ӣݣߣС
İ
21СٴԽ࣬ټңȻ򷨲֡ң֮Գ档ң֮ҡīңعɣ֮ȼңУǩʲסʲôֻҪаܱǿŵոΪţͼ־ȴǳļϵе׷ɱŵʾֻҪһ仰ӣݣ޵У㶯һԣ


1 ºţ

һĽڶը죬ո˯ŵ˲侪ѡ
˯ɱ䣬ǰվһӰ
ŮһϮɫװȹʮӣ£ƤѩپȦŮҲضãֻɫ̫á
ֹãŭУſ̹ǵĳޣﻹһѺذףŵʲôŭԹ顣
ʲôCOSPLAY
ٹСʱҪͥˣΪŵһͨոϲϣڰ칫ҽƵ۵ϣ׼Сһָ񣬲Ÿ˯žͱ˳ˡ
ԣﲻ칫ңŵܣһŻĴϣĳҲɫģȥݻ
ԣΣ
ʲô߰ΣæҲûʱ俴װ簡
ݣ
лûŵӦŮѾ֡
ذ׻ƿŵĲӡ
֪ΣŵʶĶһ¡
һ¶㿪ˣûȫ㿪
ذױǴŵӵģΪŵĶذ׵Щƫļͷһӡ
о»Ƶ˿˯¼ͷ˲䱻ѪȾ졣
ʹ
̫ʹˣ
ŵŻÿΪʹ˾ҵŤͷҲ˶ĺˮû뵽ȻҲôʵʹУ
һûҪŮеذףһ
γ֣δҪŵ
ֹసӣŵ֪ԳֵͽӲƴĴܵǣŮҲϴеذ׽׷
һΣƵŵѾ޴ɶ㡣
ŵڴǣ׷ֿ
һ˵ˣҲͽˡ
ѣһỹϰء
ŵѾŮеذףȴûд̽ࡣ
ذףھŵؿڲľͣˡ
ŵΪķ֣˼޹̧һƣŷСӺ֡
ǺͷϸƺҪȫǰذײŵ࣬壬ȴǱʲôסˣһҲܶ
ŵû´ͬһʱ䣬űһ޴߿һͷߴܽŵֻˣ˿첽ߵŵǰȭū٣빫ˡ
ŵȫ㲻״֪θˡ
Ҳ֪˯˶ã˿ֵͥñ۹ʡ
Ӧôţ
׹䣬߾ײ
οռƺô˵ģɱˣʹҲʹ׹ĻһʱҲҲߴգŵ˷һ׳ӡ
ûߣҲûٿŮŵһܣɻ𾪵ĿУһͷײǸӡ
飡
ûüܶͷľʹŵʶͿʼ޾Ԩ


ɫŵ˸ǷӴ
˻
ͷͼʹŵüͷ̧ͷһ㶡
ôôһ
ֵͷ˿һѪɴĿ
ŵʶʲôܣķ䣬Ĵ󴲣ӵļҾߣͷЩϸ¾ĵ̣ǹɫ㣬ݻ֮
ôûѣ
вУϾҪͥٲѾͳˡ
ײӺвͨŵӴԺһ۾Ϳǽͷһӡ
ͷһֻŸԺţͿԼҹվݶϣ£˫ſһԾ¡
Ӧ֣ŵңңһָ
ŵݶһԾ£ĿɿڴĿԼҶƮٶȻأѾܵԣץĸ첲ӣʲô벻˵ū취ǧҪѰ

ġ

丮
үʲô벻𣿡
ǵū˭ˣ
Լ˭ܸüǵðɣ
ŵڴϣλһ뵣ǣԳơūˣãȻҡҡͷ
߿ű͵ŵ̾ˣײӡ
ŵĿ⣬в
ȻǵԼ˭
ŵУ壬21꣬ҵѧѧϵոͨ͹Ϊһٵ񷨹١
ȻֻҲͶ룬Ϊ̡ͬ
㷨ԺæѾͨոеͥǰ׼Ϣһ۾һһͳһط
һƯСŵҪ
û˼ңһһڵԳơū
˵ΰɣһУ˵ʵ
ŵѾʶʲô
ǰɣֻǰͨѣûˣ
OKΪִˣС˵ӰƷϴ񣬶ڴԽ飬ŵҲǲܽܡ
ǣԽʹԽⱾǰ飬ô£
Ȿʵʵ飬ŵǰŰԶ
ŵ֣ǰ˻Σƴ鼮м谭Ĵ˵Ȿ鲢ûʵ塣
ܿ죬ŵͷִЩ졣
ǰھгԵһ飬鼮С׭дģΪѧŵʶǱϵ֣ǡ͡䡱׭֡
һּۻۣŵ˰ʮǮ̯Ȿ飬׼оŴɵĲοס
ȻдûⱾ飬˯ͷԽ֮ǰⱾ˯ģû뵽ȻԽ磬ʽǰ
ŵһǵͷԷƺǿⶫġ
Ŀƻ鼮Ϸ׭ġ䡱֣жϤ
ǰͬǣһΣķ·С֡
ŵ
ա
ŷ֣ŵ˲ס
ʲôŸմԽֻˣ
ιºţ㰡


2 ٷˣᣡ
ǰһֻԼܿ飬˵ֻɻһ׵顣
ֻ˯һͱһˣѵ
˴Խǽָϵͳŵ۾Ϳʱ
ʱҲͰˣô㹥ԻѰɣ죬ѵԹԵ
ŵⱾ䣬ûмӳķһöûУ֣޷顣
ŵצʱߣһ̾һ̽Ǵĳŵǵ䣬ôүûʲô
ĳ
ŵڳֵȻİڳҳģղ¥ʱͷһָԼͶ˰գȻ֪ĳҲϤĳ
˵ϣǸҪɱŮ̿ӦҲôסġ
뵽ǸСŵϵ˿ʹûǰļ䣬֪һʲô飬С˺
ͷۣʲô벻ˡ
ŵҡҡͷʵô£λΪʲôҪɱң
ҪˣҲҪһ׹
ҡͷү˻ԣҳһţūʱڲ񷿣ûü
ŵղ˵ԽǴ֮ӣŵѧɵģͨѧʷŴĴ䣬λ൱ں߷ԺԺ
Գơūһڷ⽨ĵط
ڷ⽨ᣬȨҪԶԶں߷ԺԺ
һܹƿͨգǸ߼Աλá
Լͬͬյļһòʲô˵ӵܣС̵ɣ
Ȼô
ǣһʲô£
ǰǱ鲻֪ʲôʱʧˣŵʱֻ֡
ŵԴģżۣӴ˵ȥ
߿ŵԴܾүﲻԾ˵ﲻԣֻòŵŮ̿͵ĹѺ֮
񷿡
Ů廨һϣһŰײ˿ңɫ԰ף峺ӣҲѱ޹⣬ȥޱȡ
֨ѽ
񷿵ţ˴ƿ
Ů̧ͷ߽ǵӰĿٴӿֳ̹ǵĳޣͣ壬Ϊﱻײסֻܷء
ŵղ·ѾʹˣСǼѾߣϸ¸ոнһֱڿҿҵĹ֪ôģȻǱŵд̡
ԺУѾԲһĻŮٶ̣踺Ǳ˸ۡϤź򣬰ŻϷ롭
Ϸŵķɡ
ŵߵŮǰСĵõİײûŵѯʣŮͶݺݵĵҧҲŹģ
ԹҪ˵Ǳ̣ˣŵԼš
ɺްһطĺù񣬽Ժõ񷨹٣ףһ
ŵüģʵҺг𣿡
ŮҧûС
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ɴ۾ûɱҸ
Ů۳ޣΪҸף
ҵ
ҵ٣ô飬ģ
ŵ
ھôãԭǱǣġ
СǶִԱʵʩﷸ
һ򲽣˵ģԩͷծҪҲӦǴĸװ
Ǵıɱ
˰죬Ƿɡ
ŵߵ߶Դƺ⣬Ůһۣ˵ȻүѰģûȻݻ븮УūүҪô
ŵ˰֣˵ٸɡ
ںﷸﷸٵ飬Ҳʱз
ǱвûŪأֻһ˾
ȻܺߣûִȨŮһϣڶзʵشɵ˲ȡɵǿƴʩΪټȥǷǷнˣڴﷸȨǾ͸ûˡ
Ƿɹߣӵлְҵ
ŵ˵꣬ߵ߲ûʲôֻĿֱĶ
ŵʵ߰Ҹʲô
ĿһȻĸָͷʵүǼ
ŵ֪ûв죬̽ģ
ˣ߸˵˵һ䣬׷ʵڼ
塣
ʮʮ
ʮһ
ʮʮš
һʮ
۵ţع֮ٴοڡ
˰ʮʮ
һǧİپʮ塣
ԼʱŵѾ˵˴𰸡
ŵ֪ڸʲôȷӷĸ綼ǲģһۣ𾪣ǼǷʲôһ
λļӷʲôСֵģŵûʵô򵥵ʲôþȵģ㵱ɵ𣿡
૵үɵӰ

Ķɵӣڳ˾֪顣
ΪĹܼңСܼҸԼүѧˮ׼
ƽλļӷҪָ죬ھȻܲ˼˵ʮλڰλӷȷ𰸣⻹ԼǸɵү
ѵһײײˣ
ײĺðײĺá
СųɵүȻˣܼƲסеļͣش֣˵ūȥϢү
ݵĴ֮ŵҡҡͷԭǰǸһڵļӼɵӡ
ѹͷô
ɶԼҺˣŵҲ÷˼ȥڸǴԽ顣
үϹ۰
ɱʧܣɱɵӾȻˣŮĻߵȫҶú
ɱ˻ôţ¶죬·ϡĽţԼ֪ģΪԼôˡ
ˣҲڱ˼˵ηɱ
ŵ׼ǿײȥʱһӰ߽
һλŮӣһϮɫȹװȹоµĻƣһݾ£䣬ӯӯһգںڵͷİһβŵĵһۣȸܵӢԼǧ֮ᡣ
Ȼע⵽ĳࡣ
ӣŵǵһʵмôƯŮӣŮ̿͹ȻҲһСŮλ硣
ΨһǣǴŽװǰҲٲ
ŮӸո̤Ϳ˱ϵŮŮɫ԰ף˿ңɫʹģΪңǸոܹĳ۸
ŵҪһײ
ƺ뵽ʲôɫ˲
ŵҪѯߣλƯĹ˭߾˺ķؿں֪ʹ֮صײ˲֮ϣ壬ⷬڣǰһڣٴ˹ȥ
ʱ߽ڴ
ٷˣᰡ


3 
ŵκϤĴϡ
һΣԴͼʹУؿڣͬʹ
ŵ⿪·ȥֻؿڵλãһ࣬ÿһκŵʹ
ŵڴǰһ飬үˣǧʮļǧ˰ʮڶ١
ǧʮߡ
ŵһ˵𰸣ؿڣȻҿ˿ʵأ
үûбɵӣ߲ڷģȻ˵Ѿȥˣүģдүģʲô³
ŵһأ
ɻĸ
ŵߵǸŮˡ
ڨڨЦЦ˵ᣬᡭ
˶ŨŨĶ⣬ǰ治ʲô˰ɡŵ˼Ƭ̣ߵǰǸʲôˣ
û˼૵ʲôˣ
ŵԺζģ鷸ƣֺУѧ
߰˰֣˵ǣү˵ЦˣǰξƲմӲȥ¥˹ݣҲûй鷸ƣֺС
һɵӣôֺУѧ
ү󲿷ʱ䶼ڼٳţȻҲ鷸ơ
ڳԺζģ͸ˣҪЩ飬ٷ˵Ƣôȣ
ŵ˿
ȲԺζģҲ鷸ƣҲ˵ǰǸɵӣǸʵɵӡ
ŮˣһһҪɱһһʹ
ôͿɵ۸ǰɣ
ƽ޹ʱһһţŵԽԽԽԽʱǱвˣʱ߽͵үᣬٷ˲֪飬Ϊ۸ǹ
֪֪Ϳ𣿡ŵɺŭҲǱ۸Ǹٷ˸ҡʲôٷˣ˭ķˣ
ŮӴߵǰ˫ֱӸµĵĿŵʲô£
ŵ˿ȴûбֿ˿Ľ˶˵û£û¡

ŵô벻ǸŮˣȻӡ
ӡ
ܼ˵˴СͶףһǰʽɻ飬ǺϷޡ
Ϣŵ˺һ
û뵽ĸ̥ʮ꣬ŮֶûȻҲôƯϱ
Ȼֻϵġ
˭Ը޸һɵӣܼһ˵ٷסҵʱ䣬Ҫסö࣬ǻסҲסŵڵСԺ
ôһ绨ӣŵûκθ˵뷨ﷴеš
һμ棬һΪŵԺ
ŮбԼԺ󲻻ᾭɣ
Ҳ֪ûзٸܼܲͥ
ܿŵʶˡ
Ǳдģֻܻˣ֮Ļȥǳ׹ޣֻеǸʱ֪
ŵ뵽Ǳʱ鼮Ӱٴǰ֡
ŵһۣ鼮·Ȼڡ
ŵ
ա
ŵ΢΢һ㶡
ô죿
ǵúڸղţдĻ죬ȴ죬͡塱֣ǾԲܿġ
䡷ı仯Ƿʱ䣬ղŻôķ䣬ŵֻһͷƮƮķһҳҲһҳ
һҳϣûκ֣ȴһŻ
˵ǻ񣬲˵ƬΪŻ񣬾úһ룬ǲɫģдŵŮ̿͡
ŵԺӿһһš
Ů̿͵ĻΪʲôڡ䡷棿
ΪʲôȻ죿
Ȼ֪еԵɣ䡷ı䶯һŮ̿йء
ԼСϢϢأֻʣɻŵӵԭʲôԼôܻøá
ûʱԵ飬̴Ӵ˵ȥã
ܼһ㶣үȥøʲô
ŵһߴ·һ˵ôˣȥˡ
ܼүʲô֪һȥūȥԡ
ŵӹɵУҪȥ
үļֻܼ˵Ǻðɣūȥ׼׼
Ƭ̺ŵĿվǰʮ׳˶ӰĶܼҵȥöѣô̰ɣ
ЩһĿ࣬ɢһ׺ϢȺ֮УȻһҩģӦǴ򡭡
̣֪Ѻʹ֪̿ͣģΪļүһȺǿŮء
ŵɣһΣܼȴļᶨ˵Уǵøүİȫ
ŵ˵ʲôһӰԺ߽Һȥ
ܼԣ¶Цݣ˵ٷһȥĻòˡ
ŵĬһ˲תͷܼ˵Ҿã˶ã˶֣˵ء
ʱŮӵĿ⣬Ҳܼҡ
ܼҿ˿Ůӣֿ˿ŵ˵ūãٷ˵İɡ
ȻͷһֱϹϾģŵ̵ĸһ⽨򣬵ֱŵףҲֻǸܵܡ


4 ֮
һʻڳͷ
ŵڳڣûãƿ۲һС
ȷһڻĹŴĵطһ·ʻŵ͸˵װ࣬ǽֱ߽ķ񣬶ǹⰻȻûκִƼĺۼ
Ƭ̺ŵ´߻صᡣ
Ķ棬һŮӣһѳڻĿʱʱŵҲûп˵ʲô
Ŀɨ£ŵձŮ˻¶дΣգŵһţŵҲûǸ
һ̣ڡһлͣ£ܼƿЦ˵үٷˣõˡ
ŵظһʱ
ſվڵģһƵͣſڣλ곤ϲƤʱһƣ˵˹ְΪƷҪ֪ҲƷٶѡ
֪ýǹεʲô磬Ǵ·
ҵһ·Сǰʵλˣְ֪ʲôطЧ͵𣿡

á
֮ϡ
һ׮԰λ˸ִһʣ޷ֱ棬ķʱһλҴҵĴӹܽСˣ丮ˡ
˭ˣ
䡱ĸ֣󰸶ˣԴҲ˲ѣãȻվȴȻ֪ͷ˲ðϸԺֻС䡱ĸֻص
ⱲӵļͿʼѸء
ǰ͵͵ȥ¥Ӧûʲô飬˵͢ᳫԱˣҲûֹ˵ˣô£Ҳھ°
ĹͷϸѾ˶亹
⼸֣óĹԱŷɥٴһѹˣ䲻ְļʵʵڵЩԱ
ʢʱڣȴĿ¡
ǵúǰΣһγڴ
Լʲô
ĪΪϵİӣģģһǶǼӵз⣬ˣ
ҲֻǿǹһʱһڵãԼ˴鷳
ʥϣ飬˹ñҲͰˣֻϣǲ飬һ·
ǲ̫ܣǲǳĳ˲¹ͷԼǻˣ֪ܲڣͬӵܵķϣϣܷŹ޶
Ҳ˲ˣɿܵ棬мϻüޱȲõЦݣ˵λݹ٣¹ʧԶӭˡˡ
ܼЦ˿ˣλҼүλٷˡ
ŵǰλǳɫٷһƬЦĶǵͷĹԱһʱӦ
ںϵļ൱׶ŵһССĿԱּԱĻᶼûУ˵ּ쵼ǰͷ
ŵڣȻ˵Ĵ̿ͣ죬Ȼд̹ӣӷģٶϳͲһ
ŵֵǵأɷôоôС
΢ָĳĿŵһۣԴĶɵӣյһμķʣĿ峺ôɵӡ
ңӣԷƺ鷳ģ
Էû֮⣬̽ʵҪôУն
ŵĵɷ£̲ôʡ
λˣֺ
ŵҡҡͷ˵зɡ
˵һ룬ٴ̽ɡԱˣߣһ٣ˣν޴С֮ޣɱߣͽꡭԱͽ꣬ӶԴзɻ⣬¹ٻԸġ
ŵѧŴɣǲʺϤ䷨Ĵ˼ǣñˣû˵ܺߣҲҪһ٣۱дСֻҪ˿ڣҲҪдͽ̡
մɣŮ̿͵ΪںߣҪġ
ںɱδ۴ڻҪһ㡣
Щص㡣
صǡ
ꡣ
Ů̿ͱ꣬ŵպ죬У᲻ʲôϵ
ֻŵĳ²⣬֤һ¡
ŵ룬Ц˵ҲһЩƤˣͽ̣ǲЩˡҪǷɡ
ܼҶԴû˵ʲôŮӲĿŵһۣûпڡ
Ŀһۣĵĺ֪ȻһôĶӣҪǻȨãͽʲôŮ̿ͱȻһ֮ǰ϶Ҫһĥ
Ц˵լʺȻɷ涨ͽ߲꣬׷Ҳͷţ¹ȥġ
丮飬ȻҪİҪ˽Ѿ᰸ľҳҳдһҳд
ŵʱ̹עš䡷֮ϵ֡
дŮ̿ͷţǩӡŵǰһ
ŵ
ա
±գ䡷Ҳ޷ٱ
ŵؿ΢΢м١
ӣȻʹ˰зйأ
֮䣬ʲôϵҪһ֤
дʣҪ˽Ů̿ŵ¶֮ɫ˵ˣ̫ˣһɡ
ȴǵӵġ
˵ֽ꣬д
ŵ
ա
Ů̿͵ڱΪһ꣬ŵΪա
ʱŵա
ƺÿһ꣬ŵܶһ졣
ддʣǩָǺº󣬳Цʵӣ˰ɣ
ŵһ꣬ͷ֮ޣɡ
Цݵԣɷͽ꣬Ļ̲ʹ¿˲ͨ
ŵû£ġ
ųڣŵֱ֣ա
ƺ䡷ֻᰴеɷŮ̿͵꣬ɷ涨ڣзЧģŵһôҲò
˰꣬һ룬롭̣֣̺зЧһһ죬겻ӣƺһ֮ͷᱻ
ɬǿЦݣŵӣ𣿡
ŵ˼մɣɣ鷳ˡ
˿̣еŭѾ˼¡
˸˸ġ
ãǲԼģ
ôҲ׶ƷԱΪ˴䣿
˵¡
ǳ¡
Цɲã˵ûϵ¹дһˣ¡


5 öϰ
Ȼ˵зûиı䣬ȴŵˡ䡷Ĺ
ʣǿԸıġ
ͽ̶ԣڷɹ涨ķΧڣﷸÿһ꣬ܶһ졣
ʹĳͽ֮⣬Ļ̣̣ص̣̣Щ̷Ϊϵ棬ŵһ֪һŮ̿͵ĶޣҲץųһʵʹڡ
һ㣬ŵȷ
Ҫá䡷ӦҪԼйصģ˵дŮ̿ͣʲôӶԣٸÿôసӣóϣ
ô˵ǴɱԽԽã
Ҫ
Ҳ̫ˣ˳Ա˳ŵģûɱһɵӣ
ģٴȥ̲ס競֣ȻԼŵ˹֮˵ӣ¹ٹϻŰӣҪ
˵ӣŵһ
֪޹أİӣܲ
ʱҴǸոҲֻɻץסһлᣬһˣ̶Գˣһи֮룬ӣɲ󣿡
һʲôҪ󰸣
ŵʵ𣿡
ûй󰸣ԭϵȻǲԵġ
Ǵ䣬˵Ļԭ˭ָҶԣ
˵Ȼԣ롭
ܼҺŵӣʲô
ŵֻЦЦ˵û£桭
ܼҲû˵ʲôӺпֻģȻϲɡ
;У˴ҴȥߵȻ棬ҲҶ죬ڹµˣ˫ϥˣҲҶ
ã˲߻ߣǶһλŻĹӸ硣
ƷĳȻλøλӸ磬̬ȣޱȹڳŻһЩ
ŵղѾ˽ˣһ׮԰ĿǰˣڽйԵʻ
ŵڿ˿ĵ֣ںķ֣ŵдʱΪҪоŴףյķֲ٣ȻЩֲʶǰģҲܲ¸˾Ųʮ
ǰϾһʮڼӼɵӣǲʶֵġ
ŵڵݸ˵ˣкܶҲʶ鷳һ
Цֶʶһѧ󰸣һʱѪͲ֪ԼＸ²֮΢Ц˵鷳鷳˰ʵܼ򵥣ֵϣ˼ʮӣλھһλ͵
ʱŵĿ·
һ׮Ѱĵ԰ϵλھӶɣûг֤ݣ޷
ŵ˼Ƭ̣һɽˣʵմ㶼Щʲôһ׮һʵ˵©
˿˵ˣԼĪʱ𴲣·ߵİӵӣһϡȻڽʱʱȥĳѣδʱ¥ԷȻؼ˯ʱţϴк֮ȥ˷¥꣬ȥ˺Ϸ輧ȻѺ˾ƣʱǰصңؼұ˯ˣСûʱ͵
ŵһֺĺӡ
ڣǺӱ˵ԩСîʱˣʱʱչؼңˮȻ󿳲Щʱ̣ϴкؼ󷹡ʱҳףﶫͷݳ棬׻ؼңϴ·˳ϴ裬ſһλȻǲλλǺλ
¶ۼɣˣЩͲ˵ôϸˡ
ϼʧԣ˼ʮӣλھеһΪ˴ã˶˵֮£Ҳвڳ֤
ʮӣѰ˵һСĿĸٵģȻҲӣһһȥ֤Ҫ鰸ȥˡ
Ҫûı¡
˵֤ʣŵû˵ʲôںͳҳЦʵϼģ
һ㶣¤ϡ
ˡ
Ҳ¤ϵģ㲻ǳ𣿡
һ漮¤ϡˣ˼мˣ
һĸףͼһӡ
ӢΣоң
Ҳ룬˲á

һûһţƺ󰸣˵ԵˣµɷĽζ
ڳ֪竺«ʲôҩʱŵȻ£һתӵ㣬ʲô˵һ顣
Ȼ֪Եɣһ߻䣬һʵ˵С˺ſһ˺λλλλ֮ǰϴ裬ϴ·ףݳ桭󷹣ˮ𴲡
ŵ΢΢ͷ
Ȼȸղ˵˵㣬һ׮׮һ飬ҲԵϡ
ȻĿɽӣ˵ˡ
Ӷ߶µСʱ𴲡
ŵִû˵˯˵𣬵˵
Ӷͷʼð˯˯ǰѺ˾ƣڹ˺Ϸ輧
ŵһ֣ȵȣղŲ˵ٺϷ輧ôˡ
ɽһ£ʼ䤱ˣǣǴˡ

ǣ֮ǰڼ˯
ڷ¥𣿡
ŶŶˣˣ˯Ȼȥ¥
˯֮ǰأ
ڣ¥ԷȥĳǮ֮ǰ֮ǰӣһϡ
ղŲ˵𣿡

˼ˣղ˵ľ
ž
ŵ·ص˷ͥһľľŭ˼ſȺ˼ƣʲô˳򶼼ǵϳӼǲסղŵĻȻǱģ˵Ϊʲô˵ѣϵǲ͵ģ
ɽһ̻صشˣС˼Բá
ʱ󰸾ḻĳѾˡ
Բǰɡ
ŵˣ¶ЦݣߵĲ˻֣˵ȥȥú룬ţġ
Ը̣ǲԸ޹̡
ֻҪϹӶܿɽ⣬ʱ򣬾Ҫúðָָˡ
ʵղͿһܲˬ
¥ʲôʲôλҲͱȥһ¥
Ļɽһ£õġָûҲͬ˵ǿãܣˣСˣС͵ģ鷳Щүˣ

ã
һľľ󣬳ŵ˹֣˵ı¹ܼҲ뵽ǵ֤ʵģ
ŵЦҲûʲôԾ飬ǵŻ䣬ҲʱĹ£ͺѵŸοڼֱǵ͸ǲˡ
ִֻѶһЩСɣŵȻ̾Ǵ򽻵Ҳѧ˼֡
ٴι֣¹ܽˡ
˵ʱ̲ס࿴ǰۡ
ҥԹȻš
˭˵Ķɵӵģ
ҪɵӣɵӶ磿
֮⣬ܼ֮࣬һ꣬ʲôʱ򣬡ı֣ҲԼҵɵүˡ


6 㣬ӣ
¹ٶԹӵľϽˮ಻

Ϊ٣һǵܳ
˸ղҲܻǡ
ԶԶ硣

֮ϣܼҿүͳлأϵıãȻִ㵡
Сү󣬶ϵÿһطϤһΪүˡ
ڵүǰү˳ﶼ
ɽ֮󣬺ܿд˹ʣŵ򳤰ʵ֮˴ôУ
ִ۹ƣ˿ͽ̻ͽ̡
УǧԪϣϴ߿ͽ̡
ʮʮϣʮˣȻͽ̣ûⷢĻҲͷ̶ʮҡ
˼Ƭ̣˵մɣԵòƣʮòߣòɾһʮһƥһȣƥͽһ꣬ʮƥߣͽ꣬ǧֽһƥǮ֮ޣԶʮƥͽ꣬ǧ
ŵϣĵɷڴеҲᡣ
ԿΣ̶ȲߣʵΰΣʱһĲﱻп˵ģҲкܴܻὫ֮Ƶ·
ддʺŵüβסϲ
ֶһҳŮ֮̿ɽĻ񣬳ڷڶҳ
ϵ֣ٴη˱仯
ŵ
ʮһա
ץŮ̿ͲŸ죬ץС͵Ȼ죬ͽ죬ǧټ죬ŵ飬ÿһǧһ죬ǧؾˡ
֪ܼӶ졭
ڿЩѾˣŵͰйأֻҪİӣܵõ
ֻǲ뵽ʲô̶Ȳ㣬ʱ޴ӵ֪
ŵѾȲҪ֤ˣϾʮһ죬һգ۾͹ȥˣþָİӣܱסò׵ĵڶ
򳤰ʵﻹûбİӣ
һΣүаˣԼ緹ûأҲ˵ʲôﻹмδеİӣɡ
һ֮ŵһʧ
õȷмӣ֤ȷ䣬ֻʣеİӣְӣдо䡷ϵ֣Ҳûκα䶯
ֹ̫ˣܹİӣ㲻УҲҪ㹻Ĳȡ
ŵдо̾үһСдƯǳ˼
Сŵ
áƯһСԶԶģֻСδдıãⲻҪʱϰҪ츳
һֱΪĶһɵӣȴǣȻдһֺ֡
ֻƮݵСһŮѧĶһ㣬˵ԵЩᣬдһС»ᱻЦ
ŵһλó鷨Ůꡣ
˵ˣŵԼš
ǰûѧë֣֪ʲôСųдд֣ôƯдһ
ŵЦԼûϹġ
һɵдôƯ֣ȷ̫괩ԽûʲôѱͷҲʱʱ̶̿
οŵ˵ԼǼү˼Ҳš
ʲôСҪҪǣͶȡɣʮһȲİӣϻȥ
Ƭ̺󣬳ſڣŵԳ˻֣˵ˣ⼸ʲôӣһҪ֪ͨҰ
Цһһ

֮󣬳ϣʱЦˡ
Ҳ֪үʲôë󰸻ˡ
һòĸ˴߳վΪż򣬺ʵүղ˭ôСġ
˰֣˵ˣǰã˭Ҫٵɫ£ڵ˺üɼ˭ҪװӣʲôʱǸͷ
˵û˵ʲôһתֵǸŵñٹĿ࿴Ѷٶû뵽Ǹ˵ĶӣһСд֮硭
ʵʲôѶ
Ƭ̺⸾˾ȵǱĻѻѵ˵飿
Ǹ벻ͨЩҲΪͰɡԺ˵Լ飬ǵŻ䣬ҲʱĻԣͺġ
ò룬ʵǰ˵ȥ鰸Żʲôź˵һɡ
ıһͣͷʼ߳亹
ЦѽǶǼǰˣΪˡ
˵Σգүļԣûôүһ䣬鷿һ飬˯ˣôŪүûзӦ
죬̫ˡ
˵һ鶼ǲǲȥ¥ˣƭ˵ȥ鰸
ûУ
˵˵
ҡ
ܣ϶ȥ¥ˣôιȥ͵ԣ

߳ãվڽϣŵƵ̾˿
⣬ʮһڣӦǰȫġ
ʮһδˡ
ѾˣϣЩ죬ܸһЩӡ
̿ͣܵûʲôҪ
Ժոð뷨ߺȻܼҵһȡ
үСģ
ŵ̧ͷֻԶһ˲Ϣ
ܼվԶһЩȻԼ׷˷еŵϯȥҲֻ֧ٶȼ˰ɡ
һֻɫֱŵüġ
ŵѾڵķŽļͷҲᵽζ
õȵʮһˡ
һ̣֧䴩Դ
۾֪ʱ᲻صǼССİ칫ҡ
һ˲֮
ûеʹ˼άܹת
ŵ۾
ļףüģһ硣
ⲻһľ룬ȴԽǵ
һΰϸֱۣŵС
Ϊ̫ŵֱܿǳǳë
ǵʼĬĬվŵ󣬴δڵӰ֪ʱߡ
֧С
ŵ˿ֻһͷ
㣬ӡ


7 
ŵղŻãʱŮӣ͸õ廨Ӧ赶Ūɱɱġ
뷨ˡ
赶ŪðҪֻᵯ廨Ѿһˡ

Ůһ仰նԶĸ¥Ӷȥ
ղ֧ǴӸ¥ĳġ
˸ղŵľһ̣ܼŵ˻á
Ƭ̺Ůٴ߽á
ܼʵٷˣǴ̿ץûУ
Ůҡҡͷ
һУԶݶӣûκκۼԷרҵĴ̿͡
ܼ̾˿ү˺֮࣬ܲµ֣ҲֻܵȻȥɡ
ŵĬĬĿԼһЩ
ղһ£аȫС
ͬʱҲЩš
磬ԱΣôһ׶ӽ£һ֮ڣ⵽δɱĵΰôð
ѹܼҳҪôˡ
ʱ·ĳ̣ܼһ˵үٷԵƬ̣үҪūȥЩүϲԵĸ㡭
ϰԵ䣬ıȻһȻǮأ
ŵԣһǮӹȥ˵ҵİɡ
ܼҽӹǮūǮʲôʱүȥˣ
ŵԼҲ֪ܼڴߣ·ʱȥˣܼҲûж룬߽Ǽӣһ㣬ٴζ˶

丮
ŵ䡣
ŵǰܼң֣ץ£ʵҴݶʱһǡ
飬ŵ̵֪Σա
ȻԿֽӼҲһֱ߱
˲󼺣ԼİȫûԼ
οŵ˵Σյʱ߾ȫģûΣյʱΣյġ
ŵؿڣǸλڻʹ
ǴӴ̿ͻбԼñǿ
ܼ룬˵ү˵ūסɣʵֻҪľΪͿ
ŵüһ
뵽үײӣʲôˣܼĵĽ͵һзʽ뾳ʹѰӵǧ֮ΪߣնУɻժҶˣվаɽ֮ܡ
ŵ۾ԽԽ磬Σ˵㣬ƺ
ڴʵܴù𣿡
ܼҡҡͷʱΪһˮ˵үû޷οٷѵһţūҲٷ˵Ķ֣ʵҲԶ׷ٷˡ
ŵĹâ˲ϨˣѵһӶû취
ŵʧֳܼοүûģû˺֮࣬Ȼ޲Ҳϰټ֮
ŵйƤʲôټ֮
ܼ˵֮ңιƽ£Ȼ֮򷨲塪үѧ𣿡
ŵʵȻܴ֮ùٷ𣿡
ܼҡͷܡ
ŵ˰֣ǲѧ
ֵܼ֮սɳɱ֮ҡүѧ𣿡
ŵʵܴ֮ùٷ𣿡
ܼ룬˵֮սүսʮ꣬սδز׷ٷ˵ĽŲ
սΣգۣһСľʬˣ˵Ҫాʮ꣬һܻǸʱŵ붼룬ֵѧѧ
ܼҼīùɣ֮ھټңī֮󣬿ܼԷ֮ȼ
ŵҡҡͷǲǷ𣬲ѧѧ
ܼεҽɼС١үԸѧ
˶٣ֲһ䣺ѧҽ򲻹ٷˡ
ŵɺӶģûãѧҽҲȲ
ܼ̾˿˵֮ʽ֮Ǳͷа뷨֮ƿؽ֮ǿɻΪΣԳ棬سɹ桭
ŵȻ̧ͷ
ҡⲻרҵԿ
ΪΡԳ桱žͺѧỹǸŮ
οҲҪаԼӳศɣá
ʺԼһ·
ŵܼң˵Ҫ޷ң
ܼ΢΢һ㶣ʵΪʲô
ϱѧ󲿷Ϊҵǰ
ⱲѧȻΪ˻š
Լұ
ﻰŵȻ˵ȻıϵǴ䣬ѧҲӳиҵˡ
ɤӣػصȻΪ˸游׵ĽŲά壬Ϊţͼ
ܼϵıΡ
ôʧүүǳļ
ץӣǵ
Щ飬Ϊ˵ģ̫ÿڣȵүָЩʱӦþͲᳳҪͼˡ
ŵע⵽˵Ҫ߷ҵ·ӣΪţͼʱܼҵıЩᣬ̾˿
촽˺üΣֹӡ
ŵӿֳһֲԤУʵɣѵҲûзҸ
̵ܼûûУֻҪټ֮κ˶ϰ
ŵ˿û̾ʲôһ
Ȳ˵ңӦôޣ
ܼһ˵ү֪ܼȱ𼱣ҪˣЩ飬Ժ˵
ŵһ࣬Ц˽죬ֻʣʮˣʲôԺ
ܼң֪㲻Һܼ㻹ǸҰɣڣ̣ϡ


8 μ
ܼţȵүһؼ䣬ֻ֪飬ӦþͲᳳҪ޷ˣģֻõðɣҪ޷ңҪƾˣӵִ֮Ȩ
ļ֮£ŵ׷ʵ˷ҵ֮
ҷңҪз֮͵ӵִȨ
ƽԼȨûִȨģҪִȨֻ١
ŵͨλƷԱĵıһְٰܼ˵ڴҪ٣ֻпƾһ·ûͨƾ٣Ǵ仹ǵ࣬Ҳûƾձһ
ðɣ߽ݾ뷨ʱ𣬵ŵҲ١
ϱˣȻ֪ĿƾٵѶΣǰľͷóŬŬǿƴһѵġ
ͨƾ٣ٵʸˡ
ֻһשиƷĸףֻҪͨƾ٣ԺĹ;˵ƽƣҡֱϣӦҲһ·˳
ôȻЩϺļֵۣûˣĻ˼Щ
ߵִͨȨάɣػ·ӣһ˵Сѡξһ̲ʷ̨Ϊ١
ŵûйݣʸ֮ǰȥСӣӦҲ˵֡
ܼҿԼүĿԽԽᶨԽԽ̲סʵүҪ߷ҵ·
ŵʵô𣿡
֣ܼƺֹ޷ҡ
ܼ̾˿˵֮ܣȻ֮ϣŲףмѣʮ޷үҪˡ
ŵɻΪʲô
ܼҽ͵һʼУֻҪһЩѰİɣ˶һ꣬أɳžҪоҪбУննūô˵ӿף
ŵԼѧģȻ֪ҵľޡ
һ磬ƽδˣһСԵΡ裬һڷ¹Դӷ̹ܴ󳼣Ʋƥ򡱡
֮£ûȨȻȨ׼档
ŵʵ˵зңǵ谭
ܼοүȻǱˣôͨеĹؼ
˵ͷ˵ˣҲҽңֻ辫ҽβˣҲīңֻйɣũһӸ֣УһΪնƽ񣬺ն䣬˲ܲϾͬͷһˣҵӣȨݣսû䣬ޡ
ŵ룬ʵҵļҵģ
ܼҵҡ
ŵЩ⣬䣬վڴķɽ綥ˣȻҵģûˡ
ܼ˵ģŵҲ֪Ըսײ㣬ͨ»ĺܲҡ
޷ңĺܿ졣
ӵѡʵûѡ
ŵ˰֣˵֪ˣԺ˵ɡ
ܼҲ޷ңҲΪã¼˾ִ֪ңҲ֮˶֮ԷɴڣοǷ⽨
޵һҪɱȨˣҪɱʵۣ
˭ʵ۶ݲ·ҡ
ķңǹĹߣȨȻû˽ˡ
ܼĿ˿ŵһۣĵүӦòᵹ˰ɣ
һ֮վɫ磬үЩЪϢūҲȥˡ
ŵ˻֣˵ȥɡ
ܼߺŵǰֳ°ͣĿʧ
ʱ䣬Ϸ̫顣
һʮһ͵ķԺСְԱ˯һһ磬ɱΪΣһͷײΣۿʱץŮֱ̿ͣΣţ㱻һ䴩Դ
ʮľûķḻʹ̼
΢һ

ҹ

һľķ֮ڣŮǰĿʧŻ
ϣڲ񷿿Ůӵҵʱȷһ˲ûпסŭ
ɷȻǸɵӣȴ鷸ơ
Ȼ֪ܿǸᡣ
鷸ƣһÿֻ֪ɵЦˮɵӣȻ˵ƺһ˾ȵ顣
˵Ҳ֣ɵʱûʲô
ɵˣ֪Ӧദ
ʱ̶ֹˮЩķҡ
ָϰԵĦеĳ
ȴûϤĸо
ɻĵͷ־ɣҽأ
һǽ֮һ䡣
ŵǰ鶯˶ڴʧѹ
֪˶ãתͷһȻѾˡ
ʰ飬³һ
˿̣Ѿ˴Խ顣
ϱӸĸǰ˸̣һ磬ʵûжǿҵǣңΨһò޵ǣ֪Ŭͨ˷͹ò׶ϵ룬ôûˡ
֪Ͳôƴˡ
뵽ⱲӶϵģӦÿǽ룬ֺЩ
ŵŲмܼͣķˣŵҲںҪ꣬Ȼ
վߵſڣţǰӰ΢΢һ㶺ʵӣôˣ𣿡
֪ȻѾɻˣһֱǷֿ˯ġ
ŮʵûпҵĽ
ŵҡͷûа
ŮӵĿ΢΢ƣʵõʲô
ŵͷ˿Լһѽ
ӵĽʲôʱԼģŵһ㶼ǵá
ŵæ˵˼Ҳ֪ĽΪʲô
ŮҲû˵ʲôֱת뿪Ų΢΢һ٣ȴҲδͷ˵飬Բˡ
ŵ໹ʹؿڣܴȵ˵ûϵ
˼Ҿһʲô
ԼȻһ㣬ǻὲġ
ſҪʧԺеӰŵʹһ䣺ӣ㡭ʲô֣
Ȼ֪֡
ǵӰѾʧ޵Ӻڰд
μˡ

μˡ
Ǹ֣ŵ˼飬תص䣬׼ʱ΢΢һ㶣еһɫɰ
ʲô
ԼôһЩֵֹĶ
ŵ򿪺ɰ˿ֻһЩִյǰţɰһֵܰ㣬ζİϾӴһ죬ζŵųġ
ӵĺɰΪʲôҲ
СΪʲôҪ˵Ҳ
ŵ룬ʱܼҵǮҲĪĳˣĪģӵĽ
һϸ룬ƺղŻӽʱϰԵһĺɰ˳ˡ
ǰɣѵǰǸ͵
ԼлһЩϰߣ
ܣһɵӣӦòЩȻ䣬ŵԺУһ
ٻǱ䣬Ŀ˵ڶҳǸɽ˵Ļ
ŵ뵽һ£ĿһҳŮ̿͡
Ƭ̺ĳ᷿ܼҺʵүǴ̿͵ķʲô
дŵŮ̿ͣѾߣķ䣬ѾѲˣ˿ԵЩңŵڷһѰңڴǰĳҵһֽ㡣
îʱ𴲣ϴױîʱǰɨүͥԺ
ֽϵݺܼ򵥣ÿʲôʱҪʲôɨ̵ȵȣĸŴԺУÿ춼й̶ĹŹλı䶯ÿҪҲб仯
Ƭ̺ŵܼ׼ñīص䣬ߵǰʣһֽдͬݡ
îʱ𴲣ϴױîʱǰɨүͥԺ
ֽ𣬶ԱһּǾС˵һģһֱǺ޲


9 
ŵ֪һƯôˡ
ǰķ䣬ƺܹ÷Ϸ˵һ죬Ů̿͵鷨ɽС͵ĵ֪ó
鷨ˣһܼҺֶ޲˳ǣʲôûţǵĸ֪ӦҲͨǿࡣ
ԺҪΪʶĵԱץöԩ
Ҳ֪⼼õĻʱģڿʼעһ㣬֮ͥµԱץ˿ɾͶˡ
ţŵһ۷䣬ַϵѾˢˡ
ŵ
ʮա
ʣʮһձʮգŵ֪ڵľʱ䣬Ѿ㣬ϵʱ䣬ÿˢµġ
ŵϨ˵ƣϴ˯
ϱӵ˵˯磬ͨҲǳе¡
ˡ
ܾҹ
һ죬ľƣ֮£ŵܿ硣
ͬʱһԺ䣬ĳĵƻš
ܼҽһϣЦ˵үӣүôһײȻˣǧǧӣھ˵𰸣нùϵӣүʱķ緶ϧүûп
ǰվһλӡ
ͦΣòׯӢǷüĿ¶һǣϴ縳޼ʮΪ˼ֳء
һͽľ׽ţϲûʲô飬üһֵƣֻܼ˵үʱиֳһ˿͡
ܼҿڵүĺǰһˣүҪҪȥ
ĿһԺ䣬ҡҡͷ˵Ѿ˯£ٴţúϢɡ
ү٣ÿζߵ磬Ѿûмүˡܼ̾˿˵үȷܵྪţúϢҲá
ʵ̿͵ݲ𣿡
ܼҡͨһڵϣ˵һǰүնĺ֮Ůū븮ۡЩɴү𷣣
ַ˵㲻ɱٵ֮꣬СģҲ©֮ⲻ㡭ʱ磬ȥϢɡ
ߵ˵ͷֶүҲЩЪϢ
ߵſڣ˺ȻʵӦȱѾߣ˭븮ģ
ܼ㶣˵һǰѾܹǮҪ븮ү˵ΪȥūˣѾߣֲ㣬ūˣû뵽Ů̿ͻУûūҲûз
۳룬ʵȥ˵ģ
ܼҡͷʱūүץУġ
븮Ѿ߽ˣ
ū롭꣬һꡣ
˻˵Ůʱ޷ģÿǮһӣÿʮп٣ȥ֬ˮۣżЩ۽޻ʮʮʮһûģ
ܼһ㶣ͷ֮˵ūûô࡭
ҡҡͷʵأ
ܼҵӦѾ˯˰ɣ˵裬춼ûô
̾Ϣ谡
ܼʶʲôȻ̧ͷ𾪵ү˼ǣ˸ѾӣΪɸֶȱٳû轫Ǵ̿нŻдү
ȻһĴȣ֪裬Ҿ˵ôôڣԭıĻ˶ȥ
˵գһĳ˳ȥ
վǰٴһ㣬ŲæС
Ƭ̺ܼȥ૵費ˣļһˡ
˵ı޲ƺ
ⲽԵĹȡ֧㣬ȼ󣬽֮¯ЩпЩź˵ûǴĻڼʮ˰ɣ
ܼߵʮ꣬ʮ˸ǣǿ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ܶ鶼ɼ
֧¯лȼգ¯˰ݡ
ܼҺʵ֧㣬үڼ˭
˲δֻͣ˵ʱˣȥЪϢɡ

ҹ
⣬ĳӱߡ
Сζһ£ˮ浴һƣԶɢ
ķŮˣһӰգڴ˵Ⱥһˣ̲סӣ¹Уâʹ۾ҲΪ˽ɫ
Ů¶̰֮ɫ˵ôǮǺ뱲ˡ
Щη˵ү֪ô죬ҪǱץȥñƤ
үŮɫҲˢһףǿװ򶨵ʲôץˣǾ뿪뿪ģȥȥ룬ֻ쵽ﲻ㣬ʲô
δ˵꣬Ȼļʹ࣬ͷŵĿŲĿڵһذףȻѵ̧ͷˡ
ĵסذƽŮӵֱ࣬ȫû룬˵˭뱲ӣôӣʲôƯŮҲαضһƵġ
Ů˫ĿԲʣ˫¡
˽ľغã׼ŮӵʬˮʱߺȻһ
˹Ȼûһö˼ðΣգ׬ôӣΪľǺ˽Ȼɱ㻹ǲˡ
˭
һȻͷŷֲ֪ʲôʱСĴͷȻվһ˳Ӱ
ɫʣ˵ĳֻ࣬ᣬӦҲŮˡ
˺˶ҪڣȻһ׹⣬һתһϣһ£һһҡ
ͨ
ʲôˮˣȻʲô֪ˡ
ϣ
վ׵Ӱʣ˵ʬ壬˵Ҳʹ죬ǵı£ӲģȵǸɾûôʹˣǵллҡ
˵ͷʬԼŮĿʬ壬߽գЩȾѪľ䣬ż㣬뿪Сʧڵһˮ֮ϡ
ʱСȼܴ𣬽һжɡ
ҹĳլص֮ڡ
ӰС̸
㲻˵Ѿ𣿡
ǵˣǱطݻȷû˺ּٴСѾߣҹ֣ʱ˭ɲǣǸǻˣҲΪģʱ͸ϢǶȥɽۻĻ̡
š
ǻˣ
Ҫô͵½ҪȥɱһΣ
Ҫȥȥһ£ĶȻȥͶֶ֪ģҿȣҪҰ㹩
û˵
˻һ벻ͨɵôͻˣʱѾûкˣѵδãˡ


10 
һŵ˯ʮ
۷ɫŵһµӴãҪٵˣ
ֱվڴǰӰŵ΢΢һ㶣ʶǸ࣬ԺҲˡ
һѾˮʪëš֮˵үū澷ϴ
ƺҪΪԼŵæӹë˵ԼԼ
Сϰˣ治ϰ߱ź
ҵĨ˰ѾȡëһӤʵСѾ߽ŵүԣ죬ū澸ݣȻݻ᳤ӵŶ
ʲôүԣ족ǺСһŵܿʶ֮ǰڸϵѾһɵӣºСûʲô
ԼͿˡ
ŵӹһָ֮ͨɫеʯǰĳֶëĶӦþˢˣˢ棬մһִζİɫ塣
ⶫ÷ӦúͺˢûʲôŵˢСѾˮϴϣŵһͭǰžеӰ
˵ҲɣͬˣͬòһģһŵЩοǴԽˣҲȻӵԼ˧Ϥӡ
ӤʵСѾվΪͷŵԼһͷƮݵĳĲ֪ô졣
СѾߵպ죬Ϊ̺˷٣ֲһ֧ܿ죬һλѹӾͳǰ
ŵžеԼʵʲôʱˣ
СѾߵүոչʱҪ𣿡
ŵ֪ԼȻһ˯磬̽ʣ޶ְ࣬װ˷һϣû˼ڼȥ
ܿ죬ܼҵĴ£˽˶˵ŵ䣬ŵһ˳Ե緹Ȼ˲һĻأɫζȫҪ֪ʮһ͵Եûˮƽ
ŵܼңʵܼҳԹûУһ԰ɡ
ܼЦǺǵ˵лүūԹˡ
ûʱԵ飬ŵδٶ˵ʲôӣĽ緹СѾߵݹ˲죬˵óԺôˣһ˵Ļ˾Ϳˣ⣬ٷ˵ĺɰҷˣһȥ
ЩŶܼ˵ߣǳš
ܼһ㶣ֳȥȥ

Ƭ̺ǰԺŵ˿ܼңֿ˿ߣǰҳ˳򣬲ȷŵǼǲ̫ˣ
ŵóмʮ̫󣬵Ҳýôɣ
ĸߣһȱۣһȱұۣһϹۣһϹۣžͲǺܿ׵ӣŵܻɣܱܲİȫ
治ŹһȾ˴үϰߣʵ̫Σˡ
ǵͷһֱð亹
ܼҺǺһЦ˵үģȻˣȽŻв۵Ĵ̿ͣ徳֮£޻أ徳ʦҵҲ֮үһͷ
ŵǲģʵأ
ܼһ˵үģ˻Ȫ·ϣūҲźүġ
ŵˣ̿ͣ˶
ֻܼһ䣬ʲôǧ֮ժҶˣÿһʲô̶ȣûо֪
ȥõ·ϣŵ˳ʡ
ܼ˵磬Ϊ߾
һ壬ԴΪ徳ˣдϢڲĳΣϢļӳ£һһ磬ϢΪȿ⸽ڱܹ׵ķֽʯܸ壬γ֣еһ磬ժҶˣһ㵶ǹ롣
壬ϢŵͨС˵ķ롣
˵ľҲܼ˵ﾳޱȣ͸ȡɽˣշУʵԶԶǰ
ܼҺĸߣԼӣһ
ҲǾűܴﵽյ㡣
徳Ϊʦ徳͵ľûбʵ𣬲ͬǣʦ纣ļԦѾǷ켫۳ɱҲﵽ۷壬пɵ
ѧɵţ󶼴һ硣
ѶȸͬҲԽԽѽ嵽ϢϢӵнϴƿһɵͻƼʣ޵һĿܽﾳ
ӵľﵽ徳ʦľͲ츳ŬˣԣҲǰһż轵ǰһĳ̶ȡ
ܹ֮ͨʽҲܾ߱ܣ磬Ѿپڼɣ𽥽ӴԴģǿҲ̫ࡣ
ŵᵽʱܼҺܸɴȪǰ徳ǿҲѵ˺ս˵ܹ֮ͲǼ򵥵˺սƥеģ֮½һ˵
ڵ߾Ǵ˵еĴڣޱȣйڵ߾´Լ˵˴ﵽһܼҲ̫
һ;ŵǲˣܼһӣֹľѾǼ츳ŵһ츳ûУֻı;
ڷҲ츳ֻҪеİӹ࣬ڶʱӭͷҲǲܡ
ܿ쵽˳ãſֵصѾʶŵˣһ·СܹĴȥŵע⵽ø֣źԶͿⶼվˣһƬٲά
ˣ緹ʱˣʲôʱǻȥ
ǰץֿԣҲܵô˵ɣ
ûȥŹܶٷҲа緹ûأ
ٻҪأ˹˵𣿡



11 
֮ϣͷҪըˡ
ϽⱾͲһ׮С¡
ͨҲˣģǳĸ̣Է̽żߵĵλ볯ĳЩҲС
ҹǡʮ٣޵ı࣬ЩͱݲЩǸ̾޼֣ЩһǳйԱǷˣһȥ飬ٻѰٱ£ǶһһʣҲʵ
ЩģͷۣľҪǰȻһٵ
ס֣
Ŷ죬̧ͷȥȻһϤӰ
һѾˣλүңϼң
ȻвãɱЦݣӭǸ˵ӣҲˣ¹Ѳ¹ٲ˰ӣٺúдӡ
ŵ˿ӻûƾͺá
ЦЦ˵İӣһ߿žͺã㡣
ЦһصλãЩ˵Ĺʡ
ЧŵЩ˽Ϸ飬޾ϸдһ飬дһ飬ɴж˭˵ѣˣҹʮ٣еıͶ˾ƣ˯һĲǲʲôο
ǸȻȴòˡ
ŵվһԣüʵ˲ʲôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵һϣһ񡣡
ŵ룬ʵҪԣ
תͷŵǲţ㣿
ƲŵʵǴ˰漰̫࣬Һһϣëû
֣Աƽ·಼ʩΪƣҲûʲôңɶûУô飿
֣ܲžôһܡ
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵һʱҲ鲻ʲôԣ
ʵҪô飿
ŵʵ鰸̾飬Ϊ٣ְУҲ֪֮ӣԶԶȲϰʽܸĦ˹֮
С䡷
ֻҪ˹ɱддʣ۲취ûгֶԷĻûӣ֪ǲףôˣ޷ǾǷѵīѡ
־Щ֮УᱻԳ
º̫ýͣдֵʱܱ˿ŵ򳤰˵ģʵĵطȰǹؽΡ
üһ˵ӣⲻðɣЩ˴ݲЩǳ͢ԱȻƷײߣҲʵʵĹ
ŵ˿һȻ˵̫ң徻һЩʺϲ鰸Ѷұ֤ʱ֮ڣͷǳ
룬΢΢ͷľ˼£𽥱ྲ
ɤӣ˵ҵ飬ܹ⣬ڳλ֣ԱѣҲԸ⿴֣Աң⣬λʱƲΣٱ֤ʱ֮ڽѶ֮ҾͿԻȥˡ
һֳСΧӡ
ȻЩ챧ԹȴҲǿϿɳ˵ĻϾһ׮һѾȹˣٶʱҲ޷
һӺ
ã֮ڡ
ŵǵһԭΪŴηҲⲻ˵ģηȴתӡ˵ǽϵ̾Щˣη廹ɾ䳱ʪһ㣬Ҳûʲôŵζ
ҹ֣Ա٣˲ٱͣһΪ֣ң֣ˣ˰ǣȻﵽˡ
ΪʱѺЩˣη
УʮԱռһηŮռһη֮ˣɢη

ŵ;һηʱ򣬶ߺȻһϤ
תͷһηڣŮ̿ݺݵĶ
ŵûĿֱĿǰġ䡷
˿̣ⷨϵĻ񣬴ҳҳ
ڸղţЩȫؽηʱ򣬷ȻҳһҳһλòӢӣһҳһλŮӣŮӵĻǲɫģǰҳһӵĻǰĺڰɫ
Ŀһɨܿηҵ˻еˡ
Сصķ䣬ԭУֻҪֹؽηϾͻǵĻ
һīʡˡ
ֻûӣӦҪȵоֲ֮Żб仯
ȻѾȷ֣ҲƾոǶߵ̻Ҫߵģŵڴεһ£һԵĳ˵ˣԴǹˡ
ЩѺ棬ҪģȻҪ͢ԱˣɷƷϹԱѺʱʱһҪôͷţҪô͵ƽ̲£Ƚλְߵ
Ż󣬴󸹱ߵǰ𵶵£һҲӣ˵ˣʲôʣٻȥйء
ҡҡͷ˵ҪĲǱ٣λӡ
ǹԱŷ֣λϵģȻһλˣüͷһȴҲδŭʵ˭ǺιְǺξλ
ԼȻƷԱȵطϾǳأȨƼһССƷ٣ǲ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵޹ְҲ޾λ
Ŵԣة֪Լˣŭ޹ְ޹ְʲôʸʱ٣ǳô£ʲô˶ʳ͢𡭡Ϊة͢ƷԱҲͰˣ˵ϳõĹԱô˵ĹְҲҲ㶪ӡ
ǰλˣòʣûһλߵʣȻǳȨ֮ң޹ְ޾λҲ
ߵĴةƵ˵Ķӡ
˵Ķôˣ˵ĶӾܻ˳͢𡭡
ǵĶӣ޹ְҲûʳ͢ٵʸԼеֱûʲôɵĵģةŭδ˵һ䣬ƺ뵽ʲô͵һͣСʵĸˣ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣŴӦñɣ
ܻ£ةȵƨɣһ˲Ȼֺ϶Цݣܵŵߣǫһ߳ԼͣһЦϹ¹ٵĹۣȻûϳӣ빫ϢŭҪʲôʣ¹һ֪޲ԣ޲


12 鰸ʥ
ڱ¶֮ŵʸ˳
ǶʮԱʲôְڳ͢ĸ£ʮϣŵһ䣬ǻʮ䣬̬Ȼõĳ棬Ϊչŵŵȫ빪ӻػ
һĻĽѡ
ΪͳĹԱȨ򽻵Щ˺˵ʱ򣬺޲ñȥŵһ޹ְʻͷ̧
ѯһλԱŵվ˵λˣǿԻȥˡ
࣬ࡣ
Ӳࡣ
ˡ
¹ٸˡ

ŵ֮ʮ֮ڣЩԱȿֺ뿪ƺֻҪһҪԶһ
ŵĻеССȵģԼǸûмĵڳ͢ЩԱԼͿġ
ߺŵԳ˵Щ͢Աûɱ֣Ա⣬Լ֡
ʵŵͣҲֲ֪ЩԱʹͷǵģͷ˶ʮˣҲнˣ֪ŵʲô취ڲʱʱڣͨʻҵ֡
гɻ󣬾Ŀŵݡ
˶ʮԱвˣŵȻһһʣ֣ڼηתһȦȻָһη˵ţηˣԻȥˡ
ͷ۳ܵͷ˵Ͱ˵
һϵʱ䣬Ѿ˽еİ飬˾ôûģصǵ÷ţ˰Ӧһ֮Ľ֡
еܸƣʵϣʮ֮˾ŵûнץֵİӣټ
ŵⲽһηǰٴοڣηˣҲԻȥˡ
η˶ͷţʣµ䣬һ䶼Ů죬֣Ѿߣ֣Ա檣ļλŮһ䣬֣Ա̽ѡ
ŵͷη˵ǶԳȥˡ
һ㶣ʲô˰죬ȫˣ
ηѺ˿ɲЩ˵Լˣ׷״ϲӵ뿪ηһӢϲηʱȻ˰סһȻһһ˲
ǿߣ¡
ŵְסӢӵļסһŮӵ󣬵㡣
ŮһɻӢɫҲЩ԰ףʵ󣬴ˣΪʲô
ǰΪʲô
ҲôģŵΪһٶˣʲôûʣΪʲôƫƫˣ
ʲôһ
ŵӢ΢΢һЦһЦǳƣȴú߲һɺβ׵𣬷·еܣǰΡ
ŵûнʲôֻͷһһŮֿѺڴԶη˴˲ܻ࿴ȻҲ޷
ʼգܵжһ
ŵ˷ֿѺ̲סʵӣΪʲôƫƫˣʲô𣿡
ŵǴŴ⣬Ȼһһ׼ȴ˵
룬˵ղűѺηеˣΪ֪ᷢʲôлֲ̿ڵͷ˼ãȻ޴룬һһйɣѯЩԱĶ̶ڣηһһŮ͵͵ʮ˴Σйôͣ
Ŀŵڿһ
ղѯЩԱʱ򣬾Ȼֳܷע۲쵽ηٶУһһŮʮ˴Σ
Ǹˣ󲻵飿
뵽Ǹ˵Ķӣһ㣬ƺҲԽܡ
˵һŮĶôΣǾġ
һ죬Ըһ˵ݣ
ܿ죬ͷһݾڣܽӹ֮󣬽ɨһۣ̾뵽ʲô૵ѵǡ
ŵʵ˿ʲôˣ
ܽڵݸŵʶ֣ܶ˵Ϊǳһ½ĸ̣ŮΪСƣ֣Աǰɵĵڰ˷С檡֣Աԩ޳ûĶ֣ԱСм飬һоͺܺˡ
ɱɱռģ֣ԱΪƣûгУôɱͺпܣѾʮѲ͵ͣȴ檳ȺȻˡ
ǵڰ˷С檣ֵ껪Ҫ¶ͣŮһС׹ػҲǺ顣
ӣоųɵĿѾˡ
ղϸ۲ڱֿʱ򣬴̲סСһۣдŻң˵˶ߣֻǣӦõģ̫˷ܣĴҵУһ˿ͬѰ
Щڵ˵Ҫ
ʲôӶûŵǿҡ
ʲô鰸ʥ壿
ǡ
ȥװֳҲ˽ⰸ龭ʲôֻ֪һ˫۾ܴٶλҵ֣ʲôı죿
ǰҿ»һλʥˡ
ϧѾս̹죬Ҳѵ㣬鰸ʥ壬Ҳûڷ·߶Զ䣬һλʥˣϧϧˡ
и̾һ䣬ֿŵʵӣô죿
֪УѾŵĹǡ
á
Ρ
ηǽϣɫɷףиǾޱȡ
ôܣôܣ޷죬֣˶ûκβһ϶ûлɵϣǸô֪ģ
뵽ǵһе׻ˡ
֪Ǿ֣ûɷˣ
ǣѾСһʱȻҲûһʱж尾ˡ
ηſŲˡ
ϵڣĸʱˮδͶˣṩηֻͨİײ˶׷ҴһɵζҲ֪˶á
󸻴ÿɽ亣ζһȷʵʡ
ʱıǼ䣬ȻŵһŨķ㡣
һ㣬ҲϤ
ռ㣬⣬ǽ㡭ǶĶף
Ѿͷ˿̣лһַҶǷˣƾʲô˵İײ˶跹˳ôã
ζķˣڵηġ
ŮĿˣ
ɲҪȻôıǮҲУֻ·һеȻⲻţôҲһ
ʲô
Ļһ쳹Ժ
ˣ
пһôû˸
ģǸˣȹģ֣Ա⣬ȻıļҲҲ⣬ͷȴԼ̣
ӰѾԶץηˣþȫˣˣȫˣ
ͬһʱ䡣
һߡ
еĿˣ
ɲҪȻôıǮҲУֻ·һеȻⲻţôҲһ
һηڣŮ˵Ļֿ˿жŵζˣȻû˵ʲôȴʧ̾˿
ȻУԴ˽⣬ԷӣǵֲסԵ֮Ƶġ
Ȼһ̣ԼԼ˴ĺ
ηִˣɻ޷ȫþȫĺ
ʧ䣬һĨظĿ־壬Լѡ


13 
ãá
һ߽䣬ϲˣǴȫˣ֣ԱСƹͬɱ˼Ѿã˵һУСָʹģֻһʱ˹ƻ󡭡й֮СƶԴҲϲ䡣
һУԤϡ
һڶ淭ɡŵипĶӣôɵӣ෴ϻ۾ף۲΢ĵĶѿأǾ
ŵֻԣҲû뵽Էôˡ
ղŻţüƲɣֱϴָģȷֵ£Ҳԩ
֣ŵںӹܸӼʵˣ𣿡
ܵ˵ͷַɡָһҳŵ˵ɣɱ䲻֪飬ͬ˶ͬıɱ֣Ա⣬߽ն˴ӷйɴᷢ䣬һ٣ͽ꣬ǧ
ŵ˿һҳķģͺȣⷽķɣźܴͬ
ڴģɱɷͨ檲֪֪飬ͬ۴ݾն̻߽̣Сƶ֣Ա⣬Ԥıɱɵն
Աаʱһ̵ĳ߶ȣڴǴӷ̹״ӿʵʹҲֻʱȥ̣˵ǧһȣпҪǻͿˡ
ддʣֻǩֻѺŵַšɡȻע⵽һ
ˣūıɱߣնıɱ֮ߣʣߣն
˽ȫʬ̣ͬն׾ҪȽһЩ˵еū澻ˣֻҪıɱΪû˼Ҫ̡
ıΪߣǷˣն
մɣŮ̿Ϊˣȴ·ϣıˣѾ˺Ӧն
ֻԹ˺ͽ̡
ŵ˳һۣԡɡ˽⣬ִ̫ܻ᷸󣬱Ͼ׼ȷָһȷҳ൱Ϸٷֲɱδ͹˺ӣڻĿܡ
ŵδָ
ϾִܵɵѬգ̷ִпи꣬Թ̣ʮһƽȣûūū澣ȻҲû·µ
䡷һзҲϿɵġ
ͽ̣ŵܶ죬̣һ춼ˡ
ô˵䡷ҲǰյµɷзƺԼ߼뷨
ŵĿڡɡĳͣãɨһۣһͷϿʼð亹
ɣһɷģǼ򵥵ĳ֣пܿˣ˵֪Լ֮ǰİУУ
ȵŵڷµһҳʲôҲû˵ĨĨͷϸͷдо
ͬʱ
ĳ֮ڡ
յգϵأԺ
Ժң¯еȼ𣬿ĺͰζ
һӰҴҴ񣬴̤뷿ڣƽ֮󣬿ڵˣˡ
ľķ䣬֮ϣϥĿӰ۾˵
˻˵֣֣һ˵ȣһ綼ץ˳ã֮ǰ˺ʹ˶˳ǿ׶༪١
˶٣ֵǴ˾ˣǿǾʮ꣬ԺãˣҪҪˡ
Ϊ˵ӿһۣǿԽִ󣬵Ѿ˼ӽ֣кã
촽˶վû˵ʲô
ӳĬƬ̣ʵԺ˼ɱһ޸֮ˣǴһ׸Ҳκôôͱ鵽
˵ߵǲܱ鵽ģҹ֣Աڶ࣬ǳôҲɲͷϣ˰֮ǰһ֮˭;˺һţ˰ӡ
˿ڲ裬˵Ҳ޷޷ʧһֻ֣Ҫ¾С
˻ʲҧļλ֮һʮʱ䣬һλʱ仹дãû뵽Ȼ֣˰ϣʲʬΣѽͷ֮ޣ
ӱ֦Ϊʾ˼֮󣬻ŵȥɣǵЩҪɡ
˶ʱϲȭлˣ
Ӱ˰֣ʵˣʲôݣ
һߣһ˵ŵĶӡ

һǣתͷɻˣôˣ
Ƥ鶯˼£ŭ˶ıٶ֮㻹ǣǻ𣿡
㶣ȷŵˣô£
ƽ֮˵㲻ڳã֪˵ʹգԺᣬҲȥӵ鷳
ֻܵͷǡ
˿̣ȴڷŲӣʱʱһüģ૵ǲǲ鵽ʲôܣأӦֻɺϡ
֪˶ã֮ˣʵɿ𣿡
˵ͷ˷ģҲ͸¶ǵ顣
֪ĳ֣ǲżȻԲú򣬳ضѪɺӣҲһ˼Ƭ̣һĨӵƣ˵Էһױ˼ɣ
ס
˵˵ͷʵǴأҪҪҲ
˻˻֣˵ضһ٣ʲôҲ֪һʲô飬˻ɣ˰ǣһҪСģ¶ߡ


14 Ļ
á
ŵŷϵ֣ļѡ
ŵ
ʮա
ϣֻʣʮ죬ھ˽һ¡
죬Ϊͽ̺ǧһ٣ԪãɱŮӵ̣ΪŵʮҲĿǰΪֹо
ĵ̷Ϊȣֱסȡͽ
ĿǰΪֹŵ飬ֻͽϣΪͽ꣬ǧͽ̺ʮ졣
ʵиһ㣬ΪҲҪԷ˷ʳͽ꣬ͽ̲ǾټţŻģֱӿˡ
ΪʲôԶֻǧΪԶͲǴĵؽˡ
һֱվŵߣдһŲͬоÿозҲͬȻ֪ΪʲôҪôŵҲֹһ
ôд֣ѹдôá
ֵǣдúãȴֲʶ̫֡ɵӵЩΪ˻ĺ⡣
ëд֣һ飬ŵ±ʣҪһɬ󣬶ߺȻһ
ߣҲ֪ʲôģൽ߳Ȼֹ˲ϲ£ŵߵſڣʵʲô
ŵɻղڵ٣û𣿡
ЦЦ˵Ȼˣǡ֮֡һġšղһγԡšھ ߽ڣҵĺȻ࣬ߴ͸ʱƽڶߣʵԶ֮⣬Щ裬֪λҳѧѧϰ֣Ϊƾ׼ڲ֣ӦǴˡ
ŵ΢Щȣ˻ɣ
ۺ룬Щ԰˵ҲҵӣϰգҲԶһЩ
ʵԶֻǫ˵ƾҪաģҵӣһͨɣͨƾٽҵӣ֡䡢顢գȻһᣬһ
ʱĿƾ٣ھӼңʮܳΪʿùģȴֻʮλвֻȡһˣһЩκһλܽÿһ޵⣬ҲƲԵĶ̰塣
ֻЩƾٹ󣬾ͺٻõˣϰ֮£ķϡ
ᵽŵԺеһʱ両ֵģһֺˣ̫׵ӡ
˵̫ףȴԡɡָƣһǾ׼ģֻһ֪½ڣƲߵݾ磬ǼҪ飬ŵĿ࿴
ŵܼ˵֮ңιƽ£Ȼ֮򷨲壬ȴûʶʳ֪˵ĺȻеڼˣ
գҲйء
ǰĽ׶ΣûʲôȻ壬߸ҵ
˵ľʵı仯֮ƣշУӦеġ
˵徳ܲȻ֮ͨ࣬ɴΧȺ˺Ӧеġ֡
Ұʥ֮Ӧеġ䡱߼֮Ҳ˱ܡ
˵ҵ֮ƣԳʱշУһǧﾳ߶һ㣬շһӣǵͻᱻľ
ŵĻһ㶣ȻĬĬĵͷ
ŵ˵˱СҾʶʶôãҵľӦ˰ɣһ֮ҿ۰ɡ

Ƭ̺󣬳ſڡ
֮ǰܼһŵүԺҵˣòҪ˼ҺȻеڼˣܲò
ŵԴ˱ʾ⣬Ϊʲô
ܼν͵֮ңιƽ£Ÿ˵ףɾˣ˳ţ»б壬ȻȻһ볯Ϊ٣ʱվˣֱܼģĲ٣ȻԴˣЩپˣһ˿һĺȻ޷ۡ

ԭ磬Һ޷ңĳε
ǿ͹۲ޣ޷һȨⲿ谭
޲ˣһʱ䱣ֱĺףһӱֱĺѣǽ˹ٳɫɫջмִܱıģ
ҡιƽҵߵ룬ܷʵܹǸУ߶ЩӵˣһٳΪȵߣͺٻص
ΪϣͣͲǰˡ
ԽԽǿҵԽԽˡ
ΪĹٳשҼԽԽҲȻ֮͡
ܼҸ̾˵徳ϡ棬Ȼе徳ȴܳΪ壬˾ϧˣҲûмλľҲ֮١
ŵаҺͷңȻкˣȴ˿̣ûжپôܲû䣿


15 ѡ
ŷԾܴҴΣ俴һڲϯϵʬ壬ɥ˵ԲˣʧְһûסײǽԾˡ
ܼһʬ壬ʹ䣬ԼԱηķ˺ȷϴŮȷԾ˰֣˵ҲףնףԾȫʬⲻǵĴʬʱͣʬٻʵϱġ
֪ˣαص
ŵϵʬ̾Ϣܱ뿪Ҫ߳ηʱһȻⲻǵԾƽ洫šֺ֮󣬺ȻĽոֹͣԾˣһִţ˰Ļһˡ
ܽŲһ٣һڱ̧ߵʬ壬תͷ򱻵ѺĳηŮ˵ʥʮʿһ뱾ͬнʿģʮˣ񻹻ŵģֻжʮ˲ȴܰô꣬һСһ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ŮɻʵΪʲô
ܵΪٴΪʲô

ŮһãȻУ˵ӣǵãⳤʲôУǲк棬ΪԶ֪Ⱥ֮ŵıСղ㿴飬ԶҪԱ֪𣬲ȻٿɾͰ׾ˡ
Ȼ룬̧ͷܣʵ˼ȻСĽΪðվң
û˵ʲôֻԼؿڡ
ŮĬãջ˵ͷ˵ΣҪлл˾֮
ū֮ɱˣڴǱ֮
ǳ飬ͷء
ܰ˰֣˵ӦлĲңŵӦǻˣ㲻õĻᣬڳĳŵĵΣ֮ǰҪһĥԶ֪
Ȼҧҧ촽Ȼ֪Щ
ж֮ǰѾ׼
ŵûɱҲûжʲôֻǽ͵ãȷԤϣôܸлɱ˵Ķӣ
֪ĵ̾˿˵ղӦѾ֪˽һ·δƣԣ㲻ģľˡ
Ů´ѾҧѪ૵Ϊʲô
ʼ磬˵⣬ˡ
Ȼŵֻʶ˶̶һ죬ٳֱλĶӣƺһˡ
Ůһ˾˼ܱ߳η
صԺϰԵ䣬ܱһ䣬Ȼͷ㵵أ
ͬʱֵһϣŵһƣЩͷ۵üģ䡷ãҲʤһ־鷨ҲͰˣ˳ǣëʲô°
İӣпղдӳ˳ġ
ȻŵѾעˣû취ȫ⡣
ܼҿеƣĵȰ˵ү¥ӿɲ˴ϣٷ˿ˣ֪ġ
¥ŵ󰸵ʱƺǳһ¥
ϣ죬ͷã
Ƭ̺󣬳á
ŵǿ¥VVVIPƻ˵ղż񵽵ģ˰æʧ
˿ӹ֮ЦİɣһҵʧΪתġ
ԭŵٴ뿪ã˳򳤰ǱġɡȻҪ߷ҵ·ӣҪаȻҪϤĵɷ
ⲿɡ񣬵ͷȣԶԶĲ
ŷñȽ磬ĵ°ˣŵʮ˯мôʱҲ˷ѣȻҪһµ֪ʶ

丮
ϵһ춼Ӱδıĸ׹æٻؼңŵһ˳Եģ˵һ˵ҲڣԹŵͽԼ˷䡣
ǰϣڷһ鼮
˴ӳġɡ֮⣬ŵܼһЩйʷԼӸҵ鼮
ЩʶĻĵڷ壬ŵԳ󲿷ֶܿģЩֶĵطʵڲȥ֡
Ȿ˵ġ飬һλ¼˽еĳ֣ÿֵΡ嶼ϸͣҲֵá
粢ֻдһңңŵûϸ˽⣬ֻǴִֵɨ˼ۣͽעӰټϡ
ЩȤ
ӰټУɶеֻһƶѡ
ʳңֻһȺϲʳͨˡ
еңҲֻǵеԳƶѡ
ϵҾǿģֻʮҳͷʮǰйµĻԻͣʱǨΪʱľԶû䡣
֮УҵģڵңѾǼǰˡ
Ȼڶ࣬ͣڵ;ľ徳Ƿëǣİʥ߾ʥһûС
ڵҵӣңֻΪˣҲ׷ԭ
ڷңΪȨλߵĴѹѾޣ̲ʷ̨ĵط󲿷ֹԱҲҵġ
ңũңīңҽңΪôʼղϾУɻԾڱ˾ũ£̫ҽԺȳ͢ţҲԶȨġ
ӼңңңݺңңѾˣݺңսʱڣڸ֮䣬ܾһҵֽƣνʢһʱѹңսĽǿɴһͳֻܱһЩСΪ壬ûдս֮ݺҲ˳ʷֻ̨ܼľӸ֮£ſıʿԾӣջԻ͡
ҪϰԼŵҲѡҡ
пܣֱƽϾһĸףѾǴ󸻴ʳǣﻹҪԼŬ
ֻҪʵʵĵһٶΪѹƣѾǸˡ
Ȼֻ
ŵһۡ䡷Ŀĵʱֻж̶̵Ķʮ죬ƽ˵ǵ
ʲôѡ˵


16 һ
̾˿֮ŵǽʵ
˾ʹ˰ɣ۵ܱ˺á
һϸж
ҵУûжôӣһж͵ţ˼룬ȻһУǲġ
Ҫιƽ£ҪִзȣҶҪˡ
һŵʡԣڸ׵ݣƽݣҲ
һеḶ́˵ͷǳˣ԰󰸲鰸ϻжҾ䣬Ļһ꣬Ļ̤꣬뷨֮š
һ˵޷һеѶȵġ
˵ֻҪаܱǿǰжԣд˰Ϊ᲻ˣΪϵķֳ̱ʱۣʱ䡣
ԼǷˣҲͨΪı仯жĳһûжԡ
ŵһˡ
ûд䡷ͻ
ƿصǹǸո뾳ҲƿһЩ򵥵֮
˵֮ľеҵĽ֮ﲻͬﱾϻԼ壬֮ѾرԴԴ֮ǿ߲ƿص
Ȼƿ֮֮
Ҫекǿ߿ʵ
зΣ䷨ͼǿڵʱǧŵһ߿飬һ߽Ҫĵط¼䣬д˼֮ͷ˲ԡ
ֽϵȻ㲻ϼȴҲͺÿմϱߡ
ŵҲϤԼı壬ʱдĺŮ̿һСϾͱԭ͡
ŵһʱ뵽ˡ䡷
ŵ̾ͷ쳣
Ů̿͵Ļ񣬱ı֮ǰ࣬ǲɫƬͺڰƬ𣬲Ů̿͵ģڶҳǸɽС͵Ҳ䰵ˡ
ҳУֻ֣ԱС檣ġ
һͬǣҳǸˣʼվû
ŵ˼Ů̿͵Ļ䰵־ͱԭͣ˵ͨץõõģһޣʱ㣬޼пһ졣
Ϊüܣû뵽ǵ鿨ŵЩʧ
˵˵дͦÿģĿԼҪҲôÿͺˡŵиո뷨ͿŮ̿͵Ļٴ
ŵ΢΢һ֮ʶʲôֽд˼֣⣬µֱ֣ƯС
ʧãŵȴûжٸˡ
ûѵͣκ鶼д۵ġ
վϸļһ壬ûȱʲôҲûκβĸо
ŵŷģºϷ䡣
Ŀⲻɨ䡷棬һƻ
ŵ
ʮա
ŵһţǣղŻжʮôȻһ죿
ڿɻ㣬컹ûأ
ȵȣѵŮ̿͵Ļ»鷨ĴۣԼ
Ȼֻһ죬ֻʣ²һʱŵ˵ȻһشĴдúʲôãҺпһģҲֻ鷨һ鿨˷
һӺŵŴл
ֻܰοԼ鿨Ҳ鿨ĺô٣õԼ˳ǣʧֱץУǿɾͶ˶ˡ
С檵ļ򣬻һֱǰģǲ˵ûʲôõóֵس
֣ԱС檣ĻȻҲŵģŵ֪ԼõʲôЩҲûʾֻܿԼ֡
ŵҡҡͷ֮ʱȥЩ飬ͷ顣
ܼվڴ⣬濴ŵϸֳοϲõЦݡ
֪үĶӣôǸɵӣ
֮ǰүڵүǴĶӡ
үүųģգүϣڿүʱӰӣͬĴϻۻͬڷܺѧòҲͬӢˡ
˶˵ү䲻ٷˣڿһһ䣬ֱһԡ
ʱһӰԺ߽ܼҿˣæ񣺡ٷˡ
ŵڷ俴飬洫
򿪷ţվμˣЩΪԼ͵ɰɣ
ۿŮ̧֣ŵʶֻסԴ
μ££ǰһҷ˵ʰһ£ߡ

ɫһʻ
ŵڳڣԭӸղŲ˵ģμϷʮ٣μΪﱲҪظ٣ΪɷŵҲһͬŵҪȥģһֱãڲȥʵѾЩˡ
ŵܼ˵μǴĽţĿ֮ʱ׷ºͣȻ۷ǿʢҲǳѫ֮ҡ
ңǳײ㣬һ;ŵʵĹٶ
˵ŵĸ׺μ˵ĸףʱֿѣʱҵķ˶УǱԼµĶкŮΪֵܽһһŮΪޣǱ˽֮¡
ŵɸпΪʮǰԼμҾȻԸ⽫ôŮ޸һɵӣ˻سŵ
μҲȫԿ
Ӹ˽ǶӼ޸⣬Ϻõİײι
ӼĽǶȣμҺҽףȫ˸֦
μ˵Ĵ󲮣μҵƶˣҲһλƷ佫
Լĸףȴǳ͢ƷԱ˹ְļƿصȨԴر
ôĻʵǿðײˡ


17 Ľ
һĽֵԼʻӣͣһլԺǰ
Ϸ˵Ӧþͺˣȫŵθסһϣܼҽ͵θͻȥˣһ
ʮ٣ǹҪһٳһ˼ңҲٴ죬οȨ֮ҡ
ŵǵһμңܼ˵˳ɻ֮ǰһΣǾһŵľˡ
θլΧϲĺɫĽֵߣͣͽӣ֮ǰһЩŻıͣŶ½븮
ſڴһλЦŶμ˵ˣղŴСҲˣأȥɡ
·ϣŵ΢˽һμҵλμ˵ġС㡱Ӧμ˵ĹùãҲμҶΨһŮӣѾ˶꣬μϷӣԼϷ˵
һҲͬμҿνǼҴҵá
߽θſŶӵıУһ֮
λδ˵ǧ˰ɣǹɫ㣬֮
˼ҲƯССͣеľΪ֮;
ϧôķŮȻ޸һɵӡ
꣬ԣԡ
ʲô٣ɲ

θ棬滹Ҫ֡
սŵԺ˸ɫ
Щ᣺֮ϣд硰綫ٱɽ²ɺ׳֮ףٵĺشʡ
绹δʽʼǷɢθľһ˵ЦŵһҲʶֻಽĸμ
μ˽ŵԺһԣ˵ȥùãȴҪܣһһȥݼĸ
ŵ˵ͷĿ뿪ϵһ㣬ͽ
翪ʼ֮ǰμҸڷˮ㣬Ʒ
θһ˶ʶŵһĵĿϣʵϲ֣ϵģϲڼ￴˯ӵĸʮ٣Ĳʧǡ
ոڶ㣬ߺȻһ
ѽþãԭѽ
ŵѭķȥһƯСһϲĿԼ
Сͣı¿ɰŵЦʱ¶ſɰС
ŵȴһ±ƣμһʶˣ
ŵı飬֪ʶԼˣСһʧС죬˵㲻ǵ˭˰ˣϴҼңһԹСأ
С˵ǡҼҡ˵μˣӦˣĳ岮ĺӡ
С̾˿˵˾˰ɣٸ˵һΣҽĽҪסŶȻԺͲˣ
ŵǰֹʶλС˻죬ֻǲ֮ǰˡ
ĽСǣŵ֣˵ȥӰɡ
λֻһεĴ磬ĽǺϲģΪλ糤ĺÿΪΨһһҼҡӣεˡ
ĸǣϺҼҡ
ȻĹζǴģְ壬Ҽҵķϣԭˡ
СȻŵʮϣദȴȻ
ŵҲ֣ǰȻѾʮˣܻ̿ĺͯ⿴ֻСһ
ŵûиСߣЩǸ˵첻аһҪȥݼĸء
Сﱧֱۣҡҡ˵һСһòá
ôһɰСﱧĸ첲ŵ治˵ܾĻҲԶһҲǵԣǲ̫Զ
СָָԶһյأ˵ȥɣ
ŵתͷһۣǴյؾҲʮףʱעߣӦò¡
СǣŵıǴյأȻЯСͳһµӣŵ˵ϴҰ׸㣬߹ң߹ȥ
ȻѾˣθ֪˶ٵյĺͰһСｫ׹ŵţֽ˻ȥ
ӷɹȥʱĽûм߹ɵĲӷɹҪڵʱ̧ţᴥӶʱı䷽ڿлһĻߣٴηŵ
ŷӣŵУȻһصĸо
Ȼ󣬶С;ȵŴС졣
ֻӣŶĶڿвϵ裬ȴʼղڵϣӵÿһôƮݣ磬Щǵһμ
ŵ˿ҲЩ⣬ӷɹһ̣һһоƿصĸо
Ѷȼߣ似ĻʽӼǲģǰҲᣬôԭͺˣ䡷ϵҳֻ֣ԱСһҳŵģѵسӣ
ʱŮӣֻ࣬ϣģǴǧ𣬻СС㣬֡
ߵ䣬Ůˣе㶫
Լһ֮ŵ½߹ȥĽֻſŵˣһʱ侹Ȼ˽ӣĵϡ
ûӼȻмһԴ
ףⲻɵ𣿡
Ҳ˰
Ϸ˵磬ʲô֣ҲֳЦ
Ӵһһλ˳ִһǹߵŵǰϷʵСɵӣѧиѧúøǳԡ
ŵʵôУ
ϴβѧôˣɵӡҡҡͷҲûж룬˵
ٽ

ٽм

ŵ֣ḧһԴЦԡ
ԺڲٱĿѾ˹֪λμСүôˣĪģôѧ˹У
λŵḧͷˣڻعʶʲôӿֳ֮ɫŭСɵӣˣң
ˣȻǲѧеģ˭һɵӣ
ŭ֮£־Ҫץŵ죬ʱһССӰȴŵǰ
Ľ˫֣ס˵褸磬㲻۸
Լ˸첲յ褺˵ĽÿҪúýѵѵɵӣ
ĽСȭͷ˵Ҫ۸ҾҪŶ
ԣһ̾˿
ȻĽֻ꣬ʵʵڶΪ͸УѾϢСûأСȭͷһ£ͷöϼ
Сɵӣҵţŵһݻ֮ͺ˻뿪
ŵԶĵԼμңôܻӭ
ҲǣμˣҲȢ˼彾Ůɵʲôɫ
ʱĽӣСظŵ˵ŵ粻ú£һᱣ㣬۸ġ


18 ˫̥
һС˵Ҫŵܾùֵֹġ
뵽ղͦӣŵ΢΢Щж
Сӵ뷨ģɰСİѡ
ЦЦʾԼ⣬˵ǼӰɡ
ţ
Ľ˵ͷ˹ŵһ߻أĽԾСȹҲ֮תŵĶַ˻
ܿ죬ŵͷ֣СҲӵĸ֡
ߵֿ׼ѧϰҲܿ죬ŵʶʩչܸܿƳߵøøƯ
ŵµûӦĵӣΪදһ˸
ϣĽǿġ
ڼ˼СѾߣûԸ棬ǼСѾߵļ̫Ӳס߹ȥӣ磬˺þãӶûһι
ˣˡ
ֹһСŵͣڽϣһŴһߵ߲ˡ
ԤϣϻˣֻôһСϵ˿ھͿʼʹ˼Сͷˣͷһ˿ϸûУŵЩҲס
ðɡ
ĽȻһŵôˣɵĵ˵ͷ·ŻС
ղӵʱķɢˣԼôϵϣֻĿŵŵӹҪͷͷһ̣ԺкȻֳַٵ֮
⵱ȻŵԼļ䣬ŵٴ򷨵СƵĻ
ԭΪֻշ˵һܣŮ̿͵鷨С͵ĵ֮ʵƺ²ӣͷ֣ԱС檵ı죬Ѿˡ
÷俴صļܣͬһ㡣
Ů̿͵鷨Ϊ˼
ɽӵĵľܼҺӺ޲ضҲǵе̳
λļΪ̫ƽӹʸûС
֣ԱС檣ȴܱϿɣ˵ӻǱͷѾվ˼յ۷塣
ʲôܣʱʧЧˣΪ˲˷գŵĽ˵Ҫ¸һٰɣղŵķٸƯġ
ĸŮӲϣԼĸƯֻꡣ
ĽһҲŵԥûԥͷѽѽ
ŵǷһߣ˫ͷϷɿĶ۾˼һз·ǧļ䣬ûãһƯķ٣ͳĽͷϡ
ò˵Ͷ˵ֵӰܴ
ղŵĽֻƯһĴС㣬һַ֮̾Ͷһֹ΢Ķ΢΢һЩΣСŮˡ
ĽŵȲܻط俴·ˣʱŵҲμ˺һλ
Ǹòȥʮͷͣ۽ǵβƶϳʵͣӦñȿҪһЩ
μ˴ߵŵߣŵ˵λǹùãġ
ŵ˹һ˵ùá
ϷһŮΨһŮΪ棬ĵӡ
˶ŵг˾⣬Ǿϲ˿μˣȷŵʵĲɵˣ
μ˵˵ͷıȷǲɵˡ
ɵ˵Ǵ
̲ס֣ŵһһ˵Ҿ˵Ķӣôɵء
˳ŵ̾˵ʱļַɡ
ŵһߣ󣬹ؼ˵ʲôϾԷĳֻεվ
εǣŮſţһȹװ֮£¶ѩףŵôĿⲻ֪۹۱ǱǹģеĪһֵͷ˵ֶŮùãԼӿһû浽
ҲܣҲܣҲҪ
һŮĿԶ˵ߣҲŵ˺Ӷĳŵ˿һ˱־ͬתͷȥ
ǱڵϿֵģһС
Сͣ۵ɿɰ޵еģһ߿޻һ˫š
ĿƵСϣŵ΢΢һ㶣ǲǸղźӵĽֵǣŵոոõķ٣ôֱ˰ͷ
ĿٴƶվСԣ˫ֲŷ٣Ưָ߹С
ôĽ
ŵˡ
ʱѾ첽ֵС﷽ȥһߣһԹ˭ĽôƯķ٣֪һϴĽҩһһ룬λ÷ˣ
ŵˣĽԭһ˫̥
˫̥ʲôŵ̫Ϥˡ
Ϊѧʦһ˫̥Ϊʦĵӡӱķŵʱ򻹵õͺѧΡ
ﵫӣ͵עһˮƽ˫̥ͥˣǿǽʲôþ͵ʲô·ҪһͷҪһԵģͳͳ׼˫ݣһģһģԺһֹǽúһʾƽ
һ죬Ǿ͵żﱻֵ췭ظɡ
Ƕξŵͷۡ
֪Ľһ˫̥ãŵǾԲͷġ
ʱѾ˹ȥԿֵСһ˵˭ĽͷϿҲһģһģϷ˵쿪ʼˣ𵢸ʱ
ǸԼλѾߣŭ˭ɵģ
θѾ߷׷ҡͷôλС㣬μҵѾ˱κ˶ǲġ
˰֣˵ȱ˭ɵˣ˭ַ٣һȻҪˡ
ǴСǴСҲ෢Լˡ
ǼѾգһ곤Ѿ߿ڵС㣬ĽСģͨķ٣ĽСͷˣԭķٻϣ˺ܶิӵĸĶıķ٣ӵĶׯţֱ෢Ƕᡭ
廹ϵˣüģӣԵƯٵŮЦĽ߹ùã˭ǼĽôƯͷ
ĽԿֵСһŤͷȥ
СʲôģŲԸŵ
ŵֻܸһͷ붼룡
ʱȺ֮Уһλָָĳ˵ҸղſλΪĽС෢ġ
Ůԣָķȥ
ߵľͷһˣŬĳԽԼؽӰ


19 粨
θ
լĳԺ䡣
һ֮ڣŵվھǰΪһ۵СͷŮӴƵķϣżˮʱʱĳ¡
ŵԣվһ;СﳤһģһŮأ죬һ˵ӡ
ŵѾ֪ˣߵСһһĽһ˫̥ãμŮ
ǣŵĽƯͷĽܵǰҫС󣬽еĶҲҪУѾֲָĽķ٣Ͳˡ
Ϊ׵ŵμҵŮץҪһһģһķٲ뿪
λС⣬ϣ˭á
ŵ·ɣСͷһƯķ𽥳Σ濴Եμˣȵˣҷʲôʱѧµģ
Ϊ෢ʱĶ֮θ곤ͷѾҲԶܼ
һ˵μĴ˼ңͷ෢գֻרŵѾ߻ᣬС㣬򵥵̷Բôӵķ٣һˣܽŮӼ̶ֳȣ͸ӷ˼ˡ
οһɵӡ
ڹùõѯʣμ˲δش
˵ʵλʵ̫졣
ȻɻѾһ£˵ĶԻղʮ䡣
ŵʲôʲôҲ޴ӵ֪
ǰŵһĽͷϴŵһģһ黨ͷͬλãϸ˿ã黨λãֱҲ㲻ͬų˿˵ˡ
˿Ľֿ˿ԼСϲ¶ı顣
ʱһѾߴҴҵܽ˵С㣬ķˣϾҪʼˣүǿȥ

θ֮ڡ
Ŵ󻧶ڹʮֽϷʮ٣μⲼһãǽϣһͼԹСʼĸᤣ֮ϣɷͼ
õ̺ǽ֮°һŷҡ棬ԼһЩʻˮ
һüĿϸˣ׵ϯλμӵܰ˳򣬹վмĺ̺ϣһλһλǰϷ˺١
ʱǰģϷ˵ŮԼǵİ£֮󣬾μӵܣμ˵ĸϷ˵ӣŵμˣȺĵڶţ˵ĺ棬Ľá
ףٵḶ́ʵܼ򵥣Ұ˳ǰϷϺ˵ϼ伪黰ͿһԵϣȴˡ
ŵμ˵ǰ棬վӰǸղԺﳰЦ֮
ˣӦμ˹ùõĺӡ
ǰһţŮһλǱŵͷĽΪ褸硱ˡ
μҵѾǣŶӣվ࣬Ÿźḷ̌첼֮ڸǵģμǰ׼õ
ֵ˭ǰʱѾǱὫľ͵ǵֳϡ
μҶһһǰŵ˳סǵ֣μ˵Ĵ̩ù棬껣μ˵ĸףŵˣֽܣһλݵˣŵδμ˵ĸס
μҶߣа£ɷˣΨԼǹһˡ
ȵЩٺ󣬾ֵСǡ
һЯߵϷǰ˵أϱ̣ףĸٰ꣬
ϵһԽ
һˣһǰЦ˵ףĸ²ɺ׳
Ϸ˽ӹһ¶ϲɫ˵ϵġʥĸͼ˵˻ѾʧǴģ
˵˻żȻõģĸϲͺá
Ϸ˽һԵѾߣǽϣĿٴˣ˵ѽʲôʱܸĸҸϱĸ͸ˡ

μӵһһǰ٣ŵһӣҲ΢˽⡣
μҿν˶μ˴ӣһŮμ˵ĸĸֻһŮĽ˫̥μ껵Ů
μҵȫˡ
СУ̩һغֱһһͼһ誷򸾣һ飬иӵôҲ֮һң˵ũǿģ˰ٲȫ١
ܲŵ֪ôԶŵҲŵһƢĹ㣬Сʿˮ
ũȻսôǿֵط棬е㶫ġ
褵Ľ㣬һλٻŮӣΪϷһֳдķ𾭣Ȼû͵أʤ⣬ϷҲϲ
ٻɷһλˣһŨŨΪϷһ׺ʫҲòٺȲʡ
μǽңӵܣ߱ңҵģ赶ŪǹԣŪīУ׺ʫҲ棬һº
˳򣬽ֵŵμ˷ˡ
Ҫ͵ŵϵʱ֪ˣһԾµ⡣
ŵѾҵˣμӵܣѾɼң͸Ϸ˵񣬴ǳ˫ɶԵģԷ޶˵壬ǵֻһͺãȻҲٻɷ͸ġ
ŵĺμѾΪ׼ˣֻõſϯС
˿֮󣬾ֵŵμ˷ˡ
ʱΧٱ͵ĿҲ˹ӵࡣ
μҽŮ֮ʮǰʹ˳
Ȼɷ򣬱ĸ硣
ֻ˵ĳʽͬμ˳ΪҪг࣬Ҫ츳츳ŵΪɵ񣬻Ϊλϧ
⣬ðײͨͨι
˳ĻӢνһǴ
˵ע£һѾߣһŵùμ˵𣬻ҪǰʱŲȴ΢΢һ١
ŵĿһɨüͷҲ΢΢
֮ϣ֮¸ŵģһ⣬鳤εʯͷ


20 Χ
ŵĿ΢
׼һ⣬ȴʯͷ
滻ǵ
һʱ俴һѾȥѾߣСѾߵıӦòΪμˣҲûе顣
ڵص㣬˭滻
˿˵Ŀⶼǣǰ٣ĽʯͷȥԼӲ˵Ϸ˵磬ء
μȻҲ뵽һ㣬ƽȻϣҲ¶Щ޴롣
ŵԷתζȹǰѹأ˿˶ǣ׼϶ˣҪȥݸգ
Ĳղ࣬Ǳ˵ģܲȥϷ˱ͷӡ
ʵڲУʽҲǲԣһ˲䣬ԺѾźһ׶ת׼ĽʱĿɨٻʱɷԺȻһ⡭
μ˲֪ʱƺȻס
ŵǣμ˵֣ߵϷǰЦ˵ҺͼҲһʫҪ׸ϷˣףϷݳɺꡭ
ʫ
бԣ΢΢һ㶡
ϾƯŮѾ˺ɵɷȴԵ޹ʵʫ֪ʲô
ڴˣֵǣɵӣƺûôɵȲˮҲǺɵЦҧòƺûʲô
ĳ౾ͳڣ׿ڣֻμҽŮվһ𣬻ǰ䡣
ʫ
μԣ͵һ
ԼǧʲôˮƽǵȻȻ츳ѣСͲ飬ֶʶ࣬ʫǲܵģŵɵǳһʲôʫ
˵ⷽ棬ǵͦ䡣
ݳɺꡭ˰Ҳ벻䡣
Īǵģ
ʫģһо˵ͨˡ
˿̣μ˵мǲǲŵʫģɵҲδԡ
Ϸ˵ʮ٣μ׼˺þãɲܳκβ
μ˴˿ҲãȻģֻаվŵߡ
ŵ΢ЦĿϷˣøдԵֵ帣ȫϲ컪ۡӽѶЦ˼䳤ɡ
ΪĿȤڹŴʫʣŵԡ
һЩľƪܱ
ʫΪһΪŵķ࣬ŵֻǵһס
׼ȷ˵ǰס
ʫǰͺм䣬Ӧûмݣ벻ˣֻܴһ׾䣬ŵʫߵֶˣϡǵ
аֹҵģæȸ
ŵʫμ˿
챣ӣû
ʫ׺òãǲôһ䣬ӽѶЦ˼䳤ɣ硱١Цɵģ༪顭
ǲʫģҲӦһ׺ʫ
ͬʱμҵıҲôġ
Ƕʫ֮ˣ̾͸ܵ˴ʫٻɷ׵Ĳ
ǰд糡棬̳µףȷǺףϿڣУܹΪ䣬
治
̲סڡ
ʫʫ
ӽѶЦ˼䳤ɣϵĻʫҪǧˡ

μȻóʫҲû뵽λҵıͣԴʫôߣȻ˴ǧŵĵز
̶ʮ֣꣬˭봫ǧţ
˵Ϸⳡ磬صȻʫ
һʱ䣬˿ŵμ˵Ŀ⣬Щ仯
ʫݣŵǲĵġ
дĶǧ꣬һִ˿ƷȻ֤ġ
μҵıУȻҲж֮ˡ
ΣŵлλҵǰһҪμ˿һԺȻ˿ڵˣĸһʫ
ŵתͷȥ˵֮ˣλٻŮӡ
μ˶Ůμ˵ý㡣
μԣɫһ䡣
޲÷Ů졣
һɵӣıʫûнϷ˵磬ѾллˣȻΪ̫˳
Ϸ˺ǺһЦΪŵμ˽Χһˣһ͹ˣʫҺϲ͸ǣϣԺԲԲ˴ӡ
ЦŴӺȡ誷͵飬һŷŵһŷμ
״˿
ϷϲϣǻǵһյϷ˻С
ĸάμˣٻ˾죬СһˣҲһ˰ƾʲô⡭
ٻм䲻ޡ
ڼ˳֮ǰθ顣
˶
˳֮չ¶˵츳֮ߵǾԵĽ㡣
θС㣬ֻ뵽μˣ֪ٻ
ԣСͲϲλá
ΨһЩģһɷ򣬶μˣȴ޸һɵӣֻ뵽£ŻЩ
ֱμ˺ɷĸϴͷٻַ̲סֹһ䡣
ٻСΧ˻ˡ
õЩΡ
ɫ֮࣬ͥ£ҲѵŮֻƻա
εտʼʱŵһ˵ʵղʫǼģһһʫ׸Ϸˡ
μ˿μһۣŵǰ仰ǲŵġ
˻ʫ̫߳
ѵ˵ϵµΣ׼ʫ

ϸ˵ŵǻᱳ׺ʫ
ڶף˵ȵһ׸ӳȴЩ⣬нϷѪķգԸղűŵһʱųˣڱΣóҲóˡ
Ϸ˴ƵĿŵ˵
ŵЦǺǵ˵Ϸ˲ˡ
Ϸ˵ЦݽϣڵĿҲԭأμˣɫ䡣
ģϷ磬׻ǱɵӸˣ
һԼŮΪƫҪһ죡
ûμŵһָǽϵġʥĸͼ˵ʥĸ·
Ϸһ£ȻϵЦݾͲ
ʥĸŮ֮ףɲˣһ䵱Ȼˣǹάùά
μҲ˿˵ɵӻͦ˵ģϷŷľʥĸƨĵĿν׼
ȻûǴŵһָȺе褣˵
һº¶ŭɫɵӣղǹǿ벻̣׼ȽߣɵӸҴϷ磬˭һ
ŵһָ褸ոշϵң˵͵ҷס
ŭ壬ߵߵ褣ŵ¶ɻı顣
˵ĿҲ褡
ϵŭһ˲ѩڣһеı飬ְŵһ죬תͷμ˵Ҳǵģ÷ˣҲ֪


21 ҥԣ
ps⼸żһЩϸڣҪ趨ϵСìܣʵΪдʱ򣬾عͷ޸Ĵ壬Щطĺˣеĵطûע⵽©ˣǰһЩìܣҿһ£ҿ˻޸ĵġ
ױ²۵ʫд֮ǰʵѾǹᱻ²ۣΪĺʣԻˣĻǰìܣû취Ȼô²ۣ컹ǼӸһ£ʾ⡭
һҪ˵ǣжΪʲôģҲʾ⣬Ϊߵɰ߶ԣҲûʲôϧģΪ£´λΪ뿪סˣͷ뿪ɡ
˵һ䣬ʵһд޵ߣҲ֪ԣ߿һ㰡Ӹһ°л
ȤȤ
Ϸ˱׾תʮĹʫЦͣЦ֮󣬻͵һңŵһ
褿ĶڵѪⲻͨӣ˴ǮũҴģۼֵȽκһﶼҪأԼԲһڣĸȻ͸ˣˡ
ʱڵһЩˣŵҲһЩ仯
˵һʫпǰ׼ģôڶףֳġ
ʥĸͼԼңμӵܽ͸Ϸ˵ŵڱε£ΪزģٳһʫϷ˸֮࣬ҲԼľ
ص룬ˣݻ
ɵӣϾûˡ
ʫŵǣμ˵һߣ¶ۼɿ֣ͬʱҲ˿
ʵҲԸεģϾǶǲ֪ٴԽС˵ùС˵дᱻ²ۣҲıɽˡ
ǸôصĶ͵ƫƫ͵ǵĺ
ٻһҲ飬ŵܻԼǲг𡭡
ãһоյĹȥˡ
ĽãͬΪϷһκٵ赸ҲϷЦ͸һһֻ
ˣٻڱѽ
е°벿֣Ƿ׷ʼ÷ʢ硣
Ϸ˵ĺԲŵϵʫǽƵ߳ǵڶףԾգϷ˿ģʫǾ̲סֽкá
λʫʵҿˣʫߡ
ǵһףԴľ䣬ڶٳʫǾȤŹǹŹ˵㣬Ǳȵһ״̵ķΧ㡣
պ󣬵ʫʱһҹϷľ
ϷҲһϵǧš
Ͼʫ֣ͽСΪϷ١ϷҲǺʫˡ
˾ȵǣĺʫŵԼֶûȴӵ֣ӵĸ顣
ǱΪ˵Ļ⣬֪ɲŮò
˵ʲôĶɵӡ
ԣҥԣͷβҥԣ
ڣŵμһųİԣϰŵģһɫζȫķˣ褣ٻ򸾣ԼĽãͬһϡ
˵ıͬ
褵ϣƺ֮ɫٻüͷԲ̫ãĽǶŵǰңʱʱһڿˮ
ŵҲӵζջĲС
뽫룬Ŭãӽʵúܣô޷
μ˴ӹӣֻһ죬ֳӵ˹
ŵֻһ룬˵һӳ԰ɡ
μҡҡͷѾһٴηֳ룬ݸѾ֪˶ٴοˮĽãСȲĽӹ֮Ϊ˭ֵӴһ㣬˭ֵСһֵòɿܵһԵӣԼĵȥˡ
Ѿӣٷ־׶ˣŵɵĽеٷֳ룬һݸμˡ
μԥһ˲֮󣬻ֽӹ
ŵҧһӣپɿڣڳ򣬻ӣûгԹôóԵӣ¾ͽķ֮һӳԵľ⣬δע⵽۵ı顣
ʱߵμˣֻǳǳҧµһڡ
֪ǲǴ¶ǣŵüʹ˿ڲˣԴײӵλãҲûиоˣͷʱһ
ǰϣͷײǸȻʧˡ
ֳ·ҿɴּ˿ڵλãȻѾ˴룬ղųҵʱڲһůĸо
ŵЩȵ˵ӣˣ
Ƴһۣû˵ǵȻˣũҵľģһžͼֵһǧмУǱˡ
Ѿϴ˿ڣŵһμʶ档
ֻķ֮һ˿ھͺõĲˣٶԼڣֱȬ
μ˿ŵϵ˿ڣĬƬ̺󣬽еӵݹ˵԰ɡ
ŵûпϾ˿ڻţԹӣȻĿĶżϵ˿ڣȻ¶֮󣬾ͻů˿ڵĲλĹϽʣ˿ھͳϣֻʣһǳǳİӡ
һĻܼҶסŵ𺳻
μ˱ŵԼҧһδ˵꣬ӾͱŵԹˣ촽˶ʲôû˵
ҳԱˣ
ٻһеɬŨɷĸ첲뿪ˡ
ҲԱˡ
˼ǧңԼûһڣҪҲûʲôʳ뿪
ɲǼ䣬ϣֻʣŵμˡ
ŵ̾ũҵ棬һӰ߹ŵһۺμˣʵô£
֪Ƿ͸Ϸ˵ģһ⣬ȴʱ׺ʫһʲôԭ
μû˵ʲôֻƿľϵĺ¶µʯͷ
΢΢һ㶣ȻϾ͸ֳŭɫ˭ɵģ
˵񻻳ʯͷŵٳʫǷ򸾾ͻڱǰ棬Ϸ˵ʮ٣Ҳ־޴覴ãģνն
μҵˣûĵӣһɵģԼŮ
ϾٻһֱϲˣղǸϷ˺ʱֹѡʹŮ飬Ȼġ
ŵǣʱһΣϷ˵Բ
ô˵ĻǵһʫҲٳģ
ôΣ£Ȼ뵽ҵ˸߶۵ĺʫס
ô˵Ĳɵˣ
ΪֶŮˣ󿪿ڵ飬һġ
ٴζ࿴ŵۣתȥ
ȵֻʣʱμ˲ſŵڣղţллˡ
ŵһ˶һʢķˣأ԰˰֣˵ӿˣһʲôлġ
ղվĿ˵˵ˣ˼һȹԼ˵ʫʱȳҲһüͷ


22 ҹӰ
μŵθһ䡣
ĵģֻʱ΢㣬ʮ֮ûɣڽơ
ΥѲֵĽץסˣһٶ֮֡
˵ڻʱ䣬еıסĽԶеΪƣֻθһθͷţŵμֻܴպסһ䡣
ǽ䲻ţҲֻܴһ䣬ϾȢķޣ˯˿»ΪǷ޲͡
ⲻ
ŵӲǲͣǲ졣
ƺμ˵ģϤӹﱧһµı죬ڴǰĵϣŵҲû˵ʲôȻԼִĴǰ˯ƹͷ˽ŵ۵˯бĵϣѾݻˡ
˱ʵķޣŵҲʲô
Ŀǰ˵Ҫ飬ֻһǾǻš
һķ޹ϵ
ֻ˵Ե֡
λֵֵͬӣŵȻǲųģԺվ飬һҲǲУʵײʲô𻨣ҲԺƽ֣
Ȼⶼպ飬ڵէģһ㻰ȨûУҲʲôı䲻ˡ
ʱѾˣŵѵЬۣ׼˯
ոڵ̺õıϣμ˿һָָۣ˵˯档
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ΪˣԼ˯һŮ˯
뵽֮䣬ֻԼŵûзʵ˴Ȼֻʶ죬֪ľһѸı䡣
ڴϣоԼһɵΧ
ϵζȻķ䡣
ӻͳһ顣
ŵʱŵ˳һ飬ǹڷҵģ˯ǰٿ
ʱ˵ݲ˿˷ѡ
ûҳڷʹŰղŽʱ򣬿ٻ˽ȥû뵽ӵλý㣬ֹݣһҹӣôеݣŵ졭
˲ӾͲˣŵָֻ˰
μڵϣ΢죬ƽ˼ֽģڴϵŵûп
Ϊ˻Σŵʵӣٻǲʲôìܡ
μ˳ĬƬ̣СͲϲҡ
ŵ΢룬ҲˣͬμҵŮӣҲ˼꣬һһǴһȴò츳ѣ˿϶ᾭóԱȣٻϲŹ֡
һһ֮󣬷ָֻ˰
ܿ죬ӴϾ̽һԴŵָϵһʵӣʲô֣
Ǳ˵ġ̫ˣûߣмʵǲ֪ʲô˼ϵģû취ȥֻӡ
μ˿һۣʶ
أ
ʶ

ʶ


ĬþõĳĬ
ŵãӦòʶֲԼ
ſڴߣžµȵɣѵ㲻ʶ֣
μ˵Ŀ⵭
ŵ˻شϣЦ˵ûϵ£ʶûʲôһһ䣬ӹãʲôǿ

θ
ŵ濴ʱһǽ֮ķ䡣
ٻڴͷĿ̱ڴϵɷһۣһŻ޴й
Ҳ֮
μ˵ɵɷɵˣƣһûκһʤμˣɵҲͰˣǷ򸾣Ϸ˵ϳ˷ͷõϷ˵ʹͣɷֱǱȥ
Ҳ͹ȥˣǸ׸ղ֮䣬ǻ͵μ˸Ϸ׼
ٻٲϲμˣҲϷ飬Сֹ䣬Ҳ㷢еĲޡ
˵ƺμ׼˻ʯͷ
ˣɷٳʫסӵͬʱҲϷ˵Բɡ
Ǹŵɵܴ
ÿ
뵽ſεٿԼܵɷٻˣ
ҵôô࡭
еĻ޷йֻܴͷóһֻϡ
ڷ䣬ŵոշµһҳ΢΢һתͷһۣεֿʼˡ
ʱθ
Ϸ˵ʮԲҹνǱμҵѾǣȴҪʰо֣Եøæµ
ڼ䣬Ѿ߱үȥõĻֿȱһֱʰʱǲʰϣƣ˯ȥ
С
ǰüͷ૵˭
λܹӴѾߣһʹˣʻʱҲȥǵķѹȴһֱ飬ǸеѾġ
ûӣҲû
ķ䣬ɭϣٸҲ޷֣֣ҲǱ룬ﾳϵǿߣͨȡ֮ܽϢ͵ߡ
ľ϶ȱӣۼֵ̫һأΪƫƫѡ˲̫صĶԼ˵ġ
ٻȻɺܴ󣬵ֻͨˣûʱ䣬Ҳû顣
ֻ˭أ
Ƭ̺ҡҡͷȻͷǱ㲻ȥˣǶһѣϷ˵Բٰ죬Ҫ顣
˵Ƕŵ
ųģһֱڼ˼޸һɵӣжܲԷĸǵȨ
ҹȴ׸ı˶ŵӡ󣬲֮ǰĳɵǹΪ֮ǺȻϣЩҪ
ҪǣǷܺúõġ
ȴһ׮£Ϩ˵ƻڴϡ
Ϊ˳ﱸϷ˵磬Щӣķ˲֪پǲ֪û˯һþ˿һڽڴϣ·£Դոհͷͽ˯ߡ
ʱţθ֮УĵƻҲϨ
Ψии·ҵĵɢ΢Ĺâ
ʱ֮ǰ쳣ã˿ѿһˣһƬ
ݶһӰϥܽǣԵźڰеθ˳ǣһĨ˵ЦݣԭɵӰȤȤ


23 
ڶһ磬ŵʱ򣬷ִߵϵı챻μҲѾˡ
򵥵ϴ֮ŵھǰᳵ·ĸԼŪͷͬʱҲ˲裬ŪͷŮ˼򵥶ˣž㵽죬ڣҲ鷳Ѿߡ
ֹһ죬ϵֻʣ¶ʮա
ŵɫѣŨŨĺȦò˵˲ò࣬ٻǸɷϿһ
ŵƺΪи硣
߳ŵʱÿҲӰ߳
ٻŵһۣĿ⸴ӣû˵ֱ뿪
ŵиһٻɷȻã֪ŵһ˿ҲòԵĵͷȻٻȥ
ŵվԺչһ壬뿪θȥãһӰ˽
Ľץŵ֣˵ŵ磬ҵͷˣٰһɣ
һϣŵķ٣ѾҵĲӣͷѣҲ鲻˶೤ʱ䣬ĽոԺʯϣһӰҲ˽
ŵΪĽͷ̵ҲҪ
ģ
УȣҪȣ
ȣ
ȣ

һģһСΪ˭˭ִݣŵЩͷֻۣʯͷյĽĽӮˣСȴҲԸķ䣬ֻǲһߣ˵´һӮ㣡
θѾߣվŵѧϰı෢ַ
ѧˣԺΪλССˣܲÿζСĹү
λѾʱʱļ䣬ŵǵе֪ϣθڲǵûв
ŵа취ٷְٿԲĻ֮ˣⲢΪ⣬󶯸ɸİڳ˹ؽôΣǲʵֵ顣
˳ñͷһλһ仰˵˷ܵܿˣһλĶŵ˵ллŵ硣
˵ľĽˡ
ŵȻϷֲǣԸȴܺ֡
ͬ䣬һģһ綼ͬԸȴС
ĽɿɰЩԣŵݵദһԽõĳӡ
ĽСȡһŴŴĸ㣬ιŵʾĸлȻִСһСӣúĶͿͿĨĨ
ŵʵڸʲô
ĽʳָС꣬СǺòײŴ͵֬
Ů˵ԣûĽޡ
ֻױҲǸû¾ͽԼĨСè
СͿĨĶŵٴηһĸо
ָоӵʱ򣬸ͷʱ򣬶й
Ϊ֤еĲ²⣬ŵǺ֬˵ɡ
ڵĽŵ磬žԵΣŵߣ˵ҪұıƯŶ
ŵ֣ͿͿĨĨִһѾ֬ȣûһһȫµĽͳǰ
ѹŮҪô໯ױƷױͲױײһ
ֻǼ򵥵һЩ֬֬ڶͷһƬ䣬ƯСƯС
ȻһѾΪȶŴУŵѿղſƼ򵥵ͿͿĨĨҲʲô˶ġ
֣ԱС檣˺ܴĺ档
Ůˣ׻ٶ
ͨÿһӵдʦ裬θѾߣ϶ҲһܱȣȴҲȻ¶־Ϊ˵
УȥõʱϸʣŮ˻ʲôس֪ġ
Ժڷϵķˣõʡ
ү
ܼҵӰ߽
ʱ磬ŵҲȥøԼˡ
ֻʣ¶ʮɲһֱСˣ
μ˲֪ȥʲôˣŵθѾת˵Ȼȥˡ
Ľָŵܼ뿪μҡ
ǰŸߣĽܵһԺӣԺﵴǧĿȻ˳һһģһ·һģһΣһģһͷǾãĽÿ
ĽЦĿ˵ÿɣŵһġ

θſڣͣܼϣλվΧ
ŵ߳θʱͷһۡ
֪ǲǴղźڿޣϸˡ
ҡҡͷȥЩ飬ŵܼҵȥã
ҵܼһ㶣ȥã
ү˹ˣڼţܣѵ޷ң
ιΣǵת׼ȥá
ͷʱŵȻƿͷһۡ
Ŀ֮УǳͷȺ
ܼҼ㶣ʵүôˣ
ŵҡҡͷ˵û£߰ɡ
ĴɱŵЩУܾñ˫۾ڶ
ܼĸֶûзʲô쳣п񾭽ˡ
Դǰδɱ֮ĻҲõ˼ǿֻܼҺĸͷӣ֪ж֣߹·ˣܾݵĻ
ܼһʻԶ
ʱμҲԶһֽǣһӰµĨ˰Ѷͷ亹૵㱻ˣģСӵĸ֪ôôǿϺˣٺҲˡ
ߣʵô죬
˰˰֣˵ˣСаŵĺܣһץס䵽ɾˣǼӦֻ⣬ֺֻãȥɡ


24 ռȵ
ʹ
糯£Աһ½½߳
ȻѾʮ겻ϳˣÿ³һʮĳᣬչɻһλ֣ƷϵĹԱҪϳһЩҪµ顣
յ糯һֻǹԵľУûʲôرĴ·Ҳ硣
󼸸֮߳һһ֮Сطǵ֮һ֣ȨصĳƷƨǣ糯ֻආһվƫƧĽ䡣
ɢ֮󣬹ԱȺľһһǰԵĹãһ̸Цġ
ǰԱһ顣
ʲô˵ĶӲɵˣ
ֹɵǷݻ䣬һУûУ׺ʫ˶޲ѣ˵ʫźͻ䣬һܼ
棿
м٣ҹϷ˵֮ϣٿ׶ţ˵ῡܣôɵӣ
գա
ʲôùֵģ丸ӣҲ˭ҿȥЩ꣬пڹ׾룬μһ֮Ů޸һɵ𣿡
е
ܸû뵽ϣȻܴЩд˵ĿУŵϢ
ǵУҹθϷ顣
ЩССĵ⡣
Ͼ飬ɱڳ֪Ķ硣
ֻŵֶ֣ϲȫʫȴôãдһֺĺ֡ҡҡͷϣ̫ìܵ顣
˽λصãԶԶģܾͿӰӰ´£žľ
üͷⳤãΨһʸ󰸵ģղ֪ةξҳڣԽ޴ңЩҲͰˣǳײ˰
߽ܳã֮µӰ΢΢һ֮ϵŭһ˲任Цݣ̧˵ӣ簡

ܼٻӵܡ
еϲΣǳ¥ϱеϲģ켣ڳĳеԺȣڸ¥еϲһȺڳֺаԵ
ȻҲͨյſ
Ψûŵġ
ΪٻӵܣİûУϲð참ЩճļëƤ
ΪЩëƤ飬Լͷۡ
ôеģ
ЩȨӵܵãǲԳ֮
ϽŵҲԸ⴦Щճס
ϣһӡ
ʲô󰸣ǴܶŹǲƲףҪôǻصģҲǱ׼£׼Σæһϣûӵ
ģҲͽ̵İӡ
һӣŵվԱߵĳʵռȵ˵İӣ˲ɣ
֣˵᲻ᣬôء
ǾͺáŵЦЦʵЩûİӣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûˡ
ûŵôС
Ϊһ֮ְн̻աȰũɣ϶ɸ̡ۡѡ·ּƶȵȵȵȡ
϶ְֻһС֣ܸһʱѾ㲻ˡ
ذһ£󼸼ӣļӣǰõģҪǰ֪ͨ˵ȣ۽ȵ飬İӣŵˡ
˵ŵаۣܻĸ١
ȻԴɻ̫죬ÿӶҪ鿴ɷģϰʱ͸¶ţܸһֽ˵ĸо
ŵͳҲͬУ֪һе̡
ͥҲ˵ͿģҪͥǰ׼һʱ䣬ҲţóҪİӣƵ˽磬õĲȥ֪ͨԱ
ܶԴˣҲû˵ʲô
䲻ǳõĹԱȨϰ˭ԼﲻأοҲΪ£˼ΪȨ󣬲ӵܣһգΣ͢βģˣеϵôˣ
ȻλүϲϰϱˣҲΪԼḺ
Щ飬Ҫһʱ䣬緹ʱ䵽ˣܳòʵҪˣڽհ˽ӣҪҪһԵ㣿
ŵĸŹӣʳӦǼΪģӦòӦ
ֻԼҪȥԷˣڿһ䡣
ӣ˭ŵüһ˵ߵü緹ûüԣЩˡ
һ㶣̽ʵǡһȥóԵ㣿
ŵأȲ߰ɣҺϲԽӵģó˵ա
ܿޱȸɴŵкȻЩ
һʱ²ϲǽӣǱʲô


25 ƫĵŵ
á
á
ֱۿŵӣֽһһĿϴ˸ãδԼҷ˶עʱܲڷġ
ϲӡ
ͬʱҲЩɻԼҷ˰Ľӣ˿ʮ꣬ҲûжôóԣѵǱ˼ҵĽӱԼҵ㣿
ŵû죬Լҵķˣμҵ綼ԹԵģһټҳĽӡ
޹ζһеļС
Ա㣬̲ס޵˳˾տǺø
ܵķˣһλɫˣͿźμ˵Ĺùò࣬˵ȴȻͬһʣǳŵԵʣùø˵ĸоֱˬͺ
ŵޣЦϲԳ
ŵ϶ҪģСϢϢأ뿪֮ŵһ£ʵˣ֣ԱС檣ôΰɣ
Ụ̊Ҫ̲ʹ¸˵ģӦûô챻ߡ
£ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ˵֪һչӸߣŮڴײԾˡ
֣ԱСŵ˺һ
ȻϱҲ̷ǵһ
ջ绨һձѿή㡣
Щп
ˣҪط
ŵԭʲôسҲֻˡ
ĻϨ֮ǲٵģߵúãױƯȻҲǳڵļܣҲֵ
СȻԾȴûзʲô仯
Ҳܺ
ϾԾҲӷƲãյĽᷢκθı䣬ջӵɾ̫ԩˡ
ӣŵúСһ
ٻڸһϣҲû˯ã´θ޵ĻһҪǷ򸾵ķԶһ㡣
θţ´Ӧˡ
СƬ֮󣬶ʱˬ
ʱۣҲҪϵİ׼ˣ밸صһ˵ȣѾԺȴ
֮ǰŵֻļӡ
һһ̳аһһ԰Сӣɷзɣûʲôġ
ΨһСΪ࣬Ҳв˶ء
ŵҲʲôջҲûУһӺ󣬷ʣֶһ죬±˶ʮ졣
˵ˣҪһҪ̣СӻٳɶҲǿԵġ
һûа׸ɣһ׮ӣŵ򳤰ʵˣ֪ƽذҪ಻ࣿ
ҡҡͷ˵࣬ųɾŵİӣС
ǴĹӽ£ΰȻõģͷҹѲߣͷذҲ͵ͷˡ
ٱġ
ΪȨģƽʵӿϣİжٰۻ࣬Ͳö֪ˡ
ŵ̧ͷ˿ɫʱ֣ԱСѾʱȥһ죬ԼõسӦѾʧЧˡ
˿䣬ĻȻ䰵ˡ
Ϊ֤ԼĲ²⣬ŵܼҳȥһӣΣһûпƺͷֱӷɹԺǽڶθɴ߿ˡ
죬ηɱŮɡ
óӴΣŮ̿ԡ
ܶŵĸΪѾֲ֣ʶûжһ䡣
˶ԼжȻȻЩɻ󣬵ҲǹԹԵ
Ů̿ӵʱŵڹսǴ۲졣
ǹٻ˼ҵС㣬鷨ܺãߵҲ֣ԱС檾ԶԶˡ
˿ĻţŵȻûм̳еӵı£Ҳӡ֤Ĳ²⡣
ҪϿɣǲеģ뽫ĳһ۷С
Ů̿ӵˮƽԶԶ֣ԱС檡
СƵĻ䰵ǷΨһı仯ŵ֣Ļֱڷʧˡ
ŵ²⣬ֻо߱ĳسķˣܳʱı
ǴһǴͨˣûʸ񽫻ڷϣһ֮󣬻ͻԼʧ
Ƭ̺ŵ߳ã˸
æôãֻһ
һȻ٣Ҳûкá
ƽ˺ûһÿ춼һҲĳϵĳϣ
ܿص
ŵո̤ԺӣͿμ˸Ӱ
ԣССӰ
Сﴩһ·һͷһΣȴȻͬ
ͷŻ䣬ʩ죬ƯСŮһλ˫ֲϹŵЦݣԵһλǾ죬ۿģǿ޹ӡ
ŵһֻѾ̤Ժӣһֳ˳ȥ
û뵽ܴμ׷
ҲͰˣ˳ָһƯױûʲô˿ױѾʧЧҪµ͵ʣ
ɲ˷ԼͲһ̫С￪ġ
ԭűһܣȵǻȥκμһλѾۼ⣬Ƴŵһָ̣ſڣүˣ
ʱ
ҡ
ŵСԺ֮ڡ
һθѾŵ˵ү͸СҲһĽСһױɣˡ
ôҲ޵Ķŵ޶ԡ
ŵҲΡ
ǸױҪ
æǵУ֪˶ٿ࣬˷˶ĭòײԼһ죬ôôʵ˷ѵ
Խǲ׵õĶԽϧ
Ҫ˵ˣμҲС
飬ûκء
ֲܽ͡
ŵ˵ѾֽĿμˡ
μ촽˶ȴδ˵ʲôֱôһɡ
ŵûзӦСٵĸߣֿʼۿдת
Ľ˿ŵֿ˿̾˿СȡһԺȪԴʪȻԼСϺĨĨܵߣ˵һˡ
Ľ㣬ĨĨᣬһѾߵ֣˵ǻؼҡ
ŵֻεЦЦ
ȻҪһƯױݣֻǽӵеĶҲҪС
ûˣҲԲҪ
ҿûôһãҪȻⱲӶûкӹˡ
ĽԴǽ㣬Ľ£ûɲƫģ˭ϲɶµأ
ȵθѾ뿪μĿŵʵ㲻ϲ
ŵûлشһԵĽشȻǴŵȥǼң棬ŵҲ˵ɵһ桭
μ˿˿ŵ뵽һ顣
Ϸ˵֮ǰŵȥһμңҪߣΪܲģθ˺һĽõġ
Ǽ飬θЦ˺ܾá
Ҳμ˵һμŵ
ԭΪҪλֻкͯǵķһδ룬̶̼գϣͷôĸı䡣
ŵʵΪ𣿡
ԭŵȻ˵ĽѾҺˣŵȻ˵˭š


26 Ľ
ŵɣ˵ĳ֡
μҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һӣ˼ֱˬ
ŵμ˺Ȼʶʲôʵǰˣ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ˵һ
μûٿڡ
ʱĹ֣ʱôĺѹĽôϲӣȻ浽һ
ʱĽͷŵ˵ŵ磬ȥӺòá
ŵԴ˵ͼ˽ȥɣҪȥˡ
ĽҲûвŵӣ˵Ҳˣҵѧλûأŵ㿴飬κòã
ŵЦ˵Ȼԡ
ôɵĽвɸпһģ඼һģһСͬһطĽԸôô󡭡
һɶЦһֻޣԱȣȻϲĽˡ
˵ԼҲһ춼Ľһ𡭡
ø棿
ʱЩ谵ŵԺӵͤ￴飬ĽӰȡһСӣһҧҧͷһҧҧָüͷ
ŵǡɡаʱִĵɷִкܴĲ𣬺ܶ෨Ũķ⽨ɫʡ
ִķɲþʱΥĵɷ
ܴһԭ񷨣ԻΪɣŮиĸ֮ý֮ԣ˲źϺ񷨣ܹùڵϿԼɷı˽˽ǲɷģǽ˽ŮץŮ˫ļͥӵһ̶ϵĲȨ
һԭΪ𱰡
ǰƽȡٱƽȵġ
ǷŵȵģȨڳȨȨȨȨȨڣ˴ɱūˣֻҪЩͭǮū·ϣһ㶼ǽ𲽣Ȩѹƽ񣬿һ̶ⷣƽðȨһȡ
ݷҵĵ伮ŵҲ֣ǿӵģƺĳһĳһɷ
һһķɣͬһķɣҲǻʱ䣬ƣϵķ仯еķɶȷģϦʱз
ӵģֽϷз
ÿ˵жһ˳ӣִִıзһһɷʱɶУͬķҵӣڡ֮һ֣вͬ⡣
з
ŵǰ֣ĥ⡣
ޡʵޡġֻҪԼǶԵ飬ȫòɷɷŵߵ̫ˣ£޷Υ
ϸ˵ŵÿ춼Υ
Ͼûй󰸶Υɷ
ڷҵӶԣзǴڡֽϷġ
ֻҪȫձģе壬뷨֮š
ʱԺвгμˣȻתͷŵ
ղôһ˲ŵϣܵһϢ
ȥʱָоȴʧˡ
Ƭ̺ŵ𽥻
˵ÿһλҵӣԼ·־ֽϷдΪһŵ򣬷ɱάƽģ󲿷ʱȴֻάͳĹߣ޵һͳν׼ͻԣҵǿߣûʲôõĽ֡
ŵ磬ôѽ
Ľεεŵ˼ŵڵ飬ȥ˽㡪ף˽أ
ŵתͷһۣղŻվӣôȻʧˣ
ָˣŵֻýĽСùһҳкܶĿλڼ򵥵Ļ㣬ĿĽдˣֻʣһ
ͬжʮͷʮ㣬ʼøΣ
Ǻܼ򵥵ļͬ⣬һԪһηˡ
ŵʣһдһ˵Ǽ輦СסֻСҡֻĿԵ֪סϡҡڶʮߣġסıġҡʮһʽͬʱԶԵõġסġҡʮģõڶʽȥʽõġҡʮˣҵھţ׵ʮˣʮֻֻӡ
дŵĽʵ𣿡
Ľ峺ܸɴҡͷ
ŵͷղԼ飬Ľֶ꣬˵ʱû취⣬룬˵ҪȺͺռȣҪõӺͼһȣﻹʣ¶ȣ
Ľ˼Ļشʮȥʮߣʣʮȡ
ŵֵǼ˶ֻ࣬һȲҪǵһȣﻹʣ¶ȣ
Ľصʮټȥʮߣʣʮȡ
ŵ˵ȣֻȣмȶ˺ռˣӻʣȣôжֻأ
ĽȻ򣬸˵֪ˣʮ˵һǾţһоֻӣʮ߼ȥŵʮˣʮֻֻӣ
СԺݶμָ㣬оȵԭôġ
Ľôʱ򣬼ҲѧϡǵãаѼӹͬһӵ⣬Ǹʱϲѧ͵͵ȥ䣬ֱڲŷ֣ԭǸʱúѺѵ⣬Ȼô򵥡
ʱѧôҲڻᱻԼܡ
ѧԣҪѶˡ
ŵᵽʱһʱݶ
μ˵ͷͤеӰ
ưʫѧ
Щġ
ŸĽǵӰаĽ
ŵĽĿĿһˣݶӣμ˿һۣݶƮƮڵϡ
ŵɸߵݶˮƮݣûУаĽ
ôߵĵطҲöȡ


27 
Ĺ°磬ôĵͷˡ
ŵе㲻Ӧ
ǰÿ칤ʮСʱϣռӰǳ̬ζεĵ°ࡣ
û˻ᷨҾ䣬Ľ˽⣬͵˳ʱ䡣
ҵķܷʢ˲һҲֻ˳ԡ
ŵμˣԼĽ
ҵˣĸףŵＸˣһ涼ûмֻܼ˵𣬸ƽ﹫æؼҵʱ򲢲࣬ܶʱסţҲ
ĹӦĺܷæŵ˯ˣûŵûѣѾˡ
ڲüĸӡ
ʢȺͺռȣĽҪģҳղÿһ˶ɫζȫҲضá
ŵԺһЩҪķ֣úЩգԼҵĳӡ
Ľв˵ĶͣСĹĵ˵ŵ磬ҵķóԣǼҵĺóԶˡ
ŵܼһ䣬ԼҵĳӣǸнƸʳңʳɱûʲôһŷƳһⶼʳҡ
ŵոӣʲôԵĲֺĽĽȥԺǧ˵ҼҺóԵķˣǱ
Ļ̌ͷΪʲô
ŵҳһرóԵķˣٷǰ׳ˣ
ŵת֪Ѿȥҫˣӣֵ֣ŵͷ
æΪʲô֮ǧҪͶˡ
ŵǿҪ£Ľջǹźıʾᱣܵġ
Թμ˾Ľؼˡ
ŵط顣
էģ磬Ҫ˽Ķкܶࡣ
ŵȷͦѵģһţ˵ԱֻǵһҲ֮ܽſڣŵзҵһòӳ֣һκβ
ͬǳӸҰڣҽзܹһ㡣
徳ߣû壬ǹ룬ҲҪ֮󣬺Ȼ㹻ķңƫڸ
۸ʵǰڣҾԶһġ
ȵе߾֮󣬸ǸޱҲûоԵǿ
ũҿԲٿҿԴʿսҽҰٲ֣Զ֫īһ֮ٿسǧĻؿܣԵأ
ȻҲľƿͽ֮ΪΣ˻ԭأ徳ִ֮ǿƶԷͬߣ޷˵һ֣˼̱С
֪֪ˣս
㲻ЩңҲ˽˽⣬ñ˶֪
˯΢˵㣬ֱϮŵϨ˵ƣϴ˯
һӺһʻڳͷ
ʱѹʱ򣬵;ѲߵĽʹȴһ˸ʱṧվ·ߣĿͨС
ãͣǰһӰܼЦӭȥ˵үˡ
ϵıЩź˵үո˯£үҪһӻͺˡ
Ӣ߽ңص鷿дƬ̣ܼҿֽϵʫ¶Цݣ˵ҹθ飬үҲ֪ˡ
ϣθ˿е֪ҹϵ顣
ٷΪϷ׼񣬱˰лʯͷؼʱ̣үʫף˵ʱΣ֣Ϸ˿ģõ˵һ³ޡ
Щĵʵүүʫдĺܺ𣿡
˵˵ͷ˵㲻϶ãЩ˼
ܼο˵۰ū˵үĶӣôɵأүСʱ򣬾һү鷿棬ѲʱѧЩġ
˿ֽϵ׺ʫƬ̺ʵү̵飬ϸ˵һ顭
ܼҿڵϣūѾ˯ˣүľУ̾͸үķ䣬ѾֳذףıүҺūʱϵүֻˡ
֮үľٶƺЩͷײӣڶִ֮ݶǰ飬ҲͳͳǵˣԴүѹ˾ͱĴˣадʫǻһˣū͵͵үƨǿ룬Ϊү˵ˡ
ǴСүģϵÿһطϤ͵͵ϸļ֮ޱȷţүǻʵү
Ĭδ˵ʲôˡ
ʱܼ뵽һ£¶ɫڵˣүүƺ޷ң⼸죬һֱڳöϰѧˡɡ
Щ⣬ʵΪʲôȻ޷ң
ܼε˵˵ǸᣬٷΪүŮ̿ͼı죬үһ٣үƺвޣһֱūǿİ취ûūټ֮Լѡ˷ҡ
΢΢ͷ˵֮УҵȷģʵҲ֮
ܼʵүô죬ҪҪֹү޷ҵĻʵ̫Σˡ
˰˰֣˵ȥɣԼϲá
ܼԣҲ˵ʲôˡ
޷ҹȻΣգүڣܻסүȫ
ֻǣүָ֪֮ôأ
Ϊүүǡ
վߵǰѾϨ˵Ժ䣬¶һ˿ζЦݣҰ


28 ܻǰɣ
ɫŵ˸磬Ӵ˸
ĸʵ˯Ҳر㣬һ˯ѣʮ㣬вǣͲһ죬ҴҳԹ緹ܼңֱá
ʱܴŹǷӺ߳Ķŵ˸кӣô簡
һϰ࣬һԵȻһ
ŵЦʵû˯𣿡
ܴ˴ĸϻ͵͵ȥ¥ˣ˵ûȥҪԼ֤Ϊϴɣ֤ҹ˯ȥ˯һ˵Żûţŵˣֻóӭӡ
ŵ۾˰֣˵ȥ˯ɣùҡ
˸Ƿ˵˲ˣӶˣ¹˯֮Żкܶ๫Ҫء
˵˵˱Σøлŵ
Ϊһ֮ǾҪ̫ܵˣ˵ةξУһȫǿϵ֮ɣλȫֵѾûˡ
ŵŵȣʱԼǿϵλõ֮
Ӽһۿֵı£ÿÿܶ𺳡
ڲ鰸ϲ鰸ϰֱΪ޷Ҷġ
ףȵȡ
ƺʶʲô˲һЩĿŵ̽ʵӣ㲻Ҫ޷Ұɣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ǰʲô𣿡
ԭء
ңҿɲް
˵аܱǿҪд˰Ϊǻ᲻˵ġ
⻹ǹؼҵ;ĵӣڳ͢Ծһ޵ľ֮ΣԾͻӣǿߣ³ңգڵķңѾʵˡ
ҡ޷ҲͰˣΪĶӣʲô֣
˵޵зÿ˶вͬ·ףҪ壬ǿͼġ
᲻֪ļ˭ɣ

ֻ˵ģŵʣεЦЦ˵ûûУϲͺãϲͺá
ŵ˰ź˽յİӣÿ֮밸صԱѾڹ֮Ŷӵȴŵûеʱ䣬߽ãʼ󰸡
ͬʱθ
һλͷ׵ߣеСӣ΢΢ͷ˵εĹΣǶɵĲĽͬⶼˣ⣬Լ𣿡
ĽܳʵĻشŵ磬ŵ署ġ
Դˣ߲û˵ʲôÿճ˸Ĺ֮⣬һ⣬Լ˼ǵѧ
ԼģͨѯˣֻҪԼ˱ɡ
߼˵㽲ϷӦô⣿
ͬ⣬ʵ򵥵ġ̡⣬ѧϰѧҵӣױܽһСͯ˵ǺѶȵġ
Ľ˼˵ҪȺͺռȣҪõӺͼһȣȻõһȡĴ𰸾ʮֻֻӡ
һ㶡
ֽⷨȻ͡㾭ͨеķ̽ⷨͬƺͯ׵⡣
ȡɵķҲּͬ򵥵⡣
һ߼˷㲻ˣҪõ֮һġ̡
ýŴ⣬ǰѧϰ˳˵죬Ϸǡ̡
ĽɻʵʲôǷ̣
߽͵̳̣γҲȺӣʵÿΪʣٳ̣̣֮ΪУν̡֮
С𽥱ã
ղĽ˵ļ򵥣һֱһԵˣǴ˿˵ģһ䶼
˾죬Сֹʲôѽѧûһɵӽúá
СȴǱˡ
ѧһ̳ͨѧ״ԪڽѧϣһСͯ˵ɵӣʹͯ޼ɣñѧܵ衣
ĵļλѧ̩ƽﶼ˭Ҳ˭վȻ˵һɵӡ
裬谡
ֲܺС
Ƶ飬յĿҵһģһСкȻһһľϻУȡŮһ仨䣬͸Ľ˵ĽĹɵĲǸĽ
ȻԼкܶÿƯĻ䣬仨ȲĺÿĽǺܿġ
ΪûС
Ľˣһġ
˫̥ü˲ƵĶɡ
һҵЦã˵Ŀξ͵´˭ĹɵĺãϷͻ˭
뿪߲мһЦܻܻǰɣϷҪô̡
ûصһԺһѾʵĽС㣬С㣬ʲôūȥó׼
Щĵ룬˵ҪȺͺռȡ
Ѿ̿ĽʵĽСأҲһ𣿡
ͨ£þÿʲôҪһģһ˿Ĳ
Ľҡҡͷ˵ҲԣŵҳԹˣŵҵĳӣɺóˡ


29 ֲ壡
á
컹ûʱ䣬ŵеİӡ
аϱУŶԡɡϤ󰸵ٶҲԽԽ죬ǰ
ջ񲻴˵ЩëƤҳ̵İȻΪյʣ¶ʮ죬һӣ˶ʮ졣
׬һ졣
߳ãŵԳյİӣ鷳ˡ
¶ɫֹ
ŵƺлҪ˵ʵôˣ
͵֪֮գŲǲۣԱڼϢϴ塭
ֲһ䣬˵ݲģٵûʲôϾҲѾʮˣҲȽƣۡ
ŵ⼸ѡɡһ飬ожԹԱڵĹ涨ĵĹԱʮһ졣
ȺҪ࣬ʵĵĹԱҪö࣬ʲô֣żһ죬磬شĽգţӲݡ
עТĸٳգҲǿ˾٣һõ׼
˾һⵯӵȥʷԹǵĿˮ
һĸТ˳ˣָڹң
ôһٶ죬ſһʮϡ
ŵΧۣǿȷôо񣬿ాʮŵһ٣ǼӰĻǺͺɵ쵼ʲô
ɲЩʲôһ죬ǰװ˷ˣ
ŵ룬˵ɣ鷳˰ѡʮλԸŵġ
Ļδ䣬۰Ųһ
òײһ٣ͼƻȥңˣ˭Ըŵ
ŵ˵ʮˣһǷһµٺ»Ϊ
һȺԣȻ̧ͷ
ʲô
쵱һĲܶһµٺ»
ǻݸƨ尡
ԼѡӦģѾ˳Գˣ²ۣԸŵ
ңҲۣ
ң
Ҳ£
ת˲Ĺ򣬱ͳʮˣվļƲ̵ˣѡңֻҪµٺ»У
˶ﰵһҲòԽ۸һһĿڡ
ҲֻҪµġ
ʮ죬ʮٺ»ľ͹ˡ
ܺЩȿֺļһһһµٺ»ҲԸ⣬ٺ»ڹܣܵ˽Ǯ´ξȥ¥ӼЩŮӡ
öĵĵδɼҵĵܵܣΪĸ٣˭ǣ
뵽ŵЦ˵ûй󰸣»˿࣬ɣüԼң¹͹һ𡭡
ŵ˼ⲻðɣôܵ˵ļ£
ܰ˰֣˵յ²Ǵ£¹Ϊĸ٣ҪѧϰĻкܶ࡭ʱŵ뿪á
۲쿴磬ʵٺ»ߣÿ²ʮҲŶʮŵ֪жǮضʮǳġ
صĽѾԺˡ
СԺֻһλθѾߣûμˣŵҪԼӻ߸ױŮ̿ͺ֣ԱС檵Ļ񶼱䰵ˣڵ˳úÿ⣬˵ûʲôس
ŵĵ鲢ûзĽһС߹εε˵ŵ磬һⲻᣬɲԸҽ
˵ֻǸ⣬ŵ˿
뵱꣬ҲǸ߿ѧֵĴڣܱСѧѧסɣ
ӹĽݹСӣĿȥʱŵ΢΢һ㶡
ᣬŵ⼸ʱ䶼ڿ飬󲿷ֶǴֶϸּ˽硣
ڴĵѧˮƽŵиִѧﻹûѿĵѧΪ˽ʵ⣬۸񣬸˰ȡ
Ľ⣬۸ġ
Ŷ߶E嶷ֱǮһʮ߶ĶE嶷ֱǮһٶʮˡһĶE˶嶷ֱǮʮ塣һֱΣ
˵Ŀͼͬͬһ⡣
ֻֻͬδ֪
ŵԣԪһη鲢ѽ⣬Ԫ߾󷨶ԡ
ѵôĽס
Ͼ꣬ںҲǸѧݣҸѧһҲῼôѡ
ĽĸûУŵҪףûôס
һŲݸֽľгԴķѸټ𰸣ȻĿתɴĵʽһֽг
ĵ֣ҲдӼ˳ͬжӦš
ʽĽܿġ
Ϊʲôʽӡ
ŵֻôģһ𣬺Ľŵ˼Ӻ󣬾ܹⷽ㡣
ͼ򵥶ˡ
Ԫһη飬ǼӼӼԪ̣ŵղѾ˴𰸣ֻøĽôȥԼһ㣬Ȼķѵʱ䳤˵㣬ջԼ˴𰸡
ŵʵ𣿡
Ľķ֣ոջúѺѵ⣬ȻôԼˡ
ƲƲ죬૵Ҿ˵Ǳúã˻ˡ
һɣŵȴɡ
Ϊܹ⣬ȴӼ򵥵Ӿһһѭ򽥽ǽе֪ʶˣһһιⶼûףŵûһ취ˡ
ĽûʧŵԴ˵ô˵
ŵ磡
ŵû˵꣬ԶʹһϤ
תͷȥμһ߽
һ·СܹЦźԼк
ŵЩ죬ʲôʱôˣ
Ľܵһ룬Ȼͣ˽ŲĿⶨŵԡ
Ƴһۣ°͡
Ƭ̺
ŵת壬첻Ľֿ˿Щεס
˭뵽װĽⰡ
óһģһ·һһһһζķֲ壬ֲ尡


30 ӳ
õĴ𰸣Ÿ裬ˡ
Ľͤ˫ֻŵСԹֻͺ
ˣŵԼӣСɣ֪ϵãȴ棬СССͣͳ˱ѵζ
ʵŵȻϲĽҲΪϴû򣬾С۵ǽѣŵʲô
ĽŵֻεĽ͵ǳһģһҰˡ
Ҫղһֱװǽ㣬ŵһûɡ
˭֪С·Ҳô
ĽתŵһۣСʵģ
ŵƣ˵ƭС
Ľ˵ѾǺصˣ¶Цݣܵŵߣ˵Ҳˣ
ŵĵСǺú壬Ľȴ˼ôܱðٴη
һ۾һŵ˵ԼһŰɣֻ֪İţԲŵģ
飬ŵֻܴӦ
˵һۣսŶΪһ壬ɽϻֻжԵģĽҪȻ
˵⻹Ǹ˫̥ĺð취
Ȼ˵ֻǽѣֶһŵҲϡͿġ
ĽҲŵģŵۣǺһģһ⣬ղѾһ飬ٽһ飬Ȼᳵ·
μ˿ֽϵ⣬ͷֿʼˡ
һʽʮ֮ǰʹ䡣
ǵǰѧѧʱѵҲǰѼӹͬһˣʲô飬ģEģֻĿдһҳֽСӾҪѧôѵѧ
ڶʱΪ˵һĻЩǳӣŵ
Ҳ˫̥һҲ࣬ĶĽҲԼһ㣬ܿҲó˴𰸡
ĽԼĽеţ૵ԭô򵥰
μ˵У¶Щȡ
ղŵĽʱҲһţţдһҳֽѧ⣬ҲôѣĽˣҲˡ
ʶһ֮ʵЩСС
Сʱ򣬽ѧģŵǸͷӣѧҲô
˿̣μ˵УĪһͷ
Щͺˡ
ŵվչһ塣
Ԫһη飬ŻˣĽʵҲֻ漰һЩڵѧˮƽܹܺõյġ
ȻҪΪŵһ
һŵĽøղ̵ķһ켦ͬ⣬ܿ˴𰸣Ȼˡ
Ľڸϰղѧݣŵ߻ط䣬ʱһ顣
㾭˴ѧȫ
ڵ磬еѧ⣬һڡ
ɴ˿ɼʱѧˮƽ
ѧڽִ֮󣬿ʼ˷ķչڹѧĻϣϵµķ֧ۣΣˣѧ˵һˣһٱһǧҲеѧ֪ʶ
㾭֮УоŸϸĿΪֱǷס˥֡ٹ㡢̹䡢Ӯ㡢̡ɣÿϸĿоһƵ⡣
硰һ£רоĶļ㣬˸ֶΡԲεȵʽ⻹зͨ֡ԼֺͼӼ˳Լ
̹㣬˸ʽǽڹʱ˹
䡱һ£ϸκ̯ɸ˰۵ĸ⣬С࣬Ҳô֮ʱѧżǿĿԣӦʵеĸ⡣
յļͬͽյ⣬ڡ㾭Уڡ̡⡣
ˡ̡Ǳ˷ִ̣ѧķָ̣Ǻδ֪ĵʽ㾭еġִָ̡ѧԷ顣
ŵһд
㾭ݣŰ˺к͸ѧһ֣д󲿷⣬ø֪ʶܽһով߿׼ѧѧˮƽԴĵ˵ǽάȻѧδˡ
ĽŪõ⣬ŵڿ飬ûдţԼܵԺμ˵˽㣬㿴ҵĹûн
ŵ鿴ĽζߺȻһ졣
תͷȥĽԺССȭͷÿһλ裬һƷ֮һƴڴֵϣ׳ɾҡΣŵýµĵ涼˻Ρ
һĻŵĿɿڴ
ôĺӣ
˰죬ϴ˵ҪԼ˵˵
ʵ
ŵССУô̺ôǿСԺſڣŲ
Ӱ߽СԺ
λһЦݵģܼҡ
ǰģһλŵˡ
ͦΣӦһװңǷ°縳룬·˿һ˵ʡ
ҪһĻ
Ǿ˧
˧
ŵ⼸ͳܴ򽻵ҲС˧еֵϲһֱӱ
Լʮʮʱʣٸ
ƽǰߺܼң˿ȴĸ˵󣬶ԷݣѲ¡
ԣλӢʲˣǵ䣬ˣĸס
ŵѾмˣǵһμ
ܼСŹЦ˵үүˡ
ϱŵСʱ򣬸ĸȥˣģ˵ЩңԶ˿λһμİˣ֣ô˵ڡ
˻ߵŵߣʵ˺Щ𣿡
ŵع񣬵ͷǰϣϷһũҵҡѾȬˡ
ʵ벻ǰˣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵һ㶼ǲ
˵ûϵǲˣƽҪʲô͸ܼҡ
ֻǺŵ˵仰ļ˱ת뿪
ŵóλԱƺҲںͶӽ
ŵҲóӼƽ͵ദģʽһЩ
ߵʱ򣬶վԺμ΢΢ͷ
ĽμƺЩ£˫ֽץ·ֻ¶һԴ
ŵ߹ĽԴʵ𣿡
褵ʱͦСظվ˵Ҫŵû뵽첻µزµĽҲкµˡ
Ľ˵ͷ˵˵ֶκöö˶
ŵʵ˭˵ģ
Ľ褸ǡ
ǸģڴģطõȨޣϣ̣Ҫɴ临ǩ֣ô˵Ҳûд
ŵЦЦ˵ɱĶǻˣĽǺˣͲ
˼ҵȻǺˣǻˡ
ŵô˵ĽڷģܵԱǿÿˡ
μ˿ŵĿЩ֣̺һЩ˵ζŵߣԼȷŵණ
μҡҡͷûС
ŵСֹһ䣺û㿴Ҹ
μ˵Ŀ
ŵһĽһ˵Ϳһֲٿ⣬¡


31 Ű참
ڶϣ緹ŵһ˳Եġ
ĽȥԵûлŵԴϰߣһͳˣȻգΪлأȫأͽϵİýɴ¸ˣµĹԱҪŸæһЩ
żٻҪӰ࣬ϵǳĬ
Թ緹ܼǰá
ȥ·ϣŵȻһ£ʵϷʮ٣ҵôûȥ
ܼ˵ԼĸףӵĸཻĪ棬˲ָΪ飬ҵĹϵһ㣬ΪֿѼ׼ңϷ˵ʮ٣μҰ˸Ӵŵݶȥˣƺ̫ʡ
ϣŵںˡ
ܼһ
Ȼܸүү֣óԱŷɥԲμϷ˵磬μҵľͲǾϲǾˡ
Ц˵ΪүæүҲ֪үǴ䣬żٹٵ˾λȨأÿ춼Ҫܶ๫ʱʵڳ鲻ʱ䡭
ŵûж룬Ҳ⡣
Ϊĸһ涼飬ȱȽǣ￴ѾϰΪ
ڴģɲֵó̵顣
˼עТ飬ҲȲΪĸգԱһ;ϾߵͷˣϷ˲ĸײȥֻ񲻺ϣҲʲôغ
뵽һ飬˵ϣƺҲûпĸˡ
統Ϸ˵ŮУֻ˹һˣŵӵģ־òʣһĳЩ£һô죿
ܼЦЦ˵ү֪ʮǰδ˺η˾ͷֵˣԺη˾뿪˳
ŵԭΪĸѾȥˣû뵽˸ˡ
ʮǰӽҲʮ꣬˵ԼһɳĹУûиܹĸ
ѹûһŮζ
ҲܹСȱĸԼˣƺҲǲ̫ŮദĴͳϸ󡭡뵽ŵɵе
ŵһЩô˵Ҳһǳõͯꡣ
ܼһ·ҪͨѯһЩμҵ⣬ŵܼҿе֪һֻʣŵӣߣûʲôݣĸǱߣƺҲѾ˶Ͼˡ
ܼЩп˵˹֮үҲûңԺ󣬻Ҫү֦ɢҶүٷ
үүųġ
ѽԼҵһӣүٷз֮ȴûз֮ʵϡ
ܼ仰ŵûнӡ
飬Ҫиģӣû쵽̶ֳȡ
ܿ쵽˳á
ȻգüӰǣһɾʮ㣬һðµٺ»һ겻ϢС
ǲܵģ˵ˣֺ£ҪȵһΣҪһˣҶһƫеİţҲʾ֧֣Ϊ˸Ըٺ»һˡ
ЩԸģİŻؼˡ
ûʱŵʹеİӡ
ûذҪ߼Сӣֻһ졣
һŹŵٴο򳤰ʵվֻ⼸С𣿡
ЩΣ˵ýճİӣˣû˱죬Ӧûаˡ
նڹٸǱηġ
ԩòٸգԸ̤ôš
ŵüͷ΢΢𣬽ûаҲͰˣδ춼ûУһһ죬ĵ
вУʲô
˼Ƭ̺Ժðһ뷨
һӺ
ͷ·İգһֵ顣
õĹٲһųڴſڣϰűīֽ⣬һλģˣ˶ڳ
һĻ·˵ĽŲ֪Щүһ
ɻ첻ŴŶǹŵģôˣ
ɻ䣬ֻһ۴߳
ߵϣȺ׷˱ܣֻɤӣһƿһ߹·Ҫ˽չϰд״ʱһ죬ʧʧԩԩûԩ
ۺ첱Ӵ֣Χ˿һһ㶡
˻һӣֳ滹ǵһμ
ٸУӦǷǳĵطôú¥ͣгһ
̧ͷһſڵңǳã
֮⣬Ľš
֮ڣŵվź󣬹۲
ǰϰʱ򣬷Ժٰ»ĻͥõշͬʱҲܰʵ⣬˵ڵһº
ĵİգ飬ƺûôߡ
ѵӽ£̣̩񰲣հҵԩꣿ
ŵԵĳܼˣۣ˵ȥϳȻ١


32 µس
õſڣȻѾӣߺȣϾͷһؼ飬ȺֻԶԶΧۣûǰԩ
ʱӰȺм
׳˶ӣһ˾һ˵죬ŭǷǮҴңץȥ٣
ֻǺǷǮ֮ſڵĳǰдһ״һλĹӴ߳״ѯ˼䣬˵ǷծǮ쾭壬ǷǮŹծٻǷʮЧȣԾܲǮȣŻҲծҲⲻ֮࡭
ֻ̻Ƥ֮࣬̿ɾ˽ˣǷǮ֮˱ŵɫѸٴӻȡһǺӣ۽ſڵʯʨϣƨϳ˼ʮ£˿޵Χ۵İգȴԽԽ
ǡİ
ۼİ׷Ƿӣǣ׮ӵ뿪Щ˿ʼ
ʱźãһƨɣȴԾϲЦտĿеһӣΧ˿ı飬ҲĽ
ʮƨɣͿԵõʮӣԸ챻顣
һûģ˶
Сӣð
ò˵λӻ죬ɱȸ˻ǰ;ҲǮ;λҪ˾ͺˡ
¿ͷѣſڵİջڹ˶˹ȺԱɧңĳһ̣һλ߳Ⱥԥԥǰ
һɫ̰ӣ¡
ŵλЩӵĸˣĿ˵λ㣬㲻Ҫ£ʲôԩǶΪֹġ
ƺλιӵЦݸȾ˵ɫָЩСĵߣӣ¶һƬϣ˵ңҼ๫Ǵңܹܲܣ
ŵܣȻܣˣӣλ
Ȼûмұ֮䣬ǵŹ˫ĻŹĻϣм̻߼̡
ŵۣ⸾˵ĵַɷʻ
ȴʱ˸⸾˷һ裬ϸѯϸڣϵ˿ڡ
ϵ˿ڣˣҲϸС˿ڣ֮⣬Ҳһš
Ǹ˼ҾòԶյĹ۾ʹһݵſڡ
ŵָָӣʸ˵ɷ𣿡
˵˵ͷ
·ϣѾ˵Լӽ浽˹ٸȻŭҲҷֻ˵ˣǷ޵飬Ҳְܲɡ
ŵƳһۣ˵Ǽǵļ£ţŵ飬ֻ㣬ϵˣǲģ
Сӣɡһ񲻾ٹٲɷľŹ⸾ѡٸܲš
Ѿ浽˹ٸͲǵļˡ
Ӻݺݵĵ˸һۣŵʱ˵ˣԺҲˣ
ŵ˰֣˵֪ˣαصɡߣʮ˼Źߣʮ۳ݣȱߣͽһ꣬Źޣָʹ϶ദˣһݣʮͽһ꣬ɷ
Ӵ㶵վԭأûӦʱǸȴѾżˣæ˵ˣˣҼ๫ɲΰ
ŵĿʵҪô
˽ŵ˵ֻҪԺٴҾˡ
ʵֻùٸѵѵɷûλ˾ȻеôأԼǿҪһΣһô
뵽ֺһ£̵ˣҼ๫ɣҲˣˡ
ŵǿˣǱ⸾ﻹɷ
ôһ˲䣬ȻЩĽ
ּһҲȢţ۰
Լӱ˵ˡ
ŵһ˳ۣ˻֣˵˵͸棬˵Ͳ棬ǵʲôطˣЩٲջҪΪԩǱôǲ𣿡
˹ڵأͷ񸾲ɷˡ
ŵ˷˵ǿȻ˵棬ͽ̣ͽ̿⣬ǵʮ̣գʾͽ䣬պٷһȡ
Ϊɹߣо⸾̫ȴҲǵվĽǶȿǡ
ΪִߣҪȨڰ֮ϵĸоҪϵΪȺ⡣
ԣмлˣлˡ
Ҳ˿̵л飬С˷ģԺҲˡ
ŵ˻֣۽ȥддʡ
Ѿˡ䡷ĹɣֻҪȲİӣԼдддʶӰ취жڵŵ̫ò֡
Ƭ̺ŵ۷䣬Ȼһ㶡
ղǼұӵĻ񣬾Ȼŵġ
⡣
⼸죬ŵ˲ٰӣϵĻҲӹҳ֮ǰ֣ԱⰸĴһǵĻ񣬶ǻҰģһͻ᳹ʧûбϿɵĳ
ұ⼸ΨһһŵĻ
䡷Ǻ޵ģ˵ĳ棬Ź֮
ǧһһˮƽ
Ҫǲóָֻʲô鷳


33 Ϊ
ŵһ⣬⸾˺Ť˵Ҽ๫Ƿÿ϶Ҫٰʱʱһʱ
ڣڳ˶һ𾪡
һʱ
ֻвһӣӵǣ󲻵ʱһʱʲôˮƽǸոջʮֱŵļһȴȻ𾴡
С
ŵȻӶǴУҲ֪һʱζʲô
ʮУг״Ԫ
Ϊˣȥο˿Ǽһû뵽֮£Ȼôǿ
ȻΧ۵Ĳֹŵһ
ˣܺͼۣΧӵηſڣСĺ˵ʲôŵƽﶼЩʲôûʲôϡ
ŵûкͬۡ
Ϊá
ܶԷʲôسֻҪϵĻţͬس
Ȼسڵ˵ûʲôá
պܻõġ
ǼұӹؽΣΪտһͷ֮⣬õһõسŵá
·ĳηʱŵŲ΢΢һ١
תͷһηеӰЩɻϴηʱҧгݵôˣ
ŮһۣĿЩӣܿƿߡ
ŵȻΪʲôԼĿһ֮󣬾߳˴ΣʱſڵĳԣѾаŶˡ
ŵĲ²ȷģõİӲ࣬Ϊӽº̣հҵԩꡣ
ԭǰնԹٸĳֿ־˾һСľףҪôԼҪô³ԵСҲԸ߽ŵĴš
˵ڷ⽨ˣִͨˣҲûʶû÷άԼȨ档
һˡ
ǲ߽ţŵŰ˳ڿĽͷ참˱˴֮ľ룬Ҳ˰նԹٸĽԽԽ˿ʼŶӡ
ȻߵİҲʲô󰸡
൱һ֣Ƕ˶ϣſ԰æѰңСʧ԰ʵƵĸʺСŵһ¼һԺץС͵Ҳ֪ͨǡ
ְֳİӣֻһС֡
һС֣Ҳ漰ãأƲЩϢϢص¾ףش°һûС
ŵ̰ٳɶĵЩСջҲѷɫذÿΪæ緹ǼӶԸġ
ŵͳˣ˿̫ѾҪɽɻаŶӡ
Ȼмŵȴܳʵ
ԭϳŵʱʣ¶ʮ죬Ѿӵʮˡ
˵һµʱ䣬ɺ̣ܶÿ춼һδڵĸо
һ׮ծһλͷ׵ϸˣΡΡ͵عŵǰߵүΪŮ
ŵæϸ˷˵˼ʲôԩ飬˵
ϸ˵ĳ֣ȺҲʼ
ǳ´
´ôˣ
İӿɲһҪܰĻͰˣαصȵ졭
´Ҳ̫ˣŮһ˼ңȴ˸̣ˣõ˼ҲףôõĹôˡ


ϸ˿޸ͣ˵Ҳ϶ģ塣
ʱ¼λ飬Сŵ˵ӣ¹˽⣬ǰλ˼ҵŮǿˣ¾Ҫף֪飬ԭõ˼Ҳףǹܲ˴ˡ
ŵüͷ΢ʵôİӣòܣ
ҡҡͷ˵ܲ˰ǰˣǼӣû֤֤Զο֮ˣǲ𡭡
ŵܣҡҡͷ˫һ̯˵Ҳ֪ⲻ¹ٵ£¹ٵŸոһ£һĸɵġ
ɲΪǰαںڹһʱƲԼĹϵ
ŵ飬ʵʲôݣ
˾еĶӡ
ĵĹƣƴкܶ಻ͬŵŸոտʼ˽⣬ʵУְܸ𣿡
ܿһۣаеĹְ߲ߣ˭ˡ
ʹ󲿷ֹԱȣǵ
ȣ϶ѡ
еĹְ̫ߣƷԼ൱֮һ˾¹ԱˣԱǨߴֵĽ飬˿˾һ֣ǵﲻġ
˵Լֱ˾ڿʱһСЬȴ˳ֵ飬˲ϸĹְ͵ý֮겻ϸ꽵겻ϸֱժɴӴ¼á
ˣƷµĹԱûмԸ￼˾ġ
һŵ˵У˾٣ְƷƹܴƷ¹Աˣһ̶ϣܹӰƷ¹ԱǨ
ƷĹԱͳְͬǲˡ
ƫԶһĵطƷֻ죬ɱᡣ
ӽ£ƷԱĶӣļ̤ɷ
ŵܣʵӣòҹܣ
ܺε˵˵У¹ڣûһģ˰ѴҲڸҲҹܣǴ˰Ѿ꣬ȡ֤ԼϣѸ
Щ飬ŵȻ
˵ҲǸ⡣
еĶӣûֻҪץ䡷ġ
ڣ˲֪ĴڣŵҲܸն
Էô˵Ҳǳ͢ԱĶӣ˵ŵ޹ְҪץУҲý֤ݣΪΪ
ԭӦ
˰֮ȡ֤ŵܣʵһγģ֤𣿡
ҡҡͷ²ܡ
ŵʵΪʲôڳ
ܵˡ
һγնڷͷӦòˡ
ҪûԼҲ⡭


34 ûѣ
ŵЩΡ
ǰγҪ֤ˣ˰͸ˡ
ŵ̧ܼͷ˿ɫƵ̾˿
һˣүʲôʱŻؼأͶˣеĳӣһϳʲô˶ˣȴֻɵȡ
ĳһ̣̲סСʵүҪ𣿡
ŵһĵļʵˣܼҵӣô²𣿡
Ҳ飬ŵȻ£ԼͲ벻ˣܴеõκκôҲΪλ˼һ
ܼЦŰ˰֣˵ô鷳
Զ֣һλŵӵĻɷ»СܹʵܹܣʲôԸ
ܼҵȥиϣһӰǰǲǿһ
ʵȻأ
ܼҰ˰֣˵ûȻͻɡ
ɵ˵ͷĳ񱼶ȥܿʧŵ֮ڡ
ŵܼңʵˣ
ܼЦүԵƬ̡
ŵ֪«ʲôҩ컹һЩҪȽϸ뵽һϢİӣţʵڲеĻȥҸףԴµֶΣӦòѡ
ܼܿңΪĬ

Щ˵Уƽͬϡ
ڱУϡ
ʱĳŸۡھһʢļ硣
˾ƹܴľųϹԱˣΪ˾Уƽ﹫ǼΪæģҲˣŽտķǳҪÿգеĹ񣬷ԡˡ
˶ֵܺһͬΨһЩźǣԼֻһӡ
ΪʵӦöӡ
ӻ֮ʱ̥¶֮󣬱Ҳ޷ЩҲûж檵ͷ
΢Ϊ˹飬ÿΪ֯æԼ᲻óԴ׬ȫϣôģ
ǻһӣȻСĸ׽ߣĹ֮ܽ£ûкһ䣬޵ڶѧҵҲģʱͨƾ٣Ϊ˾еܱ֤;ǡ
ǲͨƾ٣ڴµļҵҲܱһٻ
Եһ룬쿴׵ˣʵԺĿҵô
ڳԷ˼˵ȣǰ
˵ͷ˵Ժúö飬㲻ܾͨȫҲҪóһƣƲܹڱʱֻҪͨƾ٣ֻǽʿĩλҲܱʮڴӾƷƷ
пеĸڳУһٳضƽƣͷǣʱһ˴Ҵ߽˵үղ⣬˵иҪү
콫Ĳ˷£ʵ⣬ʲô⣿
˿˿ϵˣֹ
쿴һۣ˵ûˣʲôֱ˵
ԥһ˲˵үӣӰǰǲǿһ
һ㶣¶ŭɫ˵ǸϲģûûǰɣǴβǾƺ嶯˶ѣƽŮѹվǰҶһۡ
ݣȱŮˣֻЩģǧѹĲлǱĿŵĻŮˣôϣǴκȾͷһʱҪҵζû뵽ºȴ˦鷳¡
ס죬ǳĻһۣˣʵĸŵģã̲
֮ǰΪ飬ӹڷ䣬ա
鷣ΪףҲĿŶӵǰ;Ӱ졣
ǿ°֮ƾٵУҲӰպǨ
ǿ˾УЩΪ
ܹģҲǳú̲֮ǰĳΪҹ汣֤ʲô̲ǱߣҲкˣ˺꣬û顣
ѵεĳ
λ̫°
ţ˿ڵ˵Ǵ丮ġ
ણ
磬Ȼϡ
ž꣡
֮ڣһء
Ƭ̺ҡ
ɫҰףڵϣȣһҪȾҰ
һλŻĸˣҲץ֣ʣ˵үǾֻһӣɲܶܣҪʲô飬Ҳˣ
ɫͬ԰ףΪһ֮ǿ˵ڼȥݷüλˡ
Ƭ̺ҴҴӺ߳ݷ˸š
Щ̲ģҲо׸ġ
ƽǴҪԼϥЦӭˣ̬ŵĺܵ͡
һϲȵڽУԭǹ͵ţˣ
ôˣ죬ȥصĺòó
쳤˵żɽʵȮһ鷳
˷ģҵ飬ˣҪ˶ġ
ΪɵİӰСС£һȥ֪һ

Ȼϸ֮Щȴڷͻ䡣
ʲô˰ˣ
ˣ飬ٿ°ﲻˡ
ҼҴ˲ˣʵǲܼ͡
ˣҼҴ˵ڡ
ͿͿͣ

ʧǵڽϣЩƽϥĹԱЩֵƵͬţЦӭ˵˰漰º󣬶׷ױɫûһλԸԮ֣ǵļŶ޷̤롣
գԥã߽һš
ŷ˵⣬ʱһλŵߵԺУɫ԰ף龪죬ɻʵУôˣ
첽ǰץסӵ֣˵ɣһҪȾҰ
֣˵żʲô˵Ҷĺѣ£Թۣ
һ̣콲ԭίӴ󾪵ʲôǿŮˣ
˵ͷ˵´ˣҪҰ
һߡ
ȾȾȣȸƨ
ĹԱûģ±ϣ˵ġ
ʲôˣ

ϵİӣ˭֣
ֿ֣ͷͷ
ӺԥĻӿ֣ᶨ˵Ҷʮ꽻飬һϣڿʼûѣ


35 
ӻؾĺܹϣΪɣְƷȻôľΪȨ˽ף춯Ļ᣿
ɴ˵Ļһȥ
λѣɻ̲ס˵͵ãǵǳã̲ʹ£øôþôã㣬鳯͢ȫҲǹٹŻɼңܲһΪ𡭡
лָ㡭
Ĭã˱ȭתȥ
һ̣棬ʲôˣ·˲˶ʮꡣ
߳ŵʱ̧ͷ˿˿ȻѾҪ䣬ɱϴûһ˿ɫ
ʮˣ죬ô
ǵúʮǰԺڶͬţڳͷʾʹʱĳΪٲʣʱô
һζʮȥˡ
һ̣һ˿⡣
΢ѧ֮·֪˶ٿ࣬˶Ϊʦָ̣ۺֻΪõһָ㣬òױԺУƸȡ룬ͬţ޲Ȩٻ֮ңСʦ̵ǵλ磬ʳȨһپǮһ궼׬Ŀ
Ȼ֮󣬱ʱҲδҡ
£һƾ٣ʮӱһٸнʿнʿ𲽱Ʒ˺ʮ꣬һԶ볤ƷС٣һһߵڵλãĪ˵ͬţǵĸ汲ʱҲҪһˡ
ʮ䣬õ࣬Ҳʧȥࡣ
룬һǴʲôʱʼıģǵһܻ¸ʱ򣬵һȨı˽ʱ򣬻ǵһ̰Ϊ;·ʱ򡭡
ʱ̫ãǲ̫ˡ
ͷһۣųصĲȥӰԵø
˿̣ɸϣ뿪ķĿиֳЩ׷䣬ҡͷ찡죬ڴˣڴ˰
һ˴Ӻ߳˵ףѧϰɡ常ƷԱĶӣУ಻ͽ꣬Ϊβⷣأͽ꣬ҲҲò

˳˳ǣ˵Ը콻ᣬǹ־裬һп棬ҪҲѴ
˲޵޷죬ɷټĳ͢ѵû˹𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ǰܣЩ˶ˣţû˸ҹˡ
д
͵ػ˻䣬һⲲݣһҪúö飬Ϊ٣պҪΪգΪ͢ɱⲣһ졭
δ˵꣬ԴϾͰ˺ݺһ¡
ԴҸʲô
죬죡ѥӣһ߳һŭ֪ߵغĶӶǵǣҪˡ
ҡ
֮ڣϣһվߣ˵õģѹ㷺кܶ󳼶ӣһа취ģ
ɫ΢˵㣬ʱ֮⣬һĽŲ
˻ͷȥæϲǰ֣ʵүôˡ
䣬Ͼͳ𾪣ү㣬ͷ
үʮֵ꣬׳꣬ǰͷһ׷˿ȴѾ˴룬˿ȥҲࡣ
ȥһʱȴǹȥ˶ʮꡣ
Ҳվߵǰͷİ׷촽˲ѿڵ
ϸֳһ˿Цļ˵Ӳ̣֮ǵԲ㡣
ѾʲôɫȻɲ԰ףȴû˸ղŵĻźη塣
Ÿ͵ͷİ׷һʶҲˡ
ﾭʱ飬Ǹﶥأһ֮ҴƫԶɽ˼ңɳţܵĸףҲˡ
һ̣ûжδĿ־壬ֻжԸ׵ʹ
֣︸޼ҷҡͷ˵ǺФøʧˣµĴԼеײҪ𡭡

ͷŵʰ
ΧѾΧ˰ա
ǻǵһμְѹðᵽϣ󰸣еʽȤֺ͹ٸӴĻᣬʲôʱС
ĳһ̣һɧӰȺм˳
ǰģǸղȥĻɡ
Ȼŵǻɣʵı»
󣬻Ӱ
λһλŻˣ͸һ־þӸλĹͷ׷ȥЩʧǡ
ұһλһˣŶʮͷͣüƣɫͬܲ԰ףľȻ͡
ӣ£
˵һ䣬˻ء


36 ˶
͵֮ĿһۣתߣͷҲأƺ˲Ķһ
Ҳ̬ȡ
ôˡ
ʱΧ۵İҲѾը˹
ղǸˣѵǿУ
ղ˵˾о
ȻİѶˣ
Ϊʲô

ǰ˼⣬˵Ǹ׵ˣڰǰĶӾͱٸˣȵգôĳһ飬öӹԹԷˣ
ѵ˵λµˣкĺ̨
ŵܸо֮ôɴ࣬ӦԼ׵ԭ
ϾֻƷ٣䣬ȴƷԱ
ٴһѹˣƷƷ֮䣬ļο¾ƹɵġ
ڴģƷ˵λ˳ˣƷ滹жƷһƷǰƷԶʵ壬ְƷĴԱ飬䣬Ȩĳ֧˻ʵۣû˿Ǵǡ
ŵ⼸СɡаʱʱѾ÷ˡ
ɡй涨ͨߣŮͽһ룬з֮ͨ飬ͽ꣬ǿټһȣҲͽ̡
ĶǿзǽģҲͽ̣ںͬ𲽣̡
ӣһж۵ŮΪܲ˴񲣬غģڴɷĲУԴش
ŵ󣬾дһ٣ͽ꣬⳥ܺһ
УͽǻзһɷΧڵļ̣һ⳥ǹԱڰʵĶöڴɷķΧڣŵͳѾе˼¡
յȺ鼤ߣ˶ڴſ
ǲܵģ̷ֻɷ涨ķΧ֮з˷ΧзЧᱻ̲ʹ´ΥзĹԱҲҪܵ
ѾˣһĶ⳥Ծ̶ֵܾ̲
ӣӦòô
ͽҪ̲˺ʩУ̲ãкоɿ˰סӣһϣ쵱ʩС
ῴȴܿصļȥһûпԡ
ŵȣܼĿҲֳһ˿ɫ˵츳֮䣬ϢҾȻ壬Ҳе
ŵ̵ᣬܼ˵ڶڶֽϢڲĳΣܹ壬Ϣ壬ͨȸá
ŵ̾Ĳв츳ȴһûС
̵Ĳû֣ڲϢ£Ҳѿס
ʼգȻһԣβͺѾѪģ
Χ۵İգҲĿһĻһŴֲͷҵŮӣվȺУĿһĻϵɵЦʧȡǱߣⱯ𽥱ɿ⣬ܵϸǰ£ʧ޵
ͷҵŮӣǴ˰ܺߣᱻʹƺٴܵ˴̼ȻָǣҲһοĺ¡
ϸ˱ŮĿǰһĻ
֪˶ţĥ˶ЬӣûΪŮһ
Ѿտſڹ󰸣ҲǱһ˿ϣû뵽ǣǸȻıˣ
Ů͵عλĹǰһߵһߵллүллү
ү
ү

Χ۵İգҲʼź
ŵȻ黹㵭ǵһ˿΢Цôѹס
һλ˵ʲôǱȵõĸлгɾ͸еأ
ְҵⲻˣү⼸֣Էɹζʲô
Ͽɡ
Ҳѧϰɵĳġ
ȨԽԽ󣬵λԽԽߣܶʧȥųģ⼸ʱҲһЩԭļ¶
վŵ󣬲֪ʲô¶Щпı顣
̧ܼͷ죬ڸΡ
Ⱥ֮μ˾վߴˣǵӰ֮ϣͣá
յĻ춯أôεķˣС
Ů̧ͷ͸խĴһۣŴ磬淢ʲôˣ
Ц˵أ˵ĸеĶӣһŮӣû˸ҹܣ֪Ժ󣬵ͰץţոմһȣһӦþ͹ˡ
£һѪȾ죬̱һӰӽһη
ŮŶηǵȥӰԺһ˵ӣ¶Щ⣬ɵսȭͷָݽ

ſڡ
̫ѾɽɫҲȫİ
ʹŵаδͼҲæһ죬컹Ҫϰ࣬ŵֻýͣŶӵİգǽ̫ˣȵ
ϸĸŮʱסš
һһӵ⳥ûиûǵ˰ȫ˽ᡣ
úãոջصŵŴ£пֿ֮࣬ܣĵʵǿ˾УүԺ᲻үСЬ
ᳶ˳ǣģûٴСЬˡ
ǳĵˡ
Ҳˡ
һڹԱûµģµҪ
ô£ֻ֪챣ӡ
ĻӦҹǹٸϡ
ҪȻʱ䶪ģɾͲĹñԴ
ǰֲû
뵽յȳԼſڵ֣̾˵еæˡ
ʱæһ죬ϣŵ˷һۣһϾд𾪡
ֻܿġ䡷ǰ
Ϥ׭֡
ŵ
ʮա
ŵϸ۾ȷûпϵֵȷǡʮ
ǵú֮ǰʣʮһա
ľ飬ᱻдͽ̣Ӧøʮһʮȴʮһ죬졣
ŵ۷Ļ
ġ
˵ûʲô˵ĳ
ȴ˸Ԫ
ӵѵ˶죿


37 ನ
ŵ˼⡣
־ò֣֮ǰץķˣЩûбͨˣΪûУ᲻ǳ͢ٵĶӣҲǵڶߣ˵֮ǰЩС֣ô˵ҲСboss
Ѷȣ֮ǰķ˴ˣľһҲܺ
뷨У֮ͬ
еķ˵λԽߣԽΪٶȾԽ죬ǿ޵ͨˣѾܸǴʵϵὫĿϡ
ŵиССĲ²⡣
ͨ˱дͽֻ̣Ϊ򲻼ӣҪۼơ
ǵڶߣͽ̼һȣʮһ죬ͽ̵࣬ӵ᲻Ǹݷ˵ʵ͵λģͨûмӳɣһڶıԴơ
ô߾Է˱
һֻ̣ͨʮ졣
ٵĹһ߾ǿ̣Ӱʮ죬£ƺܶ࣬ʵϸͻرȫȡ
߾Ѿʥľˣ˭ܰʥץ̣
˵߾ܡ
ִڣһ˿һ֧С;ӡ
ǵ徳ǳưһȻȻһǿ֧ţܹ׵׺ͷ֮ϡĿǰһжֻŵĲ²⣬ôӵģץЩǿ߲֪
ˣŵ˵ȻһϢ
ı屶Ϸֿ˭Ҫץľɱ˷ˣӼͿԵɿÿ춼ôƴ
æһ죬ûüʲôղаʱ򻹲ʲôˣоֶڻصң˾Ѿ׼ˣŵֻ˰Ƿð׷ƽʱ㡣
ǺμһԵģҲûʲô˵
ŵҲû˼˵۾ˣеԵĸǷƤԽԽأϵĶҲԽԽԽԽ
Ƭ̺μ˿ſڷ֮ϣϻżǼȴѾȺŵ΢΢ҡҡͷ߹ȥժϵȻᱧ߽߳һСԺ
ŵķ֮ڣμ˽ڴϣֻ̧֣ЬԶѵİڷڵϣõĽҲԼ򿪣ĸŵϡ
μվڴߣĿһȻתȥ
ŷš֨ѽһϣٴλָƽ
ʱĳЩУȴƽ
ʱ򣬳ǰֳĶСסڸһЩԱȨø˳Ŵ󣬺ܿ͵֪ȥ
еĶӣΪɷץˣųյ棬һȣͽ̡
ƷĹְ̫ߣҲˣմɷƷĹԱԼУӻ߹ְֱϵҲ
ͽ̶ѣҲӵ飬˵ӣʲô
ȴûѡӸӵǴףԽΨһĶ͵ãɹٸ䣬ͷԡ
ˣһЩϢͨĹԱǴСϤڴӳûȥ֮󣬾̵ͼۼڳĵ̣լӵȣһҹɵݽӣǹٻ磬֮ǰмҲ⡭
͸˲ˡ
еĹְȻǺܸߣеȨȴʵСֱ׳꣬念òײλãδиһĿܣԵ޹ʵĴǹٸʲôҪǹ٣ҲؼҲȥ
ΪһΪͷԡ
кúõģǸʲô
С£ڰɣ
бԵɣ
̽̽
ú˴˸ĻϢ
ȻĻȴ𾪡
ʲô˳ֵģ
ˣˣһϵոг˴Աοֵˣӣֻһͷ
Ҫ׻һϵ
γֵĲǴ£ǳãĪǣĳѾͶͶ˴
⻹˵ȻһССĳ𿼹˾У
ѹҪǹپΪ˱
λµĳСﰡ
ǣ£ֶһ

еĴǹ٣ڳϲȦУСΧķ籩
Ͽֻһ׮СӣȴλӵĽ档
Ϊһ۰ĳЩ棬ŵƣϵУЩԺõĹԱãһ㣬ץѱк³
бۣҲΪԱ˾ӡ
֪жٹԱҹѼãǧҪ֮Ϊ䡣
һЩйģҲڵһʱ䣬ϢˣǾҲãҲգֵ֮ϡ
ʱ
ҹĳ鷿ҡҷ
ܼվǰ˵ͽ԰үڳſڣŰյ棬һȣͽ̡
˵꣬̽ʵūˣ᲻ӵү鷳
ŵһڲˮ˵޷ޱǣһ첻࣬һ첻١
ܼ룬˵ǰӣү³ôĿ϶ģϴү̣᲻ڱָʹūʹŮ̿ͣʲôҲ֪ҪҪЩֶΡ
˰֣˵Ҳʲôۼöһ١
ʵү춼ʲôˣ
үܼεүһȥãڲŻΪаνǷʳūҪ޷ˡ
ү޷ҵľģԶҪ
ȥĽүףүŻ

ֻЦЦ޷ޣްɡ
ֱܼ뿪䣬Żߵǰϵһ£̾˿гź찡


38 ղ˶
ŵһ˯ú㡣
˯㣬˯ԺŵԼ϶ġ
ѾϴƷŵ˿⣬ɫѾ˳ʵʲôʱˡ
һӤʵСѾ߻صүոչʱ
ʱŵ㵽ʮһ֮䣬ŵǵʲôʱ˯ģ϶Ͼŵ㣬һ˯ʮСʱϡ
ϸһ£Էʱ˯ˣôطϴĶ֪
ŵôŬĻ룬ûѰһصļ䡣
벻ͲˣʮСʱûԶֶˣΪȻһ˳Ե緹Ҳ֪ȥŵѾϰײβ
Ѹٽ緹ŵٴδܼңֱá
ϣܼһ߸ϳһ߳̾
ŵƿʵôˣ
ܼ̾ʵүǲ޷ңȥва
ŵƳһۣ޷ң޷ҵ
˲翿Լ׵ĳô࣬Ŭǿ˵ͻܵǣ
οȥ󰸣Ȳ׵ĳҳ֣Լͱˡ
Ȼ˵ҵǴ䣬޷ҲǺ㲻ðգͶƣһ𡭡

ܼû˵ʲôֻǳ̾˿
Ƭ̺ŵãոͲһ㶡
һ֧Ķ飬ӹſڣֱŵ˴ϣãҲг
ܿŵʶе뵱Ȼˡ
κ飬̲
ްУв
ÿеľһЩСӡСףİ࣬ȴӼëƤͨڽǣҪС
еռùԴˡ
ְܶ࣬а֮һЩС¶ҪԴܻæ
ԣȶ԰ɸѡǺбҪġ
ڿһĻټеĲۣڹŶӵİ쵽棬ڿĽֵϻһƬ򣬸ݰֱ߰вͬİš
ЩҪһİӣͽǴ⣬˳ȴá
󲿷СľףûҪϹãŵͥ⵱⡣
̶һӣղŻһƬҵã̱ľ
ŵɸ̾ѹֻһС٣ǰ滹Ҫһ˼ȴҪѧϰģкܶࡣ
֮ϣܶŵӣ¹ٽҪһˣȥ帧¹ѣߣ鷳ˡ
ŵܵûةξ⼸ôûǣ
ǴҪһã˵һةξΪĸ飬ةȥˣһǲ¶Գġ
̾˿
õȻةξֻ֮ǰѽͬˣ˫˫٣ֵܾ񣬾Ҫһ
ȻƷͣȴб֣Ҳ޿κΡ
߳ãһӰô߽á
ةܣֵ¶һ˿Цݣ߹ȥ˵ղ˿Щ㲰ǹæҲҪע塭
仰ƹģʵ򷴷
ξΪ٣ȴֵе飬Ҫһ˾֣ܲ
λˣѾˣûʲô֮ܳΪΪһŪˣλñȽҪиȡΪִݣ˭Ҳãձġ
ةԼһλģܵĿսֱ顣
λλõļһȻĵԹ
Ȼһة˵лŴ˹ġ
ةҪ˵ʲôȻڴľ΢΢һ֮¶ɫüͷʵ֮У˭󰸣
ãʸöϰģֻˡ
ةԼξУξҪϰþܵ׿ϡ
֮ǰżξվôڹ󰸵˭
ةߵ棬̽ͷһۣλϵģһˣ̫ãĳ࣬ܵĶӣϿڹ϶ϰˣӦþǸԺĶӡ
ðץİѱأԼˡ
Ӳһ޹ְʲôʸڹ󰸣
ةһԺڰպ۵棬ѵˣٲŲüգͽøׯµţŪĲгһɺͳˣ㾹ȻΥ͢޹ְԽϰΪǰƧﻹûûзȣûг͢һҪһ
ֻƳһۣʲôҲû˵תá
ةͦţǵĻѹѹס
ܰܣĴǳǾ㻹ΪСطãƾһֻ죬ΪΪʲô͸ʲô
Ҫص÷дһⵯܵ£۵˽ĶС
˵𣬿дǹˣ
˿һ£Ͱ⵹˿Уҿɻǵãǰˣڿǰͷģһ
Ǻǣʲô˵ı󣬿Ǵ䣡
˭˵ģ
㲻֪⼸аĹӣǴ˵ĶӣӺ˵Ľ飬˭֪Է˼
˵˻һ¥ʲô顭

ة˲ǽվȡ
ͷףȻ˿̣һˮͷ£ͷš

ľȻô
ةǣǰγôģһλƷ٣һֻϡ
ˡ
Ǵ䣬л˾ܵ
ܵӸյȥڶ͵ڴµ
뵽£úÿ񱼶ȥ
úãĳ䡣
ڻ·׼Ÿڹ¹ѣʱһӰײײĴ洳
ΪǷˣͷȥŷة
üͷʵŵģ
ͨ
ة˫ϥһڵϣȣһѱһ˵ˣղ˶࣬¹ٴˣ¹ٸˣӽ¹ô¹پôʹ˲С˹¹һΰɣ


39 һǵٳһǵ
緹ŵóԵġ
죬緹ԵģΪķ˻ңպ˼ڰӡ
ɳԵĽӡ
˰ӵһĴһζ
ҵĴʳңķˣɫζȫһëֻһּҳķζʱһ˿ζҪġ
ŵ˿ܣɻʵ˽첻йҪ𣿡
ܼһֻӣ˵ŶղةˣԸҪȥ汾ٸ¹ѣֲȥˡ
ةղŹڵϣĴȣһѱһᣬԼӦͲ֮£ֻȥˡ
Ӧø˲Ŷԡ
ȴô˲
ŵڴᣬﲻԣֱղةһ̬ǰŹԼܲź֪ʶˣ
߹ˣ
ǣκαΪǡ
˵Щ죬ŵ󰸣ԼǰԷһ
տֽ׶͵ҹǹپټ뿪˭վھ˵ĽǶȣԼͶ˴䡣
ĳã۸ӣλãּУǲܶȻģҪվӵѡ
д˾
û뵽ûѡ˾ѡˡ

뵽λ˵ķܳ̾˿һΣƺӶϴˡ

ʱθĽķĿͷ׵ߣҲɵ̾˿вĻɡ
һѧѵĲһɵӣ
ĿѾǡ㾭С̡һѵĿ֮һˣһЩѧϰѧԺѧӣҲȫգСܼȷĴ𰸣ͷͷǵ
˵ˡ
û취ǽ̳ӵġ
¾¶Աȡ
ֻҪ΢һ㣬СͷʮǰǵĽһ
һŨŨĴܸС
Զμ˿񣬸顣
ǵ˼
ʮ֮ǰѧʱûѧ츳ۣμ˫̥Сѧ츳ʱμȣʵ
ڿѧᣬԼ̡
ʵӵˡ
ţûнµݣֻǸϰѧ֪ʶһһ仨䣬¼ĿʹҴȥ
ȻҲõĽĽҲУûʲôÿĵˡ
СµĿںڵת֪Щʲô
Ľ˼˵ƭŵ㽲ˣѾԼ˰ţƭˣ
һ㶣ʵʲôţ
һ塭
Ľ˵һ䣬Ȼգգ۾˵Ҷˣ㵱СӰƭţҾͲ㣬ԡ
ƤĶͷͷɿܿˡ
˫ֻмʲôưţ˭ϡأȥ褸硭
Ƭ̺θһԺӡ
褽Ŀڸһгɾ͸е𣿡
ҡҡͷ
üģЩͷۡ
ѧ⣬ôģҲǻ˺óʱŪʱʮˣ꣬ôҪѧôѵѧ
ʱ򣬻ڱžŸء
֮£ֻٽһ顣
𣿡

ܸö˰ɣ
ΪʲôҪأ
ѧôΪʲôô̵ģҲôˡ

Ѿȹ裬Ǿÿڸ
ͬʱҲһ飬򵥵ġ⣬ڵ˵̫ˣû취⡣
Ҳһ顣
褸Ľŵ粻һ
ŵѧʱ򣬾Ͳ褸ô˵ôΪʲôҪôԼ褸署ģء
֪һԼˡ
ĻҲϲĽһϲ˰ɣ
˼ߣ˼ҲϲǺ顣
ԴҲԼ档

뵽ЩڣѧŴ˵ӣƵ̾һ

á
ŵ磬ûеȵڲߡ
Լûʲôȴ˼ôһӰࡣ
Ӿ첻У컹УջѾˡ
ûذһʱ䣬Ҳۼջڵﵽʮ졣
֮ǰкܶŶӣԤǣδ죬¿
صҺŵĽѾڵˡ
ԣҲ
һҲͰˣ·ΣҵҶһŵɷֲ˭˭
Ҫ˶԰ţСȿ˵һ壡

ŵЩɵӣģģûһ˫ֵ̥ܣԼ˵ŵĵ
뵽ֻһĺӣŵҲδ˵ʲô
ŵʵ˽أ
ĽղŻڣ֪ȥˣŵ磬ٸҽòã
ŵӹݹСӣĿǶԪһηˣ󲻹ͼεڡ㾭УΪ⡣
εأٸҪȷȷĸ˰ڼֲصеҲѧˡһࡣ
㾭һУѧҪΣΣΣΣԲΣεȸͼļ㡣
Ľ⣬һɳΣΣƴĲͼΣֻҪͼεٽǼˣŵ˵ܼ򵥣Ľ㹫ʽ֪ŵôĿʼ̡
һѧãĽûӴЩǳǵ׳˸ߣҪһΪʲô
ŵֻôĸ𣬽˺ü飬òײĸ
ǵ׳˸ߵһ룬ֿʼΪʲôŵֻߣΣԼƵڸղųѾˣŵͼκԼ׾Ƶ
ȻΡ
˲˼ĽԼ⣬ŵ
Ȿѣһĺӽǲ׵ġ
ŵиոһССĳɾ͸УһССӰܽԺӣŵߵӰڸʲô
ŵ˿ſߵС˶ɵˡ
Ƭ̺Ľ˫ֲúɸֵŵû˵ʲôãɽϻԵģԵģôôأƭˣ


40 ɱ˵ˣ
˶˵һǵһǡ
ŵǳһǵٳһǵ
û뵽ŴС·ҲôһܹߵȽĴѧαһСŪڹ֮С
Ľɶ£һҲͲˣ˻С˵ˣ̫ƻǻһţ´ɱٱƭˡ
ŵ˵ûʲô
ֲСôΪϴβͻģûôС˵ˣҲѹǵǼ顣
ֻĽ⣬С֮侭ֵģԼĳ˹ϵãͲϣѺͶԷϵã޷׽öѡ
ϸ˼ŵһɡ
ĽһǺμһֵģԼҲϲĽҲǸˡ
ǺθѾһֻղѾ߲ˣһ˵ţҪȻŵҲһ㲻ɡ
ͬһѧĿκҵҲһĽͬǵģռȻŪ󣬸Ľ˸ˣŵֻðοȸһҲã㽲ʱ򣬾Ͳˡ
ĽŸСʵҺŵǲǺҸã
⣬ŵ˼˵ǵȻûԣҲû㽲òĿлл˵
Ľһˣܹôŵ绹ǺãȻǱ˵㣬ǶԼĺõġ
ŵ仰ҲȫĳڰοĹУܺܺõǵѧˮƽٸĽʱ򣬾ͲΪʲôˣŵĸĽʱķ
ԭ
û̹
ôĻˡ
ŵҪǽѧһѧ

μվһߣȻŵһۣĽĻͬ
ǰüѧѧʮһֱãѧѵĶ
ڣѧ
Ҳˡ
ĽƨŵЦЦû˵ʲô仰ʵţŵϾϵͳѧϰִѧģġ㾭еĿ˵ȫСƣƽʱԶͷ֡
Ľѧѽ㾭о͸ˣŵ̡
Ͼֻǽ˼ʮѧѣŵѧõķǺѧؼʦǻ۵ĽᾧӵϵͳͿѧƵǳ׶Ҳʺϵͯ
ĽѧĲŵţ٣Ǹ˹ŷһλѧʦ
ĽŪ⣬鶯Ĵ۾תתŵղˣҴƯƯġ
ڵŵû£Ҫģ˸ڣ˵аǰ췢ģԺֻܸױ硭
Ǻðɡ
ĽǺܶµģԲǿŵߵԺԼˡ
ŵоɡ⼸죬Ȼ˲ٰӣЩ°ֻСɡɡɡɡ֡
Щ⣬лйڱʵ۰ȫάȨ߾ȫġɡڹҹԱáѡΡְԼ̰ġְɡڱʿӵ˧ְء蹩Ӧġɡ
ЩȻҲڴɣڳõְȨΧŵ⼸첢δӴ
ְɡ֮ĳһʱŵһ¶ɻ֮ɫ
һйء̡ģν̣ýǮ̷
ÿһӣԼʮ̣һֻ̣ýʮӾͿ
Ҫһ㣬һֻܼһ̣һ̣һӿ⡣
ͽ̸һͽ̣Ҫһӡ
̺̣ǲġ
ȻҲʲô˶õķΧǹԱȨԼǵάŹ׼Ȩġ
ŵɻǣ˾Ʒ٣ְλѾˣĶӣҲ̰ķΧ֮ڣͽֻ̣ýӣͿȫ
ӣһƷ٣㲻ʲô
Ȼŵƽɷȷô涨ġ
ⲻϷ
Ϊʲôأ
ǲ֪
ŵΪԴɷûо͸̻ʲôƣòˣһϽķ˵⣬ŵܼҡ
ܼҴСܽʵүʲôԸ
ԸûʲôԸҿɡйУǿģȴûãǲʲôƣҲ֪ģ

̧ܼͷ죬үΪѵı顣
̵ȻûʲôƣҲҰ
ǰҲλԱú᷸ƵУλԱ̣Ϊһζû
ǣһºλԱչְҲ²鳭⣬ֱϵһжһȫնϵţŮΪ澡
Ժ󣬷Ǻʹ³Ϲϵİӣû˸ˡ
Σ˵ȫңˣЩԱǻǻġ
Ƭ̺ܼҵͷ˵̵Ȼǿõģ᲻óӣҲǿ˾ķ֣ӸүҪʵ֪Ҫūȥʣ
ŵ˰֣ˡ
ֻҪ֪ûƾˡ
ΨһĶӸձһȣͽ̣ȥ˼ҼʶδЩ̫ˡ
Ȼ˿̵ŵ֪һ;ټ뿪˳ѾȥլգֻһˣڳõĴڰ
ڶһ磬ŵԹ緹ϰࡣ
ã֡
Ļң򾮾
ŵѾſڵԼˣͬǰգԣվһλ󸹱㣬Źٷӡ
ŵӱӷ׵壬첽ǰһĵ¹ٳةӡ
ŵҲ΢΢ȭ΢Ц˵ԭة
һ䡰ةϰ£ĵòǳڣλӶ˵ܶ໵ɣҪȻô֪Լ
䣬һͣſڣһƿ߳
ſһƬң΢΢һ㶣üͷſڵܣ˵ˣٺةŲüգͽøׯµţŪĲгһ
ӻδ˵꣬ة̴ǰֹĻͷð亹˵˲£¹ٴӺ
ξһ£촽˶˵ʲôȴס죬ةݺݵĵһۣҧɱ˵ˡ


41 
ŵڳúüˣǵһμةξ
һ֮УΪ٣ةξΪ٣ְǸةΪȱλʱݴְ֮ξרƹܼò֮£൱ںع־ֳ
ŵǵãڹŴʱةƷܴξǲ֮ԶڸС٣ĴģƺΪƽȨةξƷ׶͡
ƷةƷξƷֱɳ͢⣬Ϊһ֮Ҳһ졣
˶ϥ̬ڷǰȻ˵Ҫ֮ŻةξҪ
ةξܾͲʲô鶼Ϊ
Ȱũɣɸ̡ۡ飬ةͣòۻξܻ˹ȥ϶ȫȨŵֻںúȺȲ裬΢Ѳӵɣȥ¥ȼЩŮӡ
ˣ򸴺
ֻϧ˵ڰб˼۸
ةξ֮ԱôԭģǲھԼھĴ䡣
ԣд䣿
˶ôΪģǻ͵ɣٿѱˡ
̾˿ʮʲô鶼Сǲ뱻ٳķ֮Уȴû뵽ջûܶù
ֻܰοԼǱվӣվҲȨĴ䣬̨֮ǰԼǾ԰ȫģȫڴĹٳߣǴպλҲд֮ƨɵµλӣп̧һ̧
ܸոջ·׼飬û߳ţͿξҴҵܽ˵ˣˣ
ξıεİӦòСܹ˲óˣҴҸǰá
ոܵǰãŵϵʬ壬תǽ£ոճȥõ緹ȫ˳
ԶһЩǽߣŵҲܡ
ոꡣ
ڵһ׮ף˵Ӷ˲ˣһʱ˳
ϾСӣʮҲֻһ죬ƻһ׮ʮ𲽣һټСӲŵֵһ׮
Ǹ߾ߣӵǿʮĻϷ֪ٱֱɡ
ŵľܳˡ
Ķ죬˵ľж졣
ڹʬ壬ӦȱչȻˮ˲֪ãֱǲҲ̶ã״ݣŵҲֹ°ֻǸУûгֳҵһĻӾ㽫ҹ³ˡ
ڳˣ󶼷ǽŻ£Ҳֻоϸװֳξһಶ컹վţ󲿷˵ɫҲܲ԰ס
Ƚʬ̧ͣʬãɫźЩ
ξʵô£
ξߵߣ˱ȭ˵λˣǽһ磬ǰӱߵʱһˮ巢ʬ壬¹ٿӦòǵһֳʬǱչˮ˺ܾã鲻ʱ䣬˵ʮһһ춼Ǵˮ崹ʱʬ廹ڣʬƲΪһһŮʱʮյʮ֮䡭
ŵʮӼ̣Ϊ촩Խġ
ʮţҲ˵ӦңԽ졣
ξ㱨߽ʬŮǰ˿ڣûͷ­пƽӦǰ˲ȥ׼ƲΪϢϵߣ¹ѾȥĴ߷ãûʧ˿ڡ
ڲ鰸׷ϣξרҵġ
Ҫƻһ׮װһҲҪһȷݡ
ֻȷݣܸǵ˼ʹϵһһŲ飬ȷһƷ
һȷҳ֣ŵ˵ͼ򵥶ˡ
ʬпֺпλ֣ܽץ鰸ΪһµŵԴ˳ڴ
һڴ졣
ռ䣬õĲദ߷ãȴλߵݶûȷ뽩֣û˿չ
ŵȻЩʧҲܹǡ
ʬǱǱݣһûͷûDNA⼼£ǵˣҲϲ
˵ľڵʮ֮һ㲻ˣնûн
Ȼûƣ죬ŵջҲСϴο֮һڰеĹ죬ŵԾϰټӣѾۻ˾ʮ졣
ǰ쵹ʱµʱ䣬һ
գŵǷŸ٣ҲԼŸ٣ȥˡ
һ춼ûϢ
ȥãæµһ죬ʱ緹ûʱԣϻصĽѧ֮Լ鵽ӹޱȳʵ
Ǹоû˼
Ъһ


42 ޿
ûصʱ⣬ĽѾԺˡ
عϵعϣ
ǵعϣ
򵥵Ķ갵ţŵȷĽݡ
ʵö԰Ҳ֪ǰĽΪμ˾ԱߵͤĽһ֣Դϴ֮ûҹˡ
Ľÿŵѧ⡣
һʼһĿԽԽҲԽԽѡ
ȻǶŵѣҪĽŪԽԽѣҪѺܶ˼
֮ǰֻһӵһ㲻ͼε⼸ԽԽˣס˥֣̹ٹ㡢Ӯ㣻䡢ɡ̣Ľ˸飬ƾѧҲЩ
Ľֻһĺӡ
ô꺢Ӹѧģ
ŵܻͷô飬һ磬ִѧչ걸£ĺһҲһ꼶ѧһڵļӼһĺ˵̫ˡ
Ǽͬ⣬һҲֻǵչ
ȻˣŵҲ˳һ£޷ǹ̼һ㣬Ҫÿһ֪ʶ㶼飬Ĳ迪ʼƵӲ
ŵʱ򣬲ֹĽĳһķ֣ӾȻҲĽζ
ȻûʲôĻͦѧģÿζ¡
ŵǡɡַΪ֤˹ɶȷǶˣóԼ
ĽܵԺӵĽ䵴ǧˣμ˲ûиȥŵʵп𣿡
ŵ̧ͷʵʲô𣿡
˵Ҳˣλϵӣʵ̫졣
ٲÿҲæҪʱһ춼һ档
μ˳ĬƬ̣˵ĸ˵ȥԷûʱˣһĸ͵ġ
ŵûԥ˵ȻϷ˵ˣǾȥɡ
ҲûʲôϷ˿ڣҲþܾ
μ֪ŵÿ춼æҲûбʲôϣû뵽Ӧôˬ졣
ݵĴ֮ܿع˵ϻθ㡣

ڶգŵһ˯硣
ǱСѾ߽ѵġ
ӤʵСѾڴߣŵĸ첲ҡҡߴٵү𴲰ɣ̫綼ɹƨˡ
ŵ˯Ժ૵֣˯ᡭ
æ˰£ÿ춼۵ùǺòһϢ˯ˣҲ˯ѡ
вүСѾֻתͷ⣬˵ٷˣү
ٷˡ֣ŵ˲ѣ˯ȫޡ
ӦӣҪһθ
һͦӴϵ˵𣬾𡭡
ŵٶϴϣʱμѾˡ
ϻصθֹȻûнԼңҲǣʮ̤ͣľ츳һôļ޸һû츳ɵӡ
ͬԶûУЩͬ츳ڵῡܣ䡣
ȥθϣ޶Զԡ
ĿӣƺǾΣŵӻͳһμ˵Ŀ𴦡
ܿ͵θμǴŵȥݼϷˡ
Ϸɫܺãŵμ˵֣ЦǺǵ˵һŵҲһһЦŻӦθ˵Ŀ⣬ʼͣŵϣ鶯볣죬ȷţĲɵˡ
˵ǰɵʱθ˶䲻ϼˡ
ɵˣ˵̾ͷ췭ظı仯ͼվһ𣬿νǰ
Ϸŵ֣˵˴СڽųƢԿܺŮͬȻѾΪ˷ޣҪݱ˴˵Ĳ㣬Ӳܳá
ŵ͵͵μˣЦŶϷ˵ĸģӵƢͦϲġ
ϷЦǾͺãǾͺá
μ˿ŵһۣû˵ʲô
ٻñӵĿ⿴ŵǡһǲǼ
ΪŮӣμ˴СͲϲ飬ҲϲŮ֮࣬ͱ˴ܣĽӵܣ˸飬ÿ춼θ״ģǲŰã
˵ҪûģҪ᲻ᣬúÿûһŮ˸еӣϲŮˣ
ٻƳһˣĵһˣǧֿˡ
ݼϷ˺ŵֱμ˵Ĵ󲮺Ͷȥ˵
ЩѰĿ׻ŵ΢ЦĻӦ
Ľվμߣ̧ͷ˿μˣֿ˿ԶŵȻ˵㣬ҿɲһ⡣
μ˵ͷ˵ʰɡ
Ľɻʵŵ磬Ƿ𣿡
μ˿һۣʵʲô
ĽͷֻʳָС˵ϴŵҴƯһ㣬ŵ˵ģԺֻױ磬ǣûи
μתͷŵһۣû˵ʲô
ʫѧôߵĲɣеӣӦЩͨ黭ĲŮǧ𣬶ֻ赶Ūֶʶ򡭡
˵׵Ĵ
ӣҲҪӡ
ŵոպμ˴󲮶꣬ĳһ˲䣬ȻУתͷԺĽڵǧμ˫ֱбǧϣʮȽա
ϣʹ˶һ㵭Ĺâ
һĻһģöƿߡ
ò˵ҪֵֵҪʣҪֵҪĻʣҪǡаȫС
Ȼ˵ŮζıĺѰŮһ㲻ŵеμˡ
ҲҺμˣȢһֻ黭ǧС㣬˴̿͵ļ¡
Ů˸ᡢҲ󡭡
ӸİȫУ˿


43 Լս
μҶڳ͢йְж֮⣬ҲְУƽղסڼϷѡվм磬ŵĽ˵ļ磬θÿ¶ҪһΡ
μĴ壬ʱٰģԱĸ飬ԼĹС
Сֻг󣬼Ǽ޳ȥŮҲὫԼˡ
Լӡ
ùá
ϴϷ磬ŵͱùİŪã췢Ŀ⣬Լشʱûڡ
˶ŵ̲סڣʱ򣬼ֱһģӿ̳ġ
һ߹Ц˵ô㣬ȥʮ꣬ӶˣҪýֵ֪óԴˡ
Ů˶ȥˣòˣ˰һۣ˵ǲƤˣòðɽǣ
òòá֣ߵŵߣ˵˵Ǻ񰡣ͼлԼ֪жҵС㰴಻ס
λЦŵҲ˵ʲôֻǶ˱˱ȭ˵塣
ǰλϷ˵ĵӣҲĽõĸס
ЦЦŵ˵񣬾һĴĽ˵Ķŵһͨ
ǵȻҲ˭Ķӣ濴ŵ̲סЩź˵޸ҪңҶˣ
ӿѧĽǶ˵ùü޸ôûŵˡ
ĻŵҲᵽһ˿Եζ
ʱӦǺŮӻӭ׷ġ
ҪȻҲڹȥ˶ʮ꣬Ȼ˶
ùÿڿʵ۶ǸʱӰӡ
ŵ磬ȥӰɣ
ŵĺܲڣĽʱܹߴƿ˰֣˵˺ˣȥĽɡ
ŵûкĽӣԼӵļθѾߣȻҲΪ˺Ӿ
£塣
ΧŵֻǶ򵥵Ĺ㲻ĽҲΧ壬ŵͽ򵥵壬ţŵȻʲô˵عϵعϣ
СоӣͷҲû̧˵ҪԵعϰһó
ŵЩ˵װˡ
Ϊ˫̥ãڰ飬жӣִ˲ƣ
һôͬһطΣ
ʶʲô̧ͷһ˵ƾʲôǽ㣬ǱһңҾǽ㡭
ŵݣ߳ŭŪһˡ
һһģһӰ߽һĻŵǲּٰˣ
ŵ˵ͷ
Ľͷ˵Ҵÿζ԰ţȻֱƭˣ
ŵǽõĹϵֵô˵׽òǺͳһǽ㣬ƽһ㡣
Ľһ˵˭ʲôҪ
ŵ˵ûǽ㣬ҪнӣŲôСһѵ˼붷̧֮ͷŵ˵ŵԸ⣬ҲԺ棬Ҫ֤˼˽֮⣬Զµһã
ĽҪŵεá


ĽԼ֮һ壬㵽ʱ䡣
ĵص㣬ϴϷ˵ãڰһųľȼ쵽ſڡ
ĽãԼߡ
ŵμˣΪСڳλãŵһβĶ棬褡
̧ͷ˿ŵμˣĿܿƿ
ȻСʱûϾãϣܹúá
ü޸һɵӵ飬һֱܽ黳
ԣһֱϲҵɵӣһл鷳
ɵˣ褿Ҳ˳࣬ԼϳԹֻҪҸͺá
ٻμߣ鱾Ͳѣ̧ͷʱĿһƲһֻ۾Щ࣬ʵС褣۾ôˣ
æͷ˵ûʲôСġ
ٻüͷ˵Сġһҿ
褵ͷĬ
ٻʵ˭ɵģ
ʱߵһλ˵ֵܼܣһ褸ųԿġ
μҵϴŵѾʶˣڵжŽùõСӡ
ٻ¿ӣ˵дܵѵΪμˣ誣Ϳŵܱܵ۸𣿡
μһٻǳ㣬׽誻û˵ʲô褱˵㣬ǱˣѾܵս飬ԼѣԺСúõĽѵѵǡ
ٻʵԼвУһص¼ңóҲȥųӡ
褺ŵ˵ոͻϢԸЩһʮڻ£һҪúѩܣ
ĬĬԷŵ̧ͷһۡ
μˣûѪԵϵ褱˴ˣҲٻôߡ
ֻ֪褺һˣԼ˴Ⱥܡ
ɹ涨ͽŹʮеŹߣʮ۳ݣȱǣһĿָͽһꣻ۶ݡָϼշߣͽһ룻Ź۵֫弰ϹһĿߣͽꣻϹŹˣһȣϣӶȣʮϣȡ
ԡ䡷˽⣬з˵ʵԽǿԽ󣬷ӵԽࡣ
У壬ҲƽΪ
褺ܵģԼ˲˴Ⱥܣл֡
Щ˱һ˵Ǿˬˣ
һ뵽ŵֹסĿġ
ڼƻյԼսĿⲻһƲֶŵǸѹסЦƺЦԼŭ¿ʵЦʲô
ŵ֣ûʲôֻǺȻ뵽һЩĵ顭


44 
յĴڣȻģȥμҲμ˼磬Ľ˴죬ŵջܵƣʧ˴룬Ҳࡣ
һѧᡰųеϱӾԲôƴҲ
һ죬ŵڳ󰸡
ֱãա
ÿ촦İģϾӽ£ôİӣǰյʢ֮ǰĻۣŵƣٹЩӣÿһ참ܼ㲻ˡ
취Լҵ
˵ҵ
֮ŵ߳ãԺһӰ˻֡
ξƨƨߵܹЦݵʵүʲôԸ
ŵЩ֣ȥط

ξʲôûʣȥټˡ
ܼһżķɻŵүؼ𣿡
ŵȥһԺ
ܼҲûŵȥԺʲôѾϰүĪ⡾Ī·
ϳŵʱү׼һЩߦȣ񶼲֪;
үȥĵطܻǰЩţԱ֤İȫԺڳڣвԶʲôΣգֻ跢źţѲߵĽܸܿ

ģƾ˵Ψһ;
أ̫֮ʱͶµģġ
壬ǹٻӵܣҪıһְٰҪͨƾٵѡΣҲ´ľڣСԺΪǣԺء
ƾٿԵݣΪ׼漰֡䡢顢գѧǲܾͨģԺؽƸ˾ڸѧԺ֮ڣԵõȫĽ̵
ҲΪԴ¢ϣСԺͶķҲ߰ԺѧӷǸԺǳԴͷйԱȻҲȨʿ塣
ԺΪĴԺ֮һȻûԺԺգҲСĹٺгԺģɾһϵ佫
ﲢĹٵ٣ȴ佫ҡ
ȨǣԼӵպھΪ󶼻Ὣ͵Ժ졣
ԺĴţֵĳ֣Ժ֮һĵ֣Сżв¥ַ̡С
Ȼ糤֣ΪĵĻҲʱԺѧӹˣ⻹㲻
˿̣еһ¥¥Ÿ
ŵڿλãһڲ裬Ŀ⣬ԿԺš
Ժѧʱ䣬ŷҪʱֻϡϡӰ
ŵǧҪԼӡ
ξʮۣһżȲ裬ˮǮԼģڵǼӰ࣬Ҫ⸶ǼӰǮɲЩǮ׻
ˣˣˡ
żƵ𣬿ʼӰѧԺ߳
Щˣģݾ¥ַĳһ̣ʮӰƺƵĴԺ߳˼ǣ׷˱ܡ
ⲻֵټôˣҪʲô
Ǳ鲻ư
֪˭Ҫùˡ
˵ֹУһȺλ˵Ĵ£еһյȥ
ʱʮߺȻǰĳ´
ߦȰϺõߦȡ
ϺõĻƻľߦȣʵҪǮ
ߦȱˣһֻҪʮǮ
һŴֲຩ꺺ӣһ°һŲϯϯİڷżʮߦȡ
һĻĲ˰ҡͷ⺺һͲ⣬Ժſߦȵģ
ҪҲӦ߾
ﾭľԺѧ飬ͼѧҪⶫ
ǽɤӣҲȥһ
ţȻһӰߵǺǰһߦȣƾջ˼£ķߦȾʵϡ
һӣ˵ʮˡ
⶧һһٸߦˣӴϲӣлӣлӣ
Ӱ֣Ⱥ½߹ÿ˴ӺһߦȣеĿյء
ѧӼˣɸ̾ɵɵ⺺ߦȣǡֵҪұ鷳ƻľߦȣߦ棬Ҳܺʣ˵һۡ
ûãһȺˣԺ߳
ߦȰϺõߦȡ
ϺõĻƻľߦȣʵҪǮ

׳ĽŲһ٣ߵǰһߦȵ˵ַ࣬ǳʵжʱһͷתͷһ˵ϴûУ˳֣һõϡ
ݵҡҡͷ˵òҪá
褲⣬ʵΪʲô
˽͵մɣͽŹʮеŹʮһʹôǳеŹֽȻͬ
褵ѵܵĻܱٲɣ
ӵܵìܣԼ˭ҪǱ٣ᱻ˳Ц˵Ҳҹܽŵ顣
ҡͷ»ǿȫΪá
褰˰֣˵ˣİɣҲܵ˵۸ǡ
Գ˵飬￴Űɣõʱ㣬ڣʲô
ҲãԶнѲߣһǳԿҾͽ˵ͷ֪ԼȥҲﲻʲôæΪǵ׸￴ţһƳƿأҲܵһʱԮ
褴һȺˣڵĿյȥ
˿̣˶֪Ĳ¥֮УһӰվڶ¥Ÿ󴰿ڣĿǡ
ܼվŵ󣬱Ȼ
֪ү׼ߦʲôˡ
ԭôõġ
еٶȣ̷йأסȡͽ̷ÿһٶȾͿһȣˣɷķΧ֮ڣǴд
Щ˿ŹҲ̶ѡ
øӣͽֱɳеʿɾͲһˡ
ܼοĿŵʲô׸ӣ׸ӣүһУү洫
ŵعͷֵܼʵҸʲô
ܼҳݵĿŵ˵үһУߣʵǸߣ
ŵƳһۣûʲôߣֻһߦȵģߦֲ
˵ֿ꣬ڵȥǣֳӡ
ܼ⣬ŵ¶豭
ߦȻͨľͷģûпڣǴҪҲ֮Σ
Ҫͷû׼¡
ɾʹˡ
ȻɲôҲȥ
ľܼڣͲõˡ
ϸ˵ֻϽ͵Ϊе㲻£ûŲܷ﷨ңά壬֪䡷ܲ⣬ýԡ


45 һ
Ժ
СеĿյϣʱ󰧺
褵û˸ղŵƣһͷҴܣֹ
ССߦȣֻƽƽѰϣ۰
褻ԴܣмڣͲĻ
Ǹߦȵģǲ⣬᲻⣬ԺԱʲôߦȣ
ΪһƽĶԾ˭֪Ǹճȥεˣʹó׼õߦȣһֲ
ʵ൱һ˿֣һ˳е֪
褵ˣһ
褶֮࣬Ŀ⻷ˣѾͻƵϢϢ壬ߦȣһ˾ܽС
˿̣յһһ׳˶ˣһȭͷײһƵָ˿
˦˦ȭͷŶӰȵ࣬Ҳͻˣ
λ˳˳ǣʵôѵֻͻƣ
ÿһĻаֵܾȻҲ˸֣һû취ѩܣҪٰһٶ򣬽֮ҪΪԺЦˣ
һ񣬱ְ
ҲСİһ£ʧȥƽ⣬ˤڵء
㲻Ǻܿٿһԡ
񿴵Ǳ褣еⲻѣеߦҲͣк֮£һһӾҪ䵽褵Դϡ
һҪջһ
ܹܣҪ˻ߴ褣Ҳ
ô룬ȴΪʱۿصһҪ䵽褵ԴϣȻеߦʲô谭һ˿һͣԴϰ紦
ʱ֮⣬һȺ˿첽
δȵ
컯գǬڳڳеŹҷ־ܣ
ʮһϲĵȻסʱ
תͷһȴĲǽ
ƷƺõĲ졣
ÿɲЩʲô
ˣΪʲôԼЩ˲ٰˡ
ξһȺϵ֮˷׷֣ͣǰǰλŹٷӹ˹֣ʵλǡ
ӶԷĹٷԿ˵ĹְΪƷƷڵطϾӣڳȴСĲСпࡣ
ξһǳξȺôĵӣȻڳŹлûˣȫߣ
еߦȣ첽ǰЦŶξ˵λˣԺѧѧ֮ڴ˵սŹ
ԺǱҵҡѧԺҵ֮أȻţҲ
ƽʱξȻ˳ˣƽʱһʼ˻ˮЩԺѧǸָĸﲻġ
첻ͬǴģȻô׵ķŹǡ
˳ǣߵս˵սսҪƱ磬ٸղſǳеŹ
ˣֻݣ˵ˣ񣬼ҸݲУͬΪٵķϣ˸ӡ
ݲݲУְƷļͬ
˵ݲ֮ܲһֱ͢ݲеҲܱȵģּĹԱξ
ʱͬա
Ǵ䡣
ȨƲͬκһλ䣬˵һССļݲУ˾˾ˣҲõϰͷ
ô˵Ǳִˣ̰Ҳֱͦˣֱ׳
ξûֻǻ˻֣˵ߣ
翴Щż٣Ŀ˵ǲ˳ˡ
ֵû뵽λξȻǿӲۿЩǰȴҲûзǹٻӵܣܶŹС£ΥٸǴ¡
СҲǳ͢
ȺʹһɫһСתԶȥ
褴˿ҲӵʹĲλǰξλˣǲʲôᣬҸԱɡ
û˵꣬һ˵үүҲûãλˣ˽ĺܰ
Ȼξ˭ҲҪ˴á
ֻǵǵݣûжЩ˲ȡʲôǿƴʩ
ȥõ·ϣ褵˶һƣֻһҲԼսȴû뵽ջᷢչ
ʱӰӲ¥л߳
ŵܼҡ
һΣץЩڶŹ֮⣬ŵԡ䡷һСС̽
Щоҵ伮һ飬Ҫ޷ңһʱһЩ
йУҪ̰򽻵Щȫ˾ûһöԸЩֱԽķҵӣûгɣͱˣܻ޵Ҹ߾ģĶٶڡ
˵ִֻǳ
ǲ㣬ʱ㡣
ĳЩԱСС̰ʱ򣬶һֻ۱һֻۣռ֤ݣɳΪ̰֮ٽܳܽͻƿһá
ȻҲѵʱ
֮ϣ˲Ϣ䣬ʱС˴㣬ûһҹ֮䣬ͱ㣬ݣ˲䷢ת䣬ʷϣҳ鲻ɷ飬Ҳ
ߣԼ鷸ơ
ʱ죬ٺһףҲͻƿĺð취
ԱȨ󣬶Էҿνʹ䣬Ҳǻΰ롣
ˣҲû˽ĵʥˣвݲһɳӵĸ֮ʿһУ׻Ϊǿ󣬳ͼάȣǴﵽһĿĵĹ̡
ŵͬʥˣѡ޷ңΪ˻
˳㱻Ͽɵĺ£Ȼٺò


46 
õ·ϣŵܼҿе֪Щֻڶ֮ˣûͨˡ
ǰƺƵȺŵЩź˵ϢһĶûУ
ֺͨˣļӳɣкܴġ
ӵʵҲպϰ֪еܷء
ôܣ
ܼһֲǴײˣͨ棬ӵ߰һУһϢϢģһ޵ﾳţ⻹Ŭе£ŬУǿ츳Ҳжߵĳɾ͡
ŵһ㶣ô𣿡
ܼƿڣваֵؾͿԵģ츳ŬȱһɣЩٻӵܣһģԵĿ࣬ҲķϵС֣츳Ŭٵģϧ·
ܼô˵ŵʱࡣ
һٸ棬һӵģڰٷ֮ʮŵĴ
ңȻûߵĻȴǵϵ֣ô룬ƺҲôźˡ
ŵʳһյ⣺˵ô࣬ʲô
ܼ룬˵Ҳûһ׼ȷ˵֮ӵˣһʼڶʱڱǿҲ֮й仺ģǲ߱ˣˣ¸ʮٱŬҲ
Ҳ˵ûŵƴÿ첻˯ʮʱҲһӡ
ʵ˰
һ;ƴ츳û츳ٶŬҲù
츳츳֮䣬Ҳ֮
ܼ˵˾еĶᣬҲС츳
츳ŵ˵ǽά
츳μǰֵһᡣ
ŵȻĽ꣬ƺϢˣܼҵĽ츳Ҳܲ˰ɣ
ܼҵ˵ͷ˵ȻμŮӵ츳ܲСС㣬츳Ȼٷ˻һЩҲԶˣУδɾͱضףҲܳɾʦ
ŵ֣μи֡
ǼҵŮӣ츳졣
ӣȴûУôһҲᱻøߦĸһ
ѵŮУ
Ȼ£ܼԽ͵ĸϸһЩ˵֮ͬѪĴУ汲츳ԽߣеŵĿܾԽλʦãضв츳Ҵδǿߣүүû
˵˵ţĿеĿŵ˵үٷԺкӣ츳һٷ˵ѪҺоҲ࣬үҵδͿˣٷպһҪ
˵ɡŵ˰֣ڻ̫죬պкܳһ·Ҫߡ
һˣõĲ죬ãòײŵá
ո߽Ժӣ˱һƨڵϣ˵ʲôҲˡ
۰
ҵĽſˣ
ģôôԶ
һ⣬ǹٻ˼ҵӵܣƽţǳ˽ξ߹ôԶ·ú󣬾ЬŽѡ
ξˣ˵ãɺͳ
ֻĻȴ˴
νڣڳĶʮˣһλûе㱳ټֲǷʲô£һξθһŽţһߴߴٵλˣѾˣҪôǣ㵹˵
ξûǹ߽õһλ˹˹ʵӣЩҪôã
һ㶣ϸֳһ˿ɫ
ⳤξǰֺģλǻļһȴǵͷޱȣǻ˸ˡ˵ʲôͷ
˵ɻͬϣȫˡ
÷
ô
תۼ䣬뵽һܣѵ˵ŵ֪ҪԼսԼİΣǰȵԼԿʱ򣬾óξ˳ȳ
ôͳõڹؼʱ̸ϵ
Լ˰
һ̣˸ж֮࣬褵гŨŨİûڡ
ǰô÷ȻǰӣôãȻ
뵽ǰΪ褺޲óԼơ
ŵûע⵽ΪǺһɡ˵Σһ˵ȣԺŹӰӣմɣεʮˣȾʮʮˣʮЧȣȿ飿
ижȻ֪Ϊʲôǵŵ÷÷ͬŹԷȾʮǲʮеıˡ
̱ͱ̸һȣܵƤ֮࣬̿˽Ǵ˵ġ
褻ûڣ˵飬ⲻƽͬŹƾʲộֻȴ̣ƫ̻У
ŵȻƾС
еĴɷĳһҳָһΣ͵մɡƪʮߣʮеŹߣʮϹŹˣһȣϣӶȣʮϣȡ
ȻͬŹ褵˿֣ɵʮŹʮˣȣһȼʮ£ʮȳеʮʮͬȣһȼʮȣȾʮ㻹ʲô׵𣿡
ŵԮȫշ£оݣ̷ȼȷֶ׼ûжһûһ
ЩͽｻξȥúܺȲˡ
ԭء
Ժѧϰɷʱƺô̹
ΪӵܣδضھЧһҪ߿ƾٵ·ӣѧԺУڳ֮ĿĿǲĵģɷβӿξ˯ﻹǵЩ
֮һһμġ
ûѧ֪ʶڿ֮⣬ȴһֵķʽĿӡǵԺС


47 褵ĸл
˲֪ʱһӰҴã񿴵·𿴵˾ǣǰץĸ첲˵ң
̵֪ĿֲʮȥҲö
Ҵ߽õˣݺݵĵһۣû͵˦֣ߵξǰǸ˵ˣǱǸĳ޷鷳ˣ˲ع˼٣ôоôУһٽǴȥصĳһ
ݲȻƷְͳ൱ƷةʱǱֵĺܿ
еϢȡĹԱ֪ǴˣõĹԱȻҲˮǴߣһݲܵġ
ǰƷļݲУξ϶õͷСġ
ڣıվĿˣԼһΪԼҲˣԼôУ˵棬ġ
żӣԼݲе˵ͷ˻֣˵̡
ղŹ⽻ȹʱξǶעִ硣
ǸͬǾʮȣ˵ȱУҲ÷껹ܻеĳ߶ȣϲܺܺõİա
ӵ˼ǣЩСʩͽ䣬ξȻҲ
Щ˲бԺѧҪǽǴ˴ˣҲΡ
ݲΪٶ꣬ȻҲ֪һЩǱעִ硱ĸֺ֪Ӧòֿܣڷģξ˹֣˵лˡ
ξҲȭˣܴ˰һӡ
ݲЦл
Ѿ̬ȣͳξ˵Цʱ֪أٿһʵʵſһųϡ
飡
һƨϣȻ۵죬Ҳǲܡ
ž
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ褵ƨϡ
褱Ȼһ£ǸһһۣȻ̱ͱᣬҲ̫ˣôһ㣬͸ܲˡ
Բ̡
ǺεȵĴܿף÷չˣиж֮࣬Ҳӵ
֮㿪ʼ¡

̫ʹˣ
㣡
ϲʹ褻ǽеĺܲңñΪ÷˽ס
⸡ݼ̵ֱҡͷǱ̵һԣ̽еɱеݺݵĳȥ
Ȼ뷨뷨ӣûеġ
˵ˣλǹӵݣʣǲܲ
ͬʱ̣ٶȺܿ죬һ̶ӵĹвŹˣѾϡ
Щٻӵ̣ܵʵ壬̵ģƨɣ̵ģվԺﺿУղ
ݲжξ˹֣Ǹ鷳ˡ
ξܴء
һԵŵл

һݲоˣ֮ˣҲ԰ȥ
ε֮Уһ
ԺǴܣһ£ҡе
Ҫ˵˿̣޵ģǵʱûкúεԼ
޵ġǸߦȵļһ
Ǹһǲ⣬᲻⣬Ժſʲôߦȣ
ʱúãոն豭ŵȻһ١
ǰķ֮ϣȻ֡
ŵ
һա
ղŵǾʮģʮٻӵܵģֻ̺̣ҲΪʮյ
ףΪʲôҵˣϲ͹ԱȨȥ
ǣ°빦Ѿ򷨹֮ҵӣΪ
˴棬˭˭Ķ
Ժ󣬻ҪչչЩǡ
ͨһСС̽Ҳԡ䡷Ҳĸ͸һЩ
ΪߦȶӰϵж
ջСŵϲõ飬߳úãոǰԺһӰСܵǰ
Ǻй褡
褽ŵ֣ʮǸ˵÷򣬽ллˣǰҲã˵ЩֵܹĻ˲С˹ԭҰɡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶡
Լ̣Ȼл
СӣǱɵ˰ɣ
褵ƨɣ̵ֿĲ죬֪Ӧˣ˰֣褵лңֻɰ참ѡ
һֿ˵ܵĲ£ȻҪ÷˼ʱϵǾͳԴˡ÷֪ҪܣǳԿǰİɣ

֪ģ÷򻹰һ԰ңҪȻһʹԴˣ
褿ŵ¶һе񣺡÷ԭǲǴ㣬ûԿͷβܵġ

ŵ̾褼˵㣬ûֵģ˭뵽ܵô£ˣŸܹ̣оðɣӦġ
褰˰֣˵лл÷飬Ѿˣ̵ûʲôоǸôأұϰ˼ڻţǸߦȵģ´αҿҿҷ̯ӡ
ŵȰʵҲˣ˼С⣬ס
ԥƬ̣ջǻ˻֣ȵ˵Ȼ÷ô˵ǾͷŹɡ


48 
褺ܸжָж
ж÷Ե±ԹԼǰΪ͵ʵǰҲ㣬ֻǾǸʱ䲻ϼˣԶ˵㣬ϣ㲻Ҫҡ
ŵܹ褣Ҫü޸һɵӣ»ĸ֡
ܴȵİ˰֣˵һˣǰ飬Ͳˡ
褸мл÷򣡡
£ӰҴҵ߽á
תͷһȵôˣ
ݵǰʵСû°ɣ
ЦЦ˵÷ڣȻͳԴˡ
褵˱ξ֮󣬳͵һʱϻθ֪漰ٸͲܹˡ
褳Կ˴ҴҸȴһûУŵ̸Ц
˵ľ˿ݺݵĵһۣ˵˶ȥٺˣ
زӣ˵ʲôˡ
ֿŵǸǲ˼˶鷳ˡ
ŵЦÿһӦõġ
褸ӵĸлŵģôһССΡ
ϾĳĿɲǾ褡
Ȼӵø磬ԼĴ֮һŵûʲô飬ìܵһ㡣
ȻôϿҵĵǸˣŵҲСˣףΪӺãһ㣬ŵܹ壬˵˵μӵ֮䣬ͦаġ
Ƭ̺󣬼һͬ뿪á
ŵֱӻؼҵģץĸ첲Ҫһμңŵֲټ϶룬ҲʹӦˡ
صһ˹Ժӡ
ĽߴߴθҪֵĶ࣬ΪӶû֣ŵϲμҵķΧ
֮ǰŵһ£ʵϴ͵ץ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵μҵеˣҶˣûһǶ⣬ӦҲˡ
ʱμ׼ۼֵǶߵģкܶ࣬ԷƫƫֻǶ⣬ӻŵģŵرһ¡
Ͼ˭ڰб˵š
μҵˣӦûӵġ
ŵɹ褣ҲɹٻϾμңҲ˺ìܣڿӦò褣˽֮ŵǻˡ
ٻȻӣֱŵҲġ
褺ٻֻ˭أ
ſڣθʻȥ
˿̣ܼң˿ȴء
ֵܹڵϣƨɻʹȴҲҺһ
˵ǰǵĸףݲüͷʵ˵ΪһŮԺһܣԺԼսոմõ˾ͳˣ
ԧͨ¥Ůӡ
ǲǼŮ
ݲеһۣŭһǧ˿ļŮȴܼʮ˴ڵ㶪ˣ
Ҫ׵һ£˵ˡ
ݲм׷ʵŮˣûбˣ
̵ûˡ
ݲԣüͷ΢滺Сʲôɷܻҷ飬ɴСʱС£ܼڳҲеܹƽһЩС¡
һһϵС¶пܱ顣
ڿӦû붯
ҪȻǾʮȣ˻ȥûػ
ʱŵȴһ飬̧ͷˣʱɷ˵͢ƷϵĹԱֱϵʮȲžʮӡ
ɷϣĶûסΨһǵú
Ͼĸ׿ǼݲУ͢Ʒ٣ֻҪ֮µӴ̷
ղڳõʱΪ̫ţȻôˡ
ƨɻǻģԵһ۵ܵܣŭղô˵
䣬ֵܸո̵ܹƨɣٴθصһţݲŭ˶õĲѧѧģ
һ˵ƨϣʹĶͷ亹ֱðôأѧڡɡϽ̵ģҲúңҺú㻹ҡ
ݲпһӣ˵ϣ˶ǽģҲйԱΪ¼ĶӶֻ̣ӣǣһºΪİӱչְҲ⣬ԼڣֱϵжȫͷأϵţŮΪ澡
ڴģãã̲ţǿԶ̵ġ
Ψ²ܡ
ˣĺҸ㹲ʣͽ̣ʵʵ֮󣬱ల£ֻҪ°ӣӴ˸ǡ
Ҳ谭Ͼɷȷй涨
͵Сˣñǰûʲôɷ飬ԺҲ㲻ļҲܿͻֶ֪Ρ
Ǵ䣬лųܵ͢˾˵˵ȷв٣ܲ¶ҲûһЩǵǡ
ˣãȻҲΪ˴µΧǿȴԾѡ˷ӣǹٹȫҲԭ
Ȼ֪ԼЩǾģһУֻΪ˱
ݲٴεһۣԶĲ˵˵ģУȨҴ˰ɣӷ˼֪ˣ֪ʲô𣬿ԽӰŽ˹ٸԼȫҲǹٻ磬ǰ¶
Ӹ׿е֪Щֵ֮ɫ԰ף嶶ɸһҪȾǰ
ݲпǵӣ֪ѵĿѾﵽ˰֣˵ˣҲõģβͨŹѣǣϴ£ǵñһݺ񣬸ȥθ


49 ǫ
ŵոθ˼ŵĽμˡ
ҪȥģҺſˣȻǾ͵ðһˡ
Ƭ̺ĳСԺ֮ڣĽſϣ˫ֳԴ˵ŵ磬ɴסǼˣǾͶÿȥġ
ŵЦЦû˵ʲôֲ׸ûʲôԭ򣬵Ȼܳסθ
һָڽӴ֦ɢҶǾԲ׸ġ
ĽСȻЩ顣
ŵûм⣬ָСϵһĿ˵ȿɡ
֪ǲĽѧģһΣĿκҵֻһ⣬ѶҲĿʵǣһӴƵҪȽƥϵӱˮȻٸϻؾӪĿٶȣԼ֮ľ룬ʵ·ߺʱ䡣
ĺܺá
٣ս֮ϣٶȺЧʼҪؼʱһӵʱܾһսʤӰһҵ
ŵ򵥵Ľ⣬СѧᣬĽⷨǡеκһ֣漰һѧûй˵ŵЩ鷳
ĽʵΪʲô֮䣬߶̰
ŵѧרҵģʦǵʱֻǸǣֻҪסˣ֪Ϊʲô
θѾľԼһЩ·ߣľڵϣ㣬Լʵ
Ľμ׶ˡ
ȻҲ˵ɣʶֱֱȥ϶Ҫ졣
ŵոոǽĿ褱߽СԺȥԷ˳лճȡ
ŵʵǲ̫˼ģͲסĥӲݣֻôӦ
θĳСԺŵٴμֵܡ
һʱ֮ǰǻˮȴû˵ʱ棬ͷһվආ
褶˳ȻҲ⣬üͷ˵ʲôһֵ˻ȥ
ӿǸ˵֣ǲ˼ҽ޷صشֶǸЩ񣬻¡
æǧô˵˻ʢֺǵ겻Ҳôģ˵飬ҼҲдЩشȥ
û飬ЦЦ˵˵꣬ÿ˿ڶǾҪСᣬǿһβʹĻ䡭
ҲЦ˵ǵսЩСӣȻΪһλ¥ŮӴǶҵ
˲ԼͬĿԼҶһۣ褺ֵܶһ£ͷĸ͡
ŵǵĶԻ֪ܼҸǸģĸף褵ĸײʶƺЩ飬һ̸ӡ
ӣǸ
һͺȣֵ嶶˶ߵǰͷԲ𡣡
һһ£Ҳæûϵûϵǰһûϡ
˫׵Ĵٳ֮£褺׾ʹ˺ͽ⣬ٱϺͽˡ
Ϊ˱ʾĲƽϣ褻һԷ
ֵܸո̣ĵ˸ǵϵ
֮˿ŵʵ֣λǡ
ڳãλ̵ģΪǳõĹԱھ̾Աᣬû뵽θּˡ
ŵļϵıЩ⣬˵ǽһ£÷򡣡
ֵһ
ãǺӣôǰ֮ˣֻпμ˵ɷ򣬶μ˵ɷǴĶӣ
ֵܣҲǹٻӵܣȴԶԶܺͶԷȡ
ǳȨӵܣ褺ĹϵôãԺͬԺˣ
뵽̶ƱĶ˵֣鶼ҵĴԷһ
̬ôϿңҲЩ˼ҲƱ˵Ҳдһ
ҵĴҵĴԷ
Ҳд

ŵ˿ھƣޱȣһھͷˣһһʮ˵Щ̫ˣʼżֵܣɵһԵΣֵܡ
ƹѲϻҲ𽥴򿪡
ֺ˿ھƣȻЩãؿ˵ֵܣǰҲԣԺ󲻸ԧˡ
Ҳţ˵һŮˣøɡ
ɡ
ɡ

һһȥ˭Ҳò˭˼Ƭ̣ĿӣҪһ𣿡
ĿӣԺĳЩƼĻ棬ëֱԼͬҡҡͷ
ȻǵĹϵͻͽҲûеͬһŮ˵ĵز
ǻʵۣҲ롣
պе˭Ҳ˼ռԧ
ĿٴεĶӣǺȻͬʱ뵽ʲô׷׿ŵ
ҪҰԧܸ÷ʶʶ
Ҳֲֻȼˡ
᲻ýԧø񣬵÷Ե±ԹжҲһֱ
Ȣ˼ˣⱲӵҸǻˣΪμˣⲻȥҪһ
᲻ýԧø褣ŵǴĶӣҲλĵĶȨֻʹ
ǵĻŵв˵Ķһ٣һӰԺһؿֿʼʹ֣òãԼˣûá


50 μ˵ĺʷ
ŵȤֻźҡͷ˵ǿϧˡ
źȴ˿˵Ѿ׼һ뵽ԧδڱ³лﻹͦܵġ
ŵ˿̷Щ棬ʵʲôŮӣܽԳ
褺ô˵ҲǳϲȨ֮ңֻҪһ仰Ůвҹ㡢֮ŮļȻҲΪһ¥ŮͷѪȻŹλԧһĹ֮
褸̾÷㲻֪ԧȻ¥ȴȾһֱԺã黭ͨͨ飬Աкļ⣬Ůӡ
Ҳ͵ǰڳòʤԧŮӲ٣ʤҲ࣬Ҫ۶Աļ⣬¥ŮУܼԧ
ŵˣ֮ԳλԧΪĺóƯҲΪոߣҪΪ
¥Ů˵ȷѵá
褺񶼳ţѧϰ¥һȺ޼УȻһйͬԣԺõģᱻҲ⡣
¥нԺãͨɷĹŵҲö࿴ۡ
褶ĻЩʲô¥ŮУ¥֮⣬еŮӣԱ˼ҲûмͱˣƯ黭һᣬֶϲȫ˵ֻܡ
ô˵˵ţԼˡ
ǰҪάԼӵģŵһۣ˵Ҿüͦõġ
ŵļЩ˵Ҳ÷ˣʳῡܣмԸȢ˵ģԸ𣿡
ȻǼ˵ĸ磬÷ôã˵
ҡͷ
ƲΣʵأ
εͷҡĸ졣
μڽһӵУνԶСʱ򼸺˶ĶǶӰ³ģ˭ıӵȢ
Ҫ
褻ϻӴ򿪣ϲĺŵ˵μ˵顣
ŵǵһ˵Сʱ飬粻úö飬ӿΣдΣͽӵܴܣһ˵һȺս˴ſ£Լˣʮҵĳ׷μʦ
ЩʷŵĽζ
апӰƤֱǹԱ
˵𣿡
ϲŵμ˵ķṦΰʱȻһ
ֵɫɷףĵͷֹסĲŵӶڻΡ
褵ı齩ϣһ̾ͲĶƱһȻһͷԵڷϣ˵ƺң˯ᡭ
ȵμ뿪ã褲Ŵ
ժմŵĲҶͷһۣˣµؿڡ
Ƴһۣʵô𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵СʱʶˣȻ磬СʱҲûٱᡭ
ΪȻĵ˵ͷֹ£ֱ̫ˣЩˣ˭Сʱûῡһıӣһ߷Զ߹ǣڴһ£˵ûһȣ·еˡ
ӵķṦΰŵؿֿʼˡ
褰˰֣¶Ʊ˵ˣ˵ˣ÷ҾһΪǰðһҸˣ⡭
ŵҲֻöƱ˶ô˵ˣҪǲһԵЩˡ
褺һֵһ˵һлл÷ҽΧ
һԺǾһˣ
һأȸˣ飡
褾ƣֵҲһ֣ŵľһ㣬˼󣬾Щκˣ֪Լʲôʱϯģ֪ôӴϵġ
ٴ۾ʱǹ㣬ţм
ŵ֮ǰȷӵĴϣΪζô˯һʲôо
ȻҲֻ
˿ҹɫʱѾˣӦùʱ򣬽Ҫθһ
ŵӴǰӰͬվһˮߵǰĬĬĵݸ
ŵ֮ÿڿʣӹ豭˹һһŽ豭˵лл
μû˵ʲô豭ŻϣȻ߻ڴ̺õı¡
ŵ΢΢һڵԼ
һϰˣŵǵһξãиӣͦҸġ
ֻѵʱΪһˮʣҲŵǰδйľ
ո˯ѣ˿ûʲô˯⣬Ǳ㿿ڴͷ飬˼ҳŵȻ˵ʵ˵Ļ㲻طϣÿǶһ޶ģеŮӶҪ黭
ŵȺ飬ĶŮӵҪйŴҲĵ£ӣŮŮ졢յǻʶĶǼӷʶĶֵĻϣһЩ黭ĲգǾ͸ıˣŮӵİҲǾ˵¡
ı׼ԼӣûһǺϸġ
϶ģδؾǶԵġ
褿ŵϣ˺롣
ݵĳĬ֮μƽ˵ûзϡ
Ǿͺá
ŵҲûٿڣĿ顣
һĬμ˺Ȼʵ˶ϲŮ𣿡

ᵯ٣壬дʫử
ŵһ߿飬һ˵ҲǣܲײˣŮӵľϲݵģϲֵģϲ˵ģϲС˵ģ飬Ҫÿ˵ƫãϲģҾûǶá
ŵϲģŮӣʵܼ˵ı
ŵҪĲǱҪʵʵڵı
磬ˣټʲôȻ֮֮ǹ㣬ʽŷ֮ǰǸͨˣҪǸ
μûٿˣŵֿ˻飬ٴϮ
ƽʱһ˯ʱİҹ᲻Ѿ߳һߣİȫһߣܿڳζıн硣
ߵĵϣμ˫Ժŷݶһƽ
ĳһ̣ƽĺȻһ΢΢һĨȣڰз·лȻţϧ˯˵ŵδ


51 ٻ
ڶһ磬ŵ𴲵ʱ򣬴ߵıѾʰˣҲӰ
˯òԺ˯һ
һٻиûڸڣӾ˯ߣ˯֮ǰǴİȫУȻ˯ġ
ڴչһ壬´֮ϴƷѷϡ
ϴϣŵߵԺûӣܼѾˡ
ܼܹܼңʵҪǸԼİȫ
ŵߵͻʱ򣬴뿪֮⡣
ʱѾˣ֪θѾߣתһŵ뿪θǰá
߳θʱŵһͷ׵߲
߻ﱧһ飬Ѿ߽θʮಽͣ½Ųͷһۡ
˿ǰδ֪θλݡ
ⶼҪ˿ǣģһҪ顣
˰µ̽ѾȷţĽеġŵ硱ѧϣź衣
ͨǳ׶ķʽĺͯɬѧݱ£һѧҲҪʰ·硣
Сӣֱʥ塣
ȻϽǵĿȴڡκһ֣֪ܲܽ
ھ˶ԣѧһա͹ˣΪƾֻ˾֮⣬кܶ⣬漰ѧ
һ⡣
ȻڡķΧ֮ڣȴսĻ⣬٣ܱȵо죬ռһ˿Ȼ
ܶʱһ˿Ȼܾһսʤ
⣬Ҳоûо
ϣôһѧûн۵⣬һСȷʵЩЩ̫εĴҲȷʵԼѧǰһһӡ
á

һ·֮ϣθǲͣĺк΢΢ͷʾ⣬ţ߹ȣһ䡣
һСӰѾڷˡ
ÿομˣЩΣԼûн̺
ã
Ľվʺá
˵ͷ飬һȲʵǵĹ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ûУĹ̫ˣ褸磬ҵǶ˵ᡭ
Ҳû˵ʲô⣬ͼλѧ̩ûоμǻᣬˡ
ʼգģֻĽеŵ硣
ĿĽʱĽ˵ͷ˵ˡ
һ㶣㲻˵Ҳ𣿡
ĽƳһۣһ°ͣ˵ǲᣬҼŵᰡ
ƭӣ
˫ֻŤͷȥ
Ľһ㶼ƭŵٴˡ
û˼˫̥óܣæʵôģ
һѧϣѾԼȴѧ⣬ˡ
ĽЯСȡѧСӣһҳ
һۿͼʱѾˡ
ѧһӣܶʱȱٵֻһ˼·
ϣ˵˼·Ȼ˾
ǼʵʵǼ貵ĹâɢЩе¶֮µࡣ
ǱСӣĿ¶âһϡ䱦̲סЦʵǾ˵ȾĽⷨǼϼһһ벻
μ˿ۼĳиֳһͷ
⣬ĪǳҲ᣿
ЩţǴĵѧ̩;ѧ£̳˶λ״Ԫ
Աѧ˵ѧһ˼Ҿվɽ۵Ĵڡ
ôѧ⣿
μ˵ߣʶԼЩʧ̬ˡ
˵ĽĹɵĺܺãһö䣬Ȼе㼱£ͲѧˣԼϰϰ֮ǰѧİɡ
ϳǿĵѧΣĽȻˣ뿪ﻹǵϰܳȥˡ
μ˿ųҴȥıӰĵ϶ر𼱣žˣһ͵˼ңҲܽɣżʱ򣬾Ȼȥġ
Ժ
ΪĴԺ֮һԺڴĶ˵ĿеλĸߣԺλãҲԽڳϷռ㣬Ժɽˮޱȡ
ﱾһʼ԰֣ΪνԺԳ͢Ĺףĳһλʵۣصؽ˻ʼ԰ѡΪԺַ޽µԺ
ĴԺԺר䣬佫ҡɽԺֵƣϪԺ黭˫Ժѧ㣬߳ϵĹ٣ĴԺ
˿̣ԺɽߵһСԺС
λͷ׵ߣΧһͼֽǰֳľߣʱЩʲô
⣬оˡ
˵Ѿó˴𰸵ķΧѧһžȷĿĿĴ𰸣ֻһǶԣֻȷΧԶԶģΧѾĺСˡ
˼䣬һӰִλƵ߽
ھ۾˼˭Ҳûз֡
ߵصĿһ죬ͬʱͷ
ǣĿ˵ϼһһųѧ̩ôô򵥵ⶼⲻϷʧ
СԺ֮ڣͬʱͷһüͷһʵϼһˣ
°ϵĺ룬˵Ȼּ򵥵⣬ֵϷ˼ԾãǾͳϰɣѧһϷǱǼǿ
üͷ΢ϼһδ̫ˡ
˶Ժ˵ѧڴѧ磬̩֮ƽ˭Ҳ˭
һλһ˵ǿôġ
һӣжľߣͼϻ˼ʵʵȻֽ߱ϡ
λûĿĶϵͼֽ
⡭
֮ʹڵߣ
˵λ⣬⣡
ϼһľԴҲ־Ľⷨ
ѧһӣ⣬ֻƾ⼸򵥵Ѿа׷̲סڡ
û뵽յ⣬ⷨȻ˼򵥡
ǲģֻһ
ɶѧԣƫƫһѵãҲҪġ
ĽⷨƼ򵥣ȴȫĳˡڵѧķ룬һȫµ˼·
оһӡ˼άһ룬ѱŷµ˼롣
ò˵ճµϼһһǹĿ࿴
ȻһӣеĲһЩġ
һȡһֽݸ˵ϼһٿҪܽ½ͳǿ
ӹֽɨһ֮󣬽У˵ϷнⷨϷθλСѾͷϿοҪٵˣȵٸǽ󡭡
˵꣬˿ڣת߳СԺ
뿪Ժͷһۣ˸תθķ񱼶ȥ


52 
ʱ䣬ŵʹ˳
ÿİԽԽˣеİӶˣ죬Ⱥٶͷ
ɼףѣŹһ죬ŵѾʼЩˡ
ܼϣŵȥʵүؼ𣿡
ŵҡҡͷ˵أȥμҡ
ȥҲһˣ̫ˣμңýĽƣȻҪǣμңϿԺ˯
ĵһ죬Ͳ㱻Ѿ˯дɱˣŵԼӺܼ֮˶ġ
ߣ˯ðȡ
ŵصμʱĽڸμһ˫СȭͷĻ磬ÿһȭжųƵ죬ŵһȭܴĹͷ
ܼ˵Ľõ츳ܲƺֻĽ֮·
һ;ûнݾ츳ŬȱһɣҪȰټ֮࣬ҪǿԼõļ֣ɾ͡
ֿ࣬󲿷ֽȨӵǲԸԵġ
в츳ȴģڡ
ǸҪԼȥУǿԸϥǰ
˵ŵԼҲЩȨеһԱ㣬Щ츳ķϵļһﲻͬŵֻĽ
ӵȴϧģǱġ
ĽĿ˻Ľŵط˱飬Ժڵͤп
һĽıܹ˵ʵŵ磬ԺסǼ𣿡
μ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ˹
ŵ͵ýһЩҲĽÿܣĻˡ
μ˲δ˵ʲô֪ÿ춼ҪȥãҲδ룬ÿĽμҺңЩ鷳סμң˶㡣
μҳԹĽһѧŵ
ŵɨһĿûǰһֱӸ⡣
һսйصĿԵйĺȻ֣һӴĵҪ̵ʱڸϸĳǳ֧Ԯ
֮䣬ֱģӪͳǳ֮һƬĮֱߵĻٶȻΪͣ·Ȼٶȸ죬ߵ·ҲԶ
Ҫһ·ߣʹǳõʱ̡
Ŀ롰ƣֵ⣬ⷨȴȫȻͬѶҲһ̨ס
ֻһЩ⵹Ҳ󣬵ѵڣģ͡⣬ҪõǺںҲǳŻѧݡ
ĵѧڻ׶ΣûзչǺ
ŵϡǵãһѧҲǵŴйġ
㾭еһ£ΪɡоҲޣ漰ֻѧ⡣
⿴Ƽ򵥣ʵĳˣƾѧеֶΣû취ó𰸡
ŵĽôãĿǰѧˮƽʮⲻֽ׶֪ʶ
Ľöû˵ʵŵ磬Ҳ𣿡
ŵˡ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ǲᣬɣŸ㽲ܲ
Ƭ̺󣬿һãȻĽμˣŵ˰֣˵ˣ˵ȷЩѡ
ӺĽˮƽǺ˽ģյĽҲϡ
ŵ֪ѧڣĽֲȥƾ٣˵ˣĿڿƾУҲûܴ
Ҳǡ顱жѣɸΪ֮Ǹ֪߱ʶֻ漰ѧݣ˵Ҳ޽֮ա
ֺĽһ壬ɫ𽥰
ŵص䣬ǰоǣӾȻҲڴ߿飬ŵۣǡ˵ġ
˵Ǽ䣬Ƿ
ŵֲǶʶʲôֵýģƾʲô˵ӣ´ҪǴһȺ۶ӡ
ţŵ顣
Щоŵ֣һ治Ǻ޵ģȻʵңңȣǿߵĽҲ̫ˣգʲôѣ٣նƤ
ֿӦоУͷжģûȫʬ
еĹУȨ̫֮࣬ǰӭҵı
ŵԽԽĵ׷ϣƺҲûôˣܵһ飬ٿЩֲĶ㿴ӻһ
תͷȥʱμ˿ڴߣ飬۾ȴѾˡ
ŵεҡҡͷ治Ƕϡ
ŵ߹ȥڴߣĴ
ò˵ȻûĻҲôͻƾֲеȱ㡣
Ŀŵոܴģõһ
ŵĳֱžϣĽë˲һ˫Ŀ
Ŀӣãŵƿߣ⣬Ц˵㿴
μĿȥҹһƬ¡


53 
θúܽŵԶ˯һ
ʱ򣬴ߵıʰˣҲӰ
ŵԴѾϰߣ򵥵ϴ󣬾ͺܼһͬǰá
߳θʱһκλͷ׵߲
ľθǵĿоһϣҲûʲôͷ˿Щڡ
ʵǲӦǼϼһǰºڣŵҲᣬɾͶˡ
Ⱥţһ䣬˿̻ûϿʱ䣬Ľûй
ֹԼĪӣòſС߽䡣
ã
ʺ֮󣬳װµӣʵǵĹΣ𣿡
ͬǣһΣͬʱҡҡͷ
пһ£ǰɣ⣬ѵǸҲ᣿
һ̣Уͬʱӿֳʧ
ʧǲܼϼһǰҫΪҲʲôᣬýһѧһһ
Ǵ
ˣڵǸĽ˭Ľ
òһģһҲû˿ķֱ𣬾ǽ£Ҳֲ˭˭
Ľվ˵Ľ
ĿƵϣʵ칦εǵ⣬λŵҲ𣿡
Ľҡҡͷ˵ŵ統Ȼᰡ̫ˣ
⵱Ȼѣĸϼһһûоóû뵽ǣĿȻҲûסŵҿӣں̵ܶʱھ͸˴𰸡
Ȳʵôģ
ĽǵЩµḶֱ́ӽԼСӵݹ˵ŵŵѽⷨдˣԼɡ
СĽӹⱾСӣһҳĿȥ
һ롣
롣
һӡ
һӣƣûжһ£Ҳûп˵һ仰һľֻʱʱתһ¡
Ľܳȥˣǿûš
֪˶ãŻеĲӡ

һ̣ĽԼҲ
ȻһоѧľֱֽǼԲŵһģֻûвеİ
ŵпһλѧš
˵Ȯӣѧ츳丸֮ϡ
ĳһ̣Ȼθſλιӡ
Īǣŵ
߳䣬һСʵĽǸŵ磬ʲôʱ
ûлشߵһܿˡ
Ľһǧ˵ŵϳˣҪʱŻʱҼңʱԼң첻֪᲻
̾˿૵Ļˡ
ΣֿУһЩѧճδΣҴ뿪θ
Ժ
С
λΧһǰĿʱʱһԺſڵķ
˿ЩƣΪһҹδߵԵʡ
ͬѧ̩һӣ˭ԸԼճµģҹ˼һҹȥûκͷ
ĳһ̣Ժ֮⣬ڴ˽Ų
飬ո̤СԺ߱ͬʱ˹
˵Ŀ⣬Щ顣
δֳʲôߵߣ˵ǿЩƣѵҹû˯ã
˲û˯ãѹû˯
һλ߰˰֣żɽ˵ϻˣǵ⣬㵱Ѿ뵽˽ⷨ
Ƴһۣ˵Ȼһƭǲɣ
ȡһֽ㣬ݸߡ
߽ӹֽ㣬ҲΧ˹Ŀһʱ˹ȥ
ֽǵĿֻԭĻϣ˼ʵʵȥµӡ
ֽϿհ׵λãднⷨⷨǿ
ͬһĿȻĽⷨȻдĺϸеļؼ裬ȴ֪õġ
һλҪѯʣпһ£˵ɣɣλųѧ̩ҲͰˣòⷨɣ
һ仰ͽߵĻ˻ȥλҲʱѹѯʵ˼
仰赭дĻʵ̫ǿ
ѧһǿһģڴ½ǾԵ̩
ȻѧһǲΪԼ֪Ҳ⣬δ
ⲻһ£˽ˣԼȴⷨһ¡
濴Ҳֱӿѯϼһ
ȥĥĥܲ͸е
һλĿⶢֽֽϵݼȻ˵ճµģδ̫СϷˣⷨϷȻöֻϷȻһҪ£ڴ⣬ġ
˵꣬Ŀֽͣһᣬȥ
һλҲֽƿߣ˵ϷҲջԼ˵㡭
ոõĽڱˣһλ߷Ŷͷ˵ϷȻЩʣȻȥϢˣټ
ܿģԺھֻʣ³һˡ
ǣ׾ӵĽڡȿֺ룬¶м֮ɫ
Ƭ̺߳Ժ¿˿ȷ˸棬ٴθ񱼶ȥ


54 㰡
磬ŵûܼԷ
ȻϲĲˣڱ˼Ҳ䷹Ҳ˼
Ȼԭ˽΢ѲȥˣֻһˣŵҪӡ
ʹ˵ʮ꣬ĳɻƫ磬ˣʮ֮ǰѾˡ
˳ɻ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ɷ̴棬ŵ˴л
ദ
θòԶŵԻθԷ극ӷС˯һ
⼸ѾûʲôˣŵͲÿ춼ȥ
ذ֮⣬ЩճľСϼһʡʱ䣬ҲЧʡ
ʡµʱ䣬ѧϰ
է磬ŵ˽̫ˡ
׵鷿ܶ࣬Ҳȫ
漰ʷģѧ֣񷨣и֮˵һ޴ı⡣
ܼһصθŵո߽ţȻһӰŷ߳Щŵʵʣŵӣ
ŵعͷλЩߣ˵ͷ˵ŵ˼ǡ
ЦЦ˵Ϸճ£ĽСѧ
Ȼûмλŵ֪ˡ
λӡǣ˶ڡоǺģǲô飬и꺢Ӳôѿκҵģ
ŵʵʲô𣿡
һ˵еѧ⣬ɲ̹ӣ
ȡһֽŵɨһۣ΢΢һ㶣ⲻĽǵ
ֽϵ֣ʱдġ
Ϊ漰ǺʱⲻˣŵҲûиȥ
棬ûѧʱôġ
˰죬ѧᰡ
ȵȡ
ŵȻ뵽һ飬Լ⣬ûɸĽκҵҵǸԼģ
ŵĿһɨһ죬˵Ϸе֪ĽСһλѧң̲ס˿У˼빫֡
ŵϺһ˼Ҽƽϣʵҽⷨдˣ￴
ָУʵﵽôõģ
ŵϣģǺһⲻܽ͵ģŵûбʣǽȥ˵ɡ
߽θһԺ
μ˺ĽԺŵߵԺڵʯԣĽȡֽʣȸռǺĸ
ǽѧģЩĽⲻˣȴ׾ܽܡ
Ҳ֣ĵѧйɵĸѧЩ졣
⣬ҲѧĻϣټһתԼνϵ˼롣
ѧĸܼˣֻҪһߣһǣʹֵʽеĳϵתΪ⣬𰸾һĿȻˡ
ŵĽ⣬һֽþԡ
˫΢΢ǵУ
һ̣ĳЩٹ̵Ķ׵߸
ѧ
оһѧһᵽѧּµľ
ŵôò˵ʵﲻģ
⣬Ȼգڵѧ˵ǹڳǰˡ
Ҳŵٸһ顣
ع̵֮ƣʵǵ𣬴ΪʦѧһϷӦóƹһ
֮ǰֻŵһλ˼ݵѧš
ֱ˿̵̣ʶŵĲжôĴ
ٸʮꡢʮ꣬Ҳ벻˾Ľⷨ
û뵽ôŵæˣˡ
ȻϷûأЦϷһӣڼѧ̩շ֪ˣ죬ƽѧһǡ
˫鱧ʦͽ֮񣬶ŵľһ˵лӽ󡣡
ŵ֣ҵҵ
վǰ˵ļ϶ѣҲֻʱûʲôýġ
һӰվڲԶĿһĻ
μ֪๫ܴȴҲû뵽ѧ̩Ҫѧ̬ȣ⡭
ֽСŵպ⣬ɷ񾭳̣
ŵЦЦ˵̸ϣǿһ̽֡
˵лл
˳Ľܹŵĸ첲˸Сǣ˵ŵ磬ܵˣ
ԶһСӰӲ󣬿źŵôܵĽݺݵĶ˶ţһܿˡ
һԷʱŵ͵͵˶һۡ
ϳ˯ţ͵ʱ򱻷ˣ˺һû˵ʲô죬Ҳʲô鶼ûзһ
˵˵ŵĵһӡܲ
ôӴӡҲ𽥸Ĺۡ
ȷǶ˵㣬ԸҲ䵭ģŵʼΪôŵҲ֪Ǵֻһᣬȫ
˵ףҲһʮŮǻһͣȴΪʮǰ׵ĳŵͼΪޣ޵Ļһɵӡ
ںʮŮӣҲ͸ոոбҵ飬ҴҪǿƲֵġ
ڴģȴѰ
ŵΪ򱧲ƽ
μĬĬĳŷȻҲע⵽ŵʱʱ͵Ŀ⡣
ЩϰߣɵʱһĿ⡣
С󣬳֮⣬ûĿ⿴
˿ĿУηͲ͸ɴֻʣηˡ
һĿ̺ġҲ֪Ӧôݣ֮һִδйģ顣
Թŵص䣬׼˯
μҲص˷䣬ǰ飬Ǳ˵ġ
ŵڴϣȥȴ޷˯
˵Ѿ˰£Ѵʱ򣬻Щȡ
μʱĶ飬ʵ𣿡
żķʵͦߵģŵҡҡͷ˵ǣ̫ˣе˯š
μ룬ߵߣ˵ָҡ
ŵɻʱѾס֣һ̣ŵͲһ˿˿Ķͨƽ壬תһȦӦĴһеȱһɨգֻʣһˬĸо
ŵ⼸쿴˲飬Ҳйģ˲ףеģǺԵĹղŽģһԵ
ܵһڶˬŵڵлл
μû˵ʲôصߣ顣
ŵϰԵ˯Ȼŵһֵܰ㡣
û֮Ķϣȴһֵģӻһζ
ŵ˯ĴѾϰζ
ֻҪŵζһĪİȫУ˯˯ر㡣
˿Լղűչ֣ʶᣬ̧ͷʱһͶߣĬĬĿڣӣõʲôԡۣ㰡


55 
˯һʱٱ
ŵȥõģߵԺĽ˵ȥϹ䡣
ŵҲûоܾȻҲдˣÿúͼһߡ
ʼսһңûкúõ
һȥҲ١
ʱֵĽֵϣһСӰ
ŵμ˸ǣĽһֻ֣ڳĽͷܰһڡ
ܼŵ󼸲ԶĵطеĹעȺżһүٷˣ¶Цݡ
гһգҪܿүٷǣԼĺӣ޺ˡ
ݵĻ֮ȫעľΧ
ү̫࣬в֪жڶһһκβүпܽĿүϡ

Ľһ·ϺܻԾóԵʳߣ̲סͣ½Ų·ߵˣݣҲҪվſһ
æµգѵŵҲȻɳڸС
ĳֽǱݵˣͦʵġ
Χ۰յע£һŮһľ䣬һվ棬νʮѷĳľ䣬ľһ룬ִһ洩͸ðվвѡ
ô೤еŮӣ
־ɣӰγŮӴľ׵ȹȴѪδմķ˼ͷЦΧ۰ҪǮ
ûͣ
ղûϸһΣ
Ҳ⾪մ̼ı׷ͳͭǮӵ̨ϡ
ĽŴͣ۽ˣ˳ŵ䣬ʵŵ磬ôģ
İϷȻġ
ŮӲľ䣬϶Ƶħŵֽܡ
Щͷյĵײգ׬ĶǮ֮ͥ£˷顣
ĽԴ˵ȥ㡣
ʱŵΧļգתͷǷʲôϲĿڡ
ⲻλ𣿡
ʲôˣү
ҼլӱռİӣǴ˰ģ
´İӣҲλ˳ֵģеĶѾˣ˵˳´һӣ´ЩǮһҶ̡
ڳֵİ˵ǿܲʶ˭Բǰү
͢ЩԱǣǺȨһӰţһֻͽȨ˭շϣΪͨգȥЩ߸ϵĴ
λĴˡ
˭ѰշȻҲὫ˭߸߾
û뵽ڽͷˣҲλˡ
ЩնʱŵӵȻھŵ֮ʱ·ʲô谭ǰһˡ
ߣĸͬķ򣬽ŵΧ
˹ͬһֹ֣ЩյĿԷд̿ͻˮ㡣
ŵҲδԤϵİô飬ЩİջֻӦгɾ͸С
һүǶЩ
ҲгĻϳˣǿˣŵֻܴ뿪
үߣ
뿪ã˵صɧҲŽƽϢ
ˣ̯λϣһŮܵԱߵ̯ԣ˹˺˼ڣȻĨĨ죬̯ϵ˵үүǸ˭ôô˶ʶ
ҡҡͷ˵Ȼ֪˭϶ͨˣϵľĻλڰбˣв¶ʮλλŮӣᣬȻ̤˵ľλСϢǴȻ˲żüá
λѾﾳ𣿡
Ůһ㶣ΪԼʮѾ˲ˡ
û뵽һĳͼʶˣ졣
λ㿴ҲͱԼ꣬Ϊȴ߳һ󾳽硣
λСӦòɣȻϢˣʱ򣬻ûʼء
ȥıӰָ΢ҡҡͷ˵ϧˡ
Ůɻʵүүʲôϧˣ
ջߣ˵ƺܰհֻϧԪӣ޻ꡣ
ߵĻŮû˿ɣ̾˿˵Ǻ˲˻ǧ갡

ŵμһһңǣĽڽϣһ·аպк
볤òԶſڰ̯󰸵ʱ򣬸İնΧˣʶĲ
ĽһŴƻҧһڣʵŵ磬Ϊʲôү
ŵشֿ˽ֱĳıǺ«ǱǺ«ʱˮɵģͷ׵ģǺÿĽǣ֣˵ŵ磬ҪǸ
Ǻ«Ļɣһˣժһ֧Ǻ«Ц˹
ŵʵǮ
үǮñַƲˡЦ˵һ䣬еıǺ«ݸŵ˵֧ǹ͸үлүΪǰ
ŻɵݹıǺ«ŵδȥӣȻһ
ֵһ̣ȻһǺ«ڵأһ㺮âȻֱ̳ȡŵʺ
ݣ
ذ״ƿѲһ
ٶȼ죬֮˵ͨˣǵ;ߣҲӦ
ŵƺԤϣ֮ǰһ
еذףҪŵĺԤҪôһ˲
һ˲ӡ
ŵһҲȻ¡
Ϊɸոճ֣һֻƣŵ̽лһӰסذΪĲ֡


56 Լ
䣡
μסذ׵ͬʱɽѹϮ
˫һ˱һεѹڵϣþȫȴͷ޷̧
μɫȻеذڵϡ
ܼҺǰ˻֣ȺȻԾӰǻİס
˵ִɱŵеЦ
ǧΣְѴ̿ˡ
մɣɱ˳ӿĽͷִɱӰ켫ӣɱһضˡ
Լһ˶ûܣҲͽ꣬ǧ
ŵƵƤѪ̿;͵ñ
ɡڶʮıɱߣͽꣻߣʣɱߣն
һз֮ǰŮ̿ͣ㲻ˣҲӦñд̡
ŵ˽ɷܵĹ£ɱȻû취꣬ڿɲǳէĲ񣬲ᱻǸơ
ǻѾˣԹ޵Ŀ⿴ŵҧȫҶú
ž
ܼҺŭһƳȥŴѪݷɳɵȻ˵ĿеԹȴˡ
ܼҿŵʵүô
ŵûԥ˵ȥá
̿ȥŵ˿ס˵Ľμ˵ӣȥãĽȥɡ
μ˵˵ͷ뿪֮ǰ̲סŵ㡭ô֪Ǵ̿͵ģ
ŵЦЦ͵̫̫ˣһڳͷĻɣֱôôôۣڿһ̣ҾͶˡ
μ˰ŵϸ΢Ĺ۲ȴûбֳǣĽ֣˵ĽȻؼҡ
Ŀ뿪ŵſĵ򳤰ȥ
ܼҸղŵλɣϢߡ
ڶߣ̵ʱǻᷭġ
ͽ̼ǧӵĻԪ죬ʮ죬ֵаʮˡ
Ĵ̿ͣŵͲöһ㡣
һһӶࡣ
ܼһûߵãһһӰŵߣС
ŵתͷ˿μˣû˵ʲô
á
˵дŵĴ̿ͱץסˣةԼξ׷׷ͷ飬ҴҸϵá
ӱѺڵϣܼվǰ˵ΪʲôҪдү˭ָʹģ
ͷЦһ˵ٷϻҪɱҪУϤ㣡
ܼһ˵ǸӲͷϷʮ˰ϰһ飬㻹ܲôӲ
ûһɫ˳ǣϼһӣүүҪǺһͲˣ
ããá
ܼ˵֣ɭɭ˵̾߶óϷҪĹͷûôӲ
һ¡
ŵ߳ƳܼһۣԼܺߣô˵䣬ͱأ
ΣܼǶ񶾵ķɣ̿ͷǲηǿȨʿⲻ԰
ŵߵ̿ǰʵҿ㣿
ޣ
³һѪ̵ҿŵÿ죬ʱ㿪
ܼҾûôƢˣһŽߵڵأŵ˵үҪϻˣֱϳȥȱˣʡ鷳
ȱиƨ㶮㷨вС
ŵĿһۣܽ˴ҪɷãôˣЩĹʲô
˵̣ọ̇̄м̵ˣΥɷģ¹Աᱻְͣ졣
һûȨ
ŵĻϵЦ̬ˣҪǸˣ͸һʹ죬ͷһ̣ʮһú
ŵӲĴܾ̿ͣﲻԡ
Ĳԡ
ǡһﷸܺ˵棬ƾʲôôߡֱ׳
һһһһӣɱˣˣ
ŵվǰ˵ҪɱңҲҪ֪ɰɣ
ӳ˳ǣЦᵳӪ˽Ȩר壬̰ı˵ȹ˵ö֮ɱһңǧǧңʿҲɱĹ⣬ɱľ𣿡
ŵһ£˵ϴˣŵ
֣ôôأ
ŵܼܿҴӸ鷿Щϣд֡
Ŷͽ
ᵳӪ˽Ȩר壬̰ıЩɶʲôôʣκһĳλԱͷϣ˵Ǹù١
ЩʳһϣʣһһͷţﻵĹ֮顣
ŵţһλ˧ĸˡ
Ŀߵӡ
μתͷȥ
Ŀܼҡ
̧ܼͷ졣
Ŀ
ܵͷء
ƺ˶ڻر⣬Ը𾴵˼ܼҶĵûз
֮ŵƺʲô
Ů̿ͱߵĿ⡣
ſڣֱȡһ
Ϊһ֮ΪʲôҪͷķѣҲû˵֣ΪʲôЩйԱϥС
ȨĿΪʲôҪףܼΪʲôһֱ޷ңҲΪʲôֻҪУҪﰵĻ
˿̣һеһУƺ˽͡
о𣬹Լ


57 ط
ŵԽĵһ죬͵֪ĸǵ䣬߷ԺԺӵĿǡ
ʱΪЩĴɱǺڶӵĴ
˰죬Щʿ
Ǻڶ
Ȼʲôû˭ôһ
ŵܼңʵ˵Ķģ
ܼ¶ɫһûлشŵ⡣
ĳĬѾ˴𰸡
ŵڵ顣
һ̣·ᵽǷʹ
ǰ屡죬һıԼȴй
嵨ǿκθȴͨ
ŵҪ壬ͼĸףȴһ
ģ̬˰
̫ӺңҪúþ
εʵӣ̿͡
ȹŰɡ
ŵ˻֣תȥ
μǵįӰĬĬĸ
ܼ̾˿Ҫɱ˵ĿǴ̿һۣҲ̸ȥ
֮ϣޱΡ
ܵˣԤϵ龹Ȼᷢչ
֪˶ãةȿʵˣڸô죿
ʼ磬˵ô죬£ȰؽȺá
˵ڳͷִɱǳøùܵ飬ɱ⣬ŵ֮ǰģҲֻнпѺ
ܿģӾͱסֽţѺôΡ
λ佫ؽһηţһĿһۣıӵȻд̹ӣ㣡
ӿҲǣǽϣ۾·Ѿ
ĳһ̣ӶηУȻһ־ϲ𣿡
ϤȻ۾ηһӰ΢΢һ֮ͬϲС㣬ô
һ̣ϵľϲͱ𾪣С㣬ô
Ůץηդ˵ΪɱĶӣץģôҲ
һ£˵ҲǴɱǸץġ
ŮһϾ¶˽ź͵֮ɫ
Щ죬Ѿˡ
ŵŵǼүǺˣӦñɱ˫ۣ˺۵޹֮ˡ
Щ죬ŵÿһ飬˵ˡ
ĸףȫ෴ˡ
ӳź˵ϧòײŵȵĻᣬʧˣûɱǸүˣи״˱ѩޡ
ûɹ𡭡
Ůԣ˿
ʱӼʵС㣬һ꣬㵽ȥһֱ㡭
Ů˵ڱǰ˽˳ȥһҵң˵ǿ԰ұ֮ǽҺܶڴɱ飬ְһ
һľʮ⣬૵ǸȻûɱ㡭
Ů촽˶ӵ˵Ǹ˵ĶӣһǸˡ
һ£üС㣬㲻ҪһЩƭˣЩ£ҲϧΪӼʵһ£ڸǰе𡭡
ƺǱӵĻҡη˶ݵĳĬ
ʱη֮⣬Ժ˵ı鶼ܸп
ة̾˿૵˵ѵĲ֪˵飿
ξ治֪
ᵳӪ˽Ȩר壬̰ıЩݴˣʵв
³˾֪ΨĶӲ֪Ƿ̰
С֮ʱӰ˽
ǰģһλŵӣ󣬻żλӰ
˾ĸûκα飬بŲĺ
ˣ
ӵһ̣˵һ
ôΡ
ʱһ꣬ٴμʶԹȻ˵Щӣֵø˵顣
ĸףǹ˼ҵĻԺӶ˶Թ˼Ĺ˴Сһ𳤴䲻÷ҲҪõѣȻδǹ˼ҵ˿
ֻһǰױݣĸĸֳ˼ˣֻԺڣȫ
һģֻˡ
ӿηʯǽϣޱź˵ԲС㣬ܣ׺͹˴˵ĳûлᱨˡ
ȻͷĬƬ̣Ȼһ£ʵˣôģ
˵£ΪҲֳһ˿ɻҡͷֻ֪ǰҹ֮ǰܼС㣬ܵظҲ˴˽ˡ
뵽ԼľȻ˿˵㲻մɷﲻ౻ͽ꣬ǧ
µŵ޷ҡ
޷ң漰оϣһᰴɷ£Ӱ쵽С
һͻһ·
ԣϸֳһ˿ɫ˵ܽҲһҪŬУȡպǹΪ˴˺͸ױ𣡡
ûˡ
ӵո£žηУȻһ
һλŵӣ߽ηߵǰ
˿ӣͬʱڡ

ɱ㣡


58 ȱ
ӳǰһ̣Ůɫ˲԰ס
ӸޱȷŭӴηդ϶֣ȴ޷ӵһƬ½ǡ
ȻȻδɱ˵ĻȴĿ
ӵĿ⣬򱻹ڴεӣƽ˵ĺһıѷΨ˼һԺ֮ⲻ鰸һֱźԲ᰸ˡ
ǵӰŮ˵ҵذ˭֪ôŮӣΪ潵飬ЩˣѵͲǴ𣡡
ĿȻĺ֮Ůʮʴӱܸʫͨɣ鷨ݵһŮ֮ơʦ鷨ˣʤһСƮݣܳҡ
ͣ٣ٴοڣ˵ȷһλ鷨ʦƽӲյӣʱĸһƪøԺÿ˸ĴΣ鷨Ϊ鷨츳ʵĸÿǧӡ
Ȼŭ˵ʦôôӣ
ݵİ֮󣬶ηڣӵС㣬ģûСΪôһʼҪǧ̰Ĳ㣬Ҫүÿǧ
ʹǣϣ˵ġ
Ȼ΢΢һ㶣ãȻ
ʱӼ˵ò˵ĺȻһù٣ȴһøףŮ谮ϰ鷨õֽΪԻǣһһߣ֮īΪͩīֵ֮Ȼƽ𡭡
Ȼ˵һƷٺȴݹլΪŮÿǧӵ鷨õֽīܹһʮ˽ʳѵûЩľ޶Ǵģ
ЩŮס
ʼľǽʳҪʲôʲôżϲĶֻǶ࿴һۣѾֱ߱£ûӣҲ֪õֽīʲô۸񣬸֪׵ٺ»٣пΡ
Щ飬û˸߹
ӱ֣˵㲻֪ɡ
ηеŮڣϣ簮ӵȴ̰ܻߣ̰·̣ͬʱ˰ıɡǹٷ˹ᣬʱ䣬رŮӣͳ֮ЩŮӱ°֮ص¥ֻɽ첻Ӧеز顭
עŮ۾һһٵ˵ЩŮеľԾˣõÿһֽÿһīմǵѪ
Ůɫɷףƴҡͷⲻܣģⶼƾ߸
ĿӣǸǸεˣЩ飬һ֪
ϣ׿ڸЩǼٵģĹ£
ȻȴδֻǶҧ˵Щ֪ٵĿ࣬үٵģô̰ʲôʷʲôѲʷʲôĹԱ̰ͱ̵ʣˣ
ϸֳһ˿˵ʲôݣΪ֮һִܵ˾һ֮£֮ϣ㶼õͷүأүֻһƷĻܲЩ飬үǾͻỻʱүһҶк³үô죿
˵¶ŭɫݺݵ˵ο壬֪ͬ־֮ʿЩᵳӪ˽Ȩר͢㻹̰ıҳ֣ļ㣬ʿ޲ɱ죬ʲôʸ˵Ҽү
Ůԣнһ⣬Ϩ
һֱǵ֧ߵڵҲȻ
ģԭ˵Ķġ
Ժĸףԭˡ
СܵһУЩ޹ġ
Ůηǽϣͣ·𱻳ꡣ
ҡҡͷӣ˵Щ˰Ƕű˵Ĺȴ֪˼Լǹ˼ˣλǹŮҲˣͬмңǼǼѵһƽ𣿡
˰˰֣Ц˵˵ôûʣүǱǵĵ˶ѣ飬үҪһǧһ򱶣Ǹˣ
Ķǰ֮ˣ˵ֻأĹ˭͵Űɣһ죬ֵҼϧҿһˡ
΢΢ҡͷԹ˼ҵĹϧģô˵ط
Ƭ̺һӰ߳ôΡ
Ժ˲ΡΡվţɫةξɫ԰ףҲѱ亹ʪ͸
գܹСʵˣ̿ͣӦôã
䣬ȱаɡ
ı鵭Ȼᣬ˵һ΢顣
ȱаɡȻֻ֣ȴڳһ󵨺
ĵַֻ̣ʽһԻʣԻն
ȱСڡɡ涨ķΧ֮ڣҲ̲ͨˡ
֣˵ġ
̲ͨˣҲҪͨµ󣬶һ仰ȴƹֱ̲Ӿһ˵
ʮ֮ǰ»ʱ򣬴жҪöʩС
Ѿʮ겻񣬴ɷȨڴһ˵
˵ȱУǴ̿;;Բб
ʱãſڡ
һӱѺ˳ǿаһųϡ
İռ״ʼΧۡ
̣ڽЩӵĳãʲôϡ£ÿ춼ܿҲϰΪֿ֮
Ⱥлй۲ϸģܿͷ̵Ĳͬ
ףΪʲôҪڵϣ
ܰɡ
ΪʲôҲˣ
ҽУ
֪ǰҲû

Ǽˣûн˰ڵϵģҲз˻ᱻסͣɻ䣬еѾ߸̧Ȼݺ¡
ǣ
ÿ£ᴫѵ
ƺΪ˼ʹǷ˵ڵϲϵŤҲʵΪӵ޷ѡ
ʱףΪʲôҪҶסˡ
Ҫȱа
ÿһȣǱŽȥġ
Ȼʮ֮󣬱ڵϵӰûκζˡ
һѪӿεδڵϣܿͽȾ졭
һǰ̽̽ıϢȻתιõģʬϴˣ


59 ĵһ
ſڣΧ۵İⳡ棬ղŻڽΧۣ״˳Զ¶Ⱦֵı顣
ǵУɻ𾪡
˵׷ʲôȻڳſڣȱУ
ֳ棬ǻһӣǵһμ
һ߽ãվԺ˵شˣѾȱС
˵ͷĿ⿴ܣȻ˵ˣܽ԰һ֮нʮû˰ɣ
ةξһ㶣ʲôˣȻʮǰʶ
ϼһ˿Цݣ˵ˣʮꡣ
Щӣл˶ŵչˡ
æҲңʵǹڰ¹٣¹ٸлӻء
֣ɫһףֻȴֻļ˵أһ׵飬ԺʲôѴҡ
лˡ
ĿӰԶȥܳ˿
ʱֻáͨةξͬʱ£һ˱һȣ޵һѱһᡣ
ǰҶ飬ðˣ˲С˹ԭǰɣ
Ժһ˵Ļ˷Źǣ
ܿžŵĶˣȻ˵λǸʲô˵֮ǰѾȥ𡭡
ةξί
ǰֻΪ˵Ĺ˭뵽ǶʮѰ
ԺʲôѴҡ
˭˭仰ŵԺȫڳߡ
ڰǸ߸ϵĸĸ٣ȨǺͨûκ
ſڱȱеģǲ۵Ĵ̿ͣҲܻ⣬ֻλ˵һ֮䣬ܲ壿
ַǣҡͷ˵λ˲ˣǰ鲻ˣΪĸĸ٣ҵȵͨΪշǽѲǡ
ǣ
˽ѵǣ
˴ӵĹٷ°ڵĳة̲ס棬Сʵˣǰôû˵ʶء
˵ʶˣǲ͹Ļ֮ǰЩ飿
ܿһۣ˵͵͵ٺǹʽ飬̫֪
̵ͷģġ
ǵӰʧķܱ㱣䡣
ʥʮ꣬ʮˣƾ٣ʿһһ˶ռ״Ԫ˸£Ķ󣬳Ůɡ

ԼҲʮˣƾ٣ʿһܽ԰Уϣ˴ӵޣϯ䣬ޡ
һξԶĻ䰡

ڳſڱȱУɲһС¡
Ҫ֪òûдȨ
жҪ̲ˣɴº׼ܸʩС
Ҳ̵ʧ˵пܴˣʮȣͽ˻˵֮ˣһʼǱȱȥġ
õĹԱûӡ
Ϣں̵ܶʱ֮ھɢȥѸٴ˳š
ǵȻܿͲȥ
Ķӣڳͷɱ
̿ʧֱ
ãȱ̿͡
ϢʱҲãǴ̿͵֮࣬аһ
Ҳҷ
Ůɫôһɵӣ˵Ѿɵˣĸûӵļһȥɱ
ɱһ·
ɱĶӣҶӾⲻʲô
ô࣬вȨǻʼҹС
ЩĻӣȥм˸ҹô
޴Ĵ̿ͣûбǧУٴôȫʬڵظ͵ְɡ
ǰҲûô
ȱУǶǴ̿͵ĳͷҲǶ˵塣
Ժ˭ҶĶӣ̿;ǵ³
ûͬ޴Ĵ̿ͣΪҲҲк
ɴɱ֮ƣһ죬ͬ飬Ҳֵͷϡ
ȱзϴɷ
˼
ڴģǷ
Ȩն࣬Ȩ㳯Ұֻ졣
ĵһ

ŵԼһ˹ڷ䣬ϵһѷ鼮ȥЩ̡
˵ʵ֮ǰĸףǺܾġ
֮ǰֻ΢ĩƽ
֮ѳɴ¹
Уֻ˲ʮʱ䡣
һ档
һֱŵΪΪţͼȷ棬ôûϵǽᵳӪ˽Ȩר壬̰ıĴ
޸ƨķҰ
ϰһնϸף
ʲôնƷԱ
ƷֻǱϵƷյȨԶֹƷǳһĴ
ο֪ԸӵĸΣûף˼ҾŻˡ
ŵǰܾܼ߶ֹУ룬ᵽġ
ÿһÿһġ
ֻǵʱû⡣
ŵ̾˿Ĳ֪ôˡ
ǰġ䡷һƬãȻ
Ȼ䣬ŵһ
֪ʲôʱ򣬷ϵַ֣˱仯
ŵ
һʮա


60 
ŷϵ֣ŵ۾ȷŲԼۻˡ
ϣʣһٶʮ죬ȴһʮ죬һ£ŵûһμӹô
ǣʲôˣ
ʲôûɰ
Ǵ̿Ȼץˣûôãѵ̣
䣬Ǵ̿͵Ļ񣬹Ȼһҳϡ
̵Ļȷʮŵľ飬ڶߣʮĻϳöԵϡ
մɣﲻзǲϵġ
ĸ
ŵϸ۲һ·䣬ַЩͬ
䡷֮ϣ˵ĻǰģǴ̿͵ҪһЩôɱСƻһ
˵ˡ
ѵԼԺֱɱ
ǣִУҲô찡
ôʵģþ̲ʹµĸˣ
Ϊ̶ȵıԩٴ̸˼֮
£û²ġ
ٶд˾ڣ˿ȥ̲̲ͨ£ǩѺִУҲô졭
Ϊ˸Ȼ⣬ŵȥÿ
ܼҶԺһûһĳźΡ
ʵεģŷϻ˵οԽͳһ¡
ǳˣǳ
үүվߵһ
ķźȻ򿪣ܼȻվعͷ˵ү
ŵ˰֣˵ȥá
ϣܼרһ·϶û˵˳ãŵõļۣˮϴſڵĵ档
ʯ壬ϴǬǬһȾ
ΨпУһɵζ
߽ãܿģ˾ӭ˳
ŵżɽʵǴ̿أ
ʼ磬˵ˡ
ˣ
ŵɴ۾ʵôģ
˵˸ղãǴ̿ȱˡ

ŵµûǴ̿͵̣ȻǼӼˡ
ӼˣǴ߷ԺԺֳذ졣
⻹ǽͲӵʮ졣
ŵˣ˵ղŵ׷ʲô飬һһʮĸҡ
ջܿڵӣġ
Ƭ̺ĽŵһȻ
Ǽһԭһ̷ͨ
ҸŮˣһǰͱͨ͢ˣֱղ
ѹʮԭץ̿˳ץ˸ӷ
ŵ֮࣬ߡ
ǣһ̷ǹӶΪôվڵƸߵ㣬Ѵɱһλ˵ߣȻģ
һǹҸŮﷸ
һΪԩճΪүĵ䷶
ŵǴĹԱ͢ٺ»෴ԼǮÿۻ̰ڣñȼ磬˯ıȹ
ȱУ
ȱˣ
࣬͸ñٴǧٵȥιͷ
ŵıˣ⹷ɣǰװʲôʿȱ˻ã
һָ֧ס
Ǹ鳼ҲǴĵĺ¡
˵⹷˵Ǹļ
ŵܵˣʵҵ˵ǸᵳӪ˽Ȩר壬̰ıļ
Ŀ飬ǲشŵĻ
ŵˣةĲӣһߣЦ˵ŴˣʵңҵǲǼ˵Ҳġ
ةǺһЦ˵عӣ¹ٲ֪ǲǼ¹ֻ֪¹˵Ĺ˵٣¹پ٣Ǽ鳼¹پǼ鳼¹վһ𡭡
ŵӵĿһۣӦʲʲôˡ
ֿξξһŶӣ˵¹ٺȻӺۣ¹Ҫȥéʧˡ
ŵֻܽĿϣЦ˵ӱ̽¹ˣ¹ٸãէʲô֪ξȵңҲҪȥé
ξȺŶȥŵվԺ̾һ
һﵨСҪ֪ʲôҲ˵
˿ԵܼңҲǲʲôģҪ˵Ļ˵ˡ
ŵˣ˵Լȥ顣
Ψһة˵ûǴ̿͹ŮӰľڣ뿴
ةҡҡͷ˵عӣ˰ǣԭĺڳùϽйصİڣֻ̲ʹ²鵽
̲ŵûйϵʵϣֻԳһ㡣
ڴ£Ȼеϵȥ²䡭˸ɲ顣
ղ˵εĴ̿ͣϴμŮ̿ͣƺʲôϵ
Ů̿ͣĺŮӦܵõһЩϢ
ǲ֪᲻Լ
ԼĸɱȫңǺԼǡ
ŵ²͸ǣͬǴɱΪʲôȱӣȴûдŮ̿͡飬ѵҲŮ
еԵɣֻԼ֪
ŵôΣĿĳηηڵǵӰʱɵ΢΢һ㶡
֮ǰŵʱȻܺãʮȻˣ״̬Ҳ
˿̵ޱ㲣˫ĿηĴϣʮԣһʶģ
ŵתͷһ䣬ʵǰôˣ
ҡͷ˵ӱᣬǿûԼġ
佲ľŵ֪顣
ԭΪĸһλ֪Щ¡
ҲˣΪʲôԼ
ŵ̾˿
һ̣Ůһ˿ͬĸо
ĸܡ
ֻʶ׼죬Ǳɱʮ꣬ͬ飬˵ĸܣҲͬն
ѹô㲣ŵΪЩ۸ˡ
һ̣ŵҲЩӵһš
ܼվŵ󣬿˵Ӧ֪飬ү죬Ҳ˺ү
ܼҵĻŵղŵɻ
ܻڣûбȱлնףΪĲ֪顣
һıļںСС
ŵܼңٴʳǸ⣺ҵǼ𣿡
ܼҿŵ۾̾˿˵ʲôǼʲôū֪ūֻ֪ĺ٣飬ȴ磬˶˵үǼĺġ١үɱ


61 Ե
ŵջûȥѯŮ
˺αΪѿˣͬڵĸܣȥ̼
ܼһصԺʱվξ˵Щʲô
ʬȷˣ
ǵĴˣǾʬȻսˣҽڲֺͬ¶෽ڲ˴˵ݣг·壬¼Ҵʿʮ֮󣬾ûټ
Ůʬأ
Ůʬݻδȷϣ·ޣһͷΪ浣ǳһ˼ҵˣ˾һ˻죬浼пܱŮʬ
Ȼ˻ɣΪʲôȥǴ˼ʡ
ǻ˼е⡣
죬Ҳȥʣļҵˣ
ⲶС˵丮
ξoѣ
ŵһֱڹעǰʱһ׮һתͷܼңʵ浣Ǽҵ𣿡
ܼҵıҲ⣬૵ˣ
ŵǼҵˣ
Щӣһֱڲʬݣû뵽ȥһλȻͳ
ܼһع󣬵˵ͷ˵ʮǰˣһʼֻǸɨǰΪ£ϵѾߣү֪ܲŮ̿ͣнģҹү֮ʧˣūΪˣû뵽ˡ
ŵ΢֪顣
ܿ죬뵽ʲôʵ㻳ɣǴ̿Žģ
ܼҡͷǻɣǿ϶
˵үĳк֮࣬κβүҪүϱΪ˲ϧؽͨˣֲڴɱŻүķ¶飬֮ǰѾйܶˡ
ŵ﷢
ɱŻ¶
ܻڣǲס
ԣĳ˵Ѿɹˡ
Ͼүˡ
Ȼҵͽֲӱߣܼ֪飬ԼλֶμеĸףҲ֪ġ
ǰһɱˣѾȱС
ܴҲйء
ŵһֱ֣ߡ
ĿȻܼҡ
ܼұ﷢ëɻүôˣ
ŵ
Ƭ̺ܼ߽ôΣһɻĿү
ŵİӣ֮ϣûκα仯
˿ܼҡ
ղŵ𾪣װġ
ŵ֣˵ˣɡ
ܼҳ֮ŵλȱ첲ȵҲȥվվûб仯еĻһ飬ͬûжһҳ
Ҳǡ
ٲԶֵġ
ҲųǸµ
Ϊ䣬˿ãҪɱͨˣײˡ
ҲпǱָʹɱڡ
䡷ȻҲܵģǽɱ˹ؽη򷨵䲻κʾ
裬ܼɺܷŭҧĶ˻ãҸԸȻıүūҲŹ
ˣ
һ𾪵ŵתͷŮ̿ͣŮ̿ģп裬Լ豳һġ
ŵʵˣ㶼֪ʲô
ŮûлشȻ֮С
ŵΪʲʲôʱһȻηд
Ҳ֪ұʲôˣҵң˵ǿ԰ұ𣬺ǽҴŽңƽʲô飬ҵģϣ˸Ҵţ˵ү˯ˣ̶֡
ŵµû豳󣬹Ȼͬһˡ
Щ˺СģŮ̿ͻ裬жײӴߵĲ㼶
ܾ˵ܵĲãһɵֵˣ϶Ը׺֮ǣ²һѪ𣬼ȻȷλǾһһų
ٴܼңʵҵƽﶼʲôˣ޵֡
ܼ죬һʱ֪˵
ŵʵôˣû𣿡
ܼҵǣ̫ˣū룬˭ʼ˵Ǵʼ˵ɡ

֪˶ãŵ̾˿
Ļ֣治ų
Ϊ䣬Լĸףһ仰ܶųնǳ
֮ϣ̰ٺ岻̰ģη֮ǣһڻµһһȭ޲ó졭
֮У֮ʿҪΪĳͼͷȾͰһͽȵڶʮࡣ
֮ҪҲ
νԵС
ΪĶӣŵѹܴ
ܼңЩεʵټĳãҵѵûһ𣿡
ܼҵȻˣүıǴ£¶ү裬ҵլӣǴʹ͵ģÿ껹ǮƣôҲӦõģֻһƵĻӣҪûүҲûڵĵλ
ү
ܼϲĽţŵ󣬺Ȼһ
ŵعͷη㲵Ů
⻹һүǰġ
ŮŵĿ⸴ӣͷϲŵһľΰγתͷľʵ徹Ȼǵһȡ£¶һâ
Ƽ򵥵ľΣȻڲǬȥľʺ󣬿ȥ
ŵΪҪΪ𣬲ộ棬ҲԼ
ŵɻʱŮսΣȻԼļ
Ѫָ컺ӿܿȾͷһƬ


62 Ĺ
Ƭ̺ŵ߳ôΡ
ҲԹ
һ̣ǻһ
˵ŵ̵ִģҲƽЩˡ
ߵʱŵһ䣬Ϊһ˿ڣٸõη
˿п
õĴΣޣסĵ䣬ѾǲĹֻо̲ͨˣ˴֮󣬲ŻԷ˽ͳһ
·ϣŵе֪Щ굽ʲô飬ŻõᵳӪ˽Ȩר壬̰ıһۡ
һԵܼңЩ飬ǲԼϸ˵ġ
һ仰˵ĺܶԣûһԵĽޣŵҪõ𰸣ԼȥѰҡ
˵𰸺Ҫ
صԼСԺӣŵķ֣ӾȻ
ղڽϣȻԤϣԣһǶ㲻ŵߵߣ˵ղڽϡллˡ
μһˣûʲôлġ
ŵ˵Ļֱ˻
ΣͷС˵ϣһŵεˣǱضĪ
Ȼŵܼͬң߸ڸףܶ飬Լԡ
ӡŵ˽⣬ʵӲǸܺõͻƿڡ
ŵ룬£۾ֿ˵ӣϣεľˣҿɲ㼸⣿

μһ
е㲻Լġ
εˣԼ
Ȼзܾ֮ӵΣ׵Ķִ
εˣôԼ
ŵޱμ˲¶ۼĵͷ˵ʰɡ
ŵҵ顣
μ˳ĬƬ̣΢΢ͷ
û˵ģݣ˵Щʡ
ô˵ˣҪǲӦǹΣ
ŵ˿ӴСڳ˺ԼĸĪ֮Ը׵˽⣬϶ԶԼ֮ϡ
룬ʵ֪һʲôˡ
μƮţε˾ȻԼôԼأʲôεġ
ŵǰ˻Σ̽ӣӣ

ŵոմӿе֪˺ܶ顣
ᵳӪ˽Ȩר壬̰ıǴ̿Ͱϵһ޵ķʸ
ĵĻʵ۱£ʮ֮ǰ㿪ʼһ׷Ȩ׷Ź鳯͢һжԱȨҪơ
ԴԺµȳҪְȨŵȨţʧȥԼٵȨﵽ˴۷塣
֮͢䣬ְȨͬ
ܹԱǨƹǮĳȨרΨףʱƫصģҲǱټٺ
̲ʹ£ȴֱҪ˵
֮УԴΪ
ϸ˵̲µ̲ƽɴȨޣҪ̲ˡ
ֻ̲ܴƽƷµС٣֮ǰҪݽˡ
䣬ԲʡֱӴƷ¹Աʵϵд󲿷ֹԱ
ΪȨר
ȨרȷʵȨרˣڵµĳ͢иĳ٣Ȩר
ڽᵳӪ˽ʮǰ̫Ӳ²λΪȨڼչԼĵ𣬿˵д󲿷˶ڽᵳӪ˽ҲǴ⡣
̰
ְߣٺҲͣٺլӣҲô˺ͻǶȷ̰˺ܶӡ
ŵ֪һ飬λУվӵıǴլǴ͵ģҲǴ͵ġ
ıȷţŵġ䷴ڿ
ܹ٣䡷ƭˣȱǴ̿ͣŵʮ˵ԷȷǸ֮ˡ
ңɱȫңΨ֪Ůϸ˵Υ˴ɷ
ŵԴѾΪϤΪĸ٣ȴٷ˹ᣬҸŮˣǳȫҶһܲ
Уڸģʵ۵ı塣
ʮǰٳʮͬб䷨ʧܸգʮλ¿ƽʿıն
ǵļն١
Գͬţ˷ɻڴĻᣬʮ䣬һ·ƽƣճΪֻĴ䡣
ҲΪ£Ϊ˴Ķ֮κ飬ᱻ޵ķŴ
ȻֶҲĺʮ䣬Ǳ·Ȩ֮󣬴ĳüѪϴһ顣
е٣̰ٸ࣬ʹôĹԱšɫ䣬Ҳˡ֮ơ
йԱΪ̫η
Ǵɷġ
һйԱͼ̷£һΪ飬٣塣
Կ֪ӾȥӵĴȴǽ廨˹
ŵΪû뵽Լ
˵˵һŵ֧ͦġ
Ҷһ۾˭Ҳ˭߹ƾʲôЩ˷ǮͿڲݽ棬ɷֺ
ģҲȷʵֱܹô˵
ԹǶʹͽͱСˡ
ŵ̾˿ìָӡ
Ժ˵Ϊͼ϶֡
Ȼ˵ܹͻƷƿѸΪʵ
Ŀ
μ˼ü̾ģ̲ס˵Ǳˣ㣬飬ܱ˸
ŵ΢΢һ㶡
ǰİķܱ˸
ѵΪǼ鳼Ͳ޷
ǲ
ܸǼ鳼ҳ˵ûʲôҪаԼ
ģûôһõĹԱ𣬿˾лôϵĽ
϶ᡣ
ûм鳼񶼲Ҳס
Ϊôһ֮·˳
ҪȻԽ͵
Ŀμˡ
һˡ
ȻûĻ˵ĻǺеġ
ֻƮƮһ仰ŵԭЩƵ飬Ȼʡ
ŵ֣ϵ˵лл㣬ӣ
ϴϷʱȻҲǣӵ֣ȴûϸĸܣڲŷֻ֣ȫϰ֮ˡ
μ˼ŵָֻǰӣ˿Ŀƣһ֡
ŵʱķſ֣תƻӣϻμҰɡ
ڸףŵܸӡ
Ӷ˱Ͳ죬ڣ֪ˡ
μҸǸҡ
пɰĽϻӡ
μûеһʱӦʵ˯ġ
ŵľ̲ס΢΢ͷðɡ


63 
ӻصμҺŵ۲һĽ
İͷɱһĻʲôӰʵ֤ŵˡ
Сɻģʱ򣬻˰ʱ֮Ķŵ˵ҪúԺ󱣻ŵ磡
ĽھΣǰ˵Ҫŵ磬ڽϹʱǸõŵ磬ûзӦҪǼ˽ڣŵΣˡ
ŵƫĽԭĽ˭أ
ŵ纱鶼ûпרſճʱĽ档
붪ɳͶɳ壬ҼңŵҲ㵽ףȻһʮĳ˵Ϸɣ˭Ľأ
μ˿ſڵһϣ˫ۻʯϣһ뵱ɹƬҶʳģģ󷹣Ĳֺ֮࣬Ҳмܰ
ɻ֮ǰһθĽľЩ
ʱ˺ܶ࣬Ψû䡣
˿̣֮һӰԶԶˣĽЦ֮࣬Ҳ˼ʡ
褸ȻҲܳҼҵģ˵СӲģԼܶˣ˼ŵôͲöˣ
Ҫǵʱһͺˡ
ǱĽʶġ
Լʱûк棬Ľռ˱ˡ

磬ŵӴһ
һԣ˯þ
Ȼֻȥһ죬ŵ̬ȴ˺ܴı仯
ʱѾˣǰ緹ԣҴææĸа
֮ŵ˹ϴϣϸʵĳ緹Ժ˼ȦʳĽȻǰõ
Ƶ򳤰ʻȥʱ
ʹ֮ϣԽš
մ岻ʣ㽫ÿ³һĳᣬƳһ졣
Ա²֮󣬱ѾĻ
Ͻոճļаλӣÿ˼һ¡
̫ʮǰʣҲûٲ
ʮλȨϣ׵ļλӣڳеѸٹ̡
¼ǴڸոգʷΪóնʱ
Ȼڳֻ죬ʷǿɲٻǼǼλĲԣҲҵŰٹٵָ
ڴģܳΪʷģ巨˫ޣΪϣвľ徳Ĵ塣
֮ϣһ˽ģһΪΪһȻ񰮴
Ǿ£ҲţЩȨ죬ȴһλʷ
Ϸߵһλϣצ۵ӣĿһԱʵʷղԣģ
ʷ˵ص£ڳſڣȱһλɱӵĴ̿ͣĿãм٣
Ŵ£ɫһ䣬վȺǰһӰед£ôֶ߱ˣҪҪҽȥ
һӰ߳Դ˹֣˵л¹ģȮӲˡ
˿ϣ˵ǾͺãǾͺá
ʷϹҲסˣһ˵£ִɱ͢ȻҲﲻ˾٣˷ȣΪ죡
ԵļʷҲ׷׿ڣ죡
ʷǿ󲿷ֳȴɫ糣Щ̲ס˸Ƿ
ͬǳƺһΪʷһΪ⻹˵
ֻһʧƵĻӣΪ֧֣˽յĵλԺλӷͥͬԶ˫˫ȣô
Ϸ˵Դʲôͣ
̧ͷ˵ص£Ǵ̿ͲǴ̿ͣĺҰı֮һǳͨ͢һҪĺΪ͢٣ͽ֪ʱ䣬Ů񼫣飬Ϊı֮һɱƽߣɱС
ɱúã
һĴȣվ˵֮ϧӦñٴȱѾǴʴˣʷҪˣҲȵǣ㵯ԩˣ
λʷƿԡ
Ҳƺˣ
ĺһһ֮ǰҲڳֵ͢÷з
ȻΪλݵССΪǶʱΪĵ𣬽ݵĹԱȫϴһ飬ٵı٣壬֮ȫ˴ˡ
ĺһֻⳡӶѡ
ĺǱԩģΪҪİӣݵľ棬ӶȨ飬ȫó
ĺûЩ飬Ѿö֪ˣҲãǱԩҲգ˰ѶҲΪ˴ΧҪҲþµͬ⡣
֪Ǵ̿ĺʹ˰йأݡ
ȱˣȻҲ޴֤
ǿλȱеĴ̿ͣпһʿΪɱĶӣŭλĺĴ䣬ֱȱſڣɱӺ
ѾڣǷǻ˵λʷҲû뵽׮С°⵹ֻΪʷȻ֪£㲻ֳܱĬ
ѵ˼䣬û˵ʲô˻˳Ķ顣
һԴĵ޹գÿһᣬûʲôͬ
³֮󣬰ٹٸԻãҲصУϣп˵Щ˰ÿϳͲ˵һ
ĹܼһľЦ˵£κһңũľǿģζޱȣҪ𣿡
ľȡһֻ˶ӣڲ˲һڣֻô˹ޱȣ֭Һ̲ס޵ũģζȻκˡ
˵ֻһֻӣȴԶһ챦˾ũЩũǿߣйȴ㳯ֻͷũһ
ǵһƷԿڣ˼ҲδظӣҲκкһλũľǿݣд˿ڸ
Ҫҧڶڵʱ򣬴Ȼַ֣˵ӦҸлм
ܼҵκĸȥǸʣ
룬˵ȥһӰɡ
ܼҹǡ
Ҫյ·Ըȥ뵽ʲôֵȵȡ
°ͣ˼Ƭ̣˵ֶոճףлλ·ˣֻ²ɣ͵
ܼһ㶣Сʵأ
˰֣˵ﲻˣϲҡ
ܼ뿪֮󣬴еӣֻû̹·嶼˼꣬ĵũĶǺá
ʱһλĹӣ첽߽ڣո̤ţȲ˵˵˼ֻũǿӡ
¶ۼĽʣҺŹӣɻʲôң


64 
ֱͣŵƵĸϵá
θ볤òԶ֮ԵôΪŵܼ·ˡ
û߿ĳ֣רЩƧС
ֵطʹͽѲ߲ʺɱ
ǰ󲻹ʱһССĵڶ̿ͣһξΪʮɱۻ󰸻ˡ
Ĵ̿ͣŵϣ
ôġ
ԩͷծȻԼĸгǾӦȥɱ޹ʲô£
һɵӣʵʵڼɵʮ꣬û˭û˭û죬̰ڣϧ˷Լʱ侫ԼǮΪհʵ£ôһ˰ɣ
˾͸ñǹָţ
ûĵ
ʿӦȷǷǹۡ
Щֻ֪ɱ޹ģҲʲôö
Ǹץһһ
ڷķΧڣصУ
Щӷҵĵ伮ˣǱĬӰ졣
Ϊеԣаɷ涨ķΧڣд
̵ģﷸţǧԲһǧԲ꣬ÿһλǿߵ𣬶ųõʬɽѪ
Ȼдɱ޹ɱģǸɱ֮ˣҲôߵΪ
һصĴУʮУһ
ŵС䡷ԷĴ󵨵УûдĿܡ
ʧǣڽ϶һȦ̿͵ëû
һܼҴĻ̫ˣǵ徳ʦҲֿܵãûд̿ͻɵ͡
ŵܼһ»ĵȼ㣬ȴľܾˡ
ܼҳֿĿŵ˵үҪǳˣūүūúõİɡ
ŵε̾˿ת߽á
ãĳֵ֮ڣةξСġ
ӽû
飬ǶĴ󣬿һʱỺ
ҲǣҸղ˵λʷ糯ʱˣ˵ɷӦΪȱǴ̿͵顭
˵ǹĺǲٰ̰
ǲ̰Ҫ𣬷ݵĹԱԲ鰸ԵɣѪϴһ飬ݲֶ꣬ȴΪ˼¡
ŵվſһ治֪Ů̿͸׵İӣȻǣô㣬漰λӵĵ
߽䣬ةξվŵӡ
ŵѹѹ˵ţеҪǣĺİӣ֪١
˻һۣԲ˵ŵѾܽһԸЩһľ飬ǳӲ
ɫһ͵һϣ˵
ļ鳼֮ӣǺģһŰˣգةЦһ˵¹ٲӣ¹ٽ˵ЩǳԱĲ²⣬¹Լ뷨빫
ǷһȻŻ˵ĺȻֻһƷİӣڳֵ͢÷зУǣºʹµȨ֮
Ƭ̺ŵӹةݹĲˮһڡ
˰ı󣬺˽Ĳ࣬ûʲôƫ
žĺ꣬Ϊٲʣ֪ٷ˹ᣬŮӣ̰ܻߣһϵб¶Լĸųն
ȻֻǱ󣬽Źĺİӣ½ݹԱϴһ飬ȻڴĹԱ
ĺڵصа䣬ܴһ˶ΪЩǴݺġ
յĿģǵͬ죬ݵصĹԱȫ滻Ϊĵ
ֶΣڵżʡ
ٳ֮УҪĲ£վ˶ӡ
ԱʹĹֻҪˣЩ㲻Ǵ̰ٴҲƽƣҡֱϡ
ǸˣʹڣҲⲻһôᱻϲȨΪеƷ
ΪǴ˰漰ĺ̰ٻѾΪš
ǸԸϾڴ鳼֣֮Եģ󶼻õǵ֧֡
ةŵϲˮСѾǲ֪ٴ꣺ЩǱ˵Ĳ²⣬¹ٵ˼ǧҪᰡ
˺ˣ֪ˡ
ŵοһʵ˴º̲Ūйعĺľڣ
ӣԱ˵ֻǲ෹̸ʡ
ŵԣ˰྿ΣȴΪҪ
ΪĵҲϣ˰ֻǴ½ⷢӣǹƵԩ
ȻӵʮѾ˵Ǵ̿Ǹ֮ˣϲûд˰ൽʲôۿ
̲ʹ¡ة룬˵һطܴйĺľڣǾĺƷԱеǨÿˣ϶м¼ֻڰĲ֣Ȼû̲ʹ¼¼ôϸ
ûôϸҲܱûкá
ǣŵҲʶʲôˣΨһʶģǿ˾УԼץĶӣȥæȥţħŽȣ˼Ը𡭡
ŵˣʵʲôϵ𣿡
ҡͷЩԱһʵȨ۸ڶǷôйϵ
ةĿŵ˵ȻûУǹкĹϵ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ң
йϵô֪
ةˣδˣС
ŵ治֪ǸʲôģܹҲż棬һ仰û˵λ˿Լĸ׸ӳĬԡ
Ҳô˵˵ġ
ʰ飬ŵѸٴվףصθ
μ˵ķ䣬ǰ飬Ǳġ˵ġнŲתͷһۡ
ŵߵߣЩ˼˵ӣɲ԰Ҹæ


65 
ţſڡ
Ӱվĵȴš
ŵҪȥľڣһǲеģҲ΢˸һ仰û˵
ŷ֮ͨ󣬲ʱһλݵӱ˳վŵμˣЩʵôˣ
ûŵشֿڵȽɡ
ŵμ˸㴩ţ߽Ժӵһֵ
ʵȨǺʵ֮ס
һɶϽ˾ֱΪ˾˾˾˾ѫ˾˾
˾Ϊ˾ΪУԼС
ȻԼĸףƷĹְʵ΢ǺʵĵʵȨ˾ƽʵȨȴԶܼ
ֵĶ칫ңڿλ£Ȼʵʲô
ŵûжȦӣżɽ˵ˣ뿴ĺľڡ
ĺܿŵһۣ糯֮ϣĺʱŵţҪ鿴ĺľڣû̴Ӧʵ㿴ľʲô
ŵҲû˵֪ǲһʮ̰١
ٴοŵһۣ˿ڲ֮ߵ⣬֣һӰܹʵδкηԸ
ܵȥ빿⣬÷ƹ̽ԭĺľҳ͵
ǡ
λԱӦһתĳСܶȥ
ţĳľСԺ䡣
ƹ̹٣ֵ֮ڣ塣
͢ÿţÿ춼йĲЩպʱܱģһ㲻٣ҪƵĴţľ漰йԱͿˣΪҪ
ΪˣרŵڳһСԺΪ빿⣬רžڡ
ƹ̣Ǹ𿴹ܰ빿ġ
ƹ̵ĹְߣֻоƷǴƷ͵ĹԱ֮һ
ƽְҲΪУֻҪ֤Լܵʱ򣬰빿ⲻʧʧԣһʱ䣬óɹɹǷùС
ϲУû̫ҰĵĹԱ˵һò¡
ĲҪڹٳһΪ˶ԣλãȤ
λƹУλӣ̾˿˵ĳ˿ʮ꣬ͨòײŸ˽ʿѵΪһֿܲġ
ҡҡͷ֪̾ˣڼһ̣һңڡ
ƹЦſʮ꣬ٿʮ꣬Ҳһƹ̣ҪֻܹԼҵȲڽʿĩλǸ״ԪͷĵһݹְƷΣҲƫԶһƷ˭нʿһȣֻֿܲˣжֿܲ⣬ûء
ƹ̳̾ƹ˵ĲССƹ̣ҲǧһٮٮߣľŰپʮˣֿʸûС
ǲ
СһֱǱеš
ʵȷţǰһβμӿƾ٣㲻һٸУһƾ٣Ψһһλʿ
ļ磬ɳأҲųλʿһλպ־֮ϣҲӵԼһҳ
ڼѾΪ棬ΪƾβѣֻһƷְѾֿˡ
ڴ˵һⲻҪƹ˫ȭᶨ˵һţԺһͷصģ
ƹ΢΢ҡͷ˵ٵǲͷأֻҪͷأܰ˾ͺˡ
Ϊûб˶ʮİ빿⣬Ѷٲʲôϣ
ʮйԱһһԾֵľڣǲ֪ж٣Դѿ͸
Щƽӹ޴־İ˾ƷС٣մ󶼵԰ˣЩƽӹͷص־֮յĽͷأ
˼֣һӰֵ߽תͷһۣƹЦʷôпյˣ
ʷ壬Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǵƹ̣һ£ҪǰĺľڣһңһŸδȥء
Ϊƹ̣ں̺İ빿ѰҾڣǵճƹվƹ̵ҵδҪľھͻ壬÷ʷŰɡ
˵꣬ӹȡԿףſⷿȥ
ʷ˰֣˵˰ɣδǱߺͦģû˼һҵ˽°ɡ
˵꣬ߵⷿſڵȴ
˽ûע⵽λƹ̣ĳֵʱ΢ɲһָֻܿ

ֵ
ղԱܿ죬ŵһźһ룬ͽŵҪľˡ
νľڣʵһᣬһλԱ˵ˣǨصļ¼Լˣ൱ںµӹС
СٹĽڵݸܣ˵δˣǹĺľڡ
ܽӹ֮󣬿Ҳûݸŵ˵ڳ¾ɣĵ㷭ģС١
һλԱľڣ˵һ𣬾Ϳʼ¼ˡ
ĺʮĹ٣ⱾڣҲʮ꣬ŵûŵһɵľζ
ľڱĻƣδùĵط
ŵ˲ϣСĵķһҳ
һҳ¼ģոʱľ
ĺʥʮʿʥʮ꣬Ҳ˵ʮǰǽƾٸеģһƾ٣¼ȡһʿĺʮֻһƷУɵĹְ
ƷǴƷ͵ĹԱˡ
Ʒ֮ǰĹٽףһƷӼƷƷֻǾƷû֣֮ĴĹԱײ㣬ʮ꣬ò׸нʿпǿֿܲ⣬ȴ֮ӻ
Ҳ˵ǳ͢¿ƽʿĵһݹְͿƾٵֱء
ܸͷ״Ԫ𲽾Ʒ
ڶ͵İ̽ǴƷĵʮƷ֮ĹְݼֱƷ͡
ĺĵһǶֱУɣУؼͼ伮
ְλͣǰ;ޡ
ŵУɣûʲôһҲǸͼԱˣֱһ̫ӵǻӵϵٶԶܱȡ
ĺá
ʥʮ붫֮Ҳʥʮ̫꣬Ӳʣǰ;޵δӵϵһҹ֮ͱûĺӡ
ºܿµ̫ӣ̫ҲԼĵϵ
ο̫Ӳʺ󣬱ܴӴһУʵĶԱҲ˶
ĺһƷУɣƽһ볤ǧأξƷξ
˺ʮ꣬ĹְһӾƷӰƷƷƷǰأΪƷ
ˣһֱܺá
ĶڹԱĿ˾Ÿȼϣף£ϣң£ϣ£мΪΪУбΪϸ
ĺʮڡסһȼвϣǺ꣬һҶûС
Ŀ˿ŵĻôһ٣һܳ
ŵ˼Ƭ̺󣬿ܣСʵˣĿ˽𣿡


66 ŵ
üͷʵʲô˼
ûʲô
ŵ˵һ䣬עڹĺĿϡ
һһ⡣
ԹԱĿĿܶ࣬ϽһİʳĿ˿˰Ŀȵȵȵȡ
ĺĿУǰ꣬ۺϿԼ¾Ӷ࣬ϸֵĿСҡۡ
ǱȽϺģһԱľޣóķͬ㵽
ص꣬еĿˣڼ׵ȣҲǸסûСס¡
ûξةʱٵ鶼ã֮󣬷ܽÿһ⡣
Ҫôһȫֵ˲ţҪôˡ
ŵԱ֪Ŷڼϣ״ʲôָһ֣ܵˣû𣿡
ܿһ۹ĺʱڵĿ˱Ŀв
ƾٸ֮󣬱һְֱнʮ꣬۹䶾һ۾Ϳĺˣûٸ˾ɵĹԱ÷ѡ
Щν˿ġ
Ҳû⣬Ŀˣ˾ĹԱȻܻˡ
˾Ϳ˾ͬĲţ˵ݣǿ˾ṩġ
˾ֻЩݣӦĹԱǨĵ
ŵϣĿˣҲܱ֤ʵ
ĺľڣŵǿʲôˣ룬Ȼ˵ɲԽܱ߼صľڣҲҿ
û˵ʲôתֵ߳ٴζʷ֡
һӵĹŵǰϣֳݾڡ
ĺһǣ㣬ݵĹٳ˱䶯صҲһʣ
ݾڣǷڰ빿еģûˣŵܽӴ
ѸٵĽݾڷ˷֤ĳ²˿
μһֱվߣЩɻʵ㿴ʲôˣ
ŵݾһһ˵㿴ʲôͬ
߹һۣ˼
μ˿ãҲûпȻһãȻҡҡͷ
ŵָһݣ͵ڹĺ֮ǰΧأŮģڹĺȫţܱأŮµҲʼСͣΨʧٰһһ࣬ΰ˸¡
ĺͨԱصƯصĹԱȴûĲ
ǴҸŮİӣΧأҲ⡣
ܴͨĹԱΪԼӪܳ裬ȴֲûнصĿһ٣
ܷ·Ѿʶʲôʵ֤ĺ̰٣ɱǸɱ֮ˣ
ŵûпڣȴ˵ͷ
ܺȻ˵ûһУҲпǰͿʼƵģЩŮӣ°ߵģΪľϴݣΪ·Ϊ䣬Ҫʲô飬ֱײˡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶡
ֿܣû
ãٻҲһߣٲܡ
ʱֵ˵һССݣֵô󶯸ɸ꣬ɱʲôˣҪɣĺȷǸɱ֮
ŵĿһۣǰɣҪӵĸף¡
ŵϣ˿
η飬ϣû
μվŵԣĿʧ
ÿһΪѾܴ˵ʱ֤Ը
ѣǽ֤ݰǰҲ
˵ûĺܱ
ܵĿ⣬Ҳŵϡ
һ̣ŵϣ·𿴵ǸʱӰӡ
Բ¹ĺŵеʯͷء
Ȼһôȥδе˷ѻᡣ
ٴοܣʵˣʥʮƾ٣λʿľڣɷҿ
һΣûдӦ˻֣˵ʥʮʿľڣ㲻ˣһڣѾ͢٣κεطû桭
ʥʮ꣬ʮλ¿ƽʿı永ŵҪϸ˽İӡ
û뵽͢ӻĪȻеľڶˡ
ŵֻ˶Σ˵ûˣһĽʿܻбɣ
ûпڣֻߵһǽǰһᣬݸŵ
͢ƾٵǣÿƾٽʿ¼棬רᣬſƾ٣ÿһΡ
ŵӹᣬ㷭һҳ鶼֡
ţܿҵʥʮꡣ
һĿƾ٣ʮ򣬳͢¼ʮʿ
һǶеһǽʿĩλˣԼĹУҲǾԵǡ
ŵһ۾һҳһ֡
Ϊڵһ
ʥʮ꣬ƾ״Ԫ
Ҳ˵ԼĸףʥʮĿƾ״Ԫ
ŵֻ֪һеĽʿû뵽Ȼ˻Ի͵ĳɼʮеĵһɲǺĹܱȵġ
Ȼŵ𾪵ģں档
Ŀƾ٣ѧΪؼؼؼؼؼƣƻܣɼߣΪһĿƾ״Ԫ˿ƾ״Ԫ⣬е״Ԫ
νĵ״ԪиԳɼߣ״Ԫֿ״Ԫ״Ԫ״Ԫȵȡ
ȻЩ״Ԫֻһεȴʵʵĺô
磬˵Ƴɼʿ֮УǵߣԾɿԱƸ¼ȡسίְλ
ΪչЩƫսƾ٣ż˴ڡ
ÿһƾ״ԪۺǿģδǵƵһÿһƶǵһ
ʥʮꡭ
ŵֽһ֡
ƾ״Ԫ
״Ԫ
ֿ״Ԫ
״Ԫ
״Ԫ
״Ԫ
״Ԫ
ǿƾ״ԪҲ״Ԫһ˵֣ռУֽϣǿҵӾ
ŵɴ۾
൱ʲô൱ȫͳһԾĸ߿һ˲μĿƺƵпԣÿһŶȫһ
˸ɵ飿


67 Ϥ
ãŵŴлع
Ϊȷǲǳ˲ǰͷ󷭵β鿴ÿһĿƾ״Ԫ
Ȼͷ֣С֡
Դƾ٣֮⣬ûһһƾУͬʱΪ״Ԫǰ޹ˣߡ
״ԪҲͷѡ
Ѿʷˣϻرأλ࣬һ֮£֮ϡ
һ̣еùÿˡ
һ˶ռ״Ԫ
ûô˧
ĸŮֵܵס
ʥʮ꣬һꡣ
ŵĿһҳ˺һԼҪ
ܶıֲ⣬һƾ٣ȻҲӿֳྪž޵ǰͬǹ֮£Ĺâڸǡ
֮ŵ𽥻ɨһʣµ֣Ȼҵ˼ˡ
һƾ٣Լˣڵڵʮպǽʿһλ
벻λȻͬһĽʿ
ŵ֪Լ̫̫졣
ƾٵٳͻᱻƷĹְ˿ʮ꣬Ʒֻ
ǿƾһһʼֻǾƷС٣ںͬʱȴ˼Ҳ˵ȨСٹְ˺ƽνǌ˿Ϯĵ䷶
һƾУŵһ֡
졣
죬һƾУڽʿλҲǼΪǰ
ŵû뵽λ޷¹Աܻ¸ˣȻҲй˵ĻԻ͡
ŵеţΪֻͬͬգʵ죬ǿ𣿡
ܵ˵ͷЩп˵죬ԺҲһԺѧʱͬţֳãŭӲƵó͢˵ʱĳͷһʱ޶ֻû뵽ʮȻҲ䵽ȫҲǹٹĵز
ŵһ㶣ǹˣ
ܿһۣ˵丮ˣɷĶӣһƷиҲǹ٣ǹٵ𣿡
ŵҲǵһ֪顣
ԭ콻֮󣬿;ȫҲǹٻؼˡ
йԱڸ׵η壬ĻҪ
ŵҲûʲô
ĶӴɷΪǿоͲץ
ҪǻжʮǰǷ黳Ҳѹֲŵ֡
ʮ̫ˣʱܹıܶ飬ǻѪ꣬ɸٳİ桭
仯ĺֹһǹĺڳΪ֮ǰһЩΪҲȦɵ㡭
һ΢ⴵŵϵᣬ緭һҳʥʮꡣ
ʥʮĽʿԶһҪ࣬һλŵĿⲻɨλ˹ĺ֡
ĺʥʮʿƾھʮ
ڹ㣬ʥʮʿƾھʮߡ
֣ˣʥʮʿƾھʮˡ
ŵҪһҳȥеĶȻһ٣Ŀһҳϵĳ֡
ǹĺ
֣ˡ
ŵȷԼӶʶһ֣˵ˣǾ죬ޱȵ죬һ
ϤϤһʱ벻Ϥ
̫Ϣҵģ˼άЩٶˡ
˳˼ҳַһ⡣
ʥʮ֮ʥʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮĿƾ٣͢¼ȡĽʿһҡ
ʥʮ֮ǰÿһƾ٣ֻ¼ȡ˲ʮˣʥʮĿƾ٣һԵķˮ롣
ŵ̲סʵ⼸ƾ٣ʿ¼ȡôȻˣ
ܵĿһۣ˵ʥʮ¼ȡʮʿΪǣһ׮ı永ʮ˱ʥʮְ꣬£һɱ̰٣¼ȡһ㣬ֱ͢㲻ˡ
ŵʶĲ⡣
ǲģתʵʲôı永
ܵô棬Իȥ
⻰˵ģ⣬ҪʸףԼ
أĸȥˣǵΪʲôֿԸ񲻺Ϲȥ˻˭ˣҲû𡭡
ŵ²ۼ䣬һ˲Ժ⣬ȻΪʲôԡ֣ˡôϤˡ
֣˲֣Ա⣬Ǹʮٵ죬С檺ͼֺĿ
ѹôϤ֣Ա᰸ľھдġ
ʱΪ˲ԡ䡷Բͬзӳɣһд飬֣˵֣ȻҲд˺ܶΡ


68 
ŵû뵽λе֣Ա⣬ȻʥʮĽʿ
ȻߣҲһƷְôˣ
˲乴ĺ档
ڴģ˵ĵλߣԱֻǾƷҲˣ񣬻˷ٴ̡
ܣ˵ˣ֣˵ľڣҲøҿɡ
빿⡣
廹û꣬ʷȥЩε˵ƹ̣鷳һˣһλ֣˵ĹԱڡ
ƹҲԲСֹһ䣺ôˣδôȻҪôľڡ
ʷҲδˣŮҪϴϷϣٻһ棬˵ӣĲɵˡ
ƹҲûжʣóԿף߽ⷿ
ʱƹ̻վſⷿ˵ˣе飬ҪһˣƬ̾ͻأͽˡ
տİ빿У翵ȥɣء
ƹ̻ͷһۣתҴ뿪
˿̣ĳֵŵڷһµľڡ
֣˵ľڡ
֣˺͹ĺһʥʮʿҲڽʿĩλһݲ¹ְĵطһ
ĺǶֱУɣֱ֣Ǹ̫Ӷ˵Ĺ٣˻ʶĿܴܺ󣬺пܻѡ
Ȼ̫Ӳʣɢ֮˵˲ͬĹ켣
ĺѡڹٳƫԶصľƷξһ˽ϸ֮صƷҲ־
ϧǣڹٳ𽥶䣬üҽ֡
֣ͬĹٳֻǾǨ뿪֮󣬾ͳٴ̡
ٵ٣ľڣҲͼ¼
Ϊ־İӣ֣˳Ϊ֮飬ŵ
ͨǧľŵĿƾ٣ΪʿǽʿĩλҲ
֣˵ҵͬڣڶ̶̼ʱͻ˾޶ĲƸΪĸ̡
ŵãô̵ʱڣʱѸٻۣӦ벻ʱ
ǵú֣Աʮ٣о˲ٳ͢Ա
ЩڹٳʲôΪֻҪǮ׾١
֣˵ѡɱȹĺҪ
ٳˮҪ̳ˡ
߶˵սܶõĻصֶΡ
߶˵ĵȴϢ䣬̵ʣ
̳ˣ޷ʧǮơ
ٳˣ嶼ǳ¡
Ȼ֣յĽ֣Ҳ̫ã˵ң֣һڣ𱻳Ĺ˼ңҪ̫̫ࡣ
֣ˣŵֻÿϤ֣ͻ˽һ£֮󣬱㽫ڻ˻ȥˣ뿪
ܼҵ棬ʵүٷˣ
ŵ룬˵ȻؼҰɣȥθ
μ˶࿴ŵһۣӣƺҪθסˣ
촽˶ҲֻĬĬ
ʻȥʱһӰѾ˳ĳǰ
ŷ֮ͨΪԺӵƹ̣߽ߴĹãĴܡ
Ȼ֮׵ȴֻһֿܲĩС٣֪ʲôʱвȨ
һţ߹ȣһߴֺ÷ǰ
һԱ÷Ȼ˳ȥϷš
ԺվһǰԼԼԿԣһӰ
һ۱ͷٿ
ûãһ£
Ժ̧ͷæ˵شˣǰ߹¹٣˲ĺľڣ
Ħƺ뿪վʵ˲ĺľˣ
Ժӵ˵Ķӣոȥ˹ĺľڡ
һ棬к棬λ˺εݣΪζһССƷôں
֮һӰ
յ糯֮ϣΪ̵飬һǰĺİӣҲᡣ
Ǵ̿ĺйأ˵ȡľڣϡ档
ֻǵľڵĻûʲôõĵġ
ĺ๼ǽĵ˭鲻¾֪Լõ顣
ʱԺԥƬ̣̲ס˵ˣԸ飬¹һֱ¹ٶһ䣬ʲôʱ¹ٵ
ʲô
ƹȻֻһС٣ҲһĥĺλãĹٳôӣΣķĥ꣬Ժڹٳ棿
Ǳٵͬ磬ԺҪ㣬ɲôĲףΪ·ϵ̤ʯ
ǡ
ˣΪĩλĽʿڳ£صξƹСȴڳ͢еĺģպǨܷ㡭
ѵһλٵͬ磬ֻҪúΪ£ٹ꣬ĥˣȻ㣬ʮ֮ڣٹ弶Ǳͬ磬ûᡭ
Ժָ㣬ǾƷ弶ǴƷȻλг뻹һЩӻֻҪпɽɻڴ¡
·Ѿһ죬ͨһڵϣ˼ͷлˣлˣ
֮ǵӰҡҡͷ˵㿴ٸո˵ʲôˣҼס̩ɽǰ治ɫΪߵĻ·飬Ҳñ˿
ǣ¹ٽǴ˽̻塭
ԺӴӵͷһ£ֵ˴ˣ˹ĺľ֮⣬˻ȡ⼸أԼһ֣˵ĹԱڡ
ʲô
֮Ǵһ𾪵ǲ豭֮α㵹֮ԼȲ̵ʹ֮һƬҡ


69 ̸
Ժվǰһº̽ʵˣû°ɣ
һ󣬹ãŰ
Ǹû£ȥɣǵñ飬´ٵĹĺ֣˵ľڣ̹֪ͨ١
ǡ
ԺӹӦһְ಻סеɻʵˣĺ֣ˣʲôһĵطֵô⣿
֮û
Ժ֪ԼˣԼͣ˵¹ٶ죬¹ٸˡ
תߵſڵʱٴ˵кòײһλͬ磬һ䣬˹ٳǸĺģ˵ĲҪ˵ʵĲҪʣʱһ⣬ͻ㶪Դ
仰ѾŨŨѵ;ζ
Ƭ̺ԺĨ˰Ѷͷ亹߳
λȻͬ磬Ҳǳ͢ƷԱȨ֮£Ǹһ磬ҲǿѹȸС
Ȼѵһеĺ棬ȴһû
ǹĺ֣ˣʲôˣȻĴ˼ǹңһּۣȻ󻺻ȥ
ʱ빿⡣
ƹ߽̿ˣԴ˵ôͰ𣿡
ԺЦЦ£˵һС£Ǽ塭
ʱУһٽΣͣĳֺɵĸۡǰ
ȨŸָŴԺҪۺΰ׳ۡҲǰС
һӰӹٽ߽ۡţ߹ۡú󣬲һþķ֮ڡ
ⷿ伫ǽϹֻڵĳ裬ҲЩ
һ͸˿磬һӰЩʵʱôпˣ
Աû˵ֻǾվ
˿ǵӰӽ˵°ɡ
ǡ
λò欵Ůӣɴ壬߳
ԱԭأԴ컵ķ羰Ӷ
Ůߺ󣬴߳һҵˣһ·һʵȻ˽ʲôˣ
Աղȥ˹ĺ֣˵ľڡ
ϵӵһ٣ʵô
Ա룬˵ӦֻżȻڳ֮ϣΪһ⣬ĺ𣬶ڴ˰вͬĿ˻ȥľҲ⣬ľڣǲ鲻ʲô
Ѿϵ˿ӣʵ֣أ
Աҡͷʱ֪֣˾ڵԵɣӦֻżȻ
˵Сʻ괬ǲżȻҸᣬˣǰһЩҪ˻ɡ
Ա¶Σ˵²С
תͷüΪΣ
ԱΪĶӡ

þõĳĬ֮˲ʵȷ֪ʲôô֣˳Ϲϵģ
Ա˼Ƭ̣˵ϴ֣˵İӣƵģǻԻһλܵκڲĺڵʱɿ֣˵֣ϾͬһĽʿʮ
ǾþõĳĬ˲ٴοڣ»ǲܵģйעĲ鵽ʲô˵ĶӣҲҪȻľˡ
Աͷ˵֪ˡ
Ȼûбֳʲôﻹ̾˿
仰˵ɣݺᳯʮأǼ֮
ҪǸƴһ˭˭һ򲻵ѣǾԲһġ
ƿصģд£л˾Ǵһ˵˵ʲôΪ˭Ҳ֪
˶֪ҵģЩ飬ȴǷҡ
Щ꣬ɱ˶̰вгس޵ķңѾ̤徳ˡ
ˣսթûеڳֹ˭ҪǸ޸֮˭ʮĴ
Ա̾˿ǰ֮˹˹֣˵ˣ¹ȸˡ
˻˻֣һ£˵̽ӣҪҪˣһµģԺ˴¡
Աҡҡͷ˵أԽ࣬Խ࣬ٻһҲδõ˳֣ңƾĺ֣˵ľڣҲ鲻ʲôģ̫߿ˡ
ûƽϣ˵ͷ˵㿴Űɡ


θøϻܺһ˯ŵμҳסؼҴһӵ顣
ոʰܼһ߽˵үֻң˵ũҵľǿģүүٷ˳
ܼҽ̷Ͼ뿪ˣֻԲӣԶŵҲŵһŨ˱ǵĹ㡣
ԴϴμҳһΣŵͶũ
ӣǵһγԵôóԵӡ
ʹܼң򵽡
Ȼ֪ԶĻҪ
ζ֮ǿʣЧõӣҪһλũǿߣÿũһʱϣһ귽ܽһΡ
ֻеľϵũǿߣۻ
˾һ꣬һϣҲܽʮŹӡ
мУṫŪ
ЩũҵǿߣҵӶ
褵֮ŪֻӣΪݷλũǿһ£˼ТĿɼΣ
һλӣԼĸףĺܿء
Ѿϴˣŵһ֮󣬻δҪڶ쵽һ˻ȥ
ûгԶʳϰߣֻܹӣһζһ¿ڸ֮ͿˣʣֻһֻӣһֻĽ
ŵʰһЩһ飬μ˻θ
طŵθһСԺһССӰǧϵǧ
ŵǧ˵Сܹŵ磬ô簡
˵ֻĽôŵϾԹ̫οȺ־롣
ŵ̽ʵǰ¹⣿
Сﲻ˼Ļصǵ˪
ͷ£
ͷ˼磡

򵥵ĶԹţĬһƵĶŵȷݡ
ɣʵ̫ƻŵĵ
ֻӣһӳһֻʣһҪǱƭȥˣ֪ôĽ
ŵϷƵĴбһԲӣݸĽ˵ǺӣԣȻҪˡ
ģͨӣһһҲûʲôʵ̫ѵã϶ǺµһõĽȡ
ллŵ磡
ĽĵĽӹӣȻŵ
ŵע⵽ߣͷȥһСվԺſڣһԹĿ


70 ƿ
ȻĽշһӸһ̫ĵӡ
ŵôһΡ
˿̵˼ӣȴһˮ˲ƽƫļҳ
֮䣬ȷƫĽ
ʲôóԵĺģһ뵽ģ϶Ľ
ΪĽɡ
ڵһʶʱ˿һɵˣ۸ʱվͷŵױ֮˵һлл
һЩٹ̵ĸ˼⣬еƫûɵġ
þԵĹƽǶĽĲƽ
ŵȻбץΣȴԼˣ޷´θĽöʱչ˵ŵˡ
ӣһܿˡ
ĽŵʱҲɵһԿ飬żʶ֣һŵ
Щӵѧŵһ˵ġһЩ̫ƧֻҪֵ䣬ĳ֣Ѿˡ
ĽǴĺͯ鼮˵ŮӲܲμӿƾ٣һЩ˼ңǹٻȨ֮ңڼŮӵĽǺӵġ
ЩŮӣСҪѧϰѧѧɣ黭ȿγ̣ͨԡ
ϾĽ׼ɭϣֻ͸һ˼ҵĵĸ㲻黭ͨĲŮҲǸä
ȻֻǱ˷ǳĿ
ŵתͷһԺӣäҲûʲôá
٣Ľѧʱʱ¶Ľдһݵﰵˬ
Ľû⣬ŵתͷʵûиǲѧ𣿡
Ľҡҡͷ˵ûУˣûϿΡ
ʵŵǰĽѧǴһƫġ
óӦֲʩ̵ѧǸСӳôѵѧĿһȴ׸ı˶λ˼ҵĿ
λѧףҪǣһͣȻܵͷһ̣̬˵ǫѷ̲ס塭
Ժ
˫ֱ󣬿λͷ׵ߣ˳ǣ˵Ϸ򶼽ôϸˣòỹûɣ
;ĳȣߣԵø㲡
һͣͨ˭о
˾һҹ֣ΪԼܲ͸а
δϵǣλѧ̩ȺͨһҹȻ˵Ľⷨû
ΪճµĹŪ飬һ⣬پٴȻʣһɻѽ⿪
˵ǻһӣշ֪ѧ֮
ǵ۽磬ѿճµĽ̥֮ڡ͡ɡֲֹڡɡһȫµѧ
ַܹƣڡ֮⣬ٳһµѧĵλҲѧ͡
һΣķڷ
½߹˹֣óϷ˵ϷϣѧһϷԶ㡣
ϷҲϡ
ѧһ
λߣҲ̱̬һӣû뵽ճµĻ֮꣬Ȼܿź֮࣬ò
ۺ룬˵ѵд˾򣬻ʲô⣬ͳͳóɣϷհǿ

ڶһ磬ŵ˯ѣԹ緹Ƶǰá
ϣ˯òôá
ΪӲߡ
ȥĽ˯ˣŵһ˯䡣
˯ϣŵʵǲ̫˼ġ
Լ˯ϣȴܾˡ
Ҳһ˯
˼ȻǶ׮²ģŵҲûȤĿǰദģʽû
ýİӣĲ٣ŵæ綼ûʱȥԷȥܼһ٣ΪֱܼãȻһûмӵ
֪ǲĴЩܸоЩͨӣļӳԽԽСˡ
ӦòǴ
Ȼû뷨֮ţȴҾ䣬Էָơ
ҵӵоһʼһЩСӾΪԽѶȾԽ
ЩëƤС˵Ժ𵽵΢΢ҪΪͻƿ
ЩҵĴУϲţҷǳƫȨ󡭡
пƿˡ
ǻ£ҲǺ¡
ӣҲΪһƿôͻƿ֮ǰͨЩС
ƿһͻƣʽ֮ţӵһԱ
⣬һ⣬ŵЩ
ܼ˵Уһ꣬أܳžʽ̤뷨֮ţΪһķҵӡ
㣬ʽзңҲŰ£ôƿˣ


71 
ŵһɻѵ˵Ȼû츳츳
Ҳû츳֮˵
ڣ֮ʵ֮
Ҵͬһ㣬ɶãٸٵã츳ߵĽ죬츳͵Ľľһƽ
Ȼ޹츳ƺֻһˡ
ѵΪеģݵˣ
󲿷ַҵӣտʼУҲǸξ𲽡
Ƕϵһ㶼¾ףץҲСëżӣﷸݣҲͨնѡ
񿼹жķˣ˵ƷƷĳҲǾԵﲻġ
ŵ̵ͬˣɲȨӵܡ
൱ڱ˻ˢСܾʱѾˢСbossһˢһȺ
Ǿ黹ǡ
ô˵ʵУҲǾԹƽ
˿ֻһСɱСֶѾ־һװһһСbossԼ֣СbossͰСboss͹ˡ
ȻһװҲƾյġ
ȫһĸס
ŵϣ֪ʶһ飬Ȼܼҵ֪޷𣿡
ܼһ߸ϳ˵֪
ŵһʵô˵
ܼЦЦ˵ү˵ǷһңֻǱʲôңֻҪүϲͺá
ŵԣԷģλףһ㶼²͸
ȻûԼҲԷĵˡ
ǰհǰ˺ǵģǿų򣬿֤ݡ
ǰ
ڡڻǸƨ
ȻѡݣúݴԼı
дĵһϵףʲôµģ
ɾˣ

ļգŵμҺһߡ
аϻؼҿѧϰ˳һЩѧ⣬ǸĽ𣬶Ǹ
λѾ׵һλ黳ȵѧߣÿ綼μҵѧһʣ̬ȺǫŵҲ˼ܾ
λ⣬ɱȸĽɶˡ
һܾͨһҴЩɵ⣬⼸죬ŵָ֮£Ѿ˻Ǻ
ȻҲֻĸѡ
ڸһĺͲǹʽͲͲŵûи
ŵĶ¼ãޱ𾴡
СС֮ͣѧ裬ѵãѵõǣ˵˽
Щ֪ʶ׵ĴڸԼκλر
ʦߡ
ӵѧϰѧµ֪ʶ˸Ǽһҫʱϲصˣŵȴ̾˿һĳݡ
³һʱߴﵽһʮ졣
ǰ³壬ϵһʮ
ԴӸȱ̿ͣʮ󣬾ֹͣ
ŵ⼸˼ʮСӣΪʵȴһ춼ûӡ
ȻаˣüĻڼ
ÿһ죬ϵ־һ죬ӵĸоŵǾġ
ŵȷţԼƿ
һķҵƿ಻ΪͣͲǰŵƿҪǲͻƣֻĵ
һʮ죬²ꡣ
Ҫƾ֣ͲܶŰǵ¡
ŵڳôãҲһٵ顣
ЩϲͰ磬Ļ٣Ҳû˾ȥѹա
ŵٴ̾˿Ϊƿ¾רץ̰ģҸףԼֵҵ
̾Ϣǣ֪ӣʲôʱǸͷ
Ľŵĵ䣬ܹĵʵŵ磬㲻İ
ŵĽһЦݣ˵ûС
Ľͷ룬ʵǲǼ˽ÿϺ˯㲻İ
ôᡭŵԴ֪СѾͷÿӶʲô
Ľץ½ǣɵ˵Ϊķ޶˯һİϲҪ˽һ˯ˣ𲻿˺òá
ȻƿƿôԵĽһ߰οŵȷöˡ
浽ڣŵص䣬׼ϷţһӰ˽
ŵμˣ΢΢һ㶣ʵ㡭˯
μ˵˵ͷ
Ľ⣬ȥ
ЩʱĸҲ⽫˹ȥǲǺ๫ˣΪʲô⼸춼ֿ˯
ʶɻ֮飬ǰһˡ
ӹﱧ죬ŵ߹ȥ˵˯ϰɣ˯ϣֲ˼ġ
μ˵Ƕˣ˯ڵ
ĽͣŵԶԡ
ϰ֮ˣȻ˯ڵϣվûдŵ˼˵Ҫһ˯
μĿƽ˿
Ϊ˱Լʲô뷨Ӷȡʲôжŵ̽͵ᣬҵ˼ǣ˯ڵϲŴܴȫ˯ˡ
Ŵȷܴ󣬱˵˯ˣҲ˯£ֻ˯ˣռ仹кܴĸࡣ
˵ľӣŲŲ˵ģҲʲôġ
ʶ˵һ䣬־仰Щࡣ
֮䣬ž޴ʵࡣ
ʲôҲֻ롣
ҪʲôĻŵһ˵ġ
Ƭ̺󣬽һİ㣬ŵЩţӾȻĽĽ飬ű˯ߡ
Ȼͬȴ˯ڸԵı
ӴµϣֻǿռϵһСʵ˹ϵһ󲽡
ŵԵĿԸоദվã֮䣬Ѿûһʼİ롣
ǰͬһŴϵĻ棬붼롣
˯ߣİ
ʲôõġ
˯ˡ
μڴϣƽȻʵڱţһЩʲôָô죬˵Ƿޣǡ
˿Щڣ˯ڴ¡
߰ţֱߴȶƽȵĺ
ƫͷһۣŵѾ˯ˡ


72 㿴ĸ
ŵڶʱûӵӰֻһ㡣
ϴϣԹ緹Ժһ壬ӷóһ飬Ժ￴
ûһμ߽ԺӣĿһۣʵ첻ȥã
Щӣÿ춼ȥãν裬ʱڼ￴Щȡ
ŵ飬˵첻ȥˡ
ͨİѾΪͻƿ֮ǰڼ￴顣
ǱߣŵǰԼˣشİӣǻθ֪ͨġ
СԺ֮ڣμ˽ĽŵһԵͤп顣
ҵ伮˵ҵӴһ󣬻һƿͻһƿ뷨֮š
£ȥЩеλˣپһĻۣҲʱ䣬˳š
ϾҵʼҲǾƷξ߲Ʒ㴦ڴĹٳײ㣬һͿȨδ̫ʵ
ϧŵûʱ䡣
һֱûлᣬҲֻˡ
ʱ褵֪ŵڼңȥСһŵûоܾ
Ժ飬żμңòһΣҪ
ŵȻҲڳȨȦӣڼҴʮ꣬Ȧһ˶ʶһ褣ļҵȨӵܣ鷸ƣ£ɫĿꡣ
ŵ߽褵ķ䣬һӰվȭ֣
ϴκԼܣŵץã˼ʮȣֱԼĸѺμҵǸ
ҲǲʶȻˡ
ŵһкܳΪƱ˵÷УϴκˣǼ˱طģͺЩưɡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶡
ϴӱطģ
ѹ֮󣬾ô㣬ΪǱӵԭ򡭡
ӱ
ôģ
ŵԲĳ棬ܾЩ֡
Ϊ׼Ĺζȷʵ˿˿ģֻмһζζƳŵϲ
褼ŵӺ˼ʵôζɣΪ÷׼ġ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ǲûУһȥȡ
ôõĶȻҪȥӳ
ҡͷũĹƣֻôһС̳Ǽһ죬ӦԺ𰸣ŴӼ͵ҵġ
ѹ˵ĺúȣԭǳũҡ
˾ƵĹӣӦũģũҵĶûĹϵ㲻
ò˵褱ŵûУģŵҲøʰ·硣
ϴΪֻңһ£ÿȥλũǿ߼˲赹ˮȻֻ
һˣֲܼ˼ͷˡ
˵ΪԼģŵһƣ˵лл
褰˰֣ܴ󷽵˵һˣлʲôлҪϲȣ´͵һ̳
˼ƣһ£Ȼ˵ҼǵǰѧԣŵģξȻ˵һʵ˵ǲǰ͵Ŀ⣬öȻң̫ˡ
ҡͷôܣֲǲ֪ԺĹأͨף౻գԿ⣬ҪԺġ
ʵˣ
ҡͷûС
һţѧδûףôῼôã
˿ڲˣ˵ĶǡɡеݣֻҪɡЩĿûʲôѵġ
褸ӲˣʵúõɡʲôҪ޷Ұ
¶ۼĿŵ޷ң޷̫Σˣȫʬ
ֻǾãʱ򣬶㷨ûġ
ٷԵһ룬ŵ¿ӣ褣ʵԺðɣԺû۸㣿
һ㶣û뵽÷ôԼиж˵ûУϴαҵѵҾͺˣû¡
ԺУǽŵӵܣһȺµƽܶŹˮԷҲ֮һϴε飬Ѿ࣬Լ˺üΣܾˡ
ŵֿʵأ褵Ѿҵѣ۸㣬ܿڣöҵˣҰǳͷ
褺ǹٻӵܣ۸ǵģ϶Ҳһˡ
ŵԣмȨӵܣܲӡ
û뵽ԼȻҲִеܳæл֣ԺҲͦõģ鷳֡
褸ƮƮȻ÷ǰӣа´һҪԵĶ͵̳ϲĹơ
Ȼ˵ڣϣŵ治ϣǿ˵˵ʲô鷳ôǲҵԼˡ
æ治ǿȻȷ鷳ǼԼսҶûӦҲԺ˵ģҲ͹ȥˡ
ôУ
У԰̲ˣŵһӣ˵˶۸ͷˣҲ̣μ˲£Ҳ£ɣ㣬ֻܽ£ʣµ齻ˣ
÷򡭡
վǸжƱһˣĻҶ˵ˣھ
Ʊһ褸ж֮࣬ҲЩüĸо
μѲԻͣھУֻһƷɽճΪμҵӳ
ԼĸףƷԱɣеӰޣû٣⣬УСʵȨһ棬Ϊǳͷ
Ψλֻǰμ˵÷ʱʱ̶̿ϡ
ֻҪ£÷Ҫ£վǰ÷
ԼôǲӦð
һֱƲܷҲܱ
÷褴Ҵҵĳ극ͺԺ׼ѩˣŵҲҪȥһãǰЩ׼

Ժ
ĳҡ
֮УӰΧһģһ˿˿ǰĳλã˵һû
һЦСǱῡ˵ζˡ
˵˵ϴκԼսõĹٲѲӣ˶ץˣ̣ǰһ浹ù
ǿɵСĵ㣬һץˡ
٣ʲôῡĹøǳةã͵Լһ
ῡ褵ʲôҲ㿴еĻˣ

Ⱥ֮Уһṫ褵λһۣûпڡ
褣ûʲô
гģ褵á
Сʱ򣬲ǳһ±ӣͱ߷Զ߹ǣڴһ²źá
ʱεľͽˡ
λףһ취ûС
ľΪһҲǶһ

۸μˣ۸褣
ֻǸͷβͷڹ꣬ƣԷǲӦƽҲ뿪Ժһ취ûС
ţһӰӿҺ߽ôӼԾ
ῡ̧ͷһۣ褣һ֮һĿƵζ
ͣ½ŲӸµĿ㿴ĸء


73 û
Ժ
ĳңϱΡ
εһλѾϽ飬ɫһľʤľսۣ·ѧǣȴûġ
ְֵܱģԺѧӡ
ƾٽûʲôָģʱֻȿƾٹֱӲμӾеѡΣٵ·ӣھаһԺҲܵξУξʲôġ
·Ϊǹ滮ˡ
ΪˣǴСҪܽٽֱ֪ʶѱĹ죬ЩսۣҲġ
ϽεݣǶ¿κ褺ῡԼսȤ
Һš
ῡɫѿղϿ֮ǰ˵棬ʺĸףȻ޲ýһ٣ԺԺܶŹ˶ñա
ѾӦ¿֮ԺСּһҪε֪ĺ
ǰŶӰῡ˼
褺֪ô㵽һȥˣÿԺӰ룬޶Ҫһ𣬻˿һ¥ͬһ䡣
ԺѾڴǶ֮񱡣
û֮ῡܲţߣһӵصСܣһмܣ֣־е㲻ˡ
Ȼȷ᲻֣ԷһҪȫ׼
һλÿ˿ѹ˵һ¿ΣȥҹӣҲ
˿̣ҿǰλã褺ҲС
Сʵ˶࣬һҪҪҲϣ
ʳָҡҡ˵һˣ˭ҲС
һ㶣ȵȷţֳĺݣܻԴ
һۣʵϴεˣŹˣȺŹһȣ˼Ӷȣʮ˼ȣˣ಻á
ϴڳõ飬Ҫϴ÷ţûʲôԶļ䣬ûô̡
ѣŻ𣬵ʱΪ˶̷࣬ȡ
ܿһ£Щڵ˵ˣ׼һЩߦȣõԺˡ
ɷӿξ˯һǵú
ͽŹ𲽣еŹ𲽣֪ʶڿѧģ÷ʵнġ
褵ĻյһЦ˵İɣ׼ˡ
˶һۣ¶յЦݡ
һĻڽεϽУҡͷţμҺܼҵСӣڸڿǲ١
˳Ķģģģǿϧϧˡ
ñθոսῡһˣ뿪˿ң֮ǰ׺ݵĿ⿴һۡ
褺ȵԭλ
к褽֮˴ǰЩ˵褸㻹߰ῡЩһֱ鷳;ˣٲ߾ˡ
Ҫ˵εˣֻŵ
Լϵûж÷ôΡ
飬ԼǶǴֻ᲻׵ѵ⡣
Ե±Թ÷ȻȴڰĬĬİźһС
ܼ޸ϱһ˺ܶ¡
Ϊ˸÷㹻׼ʱ䣬Сʱ褲ź뿪ңƵԺȥ
˿̣ԺСУῡһжʮˣиԳһľѾȵĲͷˡ
еģʵľߦȡ
⴦С֣Ǻ褵Լս֮أľˣȴٳٲ
˲СʱǱͷһԺߦȵɵӣСʱ˶ۡ
ǸɵӣߦȲȥУԺţ˻ⶫ
С
Ϊͼ徻ῡ˽С̯Žߡ
Сˣǻǵȵġ
˿Сֱֳ̯ߦȣʼ̲סһ档
ܾܾһֱֳĹӣûһ˾һ
˵СǸ̷Щߦȣ⻬ֽʵܣҲǼֵ
ֵһӰ١
褺
ῡҿ˿ûз˸ǣҲһ㶣ʵ
褺ɵľ룬˵ԸЩˣòˡ
Ȼ褽ĿῡǺܾӵ˵˵˶۸٣ٸǰʱǵ˶
û˵ֻǿῡ˼͡
ῡǼû֣еѪӿߦȾͳ
һҪ֪Ĵۣ
ῡˣῡЩˣҲһһϣ褶˼ƲתܣʱӲԶĲ¥֮УӿӰ
Ǹֳһ˿΢Ц֪÷һס
ܵȺ֮Уָ󣬴˵Ҫǡ
ЩȻֵۣῡҲһ㶣˲ʱͣԭء
õˣôÿζôɣ
ῡȺһ󸹱ʱϱ㸡ֳһ˿Ц⣬еߦȣǰЦ˵ø
Ÿո˵֣ͱס졣
ῡɴ۾Ϊܺзʲ
ةͷ亹ֱð˵ʲôøٵĹøˣɲҺ˵
ξվߣѾᳵ·˻֣˵컯գǬڳڳеŹȫߣ
ῡ˿Ѿة֣ͨٷ³ξݣŭһССĳξץң֪ҵ˭𣿡
ǱĹãܻ΢㣬ԳõĹԱ˿ӡ
ĸףھ׸ҪְһССξͷ˾Ķͷ˾
ξû˵ʲôة㿪ڵʶô˵ģλǴ˵Ĺӣ񡭡
ῡվԣһλ쳣Ӣˣ΢΢һ㶡
ŵڴֺʵ˭
ЩͷЩǰѧ˺ܶණһоץСץϵġ
ЩԱ¶ֱ֣ʱ򣬾ͿԲػսС֣ϵ¶Ӷҵɡ
Է̰ټ鳼˳ƽ
ῡԭأһ˲ʱԺаתǧء
ֻܲƷµĹԱ˾ҪƷԱ֣ҲɣԼĸףֻǴƷľ׸һΣյλá
ȨƣֻҪ׹ְ뼶Ǻ׵顣
Ǹʱ򣬸׵ĹְɴƷƷôֱˣ飬ɹֹһΡ
ԲΪԼ˸ף
عһ亹ҡͷᶨңû


74 ԣ

Ḯ
ῡƨſڴϣһһƺš
ղڳãѧһ֪ʶͽŹʮеŹʮϹŹһȣϣӶȣʮϣȡ
ΪŹոձ˾ʮȣƨɶ㱻򿪻ˡ
õϢҴҸϻؼҵľӣһʵʲôˣ
ڣة̾˿һһʮ˵˳
˵ҪץһŹ竣Ϊ͹ӵľ룬ƨƨߵľ͸ȥˡ
û뵽ҪץȻԼֶ
˵漰䣬пһ£ѵҪԱٶ֣
ةΪ֪ߣæοڣڣԼԼҪ㶯֣ʮȥῡˣôֻǱƨɣû˾˶֣Ϣʵʮȥͱˡ
ῡҲԩ
ȥʮ꣬һֱǿμҡ
Ժ꣬Ҳһֱѹ褣ʱʱ鷳û˵иô÷
ڳȻպգǿֹСҹĴڣû뵽ܳϹϵ
μҲǵģôһݣҲҪ֪ôıͶˡ
֪μҺҵ£ֻμҲ쳣͵ҳ׮£ڳ֮ϣûκεϵ
飬һʱҲ֪Ǻá
ĿةʵǸô죿
ة°ϵĺ룬˵С֮ìܣҲ̫⣬ɣȥһμңῡ׼һúøμҵǸҲ͹ȥˣܼСӣϴκμҹӿĴˣڲҲúõģ˺õһˡ
úúãȥ׼

θ
Ľڵǧŵվں棬ÿǧٶʱΪһ
͸ġ䡷ǰϵ֣ϵһʮ壬ڵһʮ壬ʮ죬൱̷
Ȼеϴβ࣬Ҳûģȴϴζ졣
ӣĸǰ˼ԼܣֵԼæ¡
ƿˣץ˶ʮ£ܶŹĹٶһͨͣ˺üֿʼӡ
ҪǸĴһȺܣöȥˡ
ʱոշûؼҵȴһãȻ
ǰŸ̤ţͳةͣ˼ſڣһž˰˺üӵһƨɵˣͣĵǸ
ҺμһھкͳжйϵұμҸƽûʲôǵĺȻţͷԡ
ʶһĻܿ췴ӦһǸˡ
ֻܽҵӭţϺò裬׹άã˽⵽ȥ
СĴ֣˵Ĳطϡ
δ˵öԡ
ôãǸˡ
λˡ

֮վ褣һڻƿļëӣŭʶǰŸĻתͷˣ˵ΪʲôܣΪŮ𡭡
æ㵽Ӻ棬˵οɲ£ῡ鷳ģ⼸һֱ˶ͷڹ꣬Ҳû˵ʲô
㻹Ҷ죿
û÷˵ˣǲ£Ҳ£һֱ۸ĲҲμҵ֮磡
ŭеļë־ʡ
ۿž𽥲ܿƣŵæ߽ץĸ첲˵ˣ鶼ңôġ
ŵҲ˵ʲôеļëӣε͹ɣ
ŵ֮Ĵ֣ʵҲôġ
˭С֣ùٸֵģ飬Ҳֻóˡ
ӵȴŵ
˵ûμ˲£Ҳ£һ˾Ӧûμҵļҷ硣
Դٺμһļ壬Ϊ֮Ȩúõһ壬շֱ伣
μ񣬿ıǼ
˶һۣεˡ
褴ӱ߳ЦŶŵ˵÷б£ǰҵҪң󲮶ס
ŵļ˵Ժ鷳һҪңǧ𲻺˼ܶԷʲôֻҪ㣬Ҷۡ
褸жĲ֪˵ʲôźãֻʹ˴Լؿڣ˵ʲôҲ˵ˣ÷ԺʲôҪæĵطܿڣ褸ǣ
ŵҪ褸ֻҪһ
£ƫ̻ҲŹ
ŵصʱڿ顣
ϸһƣľȻǡ㾭
ŵΪϢ˵ʱֿüͷƺ˲ʶ֣ĬĬķһԵġ˵ġ
ŵ߹ȥĶ棬ͬһ鿴
⼸оҵֶΣЩǰֶΣ̫̫ǳԡ
֪˶ãŵ̧ͷһֶۣӣѾ˯ˡ
ǿ˯ˣҲôÿüչ񾲡ýʱʵͦŮġ
ŵſţƯĹϣëʼ΢Ĳμ˻۾ŵʶĲ˲ǣȻѹ˵ҳƽ
ŵһС̳˵ũĹƣζҪҪ
μ˽źã΢΢ͷ
ŵӣ˸Եһμǳǳĳһڣŵʵô
μ˵ͷ˵ͦúȵġ
ŵԼһСƺ꣬˵ϲĻС̳ˣҽѾ˺ܶˡ
ɫѾ磬ŵ˵վ򵥵ϴ󣬾ϴ˯ˡ
Ƭ̺󣬷ڵĵƻϨһһӰ¡
æ˴죬Ȼң󾢲СŵѣһСЩ΢ڴϣܿͽ硣
ҹҹ֮ϲѵơ
䣡
һףҹжȻը죬˯еǡ
֮ڣμ۾ϰԵķĴŵؿڣԣ¡
һ̣ʶʲôϵĶһ١
ʵǵһͬμҡ
»鵱Ҳ˺ܾõľףŵĶڴɪɪ˯ڵϵ˯ġ
ͬҹͬľףֻڵѾǵǸֻкͯǵ๫ˡ
ŵ˯ԺģоԼ۾֧ɻӣʲô
£Ȼоһʹ׹ȥ
μ˷ĲӣĽڴϣȻؿڣ˿


75 
ڶһ磬ŵӴʱ򣬽硣
˹ӣžůЩ
Ƕ䣬ǰ컹ЩȣȻûԤ׵Ľ£Ǵ޷νӵ죬м챻ˡ
²һ䣬ŵಱӣʹϺˡ
·ϴϣߵԺʱԺҶأҲʪġ
ҹӦһ꣬ǵðҹƺˡ
μҵѾɨԺҶĽѥıĽŵѾˣЦŵ磬ˮӰ
£ѾһǳǳˮȵˮĽڴɨԺӵѾľսæѵС㣬Сıˤˡ
Ļû˵꣬Ľͽһʧȥƽ⣬ȥ
СѾ߾һʱСѾڿһƯĿշȻء
һĻŵĽѣղŻҪ϶ˤùǺ
ʡĶ԰ˣôѶȵĶģ϶ĽΪ³Կ࣬Ȼ츳ǳ죬ȴû޹
ŵǰôû뵽ʵҪȷõݣ鷳Ķ԰š
ԭطһͷľ
ŵȻɵĽˮӣˣ˿ˣΪɵء
Ҫǣ¹꣬ôûĽôɵ֣Ҫˤһ£ˤϡ
Ľ룬ŵ˰֣˵Լɣһû緹ء
׼ȥҵ㶫ԣոߵСԺſڣȵһƬˮһʧȥƽ⣬ۿҪײſڵʯϡ
һŵоס˳ڿһƯתȻһĽ
μһִֻŵƿһֻһḷ̌ľһСˡ
ŵϲϲĶһ࣬ˬСãӻ˽Ŀζ
ԹŵЩĽôѧˣûиǲ𣿡
Ľĵ˵⼸ûиϿΰ˵ֲƾ٣ѧЩѾˣԺ󶼲ѧˡ
Ľܿģŵ
ÿ춼θΪϿεģû뵽εġ
ӴǺ֮·Ĵţÿ춼ʲ⣬ŵʵûбס
ŵûмڼҿ˰飬Ҳû֪ǲʲô飬֮ǰÿصŵȥϰ඼׼ʱ
ʱԺ
ߵСԺڣĿ⣬Ķų
һλָֽϵʽ˵ﵽôõģ㲻˵һЩǿ
浭ȻʵѾ䤱
һḶ́ʵҲûȥŵģ쿪ʼͱһסˣѲ
˵Ŀ⣬Ķų
һʼǶճµŲɣʱսã𽥷һ˿ԡ
ÿĶȷ֮ǰģѧ򣬵ÿʱǲ𣬶Ҫһգǵµ⣬Ҫٸһա
Ͳòˡ
ճµĴһӽԸʮ˽⡣
гЩһ̲סóҫȵڡ
뵽֮ǰ쳣Ϊǲòɣϼһﱳǲиָ㣬ģĸˡ
ճµģֻںٻƶѡ
ٳٲ˵½ߺɵôѵҲ᣿
Ĩ˰Ѷͷ亹˵Ȼǣֻʵ޶ۣϷ򽲵ôǻǲϷ룬βܽǳͨһЩ
վ˵ûʱˣϷҪȥθСѾͷڿΣȵٸǽɡ
һ·߳ԺվԺſڣ»ˣƬ̺󣬼ᣬĳ첽ȥ
ʱһԺʻλڳϣָԶҪʧһӰߴٵ죬ȥ
֮ϣһλ¶Ρ
ʵЩҪҪ죬ûʻԺͱλٳˡ
ԺԺλһ׸Ժ˼ңҲñ㹻𾴡
ֻܿ򳵷ελİɡ
θ
ŵԹ춼Ҫ˵ʱ򣬳١
ƺǾһҵ˶ͷǺսűóһӣŵСﵽεõģϷû鷳ٸҽһ
ŵһۣ治ֳܹ
ʽƵм©дһȻӰۣڸոսӴЩ֪ʶĳ˵ȷЩ̫Ծ
ʣ©дһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ૵ԭˡ
ҡҡͷпʵھ⿴Ƽ򵥵һϷ춼û뵽
£Ȼֶŵ̧ͷ
һͷͿŷŭ
޳ܣ
޳֮ȣ
Ϸʮ꣬ûм˺޳֮ͽ

Ƭ̺󣬳ڨЦһ˵Ϸɴû˵ЩϷġ
ԣһʱ
ϸ룬Ҫϼһûô˵
ȻûгϣҲûзϰ
Ȳѧ裬޳ܣ֮Уܳҡ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҵ޳ܵļһƿˡ
ˣѵЩӣڱָĸˣ
ôܣ
ôᣬССͣӦûڣȻ˾ѧۡ
񱳺ĸϼһЩǻȥˣ
½ָָŵĿ𾪣ŵ֮ǰЩѧ⣬ģЩǵĶҲ̸ģ
˱飬һ˵½ģ㲻Ҫۿ˵ͣСȻͲ󣬵ѧ裬ǼϼһҲԶԶ
λѧ̩ԭǲųԵġ
Ҫĸˣһλһѧˣ˵Ҳܽܡ
ƫƫֻһλꡣ
ʮꡣ
Բ֮䣬ѧһĸ˼Ȳϵĳɾֱ̫ͣ˼һʱԽܡ
ֱа½ߣЩлܵһЩ⣬ʳҵõϸĽǲҲˡ
ǣμ߽СԺ󣬱㿴һĻ
λͷ׵˼ңѧһؾصʯϣ档
๫һƵӣһľߣ٩٩̸
绹һ¡


76 Ϊ޳
λ˼ңμ˶ʶ
̹ѧ
ʵһʼֻг˵ûѧ츳ü
Ϊ֤Ǳȳѧ޶ûա
ֻǶ֤ʧˡ
λѧ˵ûѧ츳˺һϰ䣬ѧϰѧ
ֱŷѧʵҲûôѡ
ŵ˵һͷҲǽĸͷҲǽ
ò˵ǣͷԶܸߣͳһһͨǽΣֱҪ̫ɡ
Ÿǽ˰СʱŵͲٽȥˡ
һ˷Ѹʱ䣬ĶˣҲˡ
ŵ˹˹֣˵б飬ٺͼλ̽֡
ҵȲ裬ֶ̽֡
лСҵ
ҵȽվͲˣ̡

λ˼ңһλһλǫѷŵ˵֮񣬱һͬȥ
μվſڣ˴߹ʱҲ΢΢ף
˿μˣԺнǸֳһЩΪԶļ䡣
ⲻμǸС𣿡
һת۳ôˡ
ɲǣϴμʮǰ
ඡ
λ뿪֮ŵǰʵҲʶǣ
μ˵ͷ˵ǰ̹ѧ
ŵһ㶣̹
μ˵ͷ˵Ƕ˵ûʲôѧ츳Ͳˡ
Լ̾˵û츳ŵõĿĸͷ뿪ķһۣתͷοǼͷӶʲôѧ˵Ļ㲻طϣҪѧѧĻҽ㰡ѧˣǼͷҲҪһ
ŵſڿӣѧϣȻȷû̫ߵ츳ֻҪѧѧǼͷӻⲻġ
УԲ׶ߣռ伸Σͳƣ׳һܿشѧ򣬹Щͷо°뱲ˡ
Щ۸ǣ΢ѵСѧ⣬ҲǺһ
ŵ֪ΪʲôСͶѧϰȤ
ҪǴС˴ţҲѧϰ
ں˵һõʦǺҪġ
⼸ͷǺܶѧѹ̡
ַ̳ѧǽ̵úã˼ұѧ츳
Ϊ˰һţϴ裬˯֮ǰŵһСѧ꼶İ
һִӦ⣬һתǰǡ顱ĹŴ⡣
Ŀֻ̣ܶУ˼·ܵꡣ
ֻСѧ꼶Ŀѵһѧѧڻ¡
ŵȥԻ£ֱҪǳ˽⣬ҲСʱ׸ס
ĿǬ˹˵Ĺһͨžûôڿˡ
²μ˵򵥰ɣûѧ츳㶼ˣǼͷӻģȥǣû츳
μһʼû˿ͷŵ֮־ͦ򵥵ġ
λΪĵѧ̩⣬ӦѲǡ
ŵʱŵѾڴϵͷˡ
Ҳ֪ôڲӻۡ
廹ǴĿ˯ŤӣʣĽġ
߾սʿǿȻʵ
ҸǷʦ޵߾Ҳı䲻ԼǸƤʵ
ߣŵ˯ĺ㡣
𴲣ϴԹ緹û£ȥתתŴ˼վףûиܵԪļ
ϻȥʱ򣬻ùĹ褡
ʱθ
λͷ׵ߣ̤СԺ
Ժμˣ½ߵͷ˵Ϸǰ˵ʺѧڿϷȼ֮˷һĺӡ
ҪɣϷ˵ġ
ǶҪɣϷһġ
ĵĿ˼һۣǰЦʵѾͷڼ𣿡
μ𽣣ˡ
Ժڵʯԣ˵޷
μ˿ĵˣ룬߽䣬һֽߵԣ˵һĿᣬλɲԸҽ
ӹֽ㣬ЦȻϷ򿴿ʲôĿ
һ˲ҲɻɷѧôߣΪʲôܿͱֽ˼Ŀ
һ֮⣬δĿ
ʱȤܿ죬˵ԴҲ˹

ŵԷʱģæһϣûӵֻʧ뿪á
ϣҲʲôջûС
֪ʲôʱ򣬷䷢һЩ
ʼŵҪ˹ؽΣǡ
֪ǲ뾳ԭ򣬽ϣڲһ׮԰ʱ˸ոձϹãλĻ񣬾Զ˷ϡ
ŵʵ飬ֻҪ˾һ֮ڣͻڷϣ볬һɣѾֵĻҲԶʧ
ġ䡷ɸԺаȽ˶ؽΡ
һɷΧǴΡ
ϧǣǿ̽о⣬Ҳʱơ
ϻһ׮˵ҲƲİӣλ͵·󣬱ҹڲ񷿣Ťá
ʱڹ֮ϣ䲢δδκα仯
ֱŵ֮Ļųڷϡ
һ԰ڰ˸ʱ֮ǰ
ڶǰ
ŵӵİʱ䣬ƲⷨԶ̽ʱЧģʱЧڰ˸ʱС죬пܾһ졣
ֻҪʱЧ֮ڷİӣ˳ŵһɷΧֱӽ
ǰ̫ã㲻ֱܸӵʾˡ
ҲζţԺڲ鰸ʱõһʱϸֳ
һʱޣưҪѺܶ¡

صθո̤˵СԺͿʯԣϵһֽüͷһ
ŵ˿վԺμˣʵʲôʱģ
μ˵ʱǰ
λʱżһֽдʣ֤ǲǵ
һʱǰȥĽʱǾƣһʱǻơ
ŵȥһۣԼУûзŵ
ŵһֻˣӳ緹μѾʳҪҪԵ㶫
СѾ߸ո߹ȥûڣͱǲͷĻָˡ
ŵûȥãһʱ飬˱ĽȥһƤŵûǵݣʱ䵱վ׮Ľɫ
ȵʱŵصԺ˻ʱơ
òס
ŵתͷԵμˣ˵㿴㶼⣬ĸһ죬ҲûҾ˵ǲѧɣ

λѧμ˵УһֱɽĴڡ
ѧѧˣ˵ǽѧ
ֱ졣
λУѧϵ̳ϵˡ
һ㣬һϷͨˣ
ԣԣŵķ䣬һиõİ취
Ϸͷۡ
Ϸۡ

żλһüһץμ˵һξãǺҲûô
ɫʱʯԵļվĴԼͼ硣
Ժһ죬һֱ˼Ĵ𰸡
⿴ƺܼ򵥣ƺ𰸾ǰֻһ㱡ɴһ㱡ɴȴʼ޷ƿ
ǽʵεģȴⵢһ졣
ǵò𰸣½Ҳ˯ȡ
ֽ㣬ߵŵǰ˵С⡭
ŵʼ磬Ǭ˵Ҳᡭ
ϣŵ˼ǰ顣
⼸ͷӣһһСʱѧϰŵףŵˡ
ȵߺŵŶμ˵һٽһѧ⣬ͼǣ˵ʲôûûѧ츳츳Լ
μ˵Ȼ֪ŵ˵ġˡָ˭λԼסȷʵһ˵ĸܡ
С󣬼ˣԼΪʺ϶顣
ֻеŮӶҪ黭Ҳֻķʽ֤Ǳѧѧ
һ˿ǳǳЦ⣬֪ĳϡ
ؼ½ؼؼκλܽʶôѧʦӴȫµѧҲǺܿĵģǺܿЦˡ
μÿǣһ⣬һǴ𲻳⡣
ڼͺ¡
ʱҲ׹ѹԼ⡣
˼๫ѧ裬ĸҲԶԶʲô⣬ÿͬ๫ƫƫҪǣ
Ƿ޹ġ
ʮǰĸΪǿѧʧܸգǸͨѧĽۡ
ʵֻǲ̶ѡ
ʱģ๫һѧһĳɾͣ˵ڵǻҪߡ
ʶ飬ߵμǰʩһ˵Ϸ¶ԣӵܣǡ
˸ͷҲŹ
ǼͷӴˡ
ϷջصĻ
ϣԭǡ

ԺԣԼӵܡɼĻǸ⣬μһʱ֪Ӧԡ
ŵ߹Ц˵ѽǹȥˣλ
ĬĬĿһۡ
Ҳ֪Ǽ⣬μСģΪľǸ֮
λճѧʦСҲС
òϣİӡ
֮Уŵ졣
μСǸҲƤһֽ㣬ŵС⼸Ŀ㿴
ŵ߽ԺӣǶμ˵ӣǼĿô⣬̼̽λɡ
μ΢΢һ

Խ̼λ
ʱŵѾߵСԺſڣССľ̳ݸŵ˵ϴ˵ϲȵֹƣָ̳
ŵҲûпӹ̳֮ʵ⼸Ժôû鷳еĻǧҪҡ
ЦЦ˵ûˡ
ֹû鷳ῡȥ֮췢õ飬ʹԺԺ˭֪һ÷
û˸鷳û˸Ժˡ
ŵЩźץܶŹ飬ʱ߲ͨˡ
ҲܹĶ£Ҳ෨߽֮ݾʵ֤·߲ͨ
Ƚһ£һ¡
ʱ̫ļʵ䷴
褿С̳ƣŵ˵̳ˣ͵ͻᱻ﷢֣ȣûˡ
˵֮Ҫ뿪ǷʲôŲȻһ١
۾Լһۻˡ
Ժļλѧ̩ôμңһ۾Χʯԣһӣ˼ǣһԸǽģȻǼˡ
ڽʲô
μ˰ŵķΪλһ飬ʵ𣿡
ûлش
ԼĶĲ岻Ƕû
һ̣˷·ʲô
ʱǣֺγǱʱ
ΪһϸѧҪԼѧҪģҪѧҲ
ںһϣĸμλСǲϸġ
ǵĿ⣬ԼͬſڵǵӰ
ĺͯɬġʺ
Ժ϶Ϊѧ˲š
Ƭ̺ŵųʲôȥԺѧѧ
һ֣˵Сˣѧ裬Щ֮ͽʵǴСãȥԺ̵Ƶ
ǵŵȻǺԥľܾˡ
ÿеʱ򣬳ʱǽһΣҲûʲôȫְʦĻˣ
Ľô⣬ŵȷͦʺϽġ
Ȼöǽһ¡
˽ΣΪˣŵջǾԼϡ
սһ룬һӰҴҵܽԺӡ
̧һȻξ
ŵһõˣذ͵һʱθ⸱ӣѵдˣ
Ȼξܵŵǰ˵ӣˣ
ôãòһ׮ŵζ˲ýˣеıʣ˵·
ļλֻĿǵӰʧǰ
ֹؼʱ̣Ͳһ㲦ĸоֻܽĿ⿴μˡ
󣬻ǳεĿڣѾͷôģٸǽɡ


77 ͬ
θŵξһܼҵֱص㡣
ξμŵĶ˵һʱˣİ龭ûüʣǲһಶǰȥֳԼŵš
죬ٿ죡
Ĵʱ䣬һ·֮ϣŵϵĴߴܼҡ
Ƭ̺󣬳ڣĳﷻ
һڷſͣ£ŵҴҵĴӳ
źԶͿǰѹѹһƬ˾ۼ
ﲢǳĺ򣬷ڵ񷿣Ͱ䡣
סΧİգõĲڣһլԺ֮⡣
⼸ƷӰֵſڡ
ƷͳõƷ񣬵ֲȫǡ
õĲۣƷǰǡߡá⼸˵ǰһ̡֡
ξһ㶣̲ôˣ
ŵһãѵ̫˽غˣ
̴Ⱥȴ߽Ժʱ̲ٲס
嵶棬ŵǰ̲鰸˵˱ܣ
һλϲͷǰŵξ˵ӣˣ֮ǰ̲Ѿˣǲǽȥ
ξ߹ЦŶ̲˵λǳξ˵زӣС
ξ˵̬΢Щǲɣ˰̲Ѿ֣ûǳõ飬λˣذɡ
ξĿŵʾԼΪ
ǳأҲǴĳ׸ã̲£ǵϼš
̲ܲ˱ģڷİӣֻҪֱ̲Ӳ֣ȷûʲôˡ
ŵ̲Ĺٲ˵˰漰ֱ̲Ӳ֣Ҳ֪Ȩλи㡭
˿һۣΪ
ǽǲˡ
ŵǣٴοڡ
ҵ
롣

̲ٲÿŵܼҺξ̤Ժ
Ժڻм̲Ĺٲ˵ȽΪһüͷһǰҪڣһӰſܽС˵˼䣬һæ˿
ŵĿԺڵһʯһӰʯ¡
һλŮԣɫؼ˫Ϸؼ΢£էһЩֲ
Ҫ˵ʬ壬ŵֲģʻã˵ɫЩףȴҲûϴһŵǽ¡
һɫ̲ƷŮӣһվ£˿ϵʬ壬ַߵڵصĵӣ˵˫Ȼ´Ӹ߶Ⱥʣ˾պۣû˺ֳۣ޵ڶ˺ۼΧھӣͲȷɣʱ䣬Ӧʱڡ
ϵĻҳźһˡ
ʱûá
ŵ˿ĿŮӡ
ʮ˾ͣߺԼӲ࣬òҲʮʣЩơ
һͷĺڷûоĵı֯Ժ͸һˬӢ
Ȼôطƣķ棬˾ͲԶˡ
ŮӲԶӲԶ
̲ͨƷӲƷջز߸ӯӯһգĿƣһĻȡ
ŵһ۾ͲٿˣٺãҲǶһ޶ӣеĵλûܹ档
˵Ҳ֣ȻǵһμŮӣŵܾС
ʱŮƺܵʲôתͷŵ
ĿӣŮЩ΢ľϲ߹˵ѵһ޷ҵģϾҪ뾳ˣϧ˵ģҲһˡ
ŵ֪Ůӵиˡ
ȻҲ޷ҵġ
һۿʵǷҵڶΪˡ
⻹ĵһͬˡ
һһλŮӡ
ҺһҪˣŮӲΪ٣֮УŮԼϡ٣УҲ޲߾
ŵ֪ôеģ˵ŮˣŮҲǵһμ
˵ŵҲ΢΢ͷʾòʵ˭ģ
Ů˵ߵھӣһûгţ֮£ԽԺǽ鿴ԺС
һߵģھһũŵѯ˼䣬ǺĸȻĿİģΪܵ˾ţûʲôɡ
ũȷʵ֡
Ϊ˰һ죬ŵΧһɷΧ֮ʱ䡷ϲû
ʱŮӿŵ˵ð׷ˣ鰸ɱɱǷֵġ
ξҲ˹Сŵ˵ӣ¹ٶĲ鰸飬ϸ˵ȷ˶
ϸɱôŵȷǰһˣûзˣҲ˿˿С
ȻˣŵɱԵɣȣѰѣƣϾ·
ǺߣǶԷûֱӶ֣ҲҪеһķΡ
ŵ˽ϸ˵ʬڣϰײ
ξټϸ˵ᣬѯһЩϸƽ顣
ھӿе֪Ƕ֮ǰذģƽͥ࣬ϴ֯ȡһЩǮ
ΪΪƣᣬżҲӼýӼ
һӣʮĸΪ
ϸ˵ĶӣڳĳԺ飬ؼҡ
ϸ˵Щھ˵ϸ˶Ĳɼܺã˼Ҿھҫ鷢֮ѾȥԺˡ
£Щһ̾
Ŵôһˣô벻أ
ǰ׿Ժ飬ɼܺã˵пܿнʿء
㿼нʿҲܵ˽׬Ǯϡ
ϧٰһϾˡ
ǲ۶ӰɣҼǵǰŴ˵زӦǲöӵģϾҪƾˡ
¸ĸġ

ξҵһЩץõҩӡ֤λھӵ˵
ˣƺѾˣϸȾؼΪԺĶӵۣǱѡ˽ᣬöӶǣңı
һλΰĸףԶӳȶŨҵİ
ڳˣΧ۰գú̲Ĺٲ¶ݡ
Ůӣתͷ˲۾
ԺһƬžĳһ̣ſںȻһٵĽŲ
һλʿӣ°ڣ첽ܽԺӣɫͷ󺹣ոܽ̿һλˣʵŴôˣ
˶ɫӣ֪Ӧοڡ
ڴ˿̣ŵĿ⣬ȴ΢΢һ
̧ͷյķ䡣
֮ϣһ΢΢֮󣬳˵
һĲɫ
컹


78 Զʳ

һʿӿ첽ڡ
ܵһ룬Ȼͣ£һһѵŲŲӣҪȷʲôԽȷϵĽ
Ժڵ˿¶һĻ޲̾Ϣ
ߵſڣײڸǵĲϯһЩ̱ڵأھӼˣæס
գʿӻǿ壬˽ȥܿ죬ڴ˺ѷε
Ϊʲôôɵ
Ϊʲôȵң
һа취ģ׬ӣһҽκĲ


һĲҽУģᡣ
һ˼䱯磬ȺгϣŵߣܼҺλҲ̾˿
ŮӲ˲ᣬĿⲻ˳λúÿԱһۣжɫʮֵΧγǿҵĶԱȡ
ʲôΪ͢ԱȻһͬĶûУˣܵøĸ
ͦϲġ
Ͼĳ͢޷ҵĹԱʵټòһͬˣû뵽Ȼʯĳ
һ潨ĺøУ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ʱţԺΧ۵İգɢȥ
ֲ֪˶ãʿӴӷ߳ߵԺ˲ᣬԳú̲˹һɳƵ˵λ鷳ˡ
ξ̾˿ļ˵ţŵҪúûš
ӻͳһӣʿУĿϣǱٵһ⣬úøĸװ£ȻԺ飬ȡԺ
ʿսǶӣʵллˣ
ŮӼˣҲͳһӣʿ˵ĸΪ㣬ϧԼĺ°¡ص㣬Ȫ֪ҲῪĵġ
ùһɹԺ𣬽Ƕӷ棬Ȼ𣬴̲ͳõĲ߹ҲԾóһͭǮ档
ߵŵǰʱĽŲͣ¡
ŵ
ŵ
ŵûʲôʾŬŬ졣
ŵ˼ҡҡͷ˵ûǮ
Ůüͷ˵õĲ춼ˣ㲻裬Ϊ͢Աôôûͬģ
ŵûǮ
ôãûǮ
⣬ҪʲôܼһӸǮġ
Ůӣ˵Ҳǳ͢Ա
㲻ǳ͢ԱŮһ㶣㲻ǳ͢Աʲôԣ㲻ǹԱô޷ҵģƭҡ
ŵֹҲǳ͢Աô޷ҵģˣΪߵĶ࡭
ʱһ̲ĲǰС˵˼䡣
Ů˫ĿɴȻǱĳϢˣĿֱĶŵŵĶӣĶ޷ңڿЦ𡭡
ŵջŮӺӺ뷨
ӿûô໰
̲ˣʵ̲Ѿ᰸ôߣ
ڷŮҲ޷ҵ֮ŵͶˡ
ҿɲҸ޸ģӰ죬ﷸ޵ģ˶ץһץһ
ԷҵʵǾϵŵɲԼİӱȥˡ
ŮӱѾ뿪ˣ仰淴
Ҫ˫ֱأסֻñ˵˭˵̲᰸ˣַ˱һЩɵ㲻𣿡
ŵʵʲôɵ㣿
Ůתҡ
ȥ벻ɣֻ͵ͦأƾʲô㣿
ŵ˰벽Ϻ
û˼죬ϼȻ˴˵Ļ񣬱˵ĸ׵ֱӵĹϵ˰Ǳչ¶ô򵥡
ʿӣʵк׿Ժѧ
ʿɫݣǡ
ŵξ˵ȥһ˰ɡ
΢΢һ㶡
˸ոĸףûüΪ׼£˴ȥøʲô
ŵ͵Ͼһ׮ߵĶӣ˽᰸ʱҪṩһЩʣעҲҪڳǼλھӣҲһðɡ
˵ŵѾ֪ϸ˵ĶӺ׿Ѳϵȴûֱӵ
һԭǣҪһ顣
һԭǣֻһ޷ҵȴ
ŵģֹ͸ʵǹغֵĲǹͣ
˵ԷʲôҲûзֱ֣ӶΪɱҲԶʳ
ŵĽоݣ˿ʱȷҪȥûҲҪȥñþǾݴͳϽÿ˿ġ
ǺŮüͷ˵ֲһʱΪ󣬻ǿЩΪȵΪĸװ˺£ȥҲ١
ŵȥصĻʱӣ֮һÿͻᵢʲô顣
˵ֶܼҵھȥһϺõĹײģ͵ðһЩɥƷһЩеʿΪ˳ȣ˼ɥµһӦѣеˡ
̲ЩΪԼղŵ뷨е
ΪλǸһëεĹû뵽ǵĸȫ
λԺѧӣոʧȥˣ˼ﱸôӵ飬ٶҲûð
ʿҲһмŵȭлˣ
ŵļ˵ڰ˳䣬ʲôѴȥǡ
ʿһл
ξѡ˼λھӣһͬǰṩ֤ʣŵ˿ܼ߳СԺҪʱһͷײ̵ͦı
ҺɲʱŵźŮӣʵﲻ̲Ǹʲô
Ůһ˫ˮֱĶŵ˵һԶʳ


79 
֮䣬һζûˡ
˲ŵһμ棬඼˽⣬ȻͲµŵҪԶʳ
ؼǣ¶ˡ
ŵΪԼղŵˮ©û¶°ôģ
Ȼһ˵УŵȻֱӳϣһթԼŵ¶ãȻʵʲôʳ
ŮӵҪˣǿԶӣ
ŵϵĿʵ㿴𣿡
Ůӵ˵ͷ˵񡣡
ò˵׼
ŮҲûж˵ʲôԹԵһûȥأøȥ
ŵûʲôÿġ
ŮӵÿҲ뿴
ŵֵ治ÿ
ŮӲŵˣֱܼң˵ͷ㻹Ÿʲôݳ

ŵϣһ۶ĺŮӡ
ӣֱˣǰģĻĽࡣ
Ůӿϣŵ˹֣
벻ԷȻһգҲǴĹգģľˡ
Ҳȭ񣺡ŵ
ʵĶӡĶӲɵ𣿡
ŵƳһۣŮһͲעʱ£˵Ķһǰϻˣŵƿ͸͸ڵѾκˡ
¶֮ɫɵҲκ𣿡
´ŵһİһ㶼ˣˣô뵽޷ҵģͬ޷𣬶㶼޵Ҫ뾳ˣѵʲôΪؾиղǼӣ㵽׿ʲôˣ˵˵¡
ŵоֻѼڽС
ռ䱾խߴߴͣŵһ춼岻ȥͷҪըˡ
һ̣ޱӡ
ʱһ·һ仰˵
һ֮ˣϣʵһ˵ô࣬ô˵
̲ûм˺죬˶ģ˵Ҳǡǡȡ
òʶһˣǺһ޷ҵģȲ˺þõĻ˵ˡ
ŵһۣҲøĻᡣ
һⶼûлش𣬷ʵô뵽޷ҵģҲǹԱûִ֮ȨΪôġ
ûʵ죬Ҿ޷˰ҲİץˣддʣҲǹ٣ҲΪġ
̶̼仰ŵжϳıһ
̲ԼһĻⲻǼ򵥵Ȩ˼ģĻ㲻ǻӵܡ
ŵʵˣʲôΪˣ
ߣϸ¸ͻƵľ
ŵȻһɴ۾٣
ԼˣҲͺԼôǷҵľ
˵ǰѶһ㣬ҲһλƷһˣ̲ר̷ִĲ٣ͨԱһӶ޲ľ
ľôˣ
ľʲôôСֵģ̲˵徳ɴ˵ľд˶ǵ۷壬ʵֻ̲ŵ
ûʲô
ͬͣͬ޷ң˼ҵľԼ㾳
ŵܴ̾˿ʵжˣƽʱôеģ
Ҳ˽˵ҲûôУ̲ǩѺһ¸صİڣÿɱһаŮĵƦÿƼ׮͵ľˡ
ŵȷȲˡ
뾳ľ
һ㣬Ҳܽܡ
ǰãľ֮󣬲ĵѶȣľʮ궼δܵ徳
̲ƹȫͽϵİӣ̲˺ʩУ̲޷ҵĹԱֻǩ֣ܻһΪ
Ȼջ񲻶࣬ʤջۣҲһֲܿ֡

ŵȻ̧ͷʵƽʱ𣿡
ôˣҲ׮һ׮հһ׮ƣ˵ôࣿ
ͷ˵аÿʮҲǶץˡ
ŵȻôô֪
һ㶼⣬˵㵱Ȼ֪ڳ氲ˣ˱ǵ̲

ŵ֪Ϊʲôһ۾ͿԶʳ
С֮ģС֮
Ҷһ֮ѣɲһһ׼
ŵԶˡ
ֻǳһζʳƽʱ⣬Ĺһˡ
治Ƿҵľıûŵĺڶˡ
ŵʵղǼӣ㵽׿ʲôˣ˼ɱѵӣⲻܣڶԺûлعҡ
ŵҡҡͷľûԣһû뾳ģܿʲôȥð᰸ˡ
Ƴһۣš
Ҳ޷ңĬеģ̰ͼӵǵΪ
ǣѵ˰ʲôûзֵϸڣ
ܿ쵽˳ãξһ֤ˣʱ·ϡ
ŵãͺͻԼһԹԵȥ鷿Ȳˡ
ȥ֮ǰһλ죬㿴
ϣ˾͸ϽߣҪ鰸
ܼ߽䣬Сŵ˵үλݲһ㣬ǧҪ
Դŵ磬ܼһǵһκ˵Ļ
ƷĿУһ㶼
ῡĸǴƷľŵʱܼҲûš
Ψر
ɴ˿ɼĲһ㡣
ŵʵʲôͷ
ܼҵСĹܻʼҳ谮˲̲޷ң¶ѻ㡭
˿֪ܲԳЩ˵ܡ
ŵµǻˣû뵽Ȼǵ
ܼѣࡣ

濴Լ
˼ʲôʵʲôʵʲô˼ң
Ӽ浽ڣһֱԼ
ܼȴ棬ٴǿү˵ģλĻȻϣڰȴʮֳ谮һӣүܹӦеĻӶԣɾͺΣˡ
ŵʵǵǷҵľãô
ܼҵһܺƭӣǧƭĸӣҪȻʼҲ㣬ٷҲ㡭
ŵ˰֣˵֪֪ˡ
컹һŹһ֣ʮһʮ£賿ĸһ𿴣һЩ


80 Ϊ
ŵһ趼û꣬һӰʹ˽
ȡһֻ豭ԹԵĸԼ˱裬ŵԱߣ˵þã̲Сˡ
ŵĵ˾Ϳ̲ȥôºϲˣ
ξǶˣղžͶ衣
ȻߣŵҲ˷ᡣ
Ͼ⻹ĵһλˣһǷҸ߾
ŵϿҵľǿߣһɻΪΣδۼʶ
վЩڴ˵ɲʩչһλΪҿᣬҲǻΪֻʶʶ
԰
ûԥܴ󷽵ĵ˵ͷ˵ǰһ
ŵǰһһ̣ͷʹһʹײһޱȵǽ
ǰտҲʲôûС
˲ͬķֳ˼ΣһĽƺһȦεǽ˷֮ء
ǻΪ
Ȼ
ҵľеӦеͽ̣Խط֮һ
е߲ܳҲܽȥ˻ԭء
ȻҲ˵ľ徳ʦҲûֱ¡
ǰټ֮ԡ
αںŵѾ鹻ˣ˵Ѿʶˣ鷳ҳɡ
ƫͷһЦ˵ң㵽׷ʲôȻԹԴŰɡ

ŵʶͷҵľȣ̫ˡ
ڼﱻŪڹƣ˻ҪŮŪ
ҲӲڣҪȻֵõ
Ů˺ҲǵľҲ֪Ӵ򲻴ùǴùҲܴ˭˼ǹء
Դ磬ŵǵһᵽʵȫѹĸо
Ƭ̺ϣ˿ڲˮ˵ʵҲûʲôֻǴǺ׿棬һЩѰĶ
ʵʲô
ŵ˵֪ĸΪ˲ѧҵԾ۾Ӧбˣʹ࣬ھЩԲӦϲԣȥԺˣӦúܿͻн
䡷Ĵڣ˵ûţŵֻóľɡ
ܾȣŵ㶼ĳ
ֻ˺׿ĺѹһТӣܴ˵۾￴ô
һﲻϹŪԼɣ
һӰ߽䣬ŵ˹֣˵ӣ²飬Ѿ鵽ˡ
ŵЩȣô죿
ʶϸ˵ĶӿһʱͰȥˣȴҲû뵽ξЩ˻·ϣ߾Ѿˡ
ǻԺΧ˾ľݵ㣬Ǻ׿ԺСҪ鵽鲢ѡ
ŵǵһ˾ƺǴһܵԼ׵Уô˵ЩҲǳ˾ˡ
ŵ˵鵽ʲôˣ
⻤˵׿ԺְѧսԾóѧͻǰԺƸ¼ȡԺ俴еѧ֮һкܴһƾٸнʿ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ȷӵسղŷĻŵģǲ֪ѧǻ
Ⲣŵĵģ⻤˵أ
⻤˵Ȼƾٻа꣬׿ѱһЩſУ˵СŮ˺׿ĲòҪΪ
˿ڲ裬ֲ֡
ĵĹԱֻܴӿƾвЩɼԺѧпδĹٳ¹Ҳǳɫ壬ȨĶ
ǵȵƾ֮ȷ˽ʿʵ̫ңĴҲҪ
ˣһЩѡǻѧʱĽ¡
õֶΡ
ŵǻ˵
ǻڣ׿ѾӦȢǧΪޣλǧ𣬶ں׿ĸףƺЩڱʾԸͺ׿ĸͬסΪй
ԣüͷѾ
˾鱨ǲɵġ
ӵзŵĹ壬Ʒڳ֮УǳȨ
ǧСţԸźˣҲ
׿нգĸʮһյڸڹ֮Ϊʸţ๩ĸк죿
ôˣһ֪͢Ѿ˹٣ҲҪժȥñȣá
ǧĸ֮䣬ֻѡĸףûбѡ
ʶʲôüѵ˵׿ĸײΪز۶ӣҪȫ׿ͻǧĻ£Բ˵ģ
ĸǻţڵѹ׿ȻΪʸȨĸס
ĸˣ׿㲻ѡˡ
һУֻҪڿƾ֮Тһ꣬ΣȢҲӰ졣
ŵҡҡͷŶӣģ䡷֮ϣֺ׿Ļ
˼Ƭ̣˵һɣǺ׿ʹĸԾġ
ŵĿӿֳ𾪣ʵ֤أ
ͬԾĸŶӸͱʹȻͬ
ĸ׵׿Ȳ֪飬ô˰һΰĸףΪ˶ӵǰ̶һ˼䱯磬׿ܵκγʹ
ǶʹģǴ治ס
մɣ˵ȼ߱ĸԽ̣
ھӽĸĸֻҪھûֱӶ֣Ҳдͽ̡
׿ĶӣТ߱ĸΪʮ֮һֻ뷨ͷûָʵʩҲΪͷݡ
ŵ֤ݾǷ䡣
ֻҡͷ˵û֤ݡ
βûзŵȻû֤ݣйӣӺ׿ϵ鵽ϢĻɣûпܡ
˼Ƭ̣ʵô죬Ժѧûȷ֤ݵĻ̣ܶЩԺѧɲǺǵġ
ȻЩѧûйкܶ඼δĹԱ
͢ӡ
ֻҪۼǰʲô˵ʲôֻǾŵ٣ۺϿ˱ضϸ
֪վ˶õܣ֪ټվȥˡ
°ˣĿĹñ
첽߽æ˵ӣ˵˰¹һƣԡ


81 
Ҿò˳·õʱ䣬Ȼͬ
ŵصãξŴһ֤˸ϵ
Ϊ˰ûʲôɵ㣬ֻѯߵھһЩ⣬̣ȥˡ
ûʵЩæµٰŶӡ
£ĹΪ׿
ȵ׿е飬һѾȺˡ
ŵٴ˵ڰ
׿ɫˣ˱ȭ촽˶ȴû
ƺѾĵ˵
ʱʻá
׿֪ǲǴֻôõ·
·ȥƺҲû١
Ϊ̫ңʱ䶼ˡ
֪˶ãڼſͣ¡
׿Ҫڰ
ҲΪá
صѧԺ֮ҪŬ飬ܲΪһС
Ŵɥ£ǻ޵ġ

׿һٰο
һ׿ŻصԺӣԺţϣ˿
֪˶ãٴӣͥԺݡ
ȥõʱ䣬ھѾúá
ײĻû֮ǰֻһż׵ľ崲
ĸ׵ʬ壬ľ崲ϣһŰײš
ǰһ֮ϣŰײµĸʬ壬ϵıܸӡ
бˣʹ࣬ھΣҲһ˿صĺĽѺȻ
н죬벻ĸס
ĸ᲻óԴʳһӣ๩飬׿Ľ졣
ĸЩĸҲƸԺ
Ҳ빦֮󣬴ĸһ
ǡܷܷԸ⡣
ǹǧ𣬲Ըÿһλ밲ʺ򣬴Ӧ޸Ψһǲܺĸһͬס
˳ˣһլӡ
լ㣬λڳشʮӶĺլ
ˣǻΪõõʦڣõĽ̵ڲúĿƾиһ
׼ƶƺƻãܹƾŬֲ
ֵƶŵѧѧģԶЩǮ˼ҵĵӡ
ܸܽõĽ̵һڿƾȡøߵΡ
ڿƾȡøߵΣζڹٳϸߵ㣬ֻǰ뼶֮ҲΪʡȥĿా
οһϻֻһССľƷξδҲƽƣܿһӶλá
෴ûйпھƷλһ
һλᣬһɻڴúð̵Ļᡣ
ĻᣬһץסⱲӶеڶΡ
ԺݼӢѧӣû׿Ҳ׿׿ʱ˴
׿ֲĸڲˣˣղ񷨲͢Ҳ
Ϊǰ;ҲΪ˺ҵδֻĸˡ
õĽ취ܷܷ⣬ֲ
һ뷨ĸʱĸȻһҹδߣʱ򣬻ǴӦ
زԼΪɣ
һ׿ԼǣܷܷҲ⡣
Ȼƻ޷죬ɵľƭ˳ú̲ˡ
Ҳ֮ܳΪƭĸѾˣԼ˵κ˶֪е飬ܷܷûиߡ
飬ײġ
˿
ȥˡ
ʱĶߺȻһ죬׿ͷ
򿪵ķţȻԼϣ˺׿һ
һ̣Ҳ׿ٴλͷֻǼľ崲ϣײڸǵĸʬ壬ȻתͷòѪ˿۾Ķ

׿ȻһĻŵøεɥŲſڡ
Ҫ򿪷ӳȥⷿžǱһþȫҲܴһ˿϶
֮ڣ֪ʱһ˿˿ĺú׿̲סһ¡
ĿǼ׵ľֻʣһײȻͷȴѾȥĸףƾߴ˫Ϸɫ࣬ͷ¶һɫպ۸
ⲻТӡ
һն翣·ӾĴĲú׿ֹסķ
߱ĸ⼸죬һֱڵ£ÿ϶جΡ
һĻ׻ͱߡ
ڵأһ߿ͷһ޵ﰡ㲻ܹңⶼΪ˺ң㲻ܷܷ޸ңǺʲôʱܳΪš
˵ԼԸȫҵģͺúðϢɣÿ궼պܶණȥģ

ϵȻᡣ׿ûзӦؿڱ㴫һʹ
˴ݷ˳ȥֱײ˷ţɵԺصأؿڣǲѪ˿
úŵͻȻŭһ
ܵԺֺ׿Ѿ˹ȥ߻һƬ³Ѫ
һŲνء
͹ȣŵȻãӻǺġ
ݣ
һŵͷһξ嵶˳
ڵ߹ƺҪ׿ŵæĸ첲Ȱ嶯ǧ嶯
һȻȷǸʮûоأҪôˣܾͰæˡ
ջ侲еĳڵϣԾɺߣŭ
׿ȷ˵Щ
ѻ飬ĵЩȴ
ĸΪϴɣԾ˭뵽ôģԾ֮ǰҺ˽ڣҩھӣΪǲΪôĵģ
Խ˵ԽԽ˵Խ嶶ͣŵˣһıһ˵Ϊ岻ֵá

ղͺ׿ʱŵǰһЩš
ú׿ĳٶȣԶ·ǾһϵǰһЩá
ʵҲûʲôòõģܼľƷŵĿϣʬһЩ򵥵ĶҲ򵥲顣
ЩǼǬѡ
ŵ˲ŶΣԭΪҪЩû뵽Ǻ׿Ϊй׼Ĵ󲿷ֶλûʹͲӰ˵ʵ顭
õλٶڴˣҲڣ׶ţҲҪ֤ݡ
Ƭ̺ȥĺ׿ߡ
Ŀŵһۣĵ˵治ǹӰһ۾Ϳ˴⡭
ʱҲһЩŵŵʵĴ۾濴ЩȻͲµĸ׵ָʹģ
޷ô꣬ƻ˲ٰ֪ӣҲû¡
˵ɴˣҲ
ĺôġ
ŵû˵ʲôܱ㿪˵ʲôϴǼϣûȥװֳû˽ⰸûʷˣֻһ˫۾ʹٶҵ֣ĵġ
Ϊ𾪣ѿڵ˵ģ
ܴһӣʲôݣƭ㲻ɣ
˵꣬ø˵СѾͷͲƢСٲģֱƢøһģѷ˴ˣҲѲ˸ϵ˲СС´󡭡
û˵ʲô߳ԺӣͣԺſڵһ
Ȼ˵Ĳ̫ҲǳںģͲƽˡ
ܿ˿ŵʵ̲Ĳ̲Ů죿
ŵ˵ͷɡ
һ㶣࣬ǲ죬ѵǲͷ
ŮǲΪٵģ쵹ûƣҲû롣
ŵʼСĹ̲УãʶҲ
ξǰ棬öûͷһڵϣ̿첽߹ȥ𣬹еˣôˡ

׿úˣԴ֮һԲ˵֡
˵˵һ
ξڳܲڴͨݺһûκιϵԺѧ
ڴİպȨֻдܸɳ顣
ǰǷҵľǿߣ˼һԩ޳𣬷ΪԩԼе顣
׿߱ĸ治ʮ⣬ɵʡ
κһ˽ĸԾܵôصĳʹ
Ψ׿ΪĶӣ׵ݣߣɷ
Ǵ¶ûķݡ
д꺫׿д֮󣬷֮ϣŵʮա
׿ȻҵӣȴûгȻֻ֮һͨˣŵӵҲûз
߱ĸٵ޳Ȼ֮Ź֡
ҺͷЩطƣҲЩطͬ
ҪˣҲҪˣҶϰΪιϰԩΪıҲΪ
һԸӵСˣֻҪһֱж԰Ҳ˳޵Ҹ߾аֻеĹ̡
йһӰҲ޳һ˿Ȼ֮
ҵĺȻõƬ
޲ȻģδǼ鳼ǿֻûôΰ󣬹СҶ¡
޳ȻģһػµĴ֮
ӵкȻĹԱǴģҲֻỳỳĶҪȻ޲Ȼ֮
ڹԱʵԺѧǣ޳Ȼ֮ĸࡣ
޲޵ĳȻ֮ɼ޹ء
սԾȴĹΣȻûкȻ
ɼĻ£ҲδûкȻ
׿Ȼǰߡ
̾˿˵ĸΪô࣬ΪϴɣһĽ֣ɱɱ
һ˵£ԺǱߣҪ̲ȥһˣ˵ԵɣҪȻԺ¹ٿɳﲻ𡭡
Ժڳĵλ⣬ȻﶼЩ޹ְѧʦǳسԸǡ
Щˣţ»뷨峺޴һвܵͷУĸҲ뱻Ƕš
ִ󣬳͢ģЩԱ
Ѿˣŵ˸к׼ؼҡ
ո߳ãһӰ͸˳ߵǰ棬ʵôйģ̽¡
ŵҡҡͷ˵ǻᣬǲᡭû̡
ƳһۣõС
ŵ˵£Եټ
ŵ֪ݣ⡣
Ķӣ׾ܲ鵽ݡ
Ȼ֪ôһۿ˵ģԷ⣬Ҳû취һЩֶΡ
С¼ǸˣЩ¡
ĿԶȥתͷٴλصá
Ҫûӭײȥŵһ£̹˵¹ٲ֪ݣð˹£빫ˡ
˻֣ƽ飬˵㰲żˣǸѺ̲ӣ̲󣡡
̲ȨҪ
Ƭ̺ĿһԶȥſſڵʯʨϣ˿
ĲأǰһССƷܾһصĴСˣڹְƷȴҪ޹ְ˺ȥ
ǿĺòĺð


82 Ů
׿̲ͣſʱŵҲѾصμҡ
ӺĽڼң֪ʲôȥˡ
ŵһ˻ص䣬Ȼһ£䣬һҳ
һҳϣ׿Ļŵģ˵ڳ˵س
˾˵׿óѧͻǿƾٱؿġ
֮УΪҪơ
ƣֿƣΣƣǰƶԣڿƾռȨҪСһЩ
ƾȨΪʮռģռĿƸռһϻġ
УֿϸΪ鷨滭ɷ¡
׿ͨѧͻ滭ռ˿ƾȨʮ֮ûԵ㣬еϣܴ
ǲ֪Ͽɵسѧǻ滭ֻ߶ǡ
ŵһ㾭ɨ˼ۣûֺǰʲôͬ
ʡʵһ̣Ϥĸоֻˡ
ʱպī֭İֽϷѸƶ
Ƭ̣һˮīɽˮͳǰ
Ȼŵеġ
ɽؼľԴؼˮõĵطŨĵطŨһжĺܺú⾳
䡷ν졣
ץ鷨ңңﷸֱȥƾˣ޷ǺķѼѣ֮ץˣͶˡ
͹ˣΪ˲˷ѣŵһֽϸͬëʣԺиֳһӰֽϻ
֪˶ãŵ˸±ʣԼոɵƷ
ղŻɽˮλ
еŮӣбǧϣбĿԶɢһֳȻ׵ʡ
ȻֻǲϤһ۾ܿ˭
ŵģĽڵǧӿǧϵ档
Ǳ䡷Ͽɵ츳Ǻ׿Ȼ⻭Ĳ
ñʼ࣬ȴʧϸ壬īɫŨˣò񣬻ӳ׵Ҳ˳
ŵԼƲ۾
˵վõμˡ
ŵг˾ȣử
ŵͻȻֵһعͷվʵһ㡭ʲôʱģ
кһˣ㻭棬ûд㡣μǰԼĻиֳһ˿رɫʡ
⻭ÿ
СʱҲѧǲҪ죬ˡ
ЩտˣһֱĽ
ŵӣ˵ҪϲĻ͸ˡ
μ˵˵ͷ˵лл
ڲزסЦ⣬ԺкȻֵһЩͷŵٴοڣʵϵĻԻĸá
μ̵ȥң
£ʧŵǰ
ŵЩЦ쿴ʲôںӣʵϲĶһЩ˼ǲزס
μϻûĽȹˡ
ո߽䣬ͱϵǷˣܵǰ۷ŹĿŵŵ磬㻭𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ
Ľץĸ첲һҡһҲҪŵ磬Ҳһɡ
ŵƲǷ˵治𣿡
ĽĿȥʵ
ŵָǧϵһӰ˵ﰡ
ʱĽڵǧ浱Ȼ
Ϊ˷ΣŵֻȼʣһСŮٶûУԶûлôġ
Ľ֪ļʾŵĸ첲ţ˵вУûУҲҪһ˽ģˡ
ĽŵûһֿģЦ˵úúãھ͸㻭
ˮīҪȲī򵥶ˣŵʹգƬ̵ĹһƯֿɰСԾȻֽϡ
ĽŻűһ۾᲻ôӻƿ
ŵȻղǶ԰ˣ㲻ٰİɣ
ĽСŻ˵Ȼˣ֪ǰ¹ǵ˪ҿûбƭ
ʵٲٰνŵʹٶ໭һ
ϴηӵʱƫģ˵ץÿο񶼺ԹŵҲͦ˼ģһˣźһСƽϡ
붣ĽȱŻȥһתͷѾˡ
һʧģǷ
ŵεҡҡͷֻץٻһ
ʱθĳ䡣
ɴ۾Ľеһ
ƯС
ȻҲĽ
ĽЦ˵ŵһģÿɣ
˼ۣͽߵһԣһԾϽ£ɵ˷ϡ
ôߵĵط
غã϶˯˰ѻ͵ߡ
ǰôɡ
֪ôһϲ˯ҲҪ͵Ķ
ŷϵĻССӿֳΡ
ĽѶصҵôߵĵطĹš
ŵĽӿֳһ뷨
ҲӦѧ
Ժͷ͵ĽĶˡ
ڷҲ¡

Ľߺŵ׼ҲһͬĻһ֡
ոʣμ˱߽˷䣬һ
Ƭ̺ŵ򿪰óһѴʵСƿ
ЩСƿװģǲʻҪϡ
Щ첩Ⱥ飬䲻룬ҲǳǳоĿƾ١
ĿƾٿļΪ㷺֪ĹŴƾ١
Ǻִ߿࣬ȸ߿ĿĿ໹࣬滭ǡơµСֿ࣬ϸΪˮīͲī
ȫͬļ붼ԡ
Ŀƾ٣ʵǿιǵѧϰ
пĿѧӱضҲ̫Ϳ߲ˡ
ͬˮīʻϣЩ
糽ɰؼؼؼۻؼƻƵȣ۸񰺹󣬲һļͥѵġ
ƾٵ䣬ֵҲǣǴٹ˲ʸ
ѰռҵĺӣҪѧЩҪึʮٱŬ
ŵȻûѧʻϵ滭֪ʶȴϵĴԺð
Ҫĥμ˿˿棬˵ɫˣҪЩЪϢɣٻҲ١
ŵϵĶûͣ£˵û£Ƚ׼ãܻһЩһЩ
Ͼֻʱģһ֮ͻʧЧ
ŵĽ˸ÿĲʻòҪϲһ㣬ʱܲ
룬ȽҪɫã׸年ճ
ɫѾȫ֮ڹ߲㣬ŵϵʱμվԣһյƣŵߵ
ҹܾΨӰӣŵƹζ

峿
ŵ˯˸
ҹϹҲûܽӵĲʻ꣬Ҳʣ࣬ٻʱ깤
ŵϴϣμ˸պΪ͡
Թ緹ŵæµ
ʱμվһԣһһ
Լûʶһµʱ䣬ŵ񣬾ͷ췭ظĸı䡣
Ľּ˽ɫʵĻʱ˲;ԼŻûôÿˡ
ÿŵû˵ŵ˵𼱣ȸ˽㻭˾͸㻭
Ľ˲չ¶ЦգҾ֪ŵˡ
ŵ߱ıĿһ˳ȥθһԺӣ߽һ䣬ӡ
ûѧѧֻǽţÿһΣͻỬ
ĽһԾϽΣͽǷӷȡֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
ЦЦ˵ŵ续ã˵һҪһһɫģÿʱҰ͸ɡ
ҲŲϡ
һܳԺӣֱܵһԺӵķ䣬˯ҡѣߴٵ褸磬ˣһ
߳Ҳ˯ˣԺֽʣһߴŹǷһΪ
ȻҲԣϾƾҪдСΪ˽̻滭
ֻһûʲô츳ҲԸ⻨ʱȥУֻ˵ùȥ
褻֮һۣ죬ʲôĶң㻭ˣ
˵ˡ
褶ԴϰߣϺͼﳹҹϲŻؼ˯û˯þͱҪ
ʬߵߣֱͦͦĵȥ
ܻԼСԺĽںͼ˽һתĵ߽һԺӡ
֮ڣŵŸոɵĲʻ
ˮīīȣǺڰƬͲɫƬ
䲻˵ˮīīߵȷ˵Ӿ
ٴθп׿ҲĺãûǼ飬пܸнʿ
ĺûеߵһ˹٣֪жٰҪꡣ
ո߽СҲ𾪵ĵɴ˫ۡ
عץŵ֣˵ŵ磬ǷŪˣٰһһһģһĺòá
˵꣬˵ǰ¹⣬ǵ˪ͷ£ͷ˼磡
ĽԼǲסͰѰдֽϣѹͷ£͵͵ˡ
ûҪɫʵĻȻϲǻĻһܷʱ䡣
ȵĽ깦ͻûôɵ
Ȼˡҹ˼֪֮󣬻һƵĶ
ŵЦˡ
˶ţ˵Ľ
ŵԭطͷҿ
תߣͣ
Ľԭطͷ
صԼķĽڷϵĻ뵽ղűһ仰𴩵ĳһ
ܵһ䣬˵Ҫѧ
һλϷĸԣܵ˵ѽŮѧʲôѧడѧɾûжʱˡ
ᶨҾҪѧ
˵úúã棬˽һ㡭
ҡͷҲҪ˽̣Ľã
εˣԼȥɡ
ﲻܵһ䣬̲ž죬ûڣ˵æԼȥɡ

ƲֵθС·ϣﲻҲ˽ֻĽŵҲֻĽ
˶ϲ
߽θһƫƧԺ䣬Ǽѷĵطƽﲻ˽Ҳһ˵ء
ԺźСȹӣſڵʯϣίĿ
ޣ޾ܱȵùԺѵҪ˭޵ĸ
ߺȻһ̧ͷ˲ᣬǰ
һͷĻӰǽͷ΢΢εϸСȡ
΢紵ƿĻµɴ¶ű°ǵԼһ˫ÿ۾
ʵ㣬˭ѽ
Ůûлش⣬ӸµĿʵ벻ѧ
Ҫһʦң벻ܱȼ˽
ŮӴǽָᵯһָ
֮⣬һשȻѡ
ͷʵ
ĸ硣


83 μ˵
ӵĻŵֻһˮī
һɣ±ʣɬ󣬴Ъһᡣ
ȵԹ緹ٰһī֮Ҳ͸ʧˡ
֮»õĻ͵
һΣãŵûԴ
ÿһˮīһīûرƫĽ
Ȼһ㣬۲Ҳֻһĺӣǻδ졣
ŵΪǵĽ򣬹ֵƫһһڳɳĹУĨȥӰ
Ϊ˸ʦϰ忴ӣ˽һЩͯѧ
һңŵʰϵʱ򣬼Ӱ߽䣬ϵĻ΢΢һ㶣㵵С㻹
½Ҳ˹̲סֹǶȻ㲻ϵңҲֻһţԺЩڻѧҲضá
λı󣬻һλˡ
ܾã°ϵĶ룬ͷ˵ñʺϼϣѾǷ켫뻭ʦԶԺѧӣڻ֮ϣΨһȣϧ
˵˵ţ¶źı飬̾˿
ʵԺ˲ţ̾ʲô
ҡҡͷ˵˵ȷѧͻпһƾٸнʿֻϧѧãƷȴӣΪʸȨ󣬾Ȼ߱ĸ֮£ʵ˴治ݣѧѾԺˡ
׿ȷԺɼѧӣڶʦֻһЩСԺƽ¡
µģ߱ĸӳ̶ȣı
ȻıǷһһǵ߱ĸ֮ı
ԺעԴҲΪһʿð֮踣Ժ
λԣ׷״ŭ
ʲôд£
ô̵ѧԺô̳
ѧʱ򣬱ֻزѧҪǿǵƷУϷĻǵԷˣ
ǺǣܰܣԺ˲ˣϷ򵱳Ͳþټ㵱Ժ
λìͷָԼ˶ٸͷʹ֪Ͳһˡ
ʱһԵŵΪΧԺѧԺһôܵĹ˵Ƥѻǣ֪֪治֪ģЩ˱¹ڳȴ죬ֻҲ
ԶԶԣС˵öԡ
һ䡰Сѡλӷŭ
ѧޱߣΪʦоһѧѧѾЩľŵȼ˶ѧļ顣
Щӣǵһֺ֪ͼοԽתӣյĴ𰸾ȻпһиĶ
ŵΪǴѧ֮š
һ֮Уйʦ̶̼죬˽̸ǵĶ𺳡
ǶҪƺһСͽȻҳΪСѣƽױǸһǵ
üһ᣺ʲôСѣ
֪Լô˴ʣ̵СС
½ŭССҲеģǵӦýʦ棡
һԺ֮ѵŵٴνΧλͱΪԺˣֻǺͼλ˼ѧѣ򵱲֮ơ
仰λȴԵø档
ؾʦΣ߸ϣһӶǳϹϵһ¾͵ˣ˭ѻʵԼǰ棿
ҵ֮ڵ
һ˺޹޶ҪӣԸ⽫Լѧ򣬺ޱĴڸ㣬ˣѵֵ
𾴣޹䣬Ҳ޹صλ
û֪֮ҪɾͣضҪʦ̵
һλʦĶ飬ڸĸТĸ֮ˣ⵽˵ʦĶˣҲᱻ¶˱ġ
½˹Ȼҵ޶ۣԵĵӣһΪʦΪʦ֮ƣҪƴǡ
λ˼ޱӣŵҲ˵ʲôˡ
˵ʦʣѾ˺ܶ˼
磬ӡ
ûмλûڵλ棬ϵıҲ࣬Ķŵʩһ񣬳ܼʦ档
ŵ˰֣˵òãʲôʦ治ʦģҽˣҪУͺͼλһСɡ
ˣ˵ͷ˵ȻСô˵ˣôƺɡ
ŵ˦˦Щ˵Ҹһ⣬ȿ׵Ļҳ극ǽ
ŵ뿪󣬼˿ֽϵ⣬˼·
Ȼ֪ô⣬ǵȴͦ˵ģζţܽӴµѧ˼룬治֪ССͣôЩģ
ȻҲҲûô졣
˵ò̾Ϣһ棬ջ·
ڲܣǵиΪҪ
½Ŀӣʵղ˵λ߱ĸô£
̾Ϣһ˵Ǻ׿ţɼڣԺȥѧѣƸȡ룬û뵽ȻΪʸȨ˴治֮¡

̲
һ̲ԱվǰηеһӰ˵˰ɣǶˣҪ̵ֵһҶ桭
׿ľ֮ϣһԲ
̲Ա㲻˵ûõģԺѾˣָԺ㡣
׿̧ͷ˵δһҵģ̲ԩˣͲ³͢׷𣿡
̲ûʵԵ֤ݣţֻҪԸһжصء
̲Աҡҡͷһ㻹ûףԸ㣬뿪̲ˣҳϣԻ㷸ɱҲ̲̳ܽȥʵ̫ݶˣĸ֣ܺҪ㣬Ҳùǰ֮ڡ
׿ϣڳЩĻңǿװ򶨣ҧܷܷһڰˣǵŰɣ
ͬʱ
ĳΰ׳ĸۡ
ľĻ԰ڣŮӱһλ˵ֱۣ;Ⱦɣˡ
ĸߴȲŮӵİ˵ܷܷǵ㣬ʵǺ׿飬ûҲ뿴ǻİɣ
Ůӷſ֣˶ţô죬Ҷ޸ˣ
ЦЦοһ𣬳ôῡܣٰһһøߵġ
ŮӲپẫ׿ˣĵһҪửŶҪһ
˵ͷİɣԺôӣửһץһѣ֮ڣʮԼ
԰֮ڣŮѽ׿Ժ󣬱˵ĸ첲лл
̲Σ׿ǵٻӰ˫ϥη䣬ڳϣĵȴ

Ľⷨɴ˵ó⼸ۣͬϣǿûУ
ԹŵԭĽϿεĽңΪ˽һἸѧļҪ
ΪһҪûнĺϸ
λͷΨλһãȻ
ǣͶˣ
ʲôˣ
ŵ˵ԺﲻָΪϸһ¡
½ֱӰ˰֣˵ˣǳԵⶼСҪ˷ʱˡ
ƳһۣҡҡͷЩ˵Ժ˴æˣǰóѧʶˡ
ֱ˵㻹ǺúԺѧ´αˡ
ʦѵ룬ֻܵͷЦ
ֻǳں棬Ҫλ̵ģʲôˡ
ǿˣҲԼƽ޹һѵ
ԺǳĴԺ֮һΪһԺ֮Ҫ̫飬ﻹʱоѧʣ
ҪѧԺĸϻи־ƾӦꡣ
Ա磬ܲȥ
ȥպԺѧӸнʿҪıһĵĹְôȥ߶
ȨţҪΪԺһӣΨһҪ󣬾üеԺͶӣǲգ
յĻԺн˭ѧϰôгά˭ͣ͢ǵ΢Ĳ
ǵÿ
ȻЩܵżλ˵
Ժ֮ڣҪǱѧʣҲҪ˸ѧ顣
λԺԺŵ
ʻѵĹҪˮīĶ࣬οʱ䲻ãڻһٻڶʱᳵ·֮£ٶȾͿࡣ
ˣŵնյں׿Ļ񰵵ǰһӣһģһ
Ľ߽ϵĻ¶ĵЦݣȻɻʵŵ磬ô
ŵ͵һǸģȻҪˡ
Ľ̾˿˵ŵãô㻹ƯĻ˽޸㣬Ǻи
СѾͷһһ׵ģŵһʰϣһ˵һϲģһȥɣǱǷǵһø
Ľ¶˿ĵЦöԼŵ绹ǺԼõġ
˼˽֮⣬µһá
ĽصԼķ䣬ʵⷿ䲻ȫһ
Ǽķ䲻ãǵѡҪֻһһ롣
˰쳳죬ȴҪһ˯
߽ʱ򣬿ڴͷȽԼĻٽĻݸ˵ŵ㻭ģǰôôãԺҪòһ㣬֪𣿡
ӹ򿪿˿¶Цݣûиղôѹˡ
Ҳûкܿġ
Ϊʶһ顣
ĽһԵһһõһĽûеġ
Ľԭطͷ
ᡣ
ĽһĽ
ҲûС
λմһשͼ˽һԼĻ֪ܲ׷Ľ
ڶһ磬ɫ𴲣ϴ֮緹ûгԣٴܵǸ˵СԺ
λԼˣϸ𸲡
غԺ֮ߵԺС㣬𣿡
ˣ
һתͷλ㣬֪ʲôʱѾ
û̻ش𣬶ʵҸѧĻܱĽ𣿡
ĻŮӿϣ˵СͿʼѾϢǵ츳࣬Ҫ׷Ҫ˫ŬĻ֮󣬾Ϳ׷ˡ
Щʧ૵Ҫôð
Ů˫ֱأĿ˵Ҳûиİ취ֻκνݾҪۡ
ʵʲôۣ
ŮӿڵпⱲӶܼˣˣҲŮӺĸ׵Ŀۣ֡ܽ𣿡
˿Ϊʲôء
ʲôõģĸ׼޸˸ףÿ֪ϷĨһЩ׵ĺķۡ
أÿ춼æ飬ؼ˾֪̣Ҳ桭
ŮӵĿ֣ʲôŮӵĿ֣õǧֵͦģѵѧֹ򣬾ͲЩ
λصĴ㣬ʵŮӵĿʲôǧǲǣ
ĻŮƺҲ֪Ӧθһĺӽ⣬һ˼֮˵ˣ㻹̫СЩ飬͵û˵Ժҡ
ͷ˵ҿԽ㹦򣬵Ҫ֤ܽκˣĽ㣬ĵ
ʵΪʲô
ŮӵûΪʲôʵĻҾͲˡ
ס͡
òһλôĽ㣬Ըɲ
ŮӼôɣԴ˵ֻҪԹŬУһ죬ᳬģãһѡ
仰ֱ˵ϲλˡ
̧ͷҪλĵĽ㳤ʲôӣȴĻסߣֻʵԺӦô㰡ʦ𣿡
Ů˵Խҽ㣬ԸĻ
룬˵Ժͽʦɣ
θŵڷ
쵽ڣһֱڸǻ쳣ɬˮʱڶ
廹̫ˣ޷Ҳǿ壬ǵóʱôҲô顣
ӶǷֵӣ;۵Ҳûʲô
˼Ҷξ֮ǻѣֲʲôú۵ġ
ãμ˽Ƿ䣬ŵЩʹ뵽ҹԼ࣬ӿֳһǸ⣬ǰ˵Ұɡ
ŵʱһϮѾߣͬʱ֮ϣҲһĸо
ఴŵֻʹĲλһϢģʹҲࡣ
μʵоЩû
ŵ˵ͷ˵öˡ
Ŀӣͬʱƿ
μ˼Ϊ澭Ѫ֮밲ղţȴһķΧʼӡ
ߣŵԵĸоθ⼸죬˼ľ룬бࡣ
־룬ڿռ䡣
÷ûпգҸæ
һӰ߽˷ڵİ褿ǰǣֵˣ΢΢һ֮˳ȥ˵˼ˣ
μ˳֣վ˵ȥϴˡ
˵꣬㾶ֱ߳˷䡣
뿪߽֮ŵ˴Ĵָ˵÷򰡣СҾû˶˭ô÷б¡
ûŵҲǵһμ
褴ţܶ࿴һᣬŵûʲôûʲô飿
ǴһȡƻЦ˵Ȼũǿ߾ģҲ˾ũ²ǰɹѵһƷζֻܲҪҵû÷㳢
ũҳƷĹߣһ֣һϷ˵ңԼϴʹ͵ҡ
ũľϵǿߣÿϤľƷǿ壬˽ⶾĹЧ
һֻ֣Ʒ֣δũѰƷ࣬ûǿ˵ĹЧ
ǺߣѰҲԲ
ǰ߲׸㵽ŵǾԵģżɽ˵ʲô飬˵ɡ
褲˼ЦЦӻͳһֽ˵дʫ÷ɫɫ
ŵӹֽ㣬һۣ˵ʫʫҪ͸˭
褲˼͸һλ
Ȼ⻨ԣѾ֮ڣ뽫¶£Ҳֻ׼ĳɼҡ
С㣬䣬ģҲ˵ƽϲʫʣдһס
ΪԺѧδҪμӿƾ٣ʫʸ踳鷨滭Ǳɣöһ㣬褲Ҫ⣬һüͷʫʷ棬Ĳ
ڼﻹһʫģ͸Ϸ˵ʫʱõ˺ܶ˵ĳޣдʫıôԼǿ
ŵɨһۣ褵ʫ̸϶ãֻ˵ŵΪ͸λ¥Ůӵģļַһ£һɬӣһ䣺λ
褵ҵС㡣
ŵʶҵС㣬ܱôƺģ϶¥Ůӣŵı˸ղŵ뷨
褽ʮ꣬μ˻һ꣬ѾˣĻš
ŵѾֹһεϷ˶߻ˡ
Ҳ˵£һǲӦ¥̸һ
ʫ͸¥Ůӣŵûʲô
Ĵҹ㣬֮⣬ٶеʫе㲻ˡ
ƽʲôöԼķϣŵúðɫɫ
Ƭ̺褿еֽ㣬ֿ˿ŵ
ˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ûһԼԭȵġ
ò˵á
дʫһЩģдһӣҲдľӡ
÷ĺá
Сϲʫʣʫ͸˻ֵ
ʫжĿŵ˵лл÷򣡡
ŵ˰֣С㣬Ϊμҿ֦ɢҶҵźϲơ
뿪ıӰŵипȻμҵˣȴΪμҲġ
ҪС棬ҪĴӵ£۸ҪΪͷƽ£ûôá
нŲ⴫ŵתʱ΢΢һ㶡
һɫĴɫ˿˯£ֻڴƯĻơ
ΪոϴԵʣںīͷЩʪɢڼϣӳһ޳񾱡
£սˡ
Ȼ䳤˯£Ȼĺʵ֮ǰɶǴ˯ġ
⻹ŵһμô⡣
˯Ȼɣȴֻһģŵ֣ӻЩĵģȻ࡭
μע⵽ߣװ£ʵҲƽʱ˲٣˵ǰһôҲЩӦɴ˯Ĳ
ŵʶ̫ˣæƿߣ˵褸ղƻ˵˾ũµƷҪҪ
ƻϴˣݸμһԼҪԵʱеƻȴˡ
μɵĽƻֳ֮һҧһСڣȻһߵݸŵ˵ôҪɱ㣬ʲô͵ĶҪСһЩ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ϾĶûпôࡣ
ܼ˵֮ǰαڷ¶ʳʢ֮ǰᾭϸļԳԡ
ȷû⣬Ż
θĴ壬Ȼûôϸ񣬵ʳҲСġ
ŵڣһҽƵĶⶾʱӦͻ
ŵû뵽ΪԶ
˵󲿷ܶŵĶκβߡ
ִǰûеġ
ŵ͵͵һۣ˵ûӺԽԽˡ

ļգŵθûôš
Ǽλÿ춼ŵСʱ߸õʱ䣬ռִѧۡ
ʱҲλѧԺѧĽ֮ǰѧĽңڳǵĽҡ
ÿĴţŵҲϣҲţ͵Ϊĵѧչˡ
һССĽ񣬲ɾ⣬С¡
죬ߵʱʳУĽ򿪿˿˵ŵ磬±
θϲĵ˽շΧ
ŵѮģĵһա
ڣڴĵĽǷǳҪģλڴڡ
ǰ͢ͿʼԱż٣ںٹղռ١
ŵоƿˣָϹٸż٣⼸ԵЩ¡
λ͵±ζ飬ܼҴ߽˵үٷҪؼ𣿡
ŵ룬˵ذɡ
ʱ䵹ҲˣѽڣһԲӣһҪԲģһˣμƺҲô£Ŀμˣμ΢΢ͷ
ŵע⵽Щ죬ϵı仯ܴ
˸ոʶʱֱˡ
ԴŵΪǼλͷ֮ͱࡣ
ֻôᣬƽĸŮֻϵαװ
Ȼһ棬ҲıĻġ
Ľץŵ֣˵ŵ磬ϳ극ȥƻòã˵ϵĵƻˡ
ŵû˵ʲôܼұæ˵ү򲻿ɣ̫࣬㻹Ǻٷڼ°ɡ
ŵܹܼҡ
Ųһ˳ţﰵıԱ֪ж٣ƽʱãʢգͷ϶Ϊкܴѹ
ǲΪܼˡ
ҲǶԼС𣬱Ͼ˰˼˵£д̿ͻ棬иһ˶Ҳ
ʲôƻᣬҲͦõġ
׼ҵʱ·껵СԺԺ棬վһλŮˡ
λŮϰμҴרŽġ
ʮҵͣΪÿθһʱ
ǰȻҪĸױҪӽģ˵ͬˣԼȴԸ⡣
֮£ֻøһλϰ
Ŀ࣬һܳԵġ
ŵڣ˶Ϊֻȶȣָܼһͻ
ǰҲγԹÿζֲһͷˡ
κе㲻һѾֵĵ졣
ŵĿ࿴
ܿΪϲλ츳ѵС
ԼСʱҲչ¶˲츳ʮ޵۷壬ﾳһ֮ң
һ֮ңʮ궼ûпȥ
ٹˮɵͻƣҲҲû̫壬ⱲӶܴߵľ硣
Ϩ׷˼ڳӪһŮݣרŽ̵˼ҵС㣬ǵɡ
ЩС㣬һ㶼Ҳѧһ
ǵļ󶼳£̵μҵСһʱĳ;ʮÿһ
μλС㣬츳ѣÿ춼Եʵ
Կÿյ֮⣬Ҳ㹻Ŀ๦
ܿɣ⺢ӵǲԼ̳ġ
ǽٶȣԶͬĹС㣬ƽ
Ŀγ̣³ͣ߳θʱɵ룬ѵڿεˮƽˣԺٽʱҪǲٸߵ㣿
ˣȲЩˣȥ¸һʱܻؼҳԲˡ
νûһȥǧӣһܵθ˵Ժ䣬Ժ֮Сʦ㣬ʦڲڣ
һӰ߳ݸһ֧Ǻ«˵ҽһѧԭطͷˡ
ҧһǺ«̧ͷ˵ʦ㣬á
ʵҲϲ˽㣬ΪĽǺͼ˽ãԼ˽ô׽
ŵʵҲͦõģǰôҲϲĽá
ֻʦһ˺ãĽôߡ
Ƭ̺СԺ֮ڣһ춯
żθ˴·洫Ҳֻ΢΢㣬Ȼµ뿪
ԺӣС㻮µܽأʱ򣬲κ˽ȥ
СҪĽСڶˣС̵θˣ޸Ҳӡ
СԺ֮ڣɵԭطһͷС¶֮ɫ
ŮӴɴɢĿԺӵһϣʵΪʲôôѧͷ
ܳʵ˵ѧ˷ͷŵװĽˡ
˵ŵǴ˻ϻӣ˵ŵˣʲôⶼѲửĿɺÿˡ
Ůӵμ˵ɷɵ𣿡
̵꣬ŲɵأʦСǧܱȻԺͲˡ
ԼĴ£ûڲѡ
ܿ죬ֱ
ʦƺڷĶӣ̽ͷƺҪĻµĳࡣ
ɼ߳ɹĴĻɴȴֱɴµһ°ɫ赲
ŮӷĶĻѹѹ
͵֣վתƻڣʦ㣬㲻ؼļ𣿡
ŮԶĬã˵ûмҡ
ôûмأ
ʱʦÿȻҶûС
ǣʦ֣˵ǵȵϣ͵͵±ԣһ


84 μ˺ĳ
һͣſڣŵμ˴ӳ
үٷˣ
һ·֮ϣ˶ĺǴк
ŵһֱãһҸ顣
ӲؼңҲڼ֡
ҵ˲źˣҲÿɫ£ӱүĻ
ѽڣҲ򵥵һЩ
һӰվԺŵμһ߹ȥڵ
ת΢΢ͷˡ
š
׼һ£ȥԷɡ
ղӼĶԻɼ̡
źϤŵѲʼĬ
ʱڴϣ죬λף޻˵
һԭż棬ŵϾһˣʼնһֵĸҡ
Ҫԭ̫ǿ󣬶ҲЦˣҲ׽
Էʱûһ˿ڣȫʳ޲׼
ҵĳӳٸ߳ٷŵҲԵûûζ
ĳһ̣¿ӣ˵ҳԺˣԣż
˵գȥ
߳䣬ŵ˿
μ˽ŵı飬Ҳ滺Щ
˶һۣһظĸо
Ųæĳ˷ŵȥһ˸׵鷿˼飬ȻصԼķ䡣
õĶǷҵ鼮ﴫǣϸһЩǰĳɳ֮·һЩеľ飬Լͻƿĵá
Ҳ֪鷿ҵĵ伮ôô࣬ŵǲǰ˷ҡ
Ϊ䣬ƹܴɣǲЩʲôֻǩѺôǶ޵徳ˡ
Ͼ޵ľοǴ䡣
Ȼǰʲô
ıô˵徳뾳ѡ
ҺҲֻͬԽԽ࣬ҲֻԽԽǿ
д˴İӣ˽ģпʹΪͣͲǰڼ̵ʱ֮ڣʧȥȫΪΪͨˡ
ŵ鿴洫ը졣
̧ͷ⣬һԲ¸ҹգ̻ΧѤš
ʥʮ꣬ŵĵĵһôƽĹȥˡ
һҹŵ˯òãܾ˵ʲô
𴲳緹ʱֻˡ
ܼ˵һȥˡ
ʮǹڣҲٻϢ
緹ŵμĬĶһۡ
֮һͣθǰ
ŵϤθţ˶
Ȼθҡ
һͣθſڣ޾ɵĴӽŵμˣִ̧˸к÷򣬼ˣ簡
ŵ⸱ӣֳ֪ȥˡ
˵׷ĳСŵΪҪӻͷôû죬ִԭͣѵʫû
ŵ褵ʫС㿴𣿡
褰˰֣˵ˡ
ŵϲ
Ϊ褵ҸǿѡʫԼ᲻ãȥˡ
СԲϲ褵ˣǲϲʫֻ˵ʶ
ҡҡͷ˵ʫϲһײģֻøһġ
Ȼأ
˵Ҫ޸Ǹѣ檶Ը⡣

С㻹ʶġ
ʶ
ŵû취ˣֻһܴŻսϡ
źҡҡͷ˵ţһ죬ҵŮӡ
褻˻֣˵˰ɣҾͦõģ֪жƯõȥȣ´Ҵʶ
ŵμ˵Ŀһۣ褴˸£ס졣
һҹû˯һȥ˯˰÷ټټɿ˵һ䣬Ѹٵ֮󼪡
μĿǰʵСǡ
ŵ͵ϴ˵Ҫ׷һҰɫһ׸ʫ
μ˺ܺ棬ʲôʫȻһλС㣬ûʫߵ£ԸίΪ檡
˿ŵʵʫɲҿ
ŵֶϲȫܶʲôʫ
Ϊʲôٴν͵ʫǰдģλС治ʶ˵Ǿ仰϶Ҳ棬֪ģڳʶ
ŵδ䣬ߺȻյ
תͷ˭ô󵨣Ȼڳͷ
ڴУһص޹ڳͷ𲽣̡
һƥ۶θǰͣ£һλİ˵Ůʿץŵļ򣬴Ҵ˵ҵˣûʱͣȸߡ
ûŵļ㱻ڰס
һ٣ŵһλòԶİŮӣʵλǡ
Ҽӡ
ŵһ䣬ʵ𣿡
Ŀμƿŵ˵ҹķݷһ׮漰λ߾ߣ㲻ǿƾҴȥ鰸һܲʲô뾳ˣȥȥ
˵䣬ԹԵ뿪ˡ
ŵû뵽ֺ£¾Ȼ뵽ԼһʱܼҼݳ
ߵһʶղߵüǺӸˡ
Ͼ漰߾ߣһɳˣ뾳
ңĿǰΪֹ֪и߾ߣżļӳɡ
θǰ
ʧڽֵͷμջߣת߽θʱʶͷ˿Լؿڡ

ķǳ͢һ𣬸ӴͰʹ
Ϊʹ¹
ͣķſڣŵѾˡ
еʿңķſڡ
ŵĵʹ䱸ҪɭϵĶࡣ
ҲǣסģǱʹߣһڴľڳʲô飬Ǿ⽻ףúӰϵ

ſһλģ˵һŵ߽ķݴš
ܼҪȥʱԷסķȫݽϣ˵ȣڣ
ܼң˵⣬Ҳô̫˽ȥŰɡ
ܼҿǽһۣ˱ȭ˵Ҽүİȫ빫·ġ
˵ͷ˵İɣҴģȻһͷ
߽ķݣŵŷ֣ﲻɭϣȻҲʿŸͨһƬɱ
ŵʵﵽ׷ʲôˣ
ϣһλʹĴϣ̲ʹµ˻ûв鵽ʲôҴ
ŵ֪ԹԼ⣬ñ˺ȵԸкôźԼ
޷ҵģ˭֪˭
ԭԼ㲻û취
ǱȴĻǿһЩĳʹڴģɴС
ϵǢץ֣ҲԲ׷һʹˡ
ϵţ£ԴΪɣʹս
ķڣһԺ䣬ÿһԺ䣬һҵʹݡ
ȻǴģûеõʹ˵ǴĹٷҲⴳ롣
ܿ죬˾һǰ
ŵ߽ִ֮վŲˡ
ķݵ´ƽҲΪ֮أ֮󣬳͢ͽ永֮˶ټ
ŵһ۾ͿȺһλŵӣΰӢʳڣĴУҲעĿһ
Ǵĸס
ΧŲˣŵû߹ȥк
ղһС·ϣΪҪĽһ°顣
һ磬һλʹþû߳䣬ʹķ鿴ʱ˴ϣǱ
λʹǵ۷ߣϢǱķ䣬˲ֵΪҲǵľпǵľ۷塣
ľߣ治ķݣʹס֮أǶԼĻ
ЩСʹУҲеľǿߡ
ǳԹȳʦĻ
ķУľϵߣʮλ
Ҫʮλľҵ֣һ׵顣
ҲһϢ
͢ĸ֣λʹڲдһ˿΢ֵƫӶƲеԵĹ
ôûɢֵΪضڵľϣҲӡ֤֮ǰĲ²⡣
ߴ׷Ե͵ԹҪϡٵĶࡣ
ҹÿֵļ֮һķΧƽɭǵľҲϢǱķݣɱ˺ٴȥ
һֵݣͱķڡ
ķڣľϵߣ޵ԹΧʵѾĺС
ˣķݣλ
λ˵ݶ⣬ǷֱؼԹؼκʹš
ңɲީСǺĳһĳ
ؼؼؼؼκķݵһƬ½ǿңȫ˽͢Դ˰ΪӣѾ̲ʹ
֮ڣץ֡
Ϊ˵⣬ûȷֵ֮ǰ̲ʹҲܶʲôֵ飬Ҳֻʱǵж
ŵҪҪȥֳ
ŵҡҡͷ
ûʲôÿģⷽ棬̲ʹµ˱רҵĶ࣬ǶûʲôȥҲǰȥ
Ҵȥɷ
ߵһλ̲ԱߣָָԶŵǹԱ˵ЩʲôǹԱŵķһۣҡҡͷ
üͷ𣬼ۼ䣬Ƭ̺˻ЩεĶŵ˵ǿߣ̲ʹµһϣڻûнĿǰܱ꣬ǵһٿɡ
ʱ䣬ָŵڴ˰ϸڡ
ķⲿɭϣʹڲİǸԼ
ʹ漰أҪæ˼Ҳ
ٹͬ죬͢ķھٰ磬Ҫʹ
ʹڲӦҲС͵ᣬ˶˾ƣڷиű̿ץס˻ᡣ
ΪϵĳУЩӣʹţĳ͢һЩĺ⵱ȻԸ⿴ġ
Ϊ飬ĳֽȻϲּ
ӶϽɡ
޵ľǲ֪ܲԵ֤ݡ
Ͼ߱ľֻ飬һɵҲ
Ǵ㣬Ȼǲ
Ĳ鰸ĹԱǱڻˣ׵ҪĽҲǺǵġ
û㹻֤ݣǸңҲܶ
ڵĴĹԱۿɼż
ҲżΪĹȻϵģڷ̲ʹ¶ʱû취˰󣬵һʱȥŵˡ
һΣ˶׿ƭ˹ȥΨһۿ⡣
ݳԣо׼ҳ֣д
ʵǣڲ鰸ϣе츳ġ
ŵڴȴʱһӰ߹ŵˣվֱӣ˵
ȿ˵
ҲЩ˵˺á
ŵͰһƺ⣬תתȻˣɲȥɷ
ܿ죬ŵͼʶʲôȨ
㲻飬ֻһ仰̲£ķݵˣһ·ΪǷС

˵˲ҲңҺԩ޳ɱʲôҺˣһ˯ͱץͬҼʮ飬ǷҪ飬ǹةҽ
ķݣĳԺ䡣
ŵո̤Ժӣһ䴫ŭȵ
ŵߵſڣȻֻǰ
ϣһõĳޡ
ž
һӷڷɳĲ豭ڿкȻƬĽ
û豭ǻֱԴϡ
ŵʮĽ֮ޣҵڶ߲ڵʵʩչµľ߰һҲܡ
ԼʲôʱҲⱾ£
֮ڣһɢͷӣһ̲꣬ʹµĹԱ¶Ρ
ſٴδŲȻתͷŭûûˣûû˵ǰɣҸǡ
еóޣϵŭʧƽ͵˵ǻʲôʵģʰɣһϵģϾε鲻С⡭


85 Ӣ
λԹǿߣû̲Ա˵ôꡣ
ŵļѯʣĵĻشˡ
ŵں棬չʾһеļûоܾ
ֻղ豭ֻһ˲Ĺ򣬱й̵Ĳˮɱ
˵еķΪľķ֮һͨľгмԡ
һģ޵Ĺͬ޳Ҳв졣
еգеᡣ
ûоԵ֣֮Ҳ̡
ǰȻۻԵ󾢲㣬ܳʱĳԵС
㣬޸ӲӲȴΪ־ãԵĹѡ
ŵ⼸䣬ʵֻӡ
λԹǿʱûκα仯
ȥλˣ糣
ˣвڳɣҲû֤
ҹ˶Լķ˯֤֡
ŵ̫ȷǶ֣˵ʵ̫ǿ̽ⲻ
Ͼ֮ǰ̽Ķͨˣδ漰߾ߡ
ɷʵʲôûУ
ŵҡҡͷʱûС
˰ǣ㣬۶ϡ
ȻЩʧ̲ʹôöû鵽ʲôͿ˼ۣ˼ѣûʲô
ĿʲôûԼˡ
߻´
ӵĴ˿̸֡
һλĿӳԴĳλķݹԱ˵ӣǴĲ鲻飡
ķݹԱЦʹ߷ģһ֣ʹһ
һ˵ʲôòģֿ϶һΪʲộǴĵĿȫһ飬ҲǲУ
ķݹةֻܿЦǳʹˣʹҲˡ
ֻһ˶޹ߣ̣ǵʹܴӦ
£ֻܽϣ̲ʹµˡ
ǴĵвУ
԰꣬԰ꡭ
ǳʲô˼˲𰡣
ҶԹʹԣ
ǵǵ飬ѾǸˣٸǰʱʱ֮ڣ鲻ʲô̸ҷˣ

ŵڴй䣬ŸԱ
ȻǴģԹκʹȴȫӡ
ЩСȣĵȷȻ
ڼУȴǽΪСǸ
ڴڹŹţ߹ĳȺۼ֮ʱŲȻһ١
ŵһֱڹעŷ䣬ڸղţ·ĳȺʱƺ֮ϣʲô
ŵ֮ϣһ񻺻֡
һֱŵߣȻͣ½Ųʵôˣ
ŵĿⲻĻܣٴӣߵʱȻķڣԵģȷֻ𣿡
ƶĵ˵ͷ˵ϣķ֮ڣΪڵϵߣڲԣֻԡ
ŵ룬ʵûһֿܣֵͳ֮תһһ
ҡҡͷʮֶ϶˵ܣԣ޹ģʲôҪôҪô
ȷ
ȷ
ŵ˼Ƭ̣ٴʵôûпܣһ˵ڣͬʱһһҶﵽ˵ľ
΢΢һ㶣
ŵʵҲܣ
˵пܡ
ʼңСȺ飬һЩƫŵ伮пƵļء
һŹֻһԣͬʱŹпͬʱġ
ֻԹҪ̡
ͬĹھ·߲ͬ
ĸǶڵģǻнظֻһŹȻͻ
ϣͬԵڽ㣬٣
ҵ·ȫûظĹֹռһľ˴˻ͻԵ档
ôû尡
޵ԽԽãŹ޵ľҲλľ֮УһŹ޵徳һλľɲ·硣
޶Źһֺõ顣
ô
ⴿ˷ʱ䡣
Ź
ŵ˵һ䣬ʵûпܲ˿
üͷ˵ﾳѾϢˣֻҪ̽飬Ͳᱻ֣ǲڻôζǲ鲻ġ
У޵ǾֻйеĸƷ
ھдȻ޷֡
ŵ⣬ٴʵҲ˵ɢȥ˸֪˼ֹ
˵ͷ˵
ɵĿŵʵǲֿʲôˣ
ŵĳȺۼλãʵﶼЩʲôˣ
߸ȥ˵ǳʹš
ոտڣʶʲôŵ⣬ѰһƧѹʵ㻳ɱʹģǳʹŵˣ
ŵǻɣȷ
һʼɣǲǶԷΪ̫ߣ˷̽ķΧ
ֱԾ֪ǲ˷ָͲ֮䡣
ŵĿ΢
ûлɹʹŵˣڲڴĵ̬Ȳͳһ
͢ºţĳΪڰӦüǿӮ
ҲвټߣΪδһսһֱΪս׼
αɱģǳɹԱ
ǳʹŵˣôȷеơ
ʹڲͻʹⲿķ׵Ľλʹķ䡣
Ҿ飬Ҳһʱ仳
ڣʹУλľǿߣ޹ƫգǡ
Ŀٴŵղʵ⣬૵˵ʹŵǼλ֣˰Ź˶Ŀ
ŵ˵ͷȻ֪Էôģȷֵȷǳʹŵɡ
ʵмְգ
ŵ룬˵߰˷ְɡ
Ŀйâ߰˷ֵĻˡ
ƺʲô뷨ŵˣ飬Ҫ˵Ҹߵµġ
ɻΪʲô
ŵûк͡
ɲǼ򵥵ӣ˰ǣˮж˭֪
еԴѾˣɲٱǿϡ
ɱλʹʲôҪĿġ
Է֪ƻǵļƻһŭ֮ɳǿߣֻܼܺһȪ·ˡ
ܼһʮˣɻû
һ£͸߰Ӹոջ죬Ӷû̸֪Ůױʲôܣô棬࿴
ǴܳĹľķҴУĻҪĻ϶õ
ֻһδ뾳ĲҲ۸۸ЩС竣Ļˮܲ˾Ͳˡ

θ
ɫȫĽֳ°ͣѾ˯
Դ֪ĵ϶ٴκ̧ͷμ˵˽㣬ŵ첻𣿡
μҡҡͷ˵֪Ȼȥ˯ɡ
ĽϷţ¡
ŵ뿪֮󣬱һֱûлλˣʱʵڵȲסҲź뿪
һδ飬ɣ졣
ֻЩİȫ
ɱô֪ܼܱ࣬ܲλ̲ĲͷƺҲӦòʲô顣
ʱѾˣμϨڴϣѵһһ˯ȴܾƺʲô
ʱķݡ
һõԺ䡣
ĳ֮ڣԣѾϴϱӵŵʵҪ˯
ʹɱİӻûƣķֻĻ̻̣ʱȻ˯ţ
ŵ˸Ƿ˵ˣ˯ʲô
ԴͺٰҹˣϢʮֵĹɣÿ쵽
ķݵĴԶμҵҵģպϴպҲ˯ûӣ˯úûȫС
Ŵǵ˯Ӱ¶ı顣
ŵʱ̹עĶЩûס
ƻвС
˰ǣ̫͢ӡ
̲ʹ£Ѿٶǿûлؼҡ
ҹķݣ֪˳ҹߡ
ƫͷһۣԶĴϣѾƳȵĺ
ҹ
ķУʹڣɵƻͨ
ʹ˴ɱһûв
ԹؼԼκʹŵǿҿ֮£ɷѾͷˣֻʱ뿪ķݡ
̲ʹ²鵽Ψһڲдһ˿ƾ㣬Ҫλľ߶ǲܵ顣
ǿɲͨĵľߣÿ˵ı󣬶һǿĹҡ
˰ףν
һ׮ͳɹ˵ǿ
磬֮俴ƽȣʵӿһССĻǣܽ泹׵ȼ
ʹݡ
һλ˶˱˱ȭǸ˵ҹҪ̰˯ĳЩҲᡭȥ֮һ͢ġ
ԣ׷װο
Ҳȫ㣬˭֪˴󵨣ҹʹס
ǰķݴδ˶ӵװֳܹ»һˡ
Ҫ֣Ǵĳ͢ķҪĵطȻЩѲߣŸͽɳ֮
ô˵֮ȻǺĹǱУΪľĳϵô룬Ƕͽļƣ
ܴ֮

֮󣬳һʹŸԻطЪϢ
ʱҹһ¸ʹݷ֮ڵĵƻϨֻԺŵĵɢ͵Ĺâ
ʱ仺ţһķݣڰ
ʹݣĳ֮ڣһڴϣƳƽȡ
һ̣ڰУյ˫ĿȻ
һ⣬϶£ֱĺ
Ӵ֮£ӿסǰذס
˯ʱ͵ϮֻüķӦ
ߣһȫںеӰ˫һѺذףþȫҪذײ֮˵ĺ
ʵ·һ͵ϮһִӦԡذȻסڻ´ȥ
ڴϵӣھԵƣѹڴϣֻȫֹذ䣬Ҫֳһ壬вͻᱻ̴
ȵĻᶼûУλϵľƣһйһӭľ
λľ֣ʱ̣һֹĽ֡
͵ϮĺˣҪӵеȫע˫ۺذ֮ϣϵӲҲֻתȫֵ
һ˵ڷɿġ
˵ǶתĲٶȣԶġ
˵𽥼ϵҲߡ
һһأǰռƣذ׵֣Ѿʼ΢΢һ˿Ѫָл
ĺƺѾܵذ׵⡣
һ̣ѹ˲ʲôҪģᱩ¶ܣɱ֮󣬻лκֲ
һˣһ̣ڣӿһ
Ѿߣ⧲֮£һȥͬʱϣҲһĸо
ͷȥֻذ׵ϣѾһ˪
ѾӴӰЩţƺԤ֮У૵Ȼ㡣
ߵӣĿһâҪ֮⣬Ȼһ⡣
˴򿪷ţеӰӿǺ˳ĺڲ˻ν֣˵˵û˵ȷ⣬£
Щĵľ֪վδκηľٶ
ˣƽʵô֪ģ
ΪԼصĺܺãϳ֮⣬û֪Ź
ʱҲû˻ɹ
˲δڡ

Ҳ֪
ǹ˵ģλǿߣ˫һ̽һ¡
̽ˡ
ǳʹݣԼĻҪɱʲôˣȻģǱ붼ʡˣ֮û˻ɳʹŵˣΪûԹġ
ǳʹŻøλɱʹİȫ˫ȴκˣͼɻءⰸӻò
̫Ӣˣ
ڷ֮ڣֳ°ͣһϮ
ڴ˯ŵаһǲǫãԼǹͲ֪ĴøԼ˯
²ŵ֮ʱȻһҵĽŲ
˲˯ȫޣܵſڣ򿪷š
һλ̲ĹԱЦݣСǰȭ˵Ӣ
һ㶣Ӣʲôǲȥ̽𣬽ô
̲ԱЦ˵²µûʹŵȻʵǵѣοĻѡ
Ҫ˵λ֣
ֻ¶ͰԵ֣ɱ˵ʱõһ֣ǲ
ټǳʹ˭û»ȥ
õӢ
һΣҪǹ£˰Բơ
˿̲Ŵлع
Ȼ
ôˣŵֻ㿴˿ʹе֣ڱ̲ʹ´ŵ¡
Ȼ˵ֻ߰˷ֵİգǸʱӦѾȷˡ
˿֪λµĹԱû˵ѡ
յԼ£Ʋ˵İӣ
λ̲ԱһݵĿʵصļεֵ֪أ
ŵĶ֪ĹǣԵֱ
Ƭ̺߽䣬Ϸš
ŵűӣ˯㣬Ȼ쳣
۾һ·ĴŮˣվڴǰֱĶ
ŵ˯ԺѾͿһĻɿĶ㵽ǣӣӿд̿͡


86 ָ
ڸ˯ѵʱǲ̫ѵġ
ŵ˯֮ͰһǱʶΪθһ۾Ϳһ·ŮˣվĴǰĿֱĶ
ȻһЩ̫õĻ䣬˴̿͡
ܿ죬ѹµķ±ӣʵץ𣿡
˵Ȼ֪ס
ŵЩʵ˵Ҵ۾һ飬Ųţ
ǰš
ˡ
һʵǰòܳϣϣŵġ
飬
ŵѾˣ۷䣬ǿߵĻ棬ż
ӣṩĹؼϢֻҪֱУĹͣһ١
ڴ˱֮ǰ϶˯ˡ
⻹ץĵһλ߾ߣ֪ΪӶܲܽɹ뾳
ӴЬȥ֡
һۣҪﱣ͹ȥˡ
ȻӦͷһὫá
뿪䣬ܿ´ǰ
ʱȻѾǺҹ⿴ֵȴ١
ŵվڵ⣬һӣֽŶסڴ롣
ʹΧǵߣһλʹָΪ̫ߣ嶼΢΢ŭ»û뵽Ȼ㣬Ȼ㰡͢㲻˸ĺѣΪ飡
߰жһŹûʲôؼʱ̣ܹ䲻ƵС
ڳʹ֮󣬿£ɾͺܴˡ
ңʼգûнһ䡣
Ʊ缸䣬Ҳ᳢š
ûС
ճµģҿˣ
ѹѹ֪𣿡
ɱˣûʲôôǲ㣬˵˭ָʹôɵģ

ֽŶųʹĳɫʮƽ
һλʹߵһǰ˵ˣǳ飬ɷдã
˵ͷ˻֣뿪˵
Ƭ̺󣬳ʹҲصԼʹݡ
ɱʹ֣Ǵ˻ȥ
ķУĵĹԱǣһŵڷ
Σץˣǳˣôֲͷϡ
վڵŵ˱ߣȴЩûס
֪ǻôôˣò׵ķɣûеõƲã˾Ͱˡ
˼ŵصղŵķ䡣
ȻѾûʲôˣѾ賿ҹģҲزȥֻķסһ
عͷŸʵ£ʲô𣿡
ԹԵߵǰԼ˱裬һڣȻŵллˡ
ŵӣ»Ϊ
˰һ׮ӣǴƣпӰ쵽İ
ŵ˵лңԺҪҵİӾˡ
ûش𣬶˵츳ڳ˷ˣҪҪ̲һ죿
Уһˮȣ̧ˮȣûˮȡ
ӵ޵ģֻһ޷еĹͶġ
̲ȻӸˣ޷Ҳֵ࣬ķ١
ңڳã˵ʲôʲô
ֻ̲ܸСܣȥţ
ɷؼ䣬þ£
ŵǬľܾ顣

ʹݡ
ҹʹţȴû˯
ڵϣһλʹߵǰ˵»֪ҲǷ£㷸˴ɣԸʵĻʹٻȥ飬һ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣʧܣֻ·һǳ͢ңҲҡ
ʧܣʹƺץסĳЩҪأʵ㲻ѾɹɱѵǵĿģˣǡ
ӳĬƬ̣ʹٴοڣˣܴʱ򣬴һ£ǵĿĲˣߵһѡ
ʹʵǡ˭
һۣ˵Ҳٶ˵ˣ˿վϵģǵˣһҲ뺦ǡ
˵仰Դͻ¡
һӰ첽ǰ̽̽ıϢתͷ˵ˣ»Զˡ
ʹӡ
ʿ
ľʿ
ܱƵõľǿԶҲ͸¶ֺеġǡ±ģҪǿ
ڣ㿴ңҿ㣬
û֪ʹ֮У˭ǡǡˣЩƽѾԻͬţҲͳ»һʱǾ
һʱ䣬˷֮Ĵ𣬿˭ˡ
ͬʱһԺķ֮ڡ
Ѿ뿪ˣŵո£ִӴϵ
䰲ǰС
ʮġ
ŵĶ֡
Ƭ֮ǰֻһʮģŵ߸Ĺ򣬾ֱһ졣
ԭΪľߣΪʮ
û뵽֣Ԥϵ
ͨ˵ʮ
ô˵һλ徳ʦ²еģҲΪ
ǵ벻롣
ŵһʱҪ鿴ƾûС
ûоκα仯
ɣһ죬û뷨֮ţ
֨ѽ
ŵĴ˴ƿһӰ
ŵȻһһĲŷ¡
Ӳߣһ㰲ȫжûС
߹˵ѾԾˡ
ŵ⣬ץס֣ǩѺҲõȵ졣
ʱӣֻһܣǷˡ
뵽һ£˵ие⣬̵ܲ£
ϣ˵ʰɡ
ŵǰҾ͸оԼƿΪʲôƵذû뾳
ʵжˣ
ŵһ°ɡ
ɴ۾٣
ŵһ°ôˣ
а£뾳ƿ
𣿡
ľȣ²ŵ뾳ƿʵǲ
ҡҡͷ˵û⡣
ʵƽʱôеģ
ŵҲûôУһ󰸣ץһץˡ
ϸ˵ץˡ

ŵĽ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵ѹ֣İ취ЩȨԱǼ˵鷳
ȻΪò˵ŵһֱȴ顣
޹ְ̲Уʵڷϡ
ǹеĻֶֻҪĲ̫֣͢Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
ŵʱʱȨ͹ٻӵܵ鷳ȨͰٹٵߡӣһѩһɵʡ
ʱѹȻû취̲С
ŵô˷ԣֻΪһĸס
йԱԸΪЩС£
һ޷ҵĲףŵοе鼱еٶô죬۲㣬ƿȻͻƣҲ̫ģֻҪһֱȥЩȨԱ鷳ΣӦþܳɹ뾳ˣ뾳֮ǰ̲ʲôʵİӣҲøġ
ǧ֣ʮ㻹һ


87 Ϊһ
峿ŵŨŨĺȦƿ˷š
ΪǼӣڵҹ䣬ʶģһʱ
һ˯һˡ
ؼ֮ٺúò
߽˵ˣȥ
ŵˣĹܼӦҡ
Ҳûм֣˵Ǻðɣķݡ´аӵĻһȥμ㡣
Ӵŵðʵͦõģϵ⣬ʱش𣬻ԸְӸ
ŵ˸սԺʱϤλǰ
ʱŵҵ񻹲̫죬ָŵ겻ɣֵ
ڸеʱһλǰһҸ顣
ŵķſڣܼҵѾˡ
ŵ˻֣˵ʲôѣ̲ҡ
ŵ˱ȭ˵л¡
ܼʵүҹҲķݣүү𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ˡ
ܼȻѾ˵ҹķݵ飬пŮӢܣ̲ʹƲ˵İӣȻһ۾Ϳˡ
ŵ⡣
ģںӦõõĶõˣʵʱ򣬻Ǳ̫עĿĺá
صθŵƣ߽䣬ױμ˴˸кӣ簡
˵꣬ߵߣ·ûѣֱͦͦĵȥ
μ촽˶ûʳʲôϾʹƽȵĺ
Ƭ̺ߵߣ̧֣ŵЬԶѵһűӻչϡ
ŵһѾ硣
ӵĴ˯ҪǣһϤζ˯ʮְȣԺҹޡ
ߵԺμ˿˵ˣȥóһš
ʣϡ
ŵߵʯǰӷĽϰԵİν˼ƯĽ
ϰȻԼġ
ŵ򷨵һҳһҳϣһλɫӣλɱʹĳ
Ļǲɫġ
ϴι˼ǻҲߣû˵λĴ̿ͣĳֱϿɵ츳
ͬʱŹ޵ľ츳϶һĵľҪߡ
ŵֽ輸£ԺԶĸֳྫĽУޣ£Щˡ
õֻǶԷĽɣܻΪ
ҲǣܻñһӵļɣѾܲ˼飬ܼ̳УҲ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪ⲻܣŵЩź
еľΪֻһ죬һӣ´ΣգҲڽϣϡ
ŵոͷͷַϣӵĻ񣬿ʼ˷
ŻʣҲڷɿļ١
ʮ
ʮ

ֻ˲Ĺʹʮģʮһм½ơ
ʶĳŵƤ̵ͣͣͣ
ϵ֣ͣʮ
ֻһ˲䣬ͱ۵ʮ
Ƶ飬ŵֻڶһŮ̿鷨ܵʱֹ
Ǵֻһ죬һΣŵʱֹ֪ͣᱻ۶١
ʮ
ڣȴƺʲô
ָоŵϤӽڵʱ򣬾ָо
ŵջӳһ
ݣ
һε
һ̣Զǽϣͳһơ
ŵĿǽǵۡ
ѵ˵ֻҪԸ⸶˵ΪҲܶһ
졣
ֻۣδ̫˵㡣
նһѾտҲ
ʮˬôһ¡
ղһնҲʵҪ嵽ﾳԪǵñեǬɡ
µֻ˸죬ݳ޵˲ܸɳ顣
ҲŵףƵģֻҪ뷨Ƿʵֵ飬ԥִС
˵㣬ò˵ô
´ʲôΣգܼҺӲߣԼӦԡ
ȻӦԵĴе
ŵôοԼʱμ˶һ˽
ֻ˵ķṩĸ㣬ŵȲЩ飬רĳԷ
μվԣߵλŮ˭־ûʵʸûʳڡ
𽣣ԺϰС
ŵһ߳Էһ轣ˡ
ǰֻǿ֣صڿˣ첻ͬص㿴ǽ
Ȼһȴܿеľ֮Ȼմλ̿͵Ĺ⡣
һ;󲿷ֵߣ׷ĶǾԵΪ
ҲһСˣע似
徳ʦһɵļߡ
ڲڳҵ似ڻ֮ͨ߳Լһ·
ɣԴѧʦ
Ҫɾʦֻ츳ǲеģҪмߵԡ
ߣʮ֮Уһ̤ﾳ
ﾳܳΪʦģҲδһ
ŵɵı˼Ķ֣ӦôƽĽС
յóĽǣƲˡ
˵λǿߣ似ҲӵĶ֡
ܼ˵츳ߣŵǰ᲻ֱ죬Ŷ츳˽ΪԵ֪
ûжԱȾû˺
λͬʱŹ޵߾ȻҲеţǰƺ
ŵķû꣬λ͹ˡ
˵ûеȵ
üλһ͵˼Ұ׵ʱŵЩⲻȥǶིһЩݡ
κĽһ
˼壬ĽȻʵŵ磬λ˭
ŵʵλ㣿
Ľϵʱλ㡣
ŵô֪λĽģ
Ľڼ￴һкˣ㶼ûҡ
ŵ켱Ų鰸ûע⵽Ľкһ£ֵλĽ㣬Ǹѡ
Ӧˡ
Ľʵʲôѣôʶģǰôûмλ㣿
СĶ࣬ŵҲĵĺˣĽ֮󣬻Ȼԭ
壬ĽȥˣŵҲ顣
Ľһ·СܵһԺӣԺеһӰ˽㣬Ұˣֻͨѡ


88 ƾ֮
ҹ
ķ˯ĺܲȣϤĴϣ˯ӣϵζŵޱİ
ո£û˯ţŵһ£ʵӣ˼ֹ
Ѿϰ˯ǰ˵仰
Ʋ۵Сϰߣȴ֮ܲϤ
μ˱۾˫ֵڱ棬һ֡
˶٣ʵΪʲôȻ
ŵķݷһ׮Ҫһλʹɱˡ־ǰжһŹˡ
μ˵ϧˣܽԲͬĹеľ˵츳ãרһţѾʦľ硣
ĬƬ̺ʵλǹ
ŵ͵Ȼȷǹʵûʲôӣ˻ͦõģҲ޷ҵģ޵ľˡӣľߺ͵ľķң˭һ㣿
μ룬˵û֪
ŵԲӺһôĻ棬μ˺Ȼ˵ˣλС㣬˵̽ʫʡ

һֻԧ죬ø㡣
ŵæòãﶮʲôʫʰ
μ˵˵ʫдĺܺá
ŵ˸Ƿ褶ʲôʫʣ˯˯ˡ
ա
ϴ֮ŵûȳ緹Ժӽһ
廹̫ˣǲҲöһ£ʡ
׹Ķӣһ飬Ҫһҡ
ŵһ֮󣬲оƣû
þͿˣŵϴ˸裬·ȥöϰ
ƿڣĵİҲǰ󣬵ȵԺΪͻˣڼеÿӣתΪΪ
ǰĺôСϸڣҵ伮ϸд
һõİֻ˲١
ŵæµһϣнһİûд
θԸټ
صθŵոմͿˡ
һǼݲ֮һλǾ֮ῡ
˶Ϊ褴ܶŹڳñŵӡ
ٴοˣŵ΢΢һ㶡
ˣ׵ģ·һȳһգȥΪǱ
ıϣһˣῡţŵһ񱳵Ĳ˭
褵ˣű˻Ҫأһ׵ϸߣϺߺġ
Ƭ̺μҡ
褵Ժӣŵޱȵ褣ʵ˭ɵģ
褵ͷС÷ε飬ˡ
ŵʵ£
£ŵȷò֡
ڶԷҲԲԹۡ
Ⱥþˡ
ῡһ߸ϲҩһ˵治£ȲأҪԧȥƣ褲ֱ˼䣬ͱһ١
褵һۣῡ˵ˣ
ŵ˵÷ˣԣǲһ㲻ˣҲô
ܰ˴Էݣ϶Ҳһ㣬ŵû˰ƾⲻ˯˾ͷ
Ŀ褣ʵԷʲôͷ
һΣ褵ʮּᶨ˵÷һҵģô˰ɡ
Ҳһ˵ǰ֣ĳӣȨ󣬾ǽץţҲκβ
ŵҪľִȨ˵ˣֻҪһֱȥЩȨ鷳ƾǷַӵ顣
֮ǰҲøȥ
һ֧֧ӣŵֱӿ˵ô£ϸ˵˵
ʹĸʹɫ
¶ԥһʱ֪ò˵
ŵɫһ˵
һ£Ҳ褵̵ġ
ܿŵʹ˽⵽ľ
Ϊλԧ
ŵǰλԧŵ֪¥ȴԺã黭֮ͨͨһλŮӡ
褶ϲλԧΪԺԼܣŵһ򾡡
褻켣¥ǻ֣λԧһֱһִĹϵ˵˵˼ҵֶû
⵱ȻΪ褴顣
һȾƣŵԴĵ¥ôһ˽⡣
¥ֻǸͳƣ¥¥֮䣬֮
ͼ¥ǴƤ⡣¥һ㿪ƫƧСªһӣ伸ŴϴĵطûУһ㶼ֱ⣬սپ޷ԡ
ٺһ¥ڻ͹ɫһҪҲҪһֱС¥ﲻ̫Ͳ̫󣬵Ȼ۸ҲҪһ㣬ǰһֵ֮ࡣ
ٺһģҪߡɫ⣬Ҫ߱һĲգ絯֮࣬Ȼ裬ǻ·ȻƤ⣬۸Ͼ͸ˡ
˵ķ¥һ
¥ʵѾƤķ롣
Ĺһ㶼ǾϸѡģɫڣСͽŴǧһĽ黭ͨ
Щ֮⣬һЩسܸǻǺ顣
¥ǲṩ˯ģѾ֮ܳΪ¥
ղȥֻӣ赸ߺ͹졣
Ը⻨ѴʱͽǮҲδزܴ򶯹ķģǳȥһЩֵ顭
Ҫһ㣬ѾͲǰ¥ܱȵˣǧҽȥˮὦһ䣬ֻм˲ѵ
ĸӵܣӹ¥ļƷŮΪ֮£ԴԼȨӵܵȦҲ⡭
ò˵ǰװĺܳɹЩ˻ᣬ֦ͷˣɹţֻңҲܱ֤һӵٻˡ
ԧһλղˡ
褺ƽﻨʮϰӣҲ˼ҵһӣһ赸ѡ
磬褴ῡԧﵯʱһλ֮ͺȻ룬ҪӣҪԧȾơ
Ʋ˵ҵΧԧﲻӣ㱻һơ
ΪǵŮӱƽֻ˵һ仰ͰһٶῡΪͦһ𱻴򡭡
ŵű׵ˣʵһ˴
Ц徳ߣҲĶ֡
褣ῡ˴ղģͨˡ
徳ȻֻһҲ֮ţԸͨˣһʮûġ
˵ʵǵȷǵܺߡ
˵ʵŵҲһˣǵһμôŵļһ
ͬȨ֮ң褺ǣҲֻǴܶŹѣûǿŮ顣
˵˵ŵϲš
»ôŵȨӵܣǷҵͷ
ǲʲôȨӵܣƶľ
ŵʵִǵˣ𣿡
ߵʱ˵Ǹԧһʱ俼ǣʱӦ󡭡
˵ôŵ緹ûгԣθͷͳˡ
̲ʷ̨޷ҵ˿ɲ٣òײһ;ģĶÿ㣬ܱ˸ˡ
÷򣬵ȵȣ˵
һȳһյ׷ϣΪж㣬ֻĿš
ô汻ᣬֺγ뱨
ǴһȺǴȨ󣬺ͻһѪμܼһܱ֮ȵġ
ӣδ̳λˡ
һǲ׵ģο󣬻м¡
˵ǳãĸף䣬ҲܲЩĹ壬÷ϴ鷳ġ
һۣ˵˭ģ
һίֲŵĴ˸磬ˣҲ˵
֪ڲǼƽЩʱǿ壬˵죬ȥһҪ÷򣡡
ŵߵθſڣŷгܼң˵ȥ󣡡
ܼŷӦе㲻ԼĶ䣬תͷʵүȥ
󡣡
ŵظһ飬ʵ֪𣿡
֪֪ܼҿ˿θ棬ʵүȥٷ֪𣿡
ŵ˰֣ߴٵ߰ɣô⣬һˣ
ܼǲȥһˣξȥ
ǵҪץ⣬ξõĲܲҹܣһЩš
ŵһ߿ͷһܼҵ֪𣿡
ܼҵ˵ͷ˵֪ƷһȺ
ŵʵһȺҵô
ڴĵְƶȣŵһ˽⡣
øӣʱֶ䣬ܶʱƶһ£ʵһ¡
ͬһְÿһÿһÿһλʵۣͬһλʵִĲͬʱڣȨͬ
ȨʱǰʮŲȥԼһʱڣȴǾԵǰ塣
ܼ㶣˵үûʲôɱȽϵģһѫһĹ٣ܲүүҲܲ
Ӧֵүʲô
ŵղ褱ĳӴˣڿܻȥ
ܼһӱ޵Ķһͣү飬ÿ²ҹܣӣ֮ǰЩٻӵܲһүһٸ褳û£Ҫͨɷеѡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵʲôһģ
ܼҽ͵үǴ䣬ЩԱүܣүץǵãǲ˵Щʲôѫ󣬴ºͳùܲѫǾ㴥ɷҲ´õġ
ŵ룬ʵùܲܹܵĶӰɣ
ܼҵĶʱûоλܹܣЩѫ䲻ȨȴȨڳõӰ󣬳Ǽ˰һһС£ҹǵ顭
ŵǬ˵ǲҹܣҸң͸ңǲǵɣ
ܼԣ¶һЦݣ˵Ī˵һССˣļүҲǵүɱСүټĳǣǸ߹ٻȨ󣬾ûүǲģֻҪүǬĲɱӣ˯飬үţٲã滹д¡
ŵƳܼһۣûɱӸʲô˼Һԩ޳ġ
˯˵ĺˣԼӶûԳɹ͸ǲܵˡ
ܼҶ˶ӿٶȣǰʻȥ
ʱУոš
ͷڣĹӣȻһ¥֮ڣһҡߡȣһеƷ
ǰϣڷһֻ¯¯вһ֧ȼ㣬ѾҪȼ
ڶòŮӣһ֮ԶԶĿϽ¶뵣ǡ
ôô죬ʱ쵽ˣ
ԧ첻Ҫ߰ɣ
ȻҪôأûղ˵Ҫԧ첻ߣ󡭡
֪˻ô
ʱ¥һż֮ڡ
Ůӳ˼ã֮̾˵ҪһǸ߰ɣҪȻǲưոݵġ
֮󣬴һöôڳ㣬ΪеĹװ׵ģǸˣȻס֮ĹزǹأҲ顭
ŮӵǵﲻĻ
˵Ը٣ٰɣ޷ʧǮƶѣΪ˴ǻҲˣⳡ粨󣬽յʧҲʮٱ׬
վߵ֮ǰŮ˵㣬ֺγǵĳɹѾ״ȥˣԺļƻҲܸ˳ʩС
Ůӵͷ˵ⶼιӺܹӵĹͣգˡ
ŮὫַļϣ˵ɣ飬ȥ
һ¥á
ӿ˿¯пҪȼ֧㣬еߡԶŮǣʵʱˣ˭ȥǵôˣ
ա
գա
нĽŲӺ󷽴ŴӶ¥һӰŮ·Ĺǣ׷Χ˹ȥ
˽㣡
Ϊ˵Ůӣߵӵǰӯʩһ˵СŮӡ
ӿиֳһ˿֮ɫ
ǰλŮӣȻǰһĸо
λԧɫȻҲû洫ŵôţλ˾ޡ
ѾԴŮ˼ҪŮӣʵ֪ԧ￼ǵˣͷģһǧӣֻһҹЩĻҲû۸񣬹г˰ɣ
ŮǸ˵ϲԧ죬ԧĸĹǣղ빫ӲҪΪѣСŮԧлˡ
ӳ˳ǣ˵˵ʲôղ޷ǮٶѣһǧУǧǧǧ˰ɣ
ŮҡͷӣĲӵ⡣
ӿϵЦ˵ʵ㣬󣬲ΪԼйԧҪһܱλ˳ңʮӶ޲ĸҪŮӣԼˡ
ŮĿ𽥱档
ĵճӣѾǳ󲿷ָ˼ұʸϵĹˡ
еĹˣ϶󵽲˼顣
ӿŻҲ˼֮⣬ɷŻ˼֣˵ӦһӣҴӦλˣὫԧ͵Ĵϣʵǲʳԣڳ첻ף㣬Ҳҡ
ӻóһƱϣĳ˵˹һȰɫˣվǳ֮ƣǧӣھͿԸ֮ǧӣҸʵ˼ˣ뱲Ӵ󸻴ʳǣԺʲôѣң۸ͱ֡
Ůûпڡ
¶Σ˵ҲλǰҸӣҲӣΣ
Ůҧҧ촽˵ӣԧ첻Ը⣬ʵ岻㡭
ž
ϺƵı˲תΪŭһƺݺݵĳϣѾˣԼҪģˣȥԧץ·ҵҪǲǲ㣡
ŵո߽󣬾ͿŹˣŵҪڰ˼ҹ·
ⲻˣå
ιˣϵϷҸŮﲢζӣһȣˡλƾ


89 Զζ
Ů߽󣬻ǰϼЦݣ˵ӣЪҵɡ
ŵŮӴǵѪ˿ȡݸʾԵָָԼǣ˵ûùġ
Ůʶʲôӹ˲ǣմȾѪ˿߬ģ΢΢˵ллӣ£ʵǲܽӴǿЩ뿪ɡ
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵ҾΪġ
ŮɻͲУŵӣʵɣ
ûģͷǺˣ
ŵ˵ֻһ·ƽĺˣ㵱ŹˣϷŮӣﻹûɷ
Ӷˣ̲סЦʵ˵ɷ
ҵԣҲЦ
ֻһλûЦ
Ŀ⣬ʼնλһλϡ
ȻԷûб¶κΪߵֱԷǼ֮λĹӣҲ·ƽĺô򵥡
ǰ鷳֪ôȻֵͷ࣬ͷۣ޹ŮߵŵǰЩ˵ӣǿ߰ɣ´СŮ
һãһã
ʱһҵĽŲȻӺ󷽳֣ʮӰ룬ξһȣߵŵԣӡ
ȻֵĹٲ˹ùϵĳ֮ɫһͣĺɡ
ˣ·ƽĺ˰
ר鷳ġ
ȻϲȦǲˣʶǶ˱˱ȭ˵䣬Ҹʸǣ
ʶˣԱţȨȦӵĬǡ
˼ţ֪Էʲôݣ˭ĵ𣬱ˮ
Ҫǣ֪˶Էĵϸ󣬾֪Լǲǵˡ
ǶԷ֪֣Լȴһ֪Щûס
ŵҲ˱ȭصֻһ·ƽĺˣҳݣŹˣڵϷŮӣɷΪȥһ˰ɡ
ξ˵߰ɡ
ξŵ޳ˡ
Ͳ
ǿһȺıӵץĶӣ
һǴĶӣһһȺĶӣ󶥼ȨӵܣΪһССξʲô
ƹ٣Ҳգ
ʱ䱳һǰС˵˼䡣
ԣƤ
ȻǴĶӣѹΪͷ
ȻǴѫ󣬵û˸СǱҪ仹治Ķӡ
Ȩ֣Ҳ㡰󡱣ȴռšȨ
ǰ֮ˣǴĶӵܣԭ䲻òʶλ֮ӣǰǸɵӣôţҲ޴ʶ
һ˵¼ǰǰ
Ϊ˴ɱǴ̿͵ȱУڳϱٹٵ³ʱп̫˳˼䡭
¶Цݣٴαȭ˵ԭ˵Ĺӣʧʧ
ʱˣҲϵСŽץŵĸ첲˵÷˰ɡ
俴˿ˣֿ˿ŵƺʲô¶û֮ɫԼĴȣЦ˵ԲԲǶԲҲֵ̨֪Ĺϵɣ¥磬úõĸλǸǿΣ
˱ôңֻǸĻﵱȻ
εݣȻѾͷˣǾŲţԵòʶô
Ҫ˵ʲôŵֻǿһۣͱͣʵվȥˡ
ŵΨΨŵŵξԼ˵ļ죬Ϊǡ
죬һֱվ
ǶµĻոճΪõĲ졣
첻ÿƾ٣еģ¼ãŵ˵Լ˳֡
ŵ˿ǣٴοڣߡ
ϵЦݣɫĿŵʵԩ޳Ҫ𣿡
ŵ˵һˣȻһ޸֮Ůӳ֣컯գҪǿŮӵ·ӴɷΪ룬κһ֮ʿԹ۵ġ
һ˵꣬һŮӣĿ
ŮҲ࿴ŵһۣվû˵
俴ŵ˵û㣬λԧǼµҪģ㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ůԣиֳһ˿ɫ
ôû뵽ԧģȻһλ

ͬŵϣתͷܼңܼҸһЦݡ
ˡ
ǵ
ŵٴ䣬˵ǵӣôǿŮ飬˵Ǽָʹģ
ҡ
촽˶仰Ȼ˵
Ǭӣһȣ˵ҴģŮҲҪģ
ŵӣǵһμôŵˡ
Ŀһ䣬˵ˣֵڵϷŮӣӰӣﲢһ٣ͽְ꣬ɣ
֡˿ڲ裬˵ȻƫأҲɷķΧ֮ڣǴĶӣɱõ˼£
һתЦ˵ҵǵһȺǺӣµİӣԶ̣һ٣ͽ꣬
ž
һƱϣ˵ˣĶ͵Ǹλ̨ľǮ
š
̫ˡ
褺ˣԶǺҲֻ
һ̣ǲᵽһôĵ顣
Լʱ򣬵ûʲô
Ǳܺߣụܱ̋ȫͬˡ
ſɶǺ޲óȭ
Ҳֻ롣
ҲǴɷ˭ֹȨ̣ǿ
ɣȨҲõȵ֮Ľš
ŵһŵӣȭ
ЩӣŸ׵Ȩƣаν˭ӡ
컹һγԱ
ؼǣϤɷ֪һ˵һû
ģˣ
俴ŵӣбˡ
ĶӣֻΪﲻ
ΣʹȨ㳯ҰҲܲ
ô
ŵ޲Զһһ٣Ȼʶһ顣

԰
ǵƷԱƽʲôȨʲôȨ
̣Ҳá
飡
˵ɾ͸ɣȻΪûˣǳľǿߵ黹ûʧЧŵһȭʮѸ٣Ӧ
ʶʲôŭҪʱȴԼ϶ˡ
ļӸҪ֣㱻һεѹſڵϲܶҪжɫȻһ䡣
λߣ֪ʱ˶ԡ
˵ϣܵǿѹ
֣ԷȻҲ֡
ڱ䣬̾˿ֻվԭأһ
ŵܼҺεĬ徳ߣҲȳ֣Ȼһ˸ʹ졣
֪ǲǴܾÿȳһƣڵƿһ˿ԽԽ˷ܣԽԽ˳֡
褺ῡһĻкݺݳһڶ
褸ǸжޱȣŵȻ÷򣬵ȴ׵ףޱƶǸףҲ
ҲжҪŮӣ̲סͶͱˡ
ŮǿһĻȭգݶĽĿǵӰ
˵ȡλʮֿ㣬Ҳһ
Ůվŵ󣬿ƣУƺҲ˳һЩ
ٴοʱһ˫ǵĿ֮УűĹʡ


90 

֪˶ãŵһƨϣ˿
壬˶˵Ѿˡ
ѾĿ屾ĿҲ˹ȥ
徳ߣڳˣҲ޵ġ
ǰҲۣ޷ǿһ㡣
ǵȵϢŵͨˣڲʹ£вˡ
һȭȥ۵ֻԼ
йһ֮ŵʮ泩
ѹЩ竵Ӷôš
Ϊˬ
ֱڣᵽӵܵĿ֡
СЪһŵվܼҵûУ
ܼҡͷżǴˡ
ŵֿǣһﵹУͶʮӵƱŵòϡ
ŮӣʵûУȽתһ£պ㡣
ŮӴȡһɫĺɰݸŵŵԼĪֽɰ
ûô˷ѣȻȱǮЩǮǴģǴģûҪʡҲҪʡ
ϣ˵ҵǵ䣬ΨһĶӣµİӣԶ̣ͽˣʮûɡ
û˵ʲôĬĬı뿪
ǼҲˡ
ŵſܼңʵ˵Ǽҵ鷳ɣ
ܼЦЦ˵үõģ鷳ǼүǿŮӣɲʲô飬үһߡӵȥͱˣЩǣٺүҲվүһߡ
û˵үǺ£Ӱб˳Ҳֱͦˡ
ǿŮүүҲ޷㵯˭ô
лһλүͲ࣬Ÿոճ꣬ԶڳþӪʮ
ү鷳ΪĿ͵ְɡ
Ƭ̺
󣬶¥һŸ
ŮԣһΪҩһ۵ʵ𣿡
褺ٺһЦۡ
ԧΪҩһٴ򰤵ֵˡ
˵Ķ棬ῡԷҩĿʱʱһ۶褺ԧͷ̾Ϣ
һ£ԧǶˡ
Ҳû취
˭ûôһ÷
Щźи㣬ϧѾˡ
ῡҲ̾˿иδãμȣĲһ㣬ǲó׳ˡ
һ䡣
ŵϣ豭һڡ
λԧղżˣǽУ˼Ѱ
ŵΪжƯۼΪʧ
ÿλԧȻҲŮӾͲԶˣһģҲʩ
ʵһƥ䣬Ӫռһϡ
λ˹ǰһĸо
ֵӼ֣ıй֮޲Ľ˵ŵ㡣
ƣ˵ĸоȫͬŮ´ֵģãܸо˼
λ˹һһŵĸо׹˵ĳֳ嶯
ŵŮӲȤ
治װ
˹ƯƯҲܶһܴ
ֻ徳ߣӺһָ
䵱ڴһ⣬һ֮ûС
ʹ˹ֵһٷ֣һٷ֡ȴܴ
ֱӼٷ֡
Ůӻһ·ӷ߽ŵӯӯʩһ񣬸млӸղųȡ
һȹһɫȹװΪ˼ޡ
޳֮£ǴƬ¶ѩס
⻬ϸ壬ûа覴á
ϴһڰ𪼡ӳ£һʱǵߡ
߱ȥ֮󣬵ȻҲ޷֮£һĹ֡
ŵƿߣһˣ˵л飬˭˶ȥԺǵ鷳ȥθǳҡ
ûܳɹĸ̣ûмӵƿҲûͻơ
ǵòκλرġ
Ů¶һ˿ϲɫٴεӴ£СŮΪ
ŵĿһƲȻ뱨Ҳǿԡ
ŮӲ
ṫ֣Ůϸֳһ˿ңҲ͵һ
ѵλֱĹӣҲһɫ֮ͽ治û·̽ģǸճѣ뻢ڡ
ŵŮļùһƿ˵⼸֧޼ĺƯӦûϲɲ͸ҡ
Ůӱһ٣ĵ˵ͷ˵ԣȻԡ
ع֮ŵٴοڵСŮӱ޳ΨЩɣСŮΪӸһл֮
ŵҡҡͷ˵پͲˣûʲôԵģҸղųļ緹ֻӣɲ԰ŪԵģ
æһϣθҲûϷղСС˶һ£ʵǶĶס
Ů㶣ͷңȥ׼Եȡ
һŮӾͶһ
ֻͨ棬ֻɰƮ˼ˣһЩл׺
Ȼ򵥣ζ˱ǣŵͶŵζӲĽ˼¡
Щ˼˵ֻЩˣСŮ棬Գ
ܼҴ߽ȡһ룬Уȡ۲벢δɫŶŵ˵үԳˡ
Ⲣͨ룬ҽҵԶ룬ҽɣԳ涾ҲֻôһǴ͵ġ
ŵͶˣȲĶ룬һں󣬶Ůӵ벻˹ĳôá
ŵԳԵûʲôζȻȲҵĳӣȴһҳķζ
ԶļУĸ棬ζ
ķϣټʮ֡
ŵôһ䣬ŮЩ˼˵ˣʵСŮֻ桭
ŵһ꣬˸ǬʱЩɣѵĳĺܺã
Ա㣬Ҳȥˣ컹мû
ŵվ˵ˣл档
ŮæӲٶһ𣿡
ŵͷҲûأ˵ˣ绹£ˣǷӣ´δ褵ۡ
ŵţԶȥŮϸֳһ˿ЦݣǸ˼ˡ
ֱ߻¥һܰķ䣬ɫų׵ḧһҧ˵ҡû˴ңҪǲʬΣͲзˣ
꣡
ϵһƱΪ촷ָۣ컺¡


91 
òһλŵ竣ȴû뾳ŵУһССʧġ
صãʣµļӣؼҿӺĽźЩ
˳Ĳ廨ݸμˣ˵ӣ㡣
μֽӹƿֻûƿеļֻܣĿһ˵Ư
ŵطѡ˱飬óʱ򣬷ʯϣЩա
ƿеļ仨һóһȥ
ŵ߹ȥʵôˣ
μָŻƿ˵ղĽóһ֧ôţûиղôƯˡ
ŵ¶֮ɫ
ƿõãִôһ·Сģ¿˻ǻ֦ŲλãȻͨһƿ
ȷе˵ǲ廨
Ǽ֧ܣɲҲġ
廨ҪһĹ˼ѡģѡ֦ĸߵͣǶȣ廨н
õĲ廨ʹĿһۣܻþϵá
ֻһƿӼ֦Ҫ廨úãҪ˽⻨ܣҪһҪͨѧϰĻ滭
廨һż򵥣ʵ黭һѵļա
ֶϲȫָѶȵˡ
յӣŵֻðο䲻ȥˣ´ٸһƿǡ
еŮӣһŶգоڲ廨ĸ֡
ٲһƿǮԡ
׵̤Ժӣһȳһյ߹Ц÷ˡ
μ˿һۣ褾˴ܣϴǳе飬ֻΣȷʵǰǱЩ
֮ƿõһԡ
͸ղһģһļֻôͷŲԭȵأ
ŵ棬˱ȭлл÷ˡ
ŵ˰֣˵˶ٴˣһˣ˵ʲôлл˵ֻҪ㲻£û۸㡣
褻Щǣ˵ûʲôµģΪ£Ǻǵģ÷鷳
ŵȻ˽⼪˽ܼҡ
ʲôգˡ
褵ļ˵İɣҲǺǵġ

һ̻Ի͵Ĺڣҵϣɴ輧ڴŤˡ
üˣ֮ϡ
ϵ輧Ȼ欣ȴѾˡ
ؼ欵Ůˣ˯Ҳ壬ʮʱ׵ĵ
˵λˣ黭ͨͨ
黭Ů˯٣ͨģû
ò˵Ů辶һ˿Ȥ
ҪУУǲͨ
λЩˣݣܡ
ʵۣ볢ʳȱƣ˯ˡ
Ȼʵֻۣĸˡ
򴲵ʱЩǣѾʼڳϻԼĵˣʮ꣬ԼôǶ
Ҳˣûйλ˼
̧ۿ˿·輧˰֣˵ˣȥЩȥɣ
輧ͣ赸󣬴Ҵ˳ȥ
ʱ߽ڣ˵£
֣˵Ȥֱ壬
ʱһӰ߽
̧ȥ˲ɵһѿڵǺˣ
·׳ͷһӰſǻ£䰡
ϡ𾪵ôˣ
ͷ׵ϴ󣬱˵׵ϲ
ߵǸͨŮӸ´ȴ˺һţûõµ鲻˵һ١
վü˭ô󵨣
˵Ķӡ
˻ȥ
һƷȻ
Ҳ
ڻκβ˱˴ˣһǣȻλҲһ㵳Լӵء
¡
ԼŭһǨŭˡ
Ϊ˹ƧڳѶûУԼǨŭ֪Ǩŭ˭
ǰγĶӷ˷ҪѰıӻûʲôǸӶ˾˫˫˴µ
Ҫɱˣס
䣬ʵôǵģ
ͷʵĽľһ顣
󣬰˰֣˵ˣһ¥ŮӣҪ˻𣬱֪ˣֵýⷢӣ
Ƭ̺䴹ͷɥĴӼ߳
¼ɵԸΪͷٴǰװˡ
ʲ¡
ֱ˼ѹףĶӣֲ̲ߴµĹԱʲôְûУʲôʸ
صʱһλ˶࿴ۣбһŽԷߵڵأŭʲô
˴ӵ뿪ıӰеȭͷսܿɿ
ֳֳǶԷֻһ꣬Ҳĵճӣδ̳и׾λΨһѡĶȭߣֻš
صУֱһ԰ڻ԰ͻĸ˿⸱ӣŭ˭ӵģ
Ƭ֮һλҲҴҸĲ״ޱŭдĶôģ飬ưոݵģ
¡
á
÷֮ڣ輫Ϊ򵥣һšң÷Уߵܣ˸鼮
·һųбīֽ⣬Լһڷľڡ
ŵӣڳ֮󣬻һݾڡ
һλµС߽ﱧŵһѾڷϣֵһλãʹǿ룬Ȼˣ̲ո͹ľڡ
Ŀû뿪ϵľڣ΢΢ͷ˵Űɡ
С뿪÷ʱ̲סͷһۣвɸ̾
澡ְ͵µÿһݾڣҪˣʱһգڴŰ칫ʵ
ʱһӰ߽÷ˡ
̧ͷһۣеľڡ
˿˵үպ䷢˳ͻҪһλ¥ŮӸŮӲӣҪӲģүֹˡ
ľϸֳһ˿Ц⣬˵֮·߽ݾˡ
δ飬ʵһ飬ôˣ
ɫЩȻ˵˵ĻɹȻе²ˣλɱʹĵľΪǳʹŵĻ漮ȴǴģʮǰıɱŷ֮ӡ
ﳼ֮ӣ˳Ļɱʹ
˿Щҵ˵óʹŲ֪飬ȻĻǿֵôһ
ķݳʹ̰ʹһֱͱˣֱԼˣǲϢġ
һ֪ǻԭǴˣ϶ֻʲôıۡ
˿Щɵʵڳ踺ʮ꣬γɱʹѵƻϵԱɱ֮𣿡
˼Ƭ̣ʵһı棬ȫλӵģԭ𣿡
˵ͷˣ˾Դһصļأñʱһλس
һۣʵλسڻڳðɡ
˺˶ڡ
Ĺְܸߣ
ǳߡ
ȱٻߣ
ȴ˻ߡ
ͼĳϵˣĳ͢λ˳Ĵڣżϵ
˾֪ﲻΪ֪ܣ飬ɸܴ𺳡
ʵˣ⡭
˼Ƭ̣˵Ƿصļأ˰ɣ˰Ҳٲ飬ķһҴ˳սɵıٻ͢Ϊ빦
ԣ΢΢˳ǡ
һۣʵЦʲô
˻صشˣǹӵ⣬¶Թʵûӡ
ƾ仰پ֮˰֣˵ȥԼһʱԺ˰˭𣬶ǰûеڶ𰸡
˿ǡ


92 һֽگ
ա
ŵ𴲵ʱ򣬿ԣڰŪƿ
ŵĸգɱȶѶˣûмĹףǲ岻Чġ
·ʱȥһƿ͸
ŵߵǰϵĽ
μƫͷһּۣԸǼ֦
ŵеĳӶѽܱƽʱЯ
һɫŮ彣ƫխߣ·λãС֣Ի˪
ŵγʣֻ˼£ѾƯĽ
֮ϣǳ̿͵ĻҲѾˡ
һ鿨ҲѾˡ
ϾֻҪһܵõ˿꣬ʮļɣҪĸ࣬ԵЩ̰Ĳ㡣
μ˿ŵĶ֪ʲô
๫Ļˡ
ٰŪǼ廨˵ѧ콣ҽ㰡
ŵʵֻ֤һʧЧûУȻô˵ˣ΢΢ͷ
ƽһЩ˵Ĺϵ
ο콣Ķĺ˧
μ˴ŵӹ˼ʾȻ󽫽µݸŵ
ŵѧΪûףôá
μŵŽŵְֵ֣Ľ
򲻸ˣƬ֮Ķͱ׼ࡣ
оˣŵ˵ȥãѧ
μ˵ͷá
ѧУܺá
ܼһβͲݣԺϵŵֱ߳θţҪʱŶŵĴָЦ˵үһ֣ү궼ûүݱ£үʤ
콣ô򵥵Ķ㿴¾ѧˡ
˼ʮ꣬ôῴүǹⴴٷദĻᡣ
Ҳֻٷ˿
ŵãʵӱҲ룬ΪǼ򵥵Ķѧᡣ
ֻǲ˷ѱְָĻᡣ
˴һʼ˵仰ڣѾ̶ֳȵĽӴϰΪм䣬ֻһ¡
ٶȣ¸˵Ϳиһķչˡ
ȾգŵȻȲλ״Ԫĸף׷ŮӣȻԼҲûʲô飬ӦñһͲĸҪǿ
ŵЩʵҵôʶģ
ܼ£Ц˵үͷ÷ڵʱʶˡ
÷ŵȷȲˣСʱǸɵӣҲûŮԸ棬ĽôСɲࡣ
ãŵոͷЩѰ
İĹٽΣ֮ͣ⡣
λٵĽӣŵʶκһ
߽ãԺةξʵصվ
ŹٷӣվǰһˣһŻֽƺʲô
ŵֻ˵ְأֹãְͣһ£ٺ꣬ةξûмʱ֮Ҳʧְ֮ʵٺ£ʾͽ䣬ٷشá
λõ٣ֻܹصվԺʵѵ
ŻֽܣλԱֺˣŵǰһɬĿεӣ²ˡ
ŵнӹŻֽ
һگ̧ͷǡ¡ĸ֣˵گǴʡֱӷġ
گ֮ϣָ˵ʧְ֮Ȼûŵ䶼˵ŵ
ֹáⲻǵ
ȻǵĶӣŵԼûйҲûоλ˵׾һͨգûʸ󰸵ġ
һ㣬ŵһֱ֪
͢ɷУԴҲȷĹ涨
һ֮˳󰸶ϰΪȻΥɣΣԲ˵Ϊ£йزŶԴһֻ۱һֻۡ
ȻҪԭһõ
һŮռ̲Ҳû˸Ҷһ
鲻ϳƣûжأһһְصӲġ
ˣҲܵӰ졣
ؼǳ͢£˭Ҳë
ɵҲܿŵģֻܵǣ
ŵǱ˱ȭ˵Ǹˣ͢ǵٺ»һ˫ǡ
ةϻ̳Ͽ̵֣ǧҪô˵ΪӰ£¹ٵң㱻͢𷣣¹ҲԸ⡣
ٳ֮ϣȹ̵Ĺϵһʲôһɹʲô¡
̰֮ĹϵҪ֮ȹ̵Ķࡣ
£ǵĹ͡
ΪܹǵԼĿ͡
µٺ»ѣܻӵͬ飬㲻ʲô
һֽگ״ŵļƻ
Ȼگû˵󰸣ǻô̵ƣƨɵµλҲͷˡ
仰˵ˡ
£Ҫ޷ңͨƾ٣ȡùù
ֻǸССξҲܹ޷κ̡
ʡ˭ӣŵ͸Ҹ׸״
¡
û취
Ŀ֮޷ң͢ĺţϷ
ֻһµİйȨӵܣҲûгʲô⣬ƫƫ졭
ŵԺУ˲両ֳһͷƵ
䡭
İӣŵû취ˡ
ո߳ãͿһϤ
ҡеߡȣЦ治ŵּ֣ˡ
һ죬ϵˣʧӰ٣ָֻӵӣӦʲô˵ı
һȺֶҲûʲôֵġ
ŵ˵Ȼ㡣
ߡȣЦ˵ôˣϲҾ͸㽲ɷ涨޹ְߣȨô޷ҵģѵķֻܱˣԼ
⻰˵ġ
ŵû취
åˣåĻ
ȻǸĻå̶̰죬ͽˣȻ֪޷
ˣô̵ʱ֮ڣʡһگɼڳеȷ
ŵһ䣬˵˼ƵʵôҪ
ܼǰһŵ˵үһλľбģòҪﶯ֡
ŵû׼֣Ҳûжֵɡ
䣬ôˣɵԼŵҪǶ֣»
θ·ϣŵһӱ
ЩΪ׵ݣ竣ǽά޷֮·ûʲô谭
䣬ȷʵ˺ܴ鷳
ԷĸƷѫԼĸƷĹ٣ͬ˭Ҳκβ˭
ݣŵơ
ŵĸҪûˣֱӱƽͷˣˣµ
ȻλήһȣȻǴϲѫ
˵ĳսŵСʤһ
յĽ棬ȫʤ
ϱѹƣ͢׷ţа˵ƾ뾳ˣ⡭

θ
ŵĺ磬صСԺ֮󣬾һͤ֪Щʲô
Ľƺڿ飬ûйȥš
μҲ˲ԣԺʵĿѾķΡ
ʱܼҴ߹ŵߣ˵үˣһ磬Ϊ׵һЩȨʡϱְأ޹ְռöϰãʡ̴˲һگ顭
Ȩ̬ղŻθ·ϣŵܼ˽ˡ
ȣȣӾһȣλоż
Ϊ˱ԽԽ࣬ЩľλÿһһŴ֮ҲΪƽ
꣬ʱЩչĺΪƽ
ĴĹ壬һ⣬ջʼѪ
ȻֱȨȻвȨǳһɼӴ
ȨӵһȨǵȥߡӣʡ봦Ҳһּگ
ߡǽϵȥģʡ˲󣬼̵ݽ£ͨһʱ佻ʡִС
ŵϺѧһʱ䣬Ƿگû硣
ôȻŵ
Լ֪֮٣ץסŵš
š
Ȼ󰸶ϰΨһԴѰҲ㣬ɲÿ춼С
ưٶԶԶϲġ
ܼ̾˿ε˵үʡֱ·گģһгϷүҲܰﵽүˡ
ŵ˻֣˵û¡
һ£Ҳһ顣
ҿڳãվǳ֮ƣϾô󲿷ֶЩëƤС£ɴ£̲ʹ¡
Ȼ͢ĺţһš
ûйܶϰͿһ
ǿƾ𣬸׵ƵһӵģҲܸݡ
ŵöûпڣܼǰ˻Σ˵үү
̾˿˵ʵ޷ңҽҲҽǿ壬٣ҲΪ¡
ŵܼң˵ˡ
ܼһ㶣ʵүҪҽˣ
ŵҪƾ١
ܼһĬ֮󣬽סŵ֣˵үū仰ʮ꣡
ʮǰĿƾ٣һ˶ռ״Ԫ˸
һ֮ĺӳȴǸɵӡ
ʮ꣬ѽԼ˵һֱڵ漣ĳ֡
һ̣ڵȵˡ
ŵ˵ƾٻʱ䣬ֻҪүú׼һܽ
ʵһƾ٣ڰ֮
үɵʮ꣬Ÿոձãûпʼѧϰգһƾٿ϶Ǹϲˣһ죬Ǻпܵġ
ϾүĶӣ㲻үһһ˶ռ״Ԫиʿûɣ
ŵûиܼңҪμӵģǰ֮Ŀƾ١
̫ˣû취аĻôá
ֻµʱ䣬ȴûʼӴգ޷ЩʮʮԺѧȣҲûлᡣ
ŵĿɨ䣬ڹȻͺ׿Ļͣ
һ鷨һͨ
ǿƾݡ
֮ϣܶ༸Ļ񣬾㲻һռ״Ԫʿܹûɣ
У¿ƽʿĹְͳһίΡ
ֻҪиʿֻһҲͨ˵Ĺϵ̲Ǵ¡
̲ůǰ
е
ʱ˭ܲ󰸣
ô̵ʱ֮ڣδҪߵ·ŵѾԼźˡ
ڵֻʣһ
ƾٵô
Ϊ֮ǰ֮·˳ŵû˽Ŀƾ١
ֻ֪ƾҪգؼؼؼؼؼհݶˣ忼ʲôôʲôʽһ֪
ŵȥ褡
ûнܿƾٵ飬ӦĿԿƾٵ̿϶Ϥ
ŵ褵Ժʱﻹˡ
ٻ˫ֲŭ˭ӵģ
褶߶µĲϿڣֱٻšסĶ䣬żٵ˵˵˵Ķ䣬ſңۡ
ٻſ֣šüͷ˵ĶôˣȨ֮Ӿ۸𣬵ҲǵģͿô۸
æûµģ÷Ѿұˣ䱻ıһңˡ
ŵ˹æվ˵÷ˣ
ٻȻμˣŵܵܳͷ׿ڶŵʾ˸л
ٻɷվҲŵ΢΢ͷǴк
ڵܱܵ飬ٻȻŭ˵ЩȨ̫޷ˣѵûܹܹ𣿡
褶Դ˱ʾΣп˵˭˼أĵķҵķ˵ˣ仹ɱˣ͢Ҳûܡ
ٻŵһٹģոһ褵Ļתʵɱˣɱʲôˣ˵㡭


93 ֮ڣɣ
ŵԴɷѾ졣
ĵȨԼȨڷ϶Ȩġ
䣬һȺĳӣֻҪͽ꣬ǧҲ
ŵĸǵƷԱ˵ҲȨ
̵ǰǣ
ﲻ꣬ǰĴۣòײȡĽ
֮ǰȨԼȨ·ҲǷѡ
뷨ҵȻǳͻġ
Ϊ޸ɷǸʱķ֮ˣ͵ʱĳ͢˳ʮ֪ΪѪ
ȻǵҲֻǽɷǰƽһС
̵ķΧֻ̣̣̱ų⡣
ңһɷҲȨˣֻǶǵơ
ȨˣɿͨԽλȥ̡
⼸ʮ꣬ƶ䷨ҲûܼС̵ķΧ̵ֻ
ǰһӾһֻܵһͽ̡
ķھͰѾλǲġ
褿ŵӣ̿ˮ૵ˣԸʮֹŹ֣緭飬ʱϵȫ͸·ߵؤʱҲΪؤŪ·ʹǵ֫
ǰԺʱΪһλͬżףӣͽλͬЮֵԺ⣬鵱ѧԺֵúܴ˱ѧԺ
ŵü˵ôӣٸûܣ
ε˵ʱڳãߵļ˵֤˵Ҷֻˣҹ´ʱʧˤԴײǽģʱĳͷš
ŵʵߵļڻڳ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵֪ҵûԺʡ
Ӧ֮ʶʲôȻŵʵ÷ѵҪ
ŵȷҪΪλѧӷ
ȻϲǾͺúý
磬ûԹôĿ
뵽ſŵӣͶµûš
ô˯ţ
ʱһʻ볤һﷻͣһСԺǰ档
СԺȻδɣͰԺǽƶǽ߳Ӳݣϵĺ紵ɹҲѰòӡ
ԺߣһɫĶ
÷÷䣬׷ͺڷ顣
ıԵѾƾ𣬲Ʋǲ֪١
ԺûأŵŶ룬ƾɵľŷ֨֨ŵ浣һ̾ͻᵹ¡
߽ԺڣӭģһŨŨùζ
ϲҶһ͵Ӱվԭأֳɨ㣬һûһµɨš
תվſڵӰ΢΢һ֮ɳ˭
ԺǷĳ褿űʵļ𣿡
ͷӳĬã˵Ѿˡ
תͷŵһλݵ꣬˵÷򣬿ˡ
ߵǰ˵ĸװɣҽ褣Ժ飬ͬ
ӵͷɨԺӣ˵Ѿˣ߰ɡ
褵֪ܲԩ飬㡣
ҡҡͷ˵Լˤģʲôԩ飬ģȥɡ
Щˣ˵ܲǣ㡭
ӼҡͷûʲôҪģ߰ɡ
һӺ
߻ſڣǬɬ촽˵ô죬Ϊӷ
İӣѾȥ˰꣬ѽ᰸
ʱܼڹ֤˵Լˤģ޹ء
ҪΪֻܼƷԼ֤ʡ
褷Ѿ࣬ĸ׾ǲɿڣԼˤġ
һΪ𩷭ǲܵˡ
˸ղʱ򸽽Ĵ
ҵͲãĳɼԺƸ¼ȡģ߶ѧѣһ
ļˣȻܼδϣ
£ĸ׾ΪĹȹˡ
ԺĸҲǷϡ
Ϊһʱ棬׻һͥ
ŵߣݵӿڵǡ
˵ٻɷ򣬴ҵλúҲŵ
ЩΣʵô죬ҪȥȰȰ
룬˵ȥ԰ɡ
ߵͷǰͷҲû̧˵ǻȥɣûʲôҪĵط
ҡҡͷ˵Ҫ㣬ǡ
ϴɨĶһ٣̧ͷ
ָָ褣˵λ˵ĹģĸԱɣС
˵ͷٴε£ɵİﲻǡ
ʵ𣿡
Ȼ̧ͷĿƵ
ָŵ˵ǱλεĹӣǴĶӣгҪڹָ䣬˵ʵ飬³֮ǻһǧӣ뿪һԶҲĵطٰ㹺һݼҵ±ʳǡ
£ͨһڵϣ޵Ҷԩţ

һʻڳͷ
ƽĳˣ΢ԵЩӵ
ŵͳڳߣмĺϣĻζҡڡ
Ҳҡڡ
˿ߵĽֿ˿ұߵ÷һҸĸоȻ
̫ˡ
Լ˰Ŀ࣬ĸ׿һۡ
غԩ
ǰССļݲ֮ӣ͸ǰҫ
һȺĶһ÷׷Ŵ
ȻСǱ򣬾Ǳᣬֱ˿ףнãһôõ顭
⣬ܼҿڵүȥ𣿡
ŵ붼û룬˵ȥ
ѾԼ۵ĺܲˣǵǿǲ𣬻ǲҪȥˡ
ܼսʵȥõĻȥ
ŵ룬˵ȻθȻȥ̲
ʻθſڣ褺ͳֲ֮ͣЪĸ̲
ϴ˵ʲôѣȥ̲
ھˡ
ʵ̲֮⣬ѡ¡
˵ﻰ
״ˣŵͰһ㡣
̲ˣȥҲ١
θλãڻʳǸŶԶ̲ܿ㵽
̲ͣſڣŵ֪ŷͷһһ¾װͳǰ
ƺڳԷǻմ
ŵָָԼǣбۿ˿̽ɵһ׾ʧˡ
ŵʵʲô£
ŵżɽмӣҪ°æ
¶ȵı飺̫߳ˣаӾȻң
ĺ⣬Ͼ˵һμʱŵ͸˳Զʳĺӡ
Ƿҵӡ
Ǹʱ֪ͬˡ
ŵûպҪмӣ֮ǰôˣܺ߼Ҫ̲ܲܽӣ
ˣȻӣ
ӵջԶͨİҪ
ƶŵûôġ
ֱʵȻǳôеģΪʲôȥã̲ҪǷˣ׮ӵĹԱҪܵʹġ
ŵ׮ӵĹԱѾˡ
ֱ˵ʵʲôӣ
ŵҲٲҴţ˵֮䣬ǰΪһ˽ԹִһλԺѧӣʩѹѧӵĸĸڹα֤ʱĳãʲݲݽ᰸ܺ˵ļҪ
ĵĿŵ
һȻûôġ
һȺĳӣδ֮λļ̳ˣⰸûô÷
ԼķݸĻȥˣҹԱȨ鷳ֱӶһȺ硣
üʵģ
ŵͷġ
޷ҵģȻ޲ýе֮ͽ֮ԷҲΪ޷ңҲѧȨס
ֹıȨȺ塣
䣬ǸȨȺ壬ǵãԺҲٰȫȻǵķ񹥻
޷ңЩʱΪܸԶάɷΪ£ҲʱȨơ
ŵ۾˵ҵ㣬㣬ûйڳöϰΪ͢û׷һִܵʲôͷ϶ܼöϰˡ
ŵ֪
һ㶣֪
ŵʵ˵Ѿöϰˣϣʡ͸һگ顭
ŵĽһŭд
ǷҺò׳һλ츳ˣû뾳ͱЩһɱҡ
Ҫܴʹ˷޷ˣԼԺǺܼį
ķҵȿͬ䣬ܺ˵˵ģֻһ
˵ȵȣȥˣ
ŵղŵԥ˵飬Ե²һȥ£ҵæɡ
ǰôãɱΪΪ飬ҲܵӰ졣
˻֣˵İɣһھȥ㱨𣡡
ŵزӵʱ򣬾һֱ˹۲١
ڸղţһѣһľ¥
¥
ʱŵʱ䣬ʱ¥ϯվ¥ãȴһӰûС
¥һλ˰
¥һŸ֮Уｻ䣬쳣ȡ
͹һھƣʹޱȡ
뵽ղڳſڣŵһȴ޿κεӣܵı㷢һЩ
Ȼ⻹ԶԶģҲֻЩˡ
׶ε󣬲ҪȥĶӡ
ΪȨӵܣŴĻѪɷǸЦ
ǵͱˡ
ôû뵽һ죬ȻҲҪɷ
ҷô£ֻŵܶϰܼ޷Ҷѡ
ͺһȭ޻ϡ
ĶôǶ
ʲô䣬Ǳµһѣʱ򣬲λ¼λһ׵ľ
ǰһûʲôµġ
ʱô

ڳһЩСȨӵܣ˵յ飬׷Цſڡ
ˣǴĹ塣
ϵЩӣΪשߵ͹ǣˡ
˿ھƣĿɨˣ˵ǣСȻʱ֪ôģĶӣǼˣҲŵ㣬ȥǣûУ
ЩһƽŰˣĿˣ˭߹
Ҫ䵽ûȨƣıȹҡ
Ϊѣһ䡣
ĳѣóϵЩ䣬
̲סʵ֣Ķӣôţ
һ˵ЩûҲۣȻˣǳǵһȺ֮һԺ䵽ˣɱûǡ
ԣ׷
ϯգҲ˼֡
Ƿ׷в²⣬Ȼðĳ¹󣬵жôȻδĶȺ˽
䣡
ôʱżţȻ򿪡
Ǵ򿪣ǵ¡
żȵľţȻһ
֮ϣؿʹ
üͷšʵղǼľؽ𣬴ųġ
ľߣȻԶ徳ϡУҲ޵ļ۸񼫹ǰʱշѵģ뿪úǲɢǡ
ˣλҲ۷壬Ȼ˴ôҡ
ĿſڣͫȻһ
һϤˡ

ôǼһһ
ŵ߽ھ۲͵Ÿ󣬿Ⱥе䣬˵ɰּˡ
仺վʵŵô
ڵȨӵܣԷ˾ţܷŭŵ֣ĬĬ˻ȥ
ղ˵Ļǻš
ˡ
ĶӣȻš
ŵ䣬˵мӣҪһ¡
䷴ʵΥ͢گ
ŵתͷ
䣬˵мӣҪһ£ȥ̲

ͷͼǰ棬ŵں档
û̲Ĳȡʲôǿƴʩ
ô˵ҲȨڰδ£ֻҪԸϣ̲Ҳض֡
ŵתͷ˿ʵ˰ˣ̲ôУ
մɷɱ˳ԭλѧȷʵģɵն
ŵʵԭϣ
͵Ȼɷ涨ɱ˳Ҳкܶȥ̷̽λǶȺԽλȥּҲ֮⣬ԸԽλҲΪȥһ̡
̾˵ҪɱһλȨûôףֶͨҲ
ŵҲЩпѹַȨôΪǣҲѡ
㾭飬˵ȥ
ܿ첶׽ҪأвֶΣ
˵ͷ˵һ֮ڣһλȺĴԽλֱΪƽȻ塣

һ˺ܿ쵽̲š
̲֮ϣһľľӸµĿ䣬ʵ䣬ʮ㽫ԺѧЮֵԺŹд£
վ̲ã˱ȭ˵ص£ʱһʱȣ´£Ǹ⳥һڵڼҲˤڶ˰Ѿ᰸졣
˵
һ͵Ӱӹĵָ߽䣬˵ҶͱˣҼңҷΪɱȫң֮£α֤𡭡
ڹϣ˵ˣΪС
䣬ʵкλ˵
˵λ飬ϾͬѧҴˣҲ᲻ȻûɱȴҶɣԸ⸶ܼǧӣԱǸ⣬֪ܲΣ
ŵվڹ֮⣬һ֪ԷʲôˣᱻһϿҵıƭȥ
˵ȷ競ͬվ̲ϵݵȻ͸ģǶɷľĮӡ
ܸЦһҶˣҲˣҪʲôãң
źҡҡͷָŵ˵£˵ĶӣշһЩͻػɣͬѧĸף̲ңƺ˵Ķӹϵ½롭
ŵĿǰ˵Ϻ߼
ҪҲ֡
˰ϾѾȥ˰꣬Ѿ᰸Ҫ󣬱ҪѼ֤ݣѰ֤ˣƾܸһ֮ʣǲܸ䶨ġ
䣬ȻҲɷ
˰һ½룬붨͸ˡ
ȫǵˡ
ʱһӰ߽̲ã˵£ǴʼҺ͹尸ģľλûأʲôʸҪ½룬㲻̲Ǵ½ɡ
Թϵ˹֣˵£˼Ȼ̲Ǵ¾ͽˡ
Ȼʶλ꣬·Ӧ˾ˡ
˾ʹ¶ģ⼸Ѿֱ˴ˣ¹̲ܲĹԱȴܹ̲İӡ
俴ǺˣɫȻһ䡣
̲ãķҵǿߣ󶼾ۼ
ǰ참֤ݣ̲Ǿ԰ȫġ
ǽ˴£ȫһˡ
ĵطпڸ׾֮ǰˡ
Բܱµ˴ߡ
ϣҲû˸ղŵĵȻ̶԰˵£ȷʵҴģ

ؼʱ̣ǿס
Ǻ֮Ǭˣֱ̲Ѻ
ŵ˱ȭת뿪ûгֹһ
̲
һ÷֮ڡ
Ȼֻһͷ̲ȴԼĶ÷ҿԿ󰸣Զ̶
ҶǱԱҶȴر
до飬˵ˣȵǩֻѺкɴӡоʽЧˡ
оŵûԼд
ĲѾˣǲ󰸣доҲӰӡ
ɷն̡
Ǭоǩ֣һˣ̲ӡоʽЧֻҪȴµˡ
ŵһ۷䡣
ٰʮա
ȸղŵ֣ʮ
һ䣬ʮ
ŵûȫĹ򣬵ϣӵǺͷµأʵλȡ
ԽأʵԽǿλԽߣԽӵԽࡣ
ŵһı仯ɻûͻư
һۣ˵ô죬ҪȵΪŻб仯
Լظʮ˵İɣһ뾳Ʋ˾ң
Ϊӣûзôʱ
ŵ˱ȭ˵лˡ
ӻ֣ôʲô
ٴζŵһۺ¶ı飬૵ܾã̫˳ˣ˳е㲻Ծ
ֹŵҲָо
ǰһ̻ڽƱ磬ڿ׵˳֮̾Ǭ
оϣҲʹǩֻѺƺնĲ
̫˳˳ŵòʵ
ֿ۷䣬ҪȷԼǲǿˡ
ŵʮա
ŵԼղſˡ
ԣͰڷֲҸղ˲ֹһ飬ǾԲܿġ
쳣ʵôˣ
ŵУתߵ̲Ժ
վ£΢Цĺ˸кЦݼƣȻתȥ
߳÷Ҳһ¡
ߵһλ̲Աʵôģ
̲Աߵǰε˵ص£ղ̲һȵ͵ơ
ŵĿʵƣ⣿
˵ͷ
ƣȻ࣬С
ļÿһľλʱڣ䷢һƸܳңֻǳеس
ǸʣΪЩʮһƶûа䷢
ʮɱʬɽѪ
вƣǰЩﱻõˣ⼸궼ûٳֹû뵽ﻹһ顣
Ǵ֮ǰĻʵ۰䷢ģ֮ĻʵۣȻܷ档
κóƣȥһγı֮
˽⵽Ƶ飬ŵ˾þõĳĬ
ЩȨǣķʽ廨ţ˷ʤ
ôĹȻˮһա
ļһɱ
ʵûбİ취
룬˵С
ŵһʵʲô취
һλ̲ݸŵ˵仹ûԶ׷ȥһɱǴּһ취㣬ͬ⣬ȥҸһƣпܻͬ⡭

ŵĿĵĿ
ѹ˼ǵľأһɷβ˾Լϣ޵ľһͷͨ
ŵûнӵ˵⣬Ҿã飬±Ҹʺϣô˵Ҳ˾ߣŵҲ򲻹¾Ͳһˣ󣬾ɱ䣬͢Ҳô
ĿӣжǶԱ˴˵͡
̲档
ֱС̯
ŮһǺ«һֻһӱѺҡͷԵ˵һ֮ڣӦһ̷
̯ϣһ׺һԴûʱרһ㣬һûˣ㻹ĶĲúУֻвһʱ϶Ǳȥ̵ģϷҪ㵽һʱʮܸ֮õɣ
ŮԴҧһɽ髣˵һʱҲһ֮ڰû
üģ£ջסˡ
һʣүİɵˣһͶˡ
һ˱Ѻ̲ŮеǺ«˵㡭
Ů˫ֲãָٵú˵꣬
˵ͷ˵˵º󣬵ڵ㵽꣬Ѿܲˡ

ֵ̲ططһ϶̣ʺϵ;ʦ֡
һλŻṫӣ̲߳Ůָ˲Ӱջҡҡͷ˵㲻϶ܻܾá
ŻȲֹ֮㲻Ҳ
ָһ㣬Ŀиֳһ˿ɫɵĶ࿴ۡ
ӲߵĿ⣬ü㿴ʲô
˵ΰȻ̲ŵһҲʧȥ˼Ψһƣ鲢á
鲻õʱ򣬿˭˳ۡ
ƿߣ˵ûʲô
Ͼ̲ſڣҲûкͷƽϣһ֮󣬾ת뿪
ȵߺߵϣŸֳһ˿мҡͷɣɣҲ͵һˡ
Ůɻүү˵ʲôʲôһģ
߿ǹȥıӰ˵֮ڣɣ

ŮһæվȻүүҪҪȥ
˰˰֣˵ʲôڤڤ֮нжˣҲþǵãΪһй¶Խ࣬ԽǴ֪ȱ⵽Ǵ
Ŷ֪ˡ
ŮӦһֻ˻ȥ
ûãһλῡεĹӣ̲˳
ŮȵүүǸ˰
Ŀһۣλܰջӭˣʶָһ㣬ϵıȻס



Ŀλṫӣϵı飬ͬռ


94 ΪʲôҪң
̯ǰ
ϵıȡ
԰
ϴΪʱֻʣңôȥ˰£һ࡭
ôԽԽˣ
˵Ҳһɲ䣬ϵľˣû
Ҫô£ʲôĻԵʹ˸ı䡣
Ҫôи߾ңϧķԼΪ˰ꡣ
һ֣˲ĺ档
ٴοһۣſε

̲뿪ŵź飬صμҡ
ôľû֮ܽԷ
˭뵽ڱ̵£ͳһ
֪֮Ҳ̾˿˵Ҿ֪ûôװ⵹ĻδĶȺʱٴηɱҲþλװƽ
صӵСԺŵʯϣܱ
Ҳȷʵûʲô취
Ƿ⽨Ȩ׼Ĵڣ޿ɱ⡣
Ҫ봦ЩȨ׼ҪΪߵȨ׼
ķǿߣһУܵȨ׼ķɶġ
ԼȻδ뾳˺һ⡣
̣ԾƵĴڣǷҵ֮·ϼ谭
ҵǰΪСЩȨķΧŬиֱ䷨ÿζЧ΢
Ȩ͹Ա̫Ӵ
䣬ǷɵƶߣҲǼȵĽ׼
żбѽ׼ĸˣȴûбѽ׼Ľ׼
ŵʱԺи֡
һҹȻߣŵǷȥ˯š
ͬ˯š
飬Ӯˡ
ʵĺܲҡ
˽ʵһᣬصΨһһƻõˡ
֪ŵôϰģҪ´䵽Ǹ̽λֻԽλõ⣬Ļ
õ⼸ǲܵģ³ɵҲٲֳ֮¡
ǾֻܽԼҵľλ
͢Ϊ˼ٹʡĿ֧Ǻܹôġ
λǴһһͻʧȥȨΪƽ
ڴϣȥ˯ţ俪ʼ˼ôŵġ
ˣøˣԽڲͬģԽϲ
Լ˵һλԧ黭ͨͨż϶ϲǱˣֵļġ
ŮӲԸ⣬Ϊǿͷѵһ٣û뵽ŵݡ
ҶȨӵܣԼͷˣŵȻӣҪ
Ȼȥֻ̲̫òŭŵһ١
øϼλȨ飬޷ҵ·
ŵܻҪǼɰҪ
ʵ侲룬˶д
ŵõˣ˵
ⱾһС飬ȴֳӣ˫Ľ֡
Ҫһ˵ĻǾ͹λԧ
һʼûоܾĻһжԴϲ
õˣŵķңԼҵҲڣֳڵĽ֡
ΪǸʶ̧ٵļˣ
˯ţӴԼ
һӰܽүкηԸ

ҹ

շ飬ǣλȨӵܣ̶һգʹ˳Ȧӡ
֮ǰֻǳһԵַ
˵ַʵǸһ¥
ֵֻطĹͨ¥ƯҲࡣ
ֻȺȲ裬ܺ͹ǷһĹϵ
ҲֻǱʵϣֻҪԸǮûдߵĹ
Ȳĸ֮أʵеŮһס
󣬺طȣЩͬ
ҵĳӣǧĸ߼ۣûܳɹеĹߣȻ˵ĺ档
ôеߵַǵһμ
ֱӵ£Ŀˣƽ
ʱҹʱչš
ַǷַҲѾϨ˵ƻ
ʱһӰɵԽԺԺǽϢڵϡ
ĺԺԺӵһǣһƬԣԺӣһɵĻ㡣
Լ˼ԺУûзκζ
ܿ죬һС¥֮ǰһԾڿն˶¥ĳĴء
ӻȡһܣƴֽһ̻뷿䡣
һԼַڴ·׵ľʹ˴ɷڣ
һ׶ᳵ·ˮΪ顣
޵׹־ͽС͵񡱹
׹޳ԸͶųƣͬȾ£˭Ҳ򲻹
Ҫ͵ĹΪľĸҲȲȫ˼ҵСκ󣬴Ӽ͵ȵү֮Ϣͻȥ
ү״̬ѣʱԼҲá
ЩνղˣҲүù١
ѾǴ֮Ůӣڶ޲
Щӣ֮ҲֻỳɣǲԼСŪƵġ
ƾŹЩ͵δʧ֡
⴦ĴϣһŮӣѾˡ
ԼߵߣûзκҪϵŮӱȻоһͷΣƺ綼ʼת岻ɵĻ˻Ρ
ͷͷģɣһͺˡ
ߴһϵŮӲ֪ʲôʱ
Լʧȥʶصڵ֮ǰƺںڰжԼЦ

θ
ŵĺ
Ϊ˯š
ͲʲôؿˣǼͷӴѧϰţʱʮ꣬ҲΪ
ԼԿؼǻûʲô취ˣʧߵ°ҹ
Ľ߽ŵڳ緹ŵ磬첻ȥ𣿡
ŵ˰֣˵ȥˣԺÿ춼ȥˡ
ǷǷаֹ͢Ժ󣬾û취ȥˡ
̲ʹҲͬĵ˵ŵţӦм޷ң͵͵ģҲǳ֮ơ
ʣ㹻࣬Żʮ졣
ڼ䣬˳һЩӣóŸһ꣬Ӧñ
ǿƾ٣ܿʿܹ֮󰸡
ܼȥñƾٵˣŵĽԼãһȥŷݡ
緹Եһ룬ξҴҵܽԺӡ
ûŵѯʣʹŴ˵ӣŽӵڷһ׮Ұһڣһҹ֮š
ŵ緹˲óˣվ̵ߣ
Ȼ󰸣ȴӰ鰸
ֻҪԼƻİӣ˭еģӡ
θڳǵĶǳȨľۼ֮εİص㣬ڳϽǣʻòͣ¡
ŵȲǰһƬƵ񷿡
ŵΪ׿ļѾˡ
Ȼһ·ûУݺύС
ܼķ䲻·ߵĳˮУɢһŵζ
ڣ۵ĺͯԶԶĶڵͰƵԺǽúηǡ
ʻӿڣû취ٽȥˡ
õĲ죬һ
ص㣬λ⴦ﷻ
ŵСӶˣܺߵھӴ·ƾǣ治һҵط
Ƭ̺һһԺǰͣ¡
˴ԺŴ󿪣ֻվſڣŵһɼŨѪζ
һϲɫ԰ףվ⣬ŵ˵ӣԺ桭ЩѪȣҪҪ
ŵ̤ԺӣȿģһƬȾĵ档
ӰԺţĹڵϡ
ǶûԴ
λˣһޣһԺͯͷ­ɢڵϡ
ǵϣԾɱǰ־ı顣
Ѫ۾ôֱĶˡ
ŵһεĳϴսʬ
ʶתͷûٿڶۡ
ξɫҲЩ԰ףǻǰ鿴ֳ֮Ŀ¶ɫŵ˵һڣͬһʱ䱻˿ͷ­ֻһΣһ˵ͷ­
п̫ƽⲻܹͨģǵľϵĸ߽ߣǽɵ˿ڣ
ϳ𾪣૵һֻͨգλǿߣҪƶ֣
ŵҲ¶ȣû뵽⾹Ȼһ׮漰߾ߵİӡ
ξЩͬɻ
ľߣΪʲôԼλͨգֺݶֶΣ
˵ھһǲǵʲô
ʱξʲôż˵ʬ壬Ȼ˵˲ȥ׼ַƺЩ죬
ξѣŵҲɱַϤҺܿϤԴ
ͷǾ߱սͷʬǰȥ׼
ŵһΪǼӣǸġ
ʶӦ豳ɱڡ
׮ŰĻ֣ɱͬһˡ
ô
ŵɫȻһ䡣
ˣģ
Űֻһն
˵ˣ
ŵûѣܼҺλ߾ͬʱɫ䡣
˲佫ŵм䣬ӿŵ;ξС
ĽӲͬķն
еĽһŵξˡ
վԶһЩûڻ֮ڵλϲͷûôˡ
һһֱϣڵʹ
ܼҵϾ˼ĿĶźȻԺеλˡ
һ⣬ǵľߡ
ôôǿߣ
˵λƶԶ볤شҲѲߵһĲ߻ģǵϮ
ˣֻˣϴھԵơ
˵֣ˣҲûһս֮Ҫģүİȫ
ү£ǽȫɱҲѴ
ܼҵϣץŵļѸ˵Ժ⡣
λߣĬסԺţֹ׷
ֻˣǾȫҲֻסˡ
ˣɵԽԺǽŵܼʧķ׷ȥ
խС֮УܼұŵܹܵٱƽϢ
үж㣬ᱻ׷ϡ
һжǿ֧һԹ˲ү
ϵĽŵ£ָһ򣬳үܣսǣǰһֱܣͰȫˣ
ûʱ࣬תӭˡ
ŵҲֻ֪Ϻȵģָܼķȥ
ܹһսǣȻͣӿڵ
µٶȸ죬ܵһʱŲȴͣ¡
ڴһźµӰƺʲô
һ
ŵƤûʱ˼˲ת䷽ԵһС
˼Ųٴͣ¡
Ӿͷһǽ¶֮ɫ
ģͬ
ǽߣĽҲ׵ȥ
Ľ
Ҳߡ
תʱˣѾӿڡ
˳еĳ
Ϊľ֣ɱһͨˣòű
鵶ֻǷԴ
˵ûôҪΪɱֵĻ
ź˻߽С
ŵ̾˿
ʱСУ졣
С˿ǽϣ۾̧ͷͷһա
Ѿˣ۾š
ǰУ˲𾪡
ؿڣݵӡɼ
һӡ֮ϲ˪һӡֳ֮ɫ
ŵЩѵķǽɱ֣Թ˵ҾΪʲôҪأ


95 ɱ
΢˿ŷϵ֣ŵ¶ʹı顣
ŵ
һա
ٶһ˲˫ľʵ
̿ûз͵Ϯһ
ϵֻʣһա
һգ»ǷԶĳֱ
ҪȻûɱɱ֣Լȱˡ
ʱ˼
Եľߣԥһ룬͵ͷء
ץһλľ֣Ÿһ
һΪͿٶ졣
ƽʱʡԼãһ᲻ģ֪ܾ˶ٴĽױ󣬺òײŽٶ졭
ºˣһ£һصǰ
Ҳûѡ
ҪôҪô
ңλĻ˫ľ
еľڵҲѰľ
ֻһĵľδһɱ
Ҳǿôԭ
ڤڤ֮Уһƺע
ŵƵĿŵϵĺˣҧ˵Ǻοأ
еľףм䲻֪ҪԶٿۣ࣬ܶôˣһ㶼ֵ
Ļͫ𽥻ɢĺˣѾˡ
ŵҪǽվѣȴһϮ
ղԼǿĿ£þˣҲܺսٻغϡ
ǵʧ֮ȴоǰδеĿ顣
ƺեǬ
ջ֧Ųסǰһתʧȥʶ
֪˶ãС֮УٴӯĽŲ
һ˳Ӱ˽ǿһ۽Ŀĺˣмĳ˳ǣʲôɷɷģС¶첻ãҳʲôʮɱ֣ǵ˼Զ֡
λιȥˣ¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫ૵ôΣ˼Ҷɱˡ
Ȼô˵ĳȴѾ
һĻǽͷŮӣǽǻ㶯һԣ
˳ӰŲһ٣еĳһ
ôƺˣѾˡ
һͬɴŮӣܵϺεгƽϢ
ڵϵŵ¶ź֮ɫԾǽͷת˲ʧ
ŮӲδȥ׷ͷιȥŵֿ˿͸˵ĺɱ֣μˣ๫Ծ
ʹתȥ˼Ųȴֶס
գε̾˿ת߻ŵ𣬻ȥ

θ
һ׺ӵָ߽ŵƿܼңɻʵȷǼүû𣿡
ܼûӹҽ׻᲻ƲҿҼүģҼүû֪ܲ
ͷǾˣ͸֧أĵĽҲûʲô󰭣עϢԲƷʮ¾ָܻ
ʱڴϵˣƤ΢΢˶
ŵʱ򣬿ӵˡ
ӣĽԼܼңΧĴǰ
μϵĵ֮ɫԵЩ
Ľϻ飬˵֣ŵ磬ˣ
褳˿µ÷ˣ
ܼһǵʵүоûﲻ
ǣŵ˿
þˡ
ŵûлشܼҵ⣬ѵʵЩ̿أ
ܼҵλ̿ͣһ߸ˣǶǶɱ֣һӵĻס
˿ɻЩ£ҵ˭뵽ɽɷȻаλҿλŮ··ƽүȻĻү׶༪٣ūҲүٷˡ
ŵ֪ʲôŮ
ƺιȥ֮󣬻һЩ顣
ЩҪˡ
ԭΪλ̿ͣץסһ
һȵ֮ʧܼӻ
û뵽λֻ̿ͣһλϡ
Ұ참佲
кɱˣӰӡ
δҲδУֱӽɱˣ
ŵĿǰ䡷ǰ
гڴ
ϵ֣
ŵ
һա
һе֣ĳ׳ȥ
Ȼûӡ
ľɱ֣Ϊһ
ôװ׵˷ˣŵ۵Ըӡ
۵ʱ䶼ûС
賿ٴˢ¡
ڼ䣬ΪԼ
㣬ڡ
ŵתͷ˿棬Ѿˣһܼҵʲôʱˣ
ܼҵʱչ
ʱ㵽ߵ㣬Ҳ˵ߵ֮󣬾㣬ֻвСʱ
ʱ䲻ˡ
ڲӦеĳ򣬻á
ŵ˲оָ˼ŴӴܼҼ״æʵүҪȥ飬źúϢɡ
ƨûˡ
նţ
θǰ
ܼҽŵʵүȥ
ŵã
ɱѾˣûӣòҲ֪ǳ⡣
ǲ֪һоĻûã
˵ձֹ͢аͷҲ˲ôˡ
ʱμû˵ʲôֻĬĬŵĶ档
δɱŵɱ֣аλ
λɱֻ֣һ
˱ۻһ
ܼ˵һ·Ů
ŵ֪ʲôŮ£ɱ֣ιȥ֮ǰûмʲôŮ
ҪĲŮ

ƿߴٵٿ㣬Ҫˡ
ܼҲ֪ʲôˣȴϻӱ޵Ƶʡ
ܿ죬ͣ˳ſڡ
˿ãܼʹôţһ治ͷĵʲôãûʲôʱˣʲô飬
Ȼ֪үڼʲôĺܼ
ܼҴδүôż
һԾ֮ڣʱ򣬴潫Ŵ򿪡
ʱ
һۡ
ɻԼȥôȥһ춼ûл
ȥ̽̽飬Ȼһ˴Ҵܽ˵үȻ㣬Ǹŵȥˣ
һ㶣Ͼ͸ֳϲɫ
ðץԼʱһһɣ˵ĺôһ
ԼΥ͢ʱôˣ
˫꣡
˫˶ģ
Ҳ˲Լˣ̵£ȥã
ʡĹԱŵͳõĹԱΥ͢ʡĹԱץǻʲô˵
á
ܼͨ˾Ѿ鵽ǰɱ֣ųơɽɷɱ֣ɱְǰС
Ϊɽɷʵȴаˣ˶ǵľߣֻɱʦս
ˣһһǸɱ֮ˡ
ŵɱˣΪΣɽɷ֮ס
ΪʵǿģεĴɱС
÷֮ڡ
ܼһڸ̾λŮǿŵѾдо
ֻʣ¼СʱＫȽţձʵֶ΢΢
дһ֣ȻܵĹӡ
һоѾɡ
ֻ̲ʹϣͻʽЧ
һͻоӡ
ŵЩĿ򷨵䡣
һա
һա
ŵ˷䣬Ҷôˣͨһ²
һΣԺ֤ÿζճߡ
ϧ䲢ûлӦ
֮ϣǱġһա
θãٵддʣֵ˲ʱ䡣
ûʱ俼ˡ
뾡ĸ¡
ŵûδİӡ
ϣ
ŵҪ
ʱ÷֮⣬ȻһҵĽŲ
һ˴룬һλŶĹԱߵ÷֮ڣָŵ˵ˣ㿴ûУЩ˸ûн͢㻹
Ļû˵꣬Ȼһ¡
俴ŵĿֱĶ
δŵϣĿ⡣
ŵ֮·ŵûô
ƴ̲䳰ȷʱŵҲûô
ĵŨŨĺ⡣
һﵽôˣôô˺£
䣬ŵǿϣ
ǼɱǱܼǺԼɱģȷûкϹ̡
С
Źɱͬѧһ֤ȷ䣬Ҳϲ䣬̲ǩֻѺ
ûǵƣѾǸˡ
ŵĿУâ
վ˵š
£λߣѾվſڣ÷Ȼϡ
һļֻһľ̾ĶڶԷŵʲôΥ͢ˣѵ͢٣
ϣ
ŵֳܹǽϵ嵶
ܼҲһæүȱӣ͢ѾڲˣĻʹδǴˡ
Ϊүôɱ֮£һĻָʹġ
˵ԷոպүԹʮӣҲô
ŵȻ֪Щɱֲɵġ
ǲѾҪˡ
ֻвʱȥ£Ҳδкʵİӣƽ֡
ɵǣǰС
İӣѾ̲е̡
ŵ֪ˣ᲻Ͽɣʮ¸ӻ
ܼӻȻãӲ͵Ϊˡ
ܻع֮ҲߵŵǰȰοӣ侲侲
˶Ȱŵ˼ֵǻ߳ЦɱңǵһȺ֮ӣɱңҲס㣡
ܼҪӹŵĵȴյĺܽ
ƺǸܵŵľģ̧ͷ𾪵
ŵܼң˵죬
ڶ
һʵ
䲻졣
ˣȻϣٻϣ̫
ûѡ
䡣
ôһ
ŵĳĬȷҡ
Ȼҡ
ûбҪ
ûѪɱԼҲˡ
ˣɱȨӵܣ
ߵŵǰͦţ˵ͱ
ۣ
ض󴩳
ŵûи˵ڶ仰Ļᡣ
ܼĿŵĶ̫죬ǽߵҲӦ
μվŵԣʵʱֹȴûֹ
һôãŵ˽⡣
ȻƽǺĽģһôɡ
ɫ䣬Ҫǰȴĵ޷һ
ɴ˫ۣ촽˶һֶû˵
ʡ£ѱɵˣû뵽ԷĸҶɱˣɱĻĳӡ
ͨһڵϣһ߿ͷһߵⶼ⣬¹ٵ£
ϻЦȴΧ˵ı鲻ԡ
ƺʶʲôͷŵյ֡
ԡ
⵶
ƺ˵㡣
ؿںͱҲеۡ
Ǻۡ
ǰѵдŵ̧ͷŵ촽˶ʲôû˵
ŵɿ֣ʬĵء
۷䣬Ȼ¡
ʮһա
ŵ˿
Ȼ֪ҪԵĻʲô٣ڽȻС
ŵ˫֣˵ˣ˼ָ鷳ˡ
ᡣ
ǣҪɱضԼ칫÷УԺҪξһ÷ԺĻ

á
Ρ
ŵǵһȴǵһԷ˵ݡ
ɱŵҪܽѺ
ܴһηţɥŵ˵ӣֻίһˡ
ŵ߽ηվημˣ˵ӣȻȥɡ
ܶǱ˱ȭ˵λģ¹ٻϺùӵġ
ܼҿŵ˵үίūһ취ġ
뿪ܼ֮λãƺμˣ˵ٷˣūҪȥһ˴£֪ү
μ˵˵ͷת뿪
ܼ߳ãһ񱼶ȥ
ﲻǴ£Ҳ

ȻɫѾһ֮ڣԾɵƻͨ
һλṫӶģţҡͷ˵̫ˣ¨һȲԶˣµһ㶼ˡ
ṫӲ޵壬͸²ˣգҲͱҺһѣʲôôġ
Ļ˼䣬˿첽߽£ܼ
ɫһϲҲˣ߳ţŵһӰЦ⣬δˣ㱾һ塭
ܼҡҡͷ˵£ȱˣūһҪ¡
һܼ˵ͬѰΪΪǼүˡ
ɫҲȻ˼֣ʲô飿
Ƭ̺󣬴Ŵͣȷŵʲôֶɱӣ
ܼҵ˵ͷյĶԹԼյĴɱ¼Ҫĺʹ˵һ顣
°ͣ૵ɱȨӵܣδĶȺﰡɱģǻãŵĻȷЩѰ졭
վڴһʲôɱĻãҲɱȨӵܰ
Ҫȥɣ
ô˵ҲǸ׶ӣΨһĶӣӦòô
Ȼܼңʵ飬˶𣿡
ܼҵ˵ͷܶࡣ
̾˿˵ǾͲˡ
û˿ȥ౻һЩʱա
Ŀߺܶ࣬Ͳ͵컻գĿˡ
ܼҵļ˵ģĶô࣬һģҲûʲôӰ죬챾úȰȰ׷׶ˣҪ׷ﻹһƣû£Ͱķڶ


96 Ա֮ʩ

ոմûĳӻһϢ
ĳˡ
ڳã֮ӣһͱ
ʬ壬Ͱڴ֮ϡ
ҵ
һλӺݻĸ˸ո߽ʬ壬Ǭ˹ȥ
˻Σʧȥƽ⣬ϣĿĶǻߣҧôģ
¶֮ɫ˵˵ߣλľĻһס
۾˵ΪʲôȥãΪʲô
ߵͷĬĬ˵ȥ
һϣľȻѿ
䲻ʧִһѡ
ԼѾùһˣ
ҪӣҪ˷ƣܽһȫô鷳
ͷ𣬵ͺ˵һҪҲʧȥӵζ
ʱڡ
μ˵Ļϲûʲô鲨ֻǵ֪ˣȥϢɣõģһġ
μ΢΢ͷȻת뿪
һλ˴ӲԶ߹ʵˣҪȥÿ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ء
˵ɽɷɱ֣һеĹ򣬿¾Լ֪ĻĹ¿ȷϣεĴɱϴιڸ̵İӣͬһıöɽɷͨʮˡдôүûмӦþǼλ֮һˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ոպ͹ӷ˳ͻǾȲĶ֣޻Ǵһֺ̡
ĬƬ̣˵ȥ
Ƭ̺һͣڴǰ
ŷ֮ͨ󣬴ӭЦ֪
˹֣˵¡
ҡͷֲ棬ҿʲôȻˣͱˣҺȵ㣬¼壬ҹǵߣһ
˵գܼҵһȥˣ˯ɡ
á
Ρ
Ȼһµı죬ηĴ˯ûмҲûм㡣
˵㣬ŵԼ·
·һֵζֲͬӵ㡣
ܼ˵ŮɵЩ档
ιȥַ֮ʲô飿
λŮ˭
洫΢ĽŲŵ̧ͷվηһӰӣôˣ
μһʳУ˵һ춼ûгʲôҴ˵㷹ˡ
ηդĿ϶խʳ޷ݽդʳ߽η
ŵȷʵûôԶղŻöֱӴʳУŵ˵ζ֮󣬲žüޱȡ
θĳģлأһѲ
μŵԣȻʵ㡭ΪʲôҪɱ
ŵаɱ䣬ͳɹѸ˰
ɱɣûôС
Ҳ㲻ʲôеˡ
ἺΪ˵ʥˣ̲ʱˡ
ɱ䣬ɣΪ
ɹٹȻãʧܵĻҲΪճһ
ܾ⡣
䲻ãŵܵɱ
Ҫʱͳǰ
ӵѯʣŵδͷĴڡ
һڲɿ֣еȻ䡣
μʶ֣ȴֻ룬ֱڰС
ƺһε
μĿ뾳ˣ
ŵ˵ͷ
һ뾳
³ϲ
μ˿ŵɵ޷ҵĳԡ
֪еĿģǲΪ˴
ŵ극μʰʳУ˵㣬˵ˣ취ġ
վ׼뿪ŵȻӡ
μתͷ
ŵɲ԰ĺɰң
μûΪʲôȡһɫĺɰݸŵ
ŵºɰȵ뿪󣬽ߡ
һ죬屾һ˾İζ·Ӿߣܿ˯ˡ
μ˲δ߳Ρ
ʳзηſڵϣԵĳ£
ҹ
֮ڣŵ˯ʮְġ
һƬء
ĸʣδѡ
үޱŭԼ鷿ʱһżӺȨۡ
һӰ֮ǰ̤ſҵİ׵΢΢һ㶣𾪵Ϸʲôˣ˹ˣ
ŷһأȰο˵ӣڰ
һ𣬱װ
ŷæס˵ӣŪˣүǴүүɱˣ
š
ʲô
ˣ
Ǹˣ
ˣǾǺӣδĶȺ
䣬ϲӼ
ĿŸеҵİ׵ع֮󣬱ȸղŸӱʹֳĺòҰ

峿
øոտţյһ𾪵Ϣ
ҹĳӣڳã˵棬һͱ
Ѿһ֮ڣĵڶ¡
ʱ򣬴֮⵽ɱΪȡĻ֮˳˰λľߡ
Ϊ֮һλȨأɳ˰λľҪӵ
ǵһȺĵϲ壬ĵճӣδλļ̳ߣڱɱ
жûзĶ¼ˣ
ɵǣɱӵ֣ǵ֮ӡ
һλƷԱĶӣɱƷѫĶӡ
˵ȨӵȦУֵʱзֵֵزģҲټ
һʱ䣬˱ɳȥ̽Ϣ
ûܣȥǺܿŪ塣
֮ǰ֮䣬ҪǿŮ֮ײֹ˽ӡ
Ķ޷ңȻЩţڳϲȦҲʲôܡ
ΪӳһȨʡֹŵڳ󰸣֮·˼ìܼ
֮ŵǰһ׮ɱ˾ɰץ̲ȴΪ̲⵽ĵڳ̲Ա֤
鷢չʵĦ
飬ȫ˵Ԥˡ
һ磬ɱλ޹Ϊ޷ҵŵǰȥ鰸ȴֳ˰λľɱ֣ЩôΨһĶɥȪ
ߵĻʵǿȻ
ӳ˵ɺܴȻǲӡ
֮ʱʹñɱϢ
˰ʡһۼ֤ŵҲУԼ˳ôΡ
ƽĶۣ˵ìܣ䡣
дҲɱ
һ򲽣޼䣬ҪɱҲԼ֡
ɱ˲ˣĿ֮£ɱһȺӣĸ飬Ҳճ
һ磬ӵʬ˹ſڣһȨ飬Ҫ͢ϳ֡
ôİӣʡȻҵ
һʱ̲ȥˣ뾩׸ؼʷ̨˰ΪֹϵУų⡣
ͬʱʡҲŷ֪ͨٿṲ˰
̲
Щ飬ֻҧһڵİӣڵء
û̲ȥĸϲŻص
û뵽Ųһ죬Ȼͷô顣
ẉ̂ɱ䡭
ǣǾ仰ǿЦģûɱ
⺢ôôʵأ
Ҵҵ뿪̲Ҫȥÿ̤̲ţͿŵһ߸̲ĹͲ졣
һҲǱѰǷذҲϽͼ֮ࡣ
μ˸ŵߵ̲ſʱһ̲Աס˵̲صأܽȥ
ڵɡ
̲Աÿû˵ʲôˡ
һߵ̲ſڵʱμ˵̲йأͲˣţȥǱߵ÷õģһչ˺ġ
ŵ߽̲Σ˴һš
ηȻҪѰηƺûסһҳ
һ̲ĹԱˣԸȥҼŮúôɨɨٻһµı
η棬ŵŵɱ
ŵʼ磬˵ǵ½ҵ𣿡
һʱͣƽʱûôԼĻ
ǴɨҲģŵУһͷ˵뾳ˡ
ҵһǽ֮
һۣʲôʱˣȻ˼ҫΪ
ŭնȨӵܣ뾳˭뾳
ҺǽȻͬϵٶ֮ģû֮һ
ҪŵЩȨնɱԼҲĶ֡
ٴζһۣԹԴţȥϿ˳Ϊ飬飬϶ưոݣЩȨǣҲŹġ
Ҳ֪ЩȨһץ²š
ô׵ĽҹԺ󳤰ȨӵܣΣ
ŵһ䣬ʹҴҵˡ
ߺ󣬸ɨļŮ͵ˡ
Щͽ̵ķˣͽ̲ΣҪеһۣзˣһᱻȥ޳ǽںӵսʱᱻȥսߡ
Ůԭ򣬻ᱻһЩͶ֯ϴ£ɨΪȡ
ŮŰɫ£ŵ·ʱһĽСŮ̧ͷһۣŲȻһ٣𾪵ү
ŵͷһ
ϣˡ

ʹ
֮ϡ
һʱٿĳᣬμӳĹԱȴκһγᶼࡣ
һȺ֮Ӳã֮ûһǺǵġ
Ǵ˰ûжĹϵڹԱҲ֡
ϧǣĵĴ䣬˿̾ȻڳãҲķӦ
һ£ڴ֮ϣһԲ
࣬òɿ
һȨ˵ӳ͢گҲ˵ɱһȺ֮ӣ˵оʵ񼫣ǲɱɷ
ٺ˵Ķԣ޷죬ӳ͢ɷɵն
Ǵ˴βɱȥ֪´ֻʲôӵоɱݣݣ
飡
飡
࣬һȺߣŭԼӵˣǴĵȨǡ
񳯳Ƿֳջ๥
Ȩͬ飬ǳҲ۵һ
Ҳ࣬ݵˣһȺʷ
ÿһεĳᣬЩʷǶԸ
ȻȨ󣬵ϴӲ顣
ȨϹȴϵվһߡ
ڸڳá
ȵȨǵСһЩһλʷ֮䣬ΪΪ֮ǰΪԺͬżף㽫ѵɷ𣿡
һλʷǰ˵Էˣ֪˶ŮӣǿȡȻûйǲܿ󰸣ףҲΪ£ơ
ʷةվ˵ҹãһ£ûж⣬ɲ׷ۣ֮飬Ҳɳ͢У⴦õģɵȷն
Ϊʷ̨ҪΪ˵ʱʷةһת˵丸Ǵ䣬ְƷաٵĹأԸ̴ְôȥһ
֮ϣһȻ
ǵƷĹ٣˵λ˳ɷ֮ϣȻҲȨġ
ֻĹٵȨҪԶԶȨ
ͬƷֻҪһΪӵһ
䣬ȴҪȥȫְͬ顣
ʷ̨˼ƣνһʯ
Ķӣ⵹
ȣЩȨ󣬲Ǵĵ缲
͸ʷ̨Ҳûʲô
Ķӣֻ˳͢͸顣
Ȼɱ䣬⣬ӡ
ϳͣЩȨǲӦ
ǣҲֻܾסһ
޷ңԸ޷ҵˣѾԽԽˣǲԸ⿴һλҵĽ֡
˳⵹ĸȻǸˡ
ǲ֪ĺ᲻ΪԼĶӣڵλã
ʷ̨һֺ̡
飬Ȼ⡣
̧ͷһԹʵة˵ĶӣܷŹɱӵ𣿡
ʷةҪתƻ⡣
شҵ⣡
ʷةһмٵĶҪôñ˶֣Ϊ
㣡
ʲô

ȨȻǣʷҲǳصġ
Ǹҵ浯ڽ֮ϣĻѪͷ
۳ܵĹףܳʷ̨֮ҡ
һԲϣֿʼնԳãͬгӡ
ʱһӰ߽С
ŮͷڣһĹװ
ɫĹװŻ͸һ˿ׯϣȹ֮ϣһֻ֯͵ķˣȹ΢΢ζ·ʱߡ
߽ƺãĹһЩ
һȺ˳ͷ󣬿Ů߽ڵõһ˿ϢᣬϷʵ𣿡
һ˵֣Ϊһ빦ģϴķݣΪѣץλɱʹ֣͢һҪúõĽǡ
֮ϣ˶ݵİ
֮ǰʹķ̣Щôĺͳص⽻ס
ҿǳʹڧĳ͢ŵжΡ
ӣһֱΪǰƵģû뵽ıˡ
һʱ䣬ݵ顣
ʹ̰֮󣬴ĺͳ˳ǩһϵлݻԼ
˿νһ֮Ϊ͢Ϊشʧйڽɽй𢣬Ͳܼν
˵Ŀ⣬˵İ
ûע⵽վڴǰһӰ˰ʱĿ΢⡣
ʵŶǺ˴󹦣ҪͣһҪͣ
̧ͷ˵ػ֣ŵ
һ仰ôڶݵİֿʼ

ķݣߣƺһλӡ
û뵽Ȼ˵Ķӡ
º˵Ķӣƺ鲻ǳ

ķݲ鰸ĹԱȷߣһλӳ֡
δ飬˹йŮһãϵͬһ㡣
ֻû뵽˾ȻĶӡ
˵Ҳ֡
һ˶ռ״Ԫǰ޹ˣߡ
Ķӣôƽ֮
Ȩʷ˭Ҳ˭ĳ֣ȴٴηת
λʷ˵ȻڶԳ͢д󹦣Թȥͽ꣬ǧΣ
ͽ꣬ǧ֮ص̷ˡ
ô˵ʱס
ٺһǲ޷ҵɱ˳쾭壬ƽµ𾢣ôͲ˵ˣ
һʷǰʵɱ˳쾭壬ٺ˵úãôʣ֮ӰǰҲɱˣ𣿡
һȨ󷴲ȵ͵ƣһɱ֮ôʷȵۣ
ٿûô˵
ҿ˼
㲻ҪѪˣ
ȵ۵ģ

û˵䣬ֳ
γһֵֺľ档
Ȩƴάɷãʷ̨ڹԱҪǵ
쳹׷˹
ȨǸߺɱ˳ʷһΪɱ
֪ģΪô˰塣
ǳף˰Ĺؼʵ
˶ӵҪдĶҲóһƣǴ¼Ҳ׵
ݵʱ򣬴ߵǰԷ˵飬ܹ⣬˶岻á
ľٶðٹЩп
ЩƫĿá
飬վǱߵġ
˵λУҲȷûмӣֶº͵һ
ȴҲû뵽ȻԸΪ˾ĶӣΣȥһλ
֮ϣ¶֮ɫڶС˵ʲô
Ϊ̫ԶټϴСݡ
Ѳ²⣬Źŵ
¶֮ɫߣС˵ôӣһûʲôһˣλǼҵģôһӣ£ɱȫң
һһɺᴩ塣
ĿŴ
ʵ񣬶ԷȻðı飬˵ȲпĻ
˱ȭ߻شϷ
һĻȻðٹٸǸп
ڵȻȨҲ
ǴպλԴĳ谮ɾһ֮£֮ˡ
ǸʱãǻΪһá
߻ش֮ϣεķ֣ྲ
֮ϣ𽥰
ʵʲô˵
ɫ԰ףھһ֮󣬵ͷ˵޷䷸๼ˡ

ʲô
˵ʲô
ԵһȨ㶣׷׿ڡ
̬ȵǰת䣬ҲʹóΪȡ
ĪǴŵʲôô
ɱ֮𣬲졣
Ǵŵ޴ĺôôưոݣ
ٺȻ㡭
Ҳ˵ˣڳ֮ϣҪͳһھһ¶
ȨϲƣĶӷɣҪȻ´ģܾǵĶˡ
սȻȽˣ
ͷһԲ
û뵽ƵĴȻҲ˺һ档
£һ
Ȼࡣ
һλڴȨ㣬ҪԸĻᱻ塣
о仰˵û
ĶӺܶ࣬һλȻܹȥٻꡣ
ǴҪɱܿľûˡ
ʧȥӵı˺ͷŭһ仰ͳ嵭Ӱ١
֮ϣĵ˵ͷ˵޷ףñȥʧȥӵķϣͲ׷ˣӲϣٺһ꣬ʾͽ䣬ŵ䷸Գ͢й֣Ͳ
δ˵꣬ͱϡ
£ǹǹˣ
Ҳ̫ƫ̻ˣ
£Ǿͬ⣡

Ȼ֪ŵʲôôȻڹؼʱˮĵȨȴɲӦ
ǵԺô죿
ЩȨǣʮԼõĵԡ
Եİɷ£ļҲˣ
üģò˵ŵεĻģЩ
֪ЩȨҲưոݡ
һжԤ֮С
Уһöơ
Ȼأ£Ҳûиõİ취ˡ
ָո쵽һ룬ͣ
һݵӰ߽С
ĽŲᣬÿһ£֮ϵСϼ֡
ȵߵǰ棬Ѿװš
ֻһλҪֶ֮ãܳҡ
ǸղŻߵȨǣ˿Ҳ׷ױ죬ѻȸ
˶ں棬׻δ£
ǷӣȫԼĵλ
Ϊ˶ӣλΪƽ
û˾ڶѡЩ꣬Ϊڵλã֪˶ǿУв֪ж
ʧȥڵȨƣԼĶӣֻĸҡ
ʣղǴ䣬õȵգǸӶˣȫúʬͷ
δһԣֻǴȡһ
л¹ٴнӹߵϷʸ
֮ʱɫ䡣
ƣ
óģȻһƣ
ôƵģ
ӹƣĿٴ·ʵ֮ŵɱ֮䣬ɵն˱ͣƾƣȥһͷţλ顭
һΣһƬ
Ȩǣû˿ڡ
Ͼƿȥ췴ı֮κǳ͢ûκĹʶ
ôǼأ
˭Ҫ˵ƲȨǵһƴ
ڸղţȨǻǿƵĺϷԡ
ܲǰìܡ
ֻǡ
ģȨǡ
ǵ˱ɱʱܾﲻζ
ȨûҪһƵα
ǵϣơ
һǴҲȲ
ÿһƵãʮϸ֤ûüٵƭ͢
û뵽Ѿʮûа䲼Ƶı£Ϊ
ڱеĵλ˵Ԥ֮ϡ
һƬĬ
ȨǶû飬ȻС
ЩȨǣԳ͢ûκιף¶𣬶ûܵʹ
˼ҴĶӣʵʵڵйڳ͢йڽɽ
̲£µȲǷһ顣
˵ﶼһ˳ӡ
˭˭ǣжۡ
һᣬû˿ڣһӣ˵Ȼûʲô飬˰͵Ϊֹ
һתϸֳһ˿ɫ˵˵ˣ˵˵һӣմ֮ӣڳ̣̿ͼֱſһ㶼͢̲ݷ飬ṩ̿ߣǧṩ̿׼ߣ
ٹٿǰλãһλһĿɫ
һԴһǴ̿͵Դѵǽ
ǽģҲûô󰡣
Ҳ֪׹󣬴ĲùӵӣܼӣܼӰ
Ȼǻ飬Ȼͷϣʱ򣬻ǲҪùͷ
ǶԴˣҲû顣
˵˵»ƫ̫ˡ
˶ӣȰ˼ҲҪ׷
Ķ̣˶ûܣɱˣ׷ɱ֡
ôصͽ𣬿¾ʦ̲ס
ĶǶӣĶӣʲôèè
ʱٴ˵һ飬ķһŵ´󹦣Ϊ͢شʧййͣĹѾƵֹˣĹôͣͲˣ񲿺ͻȥԼ˵ƫ̻
һɫ
ͽˣʹͻٳѪ
ҲΡ
ƫ̻װ׵дϣооݣûκεԷ
յĳᣬҲԲˡ
ȨһһԼԵƵĿͷ
ʷЩϧȵ˾ȵˣȻ
Ǻô꣬һûռκκô
ǿһ֣ǱûŽ鶷
ֵܣӱ
պ󣬳»ˡ
ٹɢȥ֮ϣֻʣˡ
¶ЦݣЩһг֮һ涼ѡ
ʲһöƣɼڸеĵλ
뵱꣬ĸһλͨŮ
֮󣬲
Ļȣ˻ӵݣʲôûС
Щ꣬Ϊн֮
ӣȻϲּ
ղǿƣѾˣȻ뵽ʲôüͷõ˻ʲô˼˵𣬱ﻹһƣôȥ򸸻Ҫôѵ㵣ı㣬о𡭡


97 ı
ûüһʱϻ̲
̲εʱ򣬿ŵڵ˺ü㱻֮ϡ
һλƯŮվڴߣеӡ
ʵŵǲԸ鷳˼ҵġ
Сɨη֮󣬷ŵϱҧ˺üȷá
ŵ֣صĸѾҵѾˣȴ
ŵֲҲȥˡ
ͷ֣С￴ȴһ
ϴβиеķʽ
ȻȻȵ㺹죬ȴǿĵġ
үûиߣ˵ûΪϴεǺ
ղŴŮʱѾ˵ˣүΪɱһλӯȨӵܣűص̲εġ
ү֮࣬ҲΪġ
֪͢ô
ŵĴϣҲ˼⡣
ô붼ûá
ڣŵҲڡ
룬ڻǰѾߵķ
һΪһ߱ʬ塣
ȣ
һԵŵӴһӰվη档
עĿģһķڣ׺ˣ鱦գɫʯӳҫĿ
һɫװýƯͼȹϵһֻˣҪϷɳһ
ŵʶλһĹ
ֱƳװģĹҵؿڡ
Ŷ
ѽ
һ·ŵϲˡ
Ҳܹƽʱ̲Ʒż򵥵βǰһġ֣ʮĽ磬ŵѾϰˡ
ȻһͷһŶׯĳǰ˭˭¡
һԵ̲Ա˵š
̲Աʾ£ţ߽ŵ߰ɡ
ŵʵȥģ
һۣ˵ȻǻؼҰô̲Ĵסˣ
һ۾ͺԡ
ϤĹֻˡ
Ƭ̺ŵ̲߳ΣĿУѾ֪˸ղŴϷ顣
̧ͷͷգвɸп
˷û취ͨɵ;Ʋ
ȴɱ
ħá
Щҵ˵Ϊķݵİӣ־ҵڻ㣬û뵽ջǿһơ
ԴˣŵҲû취˵ʲô
ǼӣʵǲԸ¶ġ
ʲôûأ˰˰λľߣֻΪҪ
λﾳɱʦˣҲ濴
ֻΪĶӣ˺޲ýʬΣεҪ
Ϊնɱλ޹İա
ҪʹĻ˶ǺֻһλڰǿС
ҲϾһƬġ
ʱҲûбİ취
ŵ԰˱ȭ˵л¡
û˵ԵĻһۡ
ŵվ̲Ժ
ŵڶ̲ȴ͵һεĸоȻͬ
ȷе˵һûʲôо
Ǹʱû뾳
뾳̲֮оͲһˡ
ŵܹ̲ܵĺܶϣɢһϤϢ
̲Щ죬Ǵ߹ŵĸо
Ȼû뾳Ѿ˷ҵϢ˱С
ŵվ̲Ժ
·̲΢Цʾ⡣
һЩ죬ᰵжĴָ
ŵǸֳһ˿Ц⣬˵ô̲ɣԺ϶ȥаˣҪҪ̲Ȼǲа㣬ҺúУڣڶûġ
ŵ˰֣˵ˡ
һ£ȷŵʲô
ŵ޷ˡ
һµķңѾûһʼĲ
ղڳ֮ϣȨƴҪ
ʷǿǿͬ޷ҵķϣĵͽ꣬ǧ
Լллǡ
ơ
´οɾûˡ
ϣŵ˯òȡ
η̫࣬ҹҧ˺ܶΣǬ಻˯ˡ
űӣ˼á
ΪĵһĶӣܻڱͲס
ͷĴɱɱֵʵһαһǿһαһΣա
ôõһӾûˡ
һ֮ڣΣ
˵ǰ˵ټ
ЩΪ룬ԿȻķǰ
ֻúûš
Ȼŵô˵𾪵Ϊʲô
ŵ̾Ϣ޷̫ѣҲ̫ˡ
׵ĳ̫࣬޷ҹȻܹΪԱ
֮;ȴأκһΣա
òѼ֤ݣҪһλ۵ɱ˷û취ͨϷֶΡ
̣ٵơ
ֶ֮࣬Ҫһλɱ˷ķʽԼҲɱ˷
ŵʵûʲôرߵ룬ϱӹͶòһΣαٻôۣ
һԼСңһλƯţɰĺӣĹһӡ
ʲôûҪ
ЩԣֻԽԽࡣ
Լǿ̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ɡ
ʳ뱧ӵĴȡ
ӵ츳ôߣе飬Ŭɡ
޵徳ճͺˡ
ô㣬ŵҲͦϲճġ
Ҫþһ㣬ҲԲº͵İ취
ССֻξÿСӣճףȻ˵㣬Ҳȥ
ŵһǷϵӣһı˰ɣ
һʼ޷ҵʱУҲһɹ
æ𰡣Ӻɷôһ۾ͷɱһ͸ﷸ𣬶ٷǰɹһ飬ɷ޵͢ܣеʲô
ŵʵЩǰĽأ
һ㶣
зǰôǼȨȺˡ
ŵͬ
ֶʲô
вУһðȰ
ץŵĸ첲ĵȰǲȨǣǶ˰ɣɣ̲Ҳ鰸Ҷõ㰸Ӹ㣬ȻΪһ㣬Ҳùޣ
ŵû˵
̲߳ʱܼҵѾȴˡ
ŵ߳Ц˵үȥһ˴˵ˣҪΪүӷϴ
ԣҲһʱ˵Ҳȥûȥˣĳӣջ
ĳչȻŵ
һΪ˷ұ
ΪԼ
Ϊ³ҵԭԸ޷ҵˣѾԽԽˡ
ȥҳ׶ϾУ顣
ò׳һǰ;ˣҲ޷ˣԺӣжį
ڹ˽ȰȰ
룬ŵһҪȥġ
Ǵڻ̲š
ȷбҪȥлһ˼ҡ
ŵҪȻУĿ̲档
һС̯
һľһƾɵ顰㡱ģС̯ȫ
һ׺ӵߣһλʮŮ
һһֵϣŵһЩ档
֮ȷһңΪҡ
ҵĴˣ٣亱
ƽڽͷˣٷ֮ʮŵžŶǽƭӡ
ңͨռһ̶ȵס
ѡʱ򣬿ŵľ
ʱ򣬳ţҽţͬѡ񣬶һﲻͬơ
СһսһսҲͨ㣬ǰ
ȻԽǸӵľ棬ҪԽΪ
⣬ǻһֺı졣
֮⣬ǻԼؼı˵
һаŵ
һ彡޲ֵˣָһ㣬˵ڱһΪĳԭ
߹һλ·ˣ˵꣬;Իꡣ
ΪľҵԤҲԽԽ׼
ңԽ˵ʱ䣬׼ʱ̡
ڤڤ֮Уƺһжע
էһֻ棬ϸ˼ȴֲ
˵ôܹԤأ
һ˴һ̿ʼѾд˽֣ʲôӰ֡
Ϊ˸ıˣһŬҲд֮ڡ
ֻۣҪ룬ͻһľ
˵ҲǾԲܸı䣬ˣ֮١
ӹŵǶҶη塣
һԴԹη壬ҪԶԶҵĿ־塣
鼮мأ߾ң԰ת˵
߾Һ٣֪ʲôԭһͻƵ߾ͻں̵ܶʱҴǷ
ձΪΪй¶̫ܵǴ
͵ҵ˸٣ңҲ𽥷˴˵
ΪԼϵ̫棬ŵ㲻ʲôߡ
飬Ǻѽܡ
ϾҪѾעˣǡ䡷ϵʲô
ÿæǰæƴԼʲô壿
ŵڻɣ̯󣬰׺Ҳڻɡ
⼸ʮУôԽԽˣ
ǰλṫӵаϡ
Ź죬ֻʣ²ˣ
ôôֵ
һǵһ
ᶨĵģʼ˲ȵ
ƽһһ㡣
ľ֮£ָٶ˲Ӱ
Ƭֹ̺ͣϵĶ
Ǻǡ
¶֮ɫ
һ㣬ȸղֶ¡
һζԼҴѧ˻ɡ
ķ֮£Խ桰㡱ӣԽ÷̣վһŽ֮ߵŭ㣬㣬ĸ
ŭ֮࣬ҲӿֳЩ־塣
߾ҷ֮ǶԱѧɡ
ǣΪԶһ
ʱ
̲
ĳ÷֮ڣһλһݾϸ¹ӡߣʲôɽɷǱɽ˹
̲֮⡣
ոŵ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һʮ졣

ϵ֣ոһ졣
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôӳôá
Ȼɱľɱָ֣һӳɡ
ŵ˼ʱλ̲Ĳ죬һѺ񣬽̲֮ǽϣǴɱɽɷ
ŵƺʲô
ĪǣּķˣҪ̲֮󣬲Ч
˵ǿϳٲƱġ
ʱ̲Ͳˡ
ϧû
ŵƿᡣ
һѾˣͬһߡ
Ŀռ䱾ЩСŵֻǶ档
ƽʱӣʵҲģȻǵĹϵѾͬҲ׽ͬһߡ
Щ⡣
Ϊеڡ
˶ԣǷޣӦͬһߡ
ȻֻһλѣҲûҪộǡ
Ӻ͹¶һһˣӹɵġ
ÿ˵ֻ˵ݣǧ
ǲһ𣬸˵ĸоͲǻݣֻСˡ
ŵĳܲȻ
ȻⲻӵĴκһλŮӣ͹²᲻Ȼ
ŵӼܰĥ˵ӣ߰ɡ
ŵ£μ˱һʱ任λãһ
ûʲô仯ȴ˿


98 
ŶŮӣμ˵֣Ȼ
Ϊŵ
Ҫѧȴ֪û츳βת޷ҡ
Ƕʱ䣬ûٴӱ˿˵λ츳׿ţлãбԹĲ
ܳһʱ֮ڣλŮӻһּ֮ġ
ֱת޷ҺΪѸ٣Ȼ
û뵽ǣ˾ȻҲͬһʱ
Ѿˣȴûʽʶ
˫ֽС΢΢ף
μ˱μˡ
౨֮˾ûκνˡ
μ˿ڳϣĿ
򳵴⣬Ŀ롣
˾þõİ
ŵӣֿ
ӵĻͲ࣬ǰǻеĻ죬ȻҲĲ˵װ˸䡣
Ҫֻ֪ŵһʱᶼŵ
Ů˱Ϻ֮ܿ£ȴǿⱣֵľǧ֮롣
ŵʲôֵġ
һɽݶοֻĸϻ
ʮͣһľһҵľ
Ů֮У̳е̳Ҳŵİ˭Ҳ˭
ŵˡ
֪濴羰Ҳ﷢Ҫá
ڴ̲ԶӵĹͻͣ£ܼүٷˣˡ
ŵλã֮Ŵ
ǰô
ʱ˫ȴɵһЩڵϡ
μ˺һһҷס
վˣɿ֡
μɷĸ첲
ŵͷԼ˫ȣܼ˵弫͸֧Ҫһʱ
컹ûʲôоһʶȷ͸֧
ŵ̧ͷһ۾ͱߴ𺳡
μҶǸŴˣĴȣȴĲֹһ㡣
ո߽һλŽµ˾ӭ
ĸߴ΢֣ϵЦݺǺơ
˵㣬ϡԿʱӦҲһλӢС
֪ǲӿźͰԭȻǵһμ棬˸ŵĸоͺС
˿첽ǰ´ŵвס˵̫ˣʱ򣬼ֱһģӿ̳ġ
ŵǵһô˵ȻǰλƵˣǴˡ
ε飬˴վԭأԴһ񣬡ŵ¡
˻֣˵ʲô£Ŷ֣ˣСʱǽҲģұʱ㻹һ򡭡
ӵ棬˵ֳ£ŵ΢졣
Сʱһŵ顣
˵䣬Ŀμˣ̾վһ𣬶ô䣬ֱһԣ֮ǰǲٰģͬ⣬һҲôһδ飬綼û죬ôպˣֱ񻰡
˵˵ţ¶֮ɫ˵˰ʲôã̫ˣһȤûС
ŵļ˵ԺǲһһƯƯģȫĽ
Ĵŵֻܵлл
¶Цݣ˵ŶǷ޾͵ԼңǧҪ
ǣŵ֣˵վˣɣϯѾ׼ˡ
վŵߣԴ˸˵֡
ѾתĴֻعͷʲôʱģ
ºÿüͷˡ֣һֱվֵֻĿ⣬ûͣ
ЦЦ˵ȻˣǾһɡ
һ˴һĵĳȣһĴڣһžϣѾ˸ζȡ
ʵеǷֲơ
һµᣬһһСһݷˡ
ֻڼͥۻʱ򣬲ŻͬһϳԷ
ŵֻŵЩ˵ζ͸оϤ
˵ζһޡ
ܿŵʶĳӣпܾǴ͵ġ
ȷе˵ûʲôǴ͵ġ
һԴ˵֣ôĺóӣһ¡
᲻õģĳȻ࣬ûжģÿһλӣԼóķ档
еó㣬еóȲˣеọ́˾ɲʽ˾ڱɲʽһ
ڴΪŵ˵Ҳþܾһص֮ڿڵðɺðɣ˵ãֻܸһλ
һλѾˣæͷã
ŵ۴û˵
ǵûĻʳҵĳӣλλţרȲ˵ģר˵ģרġ
˵䣬һλĹӣ߽˴
ڵʱ΢΢һ
תܣȴѾˡ
һţûŸʲô˰
˿һСʼùá
ŵȻʶһ⡣
ԼĸһǴãҲһģдǲҲýùã
ֲǻʼҵˣǸ۸ĺá
˶й󣬴ָŵμ˽ܵλĶӣӣСʱڿܲʶˡ
㶣ع̶֮ŵμ˵ܺãúá
ŵҲ˱ȭֺá
ǰ֮ˣȻǴĶӣڣӦƺΪӡ
˼ҼȻѾôˣҲֻû֮ƥĳƺ
ķˣ˵°ɣ߳Ա˵һȲ˾Ͳóˡ
һųھͷλϤҲĵһλãҪڴһۡ
Сӣʲôɫȥ㰲ùߡ
ҲʶʲôѾһƨ̧ʵʵ˳һĽ䡣
ŵߣμȻŵ¡
ŵбλһǸ񣬶ԷЦЦȻ⡣
ӣЦЦ˵һˣÿɶɡ
Լȼ˿ڲˣŵҲ̶ꡣ
һ£Щʵ˻֣ղڴϣ׺˵ʲôΪʲôȻͲˣ
ЦЦ˵ҲûʲôֻǸŵֶ£ɱȫҡ
ŵһڹƻûȥЩ˳
û뵽һͰ˵ɱȫֻ
治Ǹ׵Ѱ
Ƴ˴һۣһ
ڨڨһЦ˵˰޷ҵˣ;ɱһˣɱȫҵġ
Էʱ֡
γĶԱȡ
ŵ͸׳Էʱ˶ǲ˵ġ
ҲڣǾ˶˵
ڴȴõ䳡
ùŵ˿⣬˵Ƶ²ˣζܲҲģæֻ˸ȥˡ
ܱرĲˣζȻһ㡣
ζʮŵӳԹóԵˣŵߵҲһ顣
Ƿ򸾺ӣϵЦݸӿˡ
ڴһٷԵļ件֡
Ļ࣬ĻҲ١
ŵǿǿ
ϲ˵ģܱȶԷĬ
죬ҲܸǵĽࡣ
ղϣָܱ䣬˴ĻϻӾʹˡ
μʼնĳԷŵһ߳Էһ߻ܺ䡣
ʣǷûдڸеһһֱͷǬʼû˵һ仰ǳԵķࡣ
ŵѾ֮ţ֮ǰܵİӣȸո뾳ķҵӻҪǿϲ١
ܸܵʵϣҲһ
ҲǷңͲ֪޵ʲôˡ
󣬴ˣֶһЩˮ
ݵϯƬ̣Ƭ̺һεĽ
еݸŵ˵Ǵʱ򣬱ģûգˣ£͵ǳ»񡭡
ڴģ򿪱͵ҳĵĳޣڡ
ԽǹصԽҪ򿪡
ŵ֪͵һͬѰ򿪽֮󣬿ĶǱϹۡ

֮Уһ
ǳɫΪ侫׹ʯڹߵ£ҫ貵Ĺâ
ŵ
ϵбʯһ˿ɫ覴ãÿһſ¶ֵǡ
ıʯҲжʮϡ
ŵ֪֮ģҪ
ΪܳĹʲôıûڿʱҲֳ֮ɫ
ŵ˼ûн飬Ǭ˵лл
һЦŵļ˵úúãɱˬˣϲˬˣÿαʲôĵġ
ŵеݸμˣȻ͸ġ
˵˵ǳʺ
ȻƽʱôΣŵƶһÿ
μԥһ˲ֽӹ֮л¡
˰֣ЦллⱾǸ׼ġ
˵ִ꣬ӻһӲӵӣֵݸŵ˵ղŵǸӵģǸġ
ƣʵԭǸŵġ
ڳϵôˣһõ
ڿиڣӣòˡ
Ҫûƶһ
ҪɱҲס
ŵֽӹͦأƺǽġ
ӦֵǮ
ȵȡ
ŵƷһ棬ӵһ̣︡һ棬һġ⡱֡
ŵֶһ£⣬ưɣ
̧ͷһۣѾŴ˺͡
ŵβҿˣæƵݻȥ˵ⲻС
û˵꣬ʹĻ˵ŰɣҲûʲôãҪԺ˭Ҫ۸㣬ùǣɱɱõˣ´βٸһ
Ȼͣȴ˲ɵζ
ŵݳٴεлл
Ƭ̺ŵμ߳
ǳţϵŵ˻֣ЦԺǵó
ԶȥЦɣ૵ĶӲɵˣð
˿վߵˣʵôǲǾõ͵ˣ
ҡͷزأǴдصﶼӦõġ
ļ˵֪ͺã壬ͱЩ岮ǿеʣˣݶ飬ɲ
һЦ
Щ״С˵ôô
ԣǸ׽δ׼ԼΨһһ͸ǣҲûʲôöʼɵġ
Ϊϰˡ
ػɣŮ׻޹ȥ
ϺȻֳһ˿ź˵Ҫλͺˡ

ʱθ֮ϡ
ŵӣڶ棬ﱧһС
ֵ˪λϡ
ϲ
Ӿͬ
ϲĶһֱӿҪ
ҪĶ࣬ϲĶҲڣıֺ֣ܿ
ͬôãŵ˽⻹еġ
ŵȥİеĽƣҲϲ
Ϊȥлģû뵽ȥġ
޶ˣһû
£Ǻõеˡ
͸ʱ򳤵ôỳǲǴĶӡ
ŵϸơ
ƣ͢Ʋˣκƾƣһγı췴֮
ò˵˫ıԡ
ʱŵܲ
ԼҲӵһ飬ǵʲôĸܡ
ƣƲãȫͬ¡
ڳϣһɨղŵǷϡ
Լˡ
֡
Ӿڶ档
İȫУĪڴˡ


99 ҥ
ŵصμʱθſվˡ
󲮶壬ˣһĶڣϷ˶ˡ
û취һͱĵճӣҲɹĽͱһ
֪Ϣ󣬴쿪ʼθһҹδߡ
ŵվȺ֮󣬿Ŀ⣬ͬʥ
û뵽ʼһССͻȻᷢչĽ֡
ˣ÷ȴһ¶ûУĻصθ
һ̣жĳݣѴ۷塣
ֱŵμ˻صθθһҹĽŸΣУˡ
褸ŵ߽СԺµ˵ͼ˶һҹδ飬ˡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶡
죬ûл
ɵ𣬽뿪ôʱſŵһζ
ֻǾζôá
ѵηһҹ
ŵμһۣμ˲δʲô
ȻмľĻ棬ġ
صСԺ֮ŵʯԣ˼
ƾ֮ԺУһЩģļƬΡ
һЩİļƬΡ
ȻЩУ󲿷ֶֻһƬССգҷζ
ҲһЩ飬һЩˣ˼̡
̵ģȻܼˡ
Сᴩŵ䡣
ЩУǲ䷳һЩɵϷʱŵȻ̾Ϣ
ЩģļУڸ׵Ӱûж١
ŵСʱͺæµûʲôҲŵʼ׽ԭ֮һ
ŵͷ˿һơ
Ȼ֮Ľ࣬ȴؼʱ֡
ļУһλλˣλڴ׵ʱ򣬻˯Ưˡ
ŵ򷿼һۣӴûк˵顣
Ҳûʲôֵġ
ηһҹ飬ҲûиԼ
⣬ΪҲһμ䣬ڴϣһӰڴߣƷؿϡ
֮ŵʲô֪ˡ
ϡƺһֻͨƣ塣
ʱСѾֵ߳ɱĻ档
ŵһֱΪΪĵԭȵꡣ
ڿƺ֮ǰԭȵŵѾˡ
ܲκˣϢǱɭϵɱرĴ֮ӣԷʵǿ󵽲˼顣
̶̵һ£Ѿ֪˶ٴɱ
ܳɹĻʮ꣬ò˵һ漣
ŵϵһ豭Ų豭Ͽա
ҳʵǿôһԱ֮õڽϣԶԶһǱȻͱһ
͸ЩǿĳȣʵԶԶĲ
Ľȴˡ
վԺһĻȵŴͣʵŵ磬ʲô򣬺
ʵҲǿŻˣ֪ģΪﾳ
ʵֻǷҳĽﾳԶǶԸĽҲǺֻǿ߱һЩ֮
ŵҪ˵ʲôͼĽɵշһͷ֮󣬻˳һƯ档
ѧˣİű͵ֱ˵ķ
͵һ׶ûһʱĿ̿ϰѧġ
ŵӻƻݸ˵ƻһһ
ƻӴûģȻũҸ־֣Ҳ򲻵عƷ֣ζ֭ŵ˳
˵ллŵ硣
ѾѧװĽľ衣
˵ǵģɰһ㣬Цһ㣬Ҫڱ͸֮˵лл
ĽҲһס
һΣûĽҫ
Ľϵǵܾãڻû𴲡
һƻĴͷһƻܵԼרСԺ
Ժ߽֮һ䣬ϥڴϵİŮ˵ʦ㣬ŵһƻһ԰ɣŵˮɺóˣ
ɵĽƻ룬һݸĻŮӣСһԼ
ҧһƻʵʦ㣬˵ģǸŵŮɣ
ŮӵĿ⴩Ļʵˣ
æҡͷûУʦ˵ˣ˭ܸߣҿˣﶼû˵
ŮҧһƻԺиյĳЩ棬Ŀиֳһ˿ɫ
ûκΪȴ˲֮ڣӽľ۷˲ɱɽɷ֮һ
ѧȴҲδĹ
˵ɽɷˣûз֮£Ҳˡ
μǼ˸ʲô˰
ʱθһԺӡ
ŵܼңʵʲôŮ
ܼͷ˵һŶ񣬴ɴŮȻ֪ʲôӣӦò󣬵ʱŻԵү߳ūΪɱֵͬˡ
˼ң
ūû

ܼЩ˼˵ǹССͣȴǵľΪʵٷȻѷɫһЩҲūϹͷƴĹġ
ȭ׳Ϊ£Щϼһܹһ
ҪӲӲĻռơ
Щп˵˿һ򣬼ǰһţҲһλЩһǱ˵ĳиʮģܴﵽһӶ޲ľ硭
ŵιȥ֮һʲô顣
ϧλ·ƽŮڽŵܼ֮һ仰û£ƮȻȥ
˷ȥ
ϣ׻Ǻ˶డ

һգϵȨµգڹעһ顣
֮ӱɱ޲ֳƿ졣
󲿷ԹӵܣѰնûʲôĴ䲻ͬ
ڰǰΪһ׮ӣƵ۵ķ˼⡣
Ȼ֮Ҳڰ˶ӵӡ
񼫵׶֮ͽ˱ӦհнкãһЩСĹٻȨӵܣҲˬѡ
ͨգϳԵĿࡣ
ΪһȺ֮ӱɱ־ͬ߹ҲҪܴĴۡ
û뵽֮ͱͷš
մ֮Ϸ飬ųĽҲ˳ȥ
ǲ鱳壬ֻ֪ˣ˻š
ƺҲûô
ϲȦȴŽȻͬ塣
ЩڳȷѪꡣ
ٹη߸ϵȨǣҲüɵ֡
˭ΪһλȨΨһĶӣڳаԵ仹޷졣
ʮȴûһ¼
ֻӣϾҪˡ
ζҪһӼ̳ľλ
һλȨӣü򵥵һʽĻߵ̨ǰ
֮ŵ
ʮһ𶯳
ӣŵһط

ԴͷҪǿдһλּ
һȺʲôݣ¶ԷղˣҲԿ
ϤȨӵ֪ܶˣ
ּһʱӦºܴܻһʷıꡣ
ӣ޷ȫп档
˭Ҳû뵽Ļ䡣
ȻʹȨӵҲ⡰󡱵ǸʲôطȻȺľλҲװױ˱ˡ
ѰַҪĿԴҪʱ䡣
ֻ졣
󣬶¥һ䣬һλŮܽ˵˽㣬ʦʱ䣬ԤԼ֮ˣ˻ʮļǮӣ׬ˣ
ŮļŮԵʮֵ
վڴǰھϸ޼һɫĵĻ֦ҶӺ󣬽һ߽Żƿ֮ڡ
ŮǰһЦ˵˽㣬⼸仨Ư廨ıԽԽˣ
ŮӽƿһԵĹϣŮٴ˵ˣղ¥λΪһʦܣһӣҹݺһ㣬Ӧô
Ůӵ˾ʹ˰ɣҲȱһӵǮҹݺԿ˿һ㣬ĳƢ˴ĶĲˡ
Ů֮ܿһӰ߽˵˶ˣԺ飬»ᾭЩԼʦߵʱܲˡ
Ůһߵƿл֦λãһ˵ûϵһֱάȥһ£˾ͻʱͲôˡ
ôãڱƲ֮⣬Ҫģ
Ůţλ͵ĹӣȻĸɱ䡣
ǲԶˡ
磬²ǰô޼ɵ
ǰûܹί϶û˯á
ոЩߵҩ˵ˡ
˯ر㡣
ԧ¶֮ɫ˵Ķˣ᲻ὫǨŭǣǳէûվȸţɶһȺ
Ůӵ¶˼֮ɫ
ԧĵģ޵
͵ַʵǱ⣬ڳÿһַȻв׵ıҪȻͻᾭ
ضȨ󣬻ؽĹʧôǰڵһͶ룬ữΪӰ
ǲӦ⵽ЩļǺޣҲѰȵĿȥ
Щ˵ѹ֮⣬һЩͬУҲᰵиʹӡ
һ磬ַ棬Ѿֵֹǻˡ
ԽԺĴԽΣա
ʱΪеЩŮӣһǿĿɽˡ
ʱղλŮܽ˵ԧ㣬λιˣ
ԧ΢΢һЦ˵ιԵƬ̣Ͼ͹ȥ
Ƭ̺Ůӿ뿪ıӰ˼

̲صθһ죬ŵûгš
Ȼɱɱ֣ҲͿˣҪһʱ
ԭҲۣҲûʲôá
ɱ֮󣬳ãǳ׵ȥˡ
εĽ͢ڵĦЩκβԼпܽĿϡ
ȥѿе㲻̫òˡ
̲Ҳͬĵ
ȻΥʡ·گ飬пٴμìܣҲ۽ȥ
һʮң󰸣ʧȥÿ̶Ĳ䡣
ֻܽϣϡ
ÿ£ǻٰᷢӵģı£϶Ʋ˵ģÿֻ֧ƽ⡣
죬˯ǿ飬ԺλҲٽˡ
ϣĽҪȥϹ䣬ŵоöˣҲȥ͸͸
ȻҲǵߡ
ôãŵǵһôС
죬Ӧ磬ȵ죬ҲʱΪƾ׼ˡ
֮ǰŵܼҸ׼һҡ
֮ǰڰл˸죬ֳô飬һûа취š
ʵ֤׼ǶԵġ
ǹ죬İգ顣
Ǹúðȥ궬죬һؤֻǲСŪ½ǣͱ֫ͷ
ôˣڳһλҶЩȨֵġ
ǣҲɱ˭ĶӣֶιȻһݰ
飬Ȼǵÿڶ
ڶҲΪ˵һʼĶǿŮһλ·ƽ
ǵǷǹǺصġ
֮£ŵϣ¶΢΢Цݡ
·ߵһ̯ǻڼۡ
˵ĶӣͰãڳ֮ϣǰԼһ׮øڴġ
ǰɣô˵ķ˹ʵλӵŮˣҪȻôΪһССַȥɱһȺĳӣ
һŭΪգûʲôֵˡ
Ҳһμѻ
ǺͰãǺķ˹ã
ΪʲôҪѡһѵͲȫҪ˹͵͵λգĵλ
˵˼ӵġ
ô˵Ѿ׼ˣ

ŵЦݽϡ
ǣЩ˴Ұ·Ϣ
ʲôʲôһŭΪգʲô׼룡
ƨӵĹϵнһǧòã
ŵתͷվĽߣĽζμ˽͵Щҥԣǧš
һĻתͷ˵ʲôҥԣ飬˵һΣķݣһһϣйŮͬһҹֻɡ
ŵֻ֤찡
Ҫǰ˼룬͹꣡
һҲڵǷ˹ۿڷ˹ķ˺ܾã˹ʱ򣬻һ·
·ʲô
ٺٺ٣Ȼ˺˰

ǹǻ桭

Ļ̌ͷŵʵŵ磬ʲô˺·Ϸ𣿡


100 
ŵ֪ˣʲôҥڻ
ʲôͰã
˲ʶ찡ôˣ
ڳһŭΪաƨǲΪ˱
˭ܻ
ŵ͸ɴķ϶һӣϲûʲô飬ʲôûһ
ģȴһ·
ֱصθ˵СԺڿڵǶϹ˵ģЩûе£š
μ˵ġšһ
ŵ˿ɣӻǽġ
͵ϣķݣֻİӺС
μ΢΢ͷ
ŵ֪Ƕ޷ҵģҵǰ˶㣬ҺչˣǺ顭
λ˹ǲֻһ棬Ϊ褸ͷЩҥԣ̫ˣ
£ܼҴ߽˵ү㡣
ŵ΢΢һ㶣μˣ˵һ̲ʲôӡ
ʱ̲Ʒ߽ĿƳμһۣȡһٱޣݸŵ
ŵ˳ֽӹٱС磬ֺᣬ
ܵٱϴһϤ
֮ǰùպðɣ˱һλʥ˵̺һ˿֮ҲѾ뾳ˣӿԵľµߣƵǵ
ŵеٱޣ¶ȵı顣
ʥˣǵ߾Ĵڣ
Ȼǰڱǿ󣬵Էҵһߵ£Ǹܵ顣
ŵû뵽ⲻ۵ıӣȻôأ֪ԸҲûп˱ȭ˵лˡ
û˵ʲô˻֣˵ˡ
˼ĽŲ΢΢һ٣ͷ˵ˣӽһױ޷ҪȻŴ˱ޣҲӲʲôп˵Լ
ŵμˣμ΢΢ҡͷ˵Ҳ޷
ߵǽͱ޷֮ͨࡣ
ԣֻ˵Ժҽɣ̲£ˡ
ʵ̲ûʲô飬ֻǽɣŵ
ĵϴεһ겻񣬳׷޷ҡ
쿴״̬ƺ
Էġ
ߺܼҿŵеıӣ̲סү¶ðʥ˵ֻзҵܷӳ˵үֻǸո뾳İһޣҲܡ
ŵƳһۣʱ˵
Ȼ֪ӺǣΪǰżչһº󱲣ӦҲܺɣ
ŵǰʵϰʱλǰСҲὫԼıʼǽ
Ϊ϶òˡ
Ϊ뾳ĲŸոպá
ŵűӣЦЦ˵£˻ͦõġ
ȻҲʮ˰֮һȴڷǳŵһ֣ûеôռӶᣬŵܼҸһףһ
ҪȥܼңͿܼȥ
ŵڣٴ˵ү˹㡣
ŵ˿μˣתͷܼң͵ʲôҰæϴҺ˵ʲôѣң޷ҵģ˾ǰԼ
һһӰͿ˽
˹ûдǼջĵװһϮŵ³ȹǻİ˸ʵʵ¶һ㹵֣Ҳŵ˿
Ǽ·ÿֻҵ̫ˣһһˣӿ˻ô룿
᲻ΪֻشԽѣ
ΪϴˢԼϵҥԣŵһڣһ¹Ŀ˹ǲ鷳ˣ
ҡҡͷ΢Ц˵СŮרлӶġ
ŵ˻֣˵֮ͣҳݣ˹ˡ
ϴѾһˣ˳һÿĲ廨˭ҲǷ˭ʵûбҪһΡ
ŵûô졣
˹ᶨ˵Թ˵Ǿ֮ͣ˵ȴĶ飬ǹӳ֣Ѿûǵ֮ˡ
һۡ
ŮӱһЩ߽
ЩŮӣƺʦ
ǵĹͬǶƯ
Ҳܴ
ŵȻɣѡʦǲǶsizeʲôҪ󣬴һȺμңǴѿ
ŵƫͷһۣѾطˡ
˹͵ﶼƽһЩҶ˿ȡ
ЩƷļ۸񣬵͵мǮӵģߵҲɴǧͨ˼ңȨţǵŰݷʱ
Щİװǵļ۸񲻻ˡ
ӣĻϰ˵㲻ʲô
ʦ༸ӣֻ֧裬ʲô׬ˡ
˼ģӦƿ廨
бضоڲ廨֮ĸˣƿ廨ɶ칤ɫʺͲֶӽ
Ȼʧȥ˻滭һ飬ƺҲļõ
ŵȷţ廨ˣһҲͨ
ʱ˹ִӻȡһöƣ˫ֵݸŵ˵ö蹫ӣκƾƣʱ裬һӦƲˣҲṩ
ҲһƣǷ¥ģ˵ҲֻѴۣѡ
˹飬Ըߣ裬ѳԷⲻǰ
褣Ȥ
ŵƴǣ⿴۷ſڣ˵ҶֵһϲͨҲϲ裬ƹﻹջȥɡ
Ѿ͵ˣжĻҲѾ˵ˣŵŷ˹˵߻Щ飬ͲԷˡ
˼ѾŮֻöʩһ˵СŮӾȸˡ
֮ǰöƷԺڵʯϡ
˹ߺŵƿ廨߽䡣
μԿ飬ŵһ軨ϣ˵ӣϴҵ˼ɲٽ̽ҡ
μ۾ûдƿˣ´ΰɡ

Ƭ̺ŵ߳䣬޹̾˿
ǣ˭ҥ
֪֪ҥԵΣж
ӵĹϵòײŽչһ¿ɺãһСֱԭˡ
ֻǳȥ˻֣ڵô飬ûоۡ
һľߣ
ô׾ӵĽڣȻˡ
ŵû̸ȻûжٺŮӵľ顣
ѵҪһٰ
ǲ
죬ȴû쵽ĵز
ң֮䣬Ӧ໥εġ
һЩ׵ҥԶѣý͵ˣⶼţ˵֮ζûС
Ȼˣĵĺ
ŵ飬һйؿƾٵ飬Ժ￴
ںӣԼҪ
ͬʱ
˹Ѿ߳θš
ߵһ»Сԣƿ̤ڵǰһ̣΢΢ƫͷĿĳһۡ
˽ӣ޵ϣֳһ˿޵Цݡ
ǰĽֽǣǻѾõӰ½ȥ
ʱദ㴫֮
ĳȨۡ
ԾȻģ
˹ĸˡ
ۿθ
һլȥǰҫ
ǵõϿɣ
λҵͦȵģҼҵĶʸ
һ֮ϡ
ȻŵŮˣòԩ
û뵽󣬾Ȼ˱ЩֶΣܶˡ
ǱȥĿˡ
˸ƨҪҪһȺб

̶ʱ䣬ʹС
ǴڵģȥˣȻմ֣вٹˡ
˶ĵطҲ׷ͻ
ǰգ֮ڣΪʦŹ¼
ǰʼ¼Ҳûз
֪ﴫϢĸǴ֮ӵŮˡ
֮Իɱ䣬ΪŮһơ
飬Уޡ
ΪͷʢĶ¹ûԸ⼤ŭλ޷
һȺճӱһͱȴһ鶼ûУڶͱͷš
ǵıȵùһȺ
Ŀ˱ùˣ˵֮һЩĻϲַ¥ҲϨ˶Ը˼
һŭ˷˹ﱳĽֻҪһ仰ȫ¥ȥ
Ͼĸףǵ䡣
УһλŮСĽˮһλ·ϣæĿڵǸԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
ǹæûϵûϵ·ʪ˵㣬ûʲôġ
һȹȥˣȴƢ
ղаһƽԼ޵˭
˹ˣ
֪˭һһ¥õˣĿ׷ſڡ
һλȣò޵Ůӣ˽
ЩŮĹǣҲɵ̾λ˹ǳټˡ
޳ŮӲ٣ǵУ͸һɷɧζ
ͬЩ޼˹˵ĸо޶ףĶһָ߹ؼ׵ѹܱλӿϡ
֪жѾʼ˼ˡ
ڵ֪λŮ֮󣬼˼Ҳа
˵Ŀע֮£һӰ϶¥
ܹĸܵЩĿı仯
֮ǰЩĹǣ֮Уųֻʣ峺
峺ûаа
Ƕ˵η壬Ȼ˶Լ
ЩûаˡôûУ
ĳǸˣûһȤ
˵һζ˻ɡ
òÿ
Ĳã
òΪѷɫλӡ
ģǺǡ
˲ϲĶˣòڣֺõŮ
벻ͨԼ
ѵϲһͣ
пܡ
ŵĶɫģЩͷۡ
һɫĶûҲôġ
ǡٶһ㰡һҲС
ȻĹǰѧˣ


101 ĽȰ
θ
ŵѾ˸ղŵ飬׳С
ʱľʶһ顣
ƾÿ
ҪĿģΪֻ˳ġ
Ҫľһ㣬ǵõ١
͵͵ͷ¶βаֻ°ѱ
˶û˵
ĵɷȻкܶڸĵطò˵͢ι
ϾǷҵķԴأ֮Уܷ˼Ӱһ
̣ٵȻƽȷʵװ׵дڴɷеġ
ΪĸףҲ޷ı䣬ٲΥɷ
ŵûͨƾ٣ûй͢ţϷ
ȡ˹ֻһССֻҪеֱһ취ûС
Ȼ˶
ҲǴƷߵɾ磬㡾ְأҪŪҵɡ
˭
ԣһĿƾ٣ŵμӡ
ҪμӣһҪù
ڵǣôù
ŵⱾ飬ϸļ˴ĵĿƾƶȣƾٵʷǨԼеƶȡ
ӴʼƾپͿգһ㣬δ
Щʱǳ׷ֿġ
ʱĿʲô֮Уѡһƿԡ
κһ޵⣬ܿнʿ
ѡĿĲͬƽʿᱻڲͬλá
ƵӦ㣬˲ţᱻ䵽ȣһȵģҲãһЩ֮鹤
ؼƽʿ󶼽˱̫µȡ
ؼֿƽʿᱻؼ̫ɣǼ֮¡
ƣר˲š
ƿӣѧãƶȣɷۡҵҲ㷺ͳĹ٣ƣһ̵ľҲΪңǧľš
ŵͦõģس¼ȡררãѧ
Ŀƾ٣𽥺һ¼ȡר˲ţΪ¼ȡȫ˲š
Ⱦٴ룬ƹƽʵ򲻹
ƺƣŴѧơ
˵ȨԼӵȣƶŵѧҪ֪ʶҪԸĿ࣬߸·Ҳڿֲ
ô
ҪѧϰƣҪƥ
ƶѧӣҵһ
ƣֿƣͬҲʦ̵ҴСϰɾ͡
лѵǮǧӼơ
Ƶǿֻ飬ǳ϶ϸļأͰ༴ɡ
дһ£ʵʲһ¡
һƶŵѧӣ㽫ȫĹ죬ôȵùһԱɵĵ
ƣЩҲ˾޴ĸơ
ǰǲ鷨ͻ滭ģܣԼͬҪʦָ
ȻżҪһЩҲҪǮ·ǻ滭
ˮīãīõϣ䰺һļͥѲ
ԭȵĿƾ٣һڵĿԣŲϵĸƣƾԽԽ߶ˣ𽥱ȨרϷ
Ȼûдһжˡ
ƾٸƶѧӼʧȥ˽ͨһ㣬ӿƾٵܿˡ
ʮǰÿԿƾʮϡ
죬ȴֻʮҡ
ԽԽߵż˳ɵѧӣ˿ƾ֮⡣
˵ԺÿҲ¼ȡһЩʳڵƶӵܣṩѧϰյ
ڼ£Ҫ֮ڣ׷ϱʮĻۣһѵ顣
ŵӦңȨ֮ҡ
ҪȻпƾ֮ģҲûвΪṩѧϰյ
ʽμӿƾ֮ǰһ顣
ĳһԺ
ֻڳ͢ǼԺԺѧӣвμӿƾٵʸ
Ժÿ궼йԣ¼һѧ
Ѿˣһڿƾ֮
ŵ˵⡣
ŵе飬ߵθĽ׼Ŀҡ
ԺλѾˡ
飬鷳ףԼԺ
ѧγ̣ŵ˳һ䡣
¶ϲɫʵСͬȥԺѧˣ
ŵҡҡͷȥѧѧ

λԣ鶼ޱȻ
ԺѧһһͽͽȫθĿΣ˭б½˭ҽ
δظҽ
ŵ͵μһĿƾ٣ԺĻȥԺʡ
㣬㣡
СԺԺҡ
ûʲôģҪǸҲͬ⣬Ϸ鳯͢Ժְ֮

λعȻҲͬˡ
С˽ףԼѧ򣬺ޱĴǣκλر
СС󶼲ܴӦﻹĿΣ
ȻҪμӿƾ٣
ĸո׼͢飬ƽССĸƣԭͲ䣬һСѧѧȥԱΪ͢ѡѧ˲š
ƣȻҪСġ
Ҫ⣬Ƕһ顣
һֵֵ٣Լ⿼Լ
ƺЩ̫ðɡ
ȥԺ飬ôˡ
λߺһӰ߽ҡ
Դӱŵ˶ѧȤ֮ÿһλΣμ˶һ
ǰһָľϵʽʵﵽôõģ
ŵʮĵΪ⣬ֱŪ
첻һ
ŵҲû˵ˣ´ٽɡ

ŵ˯ò̫á
ΪӲߡ
ȥĽ˯ˡ
ŵ֪ΪԼûи⡣
һ˯һ˯ɣ飬һ˴š
ԭ⣬粽á
ˣ´λãûƾʲôί
ϴΪ˸󶼿ˣ濴ÿĶһʱû͸ȴĲΡ
ˡ
ŵ飬֮һ˳緹ʼΪĿƾ滮
ƾٿƣΪ֡
飬
֣䡣
УǰĿƣֻе֪ʶܻòĳɼǿԶġ
ҪµĴϰٳɣİ취
ɫ⼸ĿѲǷ֤ݣȻͽΣֻǹؼ죬ֻҪڷϵС
ǰУҲѧһ֣Ƕ˶硣
ҲһƿģҪǸֳµֻ̣Ҫ񡷡񡷡񡷡񡷡屾鱳һ㲻̫⡣
ʵھòգҸɣѶͽȥ졣
Աɣ񲿸ʵµĹԱ񲿣ֻ͢û˱
ŵְɡ͢ڹԱĹ꾡ϸ
Աٵˣϳܵһĳͷ
ֻⷽ͢ץĲϣԱȻҲɢһЩҪеǺϷɽͽȥظ졣
ŵڻڷ״̬ʱ򣬻븸װæ
ƺƻ㶨ˣҪһ㡣
һռأֿϸΪ鷨滭ɷ¡
鷨йȻĻ񣬵ʱһܶһ鷨һ־ƮݵСûܱȡ
˵ֱ壬˵㣬ƾҲû涨á
ʵڲУץλ鷨ʦˡ
ڻ滭׿ĻӦҲ
ɷŵǿƾٵ⣬ֻҪɣһƳĿܺС
һ¡
һСƣֻÿдһʫʣ⣬дҲܳ
ʫֻռµһС֣ۣ֮ء
漰ʱؼؼؼʷǿιҪҪӵȫļʶý֮䵽ֽϣдŽص¡
ɲһһϦĹ򣬲룬϶ý䡣
˵ףҲֻǸͨˣûбô۵츳
ҡ
˭츳ֻҪǷˣ츳
ƾƣÿһƶһȴԵ㡣
⼸ƾٵĿ٣Ҳʮ˲μӣһ̫пܱ˼¶ľš
ŵĥһ
Ҫһʧȥ˰æ
һϽƾٵĽʿ
һƾٸеĹԱ϶Ǿͨյĸ֣пֻץһˣܴܡ
ԽǰĽʿķյĿܾԽ
ϾֻǿƾҪ˽ʿҲòЩˡ
йԱڿ֮󣬻ȥϰա
ôѧҵѧȥ߿⣬ºܼġ
ȥˣǺһ
ǣӻս϶Լ
ʵڲУһȥҲԡ
ŵԥʱθһԺ䡣
ĽЩǵʵ˽㣬ŵ糳𣿡
ÿ춼һԵĲȥһ죬֮䲻̫Ծ
˽ǺԼ˯ġ
֮䣬һʲôɡ
μҡҡͷ˵ûС
ĽֻĺӣЩ飬˵Ҳ
Ľ룬ƺʲôʵǲλƯŵ磬ˣ
μ˿Ľһۣ΢΢ҡͷ
ĽС¶ƶ֮ɫ˵ˣ
μ˵֣ĵȰôЩ˵أŵôã㻭׽Ū濴ƯĻҲû㣬ôŵĵģ֮Ҫ໥ѽ
μ˵ͷĽ˵ЩЩڡ
ʶʵҸô죿
Ľ˼Ƭ֮˵

ŵԺ
ƣҪҪ
壬мҲӲӦеʵ
üǿýܺһЩ
Ȼ˸߳ļȴҶǿɾЦˡ
Ȼû츳ÿϰ׹Ҳǿ壬ЧùκεĶ
ŵϰʱһӰ߽
μߵŵߣյȭͷ򿪣˵ƲȭУƵʱƵʱȷɷʽɷʽˣپҲЧ
ŵŶ
˲ǻս
ʲô˼
ѵԼ´ˣʵûˣ
Ľ˯Ҳ
ŵϸֳһ˿֮ɫôˣȻС֮ĶȾ֮ǲӦð
ʱμһ߰ϵĴŵȷķһ֮󣬹Ȼоһ
Ȼȫˮʪ͸оˡ
ϴ裬·֮õ緹ʱ䡣
θ磬ʱŵǺԼĽһԷġ
Է֮ǰŵΪǵ⡣
ԷʱֻϺãǰһ
ΪһԷŵ͹۲쵽ඹߺҳϺʣͦϲԵġ
ǰϺ򲻻ᶯһ¿ӡ
Ѳ³ϲϺȴϲǡ
μ˼һֻŵÿǣװ۵ĴϺûԼԣǷŵ
ڶֻϺиĽ
ȻԼ
Ľ֮䣬˿ŵ磬ֿ˿˽㣬ŵһĲڷ
챣ӣĺͺˡ
˽ŵҲǵģôˣСһ˾˭Ҳ˭
Ҫûô찡


102 ŵȰѧ

á
Թ緹ŵͺ
ܽһĲӵݸŵüͷ΢ɲĶ˶ʵҪƾ٣
ŵҲû˵ͷ˵Ҫ޷ҵĻҪһֻſһ
ܳĬƬ̣˵ʱ䣬ȻҪͺú׼
һ˶״Ԫǰ޹ˣߡ
ĶӲμӿƾٵҲˣǲμӣָռһ״ԪҲиʿȻǸҶˡ
û뵽ŵҪμӰĿƾ٣Ͼǰҵɵӡ
Ҫڰ֮ڣʲôᣬͨգҲ
ŵûи˽͸࣬Ŀȷõʿ֮󣬾ֱʥʮ꣬Ҳһƾ١
һ꣬¼ȡһλʿ
ͲÿˣŵĿ⣬ֱǰļС
ʥʮ״ԪΪǵĿƾ״ԪȴκһƵĵ״Ԫ
˵˸ƾ⣬ûԵسҲûԵƫƣһλ˲ţȴŵҪġ
ҪģЩƫս
״Ԫ֣ŵҲֱ
ֿ״Ԫ̣״Ԫܣ״Ԫ֣չ״Ԫͳ״ԪǣŵҪ֣䣬ϡ
һӿƣ״Ԫδдãֻ˵鷨滭ɷۺߡ
ŵѡһĿôԱɶ񷨡
ǵҸʵĻᣬͽȥ
ŵ˵ֳ¼ֽϣ˵ˣɲ԰˵ľڣøҿ
Ҫ֪ںδְڳҪѡˡ
ܿ˵֣ʵҪ˵ľʲô
ŵʵ˵˶һĿƾٵ״Ԫһǣ⼸ûʲôɡ
ɺܳ֡
ϱӣϸеʱѧУҲһЩĸ߿״ԪѧѧǴڸ߿顣
ֽߵ÷⣬˵ʷ
һԱСܹ
ֽܽ㽻˵һƾٵ״Ԫȥ빿⣬ǵľڵ
ǡ
ʷӦһŰ빿Сܶȥ
߻ֵŵ˵뷨ûдʿڸ֮󣬾ͻķգһƾ٣࣬ȥƾ٣Ī˵״Ԫˣͨѡ
ô˵ŵǵԡ
һʷݾڽˡ
ݾڶ£Ҳֻȼҳŵݣʧ
״Ԫͳ״Ԫܣڸнʿ֮һְ̫һξְ
µڳˣȴֱһǰؼǰǨ߾볤ǧ⡣
ɨһ۾ڣ˵ƺƣأڱٵ·ӣǨٶЩ죬żҺңǴ壬ӦǶ˼ǵˡ
ŵǰֻʣһݾڡ
ֿ״Ԫ̡
ݾڣŵ˿
̰ǰҲǨˣ̫̫
̫̫µţʢࡣ
̫̫һ֣ƷĹְ¹ǧʦ
͢ĸֻʱҪټʦ̫Ȼڳ
ʱŵμ뿪
Ƭ̺һӰ߳һӡ
׸á
Ժӵڶ̤뾩׸ãһΣһߴ÷ڣãһӰ߽
Ժӿ̹ˣ
̧̧֣ʾ£ΪһˮʵǱߣѵֳʲôˣ
Ժ˵شˣŵȥλԱľڡ
üһĲ豭ַ£ʵλԱ
Ժӵһƾٵλ״Ԫֱֿ״Ԫ̣״Ԫܣ״Ԫͳ
ӽµĲ豭˿ڲ裬˵͢鰸ˣͨƾٻù뷨ȻܺãĶӣڶ̶̼ʱڣ׷ϱѧ𣿡
˵ŵĵ˵ľڣ˿
Ų³Ҫʲô
ҪǴڿƾٵľ
ֻҪĵĲǼλĹԱʲôʲôôʱ䶼ûʲô춯ϴε飬Ҳֻɺϡ
ʱԺ˿ڲ裬СʵˣϴδӦģٵ¡
˺ͬĽʿ⼸궼ˣֻֿ⣬Ｑ
Ƴһۣ㿴㣬ּ

صθŵߵԺһֽ
ֽдһ֡
̫̡
εĿ꣬ͬ
ץģƽգǹٶȨ
ȻЩ˵ļԺգԼҲ˵ƽͷգþܴ
λˣʵʵĳ͢Ա
Ʒ̫
ƷĹԱ˵ˣֻ̲еȨûȨ
Σòڸס
ŵܼҽֽݸСԸ䣬ȻͺĽ塣
û¼֣ܼҾȥݸŵһŷ⡣
ŵŷ⣬ĵ˾˾ǵ鵽ĶľڻҪϸ
̫̣ʮ꣬ʥʮʿȻߣֿƼΪڣ̫ȡ룬ʱ䣬ʹƷСֹ٣ΪƷ̫
ڿнʿ֮ǰԽĳţмʣнʿ֮Ȣ˳һλȨŮ
̫ǸģְȨʲô̰飬һ̫ĹԱϹϵ
̲ȱǮòְ̰ۣҲĺܺá
⼸꣬Ȧɵ㣬ûзʲôĴҪȻҲǨô졣
˾ǲ鵽һЩ顣
̺ͼеӣ޹ϵǢ
λȨŮڳɻ֮ǰˮͶӳڱֲĹϵҲ
ȻвڶԷҵȨƣҲ֡
֮ԼҲڳ¥ݣѰ֣ο塣
޶ˣƽնǸġ
ҼбľŵԴ˲ۡ
ڱԱ˵ȢŹŮĴۣʵôãһЩŮĻ
ǳ͢Ա͢ǽֹԱ˵ġ
˵һɷִеĲϣͷҲأݲɳӵʷǶùܣȴʵʵΥɷ
Ҫÿ¶ؽȥʡ졣
˵ŵͬλ̫ΪԼҲֻһСίˡ
˯ʱֻص˷䡣
Ĭû顣
ϤζŵеޱİҪ˯ŵʱ򣬺Ȼӵ
μ˱۾ȻʵҪμӿƾ𣿡
ŵ˯Ժᡰšһ
μ룬˵ҪѧҿԽ㡭
ʵŵѡ
Ͻƾٵλ״ԪȻڳˣһƾٽĴԺУ˭пܶ״ԪǿԲ鵽ġ
ȻԸЩѡһ
ͬһͬһĻ棬ȻͲˡ
ڶһ磬Թ緹ŵͺ˳ˡ
˵ˣԼ
ǿƾٱؿһţ˳١
󲿷ڳ⣬ϾҪĳزСأһʲСĻѡ
ڴڳ￪󶼲ģܻر
ŵѡģǳڵһ
һΪ·ϺķѴʱ䡣
һǳڰȫĿǡ
ϴΪɱϧɳ˰λľ֡
ڳ棬Ƕ˴ˣ˳ǣȫػӡ
ȻڵȻ۸ҲҪĶࡣ
Һμ˵ӽ飬Ȼ¡
ڵ⴦Ժ
ԺѧӣƾԺƣʹô˴
ԺѧӣҪʹһʱʮӡ
ľİգһ궼׬ʮӡ
ȻҲеѧϰķá
ӣŵνһϲͨ
ô֪
μֻôĿʼ
Ƚôԭȵŵܹ֮Уʱĸо
Ȼȫ̶ŵߡ
Ѿɹ뾳ңҲ已̥
һӼ۵ƥˤȥ߱ǧ£㲻Ҳˡ
ӵĽ̵֮£ŵܿ˼ɡ
Ķһʼ轩ӲԽԽɣҲʼٶȡ
еʱܿԼ塣
ٶϣ;õܣҲ忪ʼҵҡΡ
ʱһӰȵ
μŵ壬˵ǰ㣬˫ȼнҪ£ڡ
ڣŵȻ¡
ţڴϵȥҲڵϣӻ
˵ģı֮󣬹Ȼȶࡣ
ӾԲõģĴ󵨵Ĳ
˿̣֮ϣвˡ
ǴԺѧ
һŮӽʼ˵ע⡣
ϳŮӣʵ
ԺѧԽΪɣЩСһЩܽӴ
ȦӣܰĶôϻǵעŮ֮
֮ͥ£ǷޣҲйܵľٶ
ôΣյ飬һСģͻķգȻҪԱ߻š
ǰŮ֮ʱ¡
֮ϣŮǣΨһܹȻܽӴĵط
ɱ˶ӽŮӣһȴǷ˹
ֳ棬˶ǵһμ

˸ո߽Ϳμ˺ŵҡ
ϣһŮͬһƥţǳûȣѲѧ
˭ѧ
ӵı£ŵ˼ȦѾӦ˿Ľࡣ
褵վϿţǰսߵǰͣ¡
褿ϵˣ̽ʵ÷򣬼ˣǡ
ŵӽ͵׼μӿƾ٣ڽ
褿ϵˣ뵽ղ۵ĳĬһ̲סʵ÷ǲ᲻֪ƵıԣǱ˭øɣ
μ΢΢һ㶣ʵ𣿡
ĬĬĵͷ
еġָǼʻ
ȫͨ顣
ݳʱȫ̶ϡ
ֵ׷ӰƵĳɼ
Ƭ̺쵽һߣָһݺύϻϰĵ·˵ָǼʻ¡
μ΢΢ͷЩ飬ǵһ˵
ΪƾٵƣǱ˭ĵø죬ԭ𡭡
ŵһۡ
Ȼ֪Ǽݳ
Ҫ
褲죬ѧƾٵ壬Ӷһվռʲôơ
μ˵Ŀŵ
ŵ¶ãȻȻʮ˵ԭ
ֱҡͷ
治ǡ
Ȩӵܣ֪յġָʲôģҲ
СʱӼÿΣֲơ
Ȼ֪÷ôȻμӿƾ٣ĵĽ͵ˣƲָָݳֱؼˮؼؼ轻ؼ󡭡
ھƾ֮ŵֽϵĹΡ
˵ЩȻ֪ġ
˵ˣ൱ڴĵļա
νĿ
Ҳ˵ģؼˮؼؼ轻ؼ
ƾԭĻϣһЩ仯廹֮
гʱ֮Ӧ۶׹ˮխ磬ͨ·ݳͬʱмС
Ŀּڿ鳵ȶʻ׼ȷ似ͨխ··תԼʻе
¿ڳǳڼԦϿսϼԦսǴйԱ߱ļܡ
ȺҪԱǼܵ˾쵼̹ܿ˱
褽Щ֮󣬵ŵ⣬ֶȥ÷ʾһ¡
Զͣһԣûж˵ߵһǰЦŶŵ˵֣ϳ
ŵÿģҪСһЩǳ޶ģֻһλں󷽵棬ֻ˲Ŷ
ŵμҲһȥһ
ڳԯͳӴλãһ𽥼١
ͨһΰ͹ƽ·ʱδ٣еңŵϣȻоٵ
ˣͬλõҲ˿ңɶн춯
ŵ棬ûΪʻȻܼһȡ
һν֮Ի𽡱͡롰𽡱ָıǳֻ
ݳ֮ʱ··棬͡롰𽡱ᷢ춯
һҪʻƽȣͨƽ·ʱֻ춯Ľ಻ңó˿͸ܵڵҪ󲻿νߡ
ŵֻпӦǵһ顣
ʻ͹·棬ǰĵ·Ȼխ
·խֻһͨУ·Ҳļۡ
һȥȼġS䣬·ߣˮ
ٶȻüŵ
ʵ֤ĵǶģÿһζˮǰһ˲
ǵڶˮ
һҪʻʱܹƳˮתת򣬶ƫ׹ˮС
˳ͨ۵ˮǰ·Ȼֱˣ·ȴխԯš
ŵĿ⣬ЩԯŵĿȣȳָ
Ȼڼٵ£ԯм۶ûзκιв䣬˳ͨ˽ļһ·ϣһԵĹ乭䣬׼λڵ·Զİӡ
ؼ轻ؼ
Ҳвͨխͨٶȵͬʱ׼ȷָͨĲڸƶϽƶ
ͨһϵеĲûصԭ㡣
ŵѾ˸ı䡣
˲ò࣬û뵽һﾹȻôĳ
ŵ̲ס̾
񷴵Щ˼ҵġ𽡱಻ȶҲûаģкܴռ䡭
褰һۣ˵Լˣ㻹ǫˣǼݲУĿƲ˵ĴԺ˭ܱȵĹ㣬һ״Ԫ·Īˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôϵЦݣԼƻǺܽġ
ֻŵ֪ûǫ顣
һǰʶģ죬һץã˾ʮȡ
ĺôʱĻӦġ
һ£ĳӦò̫
˵
ϡ
ŵҸͨƵѧץˣڷϵ񣬸Լƾ׼
״ԪˮƽҲÿˡ
ŵļ򣬺˵úƾٻа꣬ţƣкܴ
ЦЦ˵һĸףСͱϰƣϣ˵Ժѧˣƾֻʣ°겻ǲҲ״Ԫ
ŵȻѧˮۣˣҪСѧӣȻд˳͸ӦڼϰѾŬʮ꣬꣬һΪһʱĵ裬ﱻ˸ϣǻᱧ

ƺƲһЩԱ֮󣬿϶ûʱĥ
Щûͨƾٵѧӣĳ̶ֳϣƵ۷塣
վڳ۷񣬷䶼ϣŵ˭
úú
㲻ΪԼΪҲ
һȰĻΪж
ݣ˵ĻȻĵѵġ
ϵıҲ˵ַģһڼϰṼڴ


103 
ΪԼǰ;ŵԺÿ¶һĽ
һ֮ѣеʶһƣƾԼŬˡ
ʱеϣѹϡ
гһգƱϿˣԼҲմ⡣
ͨõļܣǲܱȱ˸ǿġ
ʱ񿼸״ԪŵڶǰǰʮС
֮һζĺȡ
ŵû״Ԫֻ
褣˵ӣ㶽һ͵
÷Ļ˵ʥּ
ʹ֪÷ΪʲôôҲǵ˵ͷ˵÷İɣһúöġ
֮ŵ֣˸ղ
˼ʻλá
ӣƺҲ볢һƵĿ
Ҫģǳ֮˵顣
Ҳ߻һλãĿ·һܸܣȴ˲֪ʲôʱԶˡ
μ͵һ
Ȼ
飡
ŵ⧲Դײ󷽵ĺϡ
ûӦѾʻǶΰ͹ƽ·档
һ·֮ϣϵ죬ŵץųǰĺԼ߳ȥ
Ƭ̺
ŵμ˻еʵôˣû°ɡ
ŵûôͷε˵
Ϊ֤ˣ似ͳûʲôϵ
𽡱㱻߷ɡ
ˮļS䣬ֱֱɹȥġ
ԯײĸһײˡ
轻顱Ĳ·Ϊ̫죬һû߶ԡ
аģΪƯ̫죬ŵӳ˦˳ȥ
ؼʱ̷ɹס÷ɵȥ
Ż
ŵµûڵء
ԭ͸֧ѾָһЩһĳָоͿˡ
֤ʻˡ
ֻ֮һͷĿѣԵһܰĻ
ŵʵĻ˵ӣǻǻؼҰɡ
ӣμһǸıȥ
·ߵʱ˲ԼͬĸŵͶȥ
Ϊǳص
ƾǧľţΪıɸѡ˲ţÿһƵѶȶߡ
һ֪ʲôˣô˳ͨؿ
ľҪҲͨϰ
ŵſӵıϣȻĿҪɢˣǿĵġ
ʶôãֱ죬֮ľ룬˴ӡ㡱ͻơ
ٶȣδڡ
μ˸ղűŵʱ򣬲ʲô
ıʱĲϣֵģЩ졣
ɵļӿ˽µٶȣܿϡ
ܼҹĵʵүôˣ
ŵ˰֣˵ûʲôЩͷȥϢϢͺˡ
ܼҶ˶θʻȥ
֮ǰǻײԯŵӡ
ŵųᣬĻζԴһһµײϡ
ûжԱȾû˺
ղڰ͹ƽ·ϼݳҲûܼҼݳߵ·ƽʯ̾͵ģôñȸղŸΡ
飡
ʯһӣһζһ¡
֮ڣŵζȸԴҪصײʱһֻƣԴ֮¡
μŵߣֵԺ󣬲δһԣĿ
ŵҲû˵
飡
ܼһתŵʧȥƽ⣬صˤӵĻ
ŵ̲סѵ㿴ŵ·
֮⣬ܼᶶϸֳһĪ΢Ц
ڣŵҪʱμ˵ַļϣ˵ںŰɡ
ŵҲ˳ϡ
ӵ޳ֱֱΪԭʮûһ˿׸⣬ͷĻҲӲʮ
ƺǾóЩμڵƾΪʲôݳ֡
ŵϣҪΪ͡
ΪƾٵĿ˵ףΪͳν׼ġ
Խ˳϶
ٳУܲš
ڷ絲겻˵ƨҲߵܡ
˵ˣһ磬쵼䳵ҲǽγĦг
μ˵˵ͷʲôͷ㲻ǲ֪𣿡
ŵһ£ȻŶͷ˵ȻǰһϿͷеΣ˯һᡭ

صθŵûлָ
μ˽ŵ
ɣһҲͣθǰ
ƿԺԺܣԼλ
һĻ΢΢һ㶣̴Լ£еСôˣ
ʮĳ£ʮ³Ҫӱ
ŵǿһЦݣ˵ûʲô£ǽ廹Щ²ܸǽˡ
λҲ׷
βΣСҪ
Ҫǧ塭
ǰ첻Ƕöôأ
μĬĬĵͷ
λ˼ҶҪ壬ʵЩ
ŵˣתƻԺ֪λûкԺ飿
¶ɫ̾˿˵ĳΪ˶С˵ѧѾˣһЩʡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʲôʣ

ԺؼؼϪؼɽĴԺǳֱ͢ģӼϽ
ÿ£ٰ͢һѡοԣν֮Ի
ڴǰéѧԽĴԺͶõʦʽ
ûбĴԺ¼ȡֻҪɼﵽĳһ׼Ҳܽ˽ԺȻѧѾĴԺʮֹˡ
ֻͨвμӿƾٵʸ
Ĵ͹ˡ
ǽĴԺΨһ;
˴֮⣬ĴԺһ
ǼҾƶĺ׿б亦𩣬ͨнĴԺġ
֮⣬Ը⸶һӣԺҲǲ
͢ÿĲǲ֧ԺתģÿԺƵĴֶΡ
Ȩǻһӣӵͽƽ
ӶȨʲôȴԺޣѧıīϣгؼüҾõѧϰơ
褵һѣƾƱе⣬ڣ˶ǮԺġ
ǵĿĲǿƾ٣Ժƽ֮󣬲μӾеѡΡ
ǰִշʽֹ͢
ЩֶΣһ֮ǰϳˡ
ӽԺҪԺͶֻͨ͢Ŀԡ
ĴԺپеʸȨҲӵܶƽ
һкƽˣʵϲʿԿƾٵĽһ¢ϡ
Ҫյȫ
ЩƶŵѧӣǲܾͨȫģǽԺȫС
ĴԺЩƣسѧнڽļѧԺԴϤƣƣֿơ
ʱ䣬ڷһƶѧӣȫԸϵȨӵʮĻۡ
Ѯſʼ
ƾѮ
֮һƾ٣ŵôϲˡ
Ժ̾˿˵Щ飬ʵȨһֱƶģƶѧӣȻڴ֮ʱȲСѧϰյĸӵܣּ͵ԸȴǸӵܱȲϵģֻ꣬ܽƶÿʿУռݲٵ
ڴģҪ٣ƾΨһ;
ЩĵȨԼҴ壬һƶƾٸƵĿģΪ¢Ϲٳ
ЩǸ˵ĶԲôһС£ҲûаﵽС
ŵοԺⲻĴ
ܽһľƽŵ˵ȻʱСʽΪԺѧĳѾŹˣƾƣСʱԺΣԺгҲΪš
ŵЦСĴϻۣͨʲô£ֻҪͨԺҲƸȡ룬һοҲûϵÿ궼Կ
½Ƴһۣõ˵ʲôʲôСǲμӴôܿ󣿡
֮Уһһġ
ƣĻѾʶˣңҲֻһߡ
ˮƽĻڿƾ֮ϣ˵ɨԿ
˵鷨ǲ˵㣬˾ͨ鷨ֻҪ΢һҲ˶١
ɷ˵Լ޷ҵģûڿƾ֮ǰ޷ңЩѧӣɷһôܳ
µĻʫдĲһ㣬ǰҲֲһ㲻㡣
ƲѣҪϣǲܵģҲѵõҵۡ
ص֣ơ
ƺٳɣǼڷܵ£ҲҪϰ
ҵĲΪ뼸λõѡ
ܸ漸λ˼οΣСȻ˽ģЦЦ˵½ʦ˵öԣСĴϻֻۣҪ⼸ƶ¹򣬽ʿֵοƾٲܲμӣһƾ֮ϣն񡭡
֮󣬳ŵ˵СǾͲˣһҪ壬Ǹݷá
˼λԺ֮ŵصθСԺ
ԺڵʯϣʶİöľƣĿ˼
οƾٸƣν֮ɡ
Ժ
ʲô鶼ûС
ҪԺԺ͸ĸ
Ҫ˵ⱳûڴš
ԣֹμӿƾ١
ȷе˵ֹ޷ҡ
Щ˺ֶΰ
ʡگĺš
ֶͨΣipһƾٶûа취μӡ
ŵ
úúãҪôǰɣ

ٺ
ĳ輧裬˿֮ϡ
ŵģǵȨ
һգ輧ºһתͷʵΪ˴ˣ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Щֵ̫ð鰸ƳʱΪǰͨڳж໨ʮ
ߵһҲڵ˵е鰸ٵϼƳʮӣʡٺǷ֮ˣ
ٺ˿ˣǱˣҲͰˣʱԺĿȻ½ƾ٣ѵϣнʿ볯Ϊ٣
Ʊоһ˵λɱˣ޷ҵģû볯նһȺ֮ӣ˹٣ⳤǷ죿
ЦЦ˵ٺǲ̫߿ˣǰǸʲô֪ɵӣƾֻа꣬ٺѵΪܿнʿ𣬴ĵĽʿôÿģ
⼸ƾ٣ʮϡ
ʮУֻȡһˣÿһλʿǧһȫš
ʮˣҲǵ֮ڲμӿƾ֮ǰѾǴӸݴɱ˲š
ƾ֮ѣǱκ˶
ԼеӵܣʦĽ̵£Сѧϰգ˲֪ӣȴԵĵһضȥ
һ󲡳ɵӣҪܿнʿЩ껨ӣι˹
һȨҲЦ
ٺδҲ̫ˡ
һδǬСӣܷʲôˣ
ܿнʿͰǰӳˡ
ٺĿɨ·Ǳˣĸ
ڵЦȻֹ
ʮǰμӿƾٵʱֵꡣ
ˣҲμӹƾ١
ٺѣ˵һЩ顣
״ԪǰδС
ŷһ㣬ޱȷļ룬Ҫ
ŵŮסĿջ棬ŶԼϯ
ֺεȵĿͬʱɰͨС
һգˮйͨ·С
ֻ֪Ǹǵ֮ӡ
ȴˣҲʮǰ¿״Ԫ֮ӡ
Цݽϣ˼ĭ֮󣬿ڵٺĵǲ޵ʮӣȷʵû


104 
¡
á
֮зһݰڡ
վǰ˵ʡѸͨһ飬˺Ժѧ֮ͨ⣬Ƹգ಻ܾѧ
еľڷһҳ˵һΣٺؼΪ׵ȨǣֶͨΣʡʮλԱǷôĹѵΪ˲ùӽԺ
ھڵķϴһһߡ
һȡһݣſڵҲȫǳԭһ᰸ƶѾв̵ʱˣ޷ǽǰѡ
˵ϧʡЩԱĹְƷϣû취ֱӲ֣֮ȨޣҪƾЩ⵹ǣס
ºͳôãЩ̰ܻ¸Ͳֱˡ
˵Щ죬ֱӵĹԱѾ̭ˡ
һЩֵǮĹֻһõ˴̰и߼룬ͼַ
һģ̵͵꣬Ϸ
߼һЩ壬ڳ¥ַ
Ů֮£Ը
ǵҲãҲգܲ͢š
һλŮһһҹֻҪԸº˰ҲȨ֡
ֻǵһЦ˵ûǰⲻģһж˳ƶΪʱԣ֤ݳ㣬Ҳûʲôôʱˣû֤ݣҲ֤ݡЩȴɣպõġ
ϸֳź֮ɫ˵ʩ֮үû취μһƾˣһҪꡣ
оڷһҳҲδء
˲û˵ʲô
÷ָƽֻϵĶѵľڣһݷݼ١
ͬʱ
ĳֵŵһվ˴ߴǰ
ŵĽ
֮˵ȥˣûдһΪ˺ܲġ
γţŵֻôһ
ٴĹܼҺ飬һ߽ӭȥһ˵үڲڸУӦһͻڸԺƬ̡
ŵǣĽ֣ܼҵĴ£·һĹ㳡ϣһλĹվ
Ǵʡ
ŵˣаŪһ
ŵ߽ŵģһֻƴС
񲢷񣬶ľƵģͨˢ˲ɫϣȥһ
ֻʽβš˼ȦȻ֣ľȻͬһųȶ˼£ڿзһȦַ֮ɻС
Ľɴ۾һĻˡ
ŵҲЩȣû뵽ӣȻīˡ
ľ𰿴ֻаƴСڿĶʵȣκ
ڲ죬һ侫ܺ͸ӡ
ֻл֮īң衣
ʻعͷվŵŵ֮¶Цݣ˰ڲڼңҴ䡭
ŵĽ۰ͰͿľӣЦͲˣеľ𰣬ɲԽҿ
ЦŽľݹʵҲԻȤ𣿡
ŵӹľ𰣬תβĻأɿ֮ľɿڿնڵͿշһȦַ֮ɻŵС
ŵаƴСС⣬̾īҹɣȻ鴫
Ľקקŵ䣬˵ŵ磬Ҳ档
ŵľݸô֮Ľһòֺ
ʼôϲ˵СҪϲĻľ͸ˡ
Ľ˵лл磡
ŵ״ЩͷۣҲ֪ľӵûһģһĵڶҪȻһȥμҿ϶ҪȮˡ
ʼϲСأ´Ϊϲܵ㳡Եһ˸Ķ
ĽȵͣûкϹ
ŵҲīҵĻ
ʲл񣬻лعè
ЩǱھһװ֮󣬾ԶһЩֲ١
˼ֻؾߡ
粻Ѿкгεֳзķܷɵĸ߿ա
Ȼīֻ㱾£ҲܳΪ֮һ
ͨʹīҵĻأֻı
īһīܷӳ
ʸԼװһر֮һȭͽһʯ飬߲ӵе
ΪԼһԻ
Էϰɸ߿գ˫ϵ𣬻һ
صǣȻջء
ΪľľҲκβ
ＫķľȻܹݵķУȴ־ãҲɲôߡ
īȴõķУǿ
ʴӿн䣬ŵϵı飬˵һ£ٸ㿴һö
ݵ뿪ܿ߻һλŮӡ
Ůòڣĸŵӯӯʩһ
ʿЦ֧衣
Ļ£ŮȹǣȻ衣
ŮʮŵǲһЩԾط
ʮȴЩӲӲǸûбı仯ĿҲն񣬲ˡ
ŵȵǻˣ
ʵ˵ͷ˵ɣɲ͸㣬ҵѪ֮Ķܿ͵»ˡ
ŵѾֹͣ裬վŮӣʵҿһ𣿡
¶һ˿ԥǵͷǿԣҪ
ŵ̧Ůӵ֣ÿһؽڶ磬ϸ壬ԲĴӦĳƹ轺Ĳϡ
˱ŵҲֻǳǳһ¡
ʱһʮǵ
ְŪЩľͷˣ߹õĶ˵ŪЩľͷʲôãôѡһϣľͷŮ˯ܺӣҲѧѧ˼ŵֶȢƯӣúùӲ𡭡
ҡҡͷ˵㲻
˰֣˵ùЩ飬㰮ȢȢ
˵꣬ŵЦ˵ˣߣүȥ˵
ǣŵ֣һŵ촽ûʲôѪɫŲҲЩ鸡ʵô廹û𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵˵͸֧أҪһµ
һ£
üͷ˵УһҲ̫ˡ
֣˵Ǹ˭űӣȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽҽҵʲôҩĶ
Ƭ̺󣬴
ĵ
ŵλ֮ϣһͷ׵ߣԣ󣬱Ρ
Ƴһۣõ̫ҽʲô飬ҽģҽңβ˵ȸˣ㻹ˡ
һ߸˵һ˵ˣֻ뵽һЩ顣
Ƶ̾˿
´Եٹ٣˴ѹ
ҽҵȷβ˵ģҽҲǷʲô
ʲôˣʲôˣǵɡ
βˣҲԼ
ķԼȥһ޹ʵˣ˭к飿
ϧڳ͢Ȼҽʱڡ
ƹܴҽߣȨͬʱҲʧȥһɡ
ʱţߵ촽𽥱Ĳ԰ס
ŵɫȴۿɼٶȺ
Ƭ̺ɿŵĨ˰ѶͷϵĺˮԴ£ˡ
ˣ㲻һ
εص£鲻ܲ¹̲ǲ̫λӵ𡣡
룬ֻܵǺðɣˣȥʷ֧һǧӣ͵̫ҽҡ
æƴǣ²ˣˣ¹ٵְڣʹ͡
˰֣˵̫ҽҲҪѵƴˣ̫ҽһˣظ
ûƴǣ˹֣˵лʹ͡
Ȼ»ͦġ
̫ҽʱ˻ΣŴվȡ
κķѵûµǲġ
̾һԴָǣ߳
ŵӴо
ֻƬ̵Ĺ͸֧壬ƺȫˡ
ˣû͸֧ǰá
ҽ֮иص㡣
ҶԼֻҽἺΪˡ
;ҽߵԼٲ֣ǿ塣
߾ҽߵ԰Լ
ֻҽҪ޵߾ѡ
徳ҽң½ѾǷëǵĴˣ̫ҽҲŵľ
ĵʵôоЩûУ
ŵȭ˵ллڸоöˡ
ǾͺãǾͺá
ЦЦȻʵղ˵ԺС£һگͺˡ
ƺ֪Ǽ飬ŵʡ䲼·¡
ԣüͷ΢д£
飬治֪
ʡگĻ͡
°ϵĶ룬˵һǰ»ðһЩʡոͨ·ǱҲܹȻΥ򣬳͢ķȣʧȥϡ
ŵ̾˿ҲΡ
һǰڳ޷޵ĺúõġ
ҪȨǶ֮·Ҳȥμӿƾ١
ɷĹ֮ڣԼûκΰ취ġ
²漰ɣҲ޷֡
ˡ
Ȼ飬޿κΣҲֻܴӳ顣
ŵЩʧʱһתֵżǸһ¾ˡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵôģ
ȻΥ·͸˻߷·ܹȥԺˣҺ»죬ٿһγᡭ
ŵȻʵ𣿡
ԼӦøʲôû뵽˵Ǹɷ
˵ʲôеģɷǾͲΥˣģС£ģȻҪӡкá
ʱ
ŵ߳ĵ
ǳߣĽǶȣԶԶȲϵġ
һҪԷ߳ʱ򣬿ĽڲԶĹ㳡ϣʮֿġ
кܶߣԼɻľ𰣬֮󣬻һΧתȦľԼܵľͷСˡ
˵Щϡ⡣
īңңңũҵȣΪϡ١
ΪīжޣīҶԵӵ츳Ҫ
ҺͷңǸ˶ޡ
īңҪ߱ǿĶþ߱һļ
ŵЩСⲻôȤʵλ輧ȷЩ档
ڲĹ죬Ȼ˸ӵĶ
īңȷе㶫ġ
˿̣ڵϣһѱĻ
΢Сľ֣üôֻˡ
˵ľƵĻأƵģȷ𻵣ֻèĲԸ𻵣ǲġ
Ҳ⡣
ŵ߹ʵ޵ī𣿡
վɬЦҲӻֵĽˣұ˼£ǻƺС
һָϵֻľ𰣬ԼȶڵͿղϵ
ǻشŵղŵ⡣
īӵвٿػصһֻ֣īҵ
ľȻҲܸղٿ壬Զûīô硣
ŵҵһʵ֮ɶ侲ȴҲﶯ
ж˳ݵľ֣룬˵ŸıһľֵĳͲôˡ
΢΢һ㶣ʵʲô
ŵǡöһѧ
ѧϰʱʦһӦõӡ
ڴУֵĳѡΪڼٳĥ𲢱ִƽȡ
Ϊʵĳ޷γɹԼֵÿݶлӴÿһݣ԰覴ɵ޶ȷɢƽӶӳʹ
ոһ£е֣һΪʮһΪʮ
ϹѧҲѧ
īҵķչ벻ѧ֧š
ѧûжо˵͹ѧϵ
ŵĽ֮¶Ȼ֮ɫ૵еôû뵽أ
֮Ͳŵǣһ̵ˣֱԷʱҲû
ϣʵλÿţ˰֣˵϶ȥоһľͷˣǳǵģˡ
˼˰ĽȻҲõ˴ϲ
극ҲӴõ˲ʹ͡
ЩŮӵƷ˵ЩԭΪ׼ġ
еʱϲһЩĶΪŮǰ׼ŮõõĶ
û뵽һλӣЩҲͰ׼ˡ
ñĽ
׼ĶȻǸ߼ȥôãɺµһ
뿪ʱﶼ챻͵ˣŵ˲㶼ûȥ
ÿɨһ´̫˼ˡ
Ľض飬Ȼܺã͵ľ𰣬һ·ϸ˵ĺŸ衣
ŵʼһδű顣
ЩȨǣǺĵˡ
Ȼ֪֮·쳣ļѣһ·֮ϣ衣
Ҳ޵ľԺˡ
ǰʵҪȨ󣬰Ͱо͹ˡ
ֻеľ֮󣬲ҪնһЩ̼Ϊ
ͨ͢·
ŵһ⵽ԡ
Ҳġ
ĽһſĵСźţŵͷôĵӡ
룬̽ʵŵ磬ǲˣ
ŵعȻģʲô
ĽС˵λҶ㲻᲻İɣ
ŵԴ˵ô᣿
ôС
ȻʱеСҲôС
Ľֻľ𰣬ŵ֣Ц˵ѽȻλܶĶҺԶµһá


105 ˵һ
峿
ʹ
ʱٿһոսٹٴӴ߳
ǴĹÿλĻӻÿµһٿһγᣬһ³еĴСһܽᡣ
ǰ¶ʮˣ봾죬ȴǰٿ˳ᣬڳϣһ顣
գʡԹƽΪɣͨһڿƾٸƵľ顣
ӰѧҪԺͶǳ͢͸ֱԺ˽еСԺͨ
ûģܽԺͶͶҲûвμӿƾٵʸ
֮ǰͨлǾԺģ׷
֮󣬰ڣַͨʽԺģ͢ϡ
ĸȨѾҪкܾˡ
֮ûͨΪлһֹԱַ
ƿƹƽʵǳ׶ƶѧӵ·
ȨӵͨԺģǲμӿƾ٣Ҳʲôá
нȥƶѧӣÿƾ٣ɶռһĽʿ
ƶѧڴϣûʲôƵġ
ֻнԺĽӴա
вٹԱƶųȻԸ⿴ƶѧӵĳ·׶Ͼ
ƶųĹԱվ
һ֣֮ǰƶţ볯Ϊ֮ҲȨǧ˿Ƶϵң㡣
֮Ѿõľ飬Ȩǵһ֮£յõͨ
ţԺĳãȫȨʿ¡
ᷴ飬ʵЩĪҲ˵Ԥϡ
һЩصĹԱͲ߻µĻȨȻǾֹϳ·
֪ôˣĲд˷Ҫʡľ顣
ǼĻӣһڣȨô
ڳĲɿվһ
ټַϳ·
ȨҲӦ˴ᵽƾ֮ǰҪ
ƾ꣬ڿƾ֮󣬽ƾٵĳغͿ٣˳дġ
СƾǴ󿼡
ȾСٽд󿼣Ҳ
һССĸı䣬ѶĴ֣ûʲôӰ졣
ŵӰܴ
ȿƾٴöһꡣ
ȴٿƾ٣֮ͨԺѧӵݣ˳μӿƾ١
ڴʱͿǵˣȨʿǺòײеĿƾٸĸô׷ϳġ
֮żƳƣΪ
һʼŲƾ֮ǰһͬ⡣
ǲᴺʱֱϳ·Ǵʻͬⴺǰ
һʱ֪Ϣŵ˿
ոսᣬصеȨǣȴǱһӵ
ʱʱһǲĶӲμӰĿƾ٣Ϊ˲ϧʮӣòײŴͨؿ
ϣֻһ죬Ǿ׼ļƻͱƻˡ
ֶֹ
ֶηС
Ǿ벻ͨˣҲȨΪʲôôƫ̻һƽŵѲǴĶӣ
˺ü񣬿ĻôΪ
ôãʲôûиı䣬ǰװȥôӡ
СڻʲôݶûУôѲˡ
Ҫе˹٣һͬǵĺӹ
ֳ棬;ġ
θŵܲ
ܼ˵͢ղ˲ʹ͵
ǼνķһĹס
Щƥ֮ģòϣŵܼ͵θϷѡ֮󣬸ȥһ㡣
Щӣμң˯μҡ
˼ǼŮԼ׸һŵҲЩ˼
ĽӴõһʹͣŵΪؼ֮
飬Ԥϡ
Ľ󷽵ĽԼָһ֣Ψһֻľ𰣬ҲӦ档
ʹ͵Ȼһģһ˫ݣԼֵ·ΣĽĺÿҲû֡
Ľ͹ɣı仯ŵ⡣
ȻҲĹ
ŵЩ棬ѵ˵仹ܸıԸ
θ
ƫƧСԺ֮ڣһΰʯϣ˵ʦ㣬ЩĽָҵģϲʲôȥɡ
ɴŮӿЩΣ˵㵹Ǵ󷽣ЩԾɽ֣֮²Ǵӻʼġ
Ц˵ʦ¶ˣĽ˵һү͸ģǸү͸˼˽һϴμĺƯƯ
²ż˽Ư˿ûвɴŮеһΣѾĲӡ

θſڣŵɵ
ܼҲĿʵүˣ
Ϊүڿòûռٷ˱˰ɣ
˵ǱǷޣ§§ģҲռˡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵öˡ
ҽĵ£Ȼȫָ
ܼЦЦޣʵүȥ
ŵȥ
ƾʸ⣬ʱѾˡ
Լɻûͨı¡
֮УóģҲƣƵһ֡
֣Ŀƣϻһϲͨ
˵ԺͨķʽڶʱգԼҲ΢Ȼûס
ܼҼݳļŵʵǲҹά
һ·ϵߵģӦҲѧһѧơ
ΪľǿߣֻûϵͳѧϰݳƾΪ϶ŵ֡
ĳһͣ£ŵΪˣɻࡣ
ʱܼƿ˵үǣҪҪк
ŵ棬ȻǰԶ˵Ӱ
Ҫ߽һͣԡ
ʶתͷ˿ɫһϲ˵÷Ҳˣҷ˹𣿡
ŵҷ˹ģҪҵˡ
Եʵˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûС
ûʲô
Ϊһƾ״Ԫѡĳõſŵˡ
Щ̲ûаӣҲܶϰۿһһ٣ŵ켱ˣȻ˼
ŵ񣬺ɸֵ˵ƾֻʣˣѧӶڷֱ׷׶Σô˼ģѾ޿𣬻˵ڳ͢йϵ״ԪѾڶˣ
һ£ңǸֺ֡
ŵָ褺ῡü˵ȣһƾپ߸ͱھˣ㲻һпܳΪ״Ԫģʱ򣬾Ʋ˵㣬ҲܱƸȡãĵĹ٣õųԾеĿࣿ
촽˶ȴʲôû˵
ȻֵĻܲ
˵Ķ԰
нʿĹ٣˭ԸԾеĿࣿ
褺ῡǿ϶нʿģһƵسȡ״Ԫڱְ̫ȵһͷöˡ
һˣ
֮ɫ˵ңҲȥˣȥϰ
ŵϳͬ·ݳ
ȥ褱ͣһʱֲ壬÷򵽵˭÷
ʲôʱôˣ
ͬ͵ģе֪ŵˣոӭŵķˡ
صػ·ĵĲ˲ױ߳ЦӯӯҪŵкȴûһۣͷ˳ȥ
ͷŸոΪϵƯ·вŨŨһɡ
Ҳˡ
ܵʲô
ܲݳɣ

ŵղʵ˹ˡ
ֻѾҲûкк
˵ʵ˹û
ݳʻģֿȣŵûôܼܵγĶԱȡ
˹ҪܴҲˣϧܴ
Լˣô
ûаȫеŮˣٽӴҲգҲñ˴л
ܼҵһκŵһڳղŻɻΪʲôҪܵСӼݳãͲ˲֮ͬ
ǵӰȵСӵĳе㶫
ŵƳһۣĵġ
ڵĽֲֵ񷢻ӳ
ҪѧĻء
ݳֿȣŵûʲôоأ͵Ժ
ԺѧǲǮġ
Ȼ죬һŵǮûա
Ƶѵѡƥ
ûѡΪײˡ
˵Ƹ࿼˵ļʻˮƽͬһˣԦͬͬĳҲͬ
ʽʼ֮ǰһʱ䣬üʻϤ͵·
˵ߣܹ복һѾܳľޡ
Ȼ㾳硣
ŵһȦˣ硣
ˮؼؼ轻ûʲô⣬ȻһЩ󣬼ֻ˰ӵıԵ
Щ˵Ҷ̫ϤּЦˡ
ŵοûʲôЦģϤˣƾٵʱ򣬲ҲϤĻᡣ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣҵ״ԪƵʱ򣬾һͨ
ŵԣü΢΢һʵ
ͷ˵ĶԣҵƻĺԶԶԶȲҵꡣ
ŵУѾ˱⡣
ƣȻҲǿûǿϿɵĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ֪ʱ䣬ܲܰ
ҸᣬһǼݲеĵ
뷨Ҳδܳɡ
ٸߵ츳ǳʱ䲻Ҳ˲
ŵ˽⣬ȡģڵ۷ʱڡ
ĸ츳ǿڿ϶Ҳʱ
ܲܰƷļݲץĿǰǵýϣϡ
˶Ի̶һܼѾݳһĹؿ
ֵûһ
ߵʱ򣬻˼ʧ
һŵ֤似ͳһϵûС
ŵҲһѡһƵĸųʻ֮ϣϤϤ·
Ŀһ𽣬һΰ͹ƽĳֱ·
Ȼû״ǣ
Ƕ·ΪϤҲܲڸǰе£ŵ·ߡ
ûϰ
һҲ
˵ЩԺſʼӴƵƶѧӣڿϰֻܱ֤һƲ̫Զ
ĿˮȻ࣬·ΪƽȵһؼһЩ
ĿؼĿ轻飬ѶҲص׼ȷͬʱܱ֤ٶȡ
ʱ䣬ҲƳɼҪ׼
һƵƺƵۺϿĿҲнѵһơ
һ󲿷ѧѡٶȣ׷׼ȡ
ٶֵ̫һ
ʸѰУֱӻᱻвϸ񣬳⼸еһʿԵˡ
ƾپôпᡣ
ɱƾٵģǵ֮κһСпܱ̭
ݳ۵糸ŵԼ֣Ͳô¡
ٶޱȣƥȫɢͨһ·ʱ򣬻ǵߵƨۡ
ڶҪ̧ܼţ÷Ρ
·¹ͨխԯţҲⲻ˹в䡣
Ķ·ĲƵ߹ûߴ
һƣΣѰУӵı߶û
ݳصԭ֮ŵĿ⣬Ϸ۵糸૵˰
ԶһֱŵһӰһж̲סЦ˳
֮Уһͨ
⣬뿼ƾ٣
治֪үڵʲôΪôһӹţ˴󶯸ɸ꣬װ˷ʮӣΪ˲μһĿƾ١
ӣˣʲôнʿ
һЦû˼ȥ˼ܿ뿪һ
ڳͷʻƬ̣ܿһ֮ǰ
ٺ
µٺһӦҲţ̲סʵȷûпˣĶӣ
ӵ˵ͷʮƶ˵غүܿģ֪Ķӳʲôۿ
ٺǲţʵƺܲ
̲סЦ˵ֹǲһϲͨúĹȥݳݵĺãүǶˡ
ٺӣ˿ڲ衣
ѵˣ
ˣҲܹ
ֵֻ˲ĥĻ䡣
ܵģϻٳһ
һ͹ѶԸˣοȻĺ»й˼ɣ׶Ȩ֡
Ǹӣ޷졣
ڿƺˡ
ĶӣʶĿһʮӹš
ǣ벻ͨˣСӼȻû£ôżĽԺʲô
Լ׵һΪֹòǰԭƻǿͨʡĹϵװʧʮӡ
ʮԱͼ֮һֻʮӣȫʡҪ顣
ԭΪĶɵӣֻųļϢ
˵ΪתƱ߶õ۷
ЩӵıĶӲɵӣ̳Ĵϻۡ
ܵģһжļƻ
ʮѰнľͨգΪıڿƾһˣȻͬΪ٣⳯ãƿǵС
ˡ


106 ·Ҵ
֮ϡ
ϵ·Ѿˮʪ͸
ʵһ۵ĿĿʻĹУ뱣עĸ߶ȼУǺܴġ
ȻѾˡ
ȴڼϰ
ΪŵԱ߿š
ߣԼҲͣ
ųĽڣؼϢ
һȦͿŵ˽ˣļªͷ¥Ĵ͡
ͼʢвˣƷˮ
Է֮ǰŵȫҽҵԶ˶
Ȼ֣ûҪɣ˭¶
ŵԶ룬˵ô˵״ԪߣƾһΣ˭֪ЩΪнʿóʲôӵֶΣСĵ޴
ϣŵȻÿܵ㡣
û˵ʲôˣϸ緢ǵĶϸ¡
극ָֻһҲ˼ȥϢˣҧҧƣ壬ٴ
ʱܸ
֮ϡ
ݲпĳλãεأǲֳȥˣƾֻаˣôݣҿԺȥˣ
η¿ӣ˵ˣһʱԴ˵Ҹһƣߵʱ
ݲһӼĲ˶ˡ
Ǹʣʲôʱôڷˣ
ƾٵжۣκ˶һܸˣͻľ
һֱһƣҪôûģҪôǼġ
ֱɫƣصܼҡ
۰һһһ磬Ⱥͼ¥ŮӴսһϻۡ
һֱԱ߿ţ϶ֲ
۵趼ϴˣ׼ط˯ʱԺںȻһ
վס
ݲдӷ߳û˵ʲôֻ֣һѪۣȻǱĥġ
˵ûƭСӣȻûȥ졣
ԼӲʩȰǷģҲûôŬ֪ʲô̼Ȼڷ
ֻϣһʱܿ״ԪԼҲǺˡ
֣Ҳ˵ȥϴ裬طϢɣѵҪųжȣҲ̫ˡ
ôĺ˵ȻЩܳ۵ĸûʱᣬϴʱԡͰУͳ˯˹ȥ
θ
ŵҲϴ˸衣
ǲۣϾ󲿷ʱ䶼ڶ񣬵Ȼۡ
Ҳʲôûɡ
ҲƵϤ˼·ߣȥݳϰ
õȻմȾһЩζýЩζϴϴ
ƾȻȴһرܡ
ֻŸ·
ľߣʱڱٶȣԳƥȴ־ã㡣
ˣ΢Զһ·̣ߣҲѡ
ܵ徳纣ֳ֧ʱշˡ
ҵ˵徳ƿ֮󣬸·ҲͲ⡣
̲űˣԼһ֮䣬Լŵ֮⣬൱˲ƶ
ŵطʱڿ顣
ǿƾص鼮
ԱߣѾٳǱ˵ġˡ
˵ʱŬʶѾ㹻ࡣ
һܰûĻıǩ
˯һڶһ磬ŵûȥ
ȥ̲
ȥһˣһ춼ûмӵ˭˭ﶼûš
ôȥҲǸ¡
Ͼʱȥܣһ
ҪȻƾٵʱ򲻹ˡ
ŵ˳̲ܼҾרѵݳȶˡ
ŵ̲ſڵ۴˸к
Ҫ߽ȥʱʹĶʹɫ
ŵû߽̲ͿŻɫٷĹԱ̲߳
Ǳ뿪ŵ߽̲һ֮۷ȥ
ŵע⵽˷ľٶԴְѾϤˣдɫٷĹԱֻ࣬пʡ͸еȹԱ
ʡگ⣬оٹٵְ
ŵڳãǱʡľԱץס˱ӡ
̲й£̲Աûʧְ֮
ڸԱУЩԱܴһ
ŵƳһֻۣҪ̲󰸣˾κβԸʹɡ
߽һ÷ǼƷϴ˯
ŵһ۾˲ǵĿˮãôˣ
ŵ˱ˮһ֮ŵŵ㡣
ѹƳһۣǼ٣̲ûаӰɣ
ֵ˱ˮŵ˵ˣдӵĻһȥģô㲻ң
⼸죬ȷʵûʲôӣҲġ
ŵûдӣСҲа
ֹ죬ֻʣһʮˣ²ÿ컹ڼ٣һ㣬Сӻٳɶ࣬ҲɽҪá
룬˵Ǻðɣһ
߳÷ŵҲ˳ȥ
λʡѲԱվԺ￴ǡ
Ųһ٣üͷ΢
λ򣬾ȻûߣȻǣǱץס˰ѱҲȷЩ鷳
һ֣ŵһٱޣͷɵС
ٱޣŵû£ҽһױ޷
Ժλһۣ˵λÿһ㣬һǾͲˡ
ԣ˵˽䣬ȴδȥ
޺͸ֱޣ֮ͬõĲã˵Լ
ٱޣԴŵڼСһ£Сĳ鵽Լϣʹ衣
˱Уȴ
趯вʱƿյ
λʡĹԱۿٱǰȥͷϵ亹ֱ䡣
ӱ޵ٶԽԽ죬޾ԽԽĳһ̣ڵֲסѹתȥ
ӣӸŵ˵ҷһ
ŵ߻ظղŵķ䣬һȥﱧһڽ
ڷϣ˵ЩǸͽ̾ڣ̲Ѿ˹ˣֻҪɵӡЧȻץΪô죬Ҳʤޡ
طãֻд̵ִ̺С
ͽ̵Ȩ̲
ǰ飬ģԴӽľֻ֮£ΪѾ𲻵ʲôˡ
ŵŸո뾳ͽ̣лǴġ
һɫĴӡݸŵ˵ӡ
ŵֽӹֻⷽӡ֮УҲһǿ
̷̲˵ӡҲķֻҪЩںӡˡ
ŵ˵ģÿݾڵĹ̶λãеӡ
˼ݣϵûκα仯
ʱһͽ̣Ϊһ
ЩӣĹϵ󣬼ȲأֲƵģֻǸǸ£Ҳ
ڽʮ֮󣬵ŵһӡʱ򣬷ϵ֣һʮһʮ
̲̲
ѹΪô졣
ֻǸǸ£ΪԼȻ˵㣬ʤɣаϰ׶ˡ
ŵеľڣٴһ죬»صһʮ졣
ҵһɻİ취ŵЩδڴʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵Ѿ⼸лܵͽ̾ˣЩ̵̺ģ־ڸ٣ÿһһɴ˺ӡ֮󣬻£󡭡
ͽ̵İӣǸ¾ܻ
ô̺ҲܣϻܼӵĶһЩ
ӰҴҴ÷·߽һֵ߳䣬Ƭ̺߽һݾںӡݸŵ˵Ǿ׸ؽһ̾ڣɺ˹ˣӡС
ʵ̵ӡԵľ˵Ҳá
ŵø
һ΢΢ΪҪģҪԷʧȥġ
ŵϲ̲ĹУӵĻࡣ
ڳõʱöϰһ죬ܼһ̲һӾͼӵˡ
Сĸ̲ɺӡȻȲĿ򷨵䡣
һʮġ
ŵס
ǡôģ
ŵŷϵ֣еɵ
ӡûӣʮ졣
һʱ俴ݾڡ
⣬⡣
ϵ֣Īļ٣ûжһʲô
ֻһܡ
дˡ
ϵķˣ϶
жһ̣Ϊʮдһʮ죬ҲǺܺ顣
ƾ⣬Ϊı仯ͺԡ
Ҫ˱ԩɱˣдķҹԱʱڸ
ŵȴܵõļʱ
˵ʵеԩ
ӲеģֻǸǸ£ֱӿ仹һĲ
˵ԩҲԩ
̲£̸Ҳͨ
쳣ʵôˣ
ŵֻܿҾ⡭
ݾڿ˿һıɱȻ֤ʺӡ֤
ûκɵİӣ̲һֱͨȻݽ¡
ôݸÿϱǧ̲ܲÿһӶȥʵؿ츲ˡ
һݾڷȥ˺ö飬û̲סʵʲô⣿
ŵ˵ʲô⣬ʮѾ˵ˡ
Ǭ˵ֱҽ̲úòһ˰һǾô˰⣬ӦôʵĽ᰸
촽˶û˵ʲô
ô˵
ҪŵĻ
˵˵ֱĺ׼
룬˵볤Զһȥһµġʱ仹磬ȥһˡ
Ըŵͷˡ
ŵָǷݾڣ˵ݾô죿
Ѿ̲ӡǲһķЧֱ֪˺ٻյ۵ܻܲ
ȷɣ˰⣬ؽںݾȻˣҪȥһҪҪһ𣿡
ŵ֣˵˲ˡ
˵ǳأ˵ڶ԰ȫ˵ˡ
Ҵ뿪ŵҲƵ뿪̲
Ұٵġ
һͨæҲż죬һ۾Ϳʮ졣
ѡ
̲߳׼θʱŵ࿴˶̯ۡ
˼Ҳ֪ôˣö˶˵ģȻƢƷӣŵ˷׷׶ܡ
صθŵҲû˼ȥˣʵʵڼҿ顣
ʱͽŬˣŵûɫʵѡôܰѸͽȥ졭
Ҳ֪ʮûлķա
Ȼֻżһ¡
ҲǶʮǰȥμӿƾ٣ϰѡ
ңҲûܽͽȥ
һ飬ֱɫȫŵź飬׼ϴϢ
⿴۷䣬ŵ΢΢һ㶡
һʮġ
۵ֻˡ
ûŵɻãͳǰ
Ŀŵŵʵô֪ģ
ŵʵôˣ
Ǽӣ⣬ȥһأ鵽˰ξܻ¸УǸԩģǲԩɱһˡ
УЩ¡
д˰Լִ̲˰ĹԱʧΪСһ޹´
ųҲӽ¡
ӽ£һƷξȻΪȻ
𾪵ǣݾǩѺ֮ǰ̲Уɣ飬Ѿ˹ˡ
Լڣûһ˿˿ɵ㡣
ŵֻɨһۣƶ˰⡣
ǰļҲͰˣȥֳȺеķˡ
ֳ£һЩ΢СıУ׼ȷҵ˷ȻԼҲ⡣
Σֻһ۾ڣƾֱͱһ׮ԩ
ŵٴʵ㵽״￴ģ
ŵʼ磬˵˵ˣֱֻ
ŵķ˿Щң·ҲǳӦǱһ졣
Ȼ볤ԶҪڰ֮һأò鰸ʱӦúܸϡ
Щ
ֱ
ôûֱ
ϰҵľɴˣ徳ˣûֱ
ѵǶϰţ
ƽһ֮ڸоƣ
һ죬汼
۵Ҳֵá
һ漰ԩץһ̰٣ɱмջ
˿֮˿
Ȼüͷ
ֱ̧ţǺˮζͷ˿·ҲĲӡ
Щܣŵϴ裬ٰ׼һǬ·
ŵԶӡ
μ΢΢ͷѾȥΪ׼ˡ
θĴ˼ңÿλ˾סԺӣеϴķ䡣
СԺһ᷿ԡңθѾǽˮԡλϴҪõĶ׼ú͹˷ţܾλѾߵķ̡
ŵԺ洫ˮ
Ůϴ豾¸Ǽ
ŵ˳һʱȵˣķ֮ڣŴ
𣿡
ŵʵ»Ҫʲô
ԡ֮ڣٰ׼һ·ɡ
ŵЩ졣
һˣӽԼһ·
ѵղϴʱ·ʪˣ
ŵվ棬˵Եȣȥһס
æãҪġ
ŵüͷӺĽ·ˣ
ʱȵٴδ·Ҵϡ


107 ֿ״Ԫ
ŵˡ
±֡
һ㻹ã·еԺģһһ㶼Ӱ죬Ҫǹֵ̫ˡ
ӵ·ƣ治״ϡ
ǣθµŮӣһ
˼ѡѾߵʱ򣬻ƫѡСġ
һѾߣСߣСķͷ
ȻһңѾѾߵġ
Ӻ͹£ŮмΪģ߶һϡ
ЩѾߵ·Ը⴩ҲὫ·¶װ
ŵǲ⣬϶⡣
Ѿ֮⣬ЩרŸɻĽָ׳ǵ·¶ȻҲǲᴩġ
ϵģŵȥҺʵ·ȥ
ΣֻһԼǬ·
ճԴ磬·Щ֮⣬ŵ˳۵ġ
ϴϴʱ̫ãŵƣϾҪˣǵ̫ˣҪסһϰɣϣ·ӦþǬˡ
ϴʱθѾѾ·ϴˡ
е΢磬һӦòࡣ
˸Ƿ˵ðɣҲˣϻҪȥ̲ξء
⴦Ժӣƽʱֻŵס
ʰһ᷿ٺһ֮󣬻صϴķ䡣
ŵӵ·Ҫط룬Ū˵ˮ·ʪ
ô·࣬δ̫ˡ
һУŵص䣬ڿμ˽͵Ͼˣõڼסһߣˣ·ղϴʱʪˣҰ档
μ˵˵ͷʲôҲû˵
ʲô֪
ǲųľĸ֪ҲҪԶʤͨˡ
ͬһԺӵ˵ô꣬ǰˣ
λĻȻġ
Ժɹŵģʪ·־ůůġ
Ľ˵ûдĶԼܺá
ŴǰǵӰеĳЩͷһη˶ҡ
ƽƽһҹôȥ
ڶһ磬θ緹ŵһǰ̲
һƷһЩԶ볤˿ڲ࣬ϽСֻǴƷ
ؽŹȻϽ󣬵ȴΪأƷĹԱ
ˮǴߣξҲһξ߳ƷĹְ̲ܴõ߹Ա
ٹ뼶͵ô³ˡ
Ϊĸ٣ܻ¸ɲǷܽġ
ֻһΣûɲصĺֻǱٻְĽȥλ¼á
ǲֹһΣѾغģ˹λ֮⣬ȥĻԴ
ŵֻץԱӵܣûץԱˡ
Է˽⣬㲻Զֵģڴ˰˹ؼã£䲻Ķʹ͡
յ̲ŵ˵ҹѶξѾй˲С
Щָֻ±ùˡ
̲ɲǳá
ǷҵĴӪе󰸵ֶΡ
̹״ӿܴҲ˵˵
̲һϣСʱ򴲵鶼
ŵո̲һһݾڣӡ˽
ںӡϣŵƵģӡɡ
˭Ƶİӣ˭칦̲ͣĹء
ԭϣھӡģӦɺˡ
ǵΪСӣǵ𲻵̫á
Ϊ˼ĹԱλ˹󣬻ὫӡһĹԱ
ŵûк
¹ԼҲûʲôÿġ
Сĵĸӡ֮ŵ۷䣬дϲ
ǳ͢٣Щ競ܱȵġ
ϣһʮգһʮա
ʮ졣

ŵƣ̰֮⣬һλ޹İգһ׮ԩӦҲΪһݹ͡
ΪĽչŵܲ
ı仯ֱ۵ġ
Ȼξӵ޹ְ䡣
һȺӣδ֮λļ̳ߣ㽱Ҳ֡
ĵĹְƷ֮һƷ֮һ
ƷʮңŵƷҲܼһ졣
ϣƷƷĹԱɱһһġ
δѽ
Ƿӡľ֮󣬻ʱһݣ˵һϸ̾ڣø㿴㿴ûʲô⡣
ŵʵӡ𣿡
û⣬ӡ֪֮
ӡ֮ݾڲзЧܼжϡ
һۣΪŵ˵ððɣҲ
ŵֻһɣⱼ˰Ĺӹɡ
ûѣ֮ǰǷݾڣѾ͵ˡ
ĹҲС
ץһλƷ̰٣һ׮ԩ
ŵ֮⣬Ĺ
Щͣӡ΢΢
˵ֹһεҪŵ̲ԼС
ʵȴǣŵ̲ˣԼ
ŵھöӡ
ϵ̷˱仯
һʮ˵һʮš
һ졣
£һ̣Ϊʮ
ӣʼգֻӡǰ󲻹ĹܼһѾܲˡ
аݣǧء
˵Щΰõأһ궼δһ̵İеؼÿҲ
ЩľڣնҪ͵̲ˡ
е̾ڣ֣ϣֻҪԽãܻøá
ŵ˷״̬ʵôˣҲ⣿
ŵع񣬷¾ڣ˵Ŷûʲô⣬ֱӵݽˡ
һ磬ŵ̲
£˼б޷
ŵ޵ҵľ֮ǰޣ̶ܲͬȵս
˿緹ʱŵŴ̲뿪
̲ܼ߳Ҷڽֵ棬λ̫ȶ졣
ŵܼ߳ƨվС̲ͣſڵǰ
߿վ̲ſڵˣָûס˶
Ƥ鶯˼֮ĬĬС
Ȼ
ϣû׼
ֻϲ׼
ȻҪˡ
С̫аţû»
θϣŵԸоܼҵļʻ
Щ֣ѧϰƣŵƣ츳;ǷȱһЩҲֲ
ŵڳϣģʵղںλ˼ʲô
ܼЦūʮӣһ㣬үٷʲôʱкӡ
ҵ˶̫ˣүү͵ʱүѾˡ
үٷˣĿǰȴһûС
֪ʲôʱ֦ܿɢҶүү
ŵһ£ʮ
ܼԺǺúϰɣŵĸٶǮҲزס
ܼ˵˵ĳһҵĴˣѾмˣʣŮˣΪ̣ų׬ӡ
ͷƭǮģ˵ҵĴˡ
ŵҲûۻȥǮҪ
ʮʮɡ
ͷһˣһСﲻףܼҲȱʮӡ
ŵʵô˵
ܼЦǺǵ˵û˵ʲôʱֻ˵үٷˣԺһ̥ūе㶫
̥
ŵ˳ǣҲʲô鶼㵽ġ
úԵȶѡ
ҪⱾ£ĵĳ͢ðʦô䵽ͷ
ֺܼǺǵĸų
ȻҲй˫ӡ
μҵ˫̥ɲ٣ô˵Ҳûݡ
ֻʮӣٶһ㡣
ͷ˵үмԵ
Է˵һһչ׳
ͷȻе㶫ࡣ
ٷôүмԵ
үҪǸԵԸ񣬲ðүȴϡ
ȻЩţҲûаҪ
͵ָڲˡ
صθ緹ʱŵ࿴˶Ӽۡ
һµĳϦദ˵ദʵѾʮǢˡ
ȻпԽʽĽչҲǲչһպ
ͷϹ˵һͦ棬δĺӻʲôӡ
Ǹһ㣬Ǹһ㡣
Ļ˭ÿ
μ˼һֻϺŵһֱ˼Ƭ֮󣬻ǽֻϺ

Թ緹ŵ׼ȥ๤ܼҴ߽˵үϴرעλԱղϢˡ
ŵһʱûʵλԱ
ܼҵ̫̡
ŵˣһƾٵֿ״ԪҲΪԼֿɫĿꡣ
ֻֿ˵ĽڣŵĿģֱӻֿ
£ʱ˾ʵôˣ
ܼҵ̫֮ûлظֱȥ¥
ǱɣδɾͿڡ
ǼŹɣھܵá
ֿƵ飬˽չŵû˼ȥˣ̵ߣȥ£
ٻ¥
¥ĳ˽ܵķ֮ڡ
Ůɴѩ׵ļ֣Ϸ֮󣬶Եʩһ˵СŮΪ͹ٸһ
Ӱ˰֣˵پͲˣ·ɡ
Ůһٻ¥Ȼǳ¥ҲֻЩ¥һߡ
ĿˣٶЩӹţλôļġ
λļĿˣ˵ᵽһ͹ٺαôļأСŮӵտǺܲģ͹
£ָңһöָ⴫
ͨȻǺģ֮ʹ˷飬á
˵ȴ
Եӣüͷе˫ȭ̲ס
ʲô
λ׼
ң
äĿ׷ɣûи飬еĲ
׵ǣڵ֮ǰȻûȶԴٽеʱλ׼ԭȻֻһƫĶУޱȴ̶
һգŮӻŤ֫ߵӵߣ˳ĻЦʵСŮӵô
ޱ飬˵ĺܺãԺˡ
£ŮӺᱧڴϡ
ŮӽһȻͱ۾ȴĶ
ãȴʲôûȵ
ֻ˼
Ӵɻȥ
ֻλٺ󣬲ʱңƺڵ
ã˼¶֮ɫ
վߵǰ
һ·ֱӵϡ
ܿ죬֮ڣʹһθӼٵ
Ƭ֮߳ٻ¥˿
ڼҪǸظˮŮ˵¥Ѱ֣ҪŮӵ١
˵ӵټֱԼýŶúãô˵ټģ

Ȼղѡ

йһ̵֮ںЩ
ŽͷȺԺһƬɵĿʼ˼Ϊˣһֱ֧䣬ĻŲΪô嵽ʲô
벻ͨ⣬ҡҡͷҪ뿪ʱȻӰǰ
Ҫƹǣȴٴס
üͷһմ˵ʲôȴһڡ
͢Աֹˣɰ참
ˣһ˰ɡ
̧ͷˣǰʱһڣҲû˼˼ռˡ
˵ĹԱˣ´ûΪץˡ
ܲȥֵġ
Ϊʲô顣
ԺУֻһͷ
ˣ

ŵȻû£ôţúֻ̲ǿϵ²ϵӲĵط
ܼҶҲ졣
ֻҪһ仰Ϊе
ȻҲûΪʲôΥ顣
ֻṩһ鱨
̫ְƷ˾ĳ͢мԱ
ġְɡ涨Աߣһգʮȥۡ
ҲǾһ죬߷ʮѡһ
ͷأڽᵳӪ˽Ȩר̰ı㲻ʲôʷǶùܡ
ֻǹһ죬þס
һλةд̵Ĵýӡ֮󣬷ϵ֣һ죬һٰʮ졣
ƷĹԱξǷȻҲܼһ
ŵʱ̵Ļ񲢲ġ
Ϊɻ
һƾٵֿ״ԪʮеֿƵһˣ㷨
ѵץˣ
һʱµη
µηΪ֣һΣ̷ģλڵ£ϲ
һʱѺΥɹԱġ
η˵䣬ддˮʳǸԱʡõģסŻʡ
̱ڵڶη
ŵվſڣͨդһۣʵ̫̣ûץ˰ɣ
λة˵عӣץģһƾٵֿ״Ԫ¹ٶеӡ󡣡
ŵ¶֮ɫ
ˡ
б仯˵ץЧġ
̵Ļǰģ˵ûΪʲôس
ֿ״ԪûسЦذɡ
ѵֿ״Ԫߺŵģ
λǰֿ״Ԫǲ汾£һξˡ
ŵԵĴ¹Աʵ𣿡
˵˵ͷ˵ϲɣ÷࣬ķӦ٣¹ȥá
λةݵ뿪һ߻߸һӣӵĻһŹ١
ŵǶ䣬˵š
Ѻ̵ķű򿪣Ӱ߽
ԭڴϷ̣һɿĶ㵽˴ǡ
ٷηϣ˵ˣ㵯һ
̱͡
µץٵġ
ڻûи״
µ˽ץ˹ȴûжʲô
ûж̱ƹûʻ
ĪĴˣĪ٣һǰϷûУܻŰ
ô˵ûô
ӴǰСʵʲô
λµĹԱŵŵûпڣʲôԡ
˼ٵλǱȽ׼ģֻһЩ΢
ַϣһ˼ָ֮ᶯ
һָ
ղɫЩ԰ףη壬ǰʱηı龡ȥɫҲĺ
ŵ֪ʲôӣһֻ̣оһֹӾԶصϢ
ģҲʼ
·Ұйƾõķ磬ӿҰ
վڿҰ֮ϣ̧ͷűԶգɵĲһֶĤݵĳ嶯
ͨ
ηſڣµۣȻͨһ
ŵ֣Ҳ֪ôˮƽ
ҪһݵĻ
Ǿţơ
ֻһСΣ鶼õϴӡ
ˮƽȻϣ
ǸǣҪôߺòã
֪ǲĴܾƾ֮󣬷ڼܵҪˡ
һգŵ飬þòƽ
վߵȴҡҡͷ˵˵ټǰ֮ԶһΡšԶƾʱˮƽ⼸꣬ѻķֵ
ŵһ㶣ⶼа
š֮һǼ֡
Ҫݵġ
šݵĳ嶯˵ˮƽߣ˴ꡣ
ȫԼУûȫƽô˵ܵ裬ԼĴˣȻվָ˵ҵĲãϣ㵯һٵҪ㵯жá
Ϊ˵ٵֵȻǲģټ㣬ѵͲʣûкúĥټֵ˲˶٣Լ
ҡ
̿ĬĬͷվûз
˵ûټǰƾʱ˲˲١
ѧˮۣˡ
ֵҲһ
ղԼܸܵ˲
²ͬˡ
겻ǲֵˣҲԵ
ǣΪ˿ƾ٣꿪ʼ٣ÿ춼Ҫϰĸʱ
ĸʱ֮⣬ҪѧϰƣûһԼʱ䡣
˶ʮꡣ
򲻸ˣŬûа׷ѣڿƾٸУΪֿ״Ԫ
ƾ֮࣬ٵĴȷָ
˶ʮ٣پ£ò׵˹٣ˣ


108 ˵֪
ŵȻȷ
Ҫһˡ
׿ĻԶԶƲ϶⣬Ҳѧеͳ
˵һֿ״Ԫˡ
ձ̵ټô䵽俴ϵĳ̶ȡ
пƾı׼Ҳ
Һƾ
һƾ׿Ļ޷õ
һ£Ҳһ¡
ôԺõļܸԱ֤ƾһʧ
̫ˣҵ㷨Ҫˡ
һҪ̵ټԼ
пƾٵɣѾƷ̫Ҳûɱ
ңسķôãܻܲصǰ˵
ɫµѡ㡣
µ飬ǵúһ¡
ŵ򻹴±״̬̣¶Цݣ˵ˣҽһ£ҽŵӦҵ֡
̧ͷ¶𾪡
֣Ȼ
Ķӣ֮ǰɱĶ䣬ȨԸȫˣ˭֪
ŵ˵˾ֵͨ˹ԭָһ
ԣԭء
ʲô
µˣץֻΪֵ
˵
һ·ϣԼﶼˡ
˰죬ԭ龪һ
˿֮æҲң̸ָϣʲôʵģ¹һ֪޲޲
ŵûʲôʵģһûУֿ⣬׶԰ѧʸ߿״ԪѲʲô
ʵ̫ɣ˶Լ
ǸһЦ˵ðַʽ˹Ϊ˲룬ϣ֡
æ᲻ᡭ
켣ٳôãѾǳé®ͷࡣ
Ҳֻ̤ȨȦӣҪֱӺʹ䳶ʲôϵȥ֮󣬿»鷳ϡ
ò˵˼Ϊǵĺܵ˵ץ˻ʲôᡣ
ŵٴοڣΪ룬ڴݴһȵٷȥϣ⡣
̵⣬⣡
ķ仹ͦģؼҲؼҿǸñӣ̫Ĺ
Ȼץ˴£ԴĶӣ۸в
µˮ©
Ҳ߻ۡ
ӳʼӳ֮ǰΪֿ״Ԫ׼
ĸڻ̥ʱÿҪʱġ֡
ʶõǡ˵ġʶֵ鼮ǡš
ʮۺ˪ҹϵϰӲϣΪгһճΪֿ״Ԫ
Ҷˡ
֯ԣ㽫ԼԿƾֿƵľڡ
ŵȴתһȥһŴˣ֪֪ûʲô˾в׵ֵ衭
̵ļѾķϣŵֻѰ
һֿ״Ԫ֮ǰֿ״Ԫ˵ʱã»
ûҪȥˣλֵܶӣܸŵһЩ顣
룬˵ƾٵֿƣֵģһֿ״ԪҪۿƾֿƣû˱˸
⣬ɽԺļλֿһֿƣȻΪԭϵļղˣ鲻ܱȵġ
ŵ̾
ֿƾϵĹЩ۾ٷḻʵٲУҲûʲôá
Ϊռܣһ׵飬û뵽鲢ûô򵥡
ǵôӲμһƾٵѧѡ
ǵˮƽɴ۷塣
̴Ŀż뿪
ǣˣ
˵õֵأ
ѵ˸ղһûԼ
˲˲٣ձ󣬾⼸ķ˼գҲҲ˱ƾֿƵģ
˵ϹУˡ
˵ֿƲУ
ǳʱ䲻˶ѣֻҪһʱ䣬Ȼػ۷塣
ۿηżϣȻվ𣬸
ŵ˻ͷ
̿˵λˣɲԽ£¹ߵʱ㡣
룬еĹ˽ȥ
ȻҲǰ֮ˣ߳ηŵŴˣ֪һѧӣûֿϳ˵ģ
Ҳû룬Ȼ˵޿ܣڿƾ֮ǰԶֿţֵˮ׼ѾǰҲܱȵģһƾٵѧӣûһλֿ˵ǰڵġ
ŵȵô𣿡
䣬Ƭ̺˵˲һֿ״ԪֿƳɼΪġѡʮƾ٣ֿƳɼѵģΨ뵱ˡ
ŵСλ̫
ƾƵĳɼʮȼ͹ԱƣΪұÿһȼϸΪ¡
ϣѾһϵۡ
ڼ֮ϣһȼΪѡ
ֻƾҪõѵۣѣζһκ覴ã֣Եõѵۡ
ϾĿصԾǶԣǴûʲôġ
ƾٵѣÿҲӿֳݾѵԾ
ֿƲֿͬ۵ģٵƫãһ̶ҲӰ
ֿƾѣ岻ڸ߿֣ѶȺƲͬն
˵ѣǼ϶ѡ
ʱֿ״ԪĳɼҲǼ׻߼¶ѡ
ŵ뿪µʱУԼԼһ
վη֮⣬¶֮ɫ
ʮΨþѵֿ״ԪڶʱȻȵһࡣ
ʱŵѾˡ
ڵ̣ҿϣ͸ûбҪȥЩѧˡ
֮ǰЩֿ״ԪϣҲ
ලٶ̡
츳һʱ䣬δزܻص۷塣
Ӵ³˵ɡ
ܼҵĳ֮ǰ̫ˣŵϣСһߺȻһ
֣ŵû̫ߵļӻͦġ
۾˵ͣһ¡
ͣ£ŵƿ濴һۣ΢΢һ㶡
Ȼ
룬ȥ
ǰûʲôȤȻҪμӿƾ٣ǲܵġ
Ҳ֪ЩʦˮƽôԵһϿɵʦΪʡȥٹ
ôĵ꣬ÿӲ֪ж٣ŵÿһʽʵʵ˰ġ
飬û⣬һһ׼
ܲ
һ¥Ĵϯ¥һ͸ɴΧ̨ϣԼԿһλʦࡣ
ģŵղӡ
̨棬Ů죬һλ̧ƣȻһ㶣Ȼ첽̨߳ŵߣ˵ˣҴȥ¥ϡ
ڵ˼ˣ˽
˵¥ûż𣿡
ʲôֵط϶м䣬ǸЩﳣġ
˭
˵УŵŮӴ¥һ䡣
һ£ƺϴ䡣
һ欵ŮӣǰŪһƿ廨ſڴ죬ͷһۣ΢΢һ㶣Цӭǰӣˡ
Ƭ̺
¥ĳ䣬ŵƷһϵһƿ廨
û뵽ͨ廨ĸˣȻǷ˹
ô˵һҲͨ
£ͨģ鷨Ҳ
ĸ϶Ҳ
ô˵Ľ֣黭ͨŮˡ
Ļá
ϧܴ
֨ѽ
ķţƿ˹˳
Ȼ⻻һ·
ȹȻûжô¶ȴ
ŵֻǿһۣƿߣżɽʵʷ˹Уóֵģλ
΢΢Щ죬ǶֵȤ𣬽ôôʣ
ݵɻ֮΢΢һЦ˵仰ʶˡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵѵ㣿
˺ŵߵĹԣ˵ūԿ䣬۱ūҲԧ죬ۼūҲҹݺֵūҳƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
طͺ֡
ַȴһ漼ǱǼ
Ƿ³ĹûĶ
Ҳûᰡ
֮£˵سԵһ㡣
ŵ²һ䣬˵ɲﵯһ
£Ц˵Ȼԣʲôӣ
ϴҪΪˣֻܾ˶ѡ
֪ôȻӡ
ʱҪ
ʱҪ
ŵ룬˵ɣʲôӶС
ʵ֮⣬֪
룬˵ūҾ㵯һԴӰɡ
ŵ²豭ϴ
ָᲦңߵʼָʡ
ŵ۾Щ
˹ﻹûԿ䣬ŵһУıλʦöˡ
̡֮
˵ʵŵǾ̸һ㡣
˵ٶܺȴǲһĺ
иֺ͹ҶӵĲ̵Уȷ˶һ˵Ķ
ŵΪһеֱ۸ܡ
Ҫ˵ʲô˵
Ӧǰˡ
̵䶼ϣ˾͸ˡ
󣬾ŵڷ˵ͬʱ
¡
һȺµĹԱۣվһη֮⣬洫ͬ¶֮ɫ
Ӹղſʼûͣ
ǲֵˣҲ洫ԽԽ
һЩֵϵı𾪡
ÿһ鶼ǰһ鵯ĸá
ÿһ飬ԵĽ
õѡ۵ֵ״Ԫ
ֵ츳ƿֲ
Ѿķãٵһ̿ʼֿ״Ԫ̣ع顣
η֮ڡ
̱۾ѾһȫȻҵ״̬
λ¹ԱۣԼǶ̬ȣĴʹ԰ġ
һ鵯šš
Ϊ֮ʼһζɣ̽ꡣ
飡
ڲ֪˵ڼ֮󣬳ϵһңڳܲסѡ
̵ʮָѪϣȴ¶Цݡ
û٣Ҫһʱ䣬һصĸо
ղŵһ飬Ѿ۷֮ʱ߳ɹ
߳ӣ
ֻ߳ʵҲ޿ֿ״Ԫ
վηһӰȻλˣ㲻˵ٵټ˲˺ܶ𣬸ղһôôưˣ˵


ŵ֪Ϊʲôô˶ϲˡ
׿֮󣬻᲻һЩֵ顣
Ĺ̶ԣһθˮ׼ĵ࣬ҲһܣƷһơ
ֻǡ
ŵ۾¶ɻ
ղŻĺúõġ
ȫǲ㡣
ǰһ뻹˱ǵƣһȻƷζ
ǵߺȻˡ
ܿ죬ŵʶǵ˻ˡ
˱ˡ
򷨵䣬һҳ̵ĻѾ
ͬʱԺУҲһЩδӴ֪ʶ
ô£
ϵĻ񣬻Լģ
Ҳǵһ
ʱڵʧ˹ִջأ΢Цŵʵūҵô
ڸղŵĵ࣬ŵȻĲۿ£ȴҲԵ޹ʵĴˣ˵ðɡ
Ѿ׼˵ֻĿ֮ˣȴֻõˡðɡ֡
˲С
װһϿҵı飬ĵ˵ﵯòã빫ָָūҡ
ŵ˳ϿңҲͲҴˣ˵Ҿֱ˵ˣ㵯ģȷʵкܶ⡣
΢΢һ㶡
ǣǿһ£㻹ָˣ
Ƕֵһϲͨ
ƽ飬¶̵ı飬˵빫Ӵͽ̡
ŵ˼Ƭ֮󣬻˵̹˵Ļǿǿȥʱ̫׷ɣ˸飬ģǣûֻ꣬һζż³е³ˡǿǿ
ûꣿ
³е³ˣ
˱͵Ŀŵ
˭֪Ӧ꣬ģһǽ˵ʮֵʦʦˮ׼Ҫδ̫˰ɣ
ŤƨɣÿһλãЩ˵ӿɲΪūʾһ£ʲôֲꣿ
ŵߵŹǰ˵ղŵǶΪĳǶӣдһλŮӶɷ˼֮࣬мɱλӣӦսʧȥɷ򣬵ֻǽǳԵĹ£ûеŮӶɷŨ˼ĸ顭
ſŵ
Ѱ֪١
һ̣һҵ֪ĸо
ԼģӴıҲֻ֪ŵǵһµˡ
ľֵͨôһѪĵ
еʱһΰԹߵѾŵָ⴫
ãȻ
Ȼֻһ飬ܽԭ
·˹еŮӡ
÷ճɾ׼ӭӴֿɼҸʱڵĹڹս»鵱ҹɷ飬ͽһ涴ĺ򡭡
˼ҹҹ룬Σ꣬ģȴɷجġ
һᣬӷƯչ䡣
ֻһΣһ
дģκζĹ¡
꣬ƲסԼһıҲܲסſŵĵĿ


109 ֮

¥䡣
ŵʪһƬļһΡ
Ů˻ˮġ
Ҳֻһ»õֵ֪ŪޣղžͲˡ
޵ôģ֪ģΪǹٶ̣ҡ
ֿ״Ԫ
ͬӣȫǲһЧ
·ǱߣЧҲ
ŵռʹ޵ķˣ˵ιˣ·Ūˡ
ϻױջ·
˽ץļһ߳һߵ˵ˣ
ŵƣָƲ
Ůˣͦ
˼Σŵֻܷ
֪˶ãڲˣĬĬ뿪ŵļ
ŵĿⶢһʵ㿴ʲô
ŵʵ˵ױ޻ˣϺһһһģȥϴһϴ𣿡
ܻ䡣
š顱һϡ
Ƭ̺ŵ߳
ļʪһƬ滹һһģǷϵ֬ˮۡ
˹￴ʵС
ſŵʹ޵ʱŵƶƲ
ò˵ټȷʵֻ˸츳ľ֡
ܻáѡ۵ֿ״ԪȻǵֵ֮֮ϣȻѾﵽĳ־硣
ûκΪֻƾһ٣ܲٿߵ
⻹ķϼյĽ
۷ʱڵжǿ
뿪ŵֻ˴¡
˽ߺ飬֪Ϊʲôᱻ
̾ñη١
׵ǣôһĹ򣬻汻˷Ͽɡ
ŵΪȡģǷһ̵
ڿƺǡ
ղẉ̂ûпϡ
˼飬ҵо̾͵õ˷ĳϡ
ǲֶ֪̬׽ֻڴʱ䣬ǺȰ󶨣ı仯仯
ǺߣǵһֱٶԷ
һƾϳʱ򣬶ԷȻ䵽Ͽ֮£ֻܵŶˡ
ŵ룬ӦòǺһ
ȻǰץķˣǵӦʧǡ
ڶ뿪£ŵȻ˿
Σƾֿƣǲõˡ
û̵۷ʵܶһƵ״ԪҲ̫
˵ᣬõ֤
θʻȥͬʱ

ھǰױ
ղŻ·ʱصزһױҪǸǰչ¶Լһ档
ŮΪüݣҪ֤Լ
ûչ¶һ棬ǽǱһ汩¶ˡ
ʵ벻ͨ
ѵΪ˳һټȻҫһԼټжôߣ
ò˵ĸߡ
ֻһ飬ܽԭֺĸ
͸ɵıĹ¡
ŵ߻
Ƕֵһϲͨ
ǼյǷ켫ֵʦŶԡ
˲ûмֵʦ
ȼλʦһ⣬ѹ˼ֵ֮꣬һӡ
ǣҲղŵˮ׼
ֵԽԽ
ʹǶɵ͸ѾǷ켫սϵ壬ȴ֧ʱࡣ
ûʮϵĿ츳Ҳû취ﵽ̶ֳȡ
뵽Щ
ĵĸ鱨һȺ֮
ôһλֵʦǵʮ꣬óĽȻֻһɵӡ
˭˭ɵӣ
θ
ڴºãŵθʱѾҪˡ
Թһط
Щӣ˯ǰԿһ顣
޶˷棬μĿɨŵļͷ˵·ˣһ߰ɣϣȥϴˡ
·ʵŵϸջġ
Ǹղűǿбżʹһϵ֬ˮĨŵ·ϣλñŪˡ
ŵոջ·һͷͿոջ·š
ŵȻʶһ顣
˸ղſϿôãϵζŨԼ·ϣпմȾζ
ȥ¥׼һһģһ·ϴ裬·ٻȥ
ŵƽûӳȥͱŮ˹죬ȻҲ벻Щϸڡ
Ľ͵ղŴӴ»·һλʦӲͽȥһɷ˹ָһټҵһװ˵ӣжˣҪſҼϿޣƶƲҵ·ôŪġ
ŵû˵ٻ
μ˷·ûж˵ʲô
ŵš
ʵ㲻ţ
μ˵ûС
ϴεĽѵġ
Ľ˵öԡ
֮Ӧ໥Ρ
㲻ţҲ˵
û٣֪ᵯ٣ϴ˵ֵһϲͨ
Ȼô˵ˣֻǿһţȻأ
ŵš
Ϊ֤Լףһٹ
ȵ죬ʧƺҲϴˡ
ǰ褷Ⱦʱһ١
ƾҪȫҲܵа
褵٣һңλҲ׼
ŵٲ˲ֵ˵
μ˿µӣ΢΢һѵĻᵯ٣
ЩȵУŵָϡ
һ滺ǰ𽥽¡
ԡ
û֣Ҳ˸ܵҪ
ʦ֣ͨ˵ϲŭ֡
ʵе㱾µģȷʵ
μ˲ֵҲ֪ӱʲô£ǸоһĪıˡ
ֱˣԿơ
ԽĿУһһſŵĵ䣬ôֹס
ŵһμˣʵܸ˰ɣ
ղڷѾˣŵġ
ʯĳȻ϶ÿޡ
Ȼǡ
μ˲˲ᣬƫͷʵϴβ˵ֵһϲͨ𣿡
ŵЦ˵ֻǫ˵ʵҲһֵ
ᣬʵͦгɾ͸еġ
򲻿ˣ
ʱĽıĴܽμϵˮĿŵ𾪵ŵ磬Ѽ˽Ūˣ
Ϲ˵˽ֻǱжˡ
ŵĵͣĽһţüôü˽أ˵ǲԼŮġ
Ҳ֪ı顣
Сÿ
ȻţŵֻΪԼ֤
Ƭ̺
ŵ뿪ңһһСλˣһһλȻһλ滨ꡣ
ǵڶμЩƲס
һĽ͸Ʋסˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôŵ絯Ӿޣֹֹס
һλСվſڣ𾪵ĿһĻ
Ŀŵʵôˣ

ŵһ߿һˡ
ûк˯ȥĽȡůˡ
ŵһӵ飬׬μλСᣬȻӣҲ˵ֿ϶ˡ
ˮƽøֿ״Ԫɡ
ʥʮ³һ
ֳΪһµļ
ʱ봺¡
ƾ٣ðꡣ
ֿѾ㶨ʣơ
ĿƣͿˣٲûж嶵ס
ÿ춼ŬʱҲõġ
ƵĻŵɫһѡ
ӵļƺ
ŵԺĽӣиոһͷһ̾ͽ뷨ѹȥ
ӵأһС
쵯ٰŪޣȥĽ˯ˡ
ץٵöؿմһ¡
ŷš
˵λʲôҹݺĹƺóĻˡ
û˱Ǹװ˵ԼóֵأҲô¡
˳Ưĺã廨֮⣬ʣʲôأ
ŵЩ飬깦Ľȹǣɿܹ˵ŵ磬Ҫҵ٣ǲܵġ
ĽҪŵȻûоܾ
ҲҪˣ˽죬ֻܵȵǿƾٵʱ򣬲ССݳһѡ
褵ٰᵽ棬ֶһ滺ʼָת
һĽ˫ֳ°ͣС¶ܵı飬૵ŵ絯褸絯ĺˣǰôûм㵯أ
ŵҲ̫ϲ٣ۡ
Ľɵ˵ǵһͲˡ
ŵԴ˵ԺͲˡ
μ˱Žſڵϡ
ԶƮ۾ޱȵ
һ̣ףΪʲôôϲȥ
Ϊĺ
˸еޱȵɡ
ѧдʫɡƺûʲôġ
Щ
ûһġ
Сʱ͵͵ӿȥ飬Щ߽;£һ轣һ˵١
ǸʱΪʲô轣ʱҪԱߵ٣ֱ˿̣öе˪оҲ轣ĳ嶯
Ƭ̺
վСԺſڡ
ŵٵŵȻᵯ٣ҵôã
ãǹʦҲú
ʿ轣μˣĽʲôʱĻ輧ôĶͺˡ
Ȼ˿̵ĸ򲢲ͬһ㣬ǵʶͬġ
ˣһԡ
һһ䣬һһϵ˵Ĭǵ轣һӾϵܡ
ŵһˣμ𽣣ĬĬվŵԡ
߹
ŵûü˵ʲôʾ͸һܱһϲõ˵ܣ̫ллˣ
ŵһĲԣʲôˣ
Ц˵ָ㣬Ҳôƾ
ŵɺ¡
ǵԼָʲôīҵģԼ޷ҵģôһȥ
ֱʽ֮ŵеš
ǣ͸ϵĻԭ򣬾īҵͻƵľˣ
īƾô
ЦЦ˵֪
ŵʿе֪īƾ򵥣ȻҪҲ񷨼ҪնλȨ죬ȴҪīҵķչס
ǰһЩң洫ľ飬ҲƳʵиõĻء
Щ飬Ƕضġ
ҲˣЩƵĻأߵļ۸
ŵһѣʻȻ
⼸죬һֱʵ顣
ʵַ֤ƳĻأȷеĸá
ӽԺⲻЩضľ飬īһʦ֪ĳʶ
ˣԵĶֽϣ˾ȷ֡
ȻʲôԵĹͣҲǽķչǰƶһС
һСӵľ
֪ԺһŵӦѧеѧīҵĻƾôѡ
˿ӣ˿ֿ˿ʡ
ңīң֣ʦҲһս֮
ĸ̫ˡ
ʲǿֶ
ҲǺһθſġ
λͱԼССվһ𣬻ڣʹҴ뿪
뿪ŵ˵ȥһ̲ɣڣ̲ò⣬ȥæ
̲ûľڣǻֱӳʽµġ
Դӷϴε飬ǿʲôڶ⡣
ǷҴɡ
һ©ٵ˵ӰԼΪ
ֻμŵ
Ͼֱ׼
˵û⣬ҲͿԷĵݽˡ
Ƭ̺ŵ̲߳ʱּ졣
ѾˣƾٹһҪ̲
ֱá
ģеͽ̵̣̺ľڣҪ̲۵İȴ»ࡣ
ʱͿԹˡ
뿪̲ؼʱ̲̯
֪Ǹͷôģô̯
ֲָ֣׬̲ٲǮָ׬˵Ǯ
ܼʵʵڳϣûкͷģŵһЩ£߹ȥ˵˼ң
뿴ܲԼ
̧ͷŵһۣҡͷ㡣
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ȻҪӿ˵
ĿᶨҡͷѾ̯ˣӶ㡣
ŵҿԼǮ
߳˳ǣϷӣֻԵ֣Ե㻹߰ɡ
˶ô˵ˣŵֻεҡͷ뿪
ЩƭӣϲЩģԵǸĪ⡣
ŵߺһ뻵ϷģŶûУ
ԵСɻʵүүΪʲô㰡
߿Զȥ̧ͷ˿ͷգĿ𽥱䣬૵֮ˣҵĿǣԺˣжԶԶ


110 ףƴ
θ
ŵ߳䣬˸
Ǿʮš
ʮȥѾһٰʮ죬ǵһʮ졣
ûһ¡
֮ͬǰҪΪԼ
Щ죬ֻҪ̲Ǹ£ϵ־ˢˢǡ
ǰͨ۲취ֵı仯ŵжһ׮ԩ
̲ŴһλľƷС٣ӵʮһ붼Ǵǵġ
ŵûаֻǹ£ʡලĹԱҲʲô⡣
˵ˣǸ÷
˳ƾƵѡȴٳûж¡
ƾ֮Ƴڵ˲ţȥְˡ
ٺĹ٣һϵͳ֮Ʒ֮µĹŷɥȴܲ佫
ͬƣƾ֮Ͳˡ
佫Ļ˾УҲҪʱѵ
ɼоͨʤŵȴûа취֡
Щ죬ְֵĽ̵֮£ŵҲģϼƾٵҪ󣬻֮Զ
֮ϣûŵʧ
Щӣûٸ˹죬һһ
ŵÿȥ๤ܿϻӺӰ
ĳҲħѵ֮£ͻͽ
ŵһУóĽ
ŵԴ˺ο
Ψһвǣû취Ե֤ѵ
ʵŵԭ뷨褺ӵܣ㲻鷸ƣһЩ캦飬ץСӻǺ׵ġ
˳ǻؼ˯һŵ
ˣŵ˵Ժδɷԣǵһ
Щƾٵѡ֣ɷ
СӲɷ飬оʵɷⲻһܱȵġ
ǼݲУһЩ˽ӴϣǺ׵顣
Ƶ񣬸ŵˡ
㲻ǰʯͷԼĽţ
Թ緹֮ŵȥȴ褲һȳһյ񣬻
ŵһ£첽߹ȥеôˣ
ϼһ˿Ц˵֣岻㣬첻ȥˡ
ʵԼ飬ǾãӦú˵һһˡ
ŵ񣬳ʵ˭ɵģ
ƾ֮ϣʵ״ԪľҪȫ״ԪҪҡ
ȫ״ԪҪͨ״Ԫȴֻһơ
ֻҪһ⣬һЩҲܱƸ¼ȡ
ÿһƵ״ԪֻһΪɨԼϰЩûʲôġ
ƾٰ겻ҪˣӰƵķӣҲ
ŵıѿ
εĶŵ÷ܲˣˣġ

ŵŭݡ
ӣ쾭壬ٸܲš
˵һȳһգͽ̡
ɷô涨ġ
ɻʵʲô£ôص֣
Щ죬ǹٶĿģûһ˻죬ÿ춼ŬŬŵ˶ݡ
ʵ벻ݲʲôɡ
ἰ£ϸֳһ˿֮ɫ˵ĸ׳ܣҲĸ˵˼䣬Ͷ˼ҷˣǶôö񡭡
˵˵Ⲩŵվ
Ϊӣ϶Ҫվĸһġ
飬ݲʧͳ
ޣ檣檱дɷ֮еġ
һС檣еӺ޳ܣ
޴س
һǼݲƽͶֵĶ裬һС檣ӵ˺޳ܵĵ
Ȼִɷƽȣǲᳫġ
ִɷҲְ֧̣Ǵͳĵ¹Ҳ֧޶С
Ȼݲĵôص֣ŵǺ
񲻽ݲеĶӣŵƵϣ
¶û취רġ
ҲøݲһСС壬Ҫͷû¾ʹӣһ˵ģʲôʱܵõϿɣ
ŵһƺͷߺ޵ӣһ˵£ĵȷԣҪҪһѵ
΢΢һ㶣ʵô
ŵС˵˼䡣
ݲƷ٣պڴµְȨΧ֮ڡ
ʲôԺζģٵСץȥһ죬˼
ݲУܸԼΪֱһʯN
ŵĻĿ΢΢˸
ԼҲͰˣ״ӣ쾭塣
ĸǿʲ¡
ε飬ҪǾôȥˣǸ꾫Ժڼ϶ĸ׷
룬ŵҵϲˣǰ뿪ţݡְɡһԱʱٵߡ


ܴˡ
ܴ˰
ܴ
ݲͥʰ߳Լ÷һ·бк
̲ͥĶǻ񣬻ȥ
ƽЦݣ鲻ѣһ·һ
ŵһ˳˵Ҫȥˣɴ͸¶ϣճλá
Ȼְû˾˾ڼݲУɾиԶǰ;
ɼ飬ЩһѾˡ
檲ͣͷӻҪң̲ס˼ҷ
ºʵҲܺڣòײӻͷʵڲӦôġ
һֱ˴ǰɾͻ֮ˡ
ȥԺ󣬺úѵһ¶ҪǺͷԼ֮ǰȷʵ̫ˡ
ͥҪ߳ʱõû졣
ǰӻȥ
ɱСӣǵȵ֮ߣϴ󲿷ֹԱؼҵʱ䣬·ᱻӶµˮйͨҪ·϶߰ʱ
ڣһӣͬ뷨ǰ뿪ĹԱ
˵ˣʷ̨ߴµĹԱץᱻٺ»͹ؽշʡ
ֻǷϣϣţ̫ԱٵˣǸܲ˿
ͥ߳ţϽΣȻӰס
һλͷʵܴˣûãȥ
ͥˣпһ£Էת˵Ҫȥ̫º˶һϸƥλ𣿡
˵֮ǰ߳˱ţֻҪ˵˭֪ǻؼһȥĹ߶
һλ˵ܴȥ̫£ȻûģǴ½ӵٱܴÿˣºʵȷд£ܴˣ鷳һ˰ɡ
ͥһµȻбǵĿľԼ
ô˳ٵˣΪʲôץˣƫƫץ
˭ٱ
ȻɵģְкͿⲿУ֮λȱֻܺԼ
ˣ浽Ϊܰ⵹Լɣ
ǰͥͦηµġ
˵ʹ˵Ķߵĺܽôһϵڣȥ˴£ҲĽ
µͣ˱ǰ
ͥ˳ʻȥ
ſڣոżĽţ˻ȥ
λԱ𾪡
ܴΪӣµץˣ
Ҳ˵ǣ̻ص˹ãԼλãʼװģڡ
ſڷ飬ܿʹ
һգ鲻ڣλɣڷõһӣ뿪š
ԱֶСʱĵȥ
ʱݲͥѾ˴¡
ʱ򣬿վڴſڵһӰı΢΢һ㶡
ֱͦվƽĿڵ
ͥʶʲôŵ㣿
Ȼû˵ʲôĬʹĬϡ
Ҳûš
Ҫø֪Ѿǰˡ
оģҲάĸס
һ·ϣͥѾĳ˶˸飬û뵽ȻԼĶӽٱ˴¡
¶ŭ֮ɫȻ̧֣ӣ
۾ѾӭһƵ׼
ϲûдʹ
ͥƲûϣļ̲סЦúúãܺá
˵꣬û񣬴ȥ
Ÿ״ЦȥӰ֮¶𾪺͵ǵı顣
ײǱɵ˰ɣ
ͥʵû
ڿһ̣е顣
׶Ӿٱ£оŭǿġ
ޱȵĿġ
ʲôطһ֣֪ٹԱŷɥƷµĹԱץץžͷţмָʹµ£
ǰ벻ȻܺʹĶӳΪѡ
СӣڳϢˡ
ٵܼҺˡ
ѵֵø˵

θŵھĵȴ
ܼҸӵ飬ûֱӲ롣
Ϊ׵һУͻˣĽ塣
ĳһ̣ϵ΢΢һ¡
졣
ڳйԱ˵ٵС͹¥࣬෣ٺ»һʡ
ץ֮ǰŵ֪ôˡ
̫ƷݲƷݲмӵĸ࣬
ŵϵı鼫⡣
ı仯ֹ֡
֮ϣһҳ
ŵһεģݲеĻ
ĸףȻбϿɵس
ŵ˵ĸףʮǰһƾٵ״Ԫ
ŵʱûж롣
ƺǿȥ˶ʮ꣬ıʣ¶٣
̲ſ꣬䶼ϿˣοǶʮꡣ
Ϊ֤ݲеسǲƣŵ嶼ĽˣҴҳţһ̣ӿֳһĸо
һϤо
ܼҪүȥŵȻݳ
Ƭ̺ܼڳ߶Ƚţʱ׼Ĺ켣
רʻĵ·ȻײˣǷײʻүСɿס
ǣүݵֿȣȫǵһμݳ
˵ҲΣδҲ̫ˡ
ŵʻƽȵʻڳϡ
֪ݲжʮ공ͲΪˡ
ֻ㼤û뵽ôջ
ƽ̹ĵ·Բĳȥרҵĵ·֤һ¡
ܿ͵ԺϰƵ˲࣬ŵһѡһ˵
һ飬ʻĺ
һΪϤָоΪ˲ŵܼҡ
ԶӰڲƺϢ
ʱ䣬ϰģǾó̫Ҫڲ׾ƶӵܡ
˼ҵӵܣСѧϰƣѾϺõʱ䣬Աѧơ
⼸ˣȴƵٮٮߡ
Ǳôڷܣǵ״ԪҲн֮
֪ôˣһϰƣҲǲһЩΣС
ƣѧԺǰ
ǰôŬǱ״Ԫȥġ
Ժѧӿʼסˡ
ЩƱͰμġ
ҶôŬóԳԣ棬ƾ֮ϣƾ¡
ڣǳԺֵʱһ뵽ƴʲôֵ˼ûˡ
ѵõû˶˿ϢʱżҲῴһڴ˵ϰƵ˵
ŵһȦ̲꣬סЦ˳ûѧƣʲôƾأı·
ŵʻڶȦʱЦɣղٴ˵һеƵӵġ
ŵȦϵЦݿʼ
Ȧ˱档
ȦǴӲݵվ

ʮȦ˵Ŀ⣬ʧȥɣ͵Ŀǰ
ĿţǸ˴ӵһȦĿĿİ˺ÿһȦǰһȦ˵ʮȦʱѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ƣĿǰԺǿġ
ʵڴǰǶӺ͵
Ҳ磬Ǿ͸Ȳˡ
ʲôʱðһôļһ
Ҫμһƾ٣˭ܺ״Ԫ
һ꿴ķһۣƨϵɺİ˰֣ˣˡ
Խ˵ϣҲû˼׷ȥ
ʲôû˼
ٻ¥𣬽͡
ѵ룬Ҫ
ͬȥͬȥ

֮ϣŵ˿
ϵݲϵ׳һֳ뻯Ӧƾ٣´ࡣ
ѹôãԭһС
ǰͲ˵ˣ󡱵İӣر׼
ڳϡ
˳ļͻָԭ
ֻҪһϳһˡ
ŵ￴˿
ղŲԶмڣ֪ʲôʱѾߵһʣˡ
ܼһõϣɴ۾𾪵үĳʲôʱôˣ
ŵ˼飬ѧġ
ܼ촽˶ȴûˡ
Ȼ飬ѧôļݳ֮ȥЩס
үĶӣǳܱȵģ
صθ֮ŵֿһ
ֿ֮Ҳõˡ
ǾеԲ
Щ죬Ƶôͷȴǰ׷ѹ
ǵ
״ԪŵҲ
ʱ֮⣬ܰεͷŵҲССķһˮ
Ŀнʿڵ״Ԫûôǿҵ
ͬ
سҪûеһпܾˡ
Ļģ˼ѣ˼ҵԩͷ
ҲǷܼҵ顣
ƶ£ССķһˮҲӰյĽ
պ磬ŵθֿ
ǰν緢ʡ
ݲͱųˡ
ε֮ûгͷ񣬻λС檣ĸ׵ǰʱϴҲǱĳԼĴ
ǰܸԷڵš
쿪ʼܼҷϵλãʹĶ˸ߡ
ͥλ
мĶŵ˵֣Ķлˣ
ŵ˰֣˵ѣÿ
ͥλ褱ʾĽ
ĸҲĴԣ֮󣬴ӲǸ
ƺһı˵ĺõط˼֮󣬶ŵ˵÷ҪҪҵҲ͵ס죬ҾҲҪʡ
δ˵꣬ԴϾͰһЬס
ŭеѥӡ
ǰɣ
ʡǰɣ
ӣˣ


111 Բ
ؼҳԷյҾЩ治Ļѥӣ׷褾һٳ飬ŵҲ
ʵѶ͵·ʡ뷨ŵҲûй
ֻݳس
ŵȷĵ񷨣㲻س
㣬ȻûнץµıҪˡ
ң򵥵ģͿβֻ࣬ҪӲҪ̫ӡ
һ뿼߷ֺѣ뿼ͷҲףԼˣһιͦóġ
ŵ˹֣˵֣Ҫȥȸˡ
ŵԶļӰ˵Ȳߡ
һ㶣ΣʲôΣ
Ȼѧˡ
ǰգŵͻָ˸ԺλĽΡ
ƫս񣬲μӿƾʵڶġ
û˵ܳ
Ķ˾״ԪĴ˾ı·
Ĺһ㶼ûк³
ÿƾ٣ԼʧֻðĺֻܻؼҼ̳мҵˡ
Щƫսֲһ
һƳɼҲϼѣֻûôɫ
ֻƳɫҲͰˡ
ƫƫɷѧļãѧҲȥôûܵõһֻҪܳɼǰ٣Ȼܲһʿ
ô࣬ŵȻҪΪ࿼ǿǡ
˫ر֮£ûУǾûУŵҲûа취ˡ

ŵǿһÿԺ
ѧͲ褶硣
ģѧѧǼͷļ棬ʱʱĵͷں˵˵
һÿ꣬ŵã񣬶ԼλҵһѣƲôã뼸λ̽ڿƾ֮ǰ
˹֣˵Сģƾٻа꣬ǼϼһҲţһᾡ̺
ϴԺûаãһֱĴΡ
Сòǰ£ȻðƯƯġ
½ʵСӣƣƽʱʲôɼ
ع˵¡
üͷһ壬˵£ǲ˵㣬ҩɾȣаʱ䣬еѣϣⲻ󡭡
һ㶣ͷڿڳʲôԣ
ʱ䣬ƴµϣѧʮѧԼǲϣԼ֪ˣ
ŵԼλ˹֣˵мλˡ
λǿƾƵˣŵţǵְҵ£͸⣬ڽĹУ϶ҲһЩǱĬӰ졣
ܰģҲôˡ
ͼλߺһӰıĴܽ˶ʮշ֣֮ŵŵ磬㵯ٸòã㵯ˡ
Ȼ죬ɵĻñ˿һӵļգȱҲǺԵģǾЧڷǳݡ
ʱޣã͵
ֻһ죬ŵҲ᲻á
ŵ֣˵ղŸΣۣ뵯١
Сɵ˵ǾͲˣҸ࡭
ĽСģŵԺСֲĦ
ֱһСԺڸʲô
ŵڶֲĽ
ڵѾǰôˣǱĺĽһɶòѧĿ죬ŵֲˡ
ҲûбҪ塣
ÿζûʲô壬һװĸ
װĽ޷ҲԼ棬ȻųһٰĶȤζҲ˴š
˫̥ȥģҲһô
ÿץŵһֻ֣һۣתͷȥϰĦĶȴûͣ
θŵŰĦ
ϣſһ˵Щɻͷ
⼸죬ֻҪڣԺǼͬóƵļһһĻ硣
һЩˣôһˣ
ѵǾƱȲԼˣ
ǲҲãҲ˺һ˺һʱĻͨ͸˦޵ûˡ
ǰһԼලʱʱ
ڣܾ˵оһСᣬɺ뿪صܼҡ
ոջؼңûüϴ裬ͱĸ׸֪λ˵ѧġ
˽θĸͷ
Ϊֹ֪Էݡ
ֻ֪ƺĳԺѧǰԼƳɼΪֻһ˵û뵽Ƕҵˡ
ֻ˯
Ǹô
ְŵģ治ҷ
򵥵ĳ˸裬ʵʵȥ鷿ǼͷΡ
һʱˬ߳鷿
⼸ͷӣеʵ
һʱķɿ죬ûôܵʱţڿξͽˡ
õѧ⣬⼸ͷ֮£ͬٻ¥Ĺһȥһ·¶塣
һξãѧҲûôѡ
Ǽͷߵʱ˵ˣÿʱĸеһλܸѧڼҪܡ
ݲдӽպÿλߴӼſ߳һﳤȥ
Ǽλ߿죬ܾ
ܿǴλѧ̩һ£˾Ļ󣬲ٹԺ顣
ȻвʵȨǵӰȴȻС
ǲǿƾƵĳ֮һƿöߡ
صк󣬼ݲɻӵǼλôģ
ĸײүѧ𣿡

ͥҡҡͷ
Ը⻨ؽһλָָӣҲǲܡ
λҷĲȡӣ
ո˯µֱ
һʱƣ֮һʱƣ˫͸֧Ҫú˯һ侫ȴҲԸ
ݲпʵǼλô£
Ժ˵ʲôô£ָҵѧʶǰ
Ӹ׿е֪Ǽͷ˲䲻ˡ
Ǽͷô
ݲ˵ֹÿƾٵƿ⣬ǳģɵúúøѧϰûж״ԪƼǰéĻʿҲϣ
ᵽֵġ
ԭǵԼʧôƿĿ
˵褺ζͶ
ֲеѡ
ֹѣֱ常
ʱθ
ŵԹϣһὫͷƫұߣһĽõѣһƫߣסιгСƻ
õŵΪս
һѣվ˵˱˲ˣȥɣҪˡ
ԼҧƻˣĽһŵһڳԵѣһڳԵĻѣǺԼµһá
뿪ŵ˻ȥ
һڳѣһҲѣȻΪ֮ġ
ĽСѾͷͲ󣬵۱ӻ࣬Ҫǲȳģ߲ģһµһõĹϵɡ
ϣ˳㽫Աߵһ
ǡ񡷣ƾٿ񡱣֮ڣҪǶؼصoؼ˹ļ
Ҫ֪죬嵽ʲôʱ򣬻ЩʲôģÿһڣҪʲô飬ʲô֣ԼָʱӦδ
ƾ֮ÿһλʿץܶľֵٰ
ŵһ߿һĬ
ƾûлصһ˵ʱ򣬿ٻᵱڼֵУ֣Ҫеĵ̶ıгӦԡ
һһûƾÿһƾͷˡ
ļ죬ŵڱ
˼ҴСѧʮʮʱͬĶŵҪڱᣬʱȷЩϡ
⼸죬鱳ͷǣθʱ񶼷˱仯
Ҳسöڴסĺá
ס죬ܽʡԼµĿ๦
ŵ񿴵﷢ëһڵ˵Ҫμӿƾ٣
ŵ˻񣬵ͷǡ
ʲôģҡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵л塣
Ǿöˣμҵģסμҵģץμҵģŵɲ
˼飬ǾãԼ治翿ˡ
Աɣ棬Уɣ顣
λڸ߼ԱȨãУͼݲһƷԱְ߲ͣոպá
ŵ֮ǰû뵽ΪжǸ˾һ֣һָƿش򣬾Աɺ¸
Уδ˾񷨵ĹԱ
вУǾ񲿵ļ¡
˭˭ǲ뱳ˡ
극ŵܼͨ˾еϡ
ϣλУʥ״Ԫ
͢ררⷽ棬һֱ᳹ĺܳףƳɼڣٷְٻ񲿻ָּ̫Ĳš
񲿲У̫Ҳԡ
ϴûڵһʱ䣬ŵΪҪˣֻ̳ʱ䲻
̫ǧʦҪԵ࣬˺
񲿹ԱǵԼŵ̵ģֻԽԽ죬سкܴ㷨Ҫ
ڣλУ״ԪΪٶ꣬һֱ񣬼ȲٵˣҲ潣˾ﶼûİѱʲôץأ
˲ˣ飬ǽµĹԱɡ
񲿡
ûһӵʱ¬ʢеһ񡷡
ȻΪУĵﱸˣѾΪǵϤе̡
һ˵Ƴ⣬ҲѴ̡
ѾĹ죬ÿϰԴʮʱ䣬һ©ûг
õʱѾʰӣеƷλĨӲһȾ
һУŹ÷ţȥ
ͨʱһλԱӺ
¬ʢͷһۣû뿪վ֮ǰԱһ񣬵ȶԷ֮ͨ󣬲߹š
Ա߹ֻ֮ͷ˵ͬΪ٣¬вÿζ˿
¬ʢ΢Ц˵ˡ
УɴʱӦóȹ
ȻɷжûȷĹ涨ȴԼ򵽵Ϊǡ
ɼˣҲֻҡͷȥ
뿪¬ʢ񲿴ȥ棬һλ񲿹ԱҪ񲿴ţ¬ʢһۣһ
λԱ̧ͷдˣѾ񲿴ŵֻ˻ȥʵʵվ⣬ȴдȹ
񲿣Ժؼж༱飬дȹ
Ҫעһ㣬Ż棬дҪȥû㱨ʱ򣬿д˵Ĳ豭ûˮˣҪΪϣд˯ʱ򣬲ܷκ
κһɻ䣬Ȼд˵ʱ˵ʲôص֮󣬾͵űд˴СЬɡ
¬ʢ̧°ڣķżһͣſڵ
񲿸ķӣסԶһЩõĸ߷壬񲿻ؼңҪʱ
˵ǰãܽʡһʱ䡣
ԱˣΥ񣬻ΥɣΪУȻ顣
ұߵĳʻ
¬жڳڣеҲ̫Ļζ

飡
ĳһ̣ųĺȻɲͣ
¬ʢӦԴصײڳ֮ϡ
ԴŭƿȴǰվλԱ
˵ĹٷЩ⣬߼ͷλãһ߷ƵС
Ǵµı־
ԭֻδ֮󣬴µȨʲô鶼ܣٹٲѾã޿κΡ
λµĹԱ¬ʢǣеֱȻҲ´ץסİѱ
λ¹ԱʵλˣǺ⣿
һ˿˵¬ˣΥɣһ˰ɡ
¬ʢ޾壬ͦţʵŶλ˿ɷ֪٣Υһɷ
λĴة΢΢һЦ˵ɡɡһʮ涨·֣ܹٱϣأȥٲɹ죬¬üŻؼңҲҪעⰲȫûײˣײèҲǲԵġ
¬ʢ촽˶ȴ޷
ĳٿ
ǿһ㡣
Ϊ˴鲼ã·ٹһ쳣ӵʻȻ粽С
ֻؼҡ
ô
ȷˡ
ɳٵֲֹһΪƫƫ
ָԱ߼۶һȻĳҲˣΪʲôץ
һλͷĴة˵̫ˣס¬˲ҪˣƷ٣٣ҲǷʮģʡһʱѣȥ£ȥʱ·ҲͲˣܸϻؼҳԷ
θ
ŵڿ飬ſţȻò̫Ծ
ôԽԽ죬飬еݣͻԶԺи֡
ƺⱾ񡷣Ѿ顣
ֻ⼸ҲһЧ
󣬳һİӵĻ
ŵЩϲ
ֻǱһԵ̬ȣû뵽ȻĿԡ
ԭϤƣҲس
ĳ͢ЩԱǴǧɱģһ
ֿƣ֮ƣҲˡ
ŵǼƵһߣ񣬳֮⣬ֻƵġ¡С࣬ûʮİա
׼һˣٰЩµ
߳θʱûؼҵĶ塣
һֻ̤ţŵʶͣ½Ųһ
һ٣ͬϰԵͣ£ѾŵĽ˻ͷվȴ
ŵżһ塱Ȼ
ţ˼ʶʲôͷʻԶ
˹ˣղſŵôһд˵ĸо
һԣ·λš
һεҡҡͷһд˿ϰˣ˿ԣʶľ·


112 ҹݺ
θ
СԺ֮ڡ
ŵҡϣĽһһҵΪȡ
Ǿ¶ʮƾƣֻһûеν¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ŵûΪŬֻÿһζʧܸա
ƺĲͬǣƣǿƾٽˣ볯Ϊ٣Ҳõ̫
ƾ֮󣬳ǽУƻò
ȥļ죬ŵôԺץ˼λ֮ǰͨƵĹԱȴûһλܹ䡣
֮ǵļ˲Ĳӡ
ΪƵĶŵĹԱǣҲ˾衣
ǿʼʱ°࣬Ӳٵˣ絽ˣϸƳ٣Ҳôȥ¥ˣ¶û취
ŵҲסˡ
ͨˣھУǴµҲ첻ĵط
ֻʵԼ
ְֵİ֮£˵٣ȷÿ춼
ǣ֮ϣڸƶϾ׼мУͻصԼԭȵˮƽ
ʱվŵֱۣҲᡣ
Ϣһ֮ŵվ𹭼
ĳصҪûôϸ񣬲ȥרŵϰ
֮Уо֣Ҳ䡣
ֱǣʸؼؼעؼؼǣÿһͬɡ
ŵĿǰϰ򵥵İʸ
ʸ˼壬Ҫļ͸Ӷͷףʸ׼ȷ
ƾ֮ʱҪվڼеʮ֮⣬һ䴩Уͷж
е򣬻ʯͿףҪʸͱ䴩ӿĵλãͬʱ׼ȷ
ϣŵܹУֻҪͿˡ
׼ȷϣǲһ㣬ֻмУܲɫȫ
ŵһŲ
ͻĽ࣬һѰж˺ǽϡ
ŵתͷ˹
߻ˣһλ褰Ľԧ죬һλҲĳλŵЩӡ󣬵в֡
ŵ¹ʵ˹𣿡
΢΢һЦ˵ûʲôҪ飬ԧιӣ£˳ݷһ¹ӡ
ĿǰҪ˹ˣҲ֪᲻ͬ⡣
ַȻ¥ô㣬˵ףҲ̻糾֮أԱɣδػͬȢŮӻؼҡ
ŵָָһԺӣ˵Ӧ˯ԧԼȥɡ
ͽϢŵͬ褰ͺҹߵһڲ
ԧȥˣ˿ŵеĹֿ˿ԶļУʵϰ𣿡
ŵȡһ֧Ź˵ǰ
׼λŮӺȻǰֱҲ˲̧˼֣Ȼɡ
ŵɿ֡
ݣ
ƿնȥġ
ŵɿܹȥǸʸֻͷףһ֧İʸ
ַɿܻһĽСŮӣʮ˵ﶮ
ûԶֻ֣ǵŵĶôһӶû¡
Ůû˵Ц˵ҺһεҹݺҹݺļӶء
ŵλҹݺʵ᲻᣿
ҹݺûпڣнӹִӼͲȡֻ֧Źһ֧ڼ̵ʱ֮ڣ
ǰһʸʸȥʸʸ֮Σν֮Ի
ŵ߹ȥֻڼϿһס
ջģһףҲġ
ŵ֧ûѰУ˵ղļǴŵղŵļдġ
Ƕô׼ļ
ŵ̽ʵע
ʸ֮ʱ̴٣ϼżУν֮ע
עǽ׵ҲѵģҪڲ׼£ʮ֧ҲѰС
Ѱкܼ򵥣΢ͨ˶
׼²ѰУͺˣ⿼Ѿ׼ȣֱ
ҹݺͲȡһ֧Ź䣬һ֧ոѾȡ˵ڶ֧
ŵֻȡܿ죬֮ϣͲ˼ʸ
֧ȫڼĵİɫ֮ڡ
ֱֻӴӸղŵļдûڼϡ
ûеŵڣתǰһȻתһʸĶ
֮һߣԭָ䣬þһ߶ˣʾбڿƾָת䡣
ҹݺٴļ֧ʾΣ׼˼бԵĸ׵㡣
ļֱڰӵĸָλȻ򣬳ʾΣν֮Իǡ
¶ЦݣʵôûƭɣҹݺļΣ
ŵĿɿڴ
μӿƾ٣ò״ԪҲøǰ
˿Լʱ򣬺ǿʡ
ˣһš
ҹݺļȷ߳
ּˮƽƾƣ̽ȡ
ѾĳͷŵĴҹݺӹָһԵʯ˵ҹݺ˰ɣϢᣬȥ㵹衭
߻ط䣬Ƭ̺󣬶һˮݵҹݺС
ĿֱĶŵָָڣ˵ﻹв豭˹ڿʵĻԼȥҾͲкˡ
˲ʣҲû˼ˮ
źȻڵŵиֳһͷ
Īǣϲҹݺ͵ģ
ˣΪʲôԼÿδĻ֦չһۣҹݺô飿
ϸ룬ܴܺ
ҹݺλӣȷЩ֮Ƕһ䵭̫ˣԶûЦݡ
Ȼһ㡣
ǶûԼ˵ġ
ϲСģ
ŵʵֵֻĵ
ҪȻ˹ÿζǰȥһͰѳֲסˡ
ֻسˡ
룬ôܰλҹݺϷץȥ
ļ֮󣬿ƾգŵ͵ˣԺΪ˶ġ
ҹݺŵ˵ǶԼȤպҿԽ㡣
˼ŽôѱͽȥŵЩΣ˵ҹݺЩԡ
Ҳȥˣת߽䣬˱ˮһѹͷĻ
ŵҹݺʱ򣬿վڷǽϹŵһ档
ӻǸʻ
˻ͷŵʵ˻Ǻ
ŵʵôˣ
˿Ŵ˻˵ĻȻЩۣɫʵãҲǵˡ
ȻǶԴ˻ĳޣŵóУôְġ
Ҳ֣廨ôã϶ȥ
ŵʵ˵Ļ˹Σ
΢΢ͦأ°ͣ˵һЩ
ŵ¶Цݣ̲סããá
ץһҲץץҲץ˵׿ĻӦƾ㹻ˣҲһرա
ο˻廨ѧ˻ܲӿ
˿ŵʲô
ŵֵûʲô˹ﲻɣû滭Ͳ廨ǲŮ
ѵȻԼǫ˵黭Ů赸ЩŮӵĻգʲôġ
μ˴߽۷ˣŵпˣ
ٵ㣬ʮ㻹һ


113 μ˵ķ
ԧ褣ԼƵһ
ǹˡ
յԧһ˯ⶼûˣܵŵǰҫԧָҷģ𣿡
˵ǰѧʱҲŮ͵͵ŵûôNɪ
˰֣˵һȥ
ԧˣ˺ҹݺҲ뿪
ȵߺŵμˣ˵Ϲ˵黭ʲôãЩûõĶǴα˴һ⣬֮ûУס
ŵʼվã黭ŮӸӦѧ
ԱԼԱˡ
μû˵ʲôŵ˻飬еһ飬Ƭ̺е£һˡ
ߵθſڣܼ˵ȥá
ʱһʻϡ
ҹݺ۷ˣʵ˵κ˶ݵȹ𣬵ͷȻҪͨԧػ
ԣҲ¶֮ɫ
Ӷˣ軹ǳԷȲ裬ûһǮϴκȻţһټʹһ֮ʮ죬ûгֹ
⼸죬ѾڻЩԵˡ
֮£ֻýԧ褵ɣٴεţܶסЩ˵졣
ҹݺŷˣʵ㵽ва
һҿͦϲģҪܰһǵģôϲġ
ҹݺŭʲô˼
˼
ڸϳԧ죬ͷһۣڵѾŤһ
ҹݺȹڱõ䣬ֳ޳ȣ˵±¶Բѩס
ڵķ⣬컡
ʱá
һ²ɫ֮ǰöˡ
ǿŵʱϳԵĻҡ
æӭǰϼһ˿Цݣ˵ӽôпչˣ
ܺܵŵ󰸵ģѾʡͷˣһΣĶӵȻʲô飬Ϳʰ̸׼ˡ
˻ɣƺ󰸵ģܲŷģһ£òӣ¹ٺ¡
ŵʲô£˵ɡ
ҿ˿Сʵ͢ǲڴԱˣ˵йԱ˱ץˣ֪֪֪顭
ŵ֪顣
Ϊ˾ץġ
Щ͢Աϲ׽Ӱץֻ̣һżȻ¼
Ա飬ӵϿȻҪǴġ
ϣҲĽֹ
ִϣ͢ȴ⿪˺ܴĿӡ
ЩһȨĹԱǣͨ㣬ô϶ŮҪꡣ
ĳֽǶЩȥ¥ĹԱ̫Ǵ̰顣
ŵܰ˰֣˵ģûе£ֵط˻ȥ㲻͢ץסһȾʲôҲá
ŵȷܷ֮ģȻЦʵãӦʲôɣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵м飬Ҫȥ졣
ܸŵС˵˼䡣
֮¶ɫʵӣķ˹ŮΪʲô
ŵüһʵ˭˵ҵŮ˵ģ
ܿһۣС˵飬ȫ֪
ĸûʵļһﴫҥԣȻ֪ܶˣҿͨûбƭ
˰֣˵ȱЩ飬û⣬Ȼã⣬ҲҪƫ̻¹УصҪѷ˺һҹݺץ̱˶ǿ㡭
ܿŵƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ЩӵĻ֪ġ
ôʵû뵽
ҪӢ۾ʲôµĽɫݡ


˻ص֮󣬿ͭеԼô޷ͨ
ղźҹݺֻǽüĴ֣Ϸѣ벻ףʲôطҹݺ
òģաҹݺûһ
Ҫ˵һҹݺҲֻмˡ
ļȷȲҹݺϾûһλֵʦҪѧϰĶ̫࣬ÿ컨ʱϰ
ǼһҪϲöأϲŮӣ޻˵
ڷʱԧ߽䣬˵˽㣬ûˣ˵Ҫʡ
ûж룬˵Ҫǲɡ
ĸ̻ÿ³Ҫ͢˰ڼ䣬͢ʱ˲Ŀⲻǳ̣û˰©˰顣
ûнϣʼ޼ϵļ֦
Сʱ֮ԧٴ߽䣬˵˽㣬ʵˣûߡ
˷еļ̧ͷ¶ɫ
̻ô࣬Ŀ̫ܲϸһ£һʾˣʱûߣһ⡣
Īǣ
Ѹ𣬵ȷ˲ͬе棬֮ǰѾͣһʱ䣬ѵʱĵϸֿʼǶ˼ˡ
¥ʱÿһλŶĹԱָʱ˵£Ǳý˰ǧʮȴֻǧһʮʮ˰˭µģȥһˡ
ҹݺߵߣ˵·©ӵʣʮ˰
˿λԱЦ˵λˣǲ˼©ʮ˰ǵʮϣвУ
ǹԱһۣȻ˵ʲô˼ǳã©ʮ˰ˣٷĻҲŲñթ𣿡
æСŮӲҡ
뻧Աˣǳǵã©ɵ˰Ȼдһݼ֣´עٷˡ
ĿɨһĻĿܿһˡ
ĸزƽƽ
ôŮУֻһزƽƽ
ҹݺʵʷ
ҹݺ˵ͷ
Աָָ˵ҲΣһȥá
ȻǰĹԱһ¹ӣ˻ǾΣԧʹһɫ֮Ȼҹݺ߰ɣλ˵ˣֻС¶ѡ

θ
μְֵĽŵ褺ȻҴҵܽһ˵÷ȱˣ˹ҹݺﱻõ˴ˡ
ŵ¹褺ԧ˵Ǳģȥÿ
Ƭ̺һſͣ£ŵ߽á
ʱŵӳ߳ŷ˺ҹݺ
ĵӪ̻ʵǿԵģ˵©˰ǹ˰һҲ̫صĴ
ֻҪ©˰ȻдһƱ֤ĶͿˡ
Ҳᱻͷš
ڷ˿ȴ
ҹݺ֮󣬾ͱؽ˴ΣǷݱ֤飬дģŵûҲ֪ʲô
ûбһ֥С٣Ҳ۵ͷϡ
ŵʩһ˵鷳ˡ
ŵ˰֣˵С£Ժǵðʱ˰Ͳˡ
ū֪ˡ˿ֵҪҪȥСһū³л֮
ŵٴλ˻֣˵ԷͲˣ˵㲻ֻ𡭡
©˰ģҹݺͷΥҲġ
֮ϣֶ
ŵŻȥأпȥԷ
˿ŵԶȥ³һ֮
ϴλĺóء
ξˣ
˵ģ찡

ŵصμʱӲԺ
ϵĹһβֱۺ͹Ϊһĸо
ŵȡһ֧Ź䡣
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ϿտҲֻڰĵλãһССĿ׶
ŵ˿뿼ǣƵһС֮⣬ؼؼؼѾȫ룬ȿƾˡ
Ժſڣμ˾վ
ղŵᴩͬһλõĻ棬۵ס
ָ߳ļ£Ҳ
ҪԼ̡
ʲôԼǰȴװʲôӡ
ЩӣҲ˲ٴԡ
Ķӣɵӡ
֮ǰһУֻǴΪ˱Ϊ֮
ܼ˵ܺá
ļҲô߳
ΪʲôҪԼأ
Ȼ뵽´ףҪ˯ʱǲҲ
ŵȻУͷ˿ȴſʲôûС


114 
СԺ֮ڣŵߵӺ󷽣ǽϵļպá
˵Ѿõҹݺ߳ļԼԺ󻹵
Ͼ˯֮⣬ΪģԺӽĻᡣ
ͨ⼸Ĺ۲죬ŵһ顣
Ҫ۵ļӦǲҹݺġ
֮ô׼Ϊﾳߣޱȣ쵽еλãܹǿнƫļذġ
ҲֻܽĶҹݺȴֱͨ۵λãԼһ䴩ĵԭ
˵ŵͲò²һ䡣
ŮӣһһεεĹѧʲôϸ˾ȻǸ
ŵĿ⣬򷨵һҳ
Ƿ˵Ļ
ŵϣȻҲбϿɵس
ŵص䣬ֽϹƬֽ̣ܿϾͳ˼ˮīɻ
Ի˼ʣһ֦÷ĵڱ¡
⼸仨ν߱ţĵޡ
׿óˣƺó
ȻﻭҲŵٴʣʱһλŮӵ󣬱ԾȻֽϡ
ϵŮò欣޶ӹףֲﻹ͸һָ߹ǡĵĽ塣
ĵݷˣҲʲ
ܰѷ˵òô񣬲ܽʻɲһ׵顣
Կ˲Ⱥ׿ĺãҲѷɫѹŵ˵Ⱥ׿Ǿ仰
μߵŵ󣬿ŻϵŮӣ˵ĺܺãܷλʡ
ȷĺܺãĻá

ŵеĻһţͷ˵ȻһָУһĽٻ

θ
ŵԺϣɬ
ʵǹҪ˵ģñͬʱҲһЩ˵ϰߣֻ˵ƽʱܾϲԼ
ŵ˽⣬еСģô֡
˵ĻȷȺ׿ҪãŵΪӺĽʻ֮󣬵óһۡ
ҲĿˡ
Ժһɹ̫һ߱ĿϢʱȻǰһ¡
ŵ۾ɽ塣
ӸµĿ˵˯ˣ쳤һ׮ȥһ顭
ŵȻûְ̲Ҳ̲ˡ
չˣͷθҪô˾ڣҪôǴ鰸ŵЩȫĹ͡
˵ŵ̾˾
ŵǰص㡣
ϣͣʵôˣ
ŵġ
ûϸʣ˵ȸ㽲Ӱɡ
ӣһ׮ҵɱ˰
λߣǳĳ˼ҵһԷޡ
޶ڳһҾ¥Ϊشش¥⻹㲻˾ͻ˲ټʣڳһլ
ϣҵ˷˺ĸû𴲣뷿鿴󣬿ڷС
ͬʱһЩĲҲͳͳʧ
ŵȥҪŲǲߵˡ
ڳһֱӲ֣⻧լԺʱ̲Ѿֳ
߽䣬һ˵ʬ壬ֹ۲һֳƬ̺߳˵ߣһ˱̴ʧѪһԺܶӦҲǵֳĺۼǰֽйݵĲֻһˣܻһЩǳΪ̫ߣҲпֻͨˡ
참ֳҪŵרҵĶࡣ
⻧˼ҵջƣƸˣټˡ
ƸĹܼңʵвĺۼбˤĻƿҹѵûʲô쳣𣿡
ܼ̾˿˵үͷסլϷǾסլ·ԶʲôҲ
Ŀŵŵ΢΢ҡͷ
һ鰸ѾĬŵҡͷ˼ǣûзڳпɵˡ
һװҪ֤ǲߵ
ģڣֻмʱǻƸΪŵʾ
ûʲô˵ֲֳ
ŵǹܼҵƼе˶𣿡
ǹܼ˵ʮˣˡ
ųƸ˵ɺ󣬾ǵҵԱ˷֣Ǭһݣʱɱ˵Ŀ
ͼĽ˰ƵĿܡ
ıɱ˳ϣܺܿȷݡ
Ϊĵԣʱɱˣɱ˵Ժ֮ززץϣʮãˡ
̲Ĳǣ߸Űײʬ̧
ү
ˣ
ĺòҰ
Ƹǹڵأ޳һƬ
ߵƸܼߣʵϸ룬ҵүͷˣƽʱûʲôңֻⳡĶ֡
ʻʱŵ߽ķ䡣
ĵϣдѪ䣬Ҳһҡ
ε¹󿪣ɢڵϡ
ݻƼ˵еĲ˺ĸķ䣬䷿䣬Ǵøе˽ɨԼԶֵġ
̲ˣûڷҵʲôӦǱִˡ
ֳһ׮͵ĵɱ˰
ɵļʱ֮ڣŵڽͷйʱ뷸˲Ҫץڴ롣
ŵһ·š
ȻѾϾˣмλãȴһԵºۡ
Сţ뷿µĺۼ
һӡ֤ղŵжϣ˲Ǹ߾ߣҲֻǵڶֻǵһ
Ϊܽ壬׵Ĳš
ﾳǿԸտš
ϢҲСˣɱͨˣὫֳŪһ㣬ҪôֻһǳҪôֻһͨˡ
ŵϷţ˿Ϸ죬мķ϶֮С
ͨСͨŷ졣
õģһֱʵߣרͨŷġ
һνù߲ţߡ
ŷԽСѶȾԽ
ŷ첻ͷ˿Ϲ򣬼߳
ˣŴϣζ˾ڷڡ
ڷʱԣ˵˲ո߳ӻǳ֮
߽䣬ŵʲô𣿡
һո߳Ĵ沦ŽģҪڻϷ˯ʱԣСľǣӶɱڡ
ŵʵʳʲôûУ
ƸĹܼ˵үͷˣƽʱûʲôңϵľֵмѾȥ̲ϵˣһȥ̲
ŵ˵ͷ˵ûʲôˣȥ̲ɡ
ϵľ֣ɱˣαװҵԣûԶ֣ҲӲĸ֪
Ҫ뿪ĿⲻһƲŲȻס
ŵûиͷ죬ʵôôˣʲô֣
ŵ򷿼Ҳһǽǽϣһ
һɽˮ
ʵ⻭𣿡
ŵĺܺãǳá
һۣװֳȻˣ
²ⲻ
ŵ
ʵҲǷ˶
˿̵ŵƽʱŵŵ+ҹݺ+˵Ľ塣
ȻҹݺԺԣҪǷˡ
˵ĻȺ׿ߣܵϿɵġ
Է˵ӽǿȻһֲ󼰵ĸо
˻ǹͼɫʣǱʴһ⣬һλʦ۷֮
˻¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʱץס˵ȱ𿴻ˣ鰸Ҫˡ
ŵû뿪ָ˵㿴
Ŀȥʵ֮ôˣ
ŵû֮
ͷ¶ɫ૵е죬ǳλԱ𣿡
ŵڷ֣ӵһͬ㡣
ûĻ
һ㻭Ͳû֮֡
Ĵҹ㣬ҹŮǲܲѧ黭ġ
ŵתһ룬ҲûĸҹҹŮ޷ҵģѰŮӵı׼Ҫǡ
Сһ㣬һܺӳΪܺõѡ
ͨºŵ͵֮ǰһʥ漣࣬ÿһмߵļֵɽͼǹ֮漣Ǿ޼ֶ֮㹻
һŴҵ漣۸ڡ
Щ˻ûʥ֮ơ
֮ǹϵĻʥһڴ½йҶû顣
ǰһλûСһ֮أȡһ֮漣
Ϊ£ϣԡƷȨΪһʡ
ɴ˿ɼ֮漣ļֵ
ôصĶƼôУӦƷɣ
ŵԼȷǲƷ
ںͷ˺϶Ϊһ
ŵƶ˵Ʒ
Ȼʹ˰ûʲôϵ֮漣һС˵ļôһ顣
һؤŽһ
ô׼ȷӦؤڽɽ֡
ͲһӵеĶ˵һС˼ڴŵССľһ¡
ŵʻƸĹܼңܼҲ˵˻ֻǵյƼҵʱ͹ˡ
Ƴŵһۣʵ㲻ƷƷ˰ɣ
ŵ˵Ʒܷµ̶ֳȵƷֵҲǲɹģ٣լӴ´࡭
ЩԾլȻڳĵشֵҲǧӡ
ŵ˵ģĵҲδ̫ˡ
Ǵ˼ңҲֵܽǧӵĲڼɱˣһЩ͵ߡ
ҲҪһʶ
ŵô֪Щģ
뿪Ƽ֮ǰŵ̲ˣȽƼҷ˻ˮ㡣
Ϸûã󣬻ƼҵĲƲη䣬Ҳһ⡣
뿪ƼңʱŵߣļʵιѰɣ
ŵȻ
ֹѣƾ˵Ӧõѡ
ʵȻѣ⣬ʵҡ
ŵʰɡ
룬ʵǲǸûɵ֮ǰЩ˵ɵӵϢֻųҥԡ
һɵӣź£ôܵһֺ٣ô
ܾˡ
Ͳɵˣ෴κ˶
࣬ŵȻܽ͡
ûкӣĿǰ΢΢ͷ
ŵõ˴𰸣ŵĴȣҾ֪װģ
ŵĬĬĽִŲһ£ʵǵģҪƾٰ
ŵٴεͷ
ʵ˽ʿȥĸţ
⣬ŵѾǹˣҲû˵̲
˿ܻãȥ²ʺϵġ
㲻ȥ£ҲܵµԴ
ָ̲ӵ˴£ŵѡ
οļ˵úÿʱ̲ǻʲô˵
һ̲̫ˣߵĹԱһҪ
Ǻһ˼
˻ص̲÷һλ¥ƹ񣬾ͱ̲
ˣԩ
ʮӣҲɱƹ񣡡
죡

Щ޷ǾеСǮˣ̲Ժӣһߺԩ
ŵǰ߹⣬ûκηӦ
ʵѾˣǹҲֻǳڽ֤
ⳡϣʹ㲻ʵֶģһ㲻еɱˡ
ŵ΢΢ҡͷȻ߽÷
Ƭ̺Ҳ߽ŵ棬˵ӣƵˡ
żȻİʮоŸץֵġ
һʮŵǲԸ׷ġ
룬˵һСëֻв԰֮£ߣ֮٣ԣҲңʱٶ֣ڣ͸ҹȻңɱ˵ģȻСëĴ̫࡭
ŵҲˣһеĹء
ԣһϢ
ԲΪ٣ԱץΪܡ
һ˵ˣգո߳ߣ˵͵ͨˣ͵ǿߣҲöԷ޲
ԱץóģղУųö
ĵڼңҺ޲µ߲ȥ
͵˷֣֮ܣ֮󻹶ɱ˵ģǳеĳ裬ᱻųһ
Ź⻬°ͣͷ˵еЩ˶ץ˵ҵֲ֣дϣ֪Ľٸˡ
ŵȻ֪һ㡣
ɱ˵Ĵһץǹնס
ûץģû鵽
֪Ҳ֯ģûнǵ֯ʲôһڣܳɹǵ֯ܲ鵽ܶõϢ
Ȧӵá
ЩϢŵϴδɽС͵ȡġ
ǣôܴڲأ
űϾʲô֣֯͢ʻᱻһ˵
ˣǼڲһ㶼ǵϵȦҪȦҪнˣҲ·
ŵ˼ӣĿϣȼϣϵһֻӣԹԵİ
ǰʲôӣǰ뷽跨ư
Դŵһжһˡ
ڿЪЪ
öӵĸоð
ϲŲĸо
ĳ˼֮󣬿ŵ˼Щ˼һõӵݵŵߣ˵룬ȳԸӣӺġ
һλ̲´߽һĻһ˲֮۾˵¹ٺȻۼ֮㿴̫ˣ


115 
ʱһգŵٴá
ץסܶСëöаס
ĸץҵûд꣬µףץа׵СΣһҵҲĬϵĹء
õĲǣЩ塣
ŵˣץ˼ùëܲͨǴͻƿڡ
ЩһãͿʼ޵
ԩ
Ѹаˣ
죬СЩӣûٷһӡ

ܱЩ˳ͷûұ죡
⼸͵ʵ˭֪ţ
ʲôţ
û˵
Ҳû
ӣһãȻ
ܵĿ⣬һһɨǵı󲿷û˵
һļһ˵û˵ȴЩͿţװġ
ŵڼһۿ˵ı£һֱĽ
رо
ȻûŵǸ̶ȣҲͨһЩϸ΢ı飬׼ȷж϶Էû˵ѡ
ָָӣԼ˵˿ԻȥˣηЩҪ
Ƭ̺ηڣӲ˵ˣСˣСûٷˣ
ϣһȣ˵˵˵ɣô£
һ㶣ҡͷʲôţС˴û˵
ûʣһַڻ¯пţ¯Ķ˲ܿͱյͨ졣
Ҳû˵¯ͱͱ海ĵĸ
ӹڵϣͷʼֶ亹Ҳ֪ŵģȵġ
ѵ
еСĿڻ¯Ƥϣһ졣
嶶һ£̧ͷ˵ˣģСҲǸոռţ֪鲻࣬СͰ֪Ķ

ǳʿ
ȴǳĵײ㡣
ȵײ㻹ҡ
ʮॵͣûȢޡ
ȥ껨˴ңòȢ˸ϱΪû׼ӵ½ǮͶǮϱ˯һҹ
ڶʱѾ߼еĲˡ
ǷãòھӶƴգ˵Ǯ⣬һСģǮ˸͵ˡ
ԺͶ׷
Ϊ˻ȥҲʱһЩС͵С¶˾ӡ
ûֱץס˰һٴ򣬻סԴˡ
ܱҲǸ¶ΪٰٴǣͿʼ
𽥵ģԽԽãԽԽߣĴԽԽ١
ֱһ죬͵һ˵ϣץס
˲ûдҲû٣һ֯
֯š
˵ţ֪һвǼ򵥵˳ǣ
ԽǽĹǡȵȵȵȡ
ֻ֣ڽ͵·˺ɰģͼİ
Ǹ벻š
˵ţҪ͵һϽ
ӦģҲĵµĵǽѰֽ̽Ĺף߷ˮ
ҪֳһĲƺ̫㡣
û֮ǰÿֻܵģǿ±
˵ţѧôĵеŵİģɸѡĿ꣬ǰȵ㣬ʵʩжýӦϴǮһ׬ǰİٱǧ
Ҫǿѧɲţڣ˵š
ֺ£Ȼ붼ʹӦˡ
û֮ǰһ϶û¶ٵϹ
˵ţ춼¹ӣҹҹɡ
ǵŸıȻ׵ĽŹ
պ̫ˣӡϣð˵죿
ۣԲֿࡣ
պͲһ㣬Լ֪йڵŵϢ˵˳
Ƭ̺ŵ뿪á
Ϣ
ŵȼɭϣ˵һˣҶʹĴ󻤷ʮʮĹ¡
·ֹܸƬÿ£һʮͨڡ
ΪΧԱͨڶ㲻ϣֻ֪ԼĹµĳʲôӡ
ΪǸոռģûʸݵ㣬ÿζõȹ
ץһûõĵΧԱưæһ
ҲһöûС
ŵе֪Ĺ£ʱ츳š
ڲҲҵ˵ģÿҵϸĹ£ᱻ۳һĸ
ҵϸֱӽΪͨԱͨԱûб׸ģ׬׬٣ȫԼ
£ǶʮŬܵɸ˲ţԼҵ
Щ£൱ڵŵ̽
⣬ŵõһҪϢ
֮󣬵Żһڲıԡ
ǰŵһλǳˡ
Ĵ󻤷һλһλȥԭλã˳
֮λȱӦһλµݲġ
ֻ
µҵֱ࣬ίһλ»кܶ˲
µۣϲվһƽıԣ˭ն˭µ
ⳡԣ¿ԲμӣƽЩҵͻڣҲвμӵʸ
ԼԸμӣԾټһ
ŵĽǼϸġ
ͨԱ£ٵʹߣӵһʮ걸Ŀ̣ҪһһӡһһĽ
ֻܵȵȱλнĻᡣ
֮λĿȱһŸᡣ
ŵվſڣĥϢ
ǰŻ
¶ǰŵãץһλɽС͵ĵ
ǸòļһȻǵŻ֮һ
ˣ͵ʮӣԼ֣
ŻҲа
ϸ룬òڵ˵ȱ㣬ǳ
ô˧ﶼ˵ĹעĿ֮£Թôչ
Խƽĳ࣬ԽƽݣԽʺһС
Ǹɽӣͽ꣬ǧ
зǵȥţŵǧ⣬ٷۡ
ʱ㣬ʱ϶Ѿŵˣ̫ܰ׷顣
ſڣƫͷŵʵô죿
ŵ룬˵취ţ֮󣬻кܶۼһвŸ߲㣬ҲɱϷ򸾵֣ܴǵľۼ֮أһ򾡣ҲǴһӦӲΪ
Щգ˵ղҲˣֻЩվտܱţǲҵôһǵġ
ŵʵ𣿡
һǰۣһԡ
ŵ֣һŷͼķɫɰ
Ϥĺɰ΢΢һ㶣ʶԼ䣬ȴ˸ա
ŵɴ۾ʵʲôʱõģ
ŵ˵һԵʱ򡣡
֮ϣһĻѾ
Ⱥ׵ĻôһΣһʧ´οɾͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
ܽЩһ򾡣˵ҲܼӰϵ
һʺĴ⡣
;޴ջȣһģͲֵһˡ
һĿŵҸʲô㶼֪ʮڼжģǬʲôնһⲻ𣿡
ɰҺã˵һΡ
ֵŵˡ
˳ǣ򣬳ϵĹ֮⣬صǶʱİա
ؼһ䲻
ֻҪʱյĺãܼҺĸ߾ߣԲ
Ȼûзų£һ߷ų΢ĿҲǵĸ֪
ս״̬û߻һֱ䣬ԲŻŵɳ֮
ôǵʥҲĿעµ֡
ŵûҪ˵ϳȸȥط
ǳŵһĵ˿ҪǵһʱȺ
ոڳ£Ϳŵ֣ĺɰ
Լ䣬⣬ҺɰλãһοտҲ
ڣʱʱĴŵۡ
ʶʼŵδϹ
˼Ĺ۲ֱٵôô˵΢ָһʣֱƾ
֪ٶ
ʱſͣ¡
ʵʲô
ŵȻɡ
ȻԳ֣϶øһԼ
ڴ·ɶĲ÷죬߼˿Ƶģһͼֵӡ
ͷϵķŵĵ׹ҲǼֵƵı
Ҫǣ˳ûôÿȥ˭ţ
÷˰æ죿
˵ŵԼҲܸ죬Ҫǵ֣ԱС檵Ļͨ߳Ļױ׾ٵĴﵽҪЧ
ǵ
ܰε飬ǲĺá
ŮӣױǳԷգ㲻֣ԱС檣Ҳˡ
˶ڵŵĵʮ⡣
ҪԼΪױҪ󣬸⡣
˻ױԽԽÿԽԽģ
ɻɻʵʵŵҪ
˭ԼǷأ
׿һ㣬ԼΪҵĿɽ
ȻԼ֪
ֻҪ󣬾סڰеС
¥˵ķ֮ڡ
ŵױ̨ǰ۾ɷϰŪ
˴аȻ۹˵㣬ʵĿ
ָϵƿƿ޹մһЩĩŵͿͿĨĨ
Ķױ̨ǰεĹʧ
ȡ֮ģһƤЩڣֻˡ
ŵ۾Է˵ձʾϿɡ
Ȼ֮еС˧ȴ֮ǰ˧עĿ
ٻһ·ͷ˭Ҳỳݡ
ܼҴ߽һֲ·ϣŵүҪĶѾ׼ˡ
뿪ʱ࿴ŵۣ֪ү«ʲôҩ
ŵ·ʱ򣬷߳䣬Ϸš
棬װŮӣʶͦͦء
ĿӣСǸֳһ˿޵Цݡ
˿ǹĻȣЩա
⻹һĵĽѷһ
ؼǣģ棬Ҳ˵ʤ˼ҡ
֨ѽ
Ŵ򿪣һʱȥ
߳Ӱɵһ
Ȼϡϳŵ͸ղŵı仯Ҳ̫ˡ
ǰעĿһ
ڵȻҲֻ˵ƽƽ棬ȺУû˻⡣
ع֮ŵһжһСģԼİȫΪ
ܼһ㶣ʵСʲô
˵ŵĿܼ֮Űˣү򲻿ɣ
үЩɥĲĳ̶ȣΪ˱үֶον伫
ƽ©
үҪһж뻢ڣ
ŵһԼİȫ
ٶףʲôⷢҲܰȫӦԡ
һҪǸɳˣпܡ
ΪðһðҲӦõġ
һҵ֮˴һ
ܼҴӦŵҪ
Ǳ밲㹻ڰбŵҲûоܾϾܼҲΪԼ
ǵŵıԣʱأ뾡ڲ
Ϊ˲עĿŵ뿪
֮ǰͷһۡ
˺վһ
ŵһֱãӦǰ
ǹ¸ʤһ
ټһ֡


ĳֿڡ
ֵڴ˴㣬ƽﳵˮ֯ȻȻγһг
һƿһ
ճģȺĶ
߲ˣˣ
Ե׼ҪǮ
·ڵĽֵߣṆ̀ĿĻ̯ϣ廨ţСųȺдУߺؼ̸ʼۻ֯һ֡
ֵ֮ϣȺ˳ӿ
ڽֱߵһûһĳźΣĿŹȺ
ȷе˵ڶȺеһӰ
һλʮ˾ˣƤڣòȺУǳĲۣĿһͻ
ĵɲĳô͵
һ󸹱ӣֻǺĹҵǮʧˡ
еŵĹء
·ڣܣµǲԵġ
֮ûиΪС룬СʱϰٴΣȻûһʧ֡
͵С
Ƕôֲĵʣ
ʧ㣬ʧ֡
ǵ֣Ҳʧʱ
СӲѣһֱջ
ΣĶţûôֵġ
˵ֻǵŵһСС£Ĺְ֮ҲƾսģǿϵߺţϹҲ
ϣҲ̶ֳȡ
ᣬգصԳʱİѿأޱȾ׼
СǸš
Ҫǽ˵ţ˵£ڽǰ϶
ʱΪ·ˣڵţҲпɽˣ
⻹
վеĵڲȣһٶ̾ܽһ졣
ȶ岻롣
ԼûʵµǼˣûһõóֵģǿƼȥҲԼˡ
ܰѴԺҵóյı֮ϣҲܸһ
д⣬δվ
ͬʱֵ֮ϣŵȴȵеż
˰
ŵ̽ôûг֣
ʱ䣬ΪάЩܣѾķ
⴦ͷ󣬶С͵ԣǷˮء
͵ǮǮһ
רҵ۹⣬žԲŹĵط
ŵҲȷʵ￴˲ë
ΪҪҪ죬δȡʲôж
ë˲٣һҲû
ʱ䣬ŵԼ֪˶ٴΡ
ؼǣÿ͵궫º󻹵ܼǰЩǮƻȥ
컹ûϹ¾Ͱˡ
ŵЩйʱֱۺȻסһߵСֵܣҹעܾˣɷһ˵
ŵתͷһòƽƽӣ΢Ц
Ƽ˳顶ÿռӵһΣγ
ĴԽа磬ֱ˱ؽ֣ҺûһÿܼӵһεʯְҵѧٶѧᡣƾˣԼ˫ȭٳһ޵е֮ͨ·


116 
ͷòƽƽһλ˵ֱָۣŲԶһС˵ģֻ˵仰ѣô
˵꣬ԹԵ˹ȥ
վԭأԥƬ̣ڻǸ˹ȥ
߽ӵʱһֱֻ󣬰һơ
ֱĳ¥¥ߵλãܼɫһ䣬Ҫүƣε˻ȥ
忴ǰĵ㣬Ц˵СֵܣͲպܾտ죬ҿϰٴΣȻһζûʧ֡
¶֣㣬˭
ЦЦ˵СֵܣģҲǸһеģģҲẦ㡣
ԣϵľл⡣
ʵСֵܽʲô֣
תתûлش
岻ûвˣοСĽΪ֮Сӣϡ
Ҳû׷ʣʵûţ
ҡҡͷ
ķӦ֮УĹض֪Ҳ
¶Цݣ˵ǰûҪԺ֪УңбңģҲеңһ˵ǹƥ飬ĵ˶ûУ˵žͲһˣкܶͬһ𣬻иӦ˴֮䣬ֽ̽ٽͬôûȤǵţ
¶ԥ֮ɫʵţԼ͵ĶҪϽһ룿
ĹǣЦ˵Сֵܣʲôģ㣬أֻǰһӬͷС۹ҪųԶԼһˣۻһ²͵Ǯÿ͵ôһջ󣬼˵֮ÿֻôһ׬ڵİٱǧ
Ŀ˸Щ⶯
Щǣ˼֮˵ܲҿǿǣ
Ͼһ£һЩܹ⣬ҪֱӴӦ巴ҪǲǱġ
˵ļ˵ԣʱ䲻Ҫ̫ãͨˣϣҡ
˵˵ͷһ뿪С
˵ӰʧȺУʹһɫڰ̯ɣվȥ
֮ٴλصߣڡ
סĵطˡ
סڳǱһƬƶ
ﻹиӣŵʱǿˣӳһ㣬ĺܺá
ֹǺãֱ̫ˣСи

ԣ΢΢ͷмޣ˵ûʲô⡣
ֻСһﻹ̫۰˸˶֪ȵţҪ˽̽ôⱻ˸١
ģôܱ˸
Լãλ˵ڶ𸲡
ڶһ磬ˡ
ֱ͵ʱ˲١
ҹƺû˯ãɫЩƣȦҲںڵģ֪ǿһҹǺλƷĵӲ¡
ߵǰ˵ˣԸš
¶Цݣ˵ӭŴͥ


һªӡ
˴ӣλڴ۸ӵСǳþסڴˣԴ˵ؼϤ˺ҵ˴
ǵľݵ֮һ
ߣһеģȻҲܴһÿһ£Ҫһµľݵ㡣
ӰԺһ߽͵㼯һһġ
ջôô٣
ˣһķ򣬲Сʧˣ㱻ץסҪܵÿ죬ͼˡ
Сӣȷʧֲ͵ˣ
ȥģԻҵգܻҵƷ
У´Сĵ㣬˵ĴȣͷԼȥ״˭ȥ
˭֪أͷڻû͸ʲôڷ磬ϧղУȻҿ϶ȥһĺûᣬ˵ͳͷͷˡ
飡
洫
̣һǰţЦͷˡ
˵ͷЦСֵܣɡ
վſڵˣһСԺ棬ϵıЩԥƬ̺󣬲̤С
ЦЦСһǾ衣
߽⴦ŵľݵ㣬Ŀһɨ
˸ղŸŵ֮⣬ԺлվżˣһŮ
Щ˿ȥòдŲñũ򣬴ŴֲͷĸˣʿӣŵӵĻɡ
һۣû˻Ǻ͵ϵһ
彫ݣΪ˱ˮ˵
֮ԥƬ̣ڿʵλôƺ
ЦЦ˵һеģܸ߱壬ԺС
վ͵ļˣдΪȣͷСӾȻôԺҲðͽ
룬˵ԽСΡ
˵ͷ˵СΰȻǵţмأҵȸ㽲һ
˵˵
忪ڵȣҪģ͵Ķ뽻ͳһ䣬˽ĻǱŵġ
˵˵ͷ
˵һҪģҪ˵ģҲҪǺãǵţ֯йصģЩɢ͵ŽһеҪԭ򡭡
ɻʵʲôԭ򣿡
٩٩͵ϣ͵٣͵͵У͵͵ƣ͵򣬲͵¹ѣ͵Ա͵Ȩ󡭡Ϊʮ͵
˲ô಻͵
͵ٲֵģең˻žѾˣ͵ǣܱһ˹͵ǻⱨӦؤͷˣ͵ḷ́¹ѱͿԣͲö֣ڲ͵ԱȨΪǺãһץסŶģܻᶪС
֮⣬һЩСأ͵Ǯ͵ˣȡﲻȡЩ㶼Ҫμס
֣صĵͷ˵Ҽסˡ
ʵЩԭܽһ£ǲ͵ߣѩϼ˪ܻˡ
Ҳ͵ǿߣһʧ֣ĻԼ
ЩеǮûʲôȨģõĳĿꡣ
˿ڲˮˣɻʵСΰһ־տļգôģ
˳˼Ƭ̣˵˵ʵұҲЩֻһ궬죬Ҽǵ˺ܴѩһλ˼ңҼǰҰ˼ҷݣһҼסһʱ䣬Ϊ˸лңͽЩ
̾˿ӵ˵ΪһӶòЩû뵽
ļ򣬰οȣⲻˣ⹷յƾʲôЩ̰ڵĸɻۻȴֻܻ±ЩʲôɣٻƾճԷƾˮǮûʲôö˵ġ
οһˣп˵λȼõ˼ң϶һλŸ֣˼ҵ²úøɣպǰ;ңҲһ죬ʱ;͸ýСˡ
˳ϻ̳Ͽֵ˵Ҳҡ
˻ҪģԷƱһ䣬һת˵£иǧѷĻᣬǰҵŻһȣֻйºڲܲμӣڣƼȥ
˵꣬һ֮ҡͷ˵ңμӵŴȣвУҲеģҲŸš
˵ԷƱ˵ӵĻı£ǱȲϵģμδȣ㲻ܶҲڸ߲ǰС¶һ߲ע⵽ˣԺǨٶȿ϶¸¿죬ʱ򣬿ɱЯֵܡ
ǹ£δȣֱܹӲμӵġ
ı£ȥҲǱ˵ģƼСȥǰˣʵ㶼᲻᣿
һ㶣Ҳգ
Ȼˣǽ֣縣򣬴Ϊգλ˼ҽ˶٣
˵˵ͷ˵ԭЩǵգҶһ㡣
¶Цݣ˵ǾͺãõĻ˽죬ҾҪˡ
һԺȻصߵԺ¼ڵǴӺųȥ
뿪ڣߵſڣţվһӰ̹һ񣬹
Ӱһۣʱ䵽ˣαԣҪμ𣿡
νıԣҪԵľЩ¡
˰֣˵˲ˣ£¸һСֵܣȻᣬȴܸ߳²μӱ԰ɡ
ûж˵ʲôվһۣ˵ߡ
˵գתȥ
˼ֻعͷЩӵĿһۣʵ磬㲻ȥ𣿡
֪ڵʲôЦЦ˵ȥˣĵĸ߰ɣȵԽġ
˸ӣŴ۸ӵСߵһڣһͣ
ߵǰƽ˵ϳ
ϻˣŹ²Ŀһϳˣ̲סڡ
徹ȻûԼ
ǵ㱾£ȥҲǶۣ粻ȥ
ҲôһëͷСӰɣëûУƾ
ӿһۣ죡
ԣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
˴ӻȡڲӽ˵۾
˶ļһڲ۾
˷³˻ϵıӣĳʻȥ
߿֮ϣһֻľ𰣬ȶųԶԶ׹֮
⣬һ֮С
ʱ۾ԳܼҺ˵˶ˣǶˣӦҪȥǱ

ŵ۾ϣȫ֪
ﻹҪ۾ôСĽѹֵһֱԾӽ¡
Ҳôġ
Ϊεжصȥʡ
ߺͷ飬īһʦ
ܹٿطлأʵʱλá
εȻǰڼЩ֮ȴ˳
Ȼһˣȴһ쵼
ôĻᣬôøԼ
ŵԭǴš
۾֮󣬶ʱĸ֪Ҳôˣ֪˶ãڡһлͣ¡
³
洫ŵժ۾ĺڲ
һʱһܣΧǵͰ񷿣ӦǳǱƶ
ӵĴ£߽һԺӣ֮⣬ԺѾӰˡ
УӰͬźڲ
֮ˣŮһȥ˶Ҳ·˼·ң˭뵽ǾȻǵŵĹ¡
ŵԼȼ֮
û÷˽һ£첻ƽƽĶ顣
Ժڣһʵ⣬ô͵ˡ
ŵ˵ӵСĵû˼Ȧ
Ҳû˵ʲôĿɨһŵˣ˵ȻˣǾ㿪ʼɣһҪȥһط
ŵü΢΢һԷ˼ﲢյıԳء
һԣҪֲͬĵطЩһǽĿ¡
ɨһۣԺڳλ֮⣬ֻʮˡ
ŵĹʮλټ֣˵Ӧûв°˲ԣһıԳء
ǾȻķ˿
ʮ˲վһһĿɨһۣ˵һعʮУֻһ룬ʣµˣȥɡ
ԣٶһЩ仯
û뵽һؾҪ̭һˣһ󣬾ʧȥչʾܵĻ᣿
ָǰһԺǽվڵһλ˵ǶǽȻٷ
ŵվȺ󣬷ǽǵյĵһգҲһ졣
ڵ͵˺ɰȻ˲ڼʱҵԸȫ
ǽҵĵһ˱ڵһ
ԣ߳Уһξ룬ɵľԽǶ½һɸߵԺǽ顱һء
ܿģִһ淭˻صʱŵ֮ĵطо΢Ĳ
ŵ΢΢ҡͷǽǷȥˣص̫ء
ŵķǽɲǼ򵥵ķȥҪڷԽԺǽʱŪĶԽСԽá
һڰҹŵʱҪǸ̫Ķ׾ھӡ
ûھӣԺ֮ȮҲС
ԺڣλҲüͷ
ǽǷĲصôֻܸһҵۡ
ڶǽͷģһλɫƣ帾ŮӣĸͷСѡǽļӣ˼֮˳ǽͷ
ǽϷԽµʱûֱ£˫ǽͷ建£͸߶֮Ծ£ֻ΢
ʱҲõͬķ
ŵҡͷСˣٶ̫
ǽҵĻҲıϡ
Ǳ˷֣ǱԺĹ׷ϣô类˼ץס˰ٴˡ
ǽһᡣ
֮Ҳ˳ѸٵķԺǽ
ò˵Ź»е㱾µġ
˵ǽٶȺ˶˳ķ¸ǽ
ŵһֻһܣżǽν˾ѾԾǽͷûκͣԾ¡
ڿеʱͿ˵״
ܿ˰͹ƽ·棬ѡһΪƽ̹λãϥأ˳һǰ̣ûзκ
ͬķʽ˻ͬ
վǽµ¶˾֮ɫ
ôľ룬ûʲô
ǽһǣ¶ô
ˣе㶫
ȵվض飬һλ̲סʵ˭µĹ£е㱾°
һλͬ¶ɫ͵ǹ£һλƼˣѹôƼСӻмֱ£ҲǸӡ
ԣϵıӾȡ
ˣ
ˣ
ʵ̫ᣬƾһַǽı£˵ǻǶš


117 
һǽıѾ
Ժڣλվһŵʮˣһָָ˵㣬㣬㡭£֮ˣԻȥˡ
㵽ˣ˿
û㵽ģ¶ʧ֮ɫҲû˵ʲô½߳Ժӡ
ŵȻҲµ棬뿪ޱȣɶôװ׵ˡ
ֲܽȰ
ֻܰοԼܵ˺ֻܲҪһ򾡣˳ϣЩҲܲˡ
ͨһص˱һֱס˫ۡ
һΣʻʱࡣ
ŵٴ³ʱѾһİԺӡ
ŵѾ֪ˣ
⴦Ժӣλ
͸ղһμⳡԵģҲʮˡ
ˣӦڱĵطġ
һλǼҪ˵һµڶصĹء
Ժ棬ʮӡ
ÿϣ
ҵԵĵһǷǽڶ
һҲܼ򵥡
Ժеһ֧ȼ֮ǰǰϵ
Уκһûд򿪣ͻᱻֱ̭
֮⣬Ͼֻһϸ˿
һȼǸ֮Ǹϸ˿в̽
״죬ڲṹҲͬҪõֲͬĿ
ŵȻûпϵĶһƺǼ䡣
ǵһȫģʱǸֻȼ˲һ롣
ѸݵٶȣȻע⡣
ᣬ˼գ
ǸղûԽǽı£ҲǱѰ
֪ıôǴ´ġ

ʱţʮУаλһȼ֮ǰϵ
ˣź֡
Σλûǻط
һ˴һǰ˵һǰ򿪴ţֻʱ̣춯Сˣܽһԡ
ŵһۣǴϵġ
ҵԣ
˲ڼңŴϣҪõ
ڼңŴϣҪõһܣν֮Ի
Сš
Ϸ򸾷еõľַ
͵ĲɻǱرܡ
һѶȣȿҪôһ㣬ҪһѱСһһĲţ֤ٶȵͬʱܷ졣
ôҪո߳Ҫų˵ĵӡ
һΣŵǵһϵġ
ŵŷխǰСĵ֮ܲ׿ƣҲÿƣһжȻȻ
ʱŵƿš
λڣ˶ȵĿ
죡
̫ˣ
Сᣬһֿı£ʤ
ڳĵŹУ˾裬˻ǽ֮·谭
򿪷֮ŵվһԹ۲졣
ŵڣЩû֯ëȻΪ߳
ߵһģоӢ
֮Уֻһûһ֮˿ţˣΪʱ̫ãΪŪ̫󣬲̭
ŵĿ⣬˵϶ͣһ
ѶȣŷĿխͬ򵥵Ǹ˶ᡣ
Ҹɲࡣ
ֻжԼռţŸڷʱ֡
Ϸ򸾷ŷ죬ȸղűԵŷ컹С
Զͨˣ̫֣ûǸ¡
һĿܣɱϷ򸾵֣⼸֮С
˶ӣһСӦòһ֮ɱϷ򸾶ˡ
ˣһλǶʮ꣬һλģǶҲм´˰
ϧ밸Ѿһ죬ͨжϡ
Ȼ־Ƕ֮һĿܺСϾ֮⣬Ӧû⼸ߡ
СһСȦӣܱȴҪá
ŵе֪ԣǷƬġ
һƬֻƬԣͻỵ˹ء
ֻҪܲƸڵλĸƬλЩڸ¶ʲôˣܽһСΧ
ȻߵһƸİӣֻ˳
Ŀģǽŵĸ߲һˣȻ˳ϣ̾ڳǷ֯һ򾡡
ĹͣԶһ׮ܱȵġ
һĴ£߳ԺӣԺŴϡ
ŵͷһۣʵǼλȥ𣿡
λһۣǶϣΪδǰĹأҪ֮⣬κ£λϵͬһص֡
ŵгԾ
ŵĽԤ֮ϡ
ǾȻַհѿʶ
ִֻ֪һ˾Ĺ涨쵼˺ͼߣĳһŵһֺͶ֣Գͬһͨߣͬһ˾ĸ߹ܣҲܳһܷɻ
һ£ܻʹҺ͹˾̱
ǵţȫʶȻ˳ǰ
ȴƻļƻ
ԭΪⳡԣһеġ
ŵĴ󲿷ָ߲㣬Ҳֳ
˭뵽ǲ˿ȡ̭Ĺ򣬻Ը߲ķհѿֶΡ
һһĸ߲㶼ץԤԶ
ֻһһ
ٴ˫ۡ
ʻãͻͣ¡
ʾ£ŵ߽µԺ䡣
ĿһʱɨԺ䣬ֻλ֮⣬һλߡ
ŵλǰ
ͬɳƵ˵ٵһмû
ŵԺվһͿһλ
һλλԶԶŵԤڡ
еĲߣھǰ֮󣬾ֻʣʮˡ
ôˣһ򾡣ҲӲ˶
һߵ˵ǵĻܲǽյһ֮أҪԣΪߣǵµ
ԣɫЩ
ΪζʽΪŵĸ߲㡣
һ£ʮڣԴǮУȡɡ
Ȩǹûеġ
ŵ뷨
ΪнӴŸ߲Ļᣬԣڱصá
ߵԺм䣬һõɣ·ļǰ˵һǰؿںڵӺͭǮȡô춯̭
ߵһģǵžӢ
˲ڼңǽ飬ûжѶȡ
ְ֣ҵҵëķˮ롣
һǵŵգν֮Ի֡Ҫ·ʱϢȡĿǰڿڴĲ
֡һؼ׼ؼȡȿ鼼Ҳ
ͨײĿ͵³˵ַ
еģзˣڱײ֮󣬵һʱͻûжʧ
ĸ֣̽ȡ
Ժļϣ΢󣬾ͻᴥ
ͨǰصʮˣһǰ
ڿͨ˵ʱȡ߼ϵĲ
ʹϸĿӣֻ˫ָܲȡʽҪһ㣬Ҫ²ϵϰ
գʮУΪ̭
ֻ΢춯̶ֳȵĶ֮ʱ˼֣ᷢʮȣв㡣
֡ǵõֶΣĵ˵ͺͳԷˮһ򵥡
̭ˣʱܻȥֻվһԵȴ
֡͡ӦһܣΪ縡
ֻܵȡſڴеǮƣһֿŵĿڴһЩĸ˼ңʹùڻϵĺɰ
ɰǿڵģڻ߼򵥹Ļãǽϵţֻнϵϣܵ֡
ʹʹԷо˼縵գƬĵƬճʳָָϣϺɰ˿
Сë˵Ǻѵա
Դɳ㴳صĵžӢСƵ飬һأʮУȻûһ̭
˶˳ļ˼ϵɰ˿˳õɰ
ǺߣЩο˵ϷΪߵһʣˣû뵽Ȼʣʮ
ߵҲЦ˵ǵı£ʤͿһصġ򡯣˭ʤһˡ
ŵһգԵǰȻҲµʮ֮һ
һԣΪ򡱡
գ˵˾龳µĵԡ
ǽΪҵԱرܡ
֣縣Եǽͷԡ
һ򡱣ָͬĶ͵͵滻˵Ĳ
Ͻִ׹ųĺɰȻ֮ûˣûҲܸܵı仯
ڵԵ˲䣬滻ͬƷôֵĿܾͺСˡ
һԼյҪܸߡ
ȣøݺɰ׹ڶķȣж϶ԷϵĲжأͬĶ棬ѾרҵеרҵһĽͷԣô鷳
ŵıԣˡ򡱵Ѷȡ
һ䣬ϵһɰԺ߶
ʮҪͨ۲λĶԼɰζķȣжϳɰȻõصɳʯӴ棬ӽ߻ʤ
Ժڣʮ˶ĿתĶĺɰʱı䶯λãͼӲͬĽǶȹ۲졣
Ƭ̺ȡºɰ˵ʼɡ
ԣϵĿպɰʼɳ
ֵĻݼţҪʮ֮ڣһС
ͣ
һ£ͣ֡
óһƽϣеĺɰƽһˣһװõĺɰһˡ
ƽװĺɰһб
Ȼװˡ
򡯱ּѵģͨĿ⣬׼ȷжϳɰ˵ˣһ׼
һɰһɰȥװĺɰǹǹء
ԭɰӽģˡ
һˣһӣʶĹ£ͨգϣ֮һ
һˣһλƤиڣòէƽƽ棬ϸһе㰵ˡ
װĺɰһһ㣬һһ㣬ࡣ
Լò⣬ߣʵ˶ˡһѷʤ뻤ϡ
߿λˣʵʲô֣
˵ػ񡣡
ߵ˵ͷ˵ܺãԺҵµˡ
һ㶣ԭΪ˱һ£ֱֳʤû뵽Ȼֱָλˡ
ߵĻݵ֮Ҳ˲ˣŭⲻƽɼ࣬ƾʲôܳΪ
ߵĿһۣʵĹأ
ء
һɫȻһ䣬𾪵أ
˴ӻȡһƻ΢Цá
ĬĬӹƣͷҿˡ
Ҳûˡ
һ챻͵ˡ
֪ʲôˣ죬
ˣûʲô˵ģƣĶһķڷ˵
µȻѡڳ߸ɢȥ
СԺ֮ڣֻǺߣԼλ
߿ŵ˵ϷţԽŻԺֱϷ𡣡
ŵ˹֣˵Ż
ߵ˵ͷһӣ˵ոսܶ黹ս̽Ϥλá
ӵ˵ͷ˵ŻģһϤġ
ߺλ뿪ŵ˱ȭ˵Ҳȥɡ
ŵ߳ԺӣͣԺһ⣬ʱĵһ
λǽߵˡ
ĳª֮ڡ
ԺŲӣϵıЩǡ
Сȥôãôû
˵Խ˵ڱߵԽԶδҲ̫ˡ
ѵ̭֮Ҳ·
пܣ⴦ݵСͨ˴ƣ߸ʮ飬Ҳ
Сβһ飬Ҳ·Ҳ
׼ȥĽֿңСôҲ·
飡
ŵʱȻйɵ
첽߹ȥţվˣ¶Цݣ˵СΣڻˣԱ̭Ҳûϵ͵ǳʶˡ
վԵӿһۣʲôСΣûأ
Ƭ̺󣬷֮ڣ幧Ϊ˵Ȳ裬ŵЦлл硣
ɫһ䣬ɷСˣСͺá
Ѿժϵȥһˣ࣬뵽ǵŵʮλ֮һ
ӻȡһľƣݸŵ˵ƣպˣǧŪ֤ݵΨһƾ֤
ŵӹľƣľϷģ·ȴŲĳ״ۣӦαġ
ֵոճΪڵ񣬲ؼ֣ٹ죬ǰһεĵŴᣬʱڻһϽ»֣ϽȷٸӦʲô㾡Ϥλá
ŵ˹֣˵л
ЦЦ˵ӦõģȻȥˣ⼸ʲô飬У壬ȥ
彫ŵ͵ӿڣص⴦ݵʱţʵôʶģһһʮĸҡ
΢΢һ㶣Ȼϸ
̽ʵСΡ𣿡
û⣬Ҫ˲֪֮λҪвͻŴԹ𺦣СΪϣ⼸죬ʮʱĶٶһϸĵ飬زκ©
ȻƶСûʲô⣬ǵ˵ͷ˵ǡ
Ǳ
ŵߵֱһլԺš
һԺŴ򿪣Ŵֲϻױ߳
¶Цݣһסŵĸ첲˵๫ˣ
ֱܵϴѹȸУŵ΢΢һ㶣ûڣѹ˵˸٣Ҫ¶ڡ
ŵ˲䷴ӦҲѸٹЦݣԭת˸Ȧ˵ӣȥɣһϢҪ㣡
Ժſڣ޶Я߽ԺӣԺš
ԶһһŲӰ˿
λˣһҲ̫ˡ
Ȼֱֱľ߽Լң·ᣬûһ㷴ٵʶ
˾ȻҲܵŵĽƶȣںܴⰡ
Ϊ˹£һҪúõĺһ
֨
ʱŵĴźȻ򿪣⧲֮£ˤ
һ߶һˮҪڽϣվſڣſӣʵʲôˣʲô
¶Цݣʵ˼ңϲʶ񣿡
ָŲԶһլԺ˵ʶңʲô
ӵѣе飬˼ң𣿡
ЦЦ˵Ȼˣǿģʱ찡ܸоǰڵһת۾ͳôϱȢˡ
˭˵أ
²ˣඣ
˼ӹôһܳġ
Ǿͽ㼪ˣ

̸һߺ̸ݳԷЦЦ˵л˼Һ⣬һЩҪ죬Ͳˡ
߻ؼ֮һ˽ֶһԺš
ܿ죬ԺŴһ죬һλũźʵʲôˣʲôģ
Цʵʣǲң
һŹϣûǣб棬ôˣ
ӣٴˣȷﳤġ
ʱ
ݵ֮ڣӶ˵Թ£ˣﳤģûʲô⣬⼸죬ҪҪˣ
ʵ˼ھӣ
룬˵߰˸ɡ
°ͣ˵߰˸ĻӦÿȷˡ
ʵǻҪҪ
˰֣˵ˣǲ϶Ҳ˶ģСŵģû⣬֪ܲ𡭡


118 ʱ

ĳԺڡ
ŵ˹֣Ǹ˵ղŲð½⡣
򸾵ĸܺãҪ벻ɣǱװһ㡣
˰֣˿˵Ϊ˰ӣ˵Щʲôǲ𣿡
ܿת˻⣬ʵˣǱô
ŵóһƣ˵˵һ
ŵóƣȻһ⡣
һֱֵƺֻҪ飬һܹɡ
ŵ˵ŵ˺ܽûн˾һ𣬶ǷбԣҲûж֮󣬻һδõĻᣬʱ򣬵ŵĸ߲ۼһطһ򾡣˳ϣžͲˡ
ԣҲֳڴ֮ɫ
һͨΪ΢΢ܲ֯ľΪҲܻüɹ۵Ļر
ŵʵô죿
ŵ룬˵Ҫί¼죬ǻ̫ңĻ⼸գŵ˿϶ᰲ˼ǵһһúݼϷ
һڴӦ˵û⣡
ŵϷɱ̲ڸ˼ˡ
ң鰸Ḷ́ĳ̶ԽջҲԽ
һ飬뻹һֱĴ̼
ԾԾԵŵЩơ
ѾˣģΪ󻯣òٶȼ졣
ļ죬ҪϵܲȡõŵΡ
вأͻǰһ
浽ǼˣԷһ⼸죬϶ǲܻؼҵġ
취֪һǵġ
ʱԺ⴫ŵţͬһƾܼ߽ź󣬶ŵղòĴүҿүаţļֽǣҲһЩļһӦǼүġ
ԵŽĳ̶ȣ϶һոŵˡ
ЩŵԤ֮С
ΪεĿ꣬˺ܶ׼
Χʮ˼ңȫǵˡ
ܼҰݵģھӡ
ӡ
ҵԭ񣬱ӵġ
Ƿ޶ˣסСԺ
ȻŵҲӵˣӵĽɫȻӸʺϡ
һԭǣӵһ԰˵ݣҪ·
Ͳãȫɫݣ´ࡣ
ҪԭӵݼУݣ϶¶ڣŵᶼûᡣ
޷ҵģԲкΪҲ֮
ôʺϰɫˡ
ŵܼң˵Щ˲ᣬθǱߣ˻ȥţӣ⼸첻ȥˣǲõġ
ܼҵ˵ͷ˵ūˣľˣǿܻỳɡ
ܼ֮ǰŵ״Щףȥ
ھӼʳǺ飬˻ɡ
ܼߺŵ˼ļӦôţһתͷվԺ﷢
ŵʵôˣ
̾˿Щź˵û뵽һαҵӣȻ㡭
Ȼûŵ˼ȴź
Ȼĸܣһ⡣
ŵͲˡ
ӵĸܺãЩܵĶҲΪ˲¶
˵Ҳǵһΰ
ӵǵһΣֶǵһΡ
Ӷûô
ӵǱȴǺűġ
ŵһȥһСֹ˭ǵһˡ
΢΢һ㶣ȵ˵ʲô
ŵҡҡͷûʲô
ȻŵֹЩ˵ɻôˣȻûбѹܾǿֵֹģһķޡ
ŵʵǵô°
ŵûлش߽ڡ
һ˿ƣҲʧӰˡ
ҶǵһΣҲ˭ռ˭ıˡ
μԺ֪ˣɲܹ
Լ๫һαǱŮӡ
϶̡
˭μԼϧģ
ң³
ŵ߽ڣĿĹˣ̾˿
ļͥ㲻϶ôãһСԺ⣬ֻһݡ
ң䣬ȫһûʲô񵲡
Ψһһľ崲Ҳûθô󣬿˯ˣмʲô϶ûˡ
ӣֻһ
Ϊĵŵ˻¶һУŵûиĶ
ЩоӢĹ۲ܱͨȵġ
˿϶ǲ˯ͬһŴģⴲСĿռ䶼ûУӶûôܣ˵ˡ
½֦ҶպϼѾܲס
ŵֻԼԵ࣬ϯ˯Աߵĵϡ
ϣ˾ô˯ġ
ŵ̾һ
Ӷû˯Ϲ
ΪպķرҲֻһ̡
Ȳ˯飬춼ˣһ춼ûгʲôȳȥӡ
ȻϷƽʱڼģΪ˵һֵø˵飬΢ƷһЩȥһٹӣ
ʱ̫ס
ߵԺſʱǰסֱۣ˵棬ɱҵ£Ҫ¶ڣȻͰæһˡ
ŵȻף˵֪ˣӡ
򸾳ŵʱ򣬶Ӱġ
ɱֱۣ·Ķֱϱѹȸ룬ŵ˵һ޴ս
ʮѪյͣܵջ󡭡
źȻͣµŵʵôˣ
ŵһ½°ڣһ˵·һͺá

ҹ
ĳլۡں˶µĿȻ
Ѿ㵽λһǣʱ
һӰŶС˵򸾸ո뿪ңڸС¥һٷ˲ٺòˡ
ģˣһסոһΪףһ£ȥԶٺõҲЩûзʲôɵ㣿
ҡҡͷ˵ʱûУ¾Ƿ޶˵ĸܺãһһ๫ӵģԷιιȥºܲ
һֽ㿴˿˵ճɻ޾Ǻ͵ĽһλӦûʲô⡭
ʵǻҪٸˣ
˵ͷ˵ҪС޴ٸ죬֮ûзʲôĻøϵεĵŴᡭ
Ƭ̺߳⴦լԺ̾˿
ٱһ£οǸһ»ޡ
һؤ·ĳֱߵǽǣȥ
ڣڴϣ۾Ȼ
תͷѹ˵档
ŵ۾˲ѹ
Щһòô˯ʱ򶼲Ź
룬˵ҡ
㶣ʵʲô
һ裬ŵҲ뵽򸾵ĸôã춼һ˯һŴϣôܾ˯һؾ
˯֮ǰһЩް飿
ֲԼӡ
Ƭ̺ŵһµľҡĸ֨졣

ɫŵӲϯչһ˯ᱳʹ塣
ϵĹ»ں˯ŵ˸Ƿļ˵
ո˵һ֣˲ѣʶΪǺΣյģҪǵŵŵĳƺΪ£ĿͰˡ
˻֮ŵٴ˵ӣˡ
˯㣬۾ʵô簡
ŵʱ䣬Ӧȥˡ
Ӵ˳ѣ˸
һС߸ߵĳ¶һϸԼԼɼĶꡣ
ŵĬĬĵͷ
ɲܿġ
Ҳʶʲô·µ´
ɫֻЩ΢죬Ϊ飬Ѿˡ
ҪˮϴʱȻϵױǸĲŮ˾Ļģϴǻ¶ڣ
ѾûϴˣʵǾܡ
ŵˮǰ֪ʲô˵ϴϴɡ
ͷʵϵױô죿
ŵûϵϵױѾˣҪ»ġ
ɻʵôǸŮ͵͵𣿡
ŵͲùˣа취
ΧǵŵĶĿȻǲ͵͵ģȻѾ˼Ҳһġ
ŵһϵһ˲
Ȼ֪ŵʲô취참ľǣΪʲôֻҪ˵Ϳˡ
ˮϴ֮òĹֳŵǰ
Ȼĺá
ҵĴͷһССױ̨֬ˮۣ֬üʡŮӻױĶױ̨һӦȫֻƷһ㣬˵ļƬֽ֬ܽױ̨ϵĶȫ
ޣʱҲôࡣ
ŵױ̨ǰʱʶʲôŵʵҪһױɣ
ŵʵȻأ
ɵвУ
ŵûж˵ֻǵԾ֪ˡ
˵ĻױˮƽȻ֣ԱС檣Щġ
ŵͿͿĨĨܿģվͱڣָӡ
ĿͭеԼܾ׼ĻָױݣױҲ
̲סʵ㾭ӻױ
ŵһ߰üһ˵ûУҲǵһθŮӻױ
˵һǸĽڶǸ
ǶŮŮӡ
ʵҲһʣӶ˵ױˣŮԣǱӵܵ顣
Ҳǵһӵ֣һαӱһΪױ
˵˼ٰޣƺܶĵһζûˡ
ԼĵһΣﻹеССĽ١
˶ǵһΣƺҲûôϧˡ
Ƭ̺ŵ֣߳š
ԶĽֽǣڵϵؤˣӵĸ
ŵһʱͲ˵ĸ٣λؤȺе·ˣһŵӵĻɣǵˡ
ԺУѾʼԶ˼˦ǡ
˦ǵȻǲܵģҪڰпš
Ϥĸоȴŵɻƺһ֣ԱС檵ĻʱҲйƵĸܡ
Ӧòɺϡ
Ȼ֣ԱλС檣ߵúãױƯмǿ뷴
ŮҲˡ
˿̣ŵûʱɻ飬˲ˣһص˼
򸾣ƽﶼԼڼġ
żھ¥һλãԵĻ϶ɡ
³϶ָϹ¡
ŵ֮ǰһⷿסȻʱԵĶʱˣҲԼ³
ĳȥȲϴҲֻķ˺ãͨļҳ˻ûġ
ʱæ˰ˣԺӵСԣЩǱ
ŵͷϣմȾһЩۡ
ϺһһģΪջ
ֻм򵥵һΪûˣŵֻ档
һųˣ˳֮Ŀ΢΢һĳջ
ˣȻȲϹɽ亣ζȴһζ
ŵԼĳյмＸ
⼸ˣֻ˵ѳԣԶԶƲϡ
ΪٷһŬɵģ岻ͬζȻҲͬ
ŵһۣʵҲһ
ŵܳʵ˵ϣ㻹ǵһҳյˡ
ǹһ˿Ц⣬־Щ˼
μ˲ӡ
ôһΣȴԼˡ
ⲻܹ
ⶼΪɨ֯ΰһ졣
ΪˣȻѡ֣ҪһЩľ
Թ緹֮һϴ롣
ʵʲô
ŵ룬˵ȥ֣һЩϺõ֬ˮۣ鱦֮ġ
Щ飬˱򼴽̬֮
ҪǴڼʲôɣԵò
ƶϾ̣ҲͼģŵҪһԶһЩĶǡ
ǴԹľۼ֮أ߼ĵ̣ȻѲ
һЩж˵ĲƷŵС˲١
߽̣ԶȺУһĨ˰Ѷͷĺˮ̲ס˽ǣˣȻҲܵ
һ˵СӱԹˣҪǵš
Դ˵ҲǣҪң⼸϶ס¥ˣҹ·
ߵͬĵĿһۣ˵Ҳˣ˼Ӷôãôרһ
ֵһ
ŮǣһλС֣ڽͷĽһǺ«ʵ˽㣬ŵȥ˰Ҷüûпˡ
μֻ֪ŵ⼸ڲ鰸Ҳ
ȻǷޣʵûжٹͬԡ
Ŀ⣬һ·˷򸾵ͣ
ǵŴȻǳԴ󸻴˼ңȴǳʼնɷ֣ӿԼӵУҲǰ⡣
ֱ˵ӰʧǣĽǰȥ
˼ĽŲȻһ١
ȻعͷЩɻǶԷʧķ
֪ΪʲôʶԷ򸾣ȴܸһֺϤĸо


119 һ
ʱ䣬գ۶
ŵ˯һŴϣʱȫһ
һˣһһ֣һһӡһҡ
û飬һû¡
𴲣̫ѵʱֲ˭˭Ǽ١
ϾճΪжϣ˭˭Ǽٻ治˵
ʽٰ޵ĵ죬ոճԹŵֱۣԴ῿ļϣڳͷ
յĥϣû˵һɬ
һжޱȵȻһ»ޣޱȶĽ׶Ρ
һ·ʱǸ˿˿ǰ棬һĸ·ɷֿ˿ޱȵСޣ̲סǰݺԼɷһѣŭ㿴˼ң
ɷŸ첲һã
ͷһۣǸ˶ǿִϸֳһ˿Ц⣬ͷʵٹʮʮ꣬ǻ᲻Ҳ
ŵһۣҲû
ѵϷ̫Լӵģ
ò˵䷢ӵĺܲ
Ů˶Щʦͨ
ŵЦЦ˵Ȼٹʮʮ꣬Ϸˣͥ§§ģҲ±Ц
£ֱһɣֱѹȸҲûˡ
˫ֲĶ˶ţؿڲΡΡһҡΣ˵˶ڻʸУʱ˾ͻ壬ˣ
˵꣬ʱķȥ
ŵһ֮󣬿첽׷ȥ
ӣȵң
Ҵˣ˵ʮʮˣٹһ꣬һǧ꣬ϲҲ㣡
ߣ˵˾𣿡
˵ʲôʲôΪӸҲԸ⣡
ߣҲŲ㸰أͷ㱳һȥɡ

Զŷ޶˵ӰϦ½нԶһλڽֱǽϵˣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ĻţʮǰҲ˵Ļ˰
ôⶼһ»Ķޡ
һԷޣɵȥһЩʱ⡣
Ҫʲô⣬Ҳ˼ˡ
˽ֱߵһܿһۡ
ۡһ֮ڣһӿʵôˣ
ӿڵ⼸Ĺ۲죬ûзκ⣬Щھ˵Ƿ޵Ĺϵãÿ϶Ҫз֮£Ҳһǰ͵Ǯƣϡ
Щھ˵ǰĶ죬ȷһλˣĵӦþλ˴ڵģԼ˵һ¡
΢΢ͷ
ʵĵ飬ֻй¡
ǹ£Ҳͨڡ
һλڱץʧһСݵ㡣
һʧݵ㣬ʮڡ
Ҫǳ⣬Ҫʧλ£ʮλڡ
⻹ĵĺѾǵŸ߲ˣһ¡
һλ⣬пܲλ
εĵŴᣬеͻʹ߶٣ɲǲСġ
˿ɫվ˵ʱˡ

ŵصңʱ˿
ʱ侭壬˲٣Ȼ汳
Ӳߣȴضˡ
վԺһǰ·
Ϊƻ׮ӣҲ˾޴
ȶԣŵֻ˯ϣ㲻ʲô
һи֮һǻûгŮӣһ䷿Уͬͬסҹʵǲʵġ
ԵôõģҪһЩ
˶޷ҵģŵⷽľ
ɫ
ĳһ̣ԺȻ
ŵߵſڣԺţվԺӣôҵģ
ЦЦ˵Ȼڣδ̫ˣ˸Ҳ֪ҲõģպһᰲרŽЩġ
Цһ֮ٴοڵҹǰһεĵŴᣬ漰Ͻ»֣Ҫμӣȥġ
ŵھ͹ȥɣ
Цʵҽȥȱ𣿡
ŵæ֣˵롭
̤ԺڣĿԺɨһ
ŵݣ˵ӣ衣
˵ֶ꣬˼ЦЦ˵ûʲôò裬Цˡ
û˵ʲôһڣӹ豭ʱĿɨ֣˵ƽһܳ˰ɣη˵˹⻬ϸ壬ƽӦúٸɻ
ŵ֣Ц˵Ӽ޸ңѾܿˣôܿ࣬ĻƽնǬġ
۹⻬֣ŵΪϰԭĥһЩϼ롣
Ҳδʲô۷޶ˣЦӵĸ飬ǺõĽ
Ŀٴɨһδʲô쳣վ˵ʱ䲻ˣ߰ɡ
һ֤λ
߳Ժţһͣ
ŵվǰͷ˵ӣúڼҵһ̫Ļ˯ɣøţһԼǽġ
ϣ˵ܶҶ㡣

ߵ⣬ĿԶȥʧһֽǡ
֮֡
֨ѽ
һ󣬽ֵԵլ֮УԺһһĴ򿪡
Ӱź߳
ӹһеḷ̌ϵһָ룬ڻת

һ˷пʳǵʮסĶǴԹǵŵĽأÿÿɭϣԱץпܻС
ʮո̶ȣΪϣУʮλÿһλҪϷз·
Ͻǹ̶ģÿһֻԳǩʽõĻ鵽ϷǾ׬ˣʱ䣬ܻһլӡ
ÿ£λ£ײڡ
һ֮ϣڸ֪ŵһЩΪҪ֪ĻϢ
Щ飬ʵӦΪʱġ
ǸʱûеõȫΡ
⼸ܵӣųλ
ܳΪҪصɸѡƾԼʵλõġ
Ҫ⣬֮ǰͿʼ֡
󲼾ֵˣҪҵһλţÿѵĸʱϣʱ䣬һλŸ֣Ϊľгһձŷ򣬴ڲ
ôأ
ȵŴʱ򣬽Ÿ߲һ򾡣
ֻйٸô
Щүôġ
ڴٹˣǾǶԶ֮ġ
йүôģˡ
֪˶ãһֿͣ¡
ͣһ
֮ǰλӶӣܿʧŵС
һӰվԣ˵ơ
˽ƽ֮󣬱۾µ
֮󣬳Уŵ͵ǲܼģһЩҲϰ˾ͺá
ŵ˵ͷ˵⡣
ȻŶ꣬Ȼ֪ࡣ
룬ʵ֪յĴᣬЩ߲μӣ
Щʲôܣ漰Ͻķ䣬ʮλλ϶֣ҶʹӦٻһλ
ŵʵأ
ҡҡͷ˵ײβôˣҲûмһΣһŻ˵ûм
һ·ģ;ֻ˼ÿһֻһ·
£˵ס·ˣŵڲڳڶ֪
֪˶ãٴͣ¡
۵ֱ˷һξ룬˼ż߹ȡ
ŵԺŵĺڲ£ŵڻָߡ
һķ䣬֮ڣѾʮӰڵȴˡ
˽ķС̸

λ½˰ɣŹȻᡣ
ᣬ˱죬ǰ;

ŵйʮˣֱΧӶ
ˣһϣֻˡ
ǰλãһſԼӡ
ŵֻ˵ԡ
ղȥһЩ˽һ䣬ֶŵڽܡ
λǺ
λǷ
һλˣֱŻһŵͬ¡
λˣһλȥʱһλũ˴磬ŵ֮˳ЦЦͬʱ֡

Ժա
ŵȭ񣬺ͼһȴ
ֹһٴδ򿪣һλź£Ӱ뷿䣬ǰһſϡ
С˵һλ
ܿģλ½бŵλߡ
ˣλʮλѾȫ롣
ŵЩ
ô࣬˽
֨
ĳһ̣ٴδ򿪡
һһӰ̤롣
ڵ˹
ŵһۣλʹߣһһŮߡ
˶棬߽䣬ǰϡ
λ֮ʵµѡˣ
վ˵ʹߣѾѡˣʹߡ
ŵߵǰ棬΢΢˵ʹߡ
һۣüһȻʵ䣿
ŵ˵ͷ˵ʹߣѾɻ顣
ʵɻˣ
ŵһࡣ
ĿȻʵѳɻһ࣬ΪԪδй֮ͯ
ŵס
ǣҲܿ
һڳĻЩԡ
úõģʹ˵Щʲô
黹ְ
λȻӣҳɻôãôܻͯѵʲô
ϵıǲ죬޵ĸ鼫ãȥǽˣǼҵĴÿ϶εô֮ͯأ
Եߣһһֻ׼ŵüģɭʵ㵽ʲôˣŵĿʲô
ŵôû뵽װôǵˣȻΪݡ
ˣҲװˡ
¶Цݣ˵˵أʹߴˣ
Ȼ߲ƣϸֳһ˿ɫ۶
ݣ
һ֧Сֱŵüġ
֧ʸȴھŵüһߵλͣ£Ư֮С
ס֧С˵˵ĺúõģʲôأűˡ
ͫ׾𣬲ңǷҵˣ
ڳˣҲʶ˲ԣɫһ䣬̵˵ز˾ߣ
Ļ£ڳĻɿȥ
ʱ򣬾õġ
Źϵĸ߲㶼ǳʲô飬Ŷ߸
Ǹոܵſڣֻ˻˷䡣
ԺѾվӰ
վǰղŻΪֵŮӣ¶ŵı顣
һ̣˾ͱԭأһҲܶˡ
ڳĵˣȫһεԭء
ȻؽʹߣûΪͨ˶ѣЩԼܼ֣޴ӡ
߽ŵеʵ๫û°ɣ
ŵ֧ڵϣ֣˵û¡
Ļ룬ЩŸ߲ȫ¡
Ȼֻץ˶ʮһˣ֮⣬и߲㣬Ѿһ򾡣ֻҪ˳ǲȥʮλ£ԼʽڣҲΡ
Щǳã̲ʹµˡ
Щŵô¶ģ
ǸϵʱÿЩҪ롣
ҿǸļʱЩ˻ǰӵ⼸һЩһ
ŵ˰֣˵ⲻҪǿЩ˰ɣ䣬һĹ²ԣǾͰæˡ
ʮλÿһλ£¡
ЩµݣַǺġ
ÿһλ£Ҳµڵĵϸ
϶£˳ϣܽ
˿ѾҲѹرգЩ˲ӡ
Щ飬ͲŵΪˡ
ֻҪȴ
ڵֻ˯
⼸죬ÿʱÿ̵ľ񶼽ţ˯⡣
ɵ˶ʱоޱȵƣ
ŵĸ߲ǣ½Ѻ˳ȥתͷȥŵſ˯ˡ
߹ȥ⼸죬Ҳˡ
֣ҪŵһҵͷܼҴ߽
ѾͣڰգȻ˻ȥ
ȻʶѾʺôˡ
ڵǱ˵ɷ
ܼСĵıŵ˵£ҴӻؼˣҲȥϢɡ
ܼұŵ뿪оһ˿Ȼʧĸо
ʧʧ
ղŻ޼ķޣȻ֮䣬޾ľ롣
ЩõĻ䣬ƺֻһΡ
ˣһжعʵ
ܿ죬飬ֵĸоԺ
ЩŸ߲㣬ҪѶϣһ֮ҹ
صϴװֱ̲֮ȥ
ʱθ
μѾ˯ˣ·´򿪷š
ŵվſڣٴŵϤζ˿˲˵ӣһˡ
μ˿İִһ˿Ϥһʱס
һֱŵʶڻױ
ܵԺȪߣҪϴϵױݣȻһ
ȵȡ
ŵعͷ


120 Ŀǰ
θŵԼ˵ΪԵ񻯵ױϴˡ
μ˵˵ͷĿƿʵԵף
ŵɻܼûи𣿡
μ˵˵Ҫ飬⼸첻ؼҡ
ŵϴ˰˵⼸һ֯Եףһ֯һ򾡣и߲ȫԺΰӦûò١
μ˿ƣû˵ʲôֻǵʱˣϴϢɡ
ŵϴ˸裬Լ˯£ϤĴϡ
ԼҵĴģҪӾߡ
Ӷá
ӣֻ˯ϡ
ͷոմͷ˱㱻޾ľû
μƫͷһۣٱ۾ʱȻû˯⡣
ԺУһԷ޶ӡ
ģһ档
һʱ䣬Ժ˼ǧ˯ɺ
ҹߣбѡ
Ѿʱ䣬һӰڳС
ţ
̲참˵˱ܣ
ţٲţͱǲˣ

İգſڴڻŷ죬ĿǵھӱٸߣһãȻͿ־壬ЩԼš
ҲеӴһģǰѯʹ󣬸һš
ദʮھӣȻһλ͵
Щ꣬ǾȻһûп
ѹûʲôеȴԽԽãѾʼ̵ԼЩʧǮվȥٸֵܷһЩ
ŵĹؼڣ˯УͱٲŶ룬¡
ƵһĻڳݡ
һЩȨס⣬һҹЩ˯θŵǲ֪ġ
ɫ۾
ϰԵ˯ߵŮӣ˵ӣˡ
ÿһʵ߲ˡ
ȥˣֻʣһòҶ
򸾣һֱ˵ϰߡ
μ˻˯У۾ãĿ
ŵӴ˿ܣֿ˿ãȻӣ˲˴룬ʶ˼ϴˡ
Ϊ˯ŵģһӡ
Ѿˡ
ҹֱ֮˸߹ĹŵҲС
⼸ľһΡ
һޱʵΡ
ŵ£Щ
ϣһΡ
ҸһȻԣȴʮֿģÿһ극ֳɢϲɢʱ򣬽ͷļϣ߲ˣˣŵȥ
ǻӣҸŮ˫ȫһڡ
ӣ
ȻǺٰ޵ĺ֢
ȻֻٰķޣȴȺµĽչҪ졣
ŵ˯һ´ԵĻ档
۾֮ǰ࿴һͼһԺеļ䣬Ժȫ
һ˯ʮְȣʲôҲûŵٴʱѾһˡ
˸߳ŵʱ򣬿ڽĽվһԿţŵĿѿڵӣô
ĿȻ
μ𽣣ĿҲŵȴŵĲ
ݵĳĬ֮ŵһμˣ˵ӡˣôң
μûпڣӿڵûǽģΪ˲ţ⼸ˣǶ˯һĺá
˵ţŵʵôˣ
һаǼƻУЩ̲ȫˣҹؼ̲ʹжץʹ߶ˣˣʮˣʮˣͨİˡЩ˶ѱѺһЩ©֮㣬׷
ŵԣһ
ˣüӶ
֣ðΣղƻĴ󰸡
ǲУҲ᲻Ĺ͡
˵һ㲻̣ÿ˶ֻͽǧҲǧӳɣ֮ڣȫԲõ⡣
㹻ҲûѹĶһǶһľΪҲᱻ˲Ǭ
һ̣ŵã⼸Եпֵ࣬ˡ
۷䣬ʣǶ졣
ŵĿٴʵЩ˻û𣿡
̫̲࣬ڶѶѾд˵ˣȵΪڣθ֪ͨȥӡġ
ӣŵĹ
˼ûڲûлὫǳװγ
ã̲ʹµĹԱմĹ⡣
ȻҲֻʸ᰸ӡ
μңǸ֪ŵչģŵ˯һ
ǰμҵʱ򣬲ûʲôرĸо
ڿμˣܾЩ顣
֪ŵЩ֮Ǭ˵ûʲô飬Ȼ̲ˡ
ʱһλθѾߴ߽ʵС㣬үҪ𣿡
ŵ˵ҪԸһһȥ̲
¹ؼڼţҲȲס
ܾ־ô˾Ե顣
ֲɷĻŮˣûʲôġ
΢΢ͦأ˵Ҳá
θķˣһĲһŵӺĽ˳á
һˣŵԸһˡ
ŵҴģ飬ڼԷλʳҳҲš
ŵӣұĽĶ档
ĽλغܴƯ㣬ʵŵұߣרλãλƯǿˣҲ˼˵ʲôһĬĬĳŷ
ҵĳû˵˼ӣٴγζķˣŵȴҲûʲôĸов˵ʱĲɵġ
Ǽ
ŵĳԱǾɸѡоӢ
ֻͨΧԱ֮ǰҲǹ͵
մĵɷ͵ûе֣ҲҪʮ¡
һ֡
һ˴̵ݵߣŵʶ죬һƷһ߼˼
һ֣ڶʱļֵᱻתΪһƥĵм㣬͵ʮǮҪʮͽһ꣬ۼƳʮ͵ͽ꣬ǧ
ͽ꣬ǧǵޡ
ֻǵĵԲ͵ʮ͵ûκ
ڵԹУΪģ߿д̡
İٶˣۼƵԵĽҲʮߣӣ֪ܲΪͻƵڶ
ŵֱߣͬҲ˼⡣
һץôȻǴһøո뾳ķҵӣһͻƵڶԽһ󾳽硣
Եľ˵ȴֻ޵Ϊ
˽Ļ佫ЩȫţѡһЩǴٸ׷
һΰõһĸƣҲ洦
̲֮£һרŵĲ˾
飬ƾԼû취ġ
ŵ
׼ȷ˵
ֻּϺ͵ŵߣŵӹ֮ʶ˵ллӡ
žણ
ĽںһĻŵһӵ
ĬĬµӣ˵ҳԱˣȥ
£ͷɿȥ
ߵʱ򣬻μ˵Ľ
ջؿӣƳŮӣ΢΢һ֮ʶʲôɫۿɼٶȱ죬ĵͷ޲ýԴؿ
ŵſڵķɻĽôˣų˼ھͱˡ
û˵꣬ŵȻʶһ⡣
ӺٻвˣҾԲι
Ὣιģһλӡ
תͷһԴؿڵֿ˿һСڳԷƽκμˣ˵ӣҿԽ͡

ҪڲŵԼһʵݡ
ͨû˴Ļϣѡһʵˡ
񣬼סǣĸ˫ڳûݣΪ
ͺŵƣӵģֻѷһ
һǵŲ鵽ҲᷢԵ⡣
ңǳڰȫǱĿǣʵѡ
˼ȻҪٰޣȻҪһ㡣
ȻޣǺģʽദµһͻᱻʶơ
Ϊ֮Ĭд֣ݵľٶǰʧܣڼҲԷơ
棬ҲҪʵһЩܵľٶԴ֮˵Ļɡ
Ϊݵ̫Ͷ룬ֱڣһЩϰߡ
ҲǺ顣
ȻΪЩˣйһЩΪȴʼŵߣֻһЩ΢Ӵ
ʵȻŵʡһЩ֮ģ˼顣
ŵμˣ˵͵¼ٰޣεȨ֮ƣҪȻû취ڲ飬ұǴЩʱġ
μ˵˵ͷ˵֪
ŵ΢΢һ㶣֪
μ˵ҺĽڽϿǡ
ŵ
ղҲͰˣǿд˳ƺ
ʱ˿§§ңĽģޡ
ʲôĿǰ
ɫǺĽΡ
μˣޱǸ˵ԲҲġ
˵ղŵ˼ӵ棬ĶȷЩˡ
֪ģΪ޵ĵλ
μ˱ƽûϵҲΪ˰գõǸ
վ˵Ȼ̲ˡ
μ΢΢ͷʹҴȥ
ŵûкһߣûԱء
һۣƽĳŷκĲ
ǣϣӦþ֪һЩˡ
ѹûжױá
ʲôû˵
Ƿ˻ǵ˼ŵܲµһ㣬ȴ͸ӡ
Ὣϡ
̲ǱߣӦÿˣŵɿİ˼ڷ¿ӣ˵̲Ǳߣһ׮ûнҵȥ
Ƭ̺ŵǰ̲ϣвɵ롣
ӵǾԲֳģӱϣû
ϺԼ˯˵ⲻ
֮ȥĽ˯Щء
ŵûѡ
ӣغܲܶꡣ
㲻ҲǷˣֻһķŮӡ
˲С
ʲô⣬˱
ܿ쵽̲ŵ߽һ÷̧ͷһۣʵû°ɣ
ŵİɣӲǲˣ˵ʲô£
ȻҲûףҲֻô˵
ĵǣ飬ӰǷ޵ĸ顣
תһ룬Ƿ޺ûʲô顣
μ˸ں
ĻǸ
ӣһܣƵıҪá
֮䣬ɱ飬ĪӺͲں
ӳóݾڣ˵⼸ݾѾˣӡɡ
ŵ飬ӹ⼸ݾڡ
һݾڣһλʹߣλʮλġ
ʮˣдͽ̼ǧһٵȵĳͷ
ûغʵͽ̺ž͹ˡ
֮Լ̣ΪͨڶͽΪ߲㣬п϶ҪһЩֹ̣Ǳ̼֡
ʹ߼ȣȣһȡ
ŵɺӡ¡
۷䡣
Ϸһ˸һһʮ죬ܹʮﵽ¸߷塣
Ѿһջ
⣬ԶԶûн
ŵȲڶݡ
ݾֻһˣʹߣǸŵͷ
и߲㣬ֻնס
һĴۡ
ŵٴӡټʮա
ЩڵȻλͣûΪҲûб͢Ͽɣûбļӳɡ
ݾڣѾʮλ¡
ʮλ£ҹץʮλʮλǱӡ
һҳ֣ʮˣͬдͽ̺ţͬʱʮ̡
ǣ
ǣ
ӡ£֮󣬷ٱ䡣
ŵ
ʮա
ٶ
ԶԶŵԤڣǴĳ
ˣİٶλͨûС
ջȣԵһС࣬㲻ʲô
ŵȲʵ˵ľأ
̫࣬ã̲ʹµѾһҹڻûн죬Ӧûн
İٶλÿŸһλҲҪܳһʱ䡣
Щ˵ͽ̼ܲˣҪǲһǣûз¸صУɱ֮ġ
Ѿ֣ŵãһ÷ȴ
ϵͦóԵģڸϸ壬֭ŵʶιʱȻתֽǰӽԼ
Ѿſ˺촽ͬعҲԼһӣһ룬Ȼһ飬ЩĿŵʵ벻Ȼͯ
ЩŸ߲󣬵֪飬һӦǲš
ӣ֮ͯѾˡ
ǣݣҪʲôŮӵòȻסԪԵø˼顣
ûûЩյĹ뱣Ԫй
ڶȨȦǷǳѵõ顣
˵ǶȨˣЩСȨҵӵܣʮʱ򣬾Ѿʼ̻糾֮ء
ˣ»ΪС
ûκ⡣
ŵƳһۣ˵ѵһӣ𣿡
˵褲ڣҹҹżҲĽ
ŵҪģʵǹȥ죬Сӡ
ģʵЩͳġ
δһˣμˣʲôؼˣҲʲô١
û˵ʲôȴֹõ飬һʲôã
ǽŵѵġ
ȻѣЩ㲻ò˵
ǣӵûУķޣʲôޣ
ȥ˶ᱻ
Ȼαؾ
ˣ˴˷ŹѻҪˡ
һһ׮顣
ŵ飬֪飬Ҳ۶ϡ
ŵٴοڵμˣô°˵˵Ұıı


121 СƵμ
ʵ֮䣬ҲãɬҲգ˵Ҳ
˵Ҳȫˡ
ڹȥˡ
ԣһԹߵ뷨
˼Ƭ̺ŵڣ˵
Ƭ̺ֳ°ͣһӣͽ˵ʵɣҲӣ˵츳ôߵˣͨŮӣҲԸ޸һɵӡ
仰Ȼôȴʵ
ŵûΪ飬ʲô
룬˵Ȼ㲻ɵˣȻ֮ǰ£ҲĨӣοŮӣһǺܽģ׵Ͽʲôɷ򡭡
Լ뵽μ֮󣬺ܶ飬ͨˡ
Сͱֳ˼ѵ츳ᣬǵľ֣ǰ;
㲻ܳΪĴڣɾʦҲ¡
ɷ²ţҲȻ
μˣӵԶԶˡ
һ߷һ߿ڡ
ڵǣķʲôӵġ
ϣɷӵкһ츳㻹룬Ȣ־ͬϵˣôȥֻụĥ
ô룬ҲûпܣദˣȻ飬ʱһоˮˡ֪μϲʲôķ𣿡
ŵҡҡͷ²͸ӵ˼
룬һʷʵƽ𣿡
ŵһ˵ͷ
ʵô÷ϸ˵
ŵǰǻ̫Ϥʱ򣬲˼˯ͬһŴϣԼ˯ϵġ

ŵл
Ȼʶһ飬ʵǶ˯һŴˣ
Ϊŵμ˵Ĺϵ⼸һһ˯ڴϣһ˯ڵء
û뵽ǶѾͬˡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ֻ˯һŴϣͬҲ
˿
Ѿ˵ˡ
һˣǾԲܺһŴϵġ
˼Ƭ֮˵ô˵ĻӦöǲųģͬվģ˵죬ͽˡڡ
ŵʵôˣ
ĬĬͷû˵
ŵҲ׹
ദĺúõģнķչÿ춼˵վһ졣
Ȼ󣬱ԼһŮڽң
⻹صġ
صǣιԼˣӡ
ⲻ
ûһǣơ
̧ͷʵղû
ŵҲûף˵ϴ洫ǵҥԣûΡӦҲûɣ
ϴЩҥҲˣȷʵס
ʲôδĸƵá
˵ûҪңҲи֮
ѣŵʶӵĹϵʹڷչڣôһпǰ
̾˵εӦúһġ
ȷʵһٽĺûᡣ
ĸչô죬οӡ
ϾԼýȢӣܾˣѰˣҲնҪá
ӣȷĲԻһ˰ݣ໨ʱ䣬϶ҵһʺġ
һǵһǣ´ƵһҪǰ˵
ӵĶһ١
μһ
Ǹģ
Լݼ
Ϊ˲鰸Լô
ǣ֣ӵױ
ٵһζûˣ
μǣָι
źˣ
һޱĿŵ˵ҲǲںϾ˭ںһϲأ
ڲںŵ֪ġ
ǲںôη֮һҹ
ôĽ
һ䣬ΪĸʦĻǺܺġ
лˡ
ŵվ˹֣˵ʣµЩˣȵ̲ˣǵ֪ͨҡ
ߵſڣ뵽ʲôתͷ߻ʣµļӴڻ
ڿŵ͵Ӳûȥӳ
һҲù˵ӳԶ˲ãƤƣԵĹˣҰˡ
ŵ߳÷ҧ
ˣ
Ȼһ㶼飬һûиԼ
ٵվǼٵģԶȲμˣ
ޱߵţȻһ㶡
ΪʲôҪμ˱ȣ
ƾʲôμ˱ȣ
üģ⼸Ϸ̫Ҫһʱ
ҹһҹδߣæ̲飬ȥң壬˿Ҳоƣϣ˯һ֮󣬾ͻὫָо
θ
ŵʱĽһԺﵴǧ
ŵ򷿼ķŬŬ죬ƴĶʹɫ
ŵ߽䣬ԡ
ǰһ飬ȴûз
ŵ߹ȥӻȡĸӰϣ˵ǹƷӣζӳ
μû̧ͷϵ鷭˵Ľɡ
ŵһ棬˵Ľϲӡ
վ͵ĽһΣˣŵ˵ϲͲϲɡ
ŵμ˶棬һӣٰɫ綼ǬǬݸμˣ˵һɣĺóԡ
μ˷һҳҲϲӡ
ŵ˯ôãе˽ġ
ǲϲӣ
Ĳϲӣھܾ֮ǰٻῴһۡ
ŵӣ˵ӣҵǸ
μƽ˵˵Ǻ͹飬Ͳ˵ˣ飬㲻õǸ
ŵҡҡͷ˵͹¼ٰޣ֯ץûдѡһΣȻô֮ǰӦøһϾǷޣȻܲôΪ
μ˷Ķһ٣̧ͷ촽˶ҡ
ΪޣЩ飬˴û˴˶һĬ
Ǵ仰УһЩԳζ
ãôΪ
ͷ˵ûвôΪһ仰Ϊ֮ŵû仰ϼ룬ϵ˵ҪǸҿǲܣ´һעġ
Ϊ˱ŵһ룬μ˺飬˵ûҲ𣿡
ŵһ͵ߣ˵Ըӡ
μԥƬ̣죬εĽӹŵݹǰӡ
ŵȷˡ
ϸĽ͵ڽϣʵǹݸмǵ˿ģŵ˷ǳ㶼֪жСģǸңεҲܳɹ
μ˵˵ͷһӣ
ϹȻԶıɱֱϲˡ
ŵ˵³챻ŵĹѡ֮Ǿڰмˣû취ֻܼҸ㴫ţӦյϢ˰ɣô˵ģ
μϸϸİ磬˵˵Ҫ飬⼸첻ס
ŵһۣܼҲǵģʱ򣬶
ƽʱ˵Ļ˵һѣ˵ʱһ䲻˵
˿ڲɤӣ͵⼸죬סڳǱһռ϶ǹ˯˯ڵϣǰһûзʲô
μ˵˵ͷ˵֪
ŵ΢΢һ㶣㶼֪
μ˳һӣ˵ڵϢڵϢգӵеľϵΪͿԸ֪
һ㣬ûκλɵġ
ķڵ飬ڵϢô⡣
ȣľһŰֽ
ŵûüô֮ͯģû뵽Ҳֱ¡
ûκΪӦʲôļɣ´ȥ̲ʱһúúʡ
ŵЩ췢飬һһʮĸӡ
ţԼλţͨԣΪȡΣճɹĽһ򾡡
вȤһ£˵˵һ¡
̬⡣
ȻҲȫ˵
ŵ飬ϸ˵
ٰ޵飬ԡ
μ˵ͷӣʳһɻ󣺡죬Լ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ǣҺһһգҪȻԷΪһ⣬ˣ϶֪ЩȻйأСʮ͵͵У͵ؤ
μʵ³𣿡
ŵ΢΢һ㶣Ȼͷһ㣬û뵽Ҳһ˵ֱǷǽ
μʵǻױ֮󣬾Ϥ˶ϲôģ
ŵͷ˵֪ģҶһ㻯ױǰĽ
ױҲ㻯ģ

㡪
ҺȻ褸ղе£ȥ￴

ŵ褷ʱŵȻڿ顣
˵ıںԧʱѾ˼·ˣһ±
ŵҲ˱
ٲߵĻϿܵһ˯ˡ
ӽĻܶ࣬һһ
ôĵһΣ˼ӣô룿
ԱڻĿ⿴ȴǷ䡣
ٶ죬ⱲӾûôԣ̡
ƾٿ϶㹻ˣľΪεġ
ղֻ̲ſˣ˿һûµĲɫ
ɽֻǻܻ÷Ͽɡ
λʹߣλܶʸ
ͬʱӵô˵ĵԼܣ֮
ŵ򿪷䣬棬ϵıһ
˵ץôŸ֣˼죬Ӧö༸ʮҳŶԡ
֮ϣȴһŻûж
ûж࣬һš
ڵڶλɽӵĻʧˣ
ŵһٲţνǾӹΰ
ȴôĪʧˡ
ֵǣŵԺУڵ֪ʶڡ
ʱûжһɽӵĵ
ӵзôãǵһ
ѵǣͬڷϣᱻϲ
Ҳںϲһʣ
ŵͷ֣Ŀ΢ƺʶʲô
߳褵Ժӣ·θһԺǽʱŲһ١
Ƭ̺һӰƮƮԽԺǽûзκ
ŵͷ˿
ȻϵĻʧˣǽȴһ㶼ûм
ǿ
Ѿǿˡ
֮ǰǽʱСеֻǱͼɽ͡
һΣȴһ΢ûС
˾Ե
ôΥѧ˺òã
ݺᣬټ磬ЩʱҲҪѧġ
ŵȻ뵽һڰټҵ顣
ǰٻؼټǸʱڣңңңīҵ⣬һЩƫɣҾ֮һ
Ǹʱĵңɲڵĵҡ
ĵңһġ
ǿȫеϢǸȡЩ뷨ҵĹ֮īҵĻ֮ҵĺȻһ漰µط
ŵϸı仯˷ҵ⣬棬һصĺ
ϵĻʧˣûʧ塣
ĻӦǵ֮
ʲô¶һ޷ҵģȻӵ˵֮
Ҫ֪ԶŵңΪ̫ѣкܲʣѳ׵ʧʷ֮У겻֣пǵΨһһλҴˡ
ЩҲۣŵַһ
Իñ˵سԶϣֻҪͬĻﵽһͻãҲ
ģŵһ̧ͷԺ̨ϰӡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵʲô
ŵǵãԺӦûסʲôˣŷġ
̧ͷŵֻͷ˿ŵԺţŵ磬ôģ
ŵңϰṦǽġô
ҵذǲʱҾһ档
գգ۾ŵ˵ŵ磬ԺҪɲѽ
áŵ˵ͷ˵ɣһȥˡ
˵꣬Ժţ߳ȥ
źһӰ߳
ӷһ룬ݸ˵ʦ㣬㳢ӣŵûģˡ
ɴŮӣŵʧķɴ֮£¶ɻı顣
ղǽʱһûз
Ҳûһ
ľȴ
û
ֲǵߡ
һϵԽԽˡ
μ˰μˣ㵽׼һʲôɷ򰡡
صԼСԺŵоһµҵ
ѾϾмˣ϶ֻһ䡣
Ŀǰŵ֪ǣǽΥɣһ춼ûС
֪ûб仯
ŵߵſڣַǴŵģвͷʱʶĽַϡ
һ̣ڵԼ򿪣̣ͬûзκ
ŵŶ룬΢΢һ㶡
ڻ·μҲסˡ
ȻŵĽŲ
ǵã˷ˡ
ѵǼǴˣ
ŵŵأĵǰСˡ


122 ƿɵ
θ
СԺ֮ڡ
ŵͤڸĽħ
һźɫӣһŰɫӡ
սȭͷɿʱ򣬰ɫӱ䵽֣ɫ䵽֡
ӷϣŵĽǰһΣָƾճһöӡ
Ľһľȣǿ˺ö飬Ҳ֪ŵôģץŵ֣ϸϸĴãһŵ磬ôѽ
ŵЦЦ˵Ϸ˵Ͳˡ
ĽûʣԸո߳μ˻˻֣˵˽㣬ŵϷ
μ˻߹ŵ档
ŵ͵͵һۣ糣ƽʱһ
ղŸĽݵħָ˼顣
μ¶֮ɫ
ľΪҲе
ȻŵԤϡ
Ϊħ
˵Ƿħһ㡣
ֵӶԻǵġ򡱣ֻ˵͵
ƾձӣǵҵġȡ
ѰС͵Ҫ飬Ҫµַٶȡ
ĵңֻҪһͷ
УѾ漰֮
ϵ߽Ӵ֮Ľ׶Ҫ֮󣬲ܿһЩߡ
ڵŵƾս˻ĺɰ䵽ԼҲöԷû˿£ԶλӰ
Ȼ⻹Ǹı䲻ս͵ʵ಻ѹ˭֪õ
μ˵Ŀ⣬Ķŵֻ֣͵͵ų̽Ҳɿе
ô飬κζ⡣
ҲûѯŵôģĬĬ𽣣ߵԺϰһµĽ
Ҫ߳ʦһһζĿǲеģüټ֮
ŵкȻӿֳһͷ
Ȼͬһ츳ץһЩţӵбǸǿ츳
ҪһôţҪɰץȥ̫ˣ̫ʵ֡
ֻץһλÿķһĻѶȾСˡ
ȡֻǶԷ츳ΪԼһŵԲ࣬Ŭɡ
֮⣬Ľ
СѾͷԺ󳤴ˣҲǸһö
ӣŵĻ˼Ƭ̺Ľ˵˼䡣
Ľ˿Զμˣں鶯תתȻ΢΢ͷ
ŵ뿪θܼϣ˼֤ҵ
ԤϣЩڲṹΣҪǣҲֻҪһ򵥵ͷ
Ȼκһ£һ˲顣
ŵ߳ĵ̣ܼʵүȥμ𣿡
ŵȲȥڽϹ䡣
ڻǻȥʱ
ʱθ
μһһϢ
ĽӲԶܹߣ˵˽㣬Ϸɣ㼸⣬㲻룬Ҫ˵𰸡
ûμͬ⣬Ľ㿪ʵɫͺɫϲһ
μ˲˪˵ɫ
£Ľ׷ʵƻӣϲһ
μ˵ͷڵӡ
Һϲ˭
μ΢΢ҡͷûпڡ
ĽҲ⣬ڴĿʵһ˻ửҲдʫѧǲһ츳ܸߣǵٺͻûôãдʫѧѡһɷ򣿡
μ̧ͷɻʲô
Ľ֣˵˼Һ
μҡҡͷ˵֪û
Ľģֱۣѽ
μ˱Ľû취˼Ƭ֮˵һɡ
ĽһϲʵΪʲô
μ˵ûΪʲô
ĵһ뷨
츳ٸߣжأͲǶôѵ顣
ǻᵯ٣ửдʫѧģĺ
ٺ٣֪ˡ
ĽĵЦЦҪܿʱ򣬺Ȼμס
μ˿ʵΪʲôȻЩ

ŵãֱʱŻؼҡ
ӱϷ˽йȥˣֻĽԡ
ŵͷһۣû״Сʵôˣ
ĽչС˵˼䡣
ĽĻشŵ˿
˵ôһ˽⣬ϣ׶Ļش
ЩԼĲʡ
Ľ
˭ỳһĵСأ
ĽЩϲԵĲˣĽһ߳ԣһʵŵ磬ɫͺɫϲһ
ŵҲû룬˵ɫ
ƻأ
ӡ
Һϲ˭
㡣
Ľ¶ĵЦݣ˽㲻ش⣬ŵܹõᶨĻش
룬ʵһŮӣ黭ͨǲһŮӣ黭һᣬΪ
Ľ˵꣬ŵͿڵѡġ
黭ᣬ
黭ûһģΪܸߡ
ŵԺеһʱ両ֳģǷ˺ӡ
黭ܾ
˺֮䣬ѡ
عƳСѾͷһۣʼ˽㣬㻹ˡ
ĽЦ˵˼Ҳ
Եһ룬ĽһûӰˡ
Сӣס͡
ŵһ˳˷ڷ￴˻飬μ˴߽
ȡһ飬ŵ濴
ŵһۣβǡ˵ġҲǡһ伮Ļֶࡣ
ŵο
ڿʼˡ
ʲô˵ġÿ𣬺úΪ
ɫŵƵ
֪˶ãŵ̧ͷ˵죬Ҳǹ⡭
μ˵ɲԵӸ
ŵ˵ͷ
Ӷѣ£һ
ʱͬգĵ
İٶλûУÿ죬ǧ죬һġ
Ϊϣŵһ滺ӣһգʵ𣿡
μҡҡͷ˵ʱ䲻ˣϢɡ
ղŵӣȷеߵЧ
ֵֹڴˣһ㣬ߡ
ŵղַ˷һƫ鼮ǰ˵֮⣬һңΪּҡ
˼壬ּרоɵġ
ֻǸʱӰټң̲ںϣҶͳһ˼룬ͬɣͬң𽥺Ϊһҡ
ּǳңֵҲΪ˾֮һ
ʵֵҲԳһңֵֻżѣˣ֮⡣
Һͷңһ꣬š
ֵҪţҪгߵ츳øʮŬּҵ˶ϡ٣Ǭ೹׶˴Уںϡ
ڴϣŵȻ˿
Ȼ쾭˲ٲۣӵĹϵָֻ
ϣŵεˡ
Ϣǣεӡ
ϢǣҲڡ
Ȼ֮󣬾ͼǲ̫εˣĸоͦ˻ζġ
ŵ´ʱ򣬿ױ̨ǰͷ
ѰŮӲͬѧ黭ԻױҲȤ
泯죬İһβױͽˡ
ˣƤҪԶһŮӸӵϸ⻬͸һȻĸо
ŵ룬ߵױ̨ǰ˵ҪҪҰ㣿
һ֣һӵһױ̫ĵһζ
ڶζܻŵʲô
μͷĶһ٣Ȼû˵ʲôϵӣȴϡ
ŵӣȽͷ˳Ȼ˫ۻҵٶȣͷ֯
ƽʱֻһ򵥵β
ŵûиıϰߣģǺβ֮ǰ͵Ļϣ˺ܶ仯
һ̶ܹȵıӢͬʱ
ʺķ͡
ŵһ·ελã˵ˣ㿴
μʵһֱڿžӣòϣŮӵױϣԼҲ
ŵ߳䣬һӦʱ䡣
Ȼ任˷ܻϰߡ
ĽѾԺˣŵ߹ȥ˵ҪҪҸױ
Ľ½ϲ𣿡
ѾˣһᣬҲᣬһĽԸ
Ľʵǣŵ粻˵ֻױ𣿡
ŵһ㶣𣿡
Ľ˵ͷ
ŵͷһۣ˵ɲ˵˵ֻ㻹벻Ҹױˡ
ĽסԼ죬ͷ

θʱŵڸױ
ɰСŵ£ĸƯ˹
ȻҲԼױȴǷױ
ⱲӣûлΪԼױһˡ
ʱһӰӷ߳
μˣĿͷͣ
μЩһ
ŵѾʲô
ȻýЩ⣬ûôױͰˣӦһڴֽ
ʶ˿촽ŵ̲ץŹ£ЩҲѾˣʱĻȥ̲ӡȻȥˡ
ŵڸüĵĻ䣬ԵȵңϾͺá
Ƭ̺ŵźһǰ̲
ֿŵڴǼӰ߳ĹϵҲص졣
Ͼйôһξںദ֮ǰͬ
Ͼǹǰʱŵٴ𾴡
⡣
ϰӣ¡ֶвˡ
̲һѺľڣѾϡ
˺ץλ⣬İٶʮλܵС
ЩˣԵ߼дͽ̼ǧ
İٶλȻûһλġ
ԴЩ⣬ŵȴöôȡ
ȻǸǷ֯֯ڲȴϸĹء
ıƲǵŵһ׼һͻᱻš
Щû֯ɢ͵ëһʱԣıƺĿԼ
İ˵ľڣֳʮݡ
ŵ¸ǵ÷ɿ죬ϵ֣ҲѸٵӡ
ÿһݾڣнʡ
һݣݣݡ
ǵݵʱŵüͷ΢΢һ
ȻѾӵǰδеһǧ죬һݾڵԡ
һݾϣʮλ֣ӦΪһٰʮȴֻһٶʮ첻
ŵȷݾڣһݾϸӡ¡
۷䡣
һǧ죬һ첻
ǵһ顣
Ϣǣˡ
Ϣǣƿˡ
ƿ̤뷨ҵڶ
£δŵˣҵһ۷壬˵ߣǰ޹˵ġ
ŵͣ£ʵôˣ
ŵӡ˵ʣµɡ
ӣͬӹΰĳЩŵҲ˼ݶĹ͡
ҲûоܾƳŵһۣĵеġ
󼸷ݾڸӡ¶һ˿Цݡ
˵ͻƵľңңڣӣҲͨ徳·ϣԶ׼һ
µʱŵ۷䡣
֮ϣĻ
ЩȴѸٵںϣںΪһȻɢĹ㣬塣
Źӿ룬ǹɵ֮ƺһ˿
ŵΪ⡣
ȻôУ
ܽȫµһ򾡣лԵҳʥ
һңܳΪ߾ʥ˵ģͨ쳹֮ܵǿڣʥ϶Ҳ
̫أͶϾ˴Уŵ鲻صϡ
˵˵ҵĴУŵûнҷ˼
ʱ飬ŵʵɱϷ򸾵ҵ𣿡
һʼŵŵĿģʵֻǲ鰸
֮λȱŴᣬԽһˡ
˵ͷ˵ѾץˣµûɱϷ򸾵ģȻǵŵˡ
żһ򾡣Ƹͱ˷ǳ򵥵顣
ֻҪһ»Ƹλ¹ϽƬܽΪļϣԻƸλҲû£ڶͺͬдҫ̲ͽˡ
ֻһӲĺܣһҧԼֻ͵˶ûɱˡ
һʵǰҲûá
һݾڣ˵ǻƸǼľڣӡɡ
ŵӡ
Ϊƿץͨĵ
ȴơ
öӡ¡
Ԥϣϵ֣Ȼ˱仯
һǧ٣һǧİپʮ
ŵԭء
٣˵дˡ
ǼһﾹȻ֣
һʱ俴ʵ˰ȥ
̲Ρ
Ƭ̺ŵ̲ΣûߵΣڴ󺰡
ԩ
ûɱˣûɱˣ
ǳȥ£˭֪ҡţôܳǣҴǷߵʱǻ˯أ
ǿԻҵƷܻҵļ
ǲݽҪߣҪߵ£Ҫߵʷ̨


123 ĳν
ſڡ
·ͷƲƲ죬˵ͷӲ̲㹻ˣ˴£Ϊ㻹ԩ
̲ε棬һĴš
ͷ򿪴ţŵ߽ȥһòƽƽӣηդϴ󺰴С
ŵ˵ϷɱģӦòһ֪Ϸͻᱻš
ȵ㻳֣
ʵûɹһе֤ݶָˣ֮ԻƸΪԼɱ˵ʵ
ŵ룬˵ǲǣһԾ֪ˡ
ȻȻѾд𰸣Ҫ̲Ҳš
ߵǼηǰ˵˵˲ɱģѵҵʱ죬˻Ϸ򸾣ɱ𣿡
ܵ裬˵㣬ǳȥԶԲʲôʱʧֹҹǺ˾ƣ˯óҾ͸ܰǳˡ
ŵʱ뿪ΣԶĹºʡ
⡣
һĳƺţ治Ǵġ
۽ͷԵĹԶڵŲϺš
һλʾϿɡ
Ϊֵƫƣּ縵̫һԺпܱץ񣬷̫󣬵Զֻѡҵԡ
Ϊ֮ҲڵŴ
ŵ߻Σλ˵˵̲ᣬֻҪ֤£̲ͻῼز˰
Ƭ̺
̲ĳ÷
ŵһֽ÷ĳȻԶ˵һĴϣҺ޲£򿪹ӣȡֽҾ˵Ļ
Զ˵ͷ˵˷ģСһѡ
ȵԶ߳䣬ŵ÷Ŵϡ
ߵ÷ڷһŴƽСʱõġ
Ŵ÷ſڵľ룬ȻƸ˵ķſڻһЩ
ŵߵĻһЩڴߵĵϣһۣʵʲô
ŵ˯ϡ
һۣ˵ڲ鰸¹һòã˯ڵģʹһ𣿡
ԼڴϣŲŲ
Ȼ⣬ŵȻҲûбҪˡ
ο˵е
ŵ£ŴͲȥ΢ԵЩӵ
һͽģ˰Ρ
һƬŵ۾΢ĺ
˶û˵ڴϡ
ƫͷһۣ̾һ
ĵһͬҲûˡ
ôһζЩҲνˡ
֪˶ãȻ
ŵӴߵſڣ÷ţ̲ˣһȵĿԶ
Զһֽݸŵ˵ûƭɣ
ŵ߻ط䣬ǹŵġ
Կ״ֽѾɡ
ղʱ䣬˲˿ţǱ뷿д򿪹ӣֽ͵ϣ뿪ʱŻָԭλ
ŵѵ״̬£ûԶҵ졣
˵ƺ˯ĻϷ򸾶ˡ
ȻҲܾ̾˵ĵ߳ʧ֣ʧ㣬ųʧŪ죬ҲǻϷҹ
ӳ˵Ļɲ޵
ŵѾ֪ˡ
룬˵ȥֳٿ
ʱŵԶٴƸ
Զһ밸ķ䣬һصǽ壬һ£˵ⲻǬİȻ͵һЩ鱦ǺҰѹˣûн·ĵǣ˭ɵĻôϸ£ⲻŸ˼ﶪ𡭡
ҵԵ߾磬ǲһ˿ۼֻҪ鿴֪Լ˶
ȵպ֣Ҳ޴Ӳ
ֳֽģֲֻŻôɡ
ԶһĿŰֳ˵ˣԲСǬģǬôֲڣСˡ
ҲЩţϷ򸾲Ǵɱˡ
ҪȻݼҲδ̫á
ŵڵѵ˵Ժһ˻ƼңڷҲĹУ˻Ϸ򸾣Ӷɱڣ
ŵûлشߵſڣ۲һţȻԶߺûнŻָԭλ
Զ˵ͷ˵Ȼ̣ÿ͵꣬ὫŲȥġ
ЩȲˣ˳ŵ䣬˵㵽׷ʲô˵
ŵָָϵһЩۼ˵ԶʱµĺۼЩۼţûбڶ˲
Զ뿪֮ǰ˷š
֮ûеڶ˽
Ϸȴˡ
룬ָԶŵ˼ǣѣ˾ɱģ
Զһƨڵϣѽѽôƻˣ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ƸĹܼ˵ʱ⴦ǿŵģϷ棬ҪôԶ˵ѣҲǵڶˣõ취ţûʲôۼߵʱ̫˹ţֻǹⲻŵģһɱߣôɱ֮󣬻˼ʱ佫Żԭ
¶ɫ취
ŵ͵ţͲºۼ
ⲻܣҪһ㣬ӵϵΪߣɱϷ򸾶ˣ練ƣڷôಫۼ
ŵʵװأ
Ҳʶʲô૵˼ǣԶ֮һλϵߣɱ˻Ϸ򸾣װӣֳһЩۼǾͲỳˡ
ôֵı
ֳĺۼٸ϶Ϊһ׮ҵɱ˰
ְӣʮоŸҲֵģֻ֮ܲ
ֿҲû뵽Ȼܽһ򾡣ץŹ˶λץ
ȻץҲ޷
һϵ֤ݣλΪ
ʵϣŵԶѾˡ
ڶ޷⣬һֱôġ
鵽ڣҲָоԶĲɱϷ򸾵֡
ŵҲû뵽ӣȻôӡ
ѡʱνзѣҲᱻƭȥ
ǣô֪ԶҪԵأ
ŵԶʵ˭֪ҪƼԣ
Զӵ˵·ʱϷĻؼңʱĴ㣬һ˵ֺ˵ˣ˯óǶֵʱ
ԶԼʱ⣬ȻҲ޴ӵ֪
ǻƸˣԶжʱ򣬱
ܣһʼͱųˡ
ҹڻƸˣȫڳʱûκηӦ
ҪôѾ˻Ϸ򸾺ܾãԶĳ֣ø޻Ļᡣ
Ϸûʲôˣϵľ֣ŵҲˣҲûʲô⡣
һ취ûˡ
Ϊӣһǧ졣
ӱȴȻûн
鵽ŵģѾˡ
ȻЩź鰸ĹУջԶԤڡ
ԭΪֻܻʮյջȴԤƵİٱࡣ
ŵ߳ʱ̲Ժʲô
ϷȻҲᣬȴûá
ˣүҲûֵܽá
޶󣬲Ʋ˼̳УմɷƼвƲᱻٸûգ⡣
̲˸пôŶ󣬲ȻԼƴһУͻ˳͢
˵ƼҵĲƲŵȻһ¡
ǸڻϷҵĻǹ֮漣ôƼҵĲƲܶһֵǮ
뵽ŵת߻˷䡣
һ鿨͵ڣٴվǰʱŵѾе
һʱҲò׼ǲԼۡ
˷һǰѷ˽й㡣
Ƭ̺
ڲ廨ķ˿ŵʵȥȥ
ŵмæ˵֮ȥˣģҲôġ
Ƴһۡ
ʲôзģô
ôòôõģôĶŶգ˶Ļ죬ΪʲôҪģ
仰ĺ˺òá
ҲѾϰ˱ˣеĻ֦˵һ£Ҳױ
ŵױˣǱͦģһͻ
ôҲֻ÷˲ױͷ
߽ĳۡʱͺû·ϲһױ
Ů˽Ҳûоװ硣
Լһ׼ױݣֲϵһ㲻㣬׵Ľȥ
ŵ߽䣬ȴ˸
عͷַվԺ֪ʲô¶Цݡ
ŵɤӣ˵
˻ع룬ŵ߽䣬ǱҵķǬԵѪһĿһƲֹǽϵһʱ΢΢һ첽ȥȵȻǹ֮ġɽͼٵôķƷϿɲ
߽ϵı𽥷仯ϸĶŴ˻𾪵ԣⲻǷƷ漣֮ɽͼ漣ô
ŵ𾪲ѵķˣʵȷƷ𣿡
ƶҼ֮漣ɽͼƷɣ˻Ѿʧʮˣô
ŵɻʧ
һ߼˻һ˵֮ġɽͼԭǴĵµأʮǰ½˻ʹ͸̫ӣʮǰ̫Ӳʧԣ䱦˻Ҳʧû뵽Ȼ
ŵһ㶡
û뵽һССˣȻܺͻʼҳϹϵ
Ϸ򸾣̫Ǳ붫Ĵ
ɭϣ˵ˣŵû¡
Ī˲ʶߵʱ򣬱Ϸ򵽵ģ
ŵߣıЩʧ
ȻԸû̫ӡ
̫Ӹ磬ʱǺܳܳġ
ĸȥ磬̫Ӹ羭￴ÿζܶĺóԵġ
̫Ӹ粡ŵʱ˺ܾúܾá
ȻЩ飬һЩԶĻ䡣
ŵǽ
Ȼ֪ȻҪԭ
̫ӹȥˣҲӦñʼջء
Ȼ֪ʧԵıΪʲôڤڤ֮⣬ʮʱ䣬תת˱ת˻ʼҡ
ɽͼʱŵ֣ϰԵķ˴˻·һ˸ߵĻƿϡ
ǳĳְҵϰߡ
һЩ˼ңΪ˰ȫὫ档
һ߱ĵط޽񣬿һһǽשһֻƿһ԰ڼȵȡ
īҵӿĵ̣רЩء
һЩ͵ҵԵʱ򣬿ЩϰԵİһתһת
ŵҲʶתתƿ
ƿճڵһ˿δ
Щ⣬ͷƿһ
ꡭ
ŻƿĻתĵ棬³¶һ̨ס
һۣܲǻƼҷ򸾴ŹƷĵط
Ȼڶǳ͢ˡ
ʱ̲ˣͽһľ䣬ӵа˳
֮ŵģһѻɽĽ
ЩһЩ鱦ֻ
ƼҵĲԶԶϱֳĻҪǿ
˵Ŀ⣬ڼŻޱȾȵ˵ޣƣϣ󡭡Щʦ漣Ȼ֮ġɽͼҲǼֵǵı
ЩҲֳ֮ɫ૵ЩǹĶƼôУ
ŵҲ¶ɫ
ֻһʼ֮Ҳϡ档
еĻ¹٣ŮŮ٣ȡ֮õ
Ļʼ֮Զֹһ
뵽֮ġɽͼԼʧ԰
ѵϷ򸾣ǵӵ
ɰһʲСջ
Ȼŵڻƿڣȵƾ֮󣬿ΪСһ
ŵ룬˵Ȼ̲ϸһϷ򸾡
ˣ˵˹Ȼɣ鷳һˡ
û˵ʲôȴֹ
һԼǺ֮֮ȥ
ûæ̤
ɲС
˵ͷ˵õġ
ת뿪ʱ򣬿ǬԵѪºȻһ˵ŵϡ
ŵַסȻ˹ôˣ
˷Ŷͷ˵ūңūҴСͼѪЩͷΡ
ŵĵǷ˰
ĻҪһ㡣
Ҫʱֱֳιȥ
ô˵ģҲĽͻȥ
ŵֱۣ˵㻹ȥ
˳һ£εЩӡ
Ƴ˷һۡ
Ѫ
ղôΣ
ÿǼʱô죿
ŮˣΪ֪ʲô˼
ŵԥ
Ѫ߲ˡ
ȥɣʣһӵѾûˣһι˵ʲôҲ
ɣҲʣ˵˼ҲδԸ⡣
ֲܷܡ
ŵʱ߹˵ұȥɡ
΢΢һ㶣˵ⲻðɣ֮
Ƴһۣ˵ûϵǶŮӣûʲôܻģܲһи֮ɣ
˼ˣҲ˵ʲôˡ
ſıϡ
ɵıˣȥ
˵޷ҵģʲߣһŮӻǴ´ġ
ò˵Ůذ
˵ĳһ֣ûԼطȴʤһ
ƣŷԲ̵ͦĲλвɸ̾֪ˡ
μ˰μˣٺ꾫๫һΣǷһ顭


124 ħ
뿪ƸʱΪѪж
ŷǰ棬ѹȣĵģͦ
żʱ˵ߡ
ѹȸ룬֮࣬־Ȥ
Ȼסʶһ顣
ŵʱǲҲĸо
ĽŲȻͣ£ںŵײϷ˵Ρ
Щʵôˣ
еأЪ
ſıϣ΢΢һ䡣
أ
ʲô
μ˺ҹݺᣬѵԸ
ŵǾú
أ
ؾͶˡ
һϵߣǰ͹̵ģᵽȥ
ԼҲñȷ١
˱֮˿һظӡ
ϣʹа۷ȴǲ˼˵ˡ
˰֣˵ûʲôϴҲǵæ
һױǷ˻ģ֮䣬İ
ҲУΪ֪ݵġ
˲ϣŵǶ棬Ǻῴɷ塣
һĻӾ֪￴Ǭ۾¡
·̲ʱȻ̲顣
ŵͷ˵
˶ݵϢ״̬һЩ·Ҫ˲
ŵ󣬽Ĺ֮󣬾ͷ̲ʻȥ
ŮӣСĵķŷ¥
¥ڵĿǣһĽ
˹·ӣղŵսжôҡ
ζòŮӣȻ˴ֱĶԴ
ڳ֮Ĳ࣬Ȯ
Щӣ֮Ĵָ
˶ڲ²⣬ǲѾˡ
Ĵ˵Ů˾·Ҳ
ڿԷ˹ȤȻ
̵˼Ϩˡ
ŵص̲ʱϣѾһѵľڡ
Щʮǰʧ԰ľڡ
ŵ·˿
̫ӲʣҳһƬ
һЩĹԱûˮ㣬ԶĲ
ƵĳںУվ˳͢
ŭ̲ʹ³飬һ˱ã֪ٶͷء
ʱһЩﱻ׷أҲһʧ䡣
֤ƸеĲȷڶ
ˣ̲һķ֡
үӣΪޣ̫ڹŮ١
̫Ϊδʵۣļܹͳ͢ƣٲȻһС͢
̫ڹӦǻʵ۵ĺ󹬡
ԭ̫ڹƲأӰƷŮ٣ڹؼ鱦ؼƻؼؼ̲ʳ룬ְǹڹĲ
̫Ӳʺ󣬶ĹԱǰ̡
ڹŮ٣йϵģ󹬣ûйϵģֻı·
޵ѡ빬ģͨŮӹŮŮٵλá
ΪڹƲأҪȡڹĲȻҪס
ȻЩ֮ǻƷ뿪ǰߵġ
ʱ͢ڰ̫ӵɥ֮󣬷ֶ㿪ʼ׷顣
ЩԱһһŲ顣
˵ΪƲصʱһǱŲص㡣
֪Ϊʲô͢Ȼ©ôһ㡣
ôЩȻҲСģû¶ߡ
ѡûб뿪󣬱һλӼˡ
ȻӵһɽǷ޶ˣҲֻҿһС¥ӦþΪ˱ⱻע⵽
Ʋصݣ֮ġɽͼڻƸҲͲˡ
˵ӣһۡ
Ϊҳ֣ǲ鵽˵š
鵽ֲ鵽ʮǰĶʧ԰
ͷûˣʧԵرһأӱȴδ
⼸£ŵѾͶйصİӡ
öǲʲôħ䡣
ЩԱŮ³ôá
֣ԱⱻС檺ıɱ
ĺ³壬ֻһŮΡ
Ʒ˵ôʮ꣬˳͢׷飬ûֵ
ôණ䱦Ǳ͢鵽޶˶
ԶľѾϣ۵Ҳӻˡ
ŵ˵һȥˣ飬ͽˡ
΢΢ͷ
ӣǣһЩĵĻ䣬˿ôߣ˻֣˵ȥɡ
ŵߺһЩʣԸӣ̵ʱ򣬲ŷеûˡ
ղŻģ
ʶʲô֮ϣ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ˣ
͵Ӹμ˳ԣ
ؿ͹һڲˮ޲óŵһٱޣǼһôһƺҲûиղôˡ
ŵﴧӣûлؼң̲Ρ
Ȼ̲ˣ̲ǻؼһ
ֻҪȻ󰸣ЩԱκβ
ò̲ͬĴǷֿġ
˴ΣұŮֱǰΣ˴˲ͨ
ŮǱȽϿյģΪץ˲Ůֱŵһηǰһ׷ſηĴϡ
˱дͽ̺֮⣬ȡ
ǵͣһȣ϶·һ
һ㲻ˣۺϿ֮£ȷʮ꣬ҲһЩƤ֮ôⲻ˵ġ
η洫죬̧ͷһۣ¶ŭɫҧͽ
ͳһĵȻͶ˹ٸֱг裡
ŵһ㶣㶼ϳ
Цһ˵֮ͣͯģûмͷ棬Ҳı䲻ʵ
ܵϵʹߵģȻй֮
ûΪȴһۿǲ֮ͯ㻵Ĵơ
ŵºܸȤ
ηդϣ˵ôͯģ
ǲ֮أҲģ
˵꣬תͷٿڡ
ŵ룬Ȼʵȣʣ٣
̧ͷŵѿڵʲô
ĻȻֹĬƬ̺󣬴ӴһƵСӣ˵ݡһѪĽᾧӦûûˣϣһλԵˣȥҾ޺ˡ
ŵ˴ţС˵İɣѪʧġ
Ƭ̺뿪Ů·ĳηʱŵĽŲ΢΢һ١
һСӰηĽ䣬ηΨһĴǱ⼸Ůռˡ
ŵһӰ̧ͷʱ΢΢һ㶣첽ܹϲүôˣ
ŵ棬һ㶼˽ӡ
ƺΪүģֻҵˡ
ŵЩǬ촽ӻȡһӣηդݹȥ˵û£תתӸ㡭
ȻԥҪҪӣŵѾ
ηǲˮԵģڴϵŮǣȻеӣȴκ뷨׷״Ӵվ˽
СܺĹ˵ϻȻܹǵġ
뵽֮ǰ̬ȣЩŮʱ֡
˹Ȼһ֮ŵ뿪η
Ƭ֮Ůͷ˴η֮󣬿һ۶ڽŮǣ˵ǼȥԱη
ηǹ̶ģٵʱһһηҲпܣ˶ĻҪ˹һ䡣
ԱߵηѾмŮˣٹȥλȻԵӵ
ȻŵӣҪ߳ηͷЦЦ˵㲻ãˡ

뿪̲θϡ
ŵзǱƵĲӡ
Ȿϼصģͨ࣬жһǲǴӡ
֮治С
û뵽Ȼоôƫŵķ
˵ǵʹ⣬ýţ˵ýʮ꣬˻ƻŮ
ĶŮӵΪأǴӣзԸһЩƸ
ѷǴֻ֮Ǹļ޹ģƸͻһЩ
Щ꣬Ϊƭȡ߶Ƹ񣬶ðӵŮӡ
ºзýŲðý˻ȥ⳥һʧ
Ϊ˱Լʧö֮ͳ¡
ǲǴӣһ۾֪
ǲͯļ𷽷о
Ȿϼصĺϸ̬̬࣬ȶͼĲï׶
Ȿӣŵɵĸп¶ѧʡ
ε񣬲Եͯ档
ʱͣ¡
ŵƿٴ߽
ȥƸģղŽͻִҴȥ̲֪ôˡ
Ӧÿһ
¥
ҹݺŷˣ̬ЦǰϣЦˣ˵ʲôĹ޵Уûòµˣ˼ֻ㿴ģԸⱳ㡭
ޣ࣬ô˱
ͳ㲻аɣѧЩĹʲôãÿĻ֦չģڱǰڣ˼࿴һۡ
࿴𣿡
ˣϴθ˭Ƕ˲ǵˮ˭ȱ趼Լ
ϹûûƨɵʲôõģӶ
Ҫɱ㣡


ŵ߽˵ķʱذһ档
ҹݺϣ˫ְؿڣҹݺȹڱõ˴ϣ޳ȽĲͷңһߵ·Ҳ䵽˼¶Ƭѩ硭
ŵԭء
ŵߵԧҲסˡ
Ϊҹݺڷ˵ķ䣬ֱӴӽˡ
δϵھȻһΡ
˻ͷ˿վſڵŵĬĬĽԼ·ãҹݺȹȥȻ˵ǽ֮Ĵ֣ùӼЦˡ
Ƭ̺
ŵͷ˸һŰߣҹݺΪһ裬ȻĬĬվڷ
ŵ˿ڲ裬ĿɨһǣȻʵ˹û˰ɣ
΢΢һЦ˵лӹģūҺöˡ
ŵ˵ͷȷʵöˣҪȻҲܽҹݺѹ£ˡ
벻ѹȺķ˹Ȼǡ
ղѪŵĻ棬ŵɵĸе졣
øѧļܹһ£жϣ˺ҹݺǻƻŮ
ڳַǬǬһǳ׵顣
ѹôϲԧ졣
˿ʵʲô𣿡
ŵҲûʲô飬˹ЩûȻ˹Ҳûȥˡ
һεõŵĹģдΪ⣬ֿԧŵĶЦ˵ūҾͺܿˣôʲôġ
ԧ촽˶Ķι͸ģûüŻȥء
ŵ΢΢һֻ·˳㿴û׼ʲô
˵ĻĬƬ̣ӻͳһֻӣ˵ǽϵĹ٣ũľƷζãգǿ塭
ӷϣ˵˹ʻ̫ˣ·ʱ򣬴һĹ㣬¿һ׹ǿʺа
ӯӯʩһ˵лӹġ
ŵҲǳڹġ
Ҫ¾˼Ұæû¾ʹӲϵԵøһ
ƹÿѵӽʣʲôȱһг⣬ʵõ
׹ŵģЧνͼӰʺġ
ϼ££㻹ûл֮Ҳܶ㿪
ŵߺҹݺ˷һۣͦ𣿡
йŮģӣȻֻһֻ˽ֻӰȡһֻٰͽͷУĺ𡭡
ҹݺһһߵҳ
˴֣Ĳȥɣ
ҹݺȥ˰ϣҲѹȥ
ŵ߽˽ҹݺѹߣһºָϵĲ廨˵ˣƿ廨ɲң
˴ҹݺ˵ϲȥɡ
ʵŵϲҪϲŵƿߵſڣͷ˵ˣǼ

󵢸һʱ䣬صθʱ緹ʱѾˡ
ҲõģÿŵˣӶΪһݷˡ
μ˽Ⱥõķ˶˻ط䣬ŵӻȡһӣ˵ֻʣһˣ԰ɣٸĽ
극ŵһ£ֵӣ鰸ʱ˹˸Сæ֮ǰǼӣҲǲСæҴһлһô
Ȼμ˴ʲôʵͦϲ˵Щ顣
õӵݸŵһ룬ʵΪʲôҪ
ŵ͵̫ˣѪͻεڰֳǹģҾҪúöһ塭
μ˵׹ֻʺӣΪһʺŮİɡ
ŵЦá
μ˿ϵĲ廨ʵλ˹͵𣿡
ŵֵģҪϲĻ´ٸ
һ廨ѣֵ˼Ǯֵֻ顣
´˳ӸһƿҲھܾ
μ˿ƿĿĲ廨˵˹ǶŶա
ŵҡҡͷ˵Ŷʲôã㶼벻ĵжôСֳֻǿһЩǬԵѪŵȫ·߲ˡ
Ƭ֮ŵԺ
Ȼֻǹ̡
ԺĽʯԣֳ°ְֽͣŵļ˽㣬С¶ο֮ɫ
е޵ˡ
һİ


125 

ŵ˵ˣҪͷһ
ȥ̲·ϣ·ʱ˳㽫
㲻棬һЩĲƷӸԴϽ⡣
ⱾŮΪѡġ
ûÿϰ飬Ҳʣܵ㾪ž߲·
¥֮ڣⱾ˵лӡ
ŵ˻֣˵ǵÿϰкô
˹ɵĵ˵ͷūһġ
Ѿ͵ŵǬתǡ
Ǭ뿪ǱŮ̾󣬵ûһֵĶ𡭡
ҹݺվԣ˵ɣ㲻ϲͣ˵ϲ㣬ָô죬ѵҪɣ
ҹݺ˵ĺе˿˵Ҫԣϲ͡
ҹݺŭ˵ҿã
Ц˵ҲҪΪһ÷ҰĴĶӣݻԺһжΪ˴룬ϧûôƽȻҾԼˡ

飬ŵͲ֪ˡ
ո̲ʹе֪һ顣
Ϸ򸾱һˡ
ŵôƵģ
ôľװޣǵԵ׵ģֵһëû鵽ֻ˯һӾȻˡ
ĿУŵ֪ܿľ
ԻĲ
ҹһ˼ԣԺ£Ť͵̲
̲֮ѳйֻ鱦ƷֲĿ࣬ವӡ
˽ͲЩЩԴȻǬ
ֻǵҲͰˣĵҲͽǧš
̲Ѳסʱ򣬷ֺԺĳЩ쳣
Ϊв
֮ȴڳһѪ¡
°ӵʾͱˡ
ص̲֮󣬴һʼƣɱСմȾϵģڴָļӳ£ܿͼľ
֮ǰĳ˼ҵԡ
ƾΪҵԶԣҲ򵥲顣
һĸ˼ңпһԺʵҲ̫ǿǱ֣Ҳȫˡ
ڷҲĹУĶһ㣬Сĳ˯ڴϵˣ֮ززǶԷȴģҪץ١
ŭ֮£ɱ򸾶˺֮زز
Ϊ˲¶ԼʵװͶ˲һӪֲóļ
ʵרŵԸ˼ңδʧ֡
ֻû뵽ҹӲӣǻ˼ҵĻλڵֺ˵ʱ򣬱¡
еѪûдǬɱ˰Ҳ
Զһλרҵ
ʵȫƾһΪԣǸ߳ĵ
ˣûбעⲢҲ֡
ŵʵ˰ľأ
óһݾڣ˵ء
̲еĲ죬µģλưĲ죬ֲ޷ңӡȨǻ䵽
ŵҲûпöӡ
ϵȻûӣҲûм١
ΪѾﵽƿ˰ֲƵģӺ
ϵҲûм٣˵˰ûд
Ϸ򸾣ڴ֮֡
˵ܺ棬ϷͨˣôһλĸֲģƵʹɱֵģûдɡ
ֻɺԶͬһϣѡͬһĿ꣬һһ֣˰ŵڣ˵ߡ
Ѿ˰Ҳڸһ䡣
֮ŵ˵ˣм飬ܻҪİæ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ɡ
ƾ˵Ĺϵϵɽ»𺣣϶ǲԸġ
鶼
һ뷨ɲС
ĻŵòϣϵȻϣǺ
Ȼһ򾡣ǵڣǳȫ
ʮ֮һ
ŵÿһλڣǾϸѡоӢĴ󲿷ֵ֯޼ɵɢ͵ë
ڵţǶͨյΣ
֯мɵģһеڵԸˡ
Щɵɢ͵ڶ࣬ûеߣǲŲʲôʮ͵ʮ͵͵УΪи֡
Ⲣϴ׵ţԭҲǼù⣬Ͷ顣
˼ǣЩĵ棬һЩһ˾
˽ĻЩ£Ƶŵ̽ÿһλƾȥģӵȺУһϳͬ˵
ϣ̲֮£һרץĻץЩСë練ƣ
һ棬ڰյĺ¡
һ棬ҲһЩķʽ
󣬴ŵһִٳɵģԺÿһҵ˵Ĺ͡
ⲻһһɳչ֮·
ǵľķǰȻ뵽⡣
ŵżɽʵҪʲô
̲ԭе˾֮⣬һ˾Ѿ漰̲ŵĸƣҪʡͬ⣬˾ҪˣѾ̵ĵǰδдʡȻͨǡ
ŵʵʲô
˵֡
飬̲飬ûȨ
ȻҲֱ̲һ˾ȴӵмĻȨڳϣ˵Ļá
Ƭ̺ŵ˵ͷ˵԰ɡ
뿪÷ʱ˳ִӡ
ŭǽϵļƷ٣ϡ٣ŷֵһ㣬ʣˣ㻹ã
ŵȥҵܲܿȥɣ
ϵı黺
Ǹμ˵ľͺá
Ҳμˡ
ֻǲϲ͵ȥֺñŮˡ
ŵֻӣ̲߳š
ϰһ۶棬ûпǶү
ûпǡ
ŵܼҵȥ¡
˵ʱ򣬴˵ùȥ
Լ׵ܲڻҪ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ĺóԣ׳˵Ҳûмˡ
ʱڴǰͣ¡
ŵ̧ͷʱ΢΢һ㶡
¶ĽֱߣһС̯֧
ŮԶԶĿŴŵ˵үү
߱ôĶ
֪˵֣̲סָ¿ٶϵı𽥱ãȻҴ͡
ʱŵѾ߽˴¡
£á
߽÷˵ˣүˡ
еһݾڣŵ߽ӣ˵
˵ܹûм棬ȴжϲѪϵ
վ߳˵ɡ
ŵԱߵ£ӻͳӷֱߵϣ˵ǽϵĹ٣ǹ͵ģζܲ㳢
ߵһ£һӰԼûгԣǵݸŵ
ŵӹ֮һֻٰͽôڣ˵˵ɣʲô£
ŵ˼ЦЦ˵ȷһ飬æ
飬ϸĺ˵һ飬ŵֲǲҪ̲˾˾̲˾Ҳó͢ٺ»ֻϣʵĵЩˣһ̶ϣǽһµۣ԰˵Ҳһ¡
˿ڲ裬˵ȥץǰûйʡǱߣܲͨԵһߡȥɡ
ŵлл
ûм⣬ʵͼô
ŵصͦõģع
Ӷ˼£˱һѾڽŵվ˵ŵȻȥˡ
ͷһ£ֵ촾乱٣Ҳϲԣôȥɡ
Ƭ̺ŵ÷ܼ߳Һһÿ˻ﱧһ乱١
׼뿪ʱȻĳ䴫һ
ʱ滺ʱʹĳȣʱתˣ˵Ҳ֮䡭
ŵվڷſڣڵٵӣв첻ѡ
һ²̣ټ˲١
ŵѾֵСס
ղǶӣûи飬ȫǼɡ
ںԼӡ
༼ɣȴﵽ۷塣
ȫ̵ż֮
֮ڣ̻վŴһλԱ˳ǣʵŴˣ֪ٸղŵһдǰļֹ
˿ڲ裬û˵
̶һ£̵գѾ۷壬ﵽһµľ硣
ϴڴ£Լָֻ⼸˲̾ͺˡ
ÿ죬£Լǰһ
ۿټһص۷壬ոµͻơ
Ȼ̴˿̵ʵЩǷ
Ϊ֮ˣܿһλֵǺοġ
뿪֮ٴٻ¥
ŵǰһѩǰܣܲٻ¥һӺ󣬲ˬĴ
µĹԱѾˡ
̱һͣ
΢ЦʵˣԼȥ£Ǵ㣿
ͬĳѾûеһôη壬һӣ˵Լнţ鷳ˡ
̲ſڣŵʱ̵ĻѾµˡ
ڵĻѾ2.0汾
˵ÿץһΣÿιһ죬ĻԶϨ𣬲ʵʱ°汾Ҳúķȥ
е̫ˡ
ո̤÷Ȳʵôˣ
ŵҵ˵ˣȵһߡԡ
ӻͳӣǰϣ˵Щӻ㡣
΢΢һ㶣ʵ⹱ֻлʼģ
ŵҵģҵϲԣҴˡ
һۣ˵ġ
ŵ֣˵ûʲô飬ҾȻȥˡ
ǼӴ˵ãҲҪعһ߰ɡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣˵ǲ˳·
һۣʲô𣬹ֲԶһȥôˣ
ŵͬ⣬ԹԵȥ
ŵ׷ȥʱѾԼ̲ͣ
һ̣ƿӳ̽ԴŭĿŵҧ乱٣͸͵ҵĶֹˣأ
ŵ͵ⲻԲ껵𡭡
Ц㿼ǵͦܵũҵĹ٣ŶöˣԶҲơ
ǿв䳵ŵֻȥ
˹
ͬʱ³ģһӡ
ӣԼռһ䣬һ䣬ȴҪָӣĽøϷТŵֲ˵ʲô
һӶѣûҪƽϡ
ӺĽƺϲӡ
θ·ʱŵִһȡ˼
⹱ٵЧãȻû֮ǰôãԶҲкôģͨ˵ЧԣʺϷŮӡ
һмʮͷ˼Ҳ޷
ҪȻÿζĻҲͦ˼
¥ĿŵĴ֮ǰ¶ࡣ
գգۣʵʲôҪæ𣿡
ŵӻȡӣϣ˵ûʲô飬·ͼӡ
Ѿϰӻˣ˿ҲѾ֪⼸ͨӣʵͨԽϵĹ٣ֻң˸޸ܡ
ŵϵһƿʵƿ廨
˻˻˵ϲˡ
Ƭ̺ŵ廨
¥ҹݺԶȥɻ˵ˣ˵û˼ɣôصĹ٣˵ɣӾߡ
תͷ˽ֻȫڹ΢΢һ֮ʵʲô˼𣿡
ƳһۣСʲôû

θŵһӣ
£ոݺõһºϡ
̲һµ̸˾ڣĿ⣬ĳһͣ
ޡ
ԭ̫ڹƲء
ѾǽڣȥĵڶλԭԱ
˼Ƭ֮û档
߽ʵкηԸ
˵ȥһй֣ԭ̫ڹĹԱ¼Ҫκ֪


126 Ů
ʡ
ʡԭǱлʵּ⣬گĲš
Ա²֮󣬰ٹٽ£ȫڴˣʡȨͣЩѾΪ˳߾ࡣ
£Ҫʡʾ
һگҲʡ
ϣʡΪ٣λΪ
ǵ࣬ͳøʡ֡
ʡڴСλ˾֮ĺ飬ӡݽ£ʡͨͿ·ִС
˵Ĺְ̫ߣǰƷ⼸걻ᵽƷǸոս˸߹֮С
յȨȴСдİ䲼ʩУС
һλ÷Уһ¡
ɨһ֮üͷ
£ǹ̲Ƶġ
Թֻ̲˾Ȼ̲һ˾
ûͱ࣬ò飬ǳõְ𣬹̲ʲô飿
λԱ̲һ˾ȻһЩȥֱǻ֮
̲ЩԱƽﻹ̫ˣԱ˳ŵģȻߡӡ
Ҳ֪ôģΪʡĹԱҲһû
ÿҪ²ߡӣῴһɨһ۾ͻȥ
ģ֪λԱ˭
ɨһ½ǵ֡

΢΢һ㶡
ߡӣٿһ֮뷨Ѿ˸ı䡣
ȥץȷһδ˼·
һ棬Щ
·в̤ģǷҲʲôˡĴһĻᣬҲǲС
һ棬Ҳܽһڵΰ԰ҲǺһ
治Ǵ䰡飬ֱ̫ˡ
Ѹٵ¿հ׵ĵطʻһȦǩԼ֣Ȼһ÷֮󣬶һӰɣһ£ҪӼһ¡
ʡÿҪĵºܶ࣬һ㶼ǰ˳ĵġ
ɽӹǷ£ΪʲôҪ飬֮һɵĿ棬ʵˣû¶ɣ
ߡҲһȦùӼģ
ɴ˹ذɵӵ񣬶ε˵ˣ¹پãܺá
վ˵߱٣
ָ½ǵ֣˵
ɿָλãĬƬ̺󣬻£˵ϸ룬Ĳ
òãҪ˭ġ
̲ɵģΪ˵ĶԼͷˡ
̲飬ɻ糯֮󣬿ĸ֪˾ٲϹأȻ´ȥ
Ǵдġ
̲һŶѣ¡
ֲҪ͢ٺ»ҲùְԼôھôڣΪСµǸˡ
ϴѹѾ䲼گ飬Ķ󰸡
ٲߡӣᷢʲôɾ޷Ԥˡ
˵һСС˺ɣˣ࣬ҲøǸ˼ӡ
ϾˣҲδܴӱֵһơ
ɿһ۶ûվʲôһ̲輩˾گȥʡˣԽԽãý·̲

θ
μʱŵһԵ١
˵֣츳ôߣֶϲȫȴϲٻؼʫʸ踳Щ
ƺԽǲģԽϲ
ϸ룬ƺҲûʲôֵġ
ŵʫʸ踳һȤûУζôܴ
ԽȱʲôԽǿõʲô
ϵʱ˵١
ҿڴ̣Ϊʡһ
ϴκٰ޵ոչȥ֮Ҳָӣŵܾܾܲ
ǰϵλܾ;ܾ
źϵԽԽ׽ʱŵһֱ۴ϣҲû˵ʲô
˵٣ô˼ܾ
Ҳǳ֮ơ
Ϊƿˣֻ
Ҫôͻƾ磬£ٶȲǲںһġ
Ҫô취ֵüܣ֮ǰĵһԺͿʹã
ֻ·̫ߡ
Ҫͻƿ͵Ҫɵ¡
ҪֵüܣҪһץһֿسģҪжֵù
ﲻϲҪ󣬵ڶЩĻͻɢ
ŵٵʱĽһԣʱʱһõӡ
֪ȥˣӺ󣬾һܵûӰ
θרԺ䡣
õӵݵŮӵУĻŮתͷĳԺǽ֮ĳ򣬴ֵ
ŮӽһУ۾ϸš
ö֮泩Ҳ̲ס֪СȻʵ˭ڵ٣
һ߰ӣһ˵ŵ簡ŵĺôãҲô˻ôÿĽ˽㰡ԺҼˣҲҪһŵô๫
ĻŮӽеӷ£˵ʲôӣôᣬӣһ㶼
СһãȻ
Ӻŵ絯ҲܺúõģʦôȻˡ

ŵûȥ̲
Щ죬ն汼òײ
Ժӵϣеɹ̫
ĳһ̣оȻʧˡ
ŵ۾ֻֻ˶ӡ
ӣ촩һɫ·
ûд̲ƷǻһɫĹװ
һ£´Ķݸŵŵ򿪿˿һʡ·̲گ
گݺܼ򵥡
̲͢һ˾ǽڷ̵ĵ뼩˾Թۣ
ȥ飬گûȷ˵
ҲζţǷӵĿռܴ
û뵽͢Чôߣŵȥҵĸףʡگ͵̲ˡ
ŵ߻ط䣬˵һһȥ̲
˲û
̲һ˾ףȥʱ򣬻ܶϸϵ⡣
ô˵ЩŵľӢĸԸΪ͢£Լα֤ǳȥ֮ܣҪһҺƶȡ
һߣһۡ
˵ЩŵĹ£һЩֻҪһͿˡ
£Ҫŵǧ֮⣬ԶˣⱲӻزصõ˵ܻܲŰ꣬Ҳδ֪
뼩˾ʱš
ͬʱΪǽ̻ơ
ÿץһλȥһͽ̣ʮţÿץģٶʮͽ̣һš
ÿһڣԵõʮǮĳ͡
ʮǮƲ࣬ȴƻʳÿͼһȣżܳЩˮ
̲Ĳͷʮһյİײ˶ܲǲκλȵģΨһԸƻʳ
ôǳûܣĿǰûоЧķ
һߣһ롣
£ǲܡ
ЩŵĹ£ܶ඼ڳмңʵʵḶ́ܲһͷţһžۡ
Ըڼ˾СҲְܻǰ;
˶֪Ӧôѡ
һʼ̲Ĳڽš
Զ
ΪҵľĹүߣܼҺͼø̫
ûãܼ¶ɻ֮ɫ
˵ȥ̲·̲ʱҲûͣ
··ôţֱۻ쵽һˣ
ŵ߱ģйؼ˾ƶȣҲƣĳһ̣Ȼ֣Χе㲻̫Ծ
ڵͰ䣬̲Ȼ
ŵʶղĵ̫Ͷ룬֪·̲û
Ŀ⻷ܣЩЩϤ
ϤģΪǼߵľ·
ͷ˿Ȼĸ첲
ŵŲһ٣˼һЩϸûзһ򣬲ŵһˤ
վȺ̧ͷŵûʲô
ŵͷ˿һֱۡ
΢΢һ㶣ʶ֮ɿ˵Ǹϰˡ
֮Ҳ¶֮ɫ૵ôߵˣ
ŵûղŵ飬˵ȥɣ̲кܶҪš
Ŀǰǰ߹һֵǵסСլˡ
ԺиֳĳЩ䣬ڵˣȥɡ
ŵû˵ʲôǰȥ
Ϊ˻һµݣ򸾣Ѿܵ͵һط
Ϊ˱Ǳ൳ŵûǰܼҸһӣָıһ£㹻°뱲ʳǡ
ŵ뿪Ϳ˳
˿Ҫߵ⴦լǰʱԶԶģͿһӰԺǰǻ
һλòƽƽӣſǻͣʱ͸ŷ濴
񶼲֪ҹʲô顣
ֻ֪ҹ֮Ͷϵ
ǰݵʱݵվżٲ
ûиҿԶԶĿһˡ
ŵ֪ҹϵĸ߲㣬ȫٸҹչжŽһ򾡡
ʮ£ʮλ
ͨڣǲ֪˳ץ˶١
ΪϲڼңͺǴһ˲ӹһ١
ٺ֮⣬ŨŨİûڡ
ڲСμţţͲΪҲᱻ͢ץס
ʧȥ˼ĶԺӣô
⼸죬
Сμʼûˡ
̾˿վԺǽ£ӻͳһĹҵǮӽԺ
ϣûʱܿЩӡ
ȻǮ࣬Ҳһӡ
Ҫ뿪һתͷӰվ
һŮӿŮ˽Ųһֹ
ͷٿڶۡ
Źµλãϵļδжô߳ʶ˵ıǮ
λһǵλĹˣЩײǵģͷҪҴȥʱߺȻһϤ
磬
建̧ͷλӣϸֳ𾪺Ͳı飬ССΣ

⴦լӵĴŵġ
ŵ˵⡣
ָոմӦ
߽ԺӣԺϤһУļ両ͷ
⴦СլȻԶԶȲϺΰĳͻĹ˵ȴһ塣
Դĸȥ֮ټĹֻһ˾ס
տⶼղ
ŮǵͷҴҶܹϸѵ·ʱ򣬿Բκżһ̸Ц߹ֻ
ͯ꣬ڰͺڰжȹġ
ȻȲϺ󹬺͹һ䣬ȴȤĻ䣬ڿĺ󹬣Ĺʵϲ
ĵһǣ֣һӵһ³һγǹݣһӵӦӵе
ϧӵеһжǼٵġ
Ǹ֣ɢΪ³ױǼٵġ
ʵУֻ͵ӸŮˡ
뵽ȻЩѹ
Ŀŵƿ˵̲ɡ
˵꣬ԹԵ뿪
ŵҲȣһ뿪ıӰϸֳɻ֮ɫ
Լǵˣ
ûаղſʲôûҲʲôû˵
ѹ˵Ůģ롣
²͸ӣҲ²͸
Ľá
ĺͲĶдϣ˲ȥϣˣĺһ
һȻ̲ˡ
ŵûнԺĳ
վͷɫ԰ףͷ亹䡣
λӣźСһ
˺СγòһߣͣСûκ
λŮӡ
ɵò֮⣬ϵ磬ҲСεһģһ
һ̣Ѿµ˵Ÿԭ
Ǹղ˵̲ԭһʼǹٸˡ
ô˵֮ԻḲʵΪ塭
ŵӵϼһ֮󣬿ĶЩĳɫһҲоӦ˺ܳʱ䡣
Ȼʶʱ䲻ŵӡ̫
ʵ֤ҲȷƵ塣
˵ܲţŵ֮⣬һ˵ĹͲɺӡ
ʶˣܾʹλˡ
ŵ׼ڡ
ͨһ£˼ͷ˵СΣλˣС֪ģȥٸ֮ǰܲСȥط


127 

ǡ
ŵһլԺոƿţӾܳʮӰ
һЩͯʮһ꣬СĿֻӡ
壬ЩΧ˹
磡
ˣ
磬λ˭ѽ

忴Щӣḧ˼λкӵԴһǮ˵С飬Щ飬Ҫ뿪һЩʱգЩܵþͽչˣЩӣʡŵ㻨
ƽﱾͺæкҲûж룬ֻʵ磬Ҫȥﰡ
ûлش⣬ЩӣʵҲڵЩӣҪǵƽ˵Ļ𣿡
ǵã͵ƭ
ҪԼ˫׬Ǯ
ȺУһ곤һЩŮ˵İɣҺСϴ·ÿҲ׬ʮǮأ
һСкҲڵҷһ˼ңǺľͰÿ춼ᵹܶ෹ˣʱļȣ
ҵһͰĻÿ׬ʮģ

Χ壬˵ţЦÿ˵Դ
Ƭ̺߳ԺӣԺź󣬶ŵ˵ˣ߰ɡ
ŵʵţΪЩӣ
ղע⵽ЩȻĶͨĴֲ·ǬмСĺӣֺģƽ϶ԵĲ
ͷ˿˵Сʱǹ¶氤ܶͷܾòζͽǶˡ
ŵʵˣˣٸôУ
ŵ£ͽǧʮ̡
꣬˲
ܿͻָȻСиڷ絲ĵطĺӣҲ׬ǮǰԵĲ㣬Ҳڶ
ŵһתֵڵٵһϣд󹦣ȥẓ́ͽ䲻⣬иĻᣬ֪ԸԸ⡭

ֱ̲ʱȻΡ
һκݺݵһԼĸ첲ȷⲻΡ
СνţԼҸɽ
û뵽ѾǵˣǿɽȻס
ȻǱͽ̣ȴ̣ͨƲһܳ
ڼ䣬ÿ컹뿪ΣԳȥǡ
ΨһǰĲͬǣҪص
⡣
ʲôطû˯ηô¶޽ͷҪõöࡣ
ŵ߽̲Ժӣվ÷档
ȻŵôڵǷ˵ݣҪȽ͵
ŵûüڣ㹪ϹϾĿڵˣ
һ£Ȼתͷ
Ӱ÷߳
ŵ̧ͷ¶֮ɫ
첽ǰʵӣôˣ
μ˿һ壬Ŀŵʱ˵ҴĽߣ˵̲㣬Ҿʹˡ
Ľһ£ͷ˵ԶԶԣŵģ뿴춼ʲô
ŵǣĽ߽÷תͷǸǵһ£Ȱ͵ɣоһϡ
߽̲ΣʵΡ˲Ƿ𣿡
ղûб𣿡
ʹ׶廹ǲܽܡ
ʵǼ죬Ҳ͵͵ļӹǷ޼ʱ
Ƕô۵һԷް
ҸŮ˹ˡ
û뵽ǾȻǼٵġ
ⶼǼٵģ֪ϻʲôˡ
ղŽӵŮӡ
һ
λʮ֮һ
ͷЩź˵һΪأϾǿô䣬ԭǰղλô񡭡
Ų΢΢һ٣Ȼǰȥ
⼸̲Σĳ֣Ů˷ˣûһη
壡
˵ôˣ
Ҳˣ
ǺǣԵģŰɣ

Щ죬ŵ͹ǣѾ֪ȥ
ŵĸ𣬾Ϊʶ˲硣
λǹﲻ
ֻýеԹޣתƵϡ
ѾĦȭƣ׼úккˡ
һŴ򿪣忴ηڶŭĿӵʮˣ̲סһ£ʱԵͷһۣ˵ȥԱߵη
ʮλŵĹ£תƵڵη
ǼСηڣһӼʮˡ
һη˳
һ˶ռһη֪Ƕչˣ̹ӣѿڵллˣллˣ
ѾˣŲͣ£ָ壬ͷ˵˻дãǶչһ㡣
ͷͷ˵
Ź뿪ͷηе壬̷˱仯ЦʵλֵܣԷûУ
ӣҡҡͷ
ͷʵϴӼ˷ҪǲȶԸųڣʲôԵ֪һ취

ص÷ʱֻŵһ
ҿ˿ʵأ
ŵȻȥˡ
̲ɲʲôĵط˵ҪҪ죬ûʱǡ
û˵ʲôߵԼλ¡
ŵûӺĽ̲һһԭ
Լ̲Ҳûλá
⴦÷ģŵֻ顣
̲λãֻӡ
ŵѾдо˵·ɼεʵֱ
ղ·ϣڼ˾ĽŵѾ˾̡
̲˾ֱΪ̲˾˾Ȳ˾˾˾
Ȼ˵ڶһ˾˵ˣʡڸ׵ϣһСڡ
˾ǳ͢沿ţÿ˾ƷһˣƷԱһˣ£ʷƹɣЩ˾ĳ͢٣Եǳ͢ٺ»
˾Ǳⲿš
ţκιλҲûһٺ»
˾תһоѣÿŵ
ʵϣ͢ûаǵ£νļ˾ҲǸǹҼֵġ
͢һ£ŬĽᾧŵԼȻҪ档
ڼ˾ֻн׶Σһʼģ̫ŵʮ˾͹ˡ
ʮУҪһλߣҲǼ˾˾
λ˾µĳԱֱŵ
˾ѡŵѾѡ
ǵŹ£ӵһĹ飬ĵƷŵۼģû˱ʺλá
˾˵ģһ£Ҫ
ŵ˵ڼ˾˾һѡǸղȥελŹ£壬ղԺ󡭡
ŵ˵꣬͵˵ͷ˵á
ŵ΢΢һ㶣û˵ء
֮ĵһۣҾ;ʲô֮ˣ۹⡭Ʒɡ
ȻҲûʲô飬ŵôˡ
Ƭ̺̲֮С
һڸ߲֪ĳϢ󣬷׷ԭء
ΪϾҪŵ߹أһȥϣû뵽黹ת
ÿץһλȥһͽ̣ʮţÿץģܶʮͽ̣һš
ôֻҪÿץǲţܺܿ
ɱǲ̫Уץǵıְ
һλϸĵŹ£Ҫӵãã˺Уһۿͬеı졣
Ҫȡ̵ĻᣬҪȼ뼩˾
˾ֻʮ
˭ܼ뼩˾Ȩ
ղŻҧгݵˣ̬ȣ̷һٰʮȵת䡣
磬ѡң
Թ£ǰķϣѡң
ʲôԹ£˾˾ѡңǰԹأ
һ̣Ĺ»ǼλƴıԼҪΪļ˾
ڿĵηУЩ߸ϵǣſηդϣͣĶ֣֮ɫвһһĸо
û뵽Ҳн졣
عǰȷ飬ӦþȺ֮Уһ۾ͿСΡ
Ժ֮·ȻͱĿ

ĳĽͷ
ƶܿġ
⼸ܿġ
ŵЩһаУ޷죬ڵĵطͲ֡
ǰʱ䣬Լֻǵĵ̣͵һͷӣͱץݺݵĴһ٣´ٸ͵ʹȡ
طǴҵģƾʲô͵ģ͵ã
ӽ£𣬻з
ҪԼҲǸƶȥ١
ںˡ
Щһٸһ򾡣Ҳſˡ
ôˣ͢һ¡
ûЩԵļһЩӣƶȥ͵ȥ͵͵˭͵˭ÿ춼ջ
ҡڵڽϣĿȺвϵɨӡ
ܿ죬ɫһĿꡣ
һŮӣżҩһҽݳ
ʧǵģɫҴңˣעܲУõֶ
飡
ƶӭǸײһ£Ǹ˱ײڵأƶŭ·۾
˻æվ˵˼ҺˣҼŻؼҸҩԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
Ǹ󣬸˾ʹҴ뿪
ƶ˵һŲǮҪɫһĿ꣬Ȼ˽ץסһ˱ĵĿŭ˼β˵ǮҲ͵㻹ǲˣ࣬Ƕ
ƶҪܿͱ˰ڵϡ
ǸѾ˻ûԼǮ󣬿λһǮĺˣмллллЩǮҪǶˣĲ֪ôˣ
ӶǸ˵⣬ǮҪϵ䣬ҲҪڻ»ڲ࣬һӵĿڴͲױ͵ˡ
һȥͷ죬ȥͷ졭
Χ۵İշ׷ֽкá
Ҷٶ͵ľЩнţȴŲͶ񣬻˵࣬ν˺
һЩڲģ˵˼š
ܿ죬ƶͱѺߡ
ͬ飬ڳݡ
ԾڳһЩëǣܵűĿ񻶣޼ɵԣٲȻͳǵǰ
̲
ʱѾúܾã̲ĹԱѾؼңĳ÷֮ڣŵԾæµ
Ǽ˾ŵĵһ죬νջ
˾ֻʮһ˵ļ˾һ֮ڣڽͷץʮ
ֲֻ׵ĳһ١
ŵĴڣЩСɢ͵˵һ޴塣
Żڵʱ򣬳ԵĵطռˣЩɢ͵ë֣طֺѵ֡
ûˣЩûƣ㳹׵޼ɵˣγȺĳ档
վʵĽǶȣű˵ΰˡ
⵱ȻŵҪġ
˾ֻʮˣȻԶԶ
ʮˣҲеŵæ
ÿһ˾ĳԱÿץ˼Ӧüȥ̷ʣڣҪ֮
˾ûԱЩ飬ŵֻΪ
ſ˯ЩС£ȻָϹ
Щ˽õ֮ѾЩˡ
±ʵһ̣ŵʶø˾һ飬רŸЩ顣
̲ȻҲкܶÿλԼıְǿиɻӰ࣬ȻϲҾܾ᲻Ͳһˡ
ڶ졣
һ߰ӣһ߿д˾ڵŮӣ̾Ưְ
˾飬Ҫʶ֡
Ҫ֣ûд
ҪҪ󣬿Ƽ򵥣ʵѡ
ӣȫ
ĵĽԴǼȼУһм¢Ƶġ
ͨƶգʶ̫֡
ֻи˼ңΪӵʶ
׼˾ʱŵо˺ʵѡ
Ȼٻ֮ңԶĲŮ黭ͨʮ꣬һֺ֣鷨Ҷøʰ·硣
ĲܣһЩ첹ϴĻȻǼ˷ѡ
˾ְλΪġ
顣
ȻŵԼҵ顣
˾һУʮֳɹڶ죬ŵѡʮˡ
Щڳм̲ͥһ꣬һ꣬ؼգͼžۣԸĻڼ˾Ӳܡ
̣ŵҲڹעԼı仯
Щŵʱûм١
ֱǶƣǲϿɵġ
ִͨķʽ̣Ӱ취ѾĲö
ĻŵͿԷĵ󼩵˾ˡ
Ѿĵڣϸ߲㣬Ѿнˡ
Щ˶ܸа˱ץˣô֮󣬳Ҳûʲôˡ
֮ǰܹ֯Լá
һλ˾˾λ˾ʮλܣʮλС鳤ÿλС鳤ʮԱ˻ЩˣǵѾǸˡ
Ŀǰ˵ݶǷˡ
øǿʡ
˾׷ҵʧģ黹ʧҲģҪϽ⣬ʱ򣬿͢һΪ˾ʽ𣬸Ƿٺ»
ܳõάΰܴ켸ٸλЩﷸİ⡣
ô
ݸҲЧ£Ƶķ顣
ؼ˾ĳԱҲһǵǵ̲˾ܻС鳤ǣȥѵһЩۡ
ŵԺðЩ뷨ʱΪƿƺɶ
רİӵȻתͷŵ¶֮ɫ
ŸƿôͿͻˣ


128 ƴ
̲
÷֮ڡ
ŵʵҲ˵Խ˾ȫҾܽڶˣ
˵ͷ˵ȻΪΪʲôô෨ǰðΣգƶ䷨͸ƣץһǧҲһ
ŵع˷ҵ̣ƺ
ķǿߣһԼķۡ
ǴԼۣĴ˵һǵ۱ĸҲòУǵΪҲڶʱڿ
ķҸ߾ôġ
ŷϵƣڴϣѾûʲôˡ
ķҵӣֻԭзɵĻϣһЩ΢Сı
磬̵ķΧս̡
ֻߣĶȣ߷Ĵۡ
ƶɷĸĸʹǧ棬ȻҪץмɱ˷壬õĻرҲߡ
Ÿ߷գеɷǶ෽ĺĽ
ҪƽˣնĴۡ
ŵҪ飬ûжκ˵ĵ⣬Σûô
ĵķΧڣ˾ҪͲԶԶûô򵥣ֱ͢䷨͸ĸܽͬ⣬ҪڳϽۡΪûô𣿡
ŵղţȷļˡ
ڳССֹҼңһӣһֻ۱һֻۡ
ҪƶƶϵıֻһССıҲ¡
٣Լûġ
Ҳûһ취
¡
ŵٴʱԶԶľڵ١
µһЩԱͲۣԺվ򿿣۾һܡ
̫²Զ̫ÿ磬٣óѾϰÿ༸
һˣĳλԱ۾һӰ̿첽ǰ˵ˣںʹ壬Ҵȥ
£á
һö֮󣬶ŵôˣĳӣƳ²ˣ´δ
ŵ͵̲æһЩ飬һȥݷô
찡ͽɣ壬ȥ˺ͳ˵һھͿʼ׼
մ»ЩҪ񣬻Ǹɡ
Щʧǵðɣ˵죬Ǿ͸ɡ
һ壬һʵ˾ôˣ
ŵ̵һж˳ÿ춼ץʮϰëһЩʧԵİ׷زò˶ãĵӦþûôˡ
Ȼ⣬ŵͳȴ˵ŵЩˣץҲһѺ֣ܶ࣬ǾôδЩ˷ѣݸţҲ˾ǽҲøİ桭
ŵпĶӰȻְ취ǼǸĶÿ֪ŪһľͷľͷŮңϱһˣôһʶӡ
ŵæʵ⣬һʼǰģҡīҵģᣬѾǵľīţô˵ǲء
̾˿˵㲻֪ǰ죬Ȼ˵ҪǸľͷŮ˳ס

ŵͲ֪ôˡ
ȻԼȽϴͳôҲǾֳǰ˼ġ
飬Ȼ⣬ʾء
īңǾ͸ˡ
īҶǽԼĻΪѪʱˣܶīҵӣԻزĸ顣
һ˵
ϲģôǸˣǻŮˡ
˻֣˵˵ˣղ˵ҪݸҲ˾뷨ȻǺõģûôףôΧĸĸҪۣ쿪ʼˣ϶Ը
ô˵Ĳˡ
ļ˵㲻żĻٶȼ£ȵ´βһɡ
ŵȭлл
ٴΰ֣һˣлʲôлǵ´δԷˣϴ˵ͰһУ
ŵ˵ͷ
¶ο֮ɫ˵ȥ磬ʱûĸףԸһֱܹƧû뵽ܺΪѡ
ŵһ㶡
ĸףѾȥ
ѹϴκ׿һڵ֪׿ĸǱԾʱ򣬻ô
ЩζҪģȴ֮ġ
̱ϣһӣȡһֻݸŵ˵ũҸ߾ļƷ٣㳢ζȽϵĹٻã˶Ҳкô
ŵĻʵ˳ӡ
⼸ֻ٣һЩ£˵ǵãϲӣڳһƬ֣˾ũ½٣ʶʹ͸ǵ΢ʡ
ŵٴһӣȻͱĳ
ԭ֮ôϲӣΪĸס
Լ͵ӡ

ŵӹݹ٣ûгԣǷԼ
㲻ϲӣΪ֪ٵļֵ˵ٿɲѰӣũҵľϵǿߣũĸᣬֻмĻӲʸƷҲֵֻֻ
ŵһۣһֻϵУʣֻ
ЦЦ˵ллȥһԡ
еһֻҲݸ˵ҲϲӣҲȥɡ
⡭
Űɡ
лףȻȥˡ
ŵ뿪֮󣬴Ŀ˵ʶôãû˵㲻ϲӰ
һֻٰһ˵㳢ӵζĺܲ

̲
ŵ߽÷ʵô
ŵҡҡͷ
Ҳû˵ʲôϣ飬ԴԣҲһ׵顣
ŵĬĬӻͳӣϡ
һΪ⡣
ֻ͵ԼӣȻлʱ
һ໹һ
һӣŽһ̣ٴס
ⲻǽϹٵζ
˾ũĸٵζ
ļƷ٣ĸڵʱÿ궼ܳԵࡣ
Դĸ׹ȥ֮ҲûгԵ˾ũµĹ١
ԴϤζĸĻ䡣
һˮȻ䡣
ŵĿԸӶѣôˣ
˾ũµӣôó
еθ
֪Ͳ͵ˡ
ޱε飬ĬĬĽڻһֻҲ˳
֪˶ã˲ᣬŵʵֻӣģ
ŵʵ˵ղڴ£¸
˾ũµĸ꣬ÿĹӣϡ٣ǹҲֲһ
ʵĻӹֻ֮࣬мλĻӣʸá
پжôߵļֵһֵλ硣
ͷ˿ȷֻӣֻԲͬ
ֻŵ͵ĽϹ٣ֻɫޣźԶŵһƢĹ㣬Ȼ˾ũĸļƷ
ޱȲĿŵһۣŵʵǸҵģ
ŵȻҲͦϲӵģ˵Щǿڸ֮
Ȼ˾ũµӣ壬ȫҲ޷
һҹްնҹ޾ա
ٷ޴ۣҲһʮա
ŵͷһۣûʲô״ߵſڣȻ߻˵ǼҶ̫ϲӣɡ
˵꣬Լϣùһݾ
˼ȴȫھϡ
˾ũӣһӣ䣬һŨĹ㡣
ŵƲס˼ڿˮ
ôӣҲ֪ʲôζ
Ժð뷨ʱһӴԱߵ˹
ŵתͷ˵Լ
ո죬ǰӾ
һҧ£磬óԵᡣ
ѹղſˣӣ֮ǰӻóԡ
һӵݹŵո֣ҪԼֱֱ
һֻӣһ룬ŵһ롣
ʣµһֻ٣˵ֻȥҲɣ˾ũĸᣬζطĹٲһ
ȻŵֻٶɲʲôʶôŮˡ
ûŰѱμ˵Ķȫߡ
Ǻðɡ
ô˵ˣŵҲûжԣһֻٴȥӺĽˡ
˷һӣÿֵֻܷꡣ
Ľһӣɴ۾˵ŵ磬Ӻúó԰ҳԹӶóԣ𣿡
ŵûˣϴλģֻ
һأ
ҳˡ
ĽԼӣȥԺﵴǧˡ
ֵԼ֮󣬺ܿͲˡ
μԼһ꣬һݸŵ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ѾԹˣ԰ɡ
μ˵ȴûջ
ŵֻֽӹ
ӺĲͬ
ȻܾͬһӣӻĬĬĵĵݸֱ
ڶ죬ŵ̲ʱ̲ԱһЩ
ǳһ
ÿ³һ̶ֻгᣬƷϵĹԱҪμӡ
ŵʶѾʮ³һˡ
³һƾ³һƾ٣ʣ¡
ŵ߽÷û
λϣģƨͱ棬űˡ
ûŵԼ˱裬еĺš
ûߣ÷Եøⰲ
ʱʹ֮ϣȴЩӣڶԱ۲ݡ
ʱʮ£Ļӣӹ
һһֻ˽ʮߣϰߣǴ˿۵ģǴһ顣
մº˾ҪţνȨ㳯ҰʵڳϿڡ
ÿһοڣһѪȷ磬֪Ҫͷء
ˣվʱ򣬺ܶԱж̲סһ£²Ҫ˭֡
βҪɱˡ
ǰʱ䣬ãִ̲һ͵֯⼸ŵĴΪ
飬ڸݸţһ˾רŸò֮¡
ͬʱЩĵؼ˾ץ
飬ȻɱˣҲ鷳
ÿöһ²ţҪҪ𣬵ǽ˾鵽ξ£ְ
ȨξǷƵطõȨƽ⣿
ְ᲻߹ְ͢ÿҪ෢ٺ»
ЩҪһ۵ġ
Ҵ£һһ˵÷ȥץˣǰҲûй
ܶԱǳַġ
ȴûпڡ
գһλԱվڵٷԣòǵطõְξһ˾ʵһ١
ڶλԱվ˵÷ȥʹٲְ𣬼ֱ֮˵̲֮£Ѿһ˾˽ȥֱǺ֣
ܿеӰվ˵ҿ̲ļ˾ҲӦȡޣ
վͷ֮󣬳ϷԵͶ
ֻǾûҪȫڣ̲˾ѡԵĽ˺ӡ
˭֪Ķ޷ҵģ
Щ飬ڸԼĶ·
һ֮·ģѾˡ
˭ֻ֪ʲô顣
ոտڵλԱ֧£ʵȴ³˺ܴĿȻ⡣
ֻʷ̨ļλʷ֧һĸǵܿͷԵû
Ϸһλͷ߹ڣ꣬վ˵Ȼô˷ԣ±ʹΪֹ顭
ʱյĳǸԻá

һλԱοй˹֣˵˺÷ɣȻҵһվ䣬
Ƴһۣ˵ʲôģʲô˵ʲô͢ĹְѾˣбҪٶһ˾𣿡
λԱļ˵˸Щ黹ˣˡ
˾ѫ뿪вмĳ˳ǡ
һͽų
Ϊжд̣ŸյȻҪڵǰúñһ
ûм˾ҪҪԼ̬ȡ
ֵ֧ģȻҪԡ
һ˸ҷ鳼ʱֻ޷˵վ˳
ԼУǲηǿȨڷ֮ʿ
ÿУôҲƷĳ͢٣治ţô
ŵʱӰ߽
üͷһ壬֪𣿡
˶һۣת˳⣬֮ٴ߽
üͷʵʲôˣұٺ£
˻ڡ
ᡣ
˾ĸУ˴Ĳȥ˾ܵ顣
ɫһס
ǣЩڼĵصңֻͨضĻزܿô֪ģ
ȥ˾·ϣῴϤס
ղڴ֮ϣһ𣬴ͷ
糯Ÿһ˾ͱһץ˾
ⲻǱʲô
Ը죡
λƷĹԱ˵ץץǳ
ѵûܹܹ


129 ר

б˾˴ˣԱֲ⡣
ǲеĽ֡
ֻû뵽ô졣
ǸոյģǹٵеλãƨɵµλûûȣҲûлˡ
̲ʹ£гĿܡ
˾ֻסС
οУڴС
㹻֤ݣ˾ܳһȥ׶༪١
˶⣬ߵԭ
ղڴ֮ϣͷԴǸԴڡ
㹲ʣĺǼر
ϲ˴ߡӣͻһλˣʷ֮⣬˭ڳϷһ⵽ı
иո糯Ϸ糯ͱˣλ䣬ں˵ۡ
ڿᣬ˾ĵܿˡ
ƷĹԱٺ
˾ȴļУѳ˼ֵϵĲ
飬ĳݱʱְܻ¸ְȨȨǮ׵ȡ
աְɡȥῼ֮λҲȫ乫
ĵĹԱӵһȨġ
λǶеĳͷˣ򲻱ϵ̷
һλԱ˵ʮʮ꣬ò׸Уٻʮʮ꣬ڵλãȴһߣףֱɱܡ
οο֮ǰѾĳݵıݡ
Ǵʷ٣ݱݣҲдƷĹٽףһƷĹԱΪʮ꣬Ĳһ
ܻ¸ȨǮʲô£ٲΪٻˣı׼һϵĹԱñҡ
ֻЩ飬ǹٳϵղĹǲõ˵ġ
ɴᣬҲκδ©
ͬõģʡһλУһλ
˶˵һЩԹλ󣬹ְƷƷҪȴãⱲӶлϳˡ
Ȼͬһͬ㡣
ǾǶڳϹȻǴͷˡ
˾鱨֪ŶٹԱܣȻڸȺ˭ֻ벻롣
˳߲ǴĵһȨ
̲
ŵԳϷȻ֪
͵͵Ĺ۲
̲ûдǼƷǴһɫĹװȹ
ȹ֮ϣžµķͼûϴδǼôָ࣬߹󣬶ޡ
ŵҲǵһʶԭʣݷˣҲ
·ϻ˵ױѹֽ쿴ĺÿ
Լеɫˡ
ע⵽ŵĿ⣬̧ͷʵܿʲô
ŵ˵㻻·Щϰߡ
üͷ΢ʵѵҾͲܴŮӵ·𣿡
ŵͷڣ˵ԣʵôҲͦÿġ
üͷչȻʵ𣬱λ˹أ
ŵ̧ͷһۣѹȻˣԭǱ˴̼ˡ
ƯŮˣϲƯŮ˱ȥġ
⣬ŵ϶ֻһ𰸡
ӵԸⱲӶô
ŵҲģʵʵ˵ǧɡ
ķ񣬷з˵ζ
еıȽϣҪֳʤҲеıȽ϶ֳܷʤ
üͷʵΪʲôǸǧ
ֲμˣμ˲Ǹǧ
λ˹òģСʤһݵλʤĸ࡭ô͸ǧˣ
ŵһۣ˵òǶټˣѷֲ٣ֻòһˣǳΪ˾ͨ黭ò廨Щ㲻ɣʵǿľҲ·磬һͨ˾۸۲㲻ʵ㡭ѵǸǧ
ͣ޷
ȷ黭Ҳ廨
ЩʵҪ
룬ʵã˺μˡ
˵꣬ŵͺԥ˵ȻӸʤһˡ
Ϊʲô
ƾʲôͷ˾Ǹǧμ˾ͱȷ˸ʤһ
ŵǻشߣսȨ
Լб׼
ֵΨһб׼Ҫȫ
ƫУƾ˵ֵ棬ŵǶ֣ĸǧ
ķ棬ŵû취ƫӣֵĻֻʮ֣⣬ŵֻܸʮֵ֡
շ棬ŵҲΪ֣ʮ֣⻹轣յ¡
Ļ˾ٷ֣һʮ֡
ʵ棬һһ٣Ӽİ٣ܷʮ֣һûУһٷֶ֣ܷٷ֡
ŵг׼ʵ֤ݣķڷ
Ȼʵأı׼ѵ᲻Ǹˣ
ƫУֵ֣֣֣ʵİٷ֣ܷٷ֡
˲գ涼Ƕģӻʮ֣Ƿ˵
⡣
ŵȴܾò˵ʲôֵģգʵȻȻ˲ͬķ棬ȫ棬룬ּһ
ᡣ
᷽棬ʮɣǵһһţŵ͸ˡ
ƾ˵аʮֵᣬһʮ֡
ʮ֡
ĻʮһʮڶΪ̰̫أȻ涼֣ʵٷ֣ʮλӵ
ӵһ˵ڶм䲻һŵǰϣʵﲻˣ
ƣ֮£쵽ߡ
Ϊŵ˵ᣬ϶ûк˵
ǲᡣ
˵ʵ
ǰҲ˵ĲղˣʵˣٵĹάϵۡ
ȻᣬȴôС
ڶϣŵ˵ˣȫȻ顣
ǵһ㣬ٸʮ֡
ʱת۱ǰ¡
£Ϊ˾飬ŵÿ춼Ҫ̲
Щ߲㣬ᣬץı£ǳû̲ûκβ۱ȵϡ
ŵ˿˾ݡ
Щ˾ץĵּٵơ
ļ˾ԱʮλǷֲڳܼ֮ÿÿ춼ץë
ż˾רжΰҲԵ
ܸŵЩ죬ÿñʧ԰İգ١
ֻԽץԽ٣˾ԱҲûıҪ
͢ȫ˾ôڸηʣЩˣͿԿ֮·ˡ
ûʲô飬ŵĵ塣
ʹ֮ϡ
ÿʮĳᣬʱٿ
£ûʲô·
Աְַֻ֮мʷվ̲ڼĳɾ͡
̶̰£˾ץĵʹﵽĵ¼٣ڶʧԵĲﱻ׷أԹٸڼж˸߶ȵۡ
ʵһ΢С¡
ĵ٣볯õĹԱ޹أЩʮӣҲ͵Ǹϡ
ֻǣǰǲŸոշ˼˾û뵽˼ҾȻ˵ĹǴ˵
³ĳϣ˵òξְ˾Ƕһ١
ʵ֤˾治Ƕһ١
רҵ飬͵ýרҵ졣
Ⱥ֮УһλԱվ˵̲˾ڰڣץĹĿãٽ飬ڸݸҲ˾λˣзԵ𣿡
һƬ
ڵĹԱǴµһλ䣬Ҳڳϵĺࡣ
Ļľ־
ϴվԵԱո³ͱ˾ˣװװһµġ
˭ҷ԰
Ʒ֮£ҷԵĹԱϾ͵˾ߴµȹ
Ʒ֮ϣˣҲó¡
߼ĹԱǲΪЩ޹С£ԡ
𣬲ѣһ֣ض췭ظ
˷ԣλȻû˷ԣͷʡĴǣƳϸԽʩУձԽ桭



³֮صУһУȫ˸ϡá
ɱ㣡
ŴӺмѵļ⼸֡
ǰ˾ߵλԱȫ˴ۣŰŵǸλõģһҹ֮䣬ȫ
Ϊˣȥ״ظרУȴʵ涼û
յĳ֮ϣᣬһ˸ҷԡ
ҧˣȴҲƶС
ڳϵҪһжĺޣڶԼλȨĻ֮ϡ
£塭
һ𣬿ŴӰӰϸΪŭ˵εʧܣĶӣôܻڣλǴ£ΨܽⱾ֮ޡ
ӵͷ˵ϴɽɷʧ֣ߵĻ֮ǰǿˣҪɱֻʦ֡
Ǿȥ룡
ɫҧ˵ҪӾ۸ôĴۣ

̲
÷֮ڣŵҪ뿪ã
һ°ɡ
ŵôã
͵Ҫȥĸ꣬һºŻ
ŵ˵ͷ˵߰ɣͽˡ
˾Ѿ棬ٷģʱʲôӣҲᴦġ
뵽÷ԺֻʣԼŵЩϰߡ
뵽ԺԼԶռ÷ӣ˯ĴƺҲ
һۣʵҪ뿪ܸˣ
ŵ˰֣˵ûУôء
Ҫ䣬Ȼ΢΢һƺʲô
Ҳɴ۾ĿޱȲ졣
ŵ֣һϳһõĳޡ
֮ޣҵڶı־
ŵϲ֮࣬ҲЩãȻ
ҵһƿɲôͻƵģʲôûɣĪƾˣ˵Ҳһ


130 Զʫ
˵кѣŵҲ

ֱȥһȦŵ֪ʲô
ǰ͸ڸ˾ʱ򣬸ײû˵ʲô
ŵΪûзϡ
ڸյĳϣµĹԱȫΧ˾
ʹԤϣ飬ڳ˺ܴ
飬ͱˡ
³֮󣬴ͷԵλԱ˾ߣٵı٣ҵĳҡ
һЩԵĹԱҲ⵽˾ʹµĵ顣
Ȼʲôûеºγϣλ¹Աʱ֮ϣҲû˷Ե
³֮ʡһʱⶨگ
׼ڸصã˾רܼòһ¡
˾ԱݹξϽԱӲѡȡɵŵľӢṩ֧֣ǽרҵѵ
Щ̵ĵԸǰط˾ȥţһɡ
֮ǿѡڵؼ˾ҲԻصԭ
Լ˾Ⲧ˾ҵʧģʧ
ҲʧģһϽɹ⣬һ˾ѡ
ʵ֤͢ʲô飬ûп˷˵ѡ
µĹλûж֧ܴһʡ
͢ʵڵĺôҲܴʵ档
ڹй
ƶµĹԱ޵һǷңܻΪϵ
˾⣬ġ
ʵǸ׵Ĺ͡
ŵУҲһЩƶԵá
ݹͣ䲻ΪǣƸССƿǴ´ġ
ĽĿŵ
иõ
ԼҲմٹ⡣
ŵƾʱҲԼΪϸ΢
˵ľܲΪԵһܲ˼顣
ȻΪȴҲòĽ
в£Ѿ̤˵ڶ
ӵһڶ˰ꡣ
⻹̲ڶసӵ¡
ٶȣû͸Լˡ
ŵҲһõ
Ȼ̸ڱĬĬΪźһС
Ҫȥĸ飬δһ¶ڳ
֮ŵҲ뿪̲
û̲ʵҲԲ˳
ϣƾٹ󣬿̲
θʱ·ŵܼͣ
£һֱæ˾飬飬֪ôˡ
ԼĶһ飬һ飬ӦûвСĽ
⣬ƺûаǰˡ
Ȼǿĸ߷ڣһ¥ãҲֻ˲֮һĿˡ
ԧڹ̨Ŀп˽ʶ̧ͷһۣվ߳˵ӣþòˣ¥Ϸ䣬Ҵȥ
ŵ˻֣˵ãæİɣԼȥ
¥֮ڣ˵ϣ¶Щݡ
𳤰һַĵ̵ײ㡣
˵ǰʱƣӵһٿĽʱţȡɴĹעջʧ
ҪĻùעҪϵơ
Ҫϵһֽ㣬üҺȻһ΢࣬ץסӺ̽һֻ˳ƶ𣬽ӱ͵Ϯҹݺϣѹȥû֣æء
Ŀʱ΢΢һ㶣̷ſŵô㡭
ŵ󣬲Ŀŷˡ
ղߵſڵʱ򣬿ǿŵģԡ
Ϊ˼һµѵɹĵ˽ԴӺ͵Ϯ
û뵽ĸ֪ôҲݵ⡣
֪Ǳ츳͡
ŵ֮ʵҸǱ𣿡
˸˱裬˵ӵһ⣬ūôܲϣǱūÿ춼ϼģ죬оԼЩ
ŵԼ󣬺ֹˡЩֵڻš
ϴͷַ˵СſϿ޵ʱƶƲ
츳ϧˡ
˿ŵǸ˵ǸūҸղŻΪҹݺأū̫ˣҪūҸࣿ
ŵ˰֣˵ãԼͺˣУ˵ūūңֵֹģ˵Ϳˡ
ŬЦݣ˵СŮ֪ˡ
Ҳ˵СŮӣͱҴ󡣡
֪ˣ

ҲŵԷʲô
ƽӴŮӣֻλ
ӵᣬǳĬᡣ
ᣬûᡣ
̫ˣ˵ʱ϶ڶɢһֶصù˵ϸĽšūҡʱ˸оͷˣ̲סͻ˼롭
ƯŮҲ٣ֻз˸ָо
ŵҺ׼뿪ʱĿ⿴ϵһֽʵʲôʫдģ
ﻹһۣ˵£ԺĲдģһһأ
ŵһŵ⣬һ
Ƶ˵һѾǺܱ˵ļ۸ˣЩĲӣһʫҪйϵûйϵҲ򲻵
ƷĹԱһٺ»Ҳ
õĲ죬ÿ¶ӡ
˾ķ˸ңһ׬ʮġ
дʫһ
дʫǮ
дúҲͰˣؼдĺһ㡣
ʲô˪֣һЩĴ壬ѺСϣ޼ԡ
ʫŵԼдҪж١
ˣʵʫʲô
ﻹţøŵͣ˵ϲ𣿡
ŵ֪ǮǮҲộ
ˮǮ׬Լ׬
˵ҲȱǮŵ˼׿ڡ
ˣ˵˵ҲԶһʫʣҲҪҲҪһʮһףʱ˻ôҪҪף


131 мˣ

˿ŵգգ۾ʵӶʫʣ
ŵƳһۣ˵Ʋ˲ǣҪдһף
΢΢һЦ˵ð
ǰθϣΪϷϺʫס
һףֻ֮
һǾƷдԣĸ
óᣬ̽һ̽ŵ١
ŵʵҪʲôʫʣ
˵͸ղƵġ
ŵֵĿ⿴˷һۡ
ղʫֱף򵥸ɴࡣ
ȫʫֻһּǾǿһλŮӶôƯ
ǮûطˣȻһӣñдʫƯ
ŵµ֪
ߵǰ̿һֽ˵Ϊĥī
ŵҡҡ֣˵ãҪһʱ乹˼·ʱ㡣
ԺʫʿУȻֳɵʫʲ٣Ҫ޸ģֱóá
ֳдĻԼʵ֣̫õó֡
ڼдã쵽̲ʱùȻæдһ¡
صθ극ŵص䣬ʼԺɸѡ
ܿѡһ״ʡ
˫ȹ磬۲ȣл
ϸã˵ɽ裬ʱơ
סޡھ͸һλŮģһλˣȽΪһ״ʣϷ˵Ҫ
ֻ磬һ䣬Ҫһ£Ϊͷ˵һ󣬳һ⣬һֲ
״ʣȵƪʮ׬ˡ
ŵոս˴ʸĺóԺλӰͳſڡ
Щæż˾飬ζλ˼ҰһˣŵǶིʱ
λ뿪ãӰ߽СԺ
μ߽䣬ߣ˱ˮȻϵһֽ㡣
ֽ㿴˿¶ã֮ɫ
˫ȹ󣬳֪ʲô˼۲ȣлÿʶͲ֪ˡ
һƺ˵һŮӵϸɽ裬ʱơдʲô

˯ҡѡ
ӴվڴߵСʵʲô°
ĽĽ
еһֽݸ褣ʵ褸磬ҿʫʲô˼
褽ӹֽĿȥ˸Ƿ˵Ǵʣʫ˫ȹ󣬳ǵߵ䣬ȷ˳ǣ󣬳˫ȹ
Ľʵʲô˼
褵˼ǣһһλʱ˫ȹӣ۲ȣл˵λʣǲĨ֬ҲǴСһ
Ľһ㶣кȻӿһֲ̫ĸо
ȴѾ˾ֽϵ°ڴʣ˵ϸã˵˼Ǵֻ˵λĺܺãȴãɽ裬ʱƣһֻ̫ܿҪ֪ڿλϵŮһˡ
Ľҧ촽Ѿڹ˽ˡ
褲Ŀ״ʣʵ˭дĴʣǰôûдһλԧ𣬲ԧ쵱ۡ
Ȼϲԧ죬óϣԧ䲻״ʡ
ϸֳ֮ɫԧ죬϶Ҳҹݺûһģ״ʵģֻз˹ˡ
ϸֽ˵һʫһϼѵıʫд˴߶һλһ飬ȫʫԼرǺ䣬ã棬дáˣ˭дģ
Ľ̵ֽҲ֪ģ
ֽ߻ĳʱμЦЦ˵˽㣬ʹ褸ˣ˵۲ȣл˼ǣŮϵ֬ĨĲȣǴҰһɫ߰ģѿˡ
μʵǺأ
Ľ۾תһ룬һ˵ɽ裬ʱƵ˼ǣ˼ǡ˼ǣϣŮȥɽˣϲŻ·մˮۼƲһƯ˽㣬Ůݰ
˵Ľ˵ģƺе
μܾﲻԡ
Ľֽѹһ£μ˵˽㣬һ׽мˣٽ̽ҡ

ΪֲλŵǽһʱŽογ̡
ĺðˣҪȥˮû߽ԺӣͱһССӰקĴθſڡ
ûڣŵʵǵػ
Ľһż˵ʲôʱˣ԰ţˣ
Ƭ̺ĽĻŵһȻ
ʫӿˣ
Ϳ£ֲӸдʫ
һʫʮأԼ׬İʮӣ壬ǮĽ
ĽĽͣεȻŵĺܺãǣ㶼ûи˽дʫҪǼ˽㣬ҶģοСļ˽㡭
ŵϸ룬Ľ˵е
û̸ôע⵽ϸڡ
ҺĽ
Ƭ̺ŵ߽Ժӣص䡣
μԣһʫᡣ
ŵ˱ˮ֮󣬺Ȼ˵ӣþû㻭ˣҸ㻭ɡ
μЩ⣬ʫᣬá
һΣŵ辶轣ʱһ
ȻֻһӰͲȴʮֵϡ
棬ӡԺ
μ˵Уֳϲ֮ɫ
֮ǰκһϲ
ǻԵĿհ׶һЩܾЩͻأѾˡ
ŵ»ʣμΪѾˡ
ʱŵʣպī֭ڴ˻·Ŀհ״ϼ֡
ˡ
мˣ
һ˳ǣٹ˹
֪ٵá

Ȼμ˲ʫʣѾʶܶˡ
ʹ̫
֪ʲô˼
Ҳ֪˼
Ư
ֺܺÿ
Ҫǣʫ֣Ҳ֡
ɫЩ΢΢졣
˿̣֪˵Щʲôеȭͷ߬š
֮ŵմȾ˲ϣȥԡϴˡ
褻ڲڶαĽҡѣεĽôˣ
Ľһֽ˵褸磬ٿʫ
۾ӹֻֽֽжʫȴ˺һ
Ľ⿴˿棬ʵ褸磬ʫдô
һ˳ǣٹ˹֪ٵáһµӴ
ʫţϸȴУζ
Ľʵ褸磬֪ٵʲô˼
褻˵˵ǣԸǳңҲԸʫеļˣӶŮǿҵİ֮飬Ҳһױʫ
Ľ׷ʵʫ͸ղŵıȣĸдĸã
褺ԥ˵Ȼһףһ׼߹ϵĴ֮һܹǧţûܽ׵ķ糾֮ʣôܺһ״ȣ֣ʫǴ￴ģôǰû
ĽЦ˵㵱ȻûˣŵղŸ˽дģʫ֣Ǽ˽֣ŵɡ


132 ๫
ŵϴطʱ򣬿ĽſǵĴ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣ˯УҲһƣ
ŵŵ߹С˵Ҫ˯ķɣͲóĽˣ˯
μ˵ãұطɣᳳġ
ߵߣ˫ۣĽ建Ʈ𣬱ᱧڻ
Ľͻȥ֮μ˻ص䣬Ϸš
ǷСĵȻص¡
ŵڴʣ͵Ǹ˹ģ˰ʮӴġ
μûо⣬еһʫᣬָеһʫ˵ʲô˼ҿ̫
ŵߣ˵ﰡ漰ʣ㿴Ҳȸ㽲ʰɡ

ڶϣŵЩ
ϸӽʫʣ˯ҲƽʱһЩ
ǰ̲·ϣ·˳ȥʫ
Ƿʫʱһһ鷨鿨ûȻҪ֣Ҹԣһ졣
¥˽ӹŵݹһֽ
һעģֽϵݣּ
ƯС
Լ鷨֮ϣҲе裬ֽϵ֣ǲ˲ֹһ
Ѿڿϰܹﵽĳ̶ȣּˣ鷨֮ϣһžѵ츳
һ鷨Žעϡ
˫ȹ󣬳۲ȣл
ϸã˵ɽ裬ʱơ
һ״ʣûдƣҲûô֣Щ⣬覲褣ʵݣԳƵϾƷ
һʫ
ŵʵ𣿡
˵˵ͷ⣬Ҵ󳬳ڴ
ֻǡǵһμʱĺ˫ȹҲǵױ
תһ룬дʫдʵʱΪѺϣһЩĶǺ飬еʫ˶ô
ϸã˵˵Ĳ
Уҹݺ̫ƽԧ̫ݣһ˭
һֱΪû۹⣬ԭʲô֪
֮󣬷˹ϵĸŵһƱұʾˡ
ŵʾǮ׬ףʵҪ𣿡
˾ȵУ
ÿ쳭һ״ƪŵԥһ£ΪЩʫʣ׼Ϳƾٵġ
ŷĿһ¶
ŵĴЩоף¥صģһʮϣ͵ĴʣڴıΪ糾޴ʣǵǲ̨ģҲڿƾϿ
һٶ״ʣŵȻܶʮʮ׻Ǽǵõġ
Щ̫̫ף͸Ӳʺϣͷ˵ͦ䡣
̿һֽվһԣΪŵĥī
ŵһ˼⣬ֽд
ˡϸ˯𣬷ױӻ
మȣЦ촽ᣬƷţڷ糾
¥Ҳ糾֮ء
һסΡ漰͵ʣһֲģȻûһ׸ߣԹˡ
ޱȾȵĿŵ
ղŻһЩɣʫǴʡ
ۿּһ˿ɣɢ
ȡ֮һ˿
ԳƲŮһСдľȻûӺá
Ȼſʵݣ״ʵķ糾Щȴһ׸ʺϡ
ڼĹǣǲκ˵ģȱľʺϵʫʰһ׺õʫʣȻֱӰ컨ĽҲΪɫ١
Ŀⲻɵŵ
ϴһ֮һθ޴ľϲ⡣
Ƭ̺ŵﴧһǧƱ뿪
Ȼʶģڿ״ֺ֮Լ˰ףÿһǰ֧ȫ
վڶ¥ĴڣԶȥת߻ǰ
ϸã˵һ䣬ԽԽϲ
һӰ߽ԧЩĶ˵˽㣬һ벻ӾȻóдʫ
ô֪ģ
Щ죬ԧȿ״
ԧղιӸҵģΪдһʫҲˣǧŵľء
΢΢һ㶣ӣ
Ƭ̺ԧдֽϵһʫȻãôϲղǾˡ
ʫûдһò
ȴʤһ硰촽֮д
ʲôһ˳ǣٹ˹
ͺ׺Ϳţ
ô
ʫ֣һ˫أ±˲֪ʫдӵġ
ˡ
һʫһʣȻá
һԱȣֱһϣһ¡
˿״ʣֻ˵һ䣬ŶһλĺܺõĲ֪糾Ůӡ
׶ʫбḡֳһλ˵󣬶λ˻ֵġ
˵󣬺ĻΪμʲôľˣⲻؼ󵼱
˵۾ֱĶʫ
ᡣ
һ̣һĽμ
ΪŮӣŮӣ˭Լòǧţ
òģգʵΪκη棬μˣĺͲѹȴһ๫
ǧֻǵμˣ֪Ů
˿̣ͷͬģһˡ
θ
רСԺ֮ڡ
Ŀʦ㣬ʵʫ𣿡
ʫдĺܺðʲôʫʰģ֪ʫڿ˽ƯԺ˸дʫͺˣ˶֪Ư
Ůҧʲôãƨһ
СֹҾúܺð
Ůһ˵øƨμ˵òģϡ
˵һ룬һת˵䵹Ҳϣʫһãд̫ˣ˸š
褸˵һдʵַÿж˵Ķǲͬģʫûʵд񣬷ϳ˵ַµһӽʫһǧԺҲ֪˽Ǹˣһŵ˽㻭ǷǷҲƯ
ŮӺȻʵҽ׽˼飿
ʦ飬顣
Ůӳ˵飬㱾еúŬôĽҲһӶȥɣ

̲ãŵصθʱ򣬷ָġ
ѾɫҴңϵĴѾߣһһǻ
ŵ߽СԺӺĽվԺӵıģԲãĽȥ
ŵǰʵʲôˣ
Ľæܹ˵ŵ磬ˣ͸˽ʫͻ͵ˣ
ŵ΢΢һ㣬ֲǹ֮˭͵Ļ
ҲǶôص飬ߵμߣ˵ûϵӱˣٸ㻭һһģһģǷЩϸҲ̫⡭
š
μüͷչ΢΢˵ͷлл๫
ŵ򷿼ȥߵſڣȻʶʲôŲһ٣תʵлʲô


133 
̫߳ˣӾȻ๫
ȻֻһȴĵĵһΡ
˵һΣеڶΣΡһٴΡ
ŵһֱţܹģһҲڻʱ
һûʧЧŵΪһһģһĻʫ档
ۿɼĿ
ӵıȵϺī֮󣬾ͽ˹
ŵ뿪Ƭ̣òŻ
ǰ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ղųȥŲһμҵˡ
Ƿθ͵ġ
ԵҲϤŵʮȷţûһеӣҲǱθ͵
ֵǣθô͵ֻ͵һֵǮĻ
ɣ
ⲻӵһζˡ
ϴϷʱǶ⣬ҲĪʧˣڶûץС͵
μˣʵлɵ𣿡
μҡҡͷ˵ûС
첻ǴĽȥһᣬʱǷͶˡ
֮ǰϵġ
ûκ飬Ҳûá
ŵ˰֣˵ˣ˾Ͷ˰ɣʲôʱ뻭ٰ㻭
μ˵˵ͷȻ첻𣿡
ŵһ£Ȼû¾ͿƾˣȻҪҪ죬ٽ̽
μҲԥá

ڶһ硣
ŵԼˣȥѧϰһͱϷ˽ȥˣҪϷȥʥĸ룬飬ֻøĵ졣
û£㽫Ƿ˵״ʸ
֮ǰȥһ̲
鷨õÿʹöҪȻûʲôͷ˵ĹϵûǸϡ
̲ĳ÷
ŵдǼ״ʵŮ˵С˰
Ȼ̧ͷʵүôˣ
ŵʵֻдС𣿡
Ȼһֽϣòͬıд˼֣˵ıҲһ㣬̫ó
ŵСֱֻ壬ŮרãûԸд
ʱ򣬷˿д֣Щ֡
ŵùֽ˿
⼸ֶܺÿ
ͨ鷨Ĵңһ㶼ֱ壬ֻδȫ⡣
ĿǰСȻ⼸ֱϣȻûôߡ
ҲŵĪġ
ŵ˵ҪҪҲһı壬ڳڻͨ鷨һиķչһ죬ϻ֡塱Ҳ˵
ȻҡͷңҲеġ
ջģһλÿһλʷԱĴ鷨ңʵȸʥˡ
鷨ңѾûгˡ
ζΡ
ŵĹ˻Ҫģ㲻÷Լ츳ôã˵Ա죬ɣ´ʱ򣬸һЩû˶ĦоԺ˵鷨һɾ͡
ŮĬĬ˲۽ǡ
ǰôүүôӳԣмĻᣬĺǰԼ
ʱŵһֽ̲߳
ʱãһ⣬Ѹơ
СһЩ
ڻأŵ鷨һ
ȵҲͲٴ֮ͥдСˡ
ŵ󣬽һֽڷǰϣ˵Ѿдˡ
˿ԽԽȡ
ЩʣȻȲ֮ǰһףЩνĲдģ֪õȥˡ
ÿһ״ʣΪ¥Ůдġ
дʵˣдŮ֮ĸ顣
Щʶܳģ˵㣬ȴǳʺ¥ַ
ڼЩʷųȥǧһףҲԸǮ
ɣϱǲרŸ¥Ůдַ糾޴ʵġ
дŵġ
ֻǲԸдŵġ
дӾľˣдʱ򣬾ܸؼֽǷ糾ζ
ȻϺܿ϶Ʋǵġ
˵ķӦŵĲһһ㶣ʵô𣿡
ɶǸҪƵģĴʣѵ⣿
ҡҡͷ˵⣬лˡ
ŵǾͺãûʲôҪ޸ĵĵطҾȻȥˣʱңҲθ̲
һ£ֵ˫ȹ󣬳һЩ̫ѺϣɲԸһģ״ʣƺûдơ
״ʵĴСޡԴģŵˣû
룬˵ȷǲѺϣԻĳĳ磬͵ĳϼģڴȡһУҾáͦġ
˻˻֣˵ûˣ߰ɡ
ˡжģжܡ
ˣܾͷܰɣϾҲʲôˣܲܺӱȣ˭ܱȵùμأ
ŵ߳ʱȻٴδ˵ڹУ˱еķ糾Ůһ𣿡
ŵعͷǰôô룿
νЦЦ˵ÿһ״ʣǷ糾֮֮ûʲôǱǷ糾֮ˡ
Ĵʣ˼׾Ʒ֮⣬Ҳ˳Ϊǳסá֮ݡ
ŵȫǰҪƵġ
Ҫʫķ񱣳һ£ôˡ
˿ϵۣ˼һĵһͻޱȣŵڴպĺ
Ѿߵ⣬˻˵Щ̫ףҪŵİŵҲУ
΢΢һ㶣ʲô
ŵüǮ
գգ۾Ӷ٣
ŵӸʮһģ룬Ѿ׬һǧպиĻᣬǵˣ֮ǰѾʮףٶһװɣд
ŵվǰһдһ˳
ŵɤӣڣ
һ⣬֮
һղ⣬˼֮
ɰ⣬ĺˡ
μ⣬ڶǽ
ٴ⣬дԳ
ռ⣬ο塣
Ը⣬Яཫ
ڷ⣬ʹ
дһ䣬ֽеɬѾһɨա
ⲻʫҲǴʣǸ
֮
ûκη糾֮еֻǿҳȵĸ顣
һƪȫѷɫһסˡ
ȲĿŵʵƪʲô֣
ŵӺ˿ˮ˵ˡ
ƾٲƪ͸ҲʣǬˡ
ϾһʫǶ˵߱ˣƪдİ
Щ糾޴ʣˡļֵ֪˶٣˵ûб˼ӵĶָöˡ
ϲҲдԴʫˡ
ֽЦŶŵ˵лӣƪҸô
ŵ˰֣˵ã˵ľģһ£Ȼȥˡ
˲˼˵ԵȣҲ֪ôлӣūҸƿɡ


134 ǣ
˲廨û˵
һƿĻһ鶼ܲ
廨գ鷨滭һֻͨҪ¹Ų⣬Ҫû츳ǲеġ
Ȼûⷽ츳
ܶ෽츳ûС
׻˵ĺãΪرһţͻΪһȴ
ӶԣΪһţ˳˺üȴ
ӺĽϷ˳ŰˣӦҪϲŻ
ʱŵܼҳţԼ׬ӣ˼
иĽһӣһһֻ
һ֧ΣȻȱΣЩƽʱֻÿ춼õ
һ̨ϴȥʱ̨Ѿƾˡ
⣬ܼҲһµ̹ƽʱԼȵˣϲڡ
ʱĽӻˡ
ŵǶӸĽ˵ֻӣһֻ㣬һֻ
ȻûָҲĽ˽ء
ŵǳ˽˫̥˼
ǵռǿһģһĶö
µֻһûУ˽ûУһᳳġ
򲻹Ľųſܻ
ֻ黨ݸμˣ˵Ǹġ
μĬĬĽӹ֧黨лл
ϵһƿµĲ廨ŵ˳˵Щʵģʮ״һǧӣ˹ֻ󷽣ԺְһƪΪ˴лһƿ廨
Ϊ˱Ժᣬѡǰ
Զ޵С
Ѿ˵Ĵʺ͸дһ飬˳ֵݸӣ˵˹İҲ֣ϲдʫʿ佱ˣ⼸ƪʸҪҪ
μ˽ӹ֮˼Եķ˷
ʵЩʺòãЩʶֻǾдĶɡ
ڴʵݣǿĳǿŮƯġ
һҲĽ߼ʡ
Щ֮ʣд糾Ůӵġô˵ġ
Ĵʣ͸ҲҪ
ЩҲ͸˵ģӣƯ黨
һƪΪˡĸʲô
һƪŲôӹףΪʲôÿһ֮һ⡱Ϊ˴ģʫ
˲ˣЩˡ
СӺϣ˵ЪϢɡ
ŵԤϣӵĻʸòá
Ҳûʲô
һǵһǡ
ֻ֪Щʸֻмɣûи飬Ϊ׬ǮԺᡣ
ǰܷա
Լ˵ڶԹ緹һš
ʱŵ࿴һۡ
ͷϣ֧µ黨
ܼҼܿԺ
ϴһ֮ǰ
ʱ򣬽ࡣ
ǾƾԽԽԵʣϰƵѧҲܵǰ棬˳ӡ
ӶĳҪϰһҪһʱϡ
ŵϰݳģԱ߲ݳϵһЩ
һ²Щ˲
˼Ȧٶȵʱ㿪ʼҵĻζ
ʱһӰ
һĻϵˡ
˾Ǻηʥ˲ȴʵ˵õ飬ֱɷˡ
ȺУϳŮӣȵǲμǸĸϻ𣬺ü겻ôƯˣ
һ˵˵μ˼ǰĻòֻŮʮ˱䣬ԽԽƯˡ
ƯƯǲ󡣡
ǸˣӦþɷ˰ɡ
ϻôܺͱһƥ
벻Ȼ˸Ȣû򰡣

μ˻ͷһۣɢ
ԶԶĶ㵽һߣλĽӵܣյμˣнЩп
λϣĽľˣһǵͯӰ
ʮμˣѾܽ޵֡
ʮָ𣬱
û뵽λĸϻҲôһ档
׿ĶԹԹ۹Ȼһλ۲۵ĴˣҪʵôǿɷһаȫС
ӾŵȻаȫС
һģǽ̫ˣͬһƥһ˵Χۡ
ƤܲӦĳϡ
ؼ
θ·ϣ·̣ŵ˳һЩϺõֽһЩϣԼһ١
ϴЩϣѾˡ
һֱõ褵٣Ȼ褿ƾûʲôϣֵҪһģռĶ
Ϸ˶Եӵ
θԶ·ȥ
ŵɢӻǵһΡ
Ȼ֣Ȼ⻰Щ֣˵Ĺϵȷʵûзչһ
˲Уֱǲһ
ȥĺ鷳
ĳһֻ̣ٴʱŵƣס֡
޹ǣȻȴûκεļӣ⻬ϸ壬ֻһ˿
μֱ۵İڶһ˲ĽӲһ̾ͻָŵǣ֡
˶û˵ʲôһжȻȻķ
ʦȻߡ
Ļһֱָŵ
ѭ򽥽վ飬ǣֵĿѾɣһʲôˡ
ʱӰߴҴ߹
˵ֳˡ
ǽˡ˵
һ㣬ƪдĲŽкãйϣΪŽ鸳֮ףҲ֪˭дģʱ
⻹˵϶Ƿ˹׷߰
˹ﲻǴ֮ӵŮ˭дĸףˣ
أ˵λҲʫš

ŵ뿪ıӰ
һЩˣǳԱ˳ŵá
ⶼ֮ǰҥˣڻڴ
ŵֻȴûɿ˦֡
ȼ֮
ˡѾӿˣͷϵ黨ƪġ
ȻСͨ
Ϊ飬ϴѾˡ
һûĵ
ңﾳͷǲ׵ģ۾ĵ
͡
μ˾û󼸾仰תͷŵʵˡһƪôֱˣ
ŵ͵ʫʺ͸ɣԱӣҲԳ
μ¶Ȥı飬˵Ҳȥɡ


135 
˵ҪȥǱȥ¡
ûʲôġ
ﲢԶǣɢŲƬ̾͵
󣬿Աǰˡ
ŵĿ⻷ˣƺˡ
ҪЩʫʣǸԼġ
ѡʮ״ʣǽϣÿһ״ʣһλĻ
׼ȷ˵ÿһλĹһ״ʡ
ƪˡ۵λá
ȻûĻ񣬵˭֪дˡ
ˣվЩʹ֮£һ߿һͷ㡣
ƪˡ£ۼĿࡣ
һ⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮񡭡
ƪйŷ磬ǸʱҲ鸳Ŀ֮
ҵҪλ˹Ƕˣһ첻˼ķ񣬱Щ֮ʣϴʫĵǣ˵ٻ¥ĳλô˹ɫ˶ôӻʮӣΪһ棬Ҳ
λˡдˣҪʮӣһҪһ
ҴһӰɣҽ컹뿪ۡ
٣Ǯ׻ģ˹ҼľһòΣһһĺã˵˼ֻϧ
ϧʲô
ûƪˡ֮ǰܾ˹żҲ̨࣬ԴӳƪˡͲ¶ˣûӡ
ŵԭء
֮ǰһһ״ʣ˼ġ
û뵽һ׬ˡ
ԡ
ˡǴģⴿޱ⡣
һʮһһ
һ֮ڣܰѻԼϵǮȫ׬
̲סԹǸһúõģдʲôˡҪûǼ˹һ棬Ҳڱôѡ
һ˵Ӧĳ׷˹ĲӰɣƪûддġ
˵СϢĶ뿪˹ķ֮ƪ˳ʵд˹Ķ֮
˲
ϻҲ˭˵ǽʮ״ʣҲĹдġ
˹Ȼ˹󰮣ӼϢˡ
ۿԽ˵Խףһλ̨ԲӣΪ˸һƪ֮δЩ̫ǳˡ
һλòӢ߳˵еġˡдˣʵָ־롭
Ļû˵꣬һӾͻ˻֣˵ȥȥȥ㶮ʲôʫʫʵĴ˶ĳ
ʱһλѧӴվ˵Ҳ֪ǸʫʵĴˣд˸Ĵ֮ˣôȰǳ
ŵοﻹеġ
ѧӼ˵˸дˣʵ⣬¾ãڰʵָľ֮õˣʮ겻ʵԳͣϣ¿˸ܹѣĪҪ׷翵ĳ֮һλľ
ѧߵŵߣʵ̨֪Ƿһļ⣿
ŵ֣ûУϹ˵
ǳţ»ЩԺѧӣһһͷ
ԴĵɷһڮӵŶġ
Ѿ˺˼һﱣһ롣
ѧӿƪɸп׷֮£ʵ㷢֮飬벻鳼ĶӣȻҲ˸е黳ƪˡǧš
ƪдĺܺ𣿡
һѧӻعͷվλԵŮӣ͵ֹǺãǲ⣬Ҳһƪϼѵʫ˹˱ǣ˸ں̣мߵѧֵеʫȲϡ
еʫȲϡ
ԭƪôá
μת߳ŵ׷ʵӣ𣿡
μ˵ˡ
ֱθȥ
ŵǣ֣ߵ̫죬׷ϡ
ŵͷһۡ
úԺ飬Ϲʲô
ϹϹ䣬ҷ
˾綼ûˡ
УԼҲǵģ
ҪţԻһױģŵʫʶǡ
ֻǾһŮӣķ糾֮أܳȾܲףԼ
ˣЩˣǻȥҪ
ŵոߵϣȻֻعͷ
һӴٲָ߽ŸղԺѧӣղ£
һò쿴ѧӣʵ˵Ŀģ
ⲻ֪λԺѧӣҲη壬ͦţ˵˵ôѵ˵д𣬵£ʮ겻ȥ׷ʲô֮Ͳ˵ˣ
˵ʱںȻӿһεϢ
Ϣ˲
ŵȴеһϸֳ֮ɫ
Ȼ
ǵһμҵӡ
ѹĵôʵ۶
ֻˣгȻ
õĲ죬ҪԱ³ԲѷļһߣһӰǰ˵ԺѧҲץȥԺ˲ðǵƤ
˿ŵһ̹ӣ
ŵ˰֣˵ûǵˣøʲôʲôȥɡ
ӵǲҲԣС뿪ˡ
ѧӾȵĿŵǶ˹֣Ȼл̨̨֪մ
ŵֵ˼ҼŻˣԵټ

ŵصθʱûôӡ
˭뵽ӺȻȥһֶΪǵļһ
е飬ʵˣҪȻء
ŵ߽СԺôڣȻɫŵĴӷܳ
ŵδ¶ı飬æ߹ȥʵôˣ
μ˿૵ҵĻҵĻˡ
Ƭ̺ŵ첽߽䡣
˵ǻˣʵϽ
ϴα͵һΣŵָ»һûб͵
һȫ͵ˡ
ֵǣΪʲôϴβ͵ҪΡ
ѵϴ͵Ƿȥ֮òһΣ
ЩʲôҲûжʧ
εĵȻϴεͬһˡ
ûбƻĺۼȴˣϣһ˿
͵һλ߾ߣǵľ
Ӳڵ£һλľߣҪǱμңʲô¡
ּǿߣܵ˼͵ֻ͵ֵǮĻͺ˷ѽ⡭
ŵ뵽ϴζʧ⣬ϴεҲλĻһоܽ͵ͨˣľȡģμҵѾߵȻֲˡ
Ƕⱻ͵Щμǰ
ӺϲЩ˾ר͵Ļ
ʧԼǿ
Ȼг
С̫࣬û취ˡ
μ۰Ͱ͵Ŀŵ
ٻİɣ
ŵӣȻʶʲô
񡪡˰
ֵǮμֻܻ
С͵Ļʱ
һΣŵûڡ
ˣԵۡ

μ˼ûбʾ๫
Ѿʼ๫ˡ
ŵû˵ʲôֻǰοû£ѣûжͺãԺпٸ㻭
μ˳ĬƬ̣˵๫סˡ
ŵҲţھ͸»ɡ


136 ָ¹Ϊ
ŵϣСӡ
ΪûĻͷԼ򵥵ɵ
ĳЩϣһ㶼ɵ
˹Σֻʵʵ
Щ͵ˣҲһ¡
ڶλʱŵܸĵһЩ֮ǰĲõĵطһЩϸڡ
ǰĻʫ
һÿһʫȥ
ɫڽţɻա
һǧꡣ
ˮܽأȻȥΡ
Ȼͨһˣ˼ɫ糾
裬

ŵûдȫʫдҲ
дһöġ
ļ죬ûᡶˡ顣
ÿγţᰲѾСԺţǰεٷ
ϽʧԣθҲӴ˻
ʵĴ壬λڻʳǸ̫Ļ
θԭĻȫܹӦľߣȴסԷԡ
һģҲڡ
һʱ䣬θûٷʧ֮¡
żȥ̲ӳȥɢɢ֮⣬ŵ󲿷ʱ䶼ڼת۾͵µס
£ŵĺƽ
ĸ¥ؼַؼ鿣ڶ̶̵İڣȴ˲СĲӭһϴơ
ÿĻĶ³ӭϴơ
ΪȶȲϣķ˹δѡ£Ȼλѡ˶ʮ󻨿֮С
³ÿֻѡʮλ
ЩǲɫѵŮӣڶʮ£ұˡ
ѡ֮вΪʫơ
ͨѡ֮󣬻Ҫвյıԡ
ҪƯҪã黭ҪԣҪͨһ
Щƿ̣ܳΪ¥ؼַ̨ģǴСѧϰŮӲգЩģνһץһѡ
£ܲѡʮ󻨿࿿ƺ
֮ΪĹʮ״ʣÿһ׶Ƿ´ʵľƷЩνĲӣȫȥ
һƪˡ
ƪȻдĺܺã˹ﱾˣҲȷһƪ
ŮӵʫʣЩ糾޴ʣǫ̀档
ƪˡ˵ȦҲкܸߵۡ
䵱һʫøԼζԸ˺ܸߵܡ
Ҫ˸ҲԿӽ֮ƿˣʵʶ֮ʿĹ
ͬˣƪпĶͬ
ƪˡľ֮
Ȼ֮ûгϣ˭֪ƪǴ֮ŵд˵ġ
Ȯӣһ˶״ԪĶӣȻҲ˵Ĳʤ
Ȼеӷ£𾪡
ֲֿҲһС
Щ꣬˾ûΪɣһЩ͢ԱȥȲ衣
һȣҲûг
ڵĳ͢Աʮֽҹʲôʫ¡
ֵԼĶӣ֪λֻδ
ʮ֮ĩҲһ졣
֮ϣִĲɿ
һߡӣ˵ɰ⣬ĺˡμ⣬ڶǽ˵ˣʵӰ£ǺôĵӰϲ飬ϲ飡
һʷվȻ˵Ӱ䣬»ҪӰΪһ֮ʮ겻ϳ׷ǿЦĳ˲˵
ҷ£
ôɱ˱٣ñ¾ѣڣ

Ȼ󣬵ƪˡ֪ͬġ
϶һͨʾʫ
ص̲ɓģд־
УдΪ飬дΪ־
˴֮ˣдеʫʣƫƫдһƪŸ϶ǵһŮʾ
ӹɵġ
ձΪƪڰ¡
һ⣬֮
һղ⣬˼֮
ڷ̱ʮ겻ϳϳٹ˶
ɰ⣬ĺˡ
μ⣬ڶǽ
˵ҪһλȴѰ
ѾǷ̱°Ǵ治Ҫ췴
úЩʷƤǰһ˵£˽ʫ鳯̱£췴֮ģ齫Ůץ׷ʳ֮ˣϳͲ
ʷ뿪ڣһ˵Щ꣬вµľϲ֮˾ɴãʷѵҪԴ
λʷǺ˵
ʷ̨Ȼ۳¶ܳ𣬵ûʲôʵȨ
֮ǰɴЩʱҲȰûá
ΪһʫʣͽԱְҡ
Щʫûʲô⣬Ҳᱻ˾ǿпñӡ
ֻ̫ˡ
ͬ飬ֵӵϣֻ֪Σ
ҪץĶӣҲץ˾ֻҪϣ϶һĶ̿
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬˵ݴƪߣ˵Ķӣº˾Ӧӣּ˰
ʵˣأ
֮߳У˵£Ȼд£Ӧ顣
һȻİ
Ȼô˵ѵΪ˲°ѱף
ôΪġ
飬ǣ踸ʣҲ
ĴУֻһŲ
ߵǰнӹǷߡӣһ⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮񡭡ⲻһƪͨʾʫ𣬱һӶŮǿҵİĽ֮飬ôûп˸аµ˼

ѻȸ
ٹٵȴڰ
״Ԫƪûиں֪ܲ
ûֻдĸ
ǰʡһλˣΪдͻʫͱ˷µñӡ
ֵԼӣôԵȻ˵ֻһʫ
治
Ҳסˣû뵽ôҪƪںǹϵģʷǶϣܽҹ
˵ˣ˶֪ƪӰ£ҲΪ̻ӣ͵ߵڰװ
ˣĿɨȺ˵پãһƪͨʾʫλвͬվ뱾ۡ

վԭء
λвͬվ뱾ۡ
仰ֻǱ
λвͬվ·
˼
Ȩȴ£뼸Ȩԣһʱվ˳ͦ˵Ϊƪǽʾ֮¡
ǣҡͷ˵վĴǣͨƾѡγĽʿʫ飬ãǱǸʫ𣿡
һͣҡ
ļ˵ʫ֮ϣҪҪʲôͺܲ⣬ЦȨջѡʫ͵ĸϣ࿴ɡ
ͼλȨǺ죬ҲֻȨҪʲô飬õõ֧֡
ڣǶвǲվǲԸվ
ĿٴɨӴ˵ʱˣȻ¿࣬Ǿɢɡ
ֱ߳ڵգһɳ
Ϸˮ
ݵİ֮ǰʡ٣Ϸ˹֣˳
Ⱥ֮Уϡ
Դϴε֮ԽԽ޼ɵ˰
ҪܴӱһƣҲô
ƪˡдĿԣ۴һǼеļѾ⹹ں
𣬱ٻûȻ֮úÿ


137 ӻ
ͷ
ŵһǣӣһǣĽθǰĽɢ
ǰ˳ŵʱĽм䣬һǣһֻ֡
ڣм䡣
ܶ仯ڲ֪Ȼ
һ£ŵûȥ
Ϊһƪˡͷ˵ҥԣٴαǷꡣ
ҥӺϢҲϡ
ȥΪ˱ӡ
ȻҲֹǱӡ
ع飬һʼֻΪǷ˵ѡ
ŵҪܵ£ڶ죬ƪͽ˳
֮ЩѾҪƽϢҥԣ
һվڷ˼⣬Ϊ˵ķˣȻΪ۵ģҪһ˷ա
Ǽһ棬Ҫʮӣ㵯һǼֵ
ŵٳٶۣҲ뵽УһƲ
˺ҹݺܴæҪһǣҪӶС
ְеơ
ǵѡ
ȴӡ
ŵƽϣǰ֣Ӵ˹
˵У׵ģЩ˶ƪĽ
ʲôΪ󰮣ʵ򰵷£ֱ׵ҡ
ŵԼû˵ʲôǾ϶˵
һö
Ҳиš
Ҫǻˣͱץ˾Ȳˡ
˾Ǽҿġ
еڽϣÿ߹һȺͻᴫһ˽
˵Ҫ𣿡
ƨķޣǣֳ䣿
ô˵ЩǼٵˡ
ֹǼٰ˼ҷ޵ĸأǱ˼û𣿡
ʲô˼
ǰճһʫһ֪ˡ
ǣ
Ǽ鷻ĻƣԶ㱨ҵ֣ȥ鷻飬ԸԱۡ

˼ǰǰ³һʫӡգ㱻һգ̶̰ʱ䣬ͳ׷ҳ
ĵˣϲһЩʫļ
ԼƷ˴̣ÿһ˹ͬ롣
ЩĲӣԼʫǵĽڶ࣬ʫÿθ£ᱻĽߴ
еĹԱǰҲϲԼļ
Ϊǣһ
ĳЩԱǩļһᣬǧӣܻ¸ҪֶΡ
ֶκϷǳ͢Ҳûɽֹ
ֱ⼸ֲֿ꣬һ仰пܱ⹹ЩԱ±ץסѱҲдʲôˡ
ⲿ˼Ϊ֮
ʫһƪһ׶ʫ
һ˳ǣٹ˹̶䣬㽫д˼£дߣֻ̾
ʫΪˡӦʫ֣ҲӦӷ
ʫһǷ޲ϵҥԣơ
ǶˣҶ֮ˣ
дˣһƪˡҲ֮
ΪˣҶҪϿʫļֵ۲ֵᳫҵ˼㣡
ҵǣԴ˸εĽ͡
дˡˣʫУôֻΪ˿ӣ
Ϊһˣ
ˣˣǱ³롣
˵ΪˣԷ¡
ǡǡ෴˿ŵַȰ£ҪԹΪأΪ翵ĳ£ڲˡ
ʫѧֵؼμֵƪˡ֮ϡ
һסˡʫ⣬ⲿʫʫҲǼΪѵõľƷ
ɫڽţɻաٴʢӵ롰һ˳ǣٹ˹ͬ
һǧꡱһνǶʫУమ֮쳤ؾãͷϵԸ˾ãĸĪڴˡ
ɽ⣬ˮΪߣѩغϣ˸һǷ֪쳤ؾøõģĵϣٵ
Ǿóʱڳĺĺ֪˶ŮӵĹ

˼¼˶ʮʫʣÿһ׶ЩڼΪ֮ˣһӶдļ
μȣķ˹ֱЦ
ҲЩҥԣһҹ֮䣬ʧ
Щʫʣһǿҵĸ顣
ʫС˼
ʫСˡ
ʫУҲǡˡ
鷻м鷻
е⣬õŲ
ֱӣ򵥴ֱķʽסдҥ֮˵졣
˼һ£Щǣûһʫ
ŮǣǰĽӵŮӣĽμĽķ衣
һλ๫ķʽȫǵİ⣬ʲôǶԸ⣬Ҳ޺ˡ
ҥ֮ˡ
ȥĺ룡
һԷҪǺˣ¾ûаˣ
¼䣬вθǰΪľۼһλʫеľˡ
ǶôŮӣʫʣ
ҲвŮӣðŷ̤ţҪһʲôˣдʫʣ
һ·֮ϣŵμ߹ĵط۲ϡ
Ȼѵһ˰
˵ЩţҲûаһˡ
䰡ǸСǵŮ𣿡
ôܣǲŸճɻûãŮ

ĳڡ
ĻŮӣһ˼˽нԶӰȭͷɵսָʫķӡǡ
ú˿Ǳʫ߽һСԺ
ԺţժͷϵĻ룬¶һ
ֱ߽ĳ䡣
һǽϣ˻
ϵŮӣòֽԶʳ
滭֮˵ļҲʮ־տԶԶȥŮӣҪӻ߳һ㡣
ŮӿЩиֳһ˿룬ǲɵĹһ˿ȡ
һ̣ɫһ䣬˭
δ䣬Ȼͷ䣬еĽȻս
һӰ˳
һͷףƣһɫӣλãСɽ״ӡǡ
΢ЦŮӣʵһʱѵܶһӣ
ʱŮӲδν
Ľǰѽڵϣŭ˵Ҳ㣬ѵȥ˰Ǹֱɵ򣬵ٲᣬᣬдʫҲᣬҲ򲻹ңһǴƾʲô޸
Խ˵ԽԽ˵ԽίĿĨĨᣬ޵أƾʲôЩҵģҵļҾˣ๫Ҫҵġ


138 ع
㹻˶֮ŵźӻصμҡ
ȻЩϲҥԣǾʵסǵ졣
ƾʲôί
ϲʫʣʫʡ
һײһ
ӵĻЩʫʺ
ŵ˼鷻⽫ʫļ۸񶨵ĺܵͣÿö˿
ˡ˾֪˼Ҳ
һҲû˴ͷ˵ҥˡ
ӵĹϵҲԸһ
ֱ߻СԺʮָ۵ֲɿ
Ľʱ֮ı仯
Դ˺ο
ԽԽз޵ˡ
ǻ
з˯ӵģ
ֻ˯һӡ
Ժﵴǧ۾ת֪Щʲô
ŵԺ￴飬֪ѾʮһѮˣ˵Ѿȫ׼·棬Ŀǰ㣬кܴռ䡣
һλθѾߴ߽ﱧһѶߵԺһȫŵǰϣ˵үЩŮͶˡ
Щ󲿷ֶżһЩ˿֮ࡣ
˼һӻˣŵҲȦˡ
Լһ̽ʫʵżÿѩһ
ЩżЩ¥ַĻЩڳĴҹ㡣
ǳġ
ϲŮŮϲӡ
콾Ҳϲʫʸ踳һ
ЩԼ̽ʫҲãֱ̽Ҳգŵһͬʵ֮ˡ
һԭûȤ
ȫҲһҪء
Ůˣš
νԼһӣĿģȡС
Ȼ˼̫ƽӣûǰεա
ֻߣ㹻İȫС
һܸȫеļӣڲڳŵ̲ȥˡ
ŵƫͷһӡ
ЩŮӵǽţһ
Ĳ
ÿϣŵһţЩŮдʲô
ŵǲѾˡ
ЩҥԴôףֱ󣬲ҲȵĹˡ
ЩȣЩﺬԼȷ㲻ʲô
ɫ𽥰ʱŵתط俴顣
ĽҲ֪ôˣƽʱͻط˯ˡ
ֱǵķˣ
ڴϣһֻˮһַֻһᡣ
ѽ
ĳһ̣ŵĶߣȻľ
ŵתͷȥһյĿŴϵıӣеˮڴϣʪһƬ
Ľͷŵ˵ҲСİѱӴʪˡ
ŵûϵʪ˾ʪ˰ɡ
μĴ˼ңѵȱӲɡ
Ľʪıӱ档
μǴ᷿һµıӹ
ڵ᷿и׼ıӣʱùá
Ľ˿ŵֿ˿μˣε̾˿˵һط˯ˡ
صʱû˯
ĽڴߣС¶˼֮ɫ
һޣҪİ
֪᲻ͬ⡣
ȻûףҪһԡ
Ľ洲ϵһԼ˵
ڰŪһż̧ͷƳһۣʵ

ڶϣŵ棬Ľʪıӻûиɡ
ѾǶѮȻû¹ѩѾˡ
ĽȵˮǬˣҲֱӸǣΪ˱ıоùŵӽθѾߣǬǳײϴһ顣
죬ŵȥһ̲
˾ת糣һÿץĵѾȶһǳ͵֡
ԶŲͶϵץġ
ȻҵˣŵҲûš
ÿ죬õ˴ǣȥͷΪտշ֪ʶ
УԣƽСһЩܹµĵԡ
һ£˼ͨ
ûʲôѶȣڣŵ̲ĹԱ죬ЩӣûвֵĻᡣ
һ²еˡ
ҪڵʱиĻԸɡ
ŵ̲ãȻûеȵʲôᣬҲûջ
Сһµִ֣
ȻԶԶ޷ȣģˡ
ʱŵ뿪̲صθ
ͬʱһгӣʻ볤š
ſڵǰ׷׹
ϣٴλصоЩڴ
ȻҲ֪ڴʲô
ʻƬ̣ͣ£öû
ƿʵôˣ
ݳŮٵص£ǰ˾һ𣬵·סˡ
ǰȻԶۼˡ
˵Ҳ쵽ˣ߹ȥɡ
·Ⱥۼ֮ʱŷ֣һ̡
ǾƺΪʲôڵĽֵϣִݡ
ģ
ȣң
𼷣𼷣μӡ࣬˶У
źöӣҪӰ·ͨУ

ŶӵģһЩŮӣװǴ˼ҵѾߡ
Ϊ֬ˮ۵Ů֮ǻϲصһϸֳ֮ɫ
ʲô飬Ȼ
ʹ£Ҳڶ֮Уһᡣ
Ȿļ۸񲻹ʮǮ򵽣鼮۸νġ
ã̸׬Ǯ
֪ͼʲô
˼
ַֺ֣һҳ
мˣһ˳ǣٹ˹
ǣͦƨҶҪŮӣƯʲôӣҲ̫ˡ
ʫ·һС֡
ʥʮʮ£޼ˡ
ԭһʫ޼ˣȻŮӽֵģ֪м˵ģֻһ
Ȼʶʲôٴηط档
Ȿ·ױԵС֡
ŵ
ô˵ֶһ
㶣·Ȿ顣
ɫڽţɻաǣҿ䰡
һǧꡭǺǣȻһ˵ɡ
Ȼͨһˣ˼ɫ糾ǺǺǣμ˼ɫǶǳд
ɽ⣬ˮΪߣѩغϣ˸ǺǺǺǣҲֶ֪ǣ
ԼС򵽡˼ѾǣһЦ⡣
ȺУΨһŮӣϵЦԽԽ䡣
ޱĿⱾʫᣬʱӶַУһĸ
һ⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮񡣷ɰ⣬ĺˡ
һŮĽ˵ΪдʫⱲӱûʲôźˡ
һŮƳһۣĴˣλ˹Ĳòƪˡ
£һλİ˵Ůӿʵλ㣬Ǵظģ׸ܺʣղ˵ġ
˵ˡ͸˹һƪڳ˾֪ģûҲ
İ˵Ů˿૵
ڵһ£˺ܶྫʵ顭


139 ͬģϽ
ҹ
θ
ŵμߣһڿƾٵĲ£һڿʦĽ
֪˶ãŵ飬Щ˵ôûпĽ
˯ʱĽʱ䶼һ
ŵʱã̫ճԼˡ
˺ܶ˿ռ䡣
μ˺飬˵֪ղŻ׷
ŵҲ˵ʱˣ˯ɡ
Ҫ׼ʱһӰȻԺӡ
ŵŻʪ͸ŻŵĽʵôˣ
Ľܽ䣬˵׷ңŵ磬Ҷһ㡭
£һӰѾ׷˹
ͬĻʪ͸ﱧһС裬ŭĽܣ
ò֪Ϊʲôԭ
棬Ľеط㡣
ʵﻹʢˮС裬׷
ƫƫܽ˷䣬ڷ޿ɶ㡣

СˮȫĽϡ
ŵ֪ôʪġ
һˮùĽŵĴʪһ룬ջϵһӣҲʪû취ٸˡ
ҵţ
ˮˣĽ׷˳ȥܿʧŵμǰ
Ŀ죬ܵҲ졣
ŵμ˿ʪһĴͱӣ鶼ЩΡ
μ˽ǴӱĴ챻ʪȻŵȥһӹ
Ǳӡ
һ챻ĽСŪʪˣϴ˻ûɣջһĶ֡
ã鶼Ҫһģһ
μ˳ȥ˺ܾòŻ
߻طʱϿտҲ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵأ

ŵû뵽θıӣõĶ֡
ʱò֪ôˡ
ĽһˮĽȻưոݣҲһˮȥ
͵ΪֹҲˡ
һ;Բݡ
Ľһ裬ʪջ·Ľ׷θܣ¶ڵĴϣҲûжùĽ׷
ǣ򸾵ıӣҲꡣ
ֻ׷Ľˡ
Ľ˶򸾵ķ䣬ҵһӱʪ
˾׷Ҹϣһһ裬Ϊθıɱ֡
θкܶലñӵġ
һ֣еıӶˡ
ӳȥһȦһıӶûС
ʱĽǵĸװŴƨɣס
ŵ˴Ϊ⡣
ƤҲͰˣĽôҲϹ֣
ô죬˯ܲʲôǰɣ
ЩӣӵĹϵȻٷչûеͬһӵĳ̶ȡ
ŵ룬ֻ˵ϣȥ˯᷿ɣǼ·Ӧû£ȵ죬ܼҴüӹ
תȥߵſڵʱȻһ˰ɣҹ̫䣬ȾϷ纮
ŵͷӣ¶֮ɫ
μ˽Ψһı̿˵ǸһӾͺˡ

磡
磡
θһ֮ڣſڴϣͬʱһ硣
Ľӣ˵ллˡ
ƨɻۣۿתǹǿߣлǰŵ磬ֲǰ㣡
ŵ磬һֱǱεġ
ԼǰôԼôã۸ĽʲôöҲ׼һݡ
Ϊ˱ܵίҲӦõġ
Ľûк죬ſڴϣֻᣬܿ˯˹ȥ
ͬʱڴϵŵȴһ˯ⶼûС
ôû뵽һκͬȻΪĽ֮ʧ
ڤڤ֮Уһ⡣
£
еĸлر
ûһĳԣֻʣһӣҲԼһ˯
ƫͷ˿Ѿ˯ˡ
Ŵܴ󣬼ͬһӣ˵֮䣬Ҳһξ롣
Ҳֻʣһξˡ
¹ȥ֪䣬ǵĹϵѾǧɽ֡
ܿ죬ŵĽ硣
ߣμ޳Ľë˲۾
΢΢ƫͷһۣǻһ˵Ļȡ

ڶ죬ŵ𴲵ʱѾûˡ
ﻹһ˿¶ȣԼ㡣
μ˶緹߽ŵԹ緹Ҳûἰ飬һжһ
ֻǣܼҽҪҪȥʱŵ˵Ȼȥ̲֮˳ȥȡӡ
μ˽ë˲ȴδ˵ʲô
Ƭ̺̲ſڡ
ŵܼʵүӹ𣿡
ŵʲôӣ
ܼȻүղŲ˵
ŵȡˣٷʣ˵ˡ
ܼѸߣԲãǺ顣
һҪŵ߽̲
Ǽ÷ʱŵ΢΢һ㶡
ڵӺ棬һϤӰ
ŵϲˣ
ֻ̧ۣޱĵ˵ͷ
ŵһ㶡
˵Ĺϵһ²ûһӵҲһůЦݰɣ
˭ǵˣ
һ£ڸĸ꣬鲻Ҳ
һʱ仺һɡ
Ҳû˵ʲôĬĬ档
һвһڣ˵£ЩӻܵһЩڣӡ֮󣬾Ϳύˡ
˵ͷŰɡ
ŵڵȡ
ƽʱ飬ǽǬġ
һϣᶼûһ䡣
׼ȥ緹ʱȻĿ˼
ŵû⣬ߵ÷ſʱֿұȸղŸء
ŵعͷ˵ɤӲʱ򣬸ƿ¶
˵̲ʱһʫҲ̫е˼㲻Ǻܶʫ𣬰ҷ¡
ŵ߻£ʵʲôʫ
ϣ˫ֻ˵һ⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮񡭡Ը⣬Яཫڷ⣬ʹ
ŵ룬͵һƪΪдˣʵ־ˣָǳԶ룬ȫд׷˶ãʵ׳־ѳ꣬ǹ˼顭


140 ͽ
ŵ͵һ
ˡ
ĸףڳ֮ϣŰٹٵ棬װ׵ĸˣƪˡһ׸ʾʫʡ
һղ˼֮ˡ
ǸˣͰԳ
ң͸˵ģֹһס
ʮһף
ʮһʫʣ˿˼УѰ
ûϢļһ
̫ʧˣ
ʶʱ򣬷˻֪أ
ǿסеԹƳŵһۣʵǸ˵飬Ӳ𣿡
ŵҲһۡ
ͷûʲô飬ΪʲôҪܣ
һ£ڱҥ
Ƕǳ֥ùӵˣһ²ڳ汾ûü£Ҳܹ
ˣŵʵǺʧġ
̸£Һͷ˹ʲô鶼ûС
˳ǣһţûʲô飬дʫдôࣿ
ŵʼ磬˵˵ˣ㲻ţҲû취
һ˵ţǡ
ʲô
Ҳдס

ŵһۣӶˡ
˵ô࣬ԭ
룬˵ðСˣд
÷ĹȻһ̵ֽõү
һ£ô죿
ѵ͸Լ׼ˣ
Ƭ֮һֽֽǼоּ
ʫ
ͩҶ꣬Ȼ硣
⣬С

֪ڶ࣬ͬͬ
ͬһȥա
һǵһǣҪɳģͬһطΡ
˸˶鷳ŵɻû
ʫǰ׾дԪġ
ȫʫдؼؼһ壬龰ڣУд֮ġ顣
ʫǴдˣܿ԰ɣ
ŵ飬Ȼ̶ֳȣʫпУҲ顣
һ²˼һˣ
ŵһۡ
⼸ʫܿġ
֪ڶ֪࣬ͬͬڶֻ࣬Ҫͨ־ȤͶɡ
ͬһȥաԼ뿪֮󣬾ʣһˣʹⷱĳǣҲÿյġ
ԭԼУôҪ
⻹ࡣ
־ȤͶѣҲֻһ
ǡ
ҪĲ
μСһ˳ǣٹ˹
Сһ⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮񡱡
ֻСˡؼ֪ģҲҪиְɣ
üͷŵ֪ʫ⣬׾ʫдȻã֪Ȳߡ
ûϵ֪ȸߵġ

ǧư֣紵ѩ׷ס
Īǰ·֪˭˲ʶ
ʫ֪ȹ߰ɣȵԶŵʱ򣬿԰ʫ͸֤ǧ˼ǵҲǵβƵꡣ
ŵٴ񻹲⡣
ⲻٳԶŵʱ

᳾ɫ¡
Ȱһƣ޹ˡ
ҲиأֻҪĵһĵУʫ֪Ҳ͡
ŵ֪ϲͷ˱ȣʷѾ֤ʫдʫɱȷЩʰĴȸߣ͸ЩҲѷɫ
Сʱϲ飬̫ܲ͡
Ȼ˵Сˣʫ͸˵ЩΣ
С˿ɲֻ鷨ǰҲԶĲŮ黭ͨʫҲ
ȻЩݵĿŵ˵Щ¥ʣȻǱȲʫģʫд飬ǰ޳ң𡶷ˡҲضá
һӹɵġ
¥ϲ̨棬ֻ̻
ˡдģʫУд飬ҪдŮ֮飬ܵõϿɡ
Ȼƪô򵥣ŷḻ̵ںаθĵλҲúʫȸ¡
˵ζ
ǸԼдʫˡ
ûȫд
Ժμˣˣͻ뵽ˣˡ
ǰֻǵãĺѡ
ҲŮˡ
Ҳ˵ݣ֮˼ס
ֲôûûƤ˼ֱᡣ
ߣպеǻᣬʱ˼ŵ˵Щڴ˰ɡ
ЩڣŵŻθԷ
ű߳Է߲Ľŵ˿ڲˣ˵ǽ㣬ǸϹ֡
ĽͷǷС֪ˡ
תͷһֻۣһӣ͵͵¶һĨǳЦ
ʱһԺӡ
磡
̶һĹѾ˺ü磬ĽɴбϵŮվֱ壬ʵ岻𣿡
˲ӣ˵û£Ľˮˡ
ŮӵúУҲ޵ľôܶˡ
¿ϣɴ֮£һ˿ݡ
˵ʱӹһ٣ΣԶԶûн
ʦηŹһΣǸŮˣܻԹ
ȻǸŮ˵ⱲӶĻջؾջء
СӦ飬ûм
ԻΪԼá
һ飬̨Ϣʱ˵ʦ㣬˵ˣǲҪ˯һѽ
ŮӵȻ
ˣ˵ŵͼ˽㣬Լ˯Լıӡ
ŮߵΪǲķޡ
뵽Щ
ʱЦ˵ǣԺˡ
Ů΢΢һ㶣ʵʲô
˵ϣҺĽǵıŪʪˣǾֻ˯һˡ
ŮĬؿڿʼ΢΢
ĺͽ
Ƭ̺˵岻Ļ
˵Ͳ𣿡
Ůҧͼ飡


141 
ŵ극׼̲ʱθ
һѽȥƣͷˮʪա
ŵǰС
ΪϰֻȶȣĽҪ̿ࡣ
ŵ籾ûȥ̲ġ
ϻ֪ڶ࣬ͬͬͬһȥաģͰѾñطĹһ̲ʫʮֵУʣ˰֡
̲Ҳûʲô飬ŵ棬ĵ֡
һվ˵Ҫʵû¸ɣͺҳȥ߰ɣÿڵļ˾ôˡ
Ƭ̺ŵڳͷ
ʱԳ嵭һС
һ²ٴڳͷʱͲʶΪˡ
ŵЩϰߣΪһɢʱ򣬶Ǻǣ֡
뿪֮ǰ˾Ѿ졣
һ¹ȥ˾ûʲô仯
ĵط仯ȷͦġ
ͷѧӴˣԶ
һĿƾټδ£Դĸصſǣ۳
һЩصѧӣΪǰӦĻǰ¹
ÿʱҲǳֵʱ
ŵڽͷ˵Ҫú׼ƾ٣ӦþͲôȥ̲
˵˵ţŷûи
ŵתͷȥפһ̯ԡ
վڲ̯ԣ̯ϵļλˣһߺȲ裬һ졣
˵˹λι˭ǳһˣ
ϻȻǷ˹ˣλҶιȻҲƯĺͷ˹̫ˣ˹
ҲͬĿ˹ǳԷ糾֮أʣιʤһϾ֮ơ
һվ˹
վι

Щ˵ۣ̾
뿪һ£μ˺ͷˣѾ˭ǳһˡ
ҲʲôȴһֵʸûС
μҲˡ
ԼôãУȴǱȲϷˡ
ϣվ˵ĽǶȣ˵ȷ
лʧ䡣
ǰˣԶԶľͿվſڣһɴӰ
˵ˣڵķˣѾһǰķˡ
Ҫһ棬Ҫʮӡ
£Ҳֻĳˣ㿴ɴ֮µò
վſڣѾһ
ŵղ·ʱյϢ
һûΪҥԣӻ
һ£ûͣ
ʶܱĸء
УƢĺá
õĸȨӵܣǴ鳼Ķӡ
ϴɢ˵ҥʱû
Ρƺϴβһ
֪Ϊ˱ӣǡ
ŵ첽ӭȥ
ŵֻǵĿһۣ㾶ֱǰȥŲûκͣ
һĮĿ⣬÷˵ĽŲһ٣һҲȥ
ˡ
οŪɳ׾ˡ
ǵнԶӰУֳһ˿ûڡ

ŵڽϣ첽׷ȥ˵û𣬷˸ղźк
ŵˡ
㲻
ŵ˾Ҫ𣿡
һ£ϲǳˣ
ŵûлش
ܵҲ㲻ϡ
ֻǸϲ˼򵥵ദ
ӣĽ£˼򵥵ˣദˣú˼ӵ˴򽻵
ȻȻãҲȥʲô
ϾܵҹݺҪá
Ȼöˡ
̲ʱһ·ںŸ衣
߽÷Ȳʵʲôʱ򳳼ܵģ
ŵƳһۣʲô
ϴβúõġ
ŵ֣ڵԺûɡ
¶֮ɫߺû쵽ڣ˵Ѿһ²ˣ
ŵ˽⣬ƽպٶʲô档
һ²ˡ
϶ͨĳܡ
ŵ̽ʵһֱ֮䣬ҲҲֵֵز
ŵѡ
ԣûеĿģﷴЩ
Ҳ֪ʲô飬Ȼ˵Ļ
ƢôõȻҲ˾һ棬ԼԺʲô£᲻ҲôԼ
ŵ̽ʵѰɣ
ŵĿһۡ
ôʳ仰ģ
ĹϵǼ򵥵ѿԸģѣͬʦʱ˾ĳϵǰޣֿҲ
ŵ˵㣬̫ˡ
Сָ˵˵ã֮䣬ܹ鳳ܣ
ƾĽһľٶŵţԶоһ졣
˹ָȻ˵֮һȥθԷɣ͵Ǹӷϴˡ
ЦЦʵû⣬Ӳɣ
ŵֻҪٵιҡ
һ죬̧һ£յˣ
ѵ壬ȥԷӵȻ
һҲǰ׹ġ
ʱŵͺ¡
ʵӣĳЩ
һʵǿ
һĲ̫Ļ
ⷽܺõ㣬ʶֶ࣬黭ʲôģһһϲͨ
ûвշ棬ǻйͬԵġ
̲֮ŵһصθ
ڶμҳԷձȵһκгˡ
ûᣬҲûΡ
Ȼľһһ
ԷʱĽ̫ԣѯʹ󣬵֪˷纮󣬳Թһ˹еŮҽ
ŮҽǰǸеӿġ
ҽĽתһȦǾֱĻˡ
һٶõľ룬һҼȥˡ
ĺҲ浽һ
ۿʱҪˣŵߵǰ˵ʱ䲻ˣûȥˣҲûط˯ˡ
òʶһλĴ㣬ð˯ǼҰ
ǰȷԡ
θȱӡ
Ӷֻ˯һӡ
ŵ򴲵λã΢΢һ㶡
ôӣ
Ŀӣʵⴲӡܼģ
ŵ²ۡ
ϲǻ
ҪʱĲװ
μҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ⱻ˭ģһˣʱ򣬴ϾͶһӣǸѾ͵İɡ
ŵ룬ߵߣһӣϾҪˣȥϲ˯ɣȥ̴
˿ŵıӣֿ˿Ͻʣıӡ
ԥҡҡͷ˵ˣϴǻعɣҲû£ʲôݣǲҵġ


142 
ŵԥתߡ
ĽãҲط˯ˡ
ߵʱĽӣ̾˿
ҲΪˡ
ĽŵϷš
һִȫ綼ںԡ
Ѿ˹ؼһ
˻ȥˡ
Īһӡ
ϴλϴ˯μҡ
Īǣʾʱ̫죿
һӵĹϵȷչɿ죬ŵ֪̲ĵ
һζĲܻ֮Ūɳ׾
̿Լıӣ˵˯ɡ
μڴϣ˿֮࣬һ˿ССȻ
˭ŵıأ
θѷСԺ
һ֮ڡ
谵ķ䣬ûһƻ
ŮûбӵĴϣȻоЩ䣬ȴůůġ
ȻʦӦὫй¶ȥԷһǴطǲסˡ
Σյĵطȫĵط
ǸŮˣԲҵ
һˣȻ䣬˭˯
ڶһ硣
ŵϴʹܼҡ
˵ǴӲ͵ġ
θļѾߣҲʾǲ֪
Ǿˣ˭ô£
аˡ
ﶪ⣬кȻһӵģ
ŵûȥ̲ˣͲˣʲôشİ飬һ
ʱ߽СԺ
ﱧһ軨˵÷ҸմǷ˹͸ǵģ˵ͼϲ廨
ŵ̧ͷһۣ˵˭˵ϲ廨ģ´ȥʱٸͻȥɡ
һ㶣
ŵʲôҪûʲôĻھȥɡ
һŮӣܽӪôãȷס
ֱ˵ҪһЩʫƣŵӶա
һҲԡ
ýҲǣȥ
Ϊ˺Сӣȥһ£ֶˣǿ鷻ʫģÿӳȥòײƽϢҥԣӡ
ǸҪеǸӡ
Ϊףһƿˣ
顣
Ƭ̺
˿ű˻Ĳ廨̾˿ǲԭҡ
ҹݺ棬˵飬ȷĹˡ
һΣ˺ûк
Щɫ竣˱ˣκεΡ

˿ϵһ֮ǰ֣Ȼûû
ʧȥһѡ
ˣὫѡ
ǽӽֻΪ˵õΨһ⡣
û壬֪
˼֮󣬷Ա軨˵ԧѾܾûȥθ˰ɡ

θ
ŵԺ
ÿ쿴ףǿƾӦеӡ
ÿ鲻ɣֻĽ棬ӿģʱսԾô룿
ɡ
ĶˣԼˮƽÿҲн
ŵո뵽褣褾ͳС
ߣԧ
Ƿ˺ҹݺ
Ѿ˽ˣŵԹԵ߹˵÷򣬷˹лģ˵ллǵЩʫʣҪȻҲûн졭
ŵһǲ͵ģģһһף׶ѣûʲôлġ
ǰڵҪллӣЩʫ棬Ҳ򲻵ġ
ŵûٿڣҲûпպȻ
ҹݺĴΣߵŵǰ˵ӵļϴδղһܿǵӰ죬Ϳĸӽģҽôзĸ׼ɡ
ҹݺļȷ
̫ãԺķܴ
ƾٵİгҲģ죬ƻƳ٣΢߷ٲƻǻճС
£ҪǵԼʸӰˡ
ķ磬Ѿ˿ƾٵ޶ȡ
ҹݺȻܹÿһζ׼ȷаġ
ѧһŵǳ׼ȴ
ʱŵֱЩˣ¹˵ɣллҹݺˡ
Ƿˣҹݺҹݺ
˵׽ãԹ
ҹݺѵõ¶һ˿΢Ц˵ӵļ츳ԺԳһޱԼļ̸ӡ
ŵٿɡ
ʱʱ˵˽һӣɲ빫ָָ㣿
ŵ˰֣˵˼Ҳֵ
˲̽ʵҪҵһ

˽Ļϣ˵ƿ廨
Ҫ

ѾյĲԡ
Ҫʱŵһۣ˵ȥ
ڨڨһЦ˵ȥϸé
ŵĻȱŰɡ
ˣŮⲻû¸Լ
ɣμ˴߽˱軨ߵǰЦ˵˵ιϲƿ廨ҽЩӲõģ͸ι
ŵμ˶ԴҲϰߣֽӹ֮󣬷ֵιԻոȤĻҿԽ㡭
μ΢΢һ㶣ʵҿѧ๫˵ѵġ
̵Ȼ
ǺѣǣǷˣ˵ﵽʦľ磬ŻǺܼ򵥵ġ
ڴ󲿷˵ž͹ˡ
߽䣬ע⵽ǽϹŵĻϴʱ򣬶˼
˵Ļѣپһ㣬ϵˡ
ôһߡ
ҪջߣȻ΢΢һ㶡
еһ˼ɻ
ɻ̫ϤˣǴӹͼϸڣϰһģһΪԼġ
μˣʵιЩ
μ˵๫ġ
ֿһǺɻ
ֵ֪ڻҲǡ
ȴһжˡ
Ǹμʩһ˵ǸιЩӣ鷳ˣҲãûмʱֹЩҥԡ
μ˲δ˵ʲô
һʼЩҥԣȷЩ
ϰˡ
๫ʲôˣһ飬αȥΪһЩĵҥԶ
Ҳûϼ룬˵Ƚ㻨յļԭɡ
֮󣬷˽ƿ廨²ɢμ˵ι԰ҸղŽģЩ²һ飬δҪ͸ղŵһ԰Լ뷨
Ƭ̡
˿μ˲õĻ룬Ŀʵ֪ιֵвȤ
μ΢΢ͷ
廨ûʲô츳ˣ٣ߵǱǰ˵Ҫһǽ㵯ٰɡ
Ƭ̡
˵ɫЩ԰ס
۵ֱϺëֱԺ죬˶ˡ
ǿмһ˿ЦݣԵμ˵ҪǻѧհɣҾãڻϸ츳һЩ


143 
ɫ԰ףʧǵĴӷ߳
żʱСİһ£ˤ
ŵһڲˮ
Ц
ӵ٣ΪԼûгԹ
ЩǿģⱲԵˣŵʵ
Լ
θſڡ
Ǹֳһ˿Ц⡣
ҹݺյ˼Բˣʱ㻹Цĳ
ǴЦ˵㶮ʲô˵ںһںǲĽ
ҹݺֱӵʵô죿
˵ҺԼˣеʱ򣬾͹ա
ԧЦ֪ˣǱϵػս޷棬Ǿͱâػذ
ʵҲΡ
Ҳ潻档
˼Ҹ潻Ļᡣ
Σų²ߡ
²ߡ
Щıɱܡ
ƫƫҪװһӡ
ȷģܣҲҧš
ŵΪ˽һΣͻᱻ۷Ĵ㡣
û뵽ڶ磬̲ʱڼ￴˷ˡ
̡̳̣̳ܽ
ڳֵطܽһСַӪûе˵ıǲеġ
ŵԼ˼λεʱ򣬷Ѿˡ
ϣƿ廨
һƿߵʹ䣬£ˣׯг
ŵܴƿ廨ܵ廨֮˴ŵ˵顣
һƿ
Ҳһƿ廨
μԣ̧ͷŵЩڴʵܿһƿҲ𣿡
ŵĬƬ̣˵ҡ
ǰʵ˵ѡ
ʱСҲ޷
Ƭ̺װ˵ʵҪǲϲҲѧЩ߰Ķ
μ˵Һϲ
ŵû˵ʲôˡ
ϾҲûɷ涨츳߾ͲϲٻͲ廨ġ
ŵΪҲͼ죬û뵽Ȼ˰¡
ŵҲòϡ
ŮˣԼݰ
ǽˣ
ӺĽϷ˳ˣڻû
ڷš
ŵԹԵĿ飬ĳһ̣ЩڿʣոñӵĶ˾߹׼Ϊϲˮ
ŵÿ˵Լͷ˹
Ȼѡ˶ʮ󻨿ڶʮλ֮⣬һλ֮
ʮ󻨿λ
ȥĿˣǱŷȥġ
һ͵ʮһһԵĲ裬ô
ôĲ裬ɺȲ
ŵԹԵĵһ裬һ飬Ȼʶܾûˡ
ƫͷһֻۣվߣરવĵ
ϾĻױѾˣʱֽĨ˱𴦣Ȼһһģһҵı̣
ŵվһľ룬˵ްҿûʲô
һͻˣɱᡣ
˲ûͣ޵ĸˣͷϥ˵ҲãҵĴЩҥԣ˴ȥģЩ¥ַ⣬вǣ󲻰ߣ֮أֻһЩŮӣڳ޿ûбңҲû취
޵ĺģ嶼ڲ
ŵεܲȱˡ
̧ͷһ滨꣬ʵԭ𣿡
飬ȷĲص
ŵǣҲвصʱ
ص룬ǷˣҲûиõİ취
Ǹ̬ҲϿңЩӣûٷġ
ǽ廨ǽٵġ
Ǻߡ
ŵʱ򶼾ö̫ˡ
ŵû̴Ӧ
ӣ׵ԭ´ܻҡ
ŵ˵Ժˡ

μ߽䣬￴˿ת˿Ժʵ˹û𣿡
ŵղˣûڼңֻȥˡ
Ŷ
μӦһŵ档
ŵӣͻʵ÷ô
μ˵
ĵĿޡ
ᵯ٣裬鷨ử廨Լᣬμ˺ĽЩ
ŵʵ񡭡̫ϲ˹
ȻҥԴĺףμ˼УһʼƺͶԷ˹ﲻô顣
¡
ԵĸоԷ˹̬Ⱥܲá
˹˵һӡ
Ը࿴һۡ
ŵμˣʵӦϲ˹𣿡
μû˵ʲôˡ
ȷԼϲЩȤ
Լĺܺá
Ǵ

˿̣С
ղθʱ򣬾׼ױݣȫ޻ˡ
ھǰױϹŵЦݡ
ҹݺվԣʵԭˣ
˵ûС
ҹݺһۣû㻹ôģ
˿ĵ˵˵ˡ
ҹݺʵ˵ʲô
Цݣ˵˵ԭԭңԺ֣ô˵˵ѾԭˣֻҪҽٺһ㣬ͿԻصǰ
ҹݺű΢˵ķˣиֳ֮ɫ
૵˵㲻˵Խе˶Ūڹ֮䣬СС竣ҿŪ㣬һʼ˵޷԰ΣôãԼݽȥˣ
ңôܣЦһ˵ֻ飬ĵȷң֪Ͳţǽʵˡ
ҹݺĵ˵û뵽˼ҶûȤɣ
ŭ㲻˵滰𣡡

Դʱ£ԽԽˡ
ӱıԹȻ䣬ŵϸһӣѾЩˣϣм仹һΡ
һѩζŶĵˡ
ϵʱθѾߣӳȥһĶ
ŵμ˭Ҳû˵ʲôĽȥѩʱ򣬿еڴŵװûμҲûᡣ
Ľ˴죬˲Żصθ
ŵ߽䣬Ϸ
תͷԺɨѾߣʵСһ˭ģ
Ѿ߻ͷ֪ʱˣϷ¹үС䣬һɡ
֪ˣﲻôɨˣȥæİɡ
һûɨꡭ
ûʲôǵģȥɣ
Ŷˡ
СѾ뿪ŵ¿˿һӣ߽᷿
ٴ߳ʱѾտҲ
ҹ
Ϊֻһӣ˽ֻͬһ
ѩϯŵźıӣӣ۾еůͰ
ХθһСԺŮһûбӵĴϣֻתҧ䰡


144 ΢ķ
ڶա
峿
̲߽÷ϵһӰôпչˣ
ʵŵԭûġ
һ磬˾͹ӵˡ
ŵվûзôݡ
ڼ̲
İӵݹʵ緹ûУ
ŵļûг緹
Ҳûпһӡ
ҧһڰӣʵˣͷôˣ
ŵûô
һۣʵôķ˸ʲô
ͷӣװµ˵ʣ𣿡
ʵ̲·ϣżȻһЩϢ
ǰЩӣͷ˵ҥԣ˾Ȼҥˡ
ʲô⣬ĺܡ
Ȼҥѵǰˣ
ʱͬʵˣкܶࡣ
ֻһСַԶܺԺ¥Ȼȣ⼸£֮ѹЩѾõַ¥ȫΪ֮ӡ
û뵽һԾΪĶַ̾ͺλƲ˹ϵ
д˵ѾλˣҪΪԼѰ֦
ܿ죬֤ʵλ˹Ǵ֮
Ҫжһ㲢ѣ߾ߣܹϢжһ˻ǲԪԪ֮
£Щҥԣı˸顣
ĳȦӣҲʼ궯
֮ӵŮˣǲʲô뷨
Ȼǲֹϵ˭ձ˹飬͸ƾˡ
Ȼոѡʮ󻨿
ǵĿУˡ
˱Ƕ
һ֮Ķܼ˵
֮Ӷ
λƲϵ֮ˡ
ڳϲȨ͹ԱԣںЩ¥ݵķ¡
ڳķ糾ȦӰ죬ʵС
ĳĵ԰֡
һµС¥԰֮ڣʱתС¥д
ǳַ֮һ¥
¥ַʵ¥ַ鿣¥һ壬ڴģҪԵĿˣǳĴԹ
֮ȡַ֮Ϊ֡Ϊ֮һһЩ߼¥ǲԸȡٻ¥¥ġ
¥ĳС¥¥һŮüͷһʵ棿
һСվ·˵ǧȷϢģǸˣʹĶӣֹϵһ£ûȥ󡭡
ŮԣҲʶʲôϸֳŭɫܻǶǸŮ˸ƭˣһдʼգ¶ԼݵһϷ
ŮӺ޵
һţ¥꣬Ӧû
ǻ˴дʫƣλǱ˸ȥġ
ɲ˻֮ǰϵһԴ
׷ѵӺ;ǴҪġ
ҪǣѾΪλڶĻҺȥ
Щռ汸ˣл֮ЩСȦǺܻӭģֻǵ檣պҲΪ¥Сĺô
ѡҲ֮ˣһա
ˣ¥ĺܶͣҲߡ
Ϳ˳ˣʱ䡣
һҪʮӣȫĽ¥ĹҲǮ
ҪǼɵˣڳ
ʵıҲڳȹģ˭ûм
ǱŶһ²һµԭһֱ
֮ǰһֱںٻҲһ㡣
ǵһ飬ǲĴӡ
٣Ψ鲻ܡ

θ
ŵԺڴ
ҳ֮Ϊ
ͷ˿ֱѾһ㼦Ƥ
һᣬɫ㲵Ĵӷ߳
ŵôԶһʣοǽߵ
ŵɵĶһ˿֮ģ˱ˮݸ˵ȱˮɡ
˫ֽӹ豭һĲˮȻȳһҸĸо
⻹һθݲ衣
ȷʵЩڿʣⱭ֮󣬽ӵݻ˵лл
ŵӹձ˲ϵһۼһ£˵·ˣҰϴϴɡ
ŵϵģʵǲˮ
ոն豭ӷںȻӵ
ŵһˮõϡ
ŵ˰֣˵ãѾ߻ϴġ
˵Ѿץס䣬˵ǲۣҪϴģҪȻϴǬˣӻҺܿϴˡ
˵Ĺŵ£Ѿǿ
ŵֽܾŵڣ˵ӽȥ·ɣ䣬ˡ
·Ժȷ䣬ŵص䣬רĵİӵ٣ûһϡ
һ·ߵʱ򣬿Ǽ·ˮڵϣϵǿۼ
ˮ̹ǣθѾߣϴ·ʱ򣬶ˮ
ֱͨ죬ÿ꼸£Ҫյ߹һ
һĻŵ
׷ַӼµθҪܾ޴ľĥҪϵĴݲС
ŵǰקĸ첲˵ˣϴˡ
˴ϸۣȴ֣ͨۿתĿСԭ𣿡
һ̣ŵӿֳһǰδеĸо
ˣú塣
ˣҲ취ġ
һֱ˵ģû뵽˺ŵĸоԭôð
ع˰֣ҲһЩ˵²Ϊ
Ц˲ᣬ˵ллӣ
߳θʱǹһĨǳЦ
СƢú尡
һλ๫϶˼
֪ιﻹʲôģ˾Ȼڻװ׵ģѵ治ᱻߡ


145 
ߺ󣬵ȵӵһŵ߽䡣
μ˵뿪ңͷʵҵǲǺ
ʵȥǲǡ֡
ŵ˵ãտʼʱѾкܴˡ
˵
Ӿ
սģ١
ǲҪһʮϣҲҪӶЩݡ
μ˻վ˵һӰɡ
ŵ룬˵̲Щ飬ϻٵ
μ˵˵ͷá
뿪θʱŵ¶֮ɫ
һֱôȥҲǸ¡
һλãܲÿˣҪ˷һΪ˵ôһСᡣ
Ҫ취ֵҲ
Ҫӳ飬ȰѽһӦȥ
ŵܼʵүȥ̲𣿡
ŵȥ¡

̫
ĸеĹ١
⼸ֵٺһ֮ǰĸо
ˡ
Ӱǰʼÿʱܻӿһֵĸܡ
Լ٣·ӵһ㡣
ĸܵٵɶҲкһ
̲ҽ¸κˡ
ıΪ֢
ĻǨڵλöס
ʱһλʧ߽˵ˣ²ˣµˣҪȥһ˴¡
˿
Ϊլ鱻Ǹˮĸϻ֪ˣԭֻǴˡ
̲õĿλһۣСֵģٻΪ顭
Ŀ
ɵǿǴ°н޳Ĵ£ѵ£
ߵ⣬վһλ¹ԱЦⲻ𣬽ôп̫ˣ
һۣʵûȥ¥ɣ
˵ʲôѾı٣ļ˵߰ɣһʶʶ
˵Ӱʧͽ̫ĹԱһ𾪡
˲ɵˣǷˡ
óȻ̫Ĵ̼һʱԽܣֻѡķʽӱܡ
̫²Զ
Ѿ֪ǵڼˣû˵һεĿ־ͽš
µĹԱû紫ŵô¡
ʲô̱ƹʲôУڡ
ǰ½˵
̻ͦϲġ
ڴµη֮ڣÿǹҲˮĸϻܷɣܹȫĵͶ뵽֮С
̵ַ֮ϡ
ĸоٴγ֡
ǰδе
η֮⡣
̵ĻѾµ
ŵûм뿪
̵٣һܡ
Ҫϴһϴ䡣
ܿģһ滺ηд
ŵԵĲһ¶ʱн
츳
ˣһЩ˵ĸо
ŵվһߴ΢ĶתͷվߵһӰ΢΢һ㶣ڵ
˵ͷĿ̵ηиֳһ˿ɫ
ʱ滺𽥱ļ١
ŵҲʼ١
Խ١
ŵĿֹüͷһһ˿쳣
̫ԣ

Ϊٵʱη֮ڣȻһ֮
һ̣ηľźȻѡ
ŵɫһ䣬һʱ䵲˸ǰ
ƺǸܵΣڵķȻӿһԸ֪з磬ӷϯŵǰ֮УȻ󻺻ɢ
ŵͷȥηſڵĵϣĹ֡
ʲôˣ
ˣ
ˣ

˷ӦѸٵ˵һԡ
ڼ
ŵԶԶĿһĻͬ¶֮ɫ
ҵ徳
ôǵ徳Ĵ塣
ǵ徳ĺȻ֮ƾҵڶΪסһ˲Ѿǧˡ
ղҲǵڶѡ
жּҵ
ҵ·ӣ뾳ʱӵиҵڶʵ
û뵽ּѾҼ꣬Ȼܳһλּҵӡ
ּҲҺͷңҪʵ²Ϊ
ּҶԣѵ뾳
뾳֮츳ԽߣΪԽ졣
̻ʮꡣ
츳ƿֲ
֪˶ãη֮ڣͣ
̸ղŵңĿԼС
һգ۵ʱ򣬱΢΢һ㶡
ηôûˣ
ûˣȫһǳһĺۼǱõһ㡣
ηûһĵǽ档
˶ɵˡ
ǵһʱ䣬ôˣ
̻վһãȻߵ档
һڹԱֵĿ
Ŀ⻷ˣãȻʵʲôˣ
һ¹Աụ̆дˣ£

θ
ŵǰķ䣬֮ϣ̵ĻѾʧˡ
ڸղţ̵ĻȻǰδеȻͻ޾Ĺ㣬׵塣
ŵϲŪ˼£ľ͵һɡ
ʧˡ
ֵڡ
ϴεĽףҲˡ
ǣץôŵؼ£ԼͨڣŽá
ֻץһˣ͵õֵ
ŵĵ˼Ρ
ȻգȴûֻΪı¡
ˣҲˡ
ԺʱΪӵ٣Ҳ椡
úúøлл
μվڷſڣŵõ־ܵôɡ
ֵͷ˿Լ֡
ȻͲѧˡ
๫ʲôӣˡ
ŵͷһۣ˵㲻ҵ
μ˰һӣŵߡ
ŵٵʱһĿš
ַ·һħĸңж˵ʳ
ͬӣʱȴζ
ŵתͷ˵㵯һԡ
μҡҡͷ
ǰ
ŵ룬ʵҪҽ㣿
Ƭ̺μǰŵվ࣬΢΢ֱϡ
ļ̵ְֽġ
ְֵĽҲܺ
ҪӵָңⱾû취ģΪڵĹУ뱣˵ָͬƵ
޷ҵġ
ý֮˵ָһŵָʲôͻʲôܵĸо
Ļ˵Ҳһ
ȥĻ
μ˵ɫЩ죬û뵽˵Ľ̡
ǵţŵҲߣתͷΪ΢ĶܿܵһЩܵΪ
ŵָ΢Ϊҹμ˵ָϲ
һ滺´
μĿԼ֣ǰδ£ȻҲܵô֡
⿴ŵı飬ɬҲЩ
ĽԼ
۾ʼĸָо
ŵҲĸܡ
ӱ㰡
㡣
Ҳǵģǰôû뵽ְ취
ǰĸûеô§ջĿܲӣһˤ
μڸ֣ŵڸӣ˶ԼУ֮ڣֻöʡ
úһˣͣЪ
μתͷҪ˵ʲôŵǡҲתͷ
㡭
ҡ
촽ϴһ˿ĸо
Ŀӣʱ·һͣ͡
Ŷ
Ľվſڣɴ۾һĻ̲סг
һ̣ס۾Ŀ⣬͸ָ죬©ĵǡ


146 ѷ
μ˴æվ˵ȥˡ
ӳĽŵСǸ˵Բŵ磬Ĳʱ򡭡
ŵԴû˵ʲô
˵˵ȷʵʱ
ĳǣûüܣôݲݵĽˡ
ֻ촽Ӵ
ͷû죬ʲôǡ
ŵߵ⣬Ŀ
ôţμЩңҲ
Ľ˳ŵ䣬˵ŵ磬Ҳѧ١
ĽҪŵһ㲻ܾ
ΪĽ٣һĥ
û뵽Ľֵϣ츳
ŵֻǽһСܵ򵥵ˡ
ĽȻٲ
˫̥òһ츳࣬ܿҲԼࡣ
ŵһӣдΪ⡣
μҵŮĽôӾûһϸأ
˼ȥŵ²⣬ĸǱߵĻ
λĸˣŵһ˽⡣
Щ˼ӣڶ죬뿪θ֮ŵܼҵ⣬ʶ˵ĸ𣿡
ܼҵʱүһңδһҾ߶ηūȻҲʶģѾܶûмˡ
ŵʵʲôˣ
ܼһƬ̣˵η˰һˡ
ŵʵô
ܼҵηѵһţŴɣʮ̤ľʮ격ڳΪʦδпܳΪǿߣٷ˱Ҳ硭
ŵһ
£ĸ˵̵֪
ʦȻּ֮ǿߣûһǧҲа˰١
ʮʦĳƵϷëˡ
ŵΪӵ츳Դμҵػû뵽ĸˡ
׼ȷ˵ǿǿϵĽ
ȣ佲Ѫͳ츳ԽߵĸĸԽ츳ߵĺӡ
ŵɵĿʼ棬˺ĸôߵһġ
һǰѵһš
һû츳
ȫˡ
ܼƺŵ˼ЦŽ͵δˣҲǷΣĲӣ˵η׷δˡ
ŵǵһ˺ĸ˵İԡ
ǵ꣬ȻŮ׷У
ӵĳĬԣˡ
ĸ˵ŵ㣬һ㶼ûŴ
˼Ƭ̺ŵʳһѾõ⣺ǵôֿģ
ܼҳĬƬ̣ڵүҪʣ
ŵûˣʲôӵģ
ܼ̾˿˵˵δ˺η֮ԷֿʵΪү
ŵסң
ܼ˵꣬үδཻĪ棬λ˻ʱүٷָΪ飬ֻү֮󡭡
Ļû˵ת۵η˲Ը⽫ŮңδһŵǧΪ˱˼ҵηһŭ֮£ţЩҲṳ̂볤벽
¶һ˿Ц˵η֪үɽ㣬¾Ͳᷴ׮ˡ

ŵƿԡ
ӴСʧȥĸףȻԼ
ǸʱûҲȫϡ
룬ʵĸ˵
ܼҵηڵţΪڣͳǧǽкպɣλڵеΪʦǿߣʮλﾳǲ֮أ͢ҪǺܴӡ
ŵٴĬ
ô˵Ƕӵĸס
ŵԭһᣬӣȥݷðݷûпǷعںãƾԲ
Ͼ
û뵽ĸԶǧ⣬ƾڼȻôԶ
£ֻܵպ˵ˡ
ڡ
ŵְ
ûȥ̲ڴǰͣ¡
ŵ̵ģֻ֮ʧҲûҪΪ
˴֮󣬲ŵ֪Ͼͻȥˡ
ȻˣǲҵǮ⡣
µɷãҪµٺ»
Ĵǰ;ȣǮ㲻ʲô
ǰڵһˡ
Ҫе徳պȻ֮
ûܽ޵徳
һлڵзʽԴδĳɾ;Բ͡
úõĹ٣ŵţͱˡ
˫޵ĹԱٶȺܿ죬ò˶ãͻܵ
ƷĹԱһץһѡ
һ徳ĹԱû˸ˡ
ûΪŵһˡ
ֻӦһӡ
û뵽ôջ
Ҳ֪Ҫ֮⣬ʡ
ȥļӳɣֻԭʼļɣ˵Ҳˡ
ӹˡ
ŵ֪Ϊʲô츳ôߣȴƫƫϲЩ
ԭ˵꣬ҲЩĸԵòҪҪġ
ǵĿƾٵ϶ҲͨգٻǻӵİãǴӻġ
תա
ԴСС̽һ֮ûˡ
Ľÿ춼ŵǡ
СѾͷ츳Ĳʱ䣬ĵһ׶һЩӡ
ӣںͷѧ廨
廨ȷȵٺͻҪ׶ˡ
ȻԶԶﲻ˵ˮƽҲˣ²ĻҲģġ
ŵˣ˵ôҪæ㲻ÿ춼ġ
֪ڱ֮ǰǸ⣬Ѿˡ
һյˣܴŵţķַӼ£ÿȴʱӲ廨ŵѾĳ⡣
ЦЦ˵ûϵҲ˼ˡ
ŵĿ֪仰ʲô˼
ѵǾ̫Ըٽˣ
μ˵ĿҲˡ
˿˵죬Ǵ뿪ˡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵΪʲô
ҡͷ˵ˮ̫ǷһŮ˵ģȥĵط
ŵüʵ׷ʲôˣ
˵ͷûпڣֻરવĵ䡣
Ҳû˵ΪʲôһԲĬĬ뿪θ
Σŵ档
ӣʸ
ŵ˯褽ʵ󵽵׷ʲôˣ֪֪
Ժ褣˲ѣ֧֧ģһԲ
ŵüͷһʵǲ֪Щʲô
Ϊѵ˹ﲻҸ㣬÷㻹ȥʷ˹ɡ
ŵĿ褡
ӷʲﻹʲˣ
µ˾÷򣬱Ļţֻܵðɣʵ⼸죬һЩ飬ϴѡ󻨿ַ߼ˣ˹ҲܵвЩ뿪ҪȻ
ҪȻʲô
ҪȻͰȫ¥
ŵʵЩ˱ǿ
һıԼܽ
褵˵ͷ˵¥ˣ¥¥ַŶλȨкӰӣԷ˹ﲻҸ㡭


147 ί

ƽＸַȴԵЩ壬ֻȼλˡ
ۣϵʲôƲ裡
ʲô裬ˮɣ
ޣҲȵģ
ӻǮǾ͸ӳʳûˣ
ʲô׸
Ǯ
Ǯ

ĸߴ׳ӣȴϣϵĲˮƷͷһ
ΪĿˣֻǿһۣһ˾͵һӣŭʲô

ǵĿˣŻŵܳ
һλ׳Ůˣ¶Цݣ˵ҪǸȱ裿
Ůֻӵģû뵽ȴƤŵþ뿪
ɲǼ䣬ΪĿˣҲ˸⡣
λϳĿˣͷһۣ̾Ϣ
ڳС⣬ûʲôż
ҪûıС
ҵˡ
һ̵⾭Ӫٺã׬ٶ࣬ҲֲĳλȨӵܵһ䣬ףҪ
¥ؼַǺʵıҵֻҪһ죬ԴԴϵӿ
Щ߸ϵĴǣôŹҡǮ
ķ糾ǿĿɽ
¥ԺĵطǱͨ졣
Ī˵һĿˣǳеĹԱһЩСȨ󣬼Щطƹ£ҲùģСġ
Щӷͷ̫ʢѡ飬Ⱦָ
˶ϣǳ顣
ֻǰڴ֮ӵԭû˸
ǿΪԼŮˣҶɱһȺ֮ӵĺˣ˭ȥŸɣ
û뵽ǣλȻҥλĹϵ
ⲻŸ߱ˣʵûб
һϸµĵЩ˷֣ŵȷ
ȥһ£Ȼһζû
ݿɿϢ͸¶͸˹ЩʫʣʵǷ˹ġ
ǣ˹ﾹȻǴ֮
ּ󶼱ûйϵ
Щӣǰ̽һӶƤǰ£ʦȵȡ
ԴˣʲôӦδС
㳹ʵǼ顣
ȷһ󣬾Ͳʲôˡ
̶գλͱ¥Ժֱߡ
ҲʼһЩƤƵ¡
һЩ˸ոտſڣͻᱻǿиߡ
ЩۣÿĿ轵
Ҫ˶ãͻ
飬Ѿ̫ˡ
ĸλԶ˼ֵȻ֪
ҪȻ뿪ǲܵ顣
ʷˣ֪ٴﰵڴ⡣
ˣŵȻϡ
治֪ϲʲôġ
ڡ
׳ָϵĲˮ㣬˵ǮģǾȻûĶкǣ˵ôɣ
ԧ쿴ˣǸ˵λ͹٣˼ǽĻѣǻ˸ǡ
Ĳˮ͸㣬Ȼûġ
õǶҶҲÿ²ɹġ
˺֮ǰЩһȻ鷳ģۣǵȦס
ĽȻ⡣
Ҳ⡣
ǱµģôСǮ
ʩлأǮǴˣ
ôҲʮ⳥ɣ
ԧûϼЦݣƽ͵˵Ӧõġ
ȡһƱݸˣ˵дܣλϢŭǮ͵λԾˡ
һ׳ӹƱʱ˳Ҫסԧ֣ԧɵĶ㿪
˶һۣȻƷӣˮɢһء
ô󣬻ûĶдˣǺڵ꣡
Һڵ꣡
¶ŭ֮ɫҪƷڶӵʱȻܶˡ
岻ܶ췢ļѡ
ϴʹĸоñӺݺݵĳǣȴӵӰӣ⼫µʹУڶ⣬嵽ֻ꣬£˾ֱʹ˹ȥ
󣬶¥
һŮϣһڲ裬վķһۣʵôˣûУ
˿һǧӣ㲻ֱˣ
£һҲԶֹһǧ
ŮЦЦ˵һǧˣʡŵ㻨㹻°뱲ӡ
˵ͷһԲ
ŮӼ˵ŮӣҼ֪Ǻ³𣬹ͷӲߣ󲻻ǵùԹԽӿͣ
ŷˣ˵Ҫ˵Ǭ¥ˣ֮ڣҾܽɳĵһʱܽӴЩ塭
˵ҲӦأ
ŮӳһЦʵǳΪ㻹ѡ𣿡
̧ͷҧ촽ѵû𣿡
ŮЦˣ˵ڳǾ㲻Ϊ¥һ˵İɣ㣬˵ıǸģǣҲǲ¥
Ļ䣬һӰŶ룬ʵ𣿡
Ůüͷʵʲôˣ˭ģ
˿˵Ҿ˵Ǹġ
ŮһǴ֮ŵ
ηŵݡ
֮ǰʾ棬ҵõ
ֻϴһ裬һʱ嶯ɱҲɱˡ
˺ϼһӲЦݣʵӣôˣ
ŵ˹ҵѣѣ𣿡
ŮȻ㣬ѣ
ŵƳһۣ˵Щİˣʲô࣬Ů֮䣬ѵһֹϵ𣿡
Ůӻع룬ŵһ˵¥ƹҷ˹һЩģȻˣҾȸˡ
ŵʵˣ
ŮƤһ˵¥Щ飬Ȼȥˡ
ͷҴ뿪ŵҲû
ֱߵǰʵ飬ôҰ
ۣ
ʲôҲû˵ֻ˵ŵͷίĿ
޵ĺģֹҪЩܵίˮй
ȻܿͱˮʪһΣŵûϴһƿ
ۿղһĻҲףΪʲôҪɢҥԣԼԼס
һеˮĻҪöࡣ
һŮӣһȺŮӣҪڳ㣬ȷһǳ׵顣
Ǽ飬ŵһ˿죬Ҳʧ
ЩھΡ
ЩӣԷˣǲеˣ
뵽Ӷ̬ȡ
ŵ̾˿ķ˵ļ˵Բ𰡣ǰ̫ˣģ󲻻£飬ͽˡ


148 
֪˶ãڲˡ
ŵļȴʪһƬ
ڹŮˮ顣
ڴʱõˮ֮ࡣ
ôãױֻˣŵջ·ҲŪĺһһ
ĨĨ۾˼˵ӶԲְ·Ūˡ
ŵ˵û¡
վڴڣһҴȥĽӣʵղǸŮˣ˵¥ɣ
˳ĬƬ̣˵ӣ飬ô˰ɣֻҪǲңܹ⣬ǾѾˡ
ˣŵ⡣
˵ֻŹˣһûɡ
ֻȥһ£ģͳһ죬ôȥǵɽղɡ
ʱ򲹳һˡ
ŵ˰֣˵飬㲻ùˡ
ƺ⣬ץ䣬˵ӣ˰ɣ¥һȺȨ󣬷Ϊǡ
Ȩ
ŵҪľȨ
ͲЩȨһĶȱľ
ŵ¥£ȥˡ
ˣʵ˭ģ
ҧһԲ
ͬ⣬ŵûʵڶ顣
˿ܼңǬ˵ȥ°ɡ
ΪһŵԼΪֹͽס
ûʵȨ
˽蹫ã͢Щָ˵ˡ
¡֣һ£̿ڡ
˵˵
ǡ
ŵһۣ˵˵Ҳˡ
飬רҵģ϶ܱʳ顣
ŵص¥ʱѾϵױȫжˡ
ͷһۣŵתֽס˵ӡһҲױͳܿġ
ŵ棬ԣĵİ׵һΡ
ӣΪˡġ
˵գֻ˵пɡ
ȻпɣǺԼЩֵʦȡ
ͨʦԶģӺǲ֪ߵȥ
ıԳƵǴʦˮ׼
ӣηѭ򽥽ܺõıӶŮӵİ֮飬ǳϷ˵⡣
Ƭ֮󣬷˴߳
ֻ˵ǳױ˼ޣ˼š
˻ױͲױ˵ĸоȻͬ
ױޣױ崿ַܺܺõļԦ
Ŀŵʵǲǲÿ
ŵ࿴ۣ˵ͦÿģҾã㻭ױܻһЩ
̫ŨױݣȻҲÿһЩ糾
ǳǳĵױȥ˳۶ˡ
ʵոãյķˣûһ糾ȥļҵĴҹһ
ǰŵܲôֱ׵ۡ
һβۣͷ˷Ϥˣ˵ҲһЩ
ǱߣʱûϢ
Ҳţ졣
ŵĿǰһ֪֪
ŵʵ˹ʲô֣
˵ūҾͽз˰
ŵ˵ԭ֡
һеŮӣһ㶼ʾˡ
Ƿˣҹݺԧ죬϶ǵ
¶ɬ֮ɫ˵ӣһеŮӣδ๫ǲܽ߱˵ġ
ŵ˰֣˵ǵûʡ
ֻǾãΪѣ֪Ǻ顣
ȻǻĽȻǿѡ
ʱȴһת˵Ȼ֪ūҾͲŹˣūнĽǷ졣

ŵŷˣ֣˵ͦ䡣
žĺܺõŮ֡
뵽һ£ʵ˵ҹݺ׽ã
˵˵ͷ˵ҹݺнƶ׽ãС꣬ǽ㣬á
ҹݺͷˣô׽á
ҲеĽãĽ˷ֲֶ塣
ƶĽһŮӣƺϲƵ֡
ȴĹУŵһЩ⡣
˺ҹݺãǰҲǸ˼ҵС㡣
ֻ˱ʣĸ⣬ҵñһַΪͽܣǸּա
ַ֮ǰַиΪ˼̳ʦ־Ϊַ㽫ᵽ˳
֮飬ŵͶ֪ˡ
Щ飬۾棬ӿ
ᣬ˵ŵˣЩĵ¡
ʱܼҵӰ⡣
ŵվ߳ȥʵ鵽𣿡
ܼЦЦ˵˴£в鲻顭
ڵụ̂˾ʵʵĽˣ˻ӣҵġ
ŵʵ鵽˭ָʹ𣿡
ܼҡҡͷ˵ЩƤԣƽͿֶթʱҲǮ£ֻǮԼҲ֪˭
ÿΪ͢˰ģ̼ңΪåԣҪƵùͣҵ͢еܶʧ
飬ŵ鷳ס
Ϊ滹鷳
ãŵ̲߽÷ʱƻ̧ͷƳһۣʮ졣
ڼﰲıƾΪ˲ȥθ
õƻݸŵ˵ʲôȻ壬˼ڣɵȥˣ
ˡ
֪˵ζ
ŵϣŨŨķζ
˱ضйʱ䣬ĽӴҪȻζôŨ
ŵͷǰҸմ
ʵǺͺˣ
ŵ˵ģ֮䣬ܺ𣬲ΪһС¾;
ؿҡ
û˵ʲôŵԼõƻҧһڣ˵֪ǿһղ˼֮ķ˹ôú
ŵм飬ðҸæ
Цң̲ɣ
ŵеһչ˵ģϲϲϲĻٸ»һ
Ŀȥ鲻ɵһ
ϵŮӣһĺɫװ촩ųӡ
Աߣ֡
һЦɫ
Ȼ͢ʦĻҪһЩ
ǲдʫ
ꡣ
ǹһ˿ȣ°΢΢𣬽еƻ룬һݸŵ˵ʲô飬˵ɡ


149 ڵ
ŵҧһݹƻ˵ģ⼸죬Щ鷳Ҳ֡
ǰûкŮӴ򽻵ľ顣
ʱ䣬ദĹУٻһĵá
еֶκ͵ƣòҪһó
Ҫƽ޹ʵó
ŵ˽⣬ϴξ֪Ҫʲôʫ
Ե޹ʵ͸´Ҳδؼǵĺá
ʱһ֡
ڲõˡ
һЦɫ
ǰ׾дģȻҲдˣ˿ڵļѾ䣬ȴӺͷϡ
Ϊ˿ԼŮˣȻʵ۵ӡ
Ǵ󲻾
׶ûɻ
ȴû¡
˵ʫڹǻʼҹµŮܳĹСں󹬳˵òھ󹬣Ҳûʲô⡣
Щ꣬Ļʵ۱ĳӣҲʮˣһƽϡ
⡣
ʫ⡣
ɫ
ʫΪдģμ˺ͷ˸á
ֱŵ˵ԭί۾ûдӻƿ˵İɣһȥ졭
ȻΪ˷ˡ
ʫķϣһҲ޷
Ƭ̺ŵ̲߳
СС
Ȼֻշޣŵ˽⣬֮ϡ
Ľ֮⣬úһ
ӣܸж
׼һʲôпܴӦ
˵ŵҲûʲôֵҪֻһˡ
Щ֮ԸвˣǾˡ
Ǿǿ󵽵ûˡ
ŵ޹ְ飬뻹иͷݣʺϳ档
̲÷֮ڡ
ѾûὫǷǽϣԽԽϲ
һλŮ߽
ȻǴ֮÷칫Ҫصη
ͷ˿˵Ȼ㿴ô
ȻߵߣǽǷʵүİɣ
΢΢һ㶣ʵô֪
ȻЦ˵һЦɫȻܻ˲٣ʫֻүдó
ŻϵǾʫϵıЩԻ
ʫдĺܺá
ҲƯ
ƯϤ
ϤΪԼдġ
һۿȥдģֻϸ֮£ܿһ΢СĲ졣
ʫֻԶѣʵʫܺ𣿡
Ȼͷ
Ҫдˣֱдʲôĵ³˵ġ
κΣдΪˣҶҪдһ첻ˣ˼ķ񡭡ȻûֱдòȻḡֳ˵
ʵ۵ӣеŮǹŮǾϸѡŮʲôˣֻҪһЦúеˣȻʧɫ
ɫһͱȹǧ䡣
ڴʵμ˺ͷأ
ȻȻֻʫд˶ԣףһѷɫ
ųӲõЦݡ
Ƭ̺һȺ̲߳
µƤԣһʱ䱻̲׽ù鰸
ȸ߸ߵ̧£ſڣƤǵĲҽ˷
̻ͰգԶԶվһΧۡ
⼸շ飬ǶĿá
Ϊʧȥ˱ӻҷҳַᲽ֮ǰЩ¥ַĺ󳾡
û뵽黹зת
ЩƤɲͨƤְԡ
ô˵Ҳӽ£ǻһУҪб
ûбƤͱٸˡ
ЩƤһСɡ
ЩɱҲ֧֡
ѹεǮƣһ󲿷֣ҪТĴġ
Щݣȥ飬ҲǴ͡
Щûбĵ̣ÿ͢˰⣬ö⽻Ǿ޶Ĳˮѡ
ǲÿչŰһʲô˵ʲôҲŵÿ˲ҹˡ
Щ̣ҪôЪҵҪôͼתá
С̻ЩԾӡ
ЩƽŰĶƤſʹİʹ
Ҳûб
ЩƤöҹܵġ
¥ָһ裬л¡
˰֣˵ûʲôлģⱾӦ飬Ҫллˣ㻹Ǳлˡ
μӦúúøл
ھıɷŮ˹
θʱ򣬿ŵμڵ١
μˣĻ
ġ
ǿŵģ浯٣Ҳûš
û뵽ôٵġ

ܵ˽֮
ôõ
һֱΪŵЩӣڼù鱸ƾ٣ûʱ̲
ûʱֻ̲û˼̲ˡ
Բ𣬴ˡ
תߣߵʱһ۴ķ
һӡ

ڶ죬ŵ̲
·ȥ󣬵֪飬Ͱˡ
ȥθӦþǺ˵ġ
ֻȥĲʱ
ʱŵ÷˰æסˡ
ûѧ١
ԼʫǺܸȤġ
ֻŽһͽˡ
ŵ¶ģ´ٽӵٵʱһҪš
ûŵڣʵǷչһˣ
ŵʵʲôһ
һۣ˵װͿʵμˡ
Ȼ飬Ƚ˽ܣûʲôġ
ϾҲǵһˡ
Ϊľʦӵĸ飬Ҳܽչô졣
ŵ֪˵Ǭʵǣ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ
һ£Ҳǰ˷ѵģǣѾճϰˡ
һ·飬ĻҪࡣ
ĬƬ̣ʵ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷҡҡͷ
ˣûȫס
Ϊֻһ⣬ڽ档
üʲô˼
ŵô˵ء
Ƭ̺ǿһЦݣ˵ϲףǰúϣӡ
ףǿǿ
Ϊﱾͺǿ
ʵһ£ĵʱǻ̲ס롣
μĲϲԺ᲻ѽ
츳ôߣŵû츳ϲҲ
μ˲ϲͦϲġ
˶û츳
޷ҵġ
˵һأʱܴϲ顣
μˣҲ
˿һ鰸һУһһʰһ֣һɢǰ
ʲͬ⣬Ǿ˽ٻ
ʱ򸸻ʲͬҲͬ⡣
ʵƻˡ
ƻϲϱ仯
ȻЩڣûϹʲôأ
ҲǣμҲǡ
ŵЦЦ˵ʵߵڣлл㡭


150 ˷

̲
ϣơ
ŵ棬ĵתϵֽ
μƤĿġ
𲻵á
ҲӲ˶Ϊ
룬ʵӦòֹ⼸Ʀ̲ǰΪʲôܣ
ƳһۣΪǵĶå𣿡
ΪС̲ÿ궼ҪȱһаŮƦְԡ
Щץġ
һ֣ЩȨģΪľǰǸһЩù顣
ǰҲŽȫ塣
ǣȨڳһ̲ȥ
Ȼ
ڳϣûжٻȨ
ŵû뵽Ȼ顣
ŵһ˵ߡ
ɻ
ŵҴС
ǰ۸Ϊû
˵ʲôҲҪΪһسӡ
Ƭ̺վڴǰŵʲô
ŵ֪ˡ
߽£һ÷ǰ̨ϣȥЩġ

֡
߹ȥ̧ͷһۣŵôˣ
ŵҸе£ô
ﱧһµѣӰʵʵվ˵͵ǲʱԷɲܰˡ
ʵôȥ
æ񣬱һ
Ƭ̺λµĹԱ÷߳
ŵ߽ȥ
ó˵˺üʱȺ˰ɡ
еľڣƵŵǰ˵Ҳʣ͹Ȱɡ
ȫŵĶӡ
촽˶ջû˵ʲô
żɽʵ£ʲô£
ŵиѣڳһҵ̣һЩƦϡ
ʵѣ
ŵѡ
һۡ
ʵȻأ
ŵҺͰãӦúúһЩ޷Ʀһ徻Ͱ̲̫ܲ
˵ͷʣһֽд˼䡣
֮ŵ뿪¡
Уһ顣
һݹڳγƦԵһ֪ͨɴ߷Ժ·дӡ£̲õ֣ǶȨ
ܸп
һĵ޷ķ㡣
һΣմŵĹ⡣
£÷֮ڡ
°ͣ˵ŵͰߵĺܽ
豭û˵ʲôϿ˵ѣ˵ϧ˺ô˼ģ챾ٸһѹ

һ£һۡ
Ϊ̲ץ˼µƤſڳͽһȥˡ
ֱڶգã̲ʹµˣץ˵ʱǲʶ飬ƺŸոտʼ
һЩƦåΪҪԱСɣȫץ˴Ρ
ЩɢƤҲһûзŹ
һΣǴֱЩڶһرж
Ƥ¡
ڶ죬¾ĵƦ
ɵҲܿеԵɡ
Ժ˭Ҫٸ˵˹ŵ׵ģŰ֡
ЩƦ͢һֱһֻ۱һֻۡ
ΪǱǣܶ۸ӵ档
һΣΪ˵ĴƤҵܵ˾޴Ĵ
ǱȨҲܵǣ
̲
ŵ߽÷̾Ϣ˵̡̣
˳ЩƦѾ˳ϣ鵽һЩȨӵܡ
ȴû취дʵ̡
飬ΰԴĵɷУҲͽ̶̼ѣﲻ
ЩȨԣֻҪﲻӰƽ
Դϰߣ⼸̫꣬顣
ŵֻЩźʵжջС
ȥһĵѾȫ˻
ˣкܶ฻ࡣ
ǣץˣƦˣ֮һôɾûôˡ
ٴʱſڣΧ˲ˡ
Ůӹڵϣİ
ҹݺ㣬ǴˣǼ˽ɣ
ǹϣԭǰɣ

ҹݺĿǣ˵ôã벻ؼʱȻǣ߰ɣȥǵ¥Ժ̫Сݲλ
ŮǣˣҲһߡ
˴ǮŽ˻û뵽ѵʱǺԥľȥ˾
֪󲻺ǣĺ£
Ůһֻܵͷ뿪
ʱ
Ժ
һĸˣλոմĻ˰֣˵ˣȻǲҪ㣬ӴԺԺˣʱֲûǮ
Ϊַ֮һԺ¥ɽޱǿ󣬸ںһСС
ǱҪǻǲԸġ
ҲΪС£Ժ鷳
ǡ
ŮӹӦһصԼС¥ϷʱǹһĨײЦ⡣
¥
긾Ҳôġ
˻֣˵ˣطȥɣҪͲҪССǰ;
ĻǣûҪ˻ӣԼʧѾˡ
Ҳ˵ͷ
ˣҲԸĶӡ
벻׵ǣȻ˵ļɵĶӣΪʲôҪȥĻȥԵͼǿ󡭡
뷨ʵġ
ĵɻ󣬻صԼķ䡣
Ϸţתʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ǰһӰʵ˭
˿Ц·ˡ
Ůɫ䡣
Ҫתţȴָš
ţһĽ
ľԷǵľǿߣ
ɫ԰ףڡ
ȵȣ
ʲôԹ𣿡
˭ģ󣬻Ժ
ǸӣҿԸ˫
ˣҪӣҶԸ㣡

ôҲûлӦ
ֱսӣǰڰʱŮʶʲôӺмôˣԭǴûд㡭Źң


151 ̬
ŵո߽󣬾ͱһȺݺݺΧˡ
ӣ
ӣȲ裡
ȥз˽㡣
ŵ˴ӵ£йΪˮйΪ磬߳Ůӵ
ؼǣÿõҲͬζҲͬ
ͬζһǺŵֱԣҺ÷˳֣Ž˳
¥
˷˵ķ䣬ŵʱʱĿ¡
˷Ĵ˼ıЩε˵ٴҲʱҶܲˡ
һˮ˵ȵˮɣȵˮһЩ
ŵӹˮˮ˿˿ģƺǼ˷ۡ
±ʱŵֱڴһЩĺɫۼΪණõǰ˿
ʶʲôӹˮ˵ūõˮСմһЩ֬Ļһ±ӹ
ŵ˿˺촽һ̾ƿߣ˰֣˵ˣҸоЩˡ
ҪһӣԵһֵ˵ġ
ŵûм⣬ʵЩˣ⼸컹Ϊ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ûˣߵӢӢҪͻҲûգַıѾǿڹӵϡ
ŵܼҲˡ
Ժ¥ȷͨ졣
ͨȨ󻹺ãһȺҲǺ͸ƽ
ң
ԺĲҵ
¥ͺǧ˿Ƶϵ
ǵµĳӡ
ڳϣҲиٹ̵
ǣʵȨҪһߡ
ǻòѾŵˡ
ҹݺţ߽˵ղ¥ˣǧƱ˵ǵƹ񲻶£ЩӣǸġ
ǧ¥̬ȣȷʵѾŵĺܵˡ
˳˳䣬˵飬¥ĻĴҲ֪飬Ҳûʲô̫ʧӣ͵Ϊֹòã
ŵҲһҪͻĵס
ĿЩȨ󣬵ֻҪڣһʱЩȨҲû취
ʱſٴδŲ
˿ŵķˣҾ֪
ŵôˣ
¥һ׮ȥȥ㲻ȥȥˡ
£Ƴ˷һۣԹԵȥ
ŵܿ¥
ַͬ¥ȣֻݡ
ֻһԺӵĶС¥
¥ԳƵ԰ˣռθ
԰֮ڣ̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽӦоС
һСȽˮСͤ׺С
񣬵죬һںϳ
һС¥֮ڣһðײʬ塣
Ӱײ°͹һŮӡ
ƿײŵһۣͫ΢΢һ
ˣȻ¥ƹ
Ҳв˵λŮӡ
ıʹŤԵպۡ
ϣһײ
һ̾˿˵ֻһûע⣬ƹڷԾˣô벻ء
һߵľֿ˿ײ˵ɱǱȻٵȥġ
鰸ߵǱϵɱֵܷġ
˵ӵ֣αֳַ׾ӣǲ鰸ֶܿ
߾պۼϸײճġ
ײҵλãҲڸˡ
ŮӵߣڷϣȲӡ
ˣΪɱ
ֿǹڸǣ߲ɱ
һŵ
ŵҡҡͷֲֳ
һʣǰûʲôҡ
ʱߵŵǰ˵ӣƹ֪ķ˹Ůˣðµ֪֮ǰѾѵˣΪѡԾ˽ġ
üҲ˵ˣԾ
Ц¿ǿˡ
һ㶣ƺʲô
¥볤ãҪȾ̲һЩ
Ǳʱûѡ񳤰ãѡ̲
Ϊ֪̲İӣŵ
ĻʵѾ˵ĺˡ
Ǻڱ̬ȡ
ƹΪ󣬺֪顣
Ϊ飬ŵȷе˵ǲ
ƹǺĽҲǸŵĽ
ӣǿġ
ʱֵһĲӣ˵¥ƹȴû뵽ȴ˵µл˿ڷΪ潵⣬Щ겻֪˶Ůӣʵ񼫣ҲǸող鵽Щ飬뽫Щ֤ٸģҲп֪ϢηɱҪȫʬӾأ
ŵ˿Ҳˡ
ƹ֮ԻΪҪ
ɶҺˡ
Ҳһˣ֪ܲе⡣
ƹЩ飬ƹһ˵˼
Ѿˣ飬ҲӦõΪֹ
¥ǲӡ
Ѿӣӣͱˡ
ȨȦеǱ
Ȼŵܲϲֹ
ⲻܹ׸ıġ
ú̲
߽÷ŵ棬˵ȥˣƹЩ֤ģɴõĻضᱻնףҲ๼
˶һۣ鶼Щơ
ƹǸվڷҵĽǶȣô
Ϻܶ飬ܹġ
ʱֿŵһۣ˵Է˿İΪã̲ϴ£˶æǰæü죬¥ƹЩΪ׬ӣΪ󣬺Ȼô׵ӽ󣬳Ӧûٸ۸ˣ÷˰ɡ
ŵĿȷʵѾﵽˡ
Ȼ̲Ҫġ
뵽ԼΪ˷æǰæƣٴε㡭
ŵҸ㻭һµĻ
ʵղҪ˵ʲô
ҡҡͷ˵ûʲô


152 
¥ƹķ粨ǳƽ
̫˵Ԥϡ
¥ƹΪ£нʮꡣ
ʮһ¥֪Ϊ׬˶ӡ
ϣ˵źıǩ
ΪǳһЩȨ󣬻ǳеƷµĹԱҲøֱ档
źЩ꣬¿ν޼ɵ
һЩСַ¥òһλĹܿͻᱻߡ
ϵģֻһʱ䣬ԷĹƹ𱣬ͻĪʧ٣Ӵʧǵߡ
˭Ҳû뵽ľȻƹ
еһЩ飬˾֪
¥ˣνϡ
Ȼʹ֮ӵĴԱ֤Ǽ٣СģԺҲֻСС̽
¥ãֱ
ǲƤкÿյңϿˣû취⡣
¥ƹ񣬻Ҫü͵ļ۸񣬱ȷ˹ת
֮ǰĪһһɳ˳Ƥк
ֱӳ֣ҲʵǵĹϵ
󱳺ҡ
¥ıǺ
˶ڵſϷ
˭Ҳû뵽ȻǺò
¥ôɭϣʲôڴ죬ԽǱƹķ䣬ɱְ֮Ȼȥûбκ˷֡
Уƹɱӡ
ԸΪͻ
ǳĻӣҪǳ֣Ĩƽһ¥¡
գֻ֪Ȩͨ飬ŶȨ˸Ϊ֪
пܼ̳лλĻӣɱʮţͷò
һȨһֶֻù

һӰüͷ̤һ
溮ޱȣ֮ڣȴů쳣
ṫѵϵĴ멣Ůֽӹ
˿ŽϵһӰüʵɱƹʲôΪôãûйҲпͣ涼˵ⲻǶǺ𣿡
֮ϣһӴķŮ˵ҲֻǲԸ¥ƹ˭ܵһֻ֪ôҲ֪游жô
ṫϵʧ֮ɫ
л³ӵģ
ʲôʱһ
˰֣ûԼĴ멣ɸֵˣˣǵģôôһĸ
뿪ʱһλԱԱ΢΢ҲԵı˱ȭ
Ա߽ӴŮ֮󣬲Ц˵֮ˣ
Աûϵ֮˵£Щļˡ
üһΪ©
Ա⼸ڣ֣ˣޣ³̫ƵЩҵ˻
ΪȻ˵֣ǱСɱģڵ֣֮Ķӣɱһʲô𣿡
ϿȻûʲô⡣
֣˰ץ
һЩ¶ڣΪ˲ȣֶʧһλʿ
ӣ㱻ĶӲߡ
һΣǺֱء
һʧʮĲ֣һ
ļ˵֮ĵӻ̫Сˣľڣ٣ֻйִҲǰˣ˵ģҲ֪ܲ
Աû˵ʲô
ˣȻġ
Ϲϵûס
˵»ǲҪٳˣ֮ӣһֱ̲Уٷһ֣˴永ҵĻʲôʧ
ЦٴܴĹҲûùҲʲôûз𣿡
ΪȻһЦ˵Ƕ˵ǴˣôѡĴѵ֮Уѡ˭ѡ˵ϻ۾ףҹͽѡ
Ա̾
ûбѡԭ
Ҳλһÿ˵ı󣬶иվ̨ҲͲ˵ˡ
Щֱ˵
üͷֻܵˣӦ㣬ڲٳ֣ͷİɣ飬ˮ©ʲôʧģһţûһˡ
뵽һ£ʵˣӣҪҪǵ
أ¹پãû£ң¹ٵͬ磬պҲչ鼺ãʱ䣬¹ٻ취ߵġ
Ǿİɡ


ԱСۡ
Ǽ˵𣿡
ļ£
¥ƹˡ
û뵽Ȼò
ǲΪһССƹ񣬵˰ɡ
빿ƹԺӣЩ˵ۣ¶ۼ뿪
һ÷ˣӳȡһױʳд¼
Щ֮ϣд֡
λһֱһλԱľڡ
һۡ
֮󣬽ְλıһᣬԼ˲顣
һ飬һߡ
λĺĶ˾Уɡ
һΣ֣ˡʱλƷԱйСʧ̬
Ժֲ˲飬λ֣˵ĹԱζֱ
Ƕ
֮£ĹԱ¼͵͵дһݡ
һصĵ飬Щ꣬ЩĶԱλڷ
Ϊ˰ӣ͢ҵģбԼСɱģδС׹ģгԺ౻ⶾġ
Щ˵ǧٹ֣ûһظġ
ЩУɢἰ˼ڹŮٵ֡
һλ޵ģڹƲء
ԺӸոչעû͵֪ˣҵԵĵɱڼ
һλŮ٣ڹϣǰƹڹӵؼ·Ϊ¥ƹ
Ҳˡ
Щ˵ѵֻɺϣ
Ժãƺһܡ
Ȼڻ֪ʲôãܷٷƣͿˡ
ȻλȨأͬ磬ֻ
ԼˣҪԼﰡ
¡
һ߽˵ˣ¥ƹˣӦǺֵģʣҪڴͷˡ
ܲµô
Ȩ죬õͷΪ˸ҪԼš
뿪֮һѾȡһֽ㣬֣Ȧ
ԿֽϣѾ֣˺Ȧ
¶Ȥı飬ʣļ֣ĺ֣ˡޣһֵ˭ˣ


153 ķ
θ
μ˽֦÷ڻƿУŵ˹ôˣ
ŵڿ飬̧ͷѾˡ
Ϊֳķ粨С
ƤְԱרΣ¥ƹҲĴۣ󲻽һʱ֮Σ֮ҲõĻᷢƵ顣
òױٵҥְæһ
εͷ׵ˡ
ŵûʲôЩҥԣѾӰӵĸ顣
Է˵˵Ǻ»ǻ¡
Ժ϶ûٸˣϣҲˡ֮ӵŮˡıǩûĸ˸ҽӽ
Ժ޲ȥԹ
˵ˣ˱㵽
ﱧһƿ廨߽䣬μ˵ι˼кܶҪæֱпչ
ιǽӻ滭ġ
뻨տƺ޹ϵʵϵܡ
ǰģѻƿ˭ᣬôѡģôֹͼɫô䣬Ҫѵ㣬κһǷȱĻײࡣ
˵ŵӴûⷽڴ
΢մȾһЩϢȻ͸ˡ
Ժ߸㣬ͤУڸμ˽滭ɫʵĵ䣬ŵվԶĿǡ
ͬ򣬵Ŀ
һסˡθΪ˳ž㣬ÿ춼ڸǻҪһʫеļ˳ʲôӡ
һˡ÷ʤ
˶гһ֮ƣʫʵļӳɡ
ǵòȻŮҲǰμģ޵һ޵ڶòʵҲһ
˵ǳһˣ˿϶ԳƳһˣҲл˵ŮҲ
ͬˣһλѧƷļӳɣһλ֪̾ˡ
ʩؼѾؼؼǺϵĴŮǸŮӣضȴûһ֡
һ£Ʒͱ˾ء
֮ǰĻѡҲһĵ
ϧڡ
ŵǷҫƵĹ÷۵λãÿһ÷µ̲һ۾ܿ
Աǵʵܿû¾ϲһġ
һʮʮ٣һЦɫİòʵ֪
ʱſڴһŲ
ŵתͷһۣĵ컹³ɡ
ŵµģĿƳһԺڵСͤ΢΢һ㶡
ô
μ˵Цģźӡ
ΪǷܺ棬뾡취ֹ๫ͷ˽Ӵã˶ˣ
ŵʵа𣿡
鱾ƣ˸ˣûûӾͲĽֲ㡭
Ľȷϲ
ΪԸЩɵϷ
ͤеķ˺μˣʵڸʲô
ŵȥ֪ˡ
Ƴһۣ߹ȥվš
ŵץһѹӣڿڿ
Ůվһ𣬿ֻл͵
ܸõܡ
廨ˡ
λˣĸǧһгãĿĻ档
ϧС
ŵ룬߻ط䣬ֽܿϹճ
ˣŲ˷ѵԭ򣬳ûʧЧ罫ղŵõ
һ߽ϻδɵĻһۣʵ㻭ʲô
ŵģ㻭
ԺڵͤУμĺͷѧϰɫʵ䡣
ԣֳ°ͣŵʱ¶ݡ
ŵһۣʵôˣ㿴ź̫İ
һۣ˵Ƕ㣡
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ôˣ
ǺõĲˡ
ǻʫģôֵֹˣ
ĿԹ
Ƭ̺ŵ±ʣһ
ǻʫ⡣
ΪҵĹǰڳĴڸвߡ
⼸꣬һֱ̲Уһ߻㣬ÿ󰸲鰸̲͹һߡ
̲ĹԼвֹԱ⣬֪飬ǰʱţǶ֪ôһ
͵ʵ޻⼸
һ׸ߴȵʫʣܹں̵ܶʱ֮ڣ
μ˺ͽ˭ǳһˣдȶ
͢һˣǰĪ
òؼģʶǶеĶ
һ㣬̲ĹԱ׾ܵõ֤
𽥵ģ˽λͬʱ˲Ϊ
ŮӺϣУμΪĳλ֮ӵˣҲû˸Ҷ˼
ΨаǴĵ״̬
۶ȣ׽ǵߡ
ЩŶһôһλ
ʮĹ˵Ӧóˡ
ŵʮɻġ
ˣʮ꺢Ӷ˺üˡ
˵ѾΪѡʵ˴ĵһЩԹ⣬һЩҵĻӣҲ¶ҪʹĽ׵˼
Թŵһʱ侹Զԡ
˵ʫԼҪģҪ֣Ҳֵܹϡ
Ƴһۣ˵Ҳܣǳ鷳ҽ
Ϊй֮ǰľڶȡ֣ŵʵͦӦģϰΪĸо
ܵأܹܵõޣ
ʮ飬˵㡣
˶ʮһ꣬Ҳǻƻ
ÿ뷨ͬǵ
ŵʵôģ
ʲôô룿
ŵʵô˵ҲѾʮˣ˳´λҪԣԼûʲôʱף
תͷ˿棬˵ٵȵȡ
ŵɻʲô
һۣûŭҵʲô


154 Ļ
Īıһ٣ŵʾ޹
д󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣʲô취
Ҹɣ񲿰µĹԱץȥúôôܺԼ飬ϹĹĻ£
˼񲿾ǸЩģٰ칫Ļ£ǵְڡ
ŵҲûԤֹҴ¡
˵ˣиȨ㳯Ұĸ֮⣬ʲô
˸ףʲôǡ
뵽ԺҪˣŵﻹЩζ
Ȼ㲻ζû
ǱϾйӡˡ
ŵ˼ǧʱָӣָ˵еطĲԡ
ŵ˻
滭𣬾˵Ĳԣ
ŵʵﲻԣ
ָָϵķ˺΢΢ͦͦأʵ㻭Ķ𣿡
ŵûʲôԡ
ͦصĶָ
ŵ壬Ȼͷ֣Щϸϣȷûдá
ǵˣһ⡣
˳ͬһЩϸھ͵עˡ
磬ǰĻȣҪȷ˴һģȻ࣬Ǵ
һص㣬ŵڻûֳ
ûֳʵ˵ĻȻҪһЩ
ͺʵˣҺŵֻεڸĻü
ŵݸţֽ¨
ȡһµֽܿٴιճǵߡ
˿ǰߣĵ˵ͷת뿪䡣
ŵһС۾Щᣬ߳䣬ɷ۾
Ȼͤкͷѧϰ滭
ĽԺ
ѧûʲôÿģŵվһ߿۾Ľ࣬ң¡
һ۱֮󣬾۾ܶˡ
ŵص䣬
ӵʱŵһԥһҲһ㻡ȡ
ʵе㶫ģǲʱƽʱŽأԿôɽ¶ˮ
ˣͷԼ̫Զ
һʣ̫ˡ
õӲ̫ãͷˣͬʣŵԼ
ڶ죬ųţûȥֱ̲¡
ŵԽԽףΪʲôЩٶǣϲƴˡ
Ϊ飬һ뵽ҲǸס
飬Լûʲôð취
ŵ߽÷ʱںʹ塣
Χŵֻ˵㲻ϾͨƽʱĽһ㶼塣
һ壬һʵҲģʲô飬˵ɡ
ŵվһߣ˵£Ҳż
һ֣ŵʵ˵͢Ҫѡ
˵ͷ˵Ҳ˵˰ʱĿ죬ǰ껹ڵһת۾ʮˣҲøѡˡ
ŵһ˵˵ˣڻˡ
΢΢һ㶣ʵˣΪʲôҪ˵

ŵѣҰ취
ҡҡͷ˵ڵң޲ˣҲɲʮ֮ǰѡѾˣѾⶨѡһγ֮ϣӦþͻἰ
ĵĹڵʻ֮ûָһⶨһ
񲿻䣬Ʒеȣѡλѡˣڳ߸̣ɱյһλ
ŵ˵ʲôǵѡֱ˵񲿽˵ּȥˡ
ǲϹصģΪ˰ԺҸֳģҲΪһΡ
ŵ˵ٵȵȡ
ɻʵʲô
ŵҡҡͷ֪
仰ű׵ġ
ֻԭⲻתĻ
ʱ˵ͷ˵֪ˣȻȥɡ
׾ûдô⣬ŵԼ˼뿪
ŵ뿪֮󣬴°ͣ૵ɻ飬ô˵°ɣ
δ˵꣬Լҡҡͷ˵Ѿɻˣû취˵Ҳűأ˵ýаùãӦˡ

ʹ
г֮ϡ
յĳᣬѾá
ڼ֮ǿƾ٣ʱǳ͢æʱҪڼǰͽ꾡˰źá
Ҫ߳һߡӣ˵ʮˣ˻֮䣬񲿳ⶨλ׼¡
֮ԿʮţƷأТмΡ
Ĺݴѧʿ֮Ե£ʮˣ˼ڣ䲢С
̫֮κԽʮߣغƷòš

͢ѡʱڲòƷУһҪѡģǳٻӵеῡܡ
Щ׼Ϣʵλ׼λˣʲô飿
Ȼô˵һԣֻ߸̡
ѡ񲿾ѡģʲô⡣
ʱ򷴶ԣǺ׼ļ𣬾ǹ񲿵鷳
˷ԣٴοڣȻ
顣
ǰһӰ߳
ɼˣ΢΢һҪѿڶĻ˻ȥ
ϵԱҲĿ
ɺ˶Сĵʵ뽲
֮ˣСеľΪǷҲѵһŮӣѡ׼ȻҲῡܣȴ֮Զ䲻ݣǲʾί˹Ҳ˻ʼҡ
񲿼λԱ˳˼
仰˵е
ѵڳϽ
ŮӣҲü˰μҵŮ㲻ŮӣҲ޸ˣô˹㷴˫
ɸҪڣĿһɨһλԱʵλΪأ
ǹԱһ˵λˣȴ̿ڵ֮
Ŀ⣬һŹԱɨ
Ŀ˷׷׿ڡ
˵öԡ
񲿵ѡ̫ˡ
Щѡ䲻ϰ

һ˷ԣ񲿻ӡ
һȺ˷ԣǴͷԣֻܻȥѡ
һγᣬʮ֮
һ飬ʮ졣
̾˿ֻܵȻô˷ԣ񲿻ⶨһ


155 
ѡļλ׼ˡ
ĹЮ֮£һЩԱҲòվγ˷Եľ档
һ㣬ͱ˲ͬ
бȨһЩԱšһ
¹飬С壬һͬԺ֧֡
塣
Ŀͣ˭ϣ˭͵ø
ҪȻ˶ãǸλÿܾͻỻһˡ
ееͲԱԴѾϰߡ
飬ֲش棬֪ʲô
ޣǻҵļ£һˣûɵĺӸԤܲð¼ԼĶӰɣ
ǰʱ䣬ЩӺͰĴԡ
˵ĵĹȷ㡣
Թû취ˡ
ĵûƣ֮;ס
Ͼǻʼҵݣڿ˵ʱҲᶮʡ
Ȩƣںһ׹ݵݡ
˵ĶѾˣȨ죬ҵĹҲܸ檡
Ӻԭ룬ֻԭ檡
˭Ҳ֪ôģΪķԣ飬ֻʱ

ŵθ̲ȥ
·ʱƿһۡ
ߵĵ̣Ѿʼˡ
ܲ˵ǰԱߵҲ׼ѵһ¡
ԽԽ֮ǰĿռЩá
̲ܿͣǰ
ĩ̲˵ľڣҲ
İǻѹ꣬ӰطԱˡ
ŵȻҲû˷ʱÿ춼̲תһת
ƾ׼ĲˣССǲڻ¡
̲֮ŵǶһС֣Ͼ͵ԼˣԼͲˡ
ȻԼλã
ʽΪ̲Ա֮ǰʱ벻ġ
̲ľڣӡȣҪù
һЩܲʱںŸ衣
ȷܺá
ĳ֮ϣѡֱˡ
һξǴ󳯻ᣬ󳯻ϣصĹԱҪְַʱ䱾ͽţ϶顣
һ飬һ¡
˿ŵ¶֮ɫ
Լ飬Ƿϵġ
żҲЩССʧ䡣
Ļ£ʲʡ
ʵ涼
˵ĸףȴվڳ͢ؼҹصĶ棬η
ôȻΪ
ĸףĺá
ֲҪҲ
ܿ죬ֺ
ӡ
Ķӳ
һġ
ӻȡһƻ룬ݸŵһ룬ʵӣôˣ
ŵҧһƻ˵ͦõġ
Ƴһۣʵҵ˼ǣǵĹϵûиĽչ
ŵҡҡͷ
ȻӵĹϵһֱǢ֮ǰĽȣûٸһ
Ѿͬ˯һӣٽһһˡ
䵽һ䡣
Ӵµϡ
ӵһӡ
ûӴǣֳΪϡƽ飬§٣ҲϰΪޱȻ
𼸸ǰ˻İһĽչѾˡ
ദôõʱ䣬ʲôʱʲôŵд
ŮӵģҲ˵ȫʵʲô𣿡
ŵţǺεġ
ϴΣϤķϿҽ飬ӵ˼ûôᶨ˵ĹϵҲĽչ
ŵƿߣ˰֣˵ûУʲô飬ɡ

ʱ£ڽֵĳһոһ֡
ǡƾ֮꣬ݲμӿƾٵѧӣҲ½ִﳤ
ΪĹķԶݿɱȣܶ˵һ㱻Ŀķۡ
ŵӵ£һ
ȥȥʲôڵġ
񲿺֣ͬμӴĿҪǰһ£ȥ
Ĳſڣ˳ӡ
ĹԱ˵μӴȥࡣ
ҲԤ֮е顣
ƾٸĸԺ֮ͨѧΪΨһ;Ȼǧľš
ǴշѲͣȥĶʮӣǵڵһӣҲȻҪһ
Щӣǿѣ࿼ѣѣľѣгʹ÷ѣīֽϷѵȵȵȵȣŵҲ۸ʵǹס
һˣ˸ˡ
һͽЩƶѧӣ;֮⡣
УŵȻöźŶӡ
ʵԼνŵ鷳ˡ
ߵſڣһλԱϳӲĽ˽
Ƭ̺ŵůůУеĺŲ裬顣
ûһһΪе
ŵ˫ֽӹ˵л
λСЦЦ˵ӿˡ
ܱ֣߽ʵƾ׼ôˣ
ŵͨӦⲻ󡭡
ܶ࿴ۡ
ȻľȲƾ٣ҪҲһ㣬ҲҪյģÿһƣҪõϵۡ
ܺȻʵм֣
ŵ֮ǣһʮжһԻʮ壬һԻ𣬶ԻԻԻãԻڶ
ŵʵˣҪ𣿡
ܰ˰֣˵ˡ
ŵ˿
ʵͱ
¶һ䣬ҡ
ܿŵĿ΢졣
Ĵ滳ɣ񱳵ôӦҲùٹġ
ĻȻ㲻ϾѣӦԿƾٴ´ࡣ
ֵò˵ȫ̳츳Լ۷֮ʱҲȲ
治ĶӰ
֪뵽ʲôȻ̾˿
һЩЩ飬Ҳ
˲ʮĸףǽҲط롣
ˣԲģӦˡ
ӵԸЩ꣬һù
θ
սֶڶ£𶳵ͨС̧ͷŮӣ˵ʦ㣬䰡ǵȵůòã
Ůӵ˵ʲô䣬඼ԲˣһҲɾͣ׷Ľ
ں趯СϣҲֳЩ׷䡣
걻ѩǵɽʥŮ壬䣬ʲôڳԵĿ࣬ʮ֮һ
뵽ǸڷѩСŮУ·ʲô
ӣ˫С֣תʵ𣿡
оһůӿ壬ȫ¶ůģĵˣллʦ㣡
ŮӸԴϵѩ˵˾Ъһɡ
ҡҡͷ𽣣ᶨҲۣҪŬԺһҪĽ


156 Ŀ

ŵĿѾãʱֻҪעԼĸԺֱȥμӴˡ
ů֮ڡ
˲֪뵽ʲôĿմ豭ãȴʼûкһڡ
ȻһЩۼҲ˼ֳȣһ˵ȫεŮӶɱ
ʱҲŮӵɡ
ѹĸһ콾ᵹ׷
ŵĬƬ̣ڵܼ˵һЩĸ˵顭
μ΢΢һĿ
Ҳӻѣһڲ裬ʵ㶼֪ˣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ꡭ
ƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˰֣˵鲻㣬Һͼ˵ĸ׷ֿкܶԭ㲻Ϊ𡣡
ŵţȻҲΣ취عںá
飬ƺûô򵥡
Բ飬ŵҲûټˡ
Ƭ̺뿪
·ʱμ˴Ӻ˽ȥ
ĺԺһС԰Ƕ죬ҲͺĻ
ũҵĸ֮󣬺ܶ໨ļ
ѧϰյĹУΡ
ǲԿ˿ŵģѡʱŵͨһСţǰá
Ŀ˲٣඼ӵĴ磬ЩλϣЩվǽЩʵ·һ߿һƷͷ㡣
ǳЩ糾ʫʣСطдúá
ǰΪԼ¥ʵĸ֣˳֪ˣɽɽ
ֹ¥ʣڽͷһʫΪһͨʫ֮󣬷еÿһƪǾƷϣдŮд̶ֳȡ
ƪˡдãдˣ˵˶˲˵Ļ

Ļ⣬ЩдǽϣʹΪһ򿨵㣬˲ٵӡ
ŵ˿Ŀ߻غԺȻһ
̨㣡
һλ뿪λǰŵ˹֣˵л̨ϴγδл̨
ŵƣܿ
ϴ£˾ٱ㱻ץλˡ
˿ŵȻܸˣ䣬˵̨ϴβúл̨ظһлĻᡭ
ŵһϡ
λˣԻˣһѧӴ磬峺͸޴
ӣӦöǴصϿѧӡ
˵裬һ˵Ҿ̨һл̨ϴνΧ֮
ŵȲͲˣ֮ͣҳݡ
ǽڵĶСġ
Ҳ⣬Ц̨ǳʿɣҿʶЩٲ
ŵɺͳЩ顣
𳤰˵Ǹ˵һùٰȨ󲻱ȨӵһͬʣץǳƤģΪ˲ٺ¡
ŵ˳ǡ
Ӧøһ
ɵģȫˡ
˼ǳ͢٣ϣеơ
һ˵ϧĵĳ֮ϣĺù̫ˣЩӹµ֮мٳѳֳ
б£ΪʵۣľңȻȥ׷ʲôʷϵĻʲô𡭡
½ƲСϲ⣬񣬴ľȻһ購ľʵ˵İ
ҵܹˣһҪıЩ󣡡

ѧԽ˵Խ۵ϣ֮ɫ
ǲûз֣һЩˣĬĬŲŲΣһЩ롣
˿ŵʵ̨Ҳǽμӿƾ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ
˱ȭǾף̨ˡ
ŵͬȭ˵ҲףܿΡ
һ˿λˣ˵ǼҲֲ֣ϣнʿˣȻƺ˵㣬츳ܹĿƺɷ¿϶û⣬˵и״Ԫ״Ԫ
ŵˣԽŲһ١
λѧӣʵ̨ܹĿ
ֲ֣ѧǫ˵Ŀˣ±飬ȷǱȳ˿һЩһ࿴飬ܼǸ˾ųɡ
ĿڿƾУŵơ
Ʋ˵ӲĿĿֻҪȫ죬״Ԫֱ̽ȡ
ƿ鷨滭ɷ¡
ƾٵɷԣҲӲĿĿֻҪɷ飬˼άжͲ׳ʲô©
ȻȫҲռٷ֮ʮкܶĿǴӵ伮ѡȡһһΣÿ
Ҫóúãȵ֪ԭ˼
ĿǰŵȻץ˲ˣµȻûв㣬ڷ俴Ǹʲôس
Ŀ϶㡣
ʧЧЧΧڱµݣǲʧЧġ
ŵλѧӣʵ֣һʣ֪֣סȲ衣
ֲ֣Цסջʱ̨ݡ
ȵλĵ̨뿪Էϴû֣ղҲʡ
ˣ´κȲʱ˵ɡ
ںͷѧϰһвյŮӣŵûдţ˳á
úãܿŵпһ£С˵Ӻþò¹𣿡
ŵм£Ҫ˰æ
ܸʵʲʲô£
ŵȥջץһֲ֣ѧӣεڮٱ£á͢٣ץ죬úȰȰԺעԴǣЩҪǱɵˡ


157 
˼Ӻֲ֣ͺѻص齵Ŀջ
ʦдߣǵı
ǡüҲִ˳һȽϤĴתת
صջֲ֣Ϸţʼϰ鷨
ΪйĿ񼼣Ѱѧӣʡȥıйʱ佫ԼĿĿϡ
ƺƲǿͨƾ٣ƺǿֿҲУ黭һ㣬ͨɷֲ
εĿƾ٣־ڱصá
ֲ֣룬ǽʷ̨һֱɵʷ
游ʷֲ֣游޹գС˳Ϊʷ־
Ĵģĺƽʵ⻼
ⲿȺлţڲ»ӹ
֮ϣҪָ˵滰˵滰ֱ֮
飬飬飡
ֲ֣һƪӻûд꣬Ȼ˼ٵ
ļλѣôʧ
Īλ̨Ȳˣ
ֲ֣ߵſڣ򿪷ţûпλĵ̨ȴ˼λĲ졣
Ϊ׵Ĳʵֲ֣
ֲ֣ЩˣյĲûкøУܲ˵ңôˣ
¡
ǲһ£ֲ֣ͱһһҰס˼
ſֳĶĿˡ
ԵķУ߳ӰǰһĻһɫһ䣬ʵƾʲôץˣ
ǲһ˵ýӵٱ˶ιȻ£ﳯ͢٣´󲻾֮ץд𣿡
λԣ£ǰͦš
ҲˣǰҲץ߰ɣ
µ賯Ϊʲô˵
һ죬ѳֳͬ죬ٹĪη壬ʲô
ǿץǣܶס˵𣿡
ǲ쿴ǣЦһúúã֮ǰĲ֪٣£ڮسҿ׶ˡ
ЩСţӣ˼飬Ͳ֪ߵغˡ
ǳǵƧ
ǲ˵ġ
ЩҪǱ˾жԴ
˻֣˵ȫҴߣ

ͷ
ŵֱһƿǣӡ
һ·֮ϣμ˶ܳĬ
֪ǲΪĸˣӶӰ쵽
ӱϾΪԼһֱܴĸߣŵ飬ожٽ١
Ժ˻ΪķޣζһƲ⡣
ŵĬƬ̣ڵӡ
μ˵ţ
ŵֱ׵ʵĸ˵飬ǲڹң
μתͷҡͷûС
ʵǰȷֹ
ҹ˺ܾá
СʱЩûĺӣҲ룬Ϊʲô˶еֻеû
Ӽ˿е֪ΪĻ£ź͵ѣҳߣλδıɵ๫ȻЩ޵ġ
ԴѾϰߣҲ֪飬Ӧùһʱոճĺӡ
ڣȻܹˡ
ŵ˵˵ѣղųˣ㻹ǹҡ
μ΢΢һ㶣ٴεûС
Ĺôǣ֣˯ͬһŴͬһӣĬԼ٣֪߳װ֪Ľ
ŵ룬˵Ҳţǡ
μʵʲô
ŵСһ䡣
μɫһ죬ɿ֣첽߿
ú壬Ӻƭ
Ҫ
ӦŵĴܻΪ
ŵи̾
Ҫӵǣһ׵顣
ͺߡ
Ҳ֪ĸ˵ʹ󷽣Ŵȥˡ
ŵصθһ۷䣬ֲ֣ĻѾ˷ϡ
λѵĻ񣬺š
ͬǣֲ֣Ļģǰ
ֲ֣ܲܵĻʵŵûʮİա
Ҳ֪£鳯͢㲻㷨Ͽɵй涨ӽǶٶ˵㷨
Уֻ˶ڴ¿ˮʱٶ֡
ŵƿϣһ鼮
Щǿƾٿ漰ĵ伮
ŵ˱飬һҳɨһ֮󣬱۾һҳĴ󲿷ݣԺи֡
ֻǴԵɨһۣͼס˰ٷ֮ʮϵݡ
ŵ۾ͨһ顣
ٴα۾ʱнһҳеݣĸ
磬ǲȱŰ
ȻĿ
ŵпһ䣬һҳһҳķ顣
ɲֲ֣ץһʱ䣬ѿƾҪеĶȫһ飬ֵ˷
һŲ߽
ܵĻһѺ鼮ŵڿ飬ҵġʮһؿ֮һ
ǰʵʮĵôˣ
ŵտʼ
һ㶣տʼ
봺һ£ƾ£Ÿտʼʮ
ʱôд
ŵһҳһҳķ飬ʵô
ŵ˵ͷ˵ǰ
ʵôܼס
ŵܼס˾ųɰɡ
ܿŵе飬ʵΨϣΪܾԣܾԣܾ֮ԡһʲô
ŵ룬˵ܾ֮ԣܾ֮ԣܾ֮ԣ֮֮زӡ
¶𾪣ǸտʼѵһܹĿ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ҵҲܹĿ
ע⵽˵ˡҲ֡
Ȼ
治ӣ飬ͨȴҪʮٱŬ
Ѿֲ֣кһ鼮£˵ҵù鼮ʼǺע⣬ʱ䣬Կ
ŵлˡ
ʵЩ鼮㲻϶ô󣬵ƾٵע⣬ȴߺܶ·
ܿһۣת뿪
ŵ飬Ȼҳпհ״дע⡣
ܿЩ飬һҲûʲôˡ
Ŀʱޣŵ˷һֱǰ顣
μĶ棬ڿ˹ڻյıʼǡ
֪˶ãŵ̧ͷ˿ѾȫҲ֪ʲôʱˣ˿μˣ˵Ҫ˵Ļ˯ɡ
μûֻ̧ۣûϵҵ㡣
ŵֿһ̶ӣΪԼӰϢǺ飬˵ʱˣϢɡ
μ˵˵ͷߵǰ
ŵƽʱ˯棬ϴĴͷ
Щůһůѡ
ĳһ̣׼˯ʱһϣȻһĸо
һ֡
Ķܿ죬һ硣
ŵ΢΢һ㶡
Ȼ׵죬ȴ⣬׵ġ
תͷȥڵĵƻȻϨӵı顣
μѾ˱ӣŵС˵û㣬ܸ˰ɣ
ŵ룬˵Ҳţһ¡


158 Ϊ
峿
θ
ŵӴ˸
ôߣȻûҲû
ѾһܺõĿʼ
ǰɴ
˵һΣͻеڶΡ
һ׵´οܾǱĵط
׵ĶˣͻϰΪ
һõδŵ´ϴȻɨ顣
ʱ
á
ܴηĴţֲ֣˵ǿԻȥˣԺǵýУ´ٱץɾͲǹһҹôˡ
ֲ֣ˣΪ£ﳯ͢٣ץùһҹ
Ȼ˸Ǽӣʵѡ
ֲ֣ǰĹԱһʧ˵ΪǸù٣ԭҲһǸ֮
£ܲ㶼Цˣ˵Ǳ٣ƾ˵ЩϾ˽گߴµֻһ죬ûж̣Ƿ𱾹ˡ
ô˵˵ȴһЩ͡
Դ뿪Ժ֮жûпֳ嶯ˡ
á
η壬˵ʲô˵ʲôʲôʲô
δԶϣеҪɳһ춯صĴҵ
ȵ뿪Ժ볯͢ʼӴʵ֮Щ볯ͻ𽥱ĥ
ܵĻֲ֣ȴ飬ֲ֣ͦţ˵ʲôµģҵñ»ͷܻ𳯳֮ģ֣ĳֺη
£һεϢӿܵһƨڵϣ¶ã֮ɫ
ɫ䣬ԴƺԤϡ
һ̣һƵϢڳֲ֣֣˿ǰλ˵ӰȻޱȸߴ
ȻȻкȻ
ɫͬʱ˱仯Ĺࡣ
һҵ˵֪Ĺ޳ȻģضĻ£Ļյ
ֲַ֣ܽļϣģ˵㲻ûأ֪Ϊʲôļˣѣ˼ǵ㣬Ը𣿡
ֲ֣ԣһʱ͡
ܼ˵Ƿ˵˻£ٲֻۣжñڵԼпδ顭ѵ𣿡
˸ղŶ˵Ļмһˡ

۳ãҹԱ޳Ȼģһ
λ˵Ļںǡ
ܰ˵ļ˵ȥɣ֮£ɶĻԺҲ˵ˡ
ʱ˲߳á
ֲ֣ͷһۣ˵벻лĹԱĳãϣġ
һ˽ŵ˵еڻ̫Сˣʲô鶼ı䲻ˡ
ֲ֣ʵԺ󣬴޺Ϊ˴٣ҪЩʲô
ѧӵҪԿƾٽг׵ĸĸȡЩûõĿĿͿƾٵżеƶŵӣϣͨƾٸıԼˡ
һλ˵Ҫǵ˴٣һҪϳƶȣһɷƽȵĴġܣʲô
ѳеļһɨգΪǣĲűһƬֲ֣ǼϣУʲôģ
ֲ֣룬˵ģҶһĶϵı䷨ЩҴ壬ռ̫أǵӺܲùǷ֮꣬·Ҳ˶

ܱ֣վſڣ˵ӰԶȥ¶л֮ɫ
Ǽ˵ġ
ȻԼ
һıкͱ䷨ʼԱΪһҪ壬ڴ˻ϣŻһЩܼ顣
ֻ˵Щͬš
Ҳֲ֣һ
ᣬų뼤顣
Щеһ֣ʧȥ˵뼤飬˳õĻ
ҲһˣԶͣ˵ꡣ
ƾٸĸɷĸظơҲ˻źһ뷨Ҫƶһ׵ĸƣȴʧܶա
״Ԫ飬οǡ
ȵǸ֮󣬷ʮ꺮ֻΪڳĳȿֿ⣬ͻ֪ڵ뷨Ƕôɡ

θ
ŵոմû
ֲ֣ˣ챻һϾͷˡ
˵ŵΪĿ
ҲȷʵǣУӿڳ
Щѧӣ˽ⳤ
˵˲˵Ļп˵ġ
ã̲ڴ£ŵԸͨͨڡ
ץ˵ǽҲĪ
߻СԺʱŵԶԶĿԺһӰ
ŵɻӲ˵Ҫȥ
ΪȫʩչθᱻҪȥĿտ֮С
֪ڷʲô
ŵɻתڵһȥȫеϢ·û
ߵſڣڷȥĴѰӰʵʲô
ӰȻһȻعͷ¶֮ɫ
ŵ߽ӣɻ㲻˵ȥ𣿡
μ㶣ɤӣ˵Ͼߡ
ŵٴʵʲô
μҡҡͷ˵ûʲôһҲˡ
ŵĪǼˣ
Դϴε󣬼Ѿܾûжˡ
μûж˵ʲôҳȥˡ
Ե·ʱĽŲȻһ٣˵㵯һߡ
ŵߵԣҪ£кȻһָָԼ
μɻʲô
ŵƳһۣװɵ
΢΢˲μʶʲôɫһ죬иֳݵԥ֮󣬱Ѹײڶ֮ƣһ¡
ѵˮһ֡
ŵԭأʵƤһ¡
Ӿ㲻ףҲġ
û뵽ξȻӦôˬ졣
˵˵Ĺϵֽһ
˫ַҵʱŵȻЩԳ
ղһ̫ˣֻܵһ˲ģůůĸо
Ϊйԭ򣬱Уӵ£Ҫ΢һЩҲǱģղһǣŵȻЩů
ҸдĴ
ŵĲɵʵʲôӣ
μ˵㡣
ŵ룬һ滺ɣʼָת
һӰվ󣬿רעٵӣϸֳһ˿Цݡ
һգŵعͷʵҪҪףӣ
ڷ￴˿ߵԺûзӰ
ŵҡҡͷ૵Ҳ˵һ
ӲڼңҲģ룬ٴγţ̲ȥ
θһԺӡ
꼸齣ſϣѾõӰҧҧ趯еĳ
ʦ㲻֪ôˣȥһˣͱˣ˵ͣҲͣ¡


159 Բ֮
̲
Ŀϣű顣
Ҳ֪ƾܲܿУʱ˳Ľ̲Ͳ
Ҳǿְ
ʵǰһֱôġ
֪ʲôʱѾϰ̧۾ܿ
̾˿
֪ãǿƲסԼĵ뷨
ŵ߽÷ʵʲô𣿡
ҪڣһĴӡǹĻʧޱָָԼȻݹ
ŵʶʲô˲ɫϣ˵ĺɫӡǡ
ջʵƾ׼ôˣ
ŵС
Ƴһۡ
˶ڿ̿Ķ飬ϰգǽμ˵٣ȥй䣬һú׼ƾٵӡ
ʱ𴺿˵̲ˡ
ŵһۣ˵һƾ٣Ӽң׼ڶŮ˽棬һˣٵһꡭ
ŵΪʲôһң
ϰԵĶһۣ˵Щ㶼֪治֪ЩӶڸʲô㶼ƾϵľ𡭡
ŵûĹľ֡
ҵģʲô
£˵ʲô֣˵˵¡
ЩʵĻϢȥˣû뵽ŵһںһֱż
ûλѧӣ˵С͹Ŀκ鼮ֻҪһ۾ܼס״ԪĪݳһλʮѵһֵţҪֿ״ԪͬǣһĿܣҲ󶼻μһĿƾ٣нʿĳɼһδˡ
ʿǳɼƣơ
Ŀƾ٣ȡǰ¼ãǷ¼ȡͬ쿼ˮƽϢϢء
ͬ쿼ˮƽһ㣬ԼһЩҲиеĿܡ
ͬǿƼһЩϰˣʿĩλŲ
ʮǰһƾ٣ǵѶȡ
һƾ֮Уӿֳྪž޵ţ񻹱ǽֵ
һƾ٣ǡŷһӵܳ꣬ӿ֣ѶȻԶ
ŵĽ֪ͣá
һġ
״Ԫûʮգǰһ٣Ǻĵġ
ŵһνӣʵʵңнʿмɰգ
ŵҲûȿºڣҡҡͷ˵ô֪ǵͨ˵ɡ
ƾ飬ŵԼġ
ûʹЩ顣
磬ŵ̲صμҵʱѾˡ
˸ǰ飬ŵʱʱ̧ͷһۡ
μע⵽ŵĶʵôˣ
ŵͷ飬˵ûʲô
ϵʱˣȴװһʲôû顣
ŵѾϰߡ
ȻƤ˼˵廹ͦʵġ
ϣ˯ʱŵڵӣҰɣȵԪٻ
Ѿ¶ʮ壬ûˡ
ѾǼ޳ȥŮϸ˵ҵˡ
ƽʱסθҲûʲô
ϦԪЩشգѾ޵Ůǲҵġ
Ǵĵϰס
μ˵˵ͷ˵á
ЩȻҲǶġ
Ƭ̺һϴϢ
Ϊһǣŵã˵ĹϵƺֽһȻҲԸһЩ
ӵŲŲ
ֱۣӵֱۡ
ۣԼ
ƽʱȻһӣмʵһξġ
μ˱۾ܵŵĶë΢΢һɵļ٣̱Ľ
һ̣ŵŲŲصԼλá
ӵ壬ĻҲ
죬˯Ļһ
Ƕ죬ôеܲˡ

ڶһ磬ŵμʰö֪һϷˣĽ֮󣬱뿪θ
Ľվſڣǻ˻ֱ֣Զȥ߻θһߣһֹܵȥˡ
⼸£ûģʱһ춼ˡ
ÿλʱƣĽڱԼ͵͵
ԴһҲġ
м˽̣ζϲԼġ

ȻԼļңŵѾ֪ûлˡ
ϴʱ飬ȫȻͬ
ǣӵ֣վڵԺǰ
ǰסߣŵסұߡ
θ˹һңصңֻ˴˷ֿ
ʱѾͬա
ŵתͷμˣʵȥ
μС
ŵջѡ˯ķ䣬СѾ߱ӽʱŵ˰֣˵һӾ͹ˣһûȥɡ
μվߣʲôҲû˵
СѾ߱űӣ뿪Ժ֮һ˾ȵүٷˣѵ
һ˵϶˯һŴһűˣҲ֪⼸·ʲôүٷˣȻͶˡ
ϻڵүѾǰүˣ
˵үٷд˺ܶʫأ
ٺ٣үĺÿֻдʫٷ˻ת

죬ŵڸС
ٽڣ͢ż٣ŷӡбҪֵԱηԱ⣬̲Ҳˣ³֮󣬲Ż¿ӡ칫
⼸죬Ȼڴ¡
ֱϦ磬Żص
Ȼûμ֣Ϧ죬Ĳãȴһ㡣
ѾǽиŵƽʣŵոԹҺһյͿ߽˵æˣһңȥһԲԲҪ˶֣Ѿȥаˡ
ÿϦԲʼҪһԵġ
Ǵʮǰʼ¾ͲôǰˣտʼÿĳϦһΣڹп磬Ǭ鶼ʡˡ
֮ĳϦǸġ
ҪʱңȥԲĽǵһˡ
Ѿ׼˷ˣͲȥˡ
䲻һƨϣ˵ŸƨȥȥǲȥͲˡ
ŵһңջȥ
󣬵ʵһֻλˡ
Լʡ
ͬӣӵһͺüֻһλҲֻһӡ
ʱŵ󼸸£δɻ顣
ĸȥ磬ҵļҲѾȡ꣬Ϧ˽Ҳ뵽˴
ŵμǣ߽ζԡ
֪Ͳˡ
ã˻ÿǶ
ǣԼֵˣȴǣűŮˣԴˣκεĲһǻɬ˿˵


160 İ
һλӺݻˣŵǵһμӱеߣ֣Цӯӯĺ˵ʲô
о仰˵ûԲȷҪ˶֡
ҳԷŵ񵽻һôĳ
ڴͲһˡ
ϰ˾ĲƷ·輧衣
ŵӣ
ŵˣ˵ŵˣаǲҪͰԼһ
еľƱЦǬԤףµһ꣬ŵܿƾٸУ˵Ϊһ¥ҵһλ
ڽʿ˿ףŸףʲôѾͷȾˡ
ŵǰŵģһƣζôζƳ󾢲С
һһͷ͹࣬ŵĬĬƺƵԼߡ
˵ϦҹĺȵûʲôҲܰˮȡ
ϯ䣬ŵƾ׼ôˣ
ŵΪ
ֿʵѡô㶼⣬㵽ϲʲôģ
ҲųףʱҴûףҼʲô
ڽͷԷԣһͷĸ͡
˵ʣϾ¶֮ɫ
ԼʲôӣȫѡһҪҪһľͷŮӵɱ
Ϊ飬ƽûѵ
ǳϦҹһҶڣӣͲ˵ˡ
Թ󣬸׺ʹ鷿壬ŵ档
ǣ֣վԺ̧ͷŲʱŵ̻
ԶʵҲǣһӰ
̻Уӳ쵵ɫʡ
ڰУԺӣƺһ鶯ǾʣҲûв
Զ
վ
֣֣޹ء
վŵߵǵӰ¶һ˿ۡ
Ϧ֮ҹûġ
ӳϦԪû
ǿʱ񻶡
˵ڻҲüʱȥЩɢĸоΪǰź˽ҹס
ڶһ磬ŵ𴲵ʱ򣬸׺ʹѾ뿪ˡ
Ҳһˡ
ÿĴһ͢Ҫд󳯻ᡣ
󳯻ϣԼ٣ҪϵְԱڳ͢ԹȥһܽᣬԼһչ
ÿһεĴ󳯻ᣬеĻӶҪμӣԼҲȱϯ
һЩƽûʸվϳõĵͼԱڴ󳯻ϣҲվϳõĻᡣ
Ϊ󳯻˺ܶ࣬һ㶼졣
ŵμ˻صʱʹ֮ڣѾһ
յĳᣬкܴͬ
ǲμӵĹԱ֮࣬ҪǣѾò¶ı£Ⱥǰ֡
֮ϣһλݿʵӡ
½꣬ѹʮ֮䣬ȴ˿̬ڷ룬û˿ƣͼλ곤Ļȣӣֵܡ
մ󳯻ְ˳ʡȻǾȻ󣬲Ǹط١
ڹԱְĹУĵȨǣʱ౨
ǳһ죬һʡְ֮󣬽յĳͻ
ڼ䣬űºò׳֣ȨǿʼԴ൯
ʲô̰ıȨרвֻʼ֮¡һ׮׮һ֤ȷ䣬ʵ
ûٳӣеȨƣΪ޷죡
֪жٹԱĪеץ˴º˾ŪóĻ̻̣һƬ
ջ˾ִ֮Ȩ


վڳǰĴЩûκα鲨
ЩƷϵĴԱҲޱ顣
ú󷽵һЩԱ΢΢¶ڴ֮ɫЩͼԱ̫
һͷ֮ǰʮŬ׷ѣû˯˯ðȡ
ھǰδ󳯻ĹԱ˵ûж鱧κϣ
ÿ궼еˡ
ֱڣúõվ
Щˣһһ
Ȼ¸ûЩȨ󣬴ϳõİֻ֮վʼְ
ǿƾ֮꣬æһְ꣬ݣҲҪһЩ
ְʱ˳һ䣬Ѿʮˣ˸ѡʱˡ
ĳλãϸֳ֮ɫ
һΣڽϷӰûбֳĬĿʵ׼ѡ𣿡
ɹ֮ǰѡ˼˾ãЩ˵Ĳò䲻ϰѾѡˡ
Ļʵٴοڣѡʲôˣ
ɵ֮ӣĹݴѧʿ֮̫֮ӡЩǼǲòͬг͵ģǲУûм˿ѡˡ
Ļʵ˼Ƭ̣˵޵Ůῡܣ˽ƾٽԼƾ״Ԫ״Ԫѡһɡ
ԣɫҰס
ип»ǳλС
ָ״ԪΪѾǿ˴ĵˣùԼѡǰδУΥ񷨡
½ԣҲû˸ҷԡ
ɹּ
ȻûּŰٹ˵Ļʥּ졣
¶ˣһ£ܲ˰ɣ
Ҫٸǿּ𣬾ҲỤ
ְ֮ٹ˸ղŵСΨվڹеҧ´ɫ԰ޱȡ
ԿڣΣ˭ﲻˡ


161 ͬ
һĴ󳯻ٹٸԻؼҡ
úһϢ𶯳
յĳ֮ϣ½ԣһƾٵļλ״ԪУѡһλΪ
귽ʮˣǻСĹ
߹òзҵľΪ
һЦɫ䳤˾֪䣬ݰġ
ȢŮӣǰ˱ĸ֡
ˣΪ;Ҳעһ˳
ͬĳЩңĵǿٵģΪ׹ݣǨٶȣҲͨĹԱҪ졣
ܳΪһƾٵļ״Ԫ֮һѡνǼͥ;˫գһ죬˲۷塣
ڼμƾٵѧӣ״ԪѧӣȻһϢ
֪î˾ձ˹顭
ŵܼҿе֪ʱҲ˺һ
˵μӿƾ٣ֻΪ˻ùһѹϰ񶼿ԡ
ܵ״Ԫ˭뵱أ
Ҳ˵Ϊ״Ԫޣ;𲽣Ҳͱ˲һ
״ԪƷڶ͵ƷĵʮƷʮ֮󣬾ûʲô̫𣬶ôӾƷС
ƾԽߣԺǨԽ졣
ŵҪ̲һʵȨÿǰʮ
Ȼ˵ûգʹ˵Ϊ˵ⲻ󣬵ֻΪ˵͵ԼǱ״Ԫȥġ
ŵܼңʵ磬˵磬Щ״ԪѾмˣܲ޸и֮ɣ
ܼҡҡͷ˵⵱ȻܣʼҵĹܸ檣ǶԷݵԭ䣬ΪȢݵԭ䣬Ǽһ϶⵽յҲ鷢Ŀ״Ԫмˣһ״Ԫˡ
ŵʵе״Ԫмأ
ܼҰ˰֣˵ⲻܣϣ״Ԫˣ϶ͱֳ˲ʣǲôɼҵģΪƾ֮󣬻Ŷ׳Ȣǵ𣿡
ŵûҶ˵ˣ磬е״Ԫмˣָô죿
ܼһ㶡
ȷδĽ
ȷʵǸ⡣
Ϸԣڴ󳯻ϣٹ٣ȫĹԱ˵ȥĻʥּûʲô𣬿϶ǲջصġ
ңʱҲûйԱԣ飬Ҫ֮󷴻ڣԼͳЦˡ
Ļ£͵ȣǺ߸Ҫ
ʱ򣬰ؼɡ
ôƵİԭ䣬Ǿǳ͢ÿǵˡ
Ǿã鲻ܷ
Ҳ
ҡҡͷ˵֪ʱӦû¶ɡ
ŵûдܼõ𰸣ܼԼҲ֪𰸡
󳯻ֳա
յĴ󳯻ϣ²ûг֡
һεƺֻôĵĹԱ֪Ļôһλʵۡ
³ģ¿ӡ
ŵ̲ʱ򣬿޾ɵ첻ɫࡣ
ŵҲֻǵĿһۣȻƿߡ
ŵ£֪˶ã̧ͷڵܲһƾе״Ԫץ
ŵû˵
⵱Ȼǲܵġ
ƾٶڳ͢ڰյ壬ʮش
ոͨƾٵ¿ƽʿĳbuffġ
ڴʿ˵Ψһĸ߹ʱ̡
˵Ŀⶼ۽ڰϣ˵¿״ԪˣͨʿҲץ
ο½ԣҪ״ԪѡƾٽͰ״ԪȫץˣȫǶԻʵ۱Ǭֱ췴ˡ
ȻҲ֪𰸣ͬûٿڣϣĿûκɫʡ
ŵûмӹļУԶǻ鶯ഺġ
ЩۣڰοҪõķ룬һе״Ԫмˣܱܲ͢޸и֮򡣡
Ƴһۡ
ϣе״Ԫмңϣ״Ԫ
ƾ٣ƼнʿѶȣҪʤʮǰɹģڶŮ˽У˵״Ԫϰѡ
һ򲽣״ԪԼҲѡ
͢޸и֮򣬿϶״Ԫѡ
״Ԫ
ŵ˱裬˳ʵˣ״ԪĶмˣǸô죿
鷳ƣ˵Ҳܲûô֪
ŵ
μ˳ɻ֮󶼲˯һ𣬸ûоӵΣ־һ㣬Ǭϵĺ룬ڵ飡
֪뷨ǿƲס
ʱƺҲᵽμ˵ʱĸо
޾ᣬһǻί˭ҲԹվ˵һȥˣ
鲻ѣŵʱҲûʲô취
ߵһǰʹȻôˣ
ȻͷЩ˵үȻûܺãһŬġ
Сõƾϣܲܵõϣŵ֪֮ǰǣ鷨ƾܳɼа񵥣Ǻɵġ
ڣµȫ׼С
ٵðȥһء
뿪̲֮ŵܼң˵Ҳ顭
ܼҵ˵ͷûжʲô
ص֮ŵ߽䣬ڻμˣȻʵӣ㵱޸ҵʱǲҲڵĹһ
μ˿һۣû˵
ŵЦ鶼ȥˣ˵£ֲ
μ˿ͷ
Ƭ̺ѾɵĻŵһô
ŵҡҡͷ˵ãûһã


162 Ļ
Ҳ˵ƾΣŵԣȵӦ¸³Ĵ
ʣ²һ£˵ģٳڶŮ˽ˡ
ŵȻμҡ
ڿǰͻһĿֻסеݣô⣬Լãһ๦
ʱһΣǰ¡
̲߳ϵıʧ
ˣȻһζû̲ûа취ܰοοɣ
ȥθŵ
󣬵֪μ˰ǰͻˣŵһֱҡ
ܼҴ߽ĳԺӡ
ԺڣѾߣһߴɨһСֹ
ү£ÿ̿డ絽ڶ顭
˵үҪƾ١
˵ƾҪʮ꺮үź˰࣬ܿ𣿡
֪˵ƾٺѵġ

ߵſڣǵ濴ӰеȻȫˡ
֪ܸıʲôЩж
ŵ̧ͷһۣôˣ
߽䣬㣬𣿡
˿ɢҵ鼮ʵ׼ôˣмְգ
ŵʵָʲôգ
һۣȻнʿİհѵһ״Ԫİ𣿡
ŵ룬˵߰˷ְɡ
нʿİգȻʮɡ
״ԪĿǰûʵ
û£ƾٻһ£ռ仹ܴѾǰһЩš
ŵһ̣о˼ϣ
һһһ˶״Ԫأ
ܿ죬Գҡҡͷʵʵ뷨׳Ժ
˵ʱһ֮
ǾԲ޸Լϲ˵ģ

£ʱĺܿ죬ת˲㵽¡
³һʽ
ĴܵҲֻǧ˲롣
ͿƾһսԿȻѶȱȿƾٵͶˣÿһҲҪõϵۡ
ͨҲܱ֤һ¼ȡ
ƾٸƣͨ;ԺĿܣĿȻ࣬ﵽһˣ
еĿڲͬĿԺС
ĳԺ
ŵһСĿڣǰڷżԾ
Ϳƾһһ쿼ơ
ַΪĸ֡
鷨滭ɷ¡
ʱϳʱʼʱ
ߵ㵽ߵ㣬ʮСʱĸСĿ
дһƣдһƣɸѡ
һ˵ѡ鷨
һС򵥣ʱ̵ģֻҪдһƪһٸڵ鷨ƷĻһӾɡ
鷨ͳһģơ
δ鷨ʮеһݣʮҡ
ŵʣһϹȻĻѾ
Ƭ̣ɿʣߣһǳɡ
Сʱ䣬廹û̫ĳҲֻС
ɵ鷨ԾһǬŵִһֽ
ƵĻ滭һ
δĻ滭Ŀǡƾ棬ɽ޾ҪˮīĻ
īˮīҪ׶ˣŵ׿Ļ˼Ƭ̣㿪ʼ
׿óɽˮҲ
ŵŻһʱ
֮ЯʳУȡ˼㣬΢һӡ
ʱޣ绹Ҫɷµġ
СŵɷԾ
ɷԾʽǳһжʮĿÿһĿһʵʰҪݡɡ׼ȷо
Ҫԡɡ˽⣬ᣬҲأд
Щŵ˵Сһɶһϣܳκβ
ˣдʮĿҲʱ䡣
ɷԾŵûôЪ̴һԾ
Ծ¡
һʫ

Ŀֻ֣壬ɷӡ
ǻƻ裬Ŀ˼ܼ򵥣ŵԺѸټйػƻʫʣûй˼ܿдľ䡣
ⲻʣǹԭ
Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ衣
֮Ŀ;ͺܲˣ漰ؼؼƶؼؼؼʷǻۣǴӡʮѡȡһΣÿ壬ԼĿ
һ£ŵʮĹ죬һЩŵģŵ뱾Ҳȫɨһ飬Щֵ
ĿƾҪ򵥵Ķֻ࣬Ҫʵܴ
ǰһʱŵʹơ
ǲټˣдˣҲܸġ
ۣбԾɣӰյ
Ծһ£ãڿϣȻ߳
뿪ԺʱӺĽѾԵˡ
ƿ֮󣬻пԾ
Ϊ˽ʡԴ֮µĿᱻֱ̭زμ֮Ĳԡ
͢ټ˿٣һԽ֮󣬱˿Ժ˽ܹĵľ
Ҫһ֮ڣеĿϣҽͨһƵĿ
ĹСԺѾǰ˹
ҹԺ֮ڣɵƻͨ
СƵԾű࣬רġ
дֿȹҲǴҲʲô˶Ž£
ѣֲǿƾ٣ô档
ˣģ꣬ȥ
ĳ֮ڣһľһ졣
鷨һƵԾĵģϿһۣܵóۡ
λ٣ǧԾòһϡ
鷨ϣȻ㲻ôңҲ裬ǿƾٵԾҲûжǵۣǿ鷨ʵһĥ
ĳһ̣һλһԾĿ¶ɫףԾ
һѷֽУò׿һŲģǰɵһ鶼Щ
ܿ죬ϣ͸ֳֵı顣
ֺǺá
ôС
˭ҴСģ
壬һŮģСŮ塱֮ơ
дһС˵ȥᱻЦ
ɴӴ鷨ĽǶͣƪд̫ˡ
ƮݣŵĿÿ۾õ˾鶼õϴӡ
ޱȵĺ棬˭дôС
Ϊ˹ƽͿƾٵԾϣֻбţû֣Ҫȵɼ֮󣬲֪Ծ׳Ժˡ
Ծݸˣ˵ǿԾԾе˼
һ˸ոսһΪԾ£ֽӹĿⲻһƲҲƲˡ
˫Ծǰã°ϵĶ룬̾һСѵǿлŮӣ
һҲչ˿֮󣬺ͬľ̾
뿼Ժ֮ǰᱻϸµļ飬ŮȻǲܵģ벻ǣȻдôƯС
ȷִ˷Ծٿ˿ˣʵλã˷ݿӦöΪεȣ
ѣ
Ϊѣ
ƾٿԣһоŸȼڼ֮ϣһȣΪѡ
ֻһݿǿеı֣κʱ򣬲ܻþѵۡ
Ҳд⡣
ǿٵ˵ͷԾϣдˡѡ֣Ȼ䵥һߡ
ʱԺһ֮ڣһеĻ̾벻֮ϣȻҲл˸֮߳ˣʽĿƾ٣˵ĻҲһΣ˻Ϊ׵ȡ
֮Ƶľ̾ľķ
ɷһ©ǷҵĺӰ
ʫҲǵú죬ѿ飬ȴҲֵһϣ

˿̣ŵ֪Ժз顣
һ죬ƣľͽ硣
Уһ˶״Ԫŵԣ޸ǣӣ§ŰȻͱˡ
ŵתͷһۣĬĬɿӵ֣˸˯ˡ
ͬʱ

һŻĴϣıűӣ֪εʲô¶ҸЦݡ


163 һ
һѾ
ڶ磬ԺĿѾϡ
һ磬ͨƵڿԺǽϡ
ֽ֮ϣûֻ֣пš
СѧϰգҪͶǮƣıѣҪһӡ
ܲμֿԵģǸ
˼ңкܶ඼ڼգޣᣬ֣ȣĿܴܺ󣬵ÿĿΨһģԲŪ
ŵڵ߿Ժ
ԿԺΪλƽ֮ٽпԺĿɼܡ
߿Ժǧһƣ̭һϡ
Ǵǿƾ٣ÿһƶмߵģЩƫսҲƫ̫ס
Ʋߣ༸ǿҲûչʾĻᡣ
ŵڿԺһźֽϣҵԼĿš
ȻֻĿſ
ÿһƿֻ֮
Ҫƶ֮еĳɼܣ֪ս
Ժǽ£ҵԼŵѧӣ⣬ϲ
֮ˣһʧ䣬ֻܵȴս
վߣȲʵҵûУ
ŵ˵ͷ
ȣһߵҪĶࡣ
ͨƵˣʸμһյĿԡ
һҪƣֱƺơ
ƵԾ϶
һʱ𣬿ԼŴ˳
Ŀͱȿƾټ򵥣൱п͸߿ѶȣƶʮĿڡ֮УѶһ㣬ŵܿʹꡣ
Ҳûпƾٿô룬һЩǳԵ⣬Ŀŵ˼ãֻҪժдˡ
Ծʱ仹硣
ȥҲû˼ŵ˿뿪Ժ
ΪҪһ죬ӺĽҪ
ܼҵߣô߳ɫһ䣬ǰʵ˶ûгôˣĿ㲻𣿡
Щյ˵ǲᣬҲȵʱٳһأ
ŵĿܼ򵥣Ҷˣеĺòã
ŷģȻǴˣҲҪ鰡һˣܸ
ŵúˡ
ΪĽò鰡˻дƾٵԾϣǳһŲӦеīҲᱻһ
Ƶɸѡƺƣ֮ǰһ
Ծ٣Ҳ졣
ͨģڶ磬ͨĿ
һƣ̭һǧˣƺƼ̭˲
⵹Ҳ⣬̭ģЩġ
ͨƣضкú׼ƾ٣նѧϰ
ƺƵĿѣԺϢв˶ʮõ˾ѵۡ
ƣ˳򣬷ֱ֣䡣
ֿڿԺоУҪУȡеһ½ڵ࣬޶ֻ١
߿ԺǧֿһŻҡ
ֿŵĵġ
ȻܽΪֻۼɣվǰҲ˵Ӯÿٳӡ
ֿƿȽ
һʱܿ˶ʮҡ
߿ԺϸΪʮСĿÿλٸ
ÿֵʮˣϿֵʱ䣬ҲҪĸʱϣܿеĿ
ʱ֮еĿ٣ƣ
ĳ֮С
һλĿٽеϣŭʲôȣ
λεһЦ˵ϢŭЩѧӣδкܴռ䣬ı׼ҪǣһΣҵȵˮƽ
ȻǴҲ¹ؿǰ;
ʮ꺮Ϊöˣ鷳꣬Ͷϵ˵ǰ̡
ǶԷ̫ة;ٱˡ
λˣǰʱ̫̫ةƷƷǴĳһȽȽǣǰ;ɲǡ
ȷʵķˣЩֱĶ䡣
Ҳ֪û취ЩĿҪ̫ߣǬ࿿ϣ˵ʣµĿλ˾ɣôپô
λһ£ղλҵۡ
˵ֿƣȷʵѣһ½ԿɣǶ£û취ͨһ顣
һ̣һλٿڵһ
ŵ߽䡣
ӳģһſ硣
֮ԿλٵӰ
ֿûбԣΪ˱⿼˽Ϳ֮䣬һ磬඼˴ˡ
һλԱ鿴ŵĿָ֮ŷſڵһľ䣬˵ӴгĿ⡣
ŵַľ䣬ȡһľƣдšš 
Եʱޣÿֶһ飬һ㶼ǴгһΣȴû취ȡɣ֣һ鵽ĲᣬҪһˡ
˵뿼ŵ 
ŵǰһԼһЩ΢
ֿƿԵĵһܶ࿼Ϊ̫ţ裬Լĳɼһпܺһʧ֮ۡ
׼Żҡ
֮
ԭϣڱĿֱ̣塣
ŵ۾ûǰ
ʱһˡ
̻۾
һεֱ࣬޿ޡ
˵Ǵˣǿƾ֮ϣҲܵˮƽ
ֿ״Ԫˮ׼
ԼһΣҲܱøá
⻹ڿϰ˼µĽ
ǰλ
ʶվҪ󵽵ǺҲȴԵĿץס
ǿٿȻˣҪʲôǲ˽ԼģĳɼᱻвϸҲҪܵʹ
ֹס˲ӣ
оצģҪصĹأҲء
λҲ̲ס̾
֮ϣֿ˲ţѵǽλֵţ
ܣͨ˽ݴֱӲμӿƾ٣ڴϳ֡
ֿ״Ԫ֮⼤ҡ
һ̽ϣ
һ˵˵ͷ˵Ҳôá
ֿ֮УϣѾߵˡ
ֿ״ԪֿƳɼҲֻǼ׻߼¡
ʱǵԣȴһ
һķŭʲôϣ࣬һ⣬ⶼѣʲôѣǵ׶ֵ
һΡ
Ǳ˵仰ͷˡ
Է̫ةϽֿ״Ԫһˡ
û˱ֵ
Ƕһֻۣܵ˵ѣǱѰɡ
ղλĳɼΪѣ֮ЩѰ
뿴λֵųʲôӡ
ʮϸ񣬿ֻУ֪ǵ֣Ŷ֪жɼ֮רŵԱ¼
ֻܵȴ֮ȥˡ

ŵ߳Ժ֪ſڵ˶ãһʵô
ŵһơ
ֿƵĳɼʵֳͳˣǲ߿
ʽĿƾϣ״ԪҲֻڿƾٵʱ̲Ż
ڶһ磬ֿͨƵĿڿԺǽϡ
һƣ˱̭
Ѱֿ״ԪҲǼ׻߼µĳɼҪȻͣҪõҵۣҲҪֵЩ츳û츳ֻϰǺѴﵽġ
ֿƹ󣬵߿ԺĿֻʣ²İˡ
ƺƵĳأͬڿԺ֮ڡ
ƵѶȣȿƾҪ򵥡
ŵڿԵʱͷˣƵĳظ·氼͹٣ưӵľ룬ʽƾٵҪ֮һѶȻСࡣ
߿ԺμӵһԵǧˡ
ƿֻ꣬ʣ°˲
пԺĳɼᱻ͵յ
УǰٵģɽĴԺ
ͨûбĴԺѡеģѡЩСԺͶ޷ǷðһЩҲӵвμӿƾٵʸ
ԱǣڶԸԺ͹ĳɼ
ΪУȻһ鿴¼ȡ
߽һ÷ʮλԱæµ
δˣ
߽
ܰ˰֣ʾǼȻſڵһ˵ǰٵûУ
Ժ͹ĳɼѾݸźõģ׾ܻܳǰ١
Աĵһ˵شˣѾˡ
ĿȥʶĴӺ濪ʼ
Ķӣ׼ƾֻаܾ꣬ãӦܽǰ٣ǰéĿҲ
ʮûС
ʮûС
ʮҲûС
ѾҪ˴ǰʮȻûŵ֡
ѵûнǰ٣
Ͼ׼ʱ̣ܶûнǰٵҲƾҲֻжʮˣǰ٣ƾٺпܵһƾͱ̭
Ŀⲻһɨı΢΢һ㶡
ĵһѰõ֡
ŵ
Ŵһ
һ֮󣬶һԱ˵Ƶĳɼҡ
Ժ͹пĸƾɼ
ὫƵĳɼҲһ
Ƭ̺żֽ㡣
ŵֺܺңΪÿֽϣڵһλ
ƣ鷨ѣ滭׵ȣɷѣ¼ϣۺΪϣƵһ
ƾѣƵһ
ƾѣƵһ
ƻþѵĻвˣŵ˵ǰ档
ĳɼ˳򣬲ŵģͬĳɼǰ棬Ҫôľ࣬Ҫôдĸã̸֮ڵһһǶԱȹĽ
ܼȥ
ֿƾѣֿƵһ
ƾѣƵһ
ƾѣƵһ
Ƶһ
һ
ܴĿֽϤ֡
һ̣ʱ·ضʮǰ
·ٴθ֧ܵĿ־塭


164 ڵİ
θ
ĳɼûй
ŵѾ֪˽
У֮ǰȻᾭ֡
ɼŵԤϡ
һƵһ
֮⣬ƣõ˾ѵĳɼ
õѣǲܵģһǺ׿Ļ滭Ȼ㲻϶⡣
µۣͬĿвͬĿѸ֡
õĳɼһֵô飬ȻֻǶŵԡ
Ŀ겻ǴԿƾٵı׼ҪԼ
һּȻɵŵʵ㵽ʲôʱѧգ
ŵܳʵ˵⼸¡
ôѧģ
˼Ρ
أ
ӽҵġ
ֿأ
ַ顭

ܸĻ
ɵʮ꣬¾ѧɴһһƵһ
ûô
ģЩʮ꺮ѧѧӣѧջʲô壿
ĴŹȻû
Ϊ˱ΨһĶӣϧװɵʮꡣ
϶Ѿ͵͵׼ƾٺܶˡ

ƭˣõѶƭ
ӣ
Ů
Ľŵݵ˵ŵôһԺ϶״Ԫ
ĽĻμƺ뵽ʲôĿŵ¶˼֮ɫ
ܿŵһۣ˵ҲҪ̫磬ѶȺͿƾٲͬն˵ЩӵܣĴԺУܿƵһģֶֻʮ죬ȻиȡܿһõΣܽǰʮ;𲽣Ʒְ
Ȼŵûе⣬̵ܽĵ˵ͷ
ڿƾ״ԪڵȷûоԵİա
뿪֮ŵ顣
μĿմ΢΢Щʧ
ϣԼ๫ŻǹˣΪƾ״Ԫ
ֵĳ͢Ȣ
һʱì
θһԺ䣬һ˵Ҳìܡ
ѾĿУ֪Ĵ
һ뵽μпܳΪ״ԪˣȴҪĸױż޸һʫᵯ٣ҲửĴֱçͶµûš
ܵǣһԭӦģ
ã֮仹ûзʲô
վãһ仰˵Ӱ̲סʵʦ㣬ôˣ
ŮӵͷȻʵĽϲһģô죿
˼˵Ȼˣ
ŮԴ˵˵öԣԼĶȻҪˡ

Ķܿ죬ĵڶ죬ǾͻܳпĳɼͨĿǽϡ
˴δģΪʮ֮
μӴĿнһǧˡ
ƵĿԣͨģֻвˡ
˵ͨδ̤;ܹôһ˿ϣ
ûͨƾٵʸûС
ҹˣҹˣ
ʮܽ붫ɽԺˣ
İپʮһգա
֮⣬Χ˲鿴Ŀ˼ķЦͷˡ
Ҫĵһ飬ȻڰѰԼ֡
ȷԼ̬֮Ŀٴ񵥡
Ĺ򣬴󲿷ֶЧ¿ƾٵģһ൱ڿƾ״ԪһǧУ͵һˡ
Ĵ۵Ǵ˲ţǳƾ֮⣬߼ֵһԡ
ǺܺĴһ˭
ףռһС
дһ֡
ŵ
˵ı鶼һ㡣
֣ν˾֪
ȥļ£ڳ꣬ɱȨӵܣƻϴӵˡ
˵ڳˣûûֵġ
£ٴϢ
û뵽ٴγǰʱ򣬾Ȼڴİϡ
ʱƺʲôǿƵ
ͿƾƣƵĳɼҲᵥгһ񵥣ÿƵһ൱ڿƾٵĵ״Ԫ
˵Ŀ⼸ְ񵥡
ܿģϵı飬ͱҴ͡
ƣƣƣֿƣƣƣƵİϣλеһģͬһ֣
ŵ
ŵ

ŵ
һƽǵһĴһȫͬĸ
ζţеĿĿϣͬһĿγȫλѹ
ŵ
Ķӣ
òͬͬհɣ
һͬ
˿̣У뷨
Ͼȥʮ꣬ĶӣԳɵ֪
ǰ󲻵һ꣬ѹ֮ƣ˾Ϊҵһ쳤ס
еķʵ̫һʱԽܡ
뵽ǰʱ䣬ʢгЩʫʣǳ֣֮ǵĲ²⣬ֲⷢ˶ҡ
ʮǰһ˶״Ԫ
ʮĶӣѵҲҪôһ
ңô

ͿƾȣĹעȣʵߣƾٲһ£󲿷˵עʵڼĿƾϡ
ҲˣεĴ⡣
ĳĸۡ
ٺŵĿű֮ˣʵ˵ʲôһ
˵˵ͷ˵ǴһǴƵһУƵĳɼΪϣ༸ƣΪѡ
ٺһƨϣ૵Ҿ֪Ҿ֪
Ѿ޶ֹŵμӿƾʱЩȨ󻹲мһˣС
ʵ֤ǶôĸհԶ
ĶӣǴ
˭˭Ǵģ
Ƶһ˵
ӣҪݡ
ҲûеնɱȨӵܡ
ûһȨ㳯Ұĵ
ŵ޷ҵģЩȨ󣬾֮·ϵһ˹٣Ժӣ¸ùˡ
뵽ٺվڵ˵Ҫº

ӴЬӶûдһʵģ
ǹŮ˵ͷ˵عӲǴһǴƵһūۿġ
شϣϵı黹Щš
ʰˣʱַ·𿴵һ˿⡣
Ȼһƾپܵһ
ܹôһ˿ϣ
θ
ЦӯӯĿŵ˵ϲӴ
ŵ˰֣˵ûʲôãֲǿƾ١
ӻյģŵߵ棬Ľһ̸ķ塣
֮ڡ
μ޼֦Ȼʵһƾ״Ԫ𣿡
룬˵˵
μ͵ǿƾٵĵһֻͨ˲μӿƾٵʸ񣬴аݣÿݣÿ궼д䣬нλ״Ԫƾ״Ԫȴֻһλ͢ÿƾֻ¼ȡһλʿ˳ɵĴһʿвˡ
μԣ˿һźĸо
˿Цʵιǲǵģ״ԪҪӭȢˣ
һ£μ˲廨Ķһ٣ҡͷûС
Цӯӯ˵ιﲻõģûгףȷܣǼѳףֲ檣ǹ״ԪҲᱻѡġ
ΪǰοĻֻ˵һ롣
ȻŵȢĿܺСҲûпܡ
ֻ˿ƾ״Ԫλ״Ԫѡ
һ֮ռ״Ԫôѡ
Ϸԣ󳯻ϣĻʵ۵ôԱ棬˵Ҫƾѡһλ״Ԫһѡһλ
ŵһ˶ռ״Ԫ
ôιǰģֻ·
Ҫô˺룬Ͱɻ顣
ҪôԽ檡檣Ҳðͬ⡣
ʱ˵ݣ᳹׵ߵ
ŵԺĽ壬һ̧ͷ߽
Ļźһ鼮ҪĲˣǰҲѹĲ״
ߵŵǰЩ鼮صķϣŵɻʵʲô
΢΢˵ƾ״Ԫ³¼ҺòײڹĲҵģ㶼úÿˣܣ˼λ͢ʦ㴺Ļŵ˼׵ȣǸָָ㡭


165 Ϊ
ŵȡ͹һ鼮ַ
⻹ƾ֮ϣ״Ԫ¡
ӦǻļŵǸ㲻ġ
ڹ͢ʦǲԱҲڳκһţ͢Ͻֻлҵܵ
֮ϣŵºͻ滭ƾУûеõѵġ
ΪĿԣǲġ
ǰûôĹ
ŵô˽ܿС̣
е£ʵ̲Ӧûѹ˺ܶڰɣ
Ѿܾûȥ̲ˡ
ÿüͷ˵ƾֻжʮˣ㻹˼ڣȺú׼ƾ٣ЩҸţ㿼ٿ
ŵվ˵׼ƾ٣ҲҪݽϣҲŸտ괺ڻӣ޺
ݽϵȻǽڣʵ⼸Ϊ˿ԣ̫ȥ̲ػѪ
ˣҲû˵ʲôˣŵһǰ̲
һ·֮ϣԥãڻ̲סʵãڿƾϣܲܺʹһƶһ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ܡ
ɫһ䣬ʵΪʲô
ŵʵ˵Ѷȣƾٵһ붼ûУμӿƾٵˣȴȲμӴˣƵһô׵ģ
ʵڵŵ߱Ƶһʵ
иոȼϣֱ֮齽
״Ԫ©κһƣܽ鷳
ŵĬƬ̣̲ͬסʵʵңҳΪ״ԪǲǻȢ㣿
һۣ΢΢һ
ŵһۣʵ檣ԸΪңݵ𣿡
ŵȻᡣ
ʵã͢ù޸һи֮𣿡
ŵ룬˵Ҳᡣ
ƿ֣飬Ļûй
ͷŲӣ˵ⲻ͵ˣ״ԪѾɻͺˣΪݵԭ䣬ǲʲ壬ʲûʼұǶмң檣Ҳ㸸ԶţһҵĻ¾һʱ䡭
ŵ૵
ʵҲһֱû
ƵһҪޣ״ԪҲա
УҲվǺͱ˲һġ
ԼҲһҡ
ȶȹǰһ˵ɡ
ƾ֮ϣƼҲܹˮ
һŶˣԼóǰʮҪôţҪôڳĳţȿֿ⣬вǷˣ
ŵԼҺɣȻ˵ȻƵһ˵㣬Ҿɡ
˰֣˵û£Ҳ̫ѹʵڲеĻһܣҪҼ޸ϲˣҾӳԶ
ӣԼĻϣԸԼ뷨
ŵ̲һʱµľڴϣ⼸ĵ˻
ڶһ磬Ȼλ͢ʦ
Уһóˣһóһóɽˮ
ƾٵĻ滭һͿ֡
˽ĺ
ʵŵǽ̣Ҹɣץ˾ˡ
ǰûô͢ʦݱȽ⣬ǲ⳼ֻҪʲô°̲ʹ¶ܲҲûʲô취
ŵаš
Ҳί⡣
ŵ֮ǰӵĻóֻһɽˮһﻭ
λ׺ӵߣԶһ
ԭŲӣڣȲʵôʲôطԸĽģ
Զμ˱ſڣ˼
λʦСһһλ΢΢ͷۺ룬˵λСѵĻԼɫʵãԳƵϾտ뻭ңҲֻһ֮ңȱٵģʱĻԼĸǽ̲̫࣬ܲһÿԼ
ᣬ˻Ѿǳѵˡ
ϤĽ̵ĵӣҲ
ǽ̲ģ㹻ʱϰͻۣ̤һ
˵ͷ˵̶ܽپͽ̶ٰɡ
ڣĪҲӣνԼóĻڣλ뻭ʦ˵ЩСѿʲô֮ҵȡ
Ȼȥɣʱٹ
λʦ뿪ٶһȴƺʲôתͷúͲԶһ߶ϡ
μڿе飬Һӣ˵ңҲˣú׼ƾٰɣˡ
£ʹҴҵת뿪
ŵϸϸŸղλʦָ㡣
ƫ飬ָѸġ
Щָ㣬⼸һֳܾͲˡ
ףҪԼˮƽȥ
Ƭ̺ŵ⼸߽䡣
ڷϸϸĲеĽ
ŵ£ĳһ̣Ȼӣ
μ˵ţ
ŵ룬ʵϣҿ״Ԫ𣿡
μ˲Ķһ٣ĬƬ̣ʵϣ㿼״Ԫܿ𣿡
ŵϣҿ״ԪĻҿŬŬϣϾжʮ죬ٶʱһнпܡ
μ˽ë˲˵в״Ԫûϵ㾡Ϊͺá
ŵ˶٣ֵǱ˵Ҫѡһλ״ԪҲС״Ԫһʱѡô죿
ǻ״Ԫ𣿡
ҲСƶ״Ԫأ

μ𽣣Ǭĵ룬ͬ⡣
ŵϵҲˡ
Ƿӡ
ǻܰɡ
ΪҲûץס
òײźӴİߵһӣǲܵ顣
ŵشĺܹϣμսһ
ٴ̧ͷʱĿͣ˵㾡ã״ԪȻãҲûйϵǿ״ԪҲı¡
ôܲϣԼɷ״Ԫ
ùһֱû״Ԫ˹ڻ
С
ù˵״ԪӣΨһһλڷŰԺɷһνֵŮӡ
ʱ򣬼ȫˣῴһĻ
С󣬲֪˵޲ȥҲ֪˳ЦɷǸɵӡ
ۿ
޵ģʲôˡ
ŵȷǲ˵̽ʵϣҿ״Ԫ״ԪҲûϵ
μ˵˵ͷ
ղǾ仰Ѿˡ
ŵ룬˵Ҳţǡ

Ƭ̺ŵ߳䡣
ǲܺġ
ƾÿһҲҪȫȡ𲽾Ʒ١
״ԪӦô죬ǳ͢Ҫǵ顣
˵ҪΪ
Ǿ;Ϊɡ
ŵߵθŷ̧ܼͷһָָۣԼһ
ӡȲˣŵʵϴ飬ôˣ
ܼЦЦ˵ū£үģѾ鵽ʮλҵСֻ֤үˡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵Ǿɡ


166 Բ
ŵԭΪԺ׿Ӧƾ㹻ˡ
û뵽ƻϲϱ仯
Ļнʿǹˣ״ԪԶ
ڻϣЩŬ޿ޡ
һһȥץ̫鷳ˣÿζҪ鷳ڴ֮ǰǰһЩš
ܼҲһ£ЩĻҡ
ܽͬһʱ䣬ϷץΣĻܣпֱӵұá
е鷳ǣЩʦ󶼲ڳ
֮ЩԱǣڿƾ֮ǰԻЩȤ˹֮󣬾ûʱ;ˡ
һֵˣοЩƽӹġ
෴ЩƾٲУλģ㹻ʱ;ڰߵĸԶ
ܼҶүҪӦ
Ȼ鷳˾˵С¡
οϣүɡ
Щʦץ鰸֮ôôǣǽһĵʲôģүڿƾϣ͸аˡ
˾
˾λڳķشſڵĽֵϣȴʮֵ塣
ԭҲһн˾֮׺ݶΧĵ̣լۡᵽ˱𴦡
ſڵĽֵûԸߣԸ·ҲԸ˾
ܼᳵ·߽˾һ·ϣִк߽һ÷
һڵ̧꣬ͷһۣܹܣʲô𣿡
ܼҵϴκ˵Ǽ飬ˡ
Ƭ̺󣬼ֻӴ˾ɳܿʧʡ

֮죬λ͢ʦÿ춼θһΡ
ŵҲûоܾĺ⣬ÿζǴڻɣվרҵĽǶȣŵãλ͢ʦʵҲ
ЩĻʦǲΪ͢ġ
Ҫɵ͢Ĺط࣬ὫԼһ̻ǵ˼άǵ˼롣
Ļ֮£ǵĻܻᾫȴʧȥꡣ
գλ͢ʦû
ܼҴ߽˵ү㡣
ŵʵΪʲôԼ
ܼҡҡͷ˵֪ȥ̲
Ƭ̺ŵ̲
÷ڣ˵λ͢ʦ˾ٱְأٽˡ
˵θŵȷְأ͢ʦУһҲû˻׷
Щˣǵġ
ŵҲܲµ˭Ļ˭ƾٸУ˭ɾ
ϾҲǵһôˡ
ΪȻİɣⲻ󡭡
̲߳ʱŵ̧ͷ˿졣
Ӧòʱˡ
ǡ
λڻݣʢֽֽţԶ
ֽǻ鷨ʦͻʦʷλ״Ԫ
ΪֽűˣǵຢͯдһֺؼһֺûֱΪ黭֮ǡ
Ը
Ե˲٣˵ԸһָԴҵĸۡ
ԴұԨȻ޹ְǣȴźܸߵ
βμӿƾ٣񣬶ڴģÿֻܲμοƾ١
;֮Ԩصǣһлʮ꣬ڻɣΪһҡ
ɾʹ֮ʱѧӵŰݷã̻ɣһǧӡ
̶ʱ䣬ԼҾͳǵ塣
һգԴڷá
Ԩлʣӭ⣬Ц˵һϲȵڽУԭǳ´˼٣ĳʧԶӭ֡
һ壬һʵжĽ顣
Źٷ˿żɽʵԴң㻹ǲǵãʮǰ˸һǧڴ֮ϣӵĻ˳Ժ𣿡
Ԩһۣ顣
һǧӵģԼ
лڣôͰѵ鶶ˣ
࣬Ԩ˵ͷ˵ǵá
˵ǵþͺãߡ
ץסֱۣԨ񣬾ɵˣ겻㡭
죬С˵˵㲻ǳ͢Աؼܳ˵ɾͲǼˡ
Ԩͷ⣬̲ٶˡ
ʱԨѺߡ
һӰλˣвУ
Ƴһۣǵдһݻĵã֮ǰҡ
ԸſڣǰޱȾȡ
Դôˣ
ôٲѺˣ
ôˣ϶Ƿʲô飬ٸ¡
Ҳ֪ϲأԴ£ĻҪһλʦˡ
˿̣ݵİղ֪ƵһĻڴĸݡ
ݣһλ߱ãЩ̵˵ϷǰƷֻǶʮǰˣϷʮؼٱٱ⳥𡭡
أһξ֣ƴˣǶʮĽ飬ǰռܼլأǲԣǽؽ֣鰡
ûʵӣֵĿŴӿһȺӰƬ̺ԴڵϣҲ֪Ĳ֪ҵֻлߡǱҵģⲻҵ°

θ
ŵеһ飬Ŀǰա
һһĻ񣬳ڷ֮ϡ
ͺ׿ȣЩ˵ĻҪĶ࣬ΪǵĻ裬ҲȺ׿ߵĶࡣ
Щˣģͨһˡ
ڸԵĵطҲСȨƣȨ֮ˣȻҲ¡
ŵĿ⣬һֱŷ䡣
ڣڵھŻֵʱ򣬷ڳµı仯
׿ĻڣճֵľŻ񣬺Ȼһ£ȻѸٵںһ𣬻һŹ㣬ӿŵڡ
ͬʱŵԺУҲڻϢ
ú󣬷֮ϣֳķµĻ
Ǹոճ֣ͻ㣬ŵ塣
λң֮ǰĺ׿Ž
ֵֻһˡ
̵ĺ
ŵһۣ˵ĻȻڡ
ղע⵽˵Ļһ£ĻӦѾںˡ
ΪسֹĻδʧ
ŵ֪ǣ˻֮⣬˵ĻҲس֮⣬ûбسʱûԳ
Ժ⴫Ų
վſڣ̽ͷ˿μ˲ڣֻŵԺǷĵһλ԰׵߽һ빬ﵱĻʦѾڹģǻʲô˵
ŵٴοڣ»ʦǹϻʦʮǰ뿪͢ˣһ˴ǮԸ㡭
ŵ̾˷Ǯʲô
˰֣˵ϻˣ»ʦ˵ƾ٣󶼿ɽˮûп񣬽ؿ㻭һ
ôŵҲɨˡ
߻ط䣬Ƭ֮һͼߵ»ʦָ㡣
۰룬ЩȻ˵Ϸ˶꣬ǵԵţʵڲԸϷȣϷϬϣ㲻Ҫ⡭
ŵû˵ʲôʲô֮»ʦܿڣġ
ߵ˵ͷֽӹŵĻ˵ȻˣϷֱ˵ˣ˻
ĿȥӵȻ𽥱棬̶Ȼ૵˻˻˻
Щˣʵ˻ôˣ㵹˵ѽ
»ʦƽʵѾ䤱
˵ʲô
ڼϵǷ켫⾳Ҳ˶컯룬һУλҵӰӣֲֹǵӰӡ
ԨĹʣǧīд⡭
һνǼ̣֮ǻ񻭵ļ֮Ѿվ˻񻭵۷壬ҲĻ
ô̵ʱڣһƷĻʦҲģ
»ʦ˫Żĸŵݻȥ˵飬ð˴ʦС϶ţڻϻЩ󣬲֪Ƿָһ

ĿźȻޱǫĳ»ʦС쾪ȵųˡOΡ
ָŵǸʲô


167 
θ
СԺ֮ڡ
ŵʯԣһ԰׵վߣʱѯʲô
ڲԶСͤֳ°ͣ۾գҲգĿһĻ
»ʦʮĹ͢ʦһϯʦλãʱ򣬾ĻˣȻѧһŵ̻
ѵ˵ŵó񻭣ǡÿóĵط
һƾĿ˻񻭡뵽ĳֿܣϲɵ¶Цݡ
»ʦ౧Ե֮񣬶ŵһм˵лʦָ㣬벻С϶֮꣬ܿ˵ȼ֮ҲĿˡ
ŵ˼ӣִĻʦץ˸飬˵ĻΪһ壬ɲǼ֮
»ʦʵʣʦʶԨǧꡭȼλң
ŵ˵ֶ֪ԵʶǵƷйо
»ʦ̾˿
һӣշ֪֮嫡
ٻˣһ׷ľ磬ֿɵá
»ʦ뿪θ
뿪֮ǰһƱ
ָ˵ġ
û뵽ձָԼ
Ǯá
ŵƱʵһˣ˼ǧӣ
Ʊ˵ԼܵģԸôô
ǹΨһĽǻʼҸٺ»
ǧӣ˵ҲһСĿ
ֻǾֵûѡ
ŵʵأ
ŵĽȥˣӦúܿͻ
Ʊ˵ˣúϰ͵
Ѿ߳ſڣͣ½Ųعͷٴζǧ͵
ߺ󲻾ãӰ߽СԺ
ŵתͷһۣ˵Ժλþò
ԺԺܣԼλŵԺѧƵġ
ڴʱ򣬿ҪдһǵԺ
һ˶ѡĴԺܿǰһ٣ֱԺ
һ֮󣬲ܽĴԺҲӰСԺ
ŵʱԺͨ£֮ҪԼȥԺ
ŵԺĶЦ˵˼ձȽæûȥԺҪ鷳λԺһˡ
ЦСɱô˵ܽԺǵҡ
˱ȭ˵ϲСдһ
λ߹֮󣬿ŵҲŲ˼顣
һʲôƵһĴһҲ͵ˡ
治׸ӡ
һ֮ܿŵʵСҪμӽĿƾ٣
ŵ˵ͷ
ܽθʵȷġ
ƾ٣ǰһ¾ͽֹˣΪ˸ı䣬ᵽ˿ƾ֮ǰƾٱĽֹʱҲƺࡣ
Ժڶ¶ʮ֮ǰμӴ˽ƾٵĿݽȥС
ʵ󲿷ͨĿǲμӿƾٵġ
ÿһλѧӣһ֮УβμӿƾٵĻᣬ䲻ܳʮꡣ
ոͨԺĿԶԶЩѾԺѧӣǲμӿƾ٣Ҳǰװ˷ѻᡣ
Ǵͷƺһ죬ͻѧϰʱ䣬ԳߵΣ;Ҳߡ
һĿƾ٣⼤ңԺѧӣѡ˱âԸٵһ꣬ҲԸһ콾ᡣ
˵ЩŵЦЦ˵ûϵԺܰұɣ
ԣҲûȰֺ˵һЩƾص顣
һѧԭҪڿƾ֮󣬲ʽѧ
ŵҪμһƾ٣ԺΪǰѧ
ڼ䣬ȥ߲ȥԺԣƾٵĿúܻԸ
ƾٽ֪ŵҪרı˲ûдŵܿ͸ȥ
߳θԺϣ½૵˵Сһβμӿƾ٣ܲϰ񣿡
һȻʲôƾѵĴһʷϴûйϷ򿴣СȻûģֻǿϧٵ߰꣬״ԪضԺġ
ʵÿƾٵ״ԪֶĴԺ
ȷе˵磬ɽϪԺ
ԺΪƫ佫ÿһ켸ƺ״Ԫƾ״ԪԺ
һƾٵͬǡһų꣬νȺҫЩ壬ԼԺĴԺҪ״ԪǺѵ顣
״Ԫ̵һѾˡ
Щ壬һһΪӵ鷨ҽ鷨ʦ̻滭ֵƣƣҲǴСԺѧӣܿùǡ
θ
ŵڷУֽд˼֡
ûеȻĻȻ㲻ϳ󣬵Ҳ˵жÿ
鷨Ҳһǻңʦһ㶼дһֲ鷨
ŵϣڣһ鷨ҲΪüܣȴЩʧ
˵Щʦ鷨Ǵﲻˮ׼ҲһӦ㷨Ҫ
Īǵ鷨ﲻںϳΪüܵҪ󣬵ȴǿںϣԲûбֳ
ֻŵھĲ²⣬ǲǣ֤֤
֮뽫鷨ҲãҲ᲻һֻܾûףֻС˵СƾСˣˣ
ȻԺС
ҲûС
ΪֱӸ׳нĹ飬Щ˿ɲûɹ
ٺ
ٺϣԼˣʵô죬ʲôð취ûУѾʹλƿˣĳɼ⣬ƾٱȻС
ûйѾ޷ˣ˹ţǻ˵ã
ڵʲôð취Ǽλ͢ʦѾ˾ˣֲֹμӿƾ١
ʱһ˵Ȼֹμӿƾ٣ǿֹа
ٺĿ̵ʲô⣬˵
һλ°ϵĺ룬˵ˣĶӣдһŮӶյСС֮⣬ı壬˵ĿֻҪµ㹦򣬻𣿡
ٺ˵ϸ㡣
վ˵֪ϰСƣû취ֽţ鷨£ƣƣɶҪдֵģֻҪڿԺĿ٣Сѹ֣ɱŹȻͨƣҲϽʿ񡭡
룬˵ƺѹ֣ѹֵĿҲƵ£¿ֵģ鷨鷨һֹܽСͺˡ
ٺҡҡͷ˵ɲܾġ
ЦЦ˵ܾ
ÿƾٵĿ⣬ר˳⣬רġ
鷨һĳԼ٣Ȼͨ鷨֮пǳйԱҲпԺֻ鷨ҡ
ƣԵʽǹ̶ġ
ƣ˺Ϳ٣ӵһԡ
ˣ˵ƾ鷨ĳ˺κңˣκҵĶӣ˭
¡
һ߽£һ񣬶˵ˣͨ˾ץ˲ٻʦǽԼĻĵд˳ղţֿܼʼ鷨ˡ
޷үץ˭ǰץˡ
Ƭ̺˳÷
ипү֣Ҳ£Ǹû˸Ҵ˾ǰˡ
뿪֮ǰ
ĺ֮ŮȻ
Ժ׿
ֿ״Ԫ̡
ݲͥ
¬ʢ
Щ֮⣬ֽϻ֣Ԩǧꡭ

ϸֳһ˿ζЦݣ̧ͷǰգĿͣá
ʲôûС


168 в
Ժ
һԺſͣ¡
ŵƿ
ʾƺŵ˳ĽԺ
Ժ˵Ƚ룬ܼұҪһȴܵŵϵš
Ժ֮ڣ̫Σա
У£ԼҲӦԡ
ȡƾٿġ
С£˼Ժһˡ
Ƭ̺ԺĳС¥ڣЦ˵Сôˣæһ˵յÿվ͸ȥ
ŵӹЦ·Ժ鷳Ժˡ
ܵСһԺɣҪҪԺתת
ŵҡͷԺææ飬Լ߾С
Ҳûм֣һҪæݣСԺȻѧ¡
ŵ߳С¥Ժ֮Уһܡ
û븡꣬һƬ͵ľ
ߵĲݵϣѧڴ顣
еСͤҲڵ١
Ӹ֮УԺڿ

Ժ⣬ȫȻͬ硣
ŵܾöûַΧˣһԺλشѧʱĸо
Ժռ㣬˵֮ǰһʼ԰֣͸ԺΪµԺַԺɽˮŨŨѧΧ羰ҲΪ
һЩѧӣŵ߾
֣㲻μӿƾ𣿡
μӸƨμӿƾ٣Ÿ˼ҵʯҵһٿ
ǻõһꣿ
ʮ궼ȹˣٵҲ࣬Ҳǰװ˷ѻӡ
˵ƾٵЩĸ־鷨Ŀһɾδˡ
ʲôĸôû˵
κ˵İǽ鷨ĳ˺Ϳ٣͸¶鷨Щ仯д֣ͬȡѵһɼ㲻ǿ鶼ͨοƾ٣
ŵĽŲ΢΢һ١
ƾٵĿÿ춼ȫһ
УɣһĵԣԻΪʱˮīʱ򿼲ʻʱ΢Ѷȵ£߽Կ
鷨ٻб仯
о
ŵѧʵλ̨˵鷨仯ɲϸһ㣿
ѧŵԺԺЦʵȡһΪճɼ˵ǰҲûֻ̫鷨ɼͬ£дĸãοڸǰ桭
һƺûʲô仯
ŵȴ⵽˼
ĿǰΪֹֻС
Сܵþѣֱ壬¶ϡ
鷨ң𻭵ҸΪϡ٣ܼǱߣûи
ŵɣǲڹ
뿪Ժصθ֮ŵܼҵҲһ顭
ܼҵĶܿ죬һʱ֮󣬾͸ŵ𸲡
鷨ı仯Ǵ˽ƾ鷨ĳ˼ƶġ
ΪκѯǴ鷨ңûйְԺ鷨һν£Ҳ磬ûʲôѱ˾Ҳû취
ŵʱ˻ɣѵ鷨ĵģ
ܼʵү˸ʲô
ŵû£ʡ
ܼ˵κѯ˷ͦõģǣĶӣɲʲôöΪ͢٣֪˺ܶŭԹ飬үԴ

ŵڿȷ
ε鷨Ϊֵд
鷨ѧһѧԾǶԣǴȫԾǾѣһǼϣûвĿռ䡣
鷨ͬ鷨ٵۣͬһ鷨ƷͬĿ٣۲ȼķΧ֮ڡ
׵ĳˣĿƾ٣ɲʲô¡
˵ƾǺġ
Сһݣ׾ܱϳ
ŵ룬ܼҵȥ顭
ܼٴλʱ˵үµĹȻû֮ǰκѯͷйӴǲûв鵽ܻߵ֤ݡ
ŵЩп
үүԽԽˡ
ү꣬ҲǶʱںȻ̥ǣǱ˸һ㡣
үҲ
ѵҵѪ
ŵ֪ܼ뷨Сʵ̫ۣ϶ǲˣƾʮ첻þЩ⡣
ܼңʵЩ鷨ңôˣ
ܼҵڲ飬ܻҪһʱ䡣
ŵûжʱˣվ˵ȥ¡

Ժ
κá
κ
κߡ
һλߣ߳ԺѧӣſֵصԱĺк
κԺǴ鷨һˣֱͨ壬ѧ鷨žصĵλ
ƾ٣κ鷨һͼλ鷨ٵĹͬŬóͨ͢˶鷨ĵ
Ȼϣ֮ǰûʲôı䣬Ƴɼͬ£ó鷨Ŀϸռơ
ҪСһƣƾٵĿͬڴ˴֮䣬û̫Ĳ࣬һ΢ƣǰµ
뿪Ժ֮κѯȡһδ˿ĳһڡ
һΣֻҪǿ٣ǸĶӣϵõѡ
СŮҵֶѣѵǴ֮ãû취Ҳߵۡ
ǡޣ
γľˣ̫³һ̵
·˼ˣıܿ
κѯҪ뿪Ȼסȥ·
ԷŲƷͨˣסᷢ
κѯֻǵĿһۣʵΪʲôϷ򣿡
һָָϵһŨ̵˵ݡͷ̵ߣ£һգߡ
κѯϵ¶Ȼ֮ɫʵϷڳʮˣôûĹأ
ǲ˵˼Ǵ¸ոնµ¹棬ӽտʼʩС
κѯɫһ䣬˵ϷԺ֪¹棬λɷ̧֣
ԺλȻǹٸҲҪ֣Ҳһʱ䲻˵ĵ
ǲҡҡͷ˵ԺҲҪشɷλݵˣҪ򣬻ʵһ˰ɡ


169 
θ
ŵŷϳֵһ»
һߡ
ʣֽд˼֡
׭飬飬飬飬顭ֲͬı壬ͬǿʮĿ
ҪɣûôףҪݽʡۡ
ΰֻǸд֣Ǹµ顣
ӵȨޡ
˵£ǵطڹϽΧڣҲȨ

ǴĹŴĵ棬̵ȲҲ
ƾڼѧ۳ΪչִĹ÷òʱץһץǺбҪġ
ϧ鷨ûתüܡ
ץԶԶ
ŵ̾Ϣһ䣬ֽϵļ֣в⸡ֳЩ
ʵһֱ
һ磬󲿷ֵʷ֪粻һҲкܶණһеģӰټңֱ鷨壬ֺԡ
ͺһ磬һĻϹġ
Ȼ⣬ŵǬ಻ȥ룬ֽţֽ¨С
ֻܰŵһˡ
ƾûˣڣθڿΪ찲ĻרŶĽ
θİȣԺſڣȴʮ֡
κץµϢѾԺѶԺȻը
ʲôطǴ鳼ĵ̣ץȥˣһµ֪ı˶
κԺһ߷ڣ֪Ϊ˶ٶ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôץ
ţκһ޹ġ
Ȼ⵽Ⱥ
õϢԺѧ޲ߡ
鷨Ҳ𶯲ѣκѯѣӣҲʼԺſھۼͬΪκƽ
ٵʱǻԴ£һ˿η塣
ۼԽԽ࣬еǷݿ־ɢȻתΪŭ
ҵӣӦһȻ֮£վȨ
һȥκȳ
Ҫȥ¿飬˭Ըһǰ
ȥ
Ҳȥб¾Ͱȫץ

ȺУ֪˭һ̵õ˵Ӧ
˿ʼƺƵȥʮ˵Ķ飬ռֵƺƴޱȡ
ֵϵİǣԶԶĿһĻ׷˱ܡ
֪ЩԺѧôˣúõôϽˡ
Ȼ³򣬵ÿεǰڳƵʱ򣬳ойԱҪùˡ
ЩԺѧŴĵδ
һǳ͢Ҳ֡
ҲΨһӵȨʱ
ǸΪ٣֪ѭ浸ˡ
ƾٽѧӡ
˼ƣ׷ǰ
ڵ֪ԭί֮󣬲ٷԺѧӣҲ˽
Ⱥһ·ǰУһ·
˺ƴƣ;ѲֵĽ
Ȼְ𣬾άȶ£Ҳֻ̽ϱ
ʡ֪£߶ӣ˵һʱָʾҪ󳤰ؼ׸Ѹٲ¼Եɣ׷Σİѧƴ⣬ֹ¼һ󡭡
Ժ£һ·ԭʮ˵Ķ飬Ѿˡ
κѯļλӣԼԺѧΪµſڣµˮйͨ
κ
κ
ûд£Ǿڴǰĺſںš
·ߵĳ¥¥ż֮УӰȤĿ·һĻ
κץͬٺ˵Ԥϡ
û뵽Ժץ
Ҳǡǡ˵Ǵ˾٣סǵĸӵҪ
ٺʵЩѧ˭ɿģ
ԣ׷ҡͷ
Цĳô࣬˭ɿĲҪҪǣȺ첻µزµѧôճ
˿̣ڡ
á
ŹٷӰվС
ڳλһ뢣ΪܣֻʵʵվڽʸûС
ڽӵ֮󣬸ŵ٣һʱԸϵ£ŪԵɵͬʱֹһ񻯡
˶Ϊץκʲôѱ˭뵽򣬾ȻֻΪһ̵
Ϊһ̵ֳ
һλʷة˵ˣһС¶ѣֵô󣬻Ƿκ߰ɡ
˿ڲ裬С飬ҲغɷϣǺεȵطΪЩ˵ıȶòպִһΣ´֣ѵҪ𣿡
⡭
ʷةһʱԡ
仰˵û
ҲҪ˭˵
˵ôôء
ңģȻվɷƸߵ㡣
ǣһлǺϹġ
⣬ʵܹ֤ջκ뿪𣿡
ɰ참°Ȼ뿪ɿ⣬ңͼ͢ҪţջҲδء
ɰ참ȷȰɣɡ
ʷة̾˿˵¹ٻȰɢȥģϣ˵㻰
߳£ۼѧǣڳ֡
ʷةߵȺ֮ǰһεϢɢ
Ϣ紺棬궯ģ𽥰
Ȼ
ǳһǵһμӵкȻҹԱ
Ҳǰǿˣ
˸ܵϢСȻ󳹵ʧ
޳ȻĹԱֵεġ
ʷةˣ˵԰꣬ʷةԶʷ̨飬κȷǴһһյĳͷٱ֤κһᰲȻ뿪ű١
ڳˣҵġ
ǿԲŴ£Բʷ̨ٻһλӵкȻĹԱ͡
Ⱥǰʵλˣκʦʲô
ʷةȻЩݣ˵¸ոհ䲼һ¹棬ͷ̵ֹΥ߽£һա
ȺݵİȻͱһɧҡ
ʲôأ
̵Ҫܣ
һǴµıλ˲Ҫƭˣ
һ˵ģ

ۿȺٴγʷة˫֣΢΢ѹɧҺܿٴƽϢ
ĿɨȺڵűٵĻȻȥٱ֤κһܰõĴӴ³
Ļ£˵Ⱥʼһӿ
һϵˣɢȥվ˽ֵߡ
ЩǴֵѧӣЩǱʷة˵Ժѧ
˵Ǽ٣վͻǺκûʲôϵԸλһĴһʱ䡣
ԼĪһԭء
κѯĵӣԼԺѧ
Ⱥǰһ˵Ŵˣǲ㣬ʲôط˶κʦ˥Ȼܲסµĥ죬һҪ˴ߣ
ʷة˵ʲô
һӰӴ߳
һɫ꣬Ŀɨˣɿѧ£͢ҪǺôĵӣʮʮ֮ڣ뿪˲׷ʮ֮󣬻ģȫԾ
£ɫ΢䡣
ǣİ
ǶԺѧһͨɷ
ڴĻǸκ飬ֻҪմϾڣȡ
ƣ£ǲ³ٸǴ
޷ѧݺ˶࣬Լ͢Ϊ̬ȣŸô
Ҫɾִˡ
꿴ǣ΢ЦʮţˣߡʱŶ
ĵ˻վĬĬ˳Ⱥ
һ
һ£мӰ˳ڴſھģֻʣ²ʮˡ
ЩвĿᶨ˿塣
Ҳûٶ˵һ䣬ֻǻ˻֣¡
һȺۣӴ¿첽ܳܿͽЩѺȥ
ʷةˣҲ¶֮ɫ
ɰ£ʷ̨Ȩ֡
Щѧǣƽַͨʽαȳ͢ò
Σѡˡ
ΧȺһƬž˴ҳֱЩ˱ץߣǲʶǴ£ǳá
͢û취οǣ
ߵſڣͷһۣվʲôɢ˰ɡ
ȺȻɢ
һѧɢ뿪£·ϻСۡ
䣬鴫
ڽϾ˵ˣЩԲǼٵġ
ĵģûݵġѽ

һλѧӸҪ˵ʲôδ˵꣬ºȻһȻˤڵأƨɸʯϣʹޱȡ
˫ֳȴоʪʪĻģһ֪˭µһ̵СĲȵʱŪϡ
н˺ëֱԭǬŻ˺һһţһŭץĺãץðЩ̵ļһȫץ
С
֣վ÷ſڣŶӣѺηЩѧӣĿһ˿ײο֮ɫ
θŵվԺĪʼķ䣬־ɡ
ô£bugˣ


170 μ˺ϣ
ŵǰһ
֮ϣЩ³ֵĻ񣬺κѯĻһʧˡ
ȻĻҲ㣬ŵ塣
ζ鷨Ҳá
ŵһɻʱǡܼҴ߽ͷʵ淢ʲô𣿡
ܼҲүô֪ˣ
ŵһ£ʲôˣ
ܼҵүץκĵӣһЩԺѧܵ£Ҫ·
Ȼأ
ȻүЩ¶ץˡ

ŵ˿ѹַϻ̵ֻΰ
ɿ⣬£ٸ¶һ£Ҳýȥꡣ
͢ЩѧݣӦò̫صĺ
ȻֱµԴͷ
Ϊץκѯżӵĵ˾¼ķ飬Ĺϵ
á
ҲʡٿȥЩ鷨ʦˡ
ʱС
ʡѾյʷ̨;׸õķ
һڹԱ
ЩѧΪǴɷģǼصǶԳ͢ϵļơ
ˣץͷģն׶֡
̫͢Щѧˡ
ǲһִΪ͢ÿһζá
ɲǡ
κѯΪȨ󹴴иЩС͢Ĳ֪
Ϊ֪
úõģ
Щ˹Ȼдǵ⣬治طǡ
ЩǳѧױɿȺ壬ƾڼʮ۾ܣһСģͻֵʰĵز
ĵʱ˭˭ͲҪˡ
ƫƫµְȨɰµ£˱£ʡҲûȨǷˡ
Ҫ£辶

ʡԱһţҲƴǣ˵ȥʣǲܱ֤
̹֣л¡
ʱ¡
ʢһ̽ʵЩѧã
ɣǾô׵ķǣ´ǿ»Ч¡Ϊ𣿡
˰֣˵ǣʲôģе̣ȣ塭
Ƭ̺󣬴һӣ˵˵ŵ⺢ӣѣһˣľͿ˸һЩ꣬ѵһֱװɵ׾
˵ͷûзϡ
ɴ۾Ծԭ˵ģ
һ̣ϵıͱЩԹ˵ô飬ű˾Ͳ˵ˣô
һӣ˵ΪˣˣˣҲڣϣ²Ҫ֡
̾˿˵ˣҲ⣬Ͼĳ̫ˣǱֵ㵱һЩ˿Ҳ
һ֮󣬴뵽һ飬Ȼ̧ͷʵ˵⺢Ӳ㵱һ״Ԫɣ
ڣ˵ɲаҪ״ԪҪ˰ͳ˱÷ˣˣȫˡ


뿪һʱŴӴ»ŵļλԱ˵˵ˣǳͲ׷ˣͻǡ
ԣ˿
ֻǹգ϶ˣǲμӿƾ١
ѾǺܺõĴá
ǻǵȥԺһˣ֪ýͬʱԺѧӵΪľٶ
˶Դ˹֣л¡
һ˵ܹлΪ˰ǣǷ˲ٿ࣬ƤӶĥˣô²׷ǵ𣬱Ҫ԰ӣǰ궼Ӧ԰ӿҲǿţû¡

ڶա
ڶԺѧſڡ
ûǰ㾲ֻԶԶĹš
֪˶ãһӰӴ߳
ѧǿһĻ׷׻
κ
κˣ
ķκ
κѯ߳£ʶʶʲôһŨ̵ȥ
˷׷ӭκͷţûܵʲôĥ飬ҲƽϢȥ
̵ǣȱץµκˣƽĵӺѧٱ졣
˵ŻͷЩˣʱѡŴ¡
Ҳֻš
պ
Ϊ±ؽµˣȻԼͷš
ˣⳡ־糹ƽϢ˵עе˼Ŀƾϡ
һεĿƾ٣ǳʢ¡
죬һƾ٣ӵ塣
ǿƾ״Ԫ״ԪлΪܱ˹飬һٳΪ׹ݣһ죬ǰ;ޡ
еѧӣǰŬ
ԺκѯڻӺīļӣ¶֮ɫ
һջֲ֣ÿгϣ
ĳľ˽լһӰָƿ¶һоյı顣
һլۡԺУˣ䴩ġ
Ƥڵ꣬ڸӵĳϼۡ
ݲиһλͷңӰƿ߳Ȼ˿ޱȣڸ֮µһ˫۾ȴ˸ǵĹâ

³һ
峿θſڡ
ŵ׼ǰԺ
һμӿƾٵѧӣʮ򣬷ɢڳʮԺ
ٵĿԺҲǧˣĿԺͬʱϡ
ŵڵһԺĴԺĿǰԺ
⼸ԺڳڣãҲǶĴԺѧӵŴ
ŵڳƿվӺĽ˻֣˵ǻȥɡ
ƾٲǴԺ֮ϣ֮⣬˵Ƚ֮ڡ
μվſڣԶȥаϣ
ϣܿ״Ԫƾͺá
ʻڳͷƾڼ䣬̻Сռݽֵֵ֮ϣ洦ɼϸѧӡ
·ĳʱŵƿ΢΢һ֮󣬶վȴһӰ˻֡
׷˵ԲҪģдڲֽϣûʲôдǰ룬Ҫǰ
Ŀ뿪³а
ڱӣܿ״ԪһҪȫС


171 Ϊ

ƾٵһԺ
һԺǧˣǾܻõĿԺ֮һŵһ뿼ԺȻ͸ԷֿݿԼĺŷ
ʹһƾٵĵһƣҲơ
𴺿ƾٵѶҪö࣬Ҫѧȡᣬͨ£ὫԼóĿĿǰ档
ŵĿ״ԪȻȡᣬ鷨滭ɷ£ĸҪ
ȴһŷв鷨⡣
һοĲǡʮеݣһƪ鷨ȫʮ֣Ҫֲͬı壬ƪдһ顣
ֱ壬ָ鷨Ĵ࣬׭飬飬飬飬ѡֲͬĿǲԵģᱻЧ
ԼţΪ˽ʡʱ䣬Ҳֻдһƪںͱ˳ɼͬ£ֻš
ŵ׼ĳ֡
ֻС鷨һԭα¶
պīߣÿ飬飬飬ֱдҲǵͨеֱ壬õС
εĿһӣר鷨ͻġ
ŵ鷨ں棬һŷ⡣
ů飬ո߻Ӱء
ɨһۻĿŵ¶죬ǧӣûа׻λ͢ϻʦδضôտѺһ
ƾ٣Ļǻ
ҪһϣõˮīͲʻּʫľ󻭳
һǰĴȣŵվŴʮλʦ
ֻɨһĿо˻档
ʱûе緹ʱ䡣
ŵ˵㶫ںŷˮͰдˮϴ֣Ǭ󣬲Ŵɷ⡣
ɷĿǶʮ
ĸѣ췶Χ㣬Ҫɡؼɡؼɡؼɡȡ
ƾٻҪְɡؼɡؼɡؼɡġɡ
ĿѶȣҲǴܱȵģɡŵ治һܴԲ
ŵɿ֮ʱһԺһŷ
褸ոշɿƿ⡣
ЩĿҪ˵İɣҲİҪ˵ϤƺҲûжô졣
ÿĿдϼ䣬ࡣ
Ψһǵú
ߣʮеŹߣʮϹŹˣһȣϣӶȣʮϣȡ
ĿΪ˳еŹʮϣʮ£ӶȣҲǰʮȡ
ǰ󲻾õʱ䣬λԺѧӵĺŷУץ˼ıʧͬʮֽʡ
ʱһŷ
ѾɷµĴ
ɷѣֻҪɡѲ̫ףøϻɵġ
£鷨滭óģþãҪȻչʾƵĻᶼûС
ŵĿ֮ڣѾʼһˡ
¿е˼
ƾٿԣʫĿǡ˶ԿǵףڼĿƾٿϣһֵܰܡ
д꿪ʫٿµĿŵñȴ򵥡
Ȼʱ䣬Ҳ˲鼮Ҫģ͵ĸ״Ԫ
Щ¿öˣȻ١
еĿŵһѲߵĿʱ䣬֪յĿԽаʱ
ŵǰᱻץڿš
ŵ˵ʱܳԣ
Դ󲿷ˣ
鷨һЩɷҲǻǻᣬҲûޣ滭Ҫ˼ʫҪ˼ҲҪ־䣬ѵʱȻöࡣ
һƣҪȡᡣ
ȡܳɼģҪŴԼƿĿСƿĿĲ࣬ηʱ䣬ڿ֮ǰҪá
ʱ
ƾٵһƣʽ
𣬸άĿԱӸǰ߹֪ͨǷ±ʣ½߳
̶̵ʱ֮ڣԺӼµİļӡ
ʱ̫ˣµĿûд
ãǰ鷨ģֻüдһòӰɼ
ҾͲˣһֻһ룬һ֪ܲܲμӣ
Ժſڣ˰ͦأ˴ͷɥ
֮⣬ɷΧڽϡ
ŵһξ룬ԶԶľͿ˼Ӱߵԣվȶˣ˵÷ôųҶһʱˡ
ŵĿ褣дֻʣʱ褾Ȼʱ
ЦƾǻᣬǲᣬҲ벻ǿƵģ¶첻ȣ˯Һܲ
ʵһԺĿܿ쿪ȣΪ˯̫ԱߵĿͶߣȻ󱻿ѲԱ˳
ӰӿԺ߳褻˻֣˵ῡ
ԣμ˿ŵûü˵ʲôһӰȲʵô
μ˿һۣĽ
ŵǣЦЦ˵á
ʵῡǿô
ҡҡͷ˵ãҵĿᡭ
ῡҲ̾鷨ֻüдһҲһûꡭ
ǵļ˵ʲô̾ģѲǻнʿоͿУʱһȥиɳһҵ
Ƭ̺θʻȥ
ʱŵһġ
ȥʱ褺ԾѡС
ڣŵһţĽڶ档
˶Ĭû˵ֻĽһֱߴߴʶġ
μų֮⣬֪Щʲô
ĿҲմ
ŵƣĵģҲǵһһʧǰҲٿˡ
ˣŵһġ
ǰѴĵ鷨ʦҶٸһɣںáʮǿҲµġ
ƾٵڶſʼ
ֻһˣƾٵĿнʮ򣬶ҿƾٵľϸһ֮ڣû취ƵĿ
ŵûеθһԺУеĿͱ͵ľĳ
ڴģƾ˵Ψһͨ·͢Դƾ٣ȻҪȴϸĶ࣬Եľľ
鷨Ϊ
鷨һλ٣ܾյĳɼһɷ֡
ǿóϲ飬˲飬һܣѹͿ
ƾٲ鷨ԣÿһλĿλٽģлܡ
λ٣óͬı壬ǵóۣߺ͵ĶᱻȥȡмƽΪճɼ
Ϊֹƽƶȣʹÿƾ׵ĿԼСܿΡ
һԺ鷨һ䱸ʮ١
еĿ٣Լķ֮Уŵľ
κѯ֣ʱȥ
Ϊƾ٣鷨ĳ˼٣ľһЩ£ȴԲؿǵ
ľһ졣
֮ǰҪܳƵܳɼһԵĿ
鷨һƵĳɼѾϡ
һԺǧǧ鷨Ծ
УûС
ϵģʮһݡ
׵ʮŷݡ
鷨ͬ׵ϵĿʮݣʮλ˼׵ȣУҲݼϵĿͬһˡ
Ϊ٣ֻܸȣ˵ˣıŶסˣȫž˿׵Ŀܡ
չм׵ϵĿҪٹĿ
Уٿĵ
κѯĿһɨ¶ɫ
ȻûС
ǿƾ٣ܲԼóı塣
ΨһĿǣĶڴϳӣƾ֮ϣûзӳߵˮƽ鷨ڼ׵¡
˲ǻأʱʱ̶̿õ״̬κѯԼû״̬ʱд֣Լ뿴ڶۡ
Ļû취ˡ
ܴܲǧԾУǷСԾҳѹ
ҲΪΪôԵľٶѲ֪°뱲Ӿˡ
ԭ뷨СԾõ׵ϣԽѹ»ϵĶԼʧ󣬾Թˡ
㣬κԼ
һλٽӼϵԾУóݣ˵κңݿҪҪΪѡ
ݿеĿ٣˼ϵֵֻۣϡ
ƾٺʹͬƾ֮ϣÿһѵĳɼþ෽ۣöЧ֮󣬳͢ҲԾѵԾʡ
ԾеĿٶΪʸΪѡ
κѯνݿۺ룬Ŀо֮ɫ
ԾУԼӰӡ
Ծˣ㲻ĵӣӦҲġ鷨²ˡ
жҪأ鷨ͻ滭ҪеģÿһݾԾᱻ͢ٴβ飬⣬Ҳᱻ
ˣǿǼϲԾֻϡ
ʵϲԾ˿ƾ֮ҵΪӵ˼
κѯ˼ͷԾΪѣ
пٳɵǳ͢
κѯ˻֣˵͢ʾʣʲô飬Ϸһе


172 ʤ
Զļλ٣ȻҲ޻˵
ǱҲãſԵõѡ
οӱʷǳκһΪ٣ƫ̻ԼѧҲ
˵Ҳƫ̻
˵֣Ѿң鷨Ҳ˵ǳ͢˳ɼˣˣǾѻǾѡ
ˣ鷨һƵĳɼѾ
ͬһԺ֮УƵľҲѽβ
οƾ٣ֻһۺĿȻĹ̷һ㣬Ҳ鷨Ҫ졣
еĿѾˡ
ֻʣһλƿ٣Ѿһϡ
ǲΪ˻ӦΪεȶᣬΪϵȵġѡûһλ顣
ڽĵʱλ٣Ͷ˾ѵۡ
ȥһۣȥһۣҲѡ
ֻѧϰ
ĻԨĹʣǧīд⣬Ľṹ벼֡
ССһſǴһﵽ˴ʦˮ׼ǻ񻭵ļߣ֣顣
ʲôҲִʦ
ƾٵĿͲܳʮʮ꣬ܽеֵزҲʵ˾̾
ƾвˣȥĴԺһҲ´ࡣ
λһλԺĻ˵ǵˡ
ԣ¿ƾ֮ϣѵ˵Щ鷳Ҳһ顣
һĴڣɿƵĿҲѾ
黭ɷĿûʲôĵ㡣
еĿб׼𰸣ֻҪǿкúñɷɼ̫ͣһҲֲ
һԺɿƴ޿޵ģʮ֮ࡣ
ϣ׵ȣǲ
ɿƴúûãҪ黭¶ãۺϵĳɼǰС
鷨滭ɷƣѾܳ˳ɼֻʣ¡
һƣûй̶Ĵ𰸣뿼֮䣬Ҳнϴķ磬ÿζġ
ԼݶΪϵԾʮλۡ
⼸ݴ¶òɼѧӶԾϤʲôë
˵鷨滭ƣоѳ֣⼸ݿҲɣҲϡ
ĵ˵һݾѵԾǴһЩ鷳
鷨ͻ滭Ŀ٣鷳Ϊ鷳ⲻѣԵǲΡ
εһԺһƵһλˡ
˼֮˵λã⼸ԾһݿΪѣ
ʮλûоκ飬׷ָһݡ
Թ޵һ޵ڶ
˵Щû취ֳ¡
λĿʫдĺá
䣬񳯷ŵ˼ġ
㼲һտ
̶ľ䣬ܺõд˿ƾǰ仯ǲɵԼꡣ
ΪҪιԣһԺ¿٣ǴӳʱĹԱ
ƾǰã벻֮ĵ񻶣ľʫ˵ǾʿдգΪٵǣҲй
οݿǿʫдúá
֣ڶ࿼УҲӱ
ƾٿʵܲ˵ָΪͻѡصں鷨ȥ߹ԡ
ݣֻݿϵ֣á
ҪѣȻݿĪ
ʵҲΪһݣ˵ͷ˵Ҳд⡭

տƾٵ̣ƽ֮󣬾ͿԻܹμһƿԵѧˡ
ɷ⣬鷨滭УĳһƳ־ѵĿҪٶһ衣
ƺѵõѣҪɿԺϱƾ˵񲿺ǲרˣԾѵĿ⿼˽ס
ڶԵһԺݾԾУºͻ滭Ŀõ˿ٵϿɣ˳ö˾ѵۡ
鷨ϣȴһЩ⡣
˵󿼹٣ΪλѵԾӦñΪϡ
ΪٵκңΪԾӦǾѡ
˭ҲԸãô
һԺĳڣռȽš
κѯɫָ࣬һλߣŭɶдĶã⻹ѵĻʲôѣңʲôѣ
ߵƳһۣ˵ΪһҪѡݾأϷдúãﲻϷеľѣΪκҵѧǾѰɣ
κѯŭƨ
һЦ˵κң㲻ҪΪ˶Ϲӣ⿬飬飬飬һֲ͸κζ˵ǲѧ
Գκѯ˫۳Ѫ˿Ļ
ջƵĸûŹУǱԼġ
˵֪ǲѧдģǣҲǵʵ
⼸ĳɼûκè壡
οƾٵĳ˺͢ѡԼûѡջƵģ鷨һʮʼձԼѹһͷ
һֱջƵġ
ڸˡ
˽˶ԹƾϣΪӰ޹ѧӵǰ̡

κѯҲѹֲסŭһŨ̵ߵϣݺݵ߳һţ䲻ߵڵأκѯȥһһߴ
ʲôҲϷ򣡡
͢㵱٣Ϊģ
Լд֣С۸
Ϸ㣡

һĻ̫죬
Ӧ֮ʧȥǵκѯߣ֪ĻǴģѾ˹ȥ
˭Ҳû뵽ƾôĳϣȻᷢ顣
κҵһʱ䱻ƣƴҲ̧̫ҽԺʡõϢ֮һλɲȻŭԺʱλ٣ʷ̨ල˵һԺݿ
Щ٣κƴңƽﶼûʲôϵ
֮УһλߺȻļʷܹԵĹƽ빫
Ժ֮ڡ
Ծϡ
λ鷨٣һλʷΧԣʡʷ̨ĹԱһԵȴ
һλ˽ſϸĶһ̾ҡҡͷ
ʡһλԱô⼸ݿֵѣ
Ŀиֳһ˿ŭɫ˵֣ڿƾг֣⣬ƴ̫ˣ˵٣ǶԿƾٵ裡
༸ˣҲڡ
ݿΪѡ
ֹѣ˵֣ʤѾκˡ
ƴҾϲ⣬κҲ飬⼸ϣЩϵĿ׵ȶϡ
ԱλʷߵŴӿƿ˵޿顣
ڿƾٿҪ󣬵Ȼܺ鷨ȡ
ƾپѵԾ鷨磬ʲô㲻ϡ
⼸֣鷨ҲǾԵľƷ
ǿƾ԰ٷۣʮֵĿΪϣһٷΪѡ
ֵˮ׼ѡ
Ե鷨ۣ⼸֣Ȼ㲻Ͼѣϻ߼׶ɣͬı׼Ŀϸѡ
ʱ߳
Ϊκ˽ס
û뵽ǻƴҹ˽𣬶鷨ң˵֣һϣһ¡
ܻƴҲû뵽κһΪ˹ֹľٶ
Ѿȡ鴫ȥ֮󣬿ȦӣҲҪɨˡ
κ׵֤ųʱؿͦĺܸߡ
аվսʤ壬֪͢һỹ
ڳˣǿԺĿ٣ǳ͢ĹԱͶĿ⡣
κ飡
ҵ岻ѡ
κʦڣǿƾ֮֮

˵κѯЦŹ˹֣˵Ӧõģ͢ϷǶϷΣϷƴϹͷҲܹ͢Σÿʮ꺮Щϡ


173 ߵԤ
³塣
⣬ԺſڣΧ˿ƾٿ
ѽ죬Űӡ
ֻϰĿʸμƺƵĿԡ
ſԺԱһӵϣѰԼĿţλԺԱ棬
һʮˣң
һǧʮҲң
̵ģһƶû

ƽ֮󣬲Գɼ
ֻеȵпĿʮԺɼܣ֪˭״Ԫ
Ҳǳ͢ⱣֵظС
˶ãƾٵ״ԪڵһԺ
ȻĳɼûйСϢһԺУλ鷨ѣһλѣһλ¾ѡ
Сƣ£һѶûС
ĿԺҲûд˭þѵϢ
һƾ٣ʮֻأŵŵۣǵںƣһֱĴԺѧӵǿ
һԺԾĵĹУһЩС
磬κ鷨ѿٷˡ
κΪ˵ӵĹٴ֡
͢ɳλ٣ǲʷԼලöſѵĵȼΪ˽𣬿ѹѧӷ͢ٵʸ񣬲á
͢Ȼûطƴҵȴ׳ˡ
ĵѧһʱޡ
ԭһ֣ӣ鷢Ʒ۸񱩵ղƷˣʧ޴
һЩƴֵĵ̺˽լǰҶժЩժˣ̾ϲǽòҶͳ
෴ǣκΪƽΪѧӳͷѧʦһʱǣ鷨Ʒļ۸Ҳһǡ
ľߴɫʵ飬ѧд
ЩϰĿûհЩǻ׼յơ
褵ȻڴС
οƾ٣Ѿˡ
һԺǧƽ֮󣬻ʣһǧˡ

ҲûбʲôϣҲ˵ʧ
Ѿ滮δ·һһῡ˵ߣȥȾƣڲöЩˣͣ˯˯
ῡ˰֣˵ˣһ¡
ҲҡͷҲ£һȥɡ
üͷʵǲֵˣʲô飬ȺҺȾƻҪ
ῡͷ˵Ҫԡ
Ŀ𴦣˵Ҳǡ

θ
褴ͷɥ߽Ժӣŵ˵÷ϰˡ
ŵ˵ͷһûлɹѹûȥ
褰̾ˣôأ
ʵǰ˵״Ԫֵܼãƶ
Ȼˡ
ˣῡˡ
ܣֻһ
ѽˡ
֮ǰһģǲǱ͵͵ѧˣ
褸ո뿪ã͹ͷԵĴ߽ո߽СԺȲʵ㼲һտǲдģ
ڿƾٽ֮ǰѧǵĿǲܿġ
ԼϢȡ
εһԺһƣΨһһݾԾʫһ䡣
ŵ˵ͷ
͵ػ˻ȭǰ˶˵Ҿ֪㣬Ҹ͵Щڳ
ŵʵƵľҲɣ
ŵ֪
ڽûг֮ǰҲû취ȷĴ𰸡
ƶ϶㣡
ûˣŵɿĵģ޷ҵģɿƵòѣҲȥ
뵽鷨̾˿
˵鷨ѣκĵӡ
Ϻͼ׵ȣҲûдСġ
˵鷨ֻܼ¡
ƾѣʵѾ㹻ƣ鷨һֽ޴Ĩƽ״Ԫ֮λ˼ֲȷԡ
ЩӰŵĻû˵ֻǵҲˣú׼Ŀ԰ɡ
뿪ʱӭײӰ
μǣĽ֣Ŀӣһֱַֿ뿪Ҳδκｻ
ֻǣ߽ʱμ˻ͷԺеŵ
Ŀо񡭡
ûڶһ磬ŵһԺ
ǿƾ٣ŵǵôʱƹ󣬾̭һϵƾٵƣֻ̭ķ֮һ
ķ֮һ»㣬ϵӽĴԺġ
ԼĴԺģǾɸѡٮٮߣôױ̭
ڿԺſڵȴʱСۡ
һԺ鷨Ȼλѣ⻹ǵһΰɡ
Ҳһţ˵ЩǶ硣
£ȻҲܳѣǲѵġ
㼲һտģʫдãôдأ

ſԺŴ򿪣룬ԼĿ
ǿƾٵĵڶῼơ
봺һѧһ֮ڣƵĴ
˶ѡȴƣΪһҪѵͷԣǵȵٴԴجج׳
ŵҲѡȴơ
ȻǶʮĿĿҲ࣬ƾĿѶȣҪȴˡ
ԷΪԪƾٵһԪӼ˵ȫһġ
Ĵģʱһ鶼Ѽ
ŵȫԼڲֽϼһ飬֤֮󣬲ŻдʽԾϡ
ʱһһĹȥдʱŵɨһĿ΢΢һ㶡
Ҳ̫ѣǡ
ĿӣȥΪλĿ
һǽı壬Ѷһ̨ס
һŲ⡣
Ȼԭ⣬ͬһࡣ
˵ƾ٣Ϊɸѡ˲ţƵĿһС仯ԭָľ
Ҫ˵ѰɣĿҲ˵ѣҲӣҪȷ˼·ֻ֪ѧǽⲻĿġ
ƶʮĿʮܼЧɼ
֮ÿһһʮȫΪѣһһȡ
Ŀŵ΢Ϣһ𿪷ƿŷ⡣
һƾûʲôѶˣͬʱֲ֣еĻ񣬲˼Ŀʼʡ
ŵѾĿʱһԺУ󲿷ֿڴơ
֪˿ĿһãȻ
ĿǺ;صġ
һйսˮһйݲźʵ壬֮ǰûѧ⣬ͷԣ֪⡣
˼һԾûֻȽ£ʼƵĿ
⣬ǲᣬҲδػᡣ
ʱĳУĿ¶ɫ
ĿλȻûкһθָǽƵģǵôơ
ǵĿܿд˽ⷨ
һû˼·ֱȡƵĿ
Ŀŷȡֽ㣬һϲȻһ㶣һ̣ëֱһͷƤĸо
ǰڼſڿһλͷ
ͷһŮһһٿ͸һӡ
ͷӣǵøһԡ
Щʱ²ͷһ㡣
ͷҵָ˵Ժܵࡣ
ЦˣݲвƷʿУ࣬ƨ
ͷЦķϣͷһӡ
ȻͷҪһԡ
ʱҲû룬ֻǴȤ˵б£һ㣬ĿƾƿļĿ
̫ˣûô
û뵽ͷȻֺ֪ҵָǣֱǣ
񣺼ũ
ެ
񣺹١
񣺹ޡ
񣺻̫Ӿٰ
Уٴεͷ˿ƾٵƿͷģֺ
˼ֵ
мۣ񣬼̫磬ؼ򣬼ĺؼ¡
ڲͬҵĹʹʽƲͬ
ʳ֮ؼؼ֮ؼ֮ؼ֮ؼÌć֮ؼ֮
ȵȵȵȣΪҵĲͲ˵ˣϸֵÿһƷĹԱɥ֮вͬϸڵ˷ָ
ÿһֵ񣬶в̺ͬ͹ƣ֮ܽȫͬǣ󲿷̶ͬģֻҪܴЩܵøҡ
ҪɼߣҪึʮʮǰٱŬ
Ȼǵòʧġ
һƣ£ûôףϣͬס
ʱ򣬸ǿ
ܺãģƾٶˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôؼ֮ʱ䣬ʹģͷ˵ǣֺı
ڻԼĪ
ֲǡ
ǰ飬Ǹʱ򣬿ƾٵĿٻûȷƵĿȻҲȷ
˵ͷǿ٣ǿ٣ĿҲֱӶģǴġ
Ȼǰ£ƾٵĿ⣡
зڿƾٵĿϣٴ뵽ߵЩ
˿̡
֮⡣
ܼҿϣһβͲݣȻһ顣
ͷ֮ǰ˵үԵ
ʱмһˡ
룬үүһ״ԪĵȢӦͷԤԡ


174 ƾٽʱ
𣬿ֹͣ𣬻߳Ժ
һƲͬƽʱ򣬿һ˼ģ˵Ц
ƺƽ󣬴󲿷ֿһƣ룬һԲ
ûڿƺЦ߳
鷨ͻ滭ڻ᲻ᣬɷµĿҲдϼ䡣
ƲᣬĲᡣ
ƿйоأûʲô˵ġ
ƵѶȣκһ졣
ǾͨѧѧӣʱҲһ޴ֵĸо
ڿƾ֮ǰǾ͵֪Ϊɸѡ˲ţĿܻЩ仯ȴҲûϵ仯ô
ѾĿĿҲûҪھᣬǲᣬҲᡣ
ƺƵĿ𰸶ǹ̶ģҪһЩ
֮󣬸Ժ͹˽
ƾ٣Ŀѳѡ
֮УֲپѵԾҪǵĽⲽ裬̶ȣ̶ּ˭״Ԫ
á
ʮԺʮƾѣһˡ
ϵֻ࣬ˡ
׵ȵĵǲ٣ʮλ˵ֻп⡣
θ
Щп˵ǼϼһȻˣʮŵĿλ˳
ǵ򵥵ĽĿҲĸá
û뵽Ѷȵ£̶һʱ䣬λѧȷĽⷨӢ۳꣬Щˣѧδ
Ȼ˲֪˭ǷݾѵԾȻС
һӹɡ
ʵǲӦóĿ
ѧӲƽ
ǣܳĿСǵģôһġ
ֻҪμӿƾ٣ûܺ״Ԫλá
λ뿪θʱô߽
οƾ֮ϣƾȻҲһݾԾ
Ϊˣ񲿶ˣɴ˴УԱɵȥһԺǷݿ
Ҫ֪ǽȫһֲ©ȥҲֻܵõϡ
һЩϸڣֹֻ֯Щ񣬲дĳ
Ƿݿˡ
û취ô
λȥ񲿣ѵѧϰֱӽеλá
ɴҲ˵ˣȵƾٳɼ֮һҪλȡ

ƾÿһƣ࿼һգľҪա
ֿʱһԺнһǧˡ
ƽֻ̭ˡ
УȻпƾٿʵǿԵʣԭǵһԺ۵ıǴѧӡ
һЩĿԺƹ̭˳ɵġ
ԺŴ򿪣մʱĴԺѧӣҲ
滭ؼ鷨ƣƾֿƿԣÿһλĵ࣬λٽУȥߺ͵ۣȡʣλٵƽ
Ϳ֮䣬ڵٿ忼
ȻԱ֤㹻ĹƽֿƲҲֻ̬һεĻᣬ̫ţٳӲѣǰȡ㹻ƣҲпһꪡ
յĿԣʱΪţΪһ֮ڿֿƣһǧλ˶ʮСĿ
ˣֱɫԺŲŴ򿪣ѧ½߳
ֿƵĳɼֳͻǲ֪ɼȴᱻֿ֪Ƿͨ
ֿ״ԪӦ÷Ī˰ɣ
Ȼѵĳɼôֿܲ״Ԫ
һţλٳ׳Уĵ̲ס죬ѾԺ
˵λ֮ȫ˾ѵۡ
ܶ˶ãֿ״ԪǽλֵĪ
û뵽ĴԺ֮УȻҲֿܻƾѡ
ݵʱŶӵļ˵òӢȴʶ
ǼλֱĴԺȴһʶʹһʱԡ
Ϊֿ״ԪǴĪ뵽ǣ߿ԺУҲһλֿƾѡ
ǿƾٵĶʮֻأ϶ѳֵֿƣһ죬Ȼλѣ⻹Ǵûгֹ顣
ֿ״Ԫֻһջ˭ң
ƾֿƵ̫ة̡
˵Ҳ⣬ֻֿƿԵʱѲѲӿලල٣쳣С
ݣȻûжȨȴų͢Ͽɡ
ľһεĸо
һƾٵ״ԪֻƷ
̣ȴѾǴƷˣͬ״Ԫ߰뼶ǵͬʿУһ
һеԴͷҪ׷ݵΪ¥ץ¡
˶˵޵
˵ǷǸء
ѾõϢοУֿƳλѡ
ֿƲĿԾԶԱȣֿƣֲͬԺĿɼͬ
ʱҪƽ֮󣬽˿߳ɼĿͳһ٣һ˭ֿ״Ԫ

Ѿλֿƾѵݣһλǿƾ֮ǰǺߣпֿܶ״ԪλԽݵֵš
һλˡ
λֵţûгɻ顣
ȭСֹĸӣһҪӮ
ʱҲѾλֿƾѡ
ֿƱϾֳУѵĳɼ˲Сĺ䶯˵ݣܲصס
λֿƾѿݣܿͱ֪
һλǽֵţֵңСչ¶˳ֵ츳
һˣǴ֮ӣƵһڴͿƾٵֿƣõ˾ѵۡ
ȻǳֵңĸףȴǶʮǰ״Ԫͬóֵ
˵ڿֿƵĳУ˵ÿʧ̬˭նֿ״Ԫ޷Ԥ⡣
ճΪֿ״Ԫģ֮ӣûʲô˵ġ
λֵţͻΪδѡ֮һ
ĸĳѾ̿ڣĶ˭ܳΪֿ״Ԫ
θ
ŵҲ֪顣
Ϊֿ״Ԫʮþȣû뵽ƾ֮ϣи֡
̵ʵŵȻϿɵġ
¹£ݲð⡣
룬ǽܼҡ

ֿƽĵڶ죬űҪơ
߽Ժεĸо
Ȼߵһ
ƿ֮Ѱλ㡣
ҵˡ
ʮӣλ˼Ұһ㣬ֿƻ鵽ʲôĿ
ʵһǧģ˼ֻʮ
ӣָһ㣬ȥŵھ 
ؼ֮󣬷ʳÿֻ˯һʱŵھ ˼ҲԷǳ˳ĵһΡ
֪Լûʲôֵ츳Ҳ󿼶ôߵķֻ˳һ
ϣյֿ֮ϣ鵽ŵھ 
죬һģ˳ͨ
֡н£ǰ֪еĿ⣬׼Ȼǲͨġ
гϣ
ĵƣǷӵĺãж״ԪĿܡ
ҲȻܶ״ԪҲһݶӡ
عһ£ɿȫԣֻһҲûжƺҲϣϰ񡭡
ֿƵɸѡ֮󣬿Ժʣ¾Űˣֳʮ顣
ÿˣǰĿʱںĿҪվں󷽵ȴ
ԼĿԣЩ䡣
ƵΪݲеĸס
ͬĿ֮󣬾֪ܵԼĳɼ
ƣֻ˼ϡ
Ȼ֮ϣѾǼߵķˣˮƽ֮ǰһƤڵļһҲ˼ϡ
ͬķġϣǸһȥļġ
һҲ֮ϡ
һ䴩ģҲ䴩״ԪΡ
Щʧ֮⣬Уʮֵĸлŵ
ֵȰĻһֱġ
ǶʱƣҪȻƿֻܵõ׵ȡ
ʱȻԶһԣһ󾪺
Ŀȥ
ƺǷʲô顭


175 ƾٽ⣡
һԺ
ƿʱĳԣ޴ľ
ͻŵϵĿʹһײխžƫ복
һλ䲻һʸѰУһԵĿ١
ȻǶ߳ɹõؿĻᣬȴ̲סķ֪ﵽ׷ʲô顣
˿̣ĳԡ
ǿǿ٣ϵı飬𾪡
𽡯ܲκεɣˮڼͨе£ʼձڳ룻ûйв䵽κխţ轻顯Ѹٶ׼ȷͨ·󡯼ʸаġ
һʵıݡ
һԹĿ٣ҲԼͬĸ˾ѵۡ
ƾ֮ϣĳɼҪܵġ
Ʋƣֹĳ£ûа취Եıܡ
λıʵǾʣеĿٶ۷ѵĳɼҲزס
ѾƣĶ˹֪ƻþʱ𾪵ģʱȵ춼ϲϡ
֣
Ȼ֣
֮ǰƣô̵ʱȻͰˣ
治ְ
ֻһͽʵϾ״ԪĶӣʱҲֻڲ׾Ϊľڿƾһˡ
ŵӳ߹վʵô
ЦϣȲ֣֡Ȼ״ԪͱǸСӶȥˡ
ȻԼûгΪ״ԪֶҲͦĵġ
ԭΪ״ԪŵЩھΣ֪ûҲƵһ֮һ˿ھκܿʧӰˡ
ߵŵʵͦȵģһֱΪ褰ڿ˵Ĳֹ࣬һ㡣
ļЦһƣȡϰ񣡡
ֵл֡
ͷֳһ˿ɻ
֪ΪΣʱһԸʱеĸо
ͬʱݲͥУҲֳһЩɻ
ݳַôԼô
ܼҵĶѵ̸ģ
˶ʮ꣬Ȳ˼Ұ꣬治˵ĶӰ

ǰĿƵɸѡѾ߳ϵĿ̭
ղѰ˼ѧģЩҾƶѧӣֿͨƣҲᱻ֮⡣
ƾѾƣֻʣյһơ
ƽ֮һƾٱ᳾䶨
ĿǰƣƣƵԾѾ͵רŵĵط档
ЩԾᱣ꣬ڼ䳯͢пʱĳһЩԾг졣
Ծ⣬籾õ͵ȵԾ˸߷֣ӿ٣Ҫ׷
ǰƵ״ԪҪȵƾٽŻṫ
ֿ״ԪȻλ֮һ
֮ŵֵҴ˹硣
ŵĸףǰ޹˵״Ԫ
ļ壬Ǵֵң˵ϳ콾
˶ڴ˵նԾ
ƽ֮һƵ״ԪҲѾˡ
еĿԺУΨһһλƾѣǴ֮ӡ
һǰڴȡƵһĳɼȻҲһЩ𶯣Ѷȣƾٲͬնû˾ãڿƾ֮иƴĴ档
ٵĿǰΪֹ״ԪУѾһ״Ԫһ״ԪҲ֮䡣
˵ǱȻ顣

ƾٽ֮ڣҪʿ
ʱ伫ȣڿƾٽ֮ǰ񲿣ͻѾĿĿɼ
ԺѽǰƵĳɼ˹
񲿵ǣæµĽл
񲿺ɣ⼸գ
ֻȽյƽһƵĳɼϣųʿ
˵ʿĿǰδ״Ԫͳֻ֣Ƚ
ƾٵÿһϸĹƣ࿼ֻ࿼ֻ¼м¼ˣŰŰˣҲлܵˡ
ƾڼ䣬ڿϢϸܵġ
һϢй¶Աᱻ׷Ρ
οƾٵܿ٣Ҳ֪λ״Ԫ˭
ĳ÷֮ڡ
ɺɣеƷŲ衣
˿ڲ裬Щп˵ҲֻпƾٵʱҵȲܵôϾƽǵҲ͵ͷˡ
ɶĻΪȻ˵ǰƾٽֵ֮׼Ļˡ
Ϊɣƽﶼæ
ƾ֮ʱ񣬶ҪΪƾõǷһЩ
˵Ļ£һ£˵ˣƾٵ״Ԫ´˰ŵ񲿡
룬˵״Ԫֵ̫𣿡
̫º񲿣Ҫ˲š
ƾƳڵѧӣһ㶼ȰţϽ״Ԫ񲿣Ӧֵ̫¡
ɰ˰֣˵ֿ״Ԫø̫£״ԪҪˣĿٿˣҪ񲿵ģƵϤУҪﱸĻ£׼ﱸÿ
ЦЦʵһѡأ
ЦЦȤ˵ǾԼﱸԼĻ¡
̫Сˣѡ񣬿϶ǿƾ״Ԫ֮״Ԫλ״Ԫû취Ტۡ
ѡ϶ǰλ
Σ½ԣԼѡƾ״Ԫ״Ԫòѣǡں⼸λ״ԪҲûгΪĿܡ
˵䣬һλԱǰ˵λˣǰƵĳɼѾܺˡ
һ̡
֮ϣŷ⡣
ƾٳ˹ʿ֮⣬Ҳṫǰ٣ƳɼߣûнʿҲԺ߱ĵطıһĲ¡
ֿбؼؼؼĿƣѾ䶨
ɽдšֵŷù֮ĿȲȥλѵ״ԪѾܾˡ
һ̣ϵıֱӽס
˻
һߣողŷУֱӵһ
˶һۣĬĬеŷ⽻
˻
˻
ͬʱһ
״Ԫŵ״Ԫŵټվȷ״Ԫƾ״ԪѾռƣҲֿ״Ԫߡ
Ƶŷⲻÿˡ
˵Ŀ⣬ͬʱдС顱ŷ⡣
ʶһص飬֣ջأֻʾɣ˵´ˣɡ
ùǵŷ⣬𿪣ȡһдֵֽ
ɿһۣʵô
ɵĿ⣬ֽƿп治˵Ķӡ
˵꣬Ѿ֪˽
һƾٵ״ԪѾӹɣΨһȷǣܲһһ˶ռ״Ԫ
÷֮ڣþõĳĬ
ʱһλԱ߽˵λˣѾԺ½Ƴɼ˵һԺһλƾѡ
˶һۣп촽˶ʵƾѣǲǽŵ
ǹԱһ㶣ˣѾ֪ˣ
ûлشϣ˫ֻס
ŵԩ޳ŵն񼸿״Ԫ޹ء
йء
ùλ״Ԫѡһ
λ״ԪҪ󣬻һλˡ
˭뵽λ״ԪȻһˣһи֮
ֿ״ԪҲ׼޲ޣ
ްɣҹûм޸и֮
ްɣǱµ¹Ա׿˵ģͬʥּջ֮
δĽ֡
һ飬ʹץץͷ
ʹôɣҲ֪Ӧô졭


176 
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ƶƽͬʱ˽ƾ٣ҲѾ䶨
Ҫģֻеȴ
չ֮󣬹ǽ֮⣬ͻ˽ʿ
ƾٲͬǣһʿϣѾû
״ԪѾȷǴ֮ŵ
Ψϣõ˾ѵĳɼ
ֿ״Ԫһв
ؼƵ״Ԫ͢ӦѾ֪ˣҪպŻ⹫
Ƶ״Ԫ͢ȻѾ֪ˡ
صĹԱȴԸԼ֪

飬飬ɣɣ߹ۣȴԼССѡ
鿴˿ˣʵλ£ӦǺã
鵭ٲ׶Ŵ˵˼ƾٹƽ״Ԫͬһˣʵɣ飬ǰֲûз
аһϺ꣬Ǻûϵ񲿵Ĺϵɴˡ
¹ѡһ״ԪͬһˣԼͻҵöһ
ܲǱ𶪵ĺá
վһúúãܣҲܣʼҵ飬ûʼԼͷȥɣ

ĳ֮ڣе飬̧ͷ飿
ƾٸոս񲿺Ӧæƾٵ飬ô
վ˵öŴ˽
Ƭ̺󣬿ߵڵһӰʵŴôˣĪǿƾٳʲô飿
ƾûгʲô飬ǻʼҿҪˣ£Ǽӣɣ飬ʵ
ʱȻ૵ô
û˵ʲôȴԹ顣
˭ô죬ѡֲżͲܵȵƾٽ
ġ
ûˡ
Ҫֱֻ֣ܹ˵ˡ
ԼջسҲãİ취Ҳգ񲿲
˼Ƭ֮󣬿ڵȲҪţձٸ𸲡
¿Ҫ죬ƾ֮£ɵ鲻˰㡣
˵ͷ˵ʱ֮ǰ𸲡
ʮ
ƾٽĵһա
ҹ˲ٵ顣
ʮ꺮ΪľһУƾٽ֮ѧڽʼڳҹ񻶡
˳һȺ˴ҹƣڽͷй䣬ѲֵĽݺݵѵһ
ǵݣҲδõصĴ
⣬ҹв¥ַŮӱץ
⼸£ѧ۳Щ̻糾֮أǾĵطһЩ¥ַˣúҪ뿪㿪ʼ˼
̧۸թŵȣƻҵĨ˳ѧĿеӡ󣬳öЩƻص̼ңϸĴ
ҹõĴＷˣȫŮӣ˵ڶ֮ηġ
ʹ
ɫλӾյټ
ټǵҲµļӣһӵȨ
һģո߽죬Ƿ˵֣ôʲôҲŸ˯£ͱ˳ˡ
һۣ˸λãʵʵ¡
еļӣ㶼Ѿˡ
ͼͬǣ֪һ罫ټһзǳҪ飬Ҫһû취
ǵʱ㣬±Ȼƾйء
Ȼڼ֮ڵܱǸô罫ֺλʵʵһҪ飬һ޷Ҫʹһ顭
Ļλ˷˵ĻӣҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
վŵʲôƾٵ״ԪĶӣ
ڵȻƣҲһĿܡ
ֻͣһͷ
汻ˣĶӣҪ÷ˣ
һ£˵ʺ˵Ҫðڼλ״Ԫѡһλôһֻһѡ񣬵ǵãŵƺˡ
ڣܼ޸һи֮򣬸˵ȥĻҲջ
룬ٴοڵʵĻջأأݵԭ䣬Ͳи֮˰ɣ
δڣͰ˰֣˵˵ʲôΪ˼޹ñݵᷢӣʼҵҪҪˣ
ĥһ£ֵջһ״Ԫˣһи֮ģеڶѡˣ
ˣĿⶼʵǶʲô
˶û˵
ջһ״Ԫ˵ɰ
ƾǳ͢ĸΪпƾ٣øҵӵܣܽȨ࣬ĸݣάֳõȶ
ƾ֮ܵ˵ϿɣΪĹƽ
һƻ˿ƾٵĹƽܶණʼ
ĿǰеĿĿǾѣǾͬĿһ֤ٳϣ˺ϿɵģУǱ˼֤
ջһ״Ԫǲܵ顣
֮У˭ôˣ˭ͻʧȥʸ
ǱȻʼ滹Ҫ顣
˰֣˵ǾԲеġ
˫ֻϣ˵ҲУҲУ˵ˣԼŰɡ
ʱ룬ڵֿƵ״ԪǻûжֻҪֿ״ԪͿˣ
˵ֿƶǾѣһλδʤ
ЦЦ˵⻹ףɼɿپģǾѣ˭˭ǿ٣ֻҪ֪Ǽλ٣ǵôѡһλ²ͽˣ
ףô򵥵Ľ취ЩΪʲô벻
ʱĿ⿴Ц˵ð취Ȼ취ǻʵģȥִаɣˣҶɢˡ


صʱڸп
׸Ӱһģһ
ֻϧΪǣʼҵ棬Σû취һ˶ռˡ
ʼҲһ˶ռ״Ԫ
͢Ҳ
飬Ѿõмӵһͬ⣬֪ʡλ࣬Ĭ顣
Ÿո߽һӰʹ˳
֣
ؿڣһٻӰ˵ÿζôզզòãʹˣ类ų
˺ˣ´ע⡭
Ȳʵ֣һʲôȥˣǲѾ֪״Ԫ˭ˡ
Цǹ˭ɣ
ɫһ죬󲻺˼˵ϻŮӲԼµģ
̾ǵСҲˡ
ߴٵ֣Ұɡ
ֻõ˺ˣЩǲ͸¶ģ˭ǰأƾٵ״ԪŵƣƣƣƣƵĵ״ԪҲ
ѹסϲɫʵ㲻ᡭҪŵɣ
һ£ɫ죬̵ôܣǺѡ
˿˵Ǿͺá
һ㶣ʲô
Ϊֿ״Ԫ
ɫһףʶʲôʵΪʲôֿƲǻûн𣿡
͵Ȼֿƻûнֿ״Ԫ͵ü޸ʼҲ鷢͢Ҳ
˲ֻһѣϮǿվסӣߵⲻƽףȥҸʣ
ı飬Ŀ˼ҡͷûõģʱչ˭Ҳ飬мĽλʡҲѾĬλֿţ˵òѡ
Ļû˵꣬Ѿת뿪
ǵʧǵӰȷ룬̾˿


177 ϲˣү
̫¡
һλԱ˲ڡ
ʡگ̵ֿʷһ㶣ʵȥˣ
ƾѾֿ״Ԫδʱ䣬Ϊ̫ة̫µţȻȱڣôİ
λ̫¹Աλʡٹɫã˵˲ȱڣû취ϣץˡ
ʷһ㶣ʲô
̫¹ԱҲЩˣͷ˵ڹ¥ץˡ
Ƭ̺λٹ̫߳£εҡҡͷ
ڴ£һССʷû취
صʡֻʵϱ
ԣҲЩ
̫ةôҲƷ٣ʲôŮ˵òȻΪ¥ץ˰
顣
ȷʵû취ƾٵпĿѾ䶨Ψֿ״ԪδտƾٵĹأû٣Ŀԣû취С
̲һ˱ץġ
ȻһȺٹ¥һ˹ˣ
üģ˵Σȥ¡
ʱ
£һΣһλŵӣ˵ˣ֪ⲻϹأûбȿƾٸҪ飬Ҳû취и㡭
ԣ˵ͷ˵ƾҪɴ߰ɡ
̵л¡
ܿ죬̺ʮʦ߳¡
̶˱ȭ˵лɴˡ
ʵãɴȫûбҪ죬Ͼͻᱻųʱһ徻ˣȥ¥
Ƴһۣ˵ٻʡֿйֿƵļԣҪ顣
ֿ̲֪Ƶļʲôģͬԣ˭øãȻ
úʡĳ÷̵ɴ˫ۣΪʲô
ûбԣȴҪѡһΪ״Ԫⲻ
ƾףǵԴ顣
ҡҡͷ˵У飬Ҳɣ
ԴҲۣǶֵ裬Ҳܽܡ
һֽ㣬˹
һۣ۾Ȼ
һŰֽֽȴмӵӡλ࣬ʡӡҲϡ
ζţʼҺͳ͢Ĭ顣
ةʼҺͳ͢棬ϵһ֮ȻΪӦóе𳯳Ρ㶮˼𣿡
촽˶վû˵ʲô


ŵո˯ѡ
ƾҲǺܺķѾģ˯ˣһ˯硣
ܼ˵ղ֪ͨȥμֿƵļԡ
ΪֿƳ֮⣬һλѡ
ֿƲƣûԾҪֳʤֳֻͨıԡ
ƾٽʱӵԵ֪ͨ
Ϊ˲֪ͨŵڼ˯ġ
ʱѾˣŵ򵥵ĳԹͺܼ
μԣȵһοԵ̻Ҫ
һ÷֮ڣˡ
ʮλ٣һλ
⣬񲿵λɣҲһԼල
ֳϣֻеˣûʸ֡
һλֿƾѵģһλɢͷˡ
һϣŵһ֮󣬾ͱ۾ƺ
ŵĿǰչأӦȳ
һľ߹ŵ˵ȡĿ⡣
ŵӺгһľƣ֮̿˵̣ 
ŵ˵ͷǰȽе
̿Ŀиֳһ˿ϧ֮ɫ
ֵˮ׼Լ֮¡
ֻϧ

һȻ𣬰ڣʮλٵ壬Ȼһ
̡֣ӺأҲڵһ˷Ĵأ
ڵһ˲䱻
ŵϣܵһϤеϢ
ǡֵϢ
λ˫ĿˣҲȻ۾𾪡
˿̣ĹԱʲôͣеĶߵ÷֮⡣
ֵ֮ϣ·ˣҲɵͣ˽Ų
Ĵ͸ǿֵҲ·ڶߡ

ǰ廨Ȼ΢΢һתͷĳ¶֮ɫ૵ǺȻ֮𣬲ֵֵ֮
θ
μԺ轣ĶȻһ٣￴˿ȴʲôûз֡
Ľ첽ܵ棬ܿܽɻˣ˭ڵ٣ôҲˡ

ĳ֮ڣüһʰһߵ˭ڵ٣ˣ
ĳ÷֮ǰ
ڶۼһïʢͩĿ¶𾪡
ڸղţۿøո²õСŴ÷ڴڼ̵ʱ֮ڣһ֦ҶïĴ
վ÷ſڣĿһĻ
̡Ǽģͨ˵࣬ûʲôֵ֮֮ص
£Ҳ
ǵࡶšı仯
һҹ֮䣬ᣬ͵˿ƾֿƵ
һеˣֻǿƾٵĿ
ŵ뿪ңͣ¡
Щſڵϣ·ڸܴػĿ٣ǱĴӵ
񲿵λɣҲɫĵ˵ǰĳ
飬ľ䣬ߵλԣ˵ȡĿ⡣
˿һۣ⻹ʲô
û
һλѾֵе˱ԣⲻȡ
վĿλһۣǬ˵
˵գͷҲصתȥ
ɴҴҵվһ׷˳ȥ
վס
㶼ûȣô֪Ȳ
һ漣أ
ˣһɡ

ʱɵͷ߻
Ϊ˱ȫҵ棬͢ѾֵزֻҪܵһֿ״Ԫġ

ɹֲˡ
񲿸ģѾˣֻ˵⡣
ŵ˹֣ϼһȿ޻ѿЦݣ˵ϲˣү


178 

÷ڰһƬ
ǴվԭأʲôҲʣʲôҲ˵
Щ˵ʱƫ̻͢׷ǵ𣬵ҲҪλĲԣõһ
µǣ˵Ҳûá
ֻ˵ʵΪٵǣƫ̻Ŀܡ
Ϊ˵ʵ޼ʵǣһѾֵһֵ֮⡣
ֲӣ
ολˣǴĶӡ
Щǲ´䣬Ҫҵӵ棬ôĿŵףµΣ϶ǵһ䡣
գΪٵȿڣλɣ˵λˣ⡭
̾һ˻֣˵ǿԻȥˡ
ظӵ뿪
˶һۣεһЦ
һΣҺ͢վλֵŵһνʱ˺͡
˭Ҳûϵ˵ĶӣȻ
͢ƫֻ̻޷Χƫ̻
µĻջأҵڹĻ£ƾٵҪԣڱºͻҵ֮ϡ
ЩͻʱҪȡᡣ
˵Уͬʱпһ䡣
ôأ
ŵѾ߳ſڣʵҲɻ
ôأ
Ϊ˱ֿ֤һʧ⼸ȷȡһЩʩ¥ַ⡣
ŵ飬ŵַһܣͬһˣֻҪץ㹻࣬ʱ䣬ץΥΪʦ
֪ץĲ໹ץĲȻСҲûϵĳ̶ȡ
ֻ˯һʱھͶһ΢
Ǹղŵֵ֮
벻ͨ飬ŵҡҡͷθȥ
ͬʱС
̣ˣôֻˣ
̰˰֣˵ô࣬ԭķ䣬Ұ٣Ҹղ򡭡
֪Ϊʲôڴµʱ״̬κεطá
һۣ˵ٿԣӡ
߽ηʱһӰһԵĳȻ̻ͷһۣ
Ӷ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
߽÷һӰѾˡ
깪˵شˣصֵʦѾ֮Ҫôǣ
ɷ֮ڣᴦá

գָղӺζֿ֪ƵļѾ
ʱĳſڣһŰӰͣ½Ų
ǰߴĳţһߣ¾Ͳٻˡ
ܾôߡ
ҪߣҲҪһ顣
θ
ŵ߽Ժӵʱ򣬿ʯԡ
߹ȥҪ˵ʲôδڣ˵˵ˣѾ֪ˡ
ŵһ¡
ϢӦûû
ô֪ˣ
ĳɼҲϢϢأһʱעҲ֡
ȻһҲ
ĬƬ̣Ȼվʵ⣬ܲʵĻشң
ŵڵʰɡ
ŵɻܾýЩ֡
ŵ۾ʵûϲң
ŵһ£ʶ￴˿
ˣθ⣿
ȻӲСԺʮɶ˵ʲô
ΪԼþʱȴֽԴתĿ۾Ŀаźʹ࣬ᣬٴʵ㣬ûУϲң
ŵ۾Īһ˵Ļһʱ˺
ûϲ
⣬һġ
ںӵĹϵûʲôչʱٰ޵ľȷܶഥ
ˣһСԺСޣѰ˹ͨӣγġ
ûӡ
ǹ
ô⣬бĴ𰸡
Ȼŵʲôû˵۾棬ȴҪĶ
ϸֳһ˿ЦݣŵԴݺݵȥ
촽ϴĴУŵɴ˫ۡ
ʲôˡ
ȻͬǷңڶΪڵľǰ
屻Ľסָѡ
ֻĿ
ŵ岻ܶԺһ˲հס
δϵĳǣôȥġ
Ȼָоȷ˳ڲǳʱ򰡣
ѾӺĽߵſڣվ￴ǡ
ɿ֣һۣת뿪
μǰ߹ʱĽŲһ٣Բ𡣡
Ȼٴ뿪
˼ʵǲޣתͷ߻
һμˣЩǲ˵¾Ҳûл˵ˡ
ߵμ˵ǰ˵ջظղŵĶԲ𡣡
μ˵۾˵μˣһӣϲͲҪϲռű˲ţ𣡡
ĽС԰ףż˽Ľ
μɫƽޱ˵š
һίŴŵĹ䣬ʵƾʲôôߵ츳ƾʲôôõ๫֪жĽ𡭡
ĨĨᣬյףҸ
˵꣬ͷҲص뿪
ŵվԭأȻڽ״̬
о綼ˡ
ѾԲֵһ
ֱӰʧŵŻָɡ
μ˴߹ʲôҲû˵Ҳûп
ĽĿŵһĪ񡭡


179 ң
ӺĽ˷䡣
ŵվԺ۷ķ
飡
ŶȻϡ
棬ûӰˡ
ѽ
˵Ĵϲ֮һ
εΣߴΣȴûϲֻбߡ
Īıȥϵĳǡ
ӵ棬ǿ֮󣬻Ҫһ
ȻЩ˵
ղҲǴ
ҵľľ˭˭Ӯ֪μҿ϶ûˡ
ںˡ
ˣܣ
ŵԺһݣ˿ûи״Ԫϲ
ʱ˿̣Ĳֹŵһ

ĻĿɿڴŵ
Ƶ˵ҲûãղǶҲˣֵ֮ȫİնţסģҲûκڳɼ϶ֽš
üġ
Һ͢ڰΪô㣬Ҳأ
ҲУҲС
Ϊʲôƫƫʱ飿
֪δʱһӰҴ߽˵£ˣŮһ磬ʰһţδ顭
һ̵Īˣ򲻿ɣ¿ЩˣѰ
ü˵ʲôܣѾǴˣֻǳȥɢɢģܿͻˣôĵģøʲôʲôȥɡ
ҲԸ޸һи֮
ˣÿԽ¸
ȵ¹ȥͲͷ۵ˡ
飬˵飬Ҹã񲿺׼ʿһҪڹҪÿȵļˡ

ʮ塣
ƾٳɼڹ
컹δʳ֮£ѾΪ
ﲻ˿ƾٿֵ˸࣬һЩʹӣҲڹעʿϵ
Ϊʢ£ÿƾ٣õߵĹע²ؼİգҲֵá
ȺһֱȵʱѼꤣǽʳˮС˻ᣬ׬
ĳһ̣ӰԶ̤ն
ˣ
˼ˣ׷׾
λǿߣһźֽڹǽ֮ϣ̤ն̤նȥ
˵Ŀ⣬ǰĵһź
һţǽĽʿ񵥡
֮ϣ۵ıϷһ֡
ƾٵһŵ
ƾٵһǴ˽ƾٵ״Ԫ
Ű֮ǰǶ״ԪĹ²⣬˲⡣
һŰϣһ󣬶Ǿд
֮УǾдֻҪСһЩֱ״Ԫ
״Ԫŵ
״Ԫŵ
״Ԫŵ
ֿ״Ԫŵ
״Ԫŵ
״Ԫŵ
зǳļ֣ǿҵӾ
ǰһĻ̫𺳣Ⱥ𽥱İƾٵĿǣڰѰԼ֡
κѯվȺУŸ״Ԫ֣֮ɵɵվԭء
ĿƵİ񵥣Ǹ֣ڵһ
鷨ѡ
滭ѡ
ɷѡ
£ѡ
κѯĿɨ֮⣬鷨ûеڶλѵġ
˵жžԾȫģ
κѯɫǺ죬д۸ӣȻʼҵĿԣ³һںѪ
Ե˼ˣ̽æҶһãλ˼Ѫˣ͵ǰҽݡ
κѯ뿪֮һӰվλá
һ֣о̾һĿŰѰ
ڣĳλãԼ֡
ƾٵھʮ
ңƼϣƼϣֿңƼϣƼס
Ȼƺֿ˺ȣĿƣɼ̫ۣļ˿ƾǰ٣ڽʿ֮С
Ⱥ֮⣬һλĻŮӣԶԶŰǰǸΨһ֣úתȥ
ˣȺУڱľ
״ԪȻһ˶ռ״Ԫ
Ǻһ
ƾҲǸӣѵǽ
ѽһ˶ռ״ԪǱضˣ
ӣôޣ

ƾŰ֮ʱ״Ԫ֮⣬ƾǰҲܹע
һΣ״Ԫ֣⡣
ûоʱһ̣Ҳᵽʮǰһ쿼顣
ҫ۵ţǰҲȻʧɫ
ʮһʮǰ
ڻʳſ񵥵ͬʱĸſڣпʻŸؼ۶ȥ
ƾٵĽʿڴеع
һУ¡
Ҳǿƾ
ʱŵ֡
θŵԺɽյķţƵ̾˿
ˣӻǲԸ
Σˡ
Ҳ˭˭ŵҲԩ
֪ʲô裬ʹˣŵԼе
˿̡

˴߽Ȼޱ𾪡
״ԪжѣǺġ
ȴô׵ˣƾƣƿƾѣĳɾͣѾ׵ꡣ
ߵ¥ĳ䣬š
һ
Ŷ룬ŴϽԼڱӰ˵ƾѾŰˡ
ﴫһ֪ˣ
¶֮ɫ֪һ˶ռ״ԪѡܣĪԼǰ´ˣ
ʵϲŵ
ߵǰ˵£Ҳһֱɣ
ڱоޱȱ
ӣҲ֪ӵʲôط
˼ȥΨһģȻֻһֱôϲķˡ
һ˵㲻Σյĵطȫĵطһң϶û뵽һڳȹʱ䣬ͷȥ뿪ʱͲ鷳ˡ
ҡҡͷҲû˵ʲôˡ
ߵſڣпһ䣬һ˶ռ״Ԫ涼
ʲô
ӱѸ̽һԴԾʵ˵ʲô˭ռ״Ԫ
ɻ㲻˵֪𣿡
㵵ֿ״ԪǽǸ
˵˵ֿƼԵʱˡ
૵״Ԫŵ
˵˵ͷ˵ʳ涼Űˣһˣһе״Ԫ
Ӵʵȥģ
ؼҰˡ
ѸٵĴЬӣԼС򿪴ֱӴӴȥȵڽֵϡ
Ƭ̺󣬹
һŮٿ£ôˣ
һۣûҼңΪʲôܻ
ǡ
ȥѼס죬Ҫ㱨𣿡
ء

صԼķ䣬ڴϣҲڴϹ˼Ȧ
˵´ھǰһԼ·ͷɵĲӣٴ߳䡣
ֻţʲôŲԽԽҲԽԽء
ͣ˽Ųڵϡ
һ̣Уֻһͷ
ң


180 ӣ

ſڴϣԴڱ޳ߡ
ִ֣
ļϢôܣ
ܣͲȥθǿŵֲ뿪֮ǰźμ˵ﻰ
ô찡
ȥθҪôŵ
μ˻᲻ν
ˡ
ˡ

˰
ٺ˻㱨ϢٺԶҲƵ̾˿
ǱϾǿƾ٣ǣҲ̫ԡ
κѯ޵ķΧ֮ڣƾٵĳɼѾļޣһָ࣬ǣҲܵǣ
û뵽ˣһ˶ռ״Ԫ
һոսٳ𲽾Ʒ
һ޷ҵƷԱʲô
󣬻һƷʵһƷֹĵ
ԳȨ˵جΡ
Ϊ֮ƣίγĹְܽ볤Ҳ̲ʹֵطְ
һ̲Ǵ£ǿɾ뺣˿ɵˡ

¡
á
ϲˣ
ϲˣ
ӵķˣǲ˵갡
ƾѾŰ񣬴µĹԱǣҲѾ֪˵Ķӣһ˶ռ״Ԫ飬׷ùء
һ̣ǲ֪ʲôлȮӡ
ʮǰ״Ԫ
ʮ󣬶״Ԫ
²ǰ޹ˣҲǺߵ顣
ǧǺʷ֮ϣǸӣӦҲŨīزʵһʡ
÷֮ڣվǰ૵ǲ˼鰡
үǰʲôκ˶
үڲһʱһһ֪ɵӣɳڵĵز
һݾڣ˵ϣ˼黹кܶ࡭

ƾŰ֮գģȻǽʿǵ֡
У¿״Ԫ㡣
Ϊ״ԪŵȻ۵Ķ󣬲Ǽһӵܣڿƾһ˵ĺȫΪġ
ȫŮ˵Ľ¿״Ԫӡ
ƾ״Ԫ״Ԫ궼һֱŮӵɡ
˵ǳΪӣ檣ҲһԸ⡣
檣Ҳֻ롣
˼Ѿ䣬һЦɫĹҪںŶӣοǡ
λιǺø
ǰЦһɵӣڿǲЦ
˵״ԪɿԴŷˣһν֣˾Ҫ״Ԫ˾ͺˣǸ棬Ҷιȥ
ˣ˱Ӷ޲ָ
˵ιôôأ

ͷһȺŮμˣ۶Ľ
ĻŮӣ߹ǵۣŲͣ£ôΰؿڣЩеȭͷҲס
֮ȭͷɿؿҲĳ
θ
ŵٴ÷ţûлӦ
̾һתȥ
һ֮ĵطμ˵ȥΣʼû¶ġ
ŵ߳θ˵ؼҡ
ܼҸų˵֮䣬ͷܴβͣη˺δһСһСҲ
ȻӲ̫ã̱ͣĿڵ֮ٷˣԸˡ
ǰʱ򣬻ŵĻᡣ
һΣ
˵Щ˭˭ܲˡ
ŵ񶼲֪׷ʲô衣
Ҳֻȵȵȿˡ
ص֮ŵ߽䣬ǰϤӰһ㶣Ȼ㾪ϲӣ㲻ˣ
ϲ֮Щɻ
ģôȵ
ΪϷȥϵĻȻҲûʲôֵġ
μ˿˵ٸһɡ
ֻҪ˵һˣҪʮŵҲһüͷ
׵鷿ϣŵܿΪһ
˵⻹֮󣬵һθ
Ǵӹʻī֮ǰĺ˲֪١
μ˿вزסϲȻûʫ
ŵһ˼⣬ʫ
ԧ콻ǧ꣬ɪгԸꡣ
ʫ͸ӵģ˼ֱףϣɪúϣʺϴʱ龳
ڵһ˼Ȼ򵥣Ļ̶ȣδ⡣
ȴûʡ
μ¶һ˿ŵδĶЦݣȻ˵㵯ˡ
ŵԼֱۡ
΢΢ʹУ˵Ρ
ӾȻЦˡ
Ҫ۱ŵ˭Ҳ
˺ЦҲֱǿޣӣһ̶ž޲ЦݣЦôÿ
ӣĺܲһ
ѵ̼֮ͨˣ
ŵĵɻߵٱ£˫ִңܿ죬һ滺ʹָ⻺
Īںϳֵ֮ŵգҲһµľ硣
μߵߣĿ¶ı顣
ŵһֻ뿪ңֵ٣һֻ֣ĵǣӵ֡
ӵ֣ôϸ壬

Ȼֹ
ŵɫһ䣬Ȼǽϣ㲻ӣ㵽˭
бԵĹǱģֻ֣ȴůġ
ŵΪʲô˻ױݵģһֻʱȴûлױҲûʲôߡ
һϸ·һȻûдŵ͸ӵӣЩΣҲУϵζҲһ
ŵ˿Ľϵģ˪
¶֮ɫ˵˼Ц
ʱ
ŵǣ֣ڳĽֵϡ
ǲ״Ԫ𣿡
״Ԫɺ״ԪˣǺð䣬öѽ
Сֵģ֮ǰ;ɢǸʱû״Ԫء
˵һ״ԪҪȢһռе״Ԫѡûѡ
״Ԫ˲ͬأ
Ϸԣ״Ԫ˲ͬҲа

ŵǾýӹֵֹġ
ǰȻҲ٣Ҳûô١
ٵ˲̫ӡ
ŵ̲סʵӣôˣ
μ·Ľͼʵ˵ûô
ŵôֵֹġ
μ˿ʵˣ
ŵֻһָо֣˵ĬƬ̺˵ֺÿġ
μ΢΢һЦ˵ؼҰɡ
ŵʵĸң
μĿУһ˿˵ζμҡ
ƺɢ£ŵǣ֣ߵμҡ
˸ո̤θͿǰԶĽǣһӰһһȰ˵ʵɣҲܹŵ磬ִ򲻹㡭
˵ĽŲͬʱͣ¡
ĽŵǣֵӰ΢΢һ֮С¶ı顣
ô˽㣡
ŵվĽߵˣŲһ٣˶ɵˡ
Ľߵӣǣŵ˭


181 ๫Һòã
θ
֮ڡ
Ϸ˽ץһμͬòŮӵ֣ݺᣬһĨһߵˣҿŮ
֪ŵ״Ԫ飬ԭǵθصģһĻҲɵվһߣĬĬᡣ
ھе̩õϢԼ껣Ҳһʱϻ
ĽС
ŵҲòȥ
ӾȻһ˫̥ã
ǰû˸顣
Ľ
μˣˡ
һμңȻ˫̥á
˫̥þ˫̥ðɣÿһãϲװ㡭
Ǵͬ·ͬң彣һģһֵ壿
ȻͨǿԷģŵǰ֪°
ŵ˿ߵӣ͵ٰ㣬Ϊ㡭
μ˴˿Ѿû˼ƽ顣
֪ԼһλãҲСʱż
һãôվǰʱУһ˵ĸܡ
һٵĽŲ洫ܿ첽̤˿ŵߵμˣֿ˿Ϸߵˣ촽˶ˡ
ŮӿҲֳһ˿Ө˳ӣ˵
Ůϵĳ棬˶ݡ
ŵߵ￴ֵܼǰʵ֪𣿡
ܼҵ˵ͷ˵֪η˵һ˫̥δַ뿪μҵʱС㣬ٷˡ
ŵɴ۾֪㲻ң
ܼ޹үҲûʰ
㻹ʲôҵģ
ûˡ

ŵӣֿ˿һģһСӣЩӦ
ͬĽͬͬĸãСӣҺӳһģһҪһʱӦͽܡ
Ϸϣ˰ŵӣ˽£ϵչ֣ס˵ʮˣ˾ͺã˾ͺá
Ҳ֣Ըֿһ£ʵأһ𣿡
Ŀһ΢΢Щڴ
ҡҡͷ˵ûУһ͵͵ܻġ
ʵ㻹ȥ𣿡
˸Ϊᶨҡҡͷ˵ҲȥˣûںңֻĲãͻҹһڱѩ
ô˵Ϸ˸ոֹסˣˣ˵ȥˣȥˣ˭ȥ
뵽ǸŮ˵Ը֪ŮЩ˶ٿ࣬һۣŭȢһŵڵŮӣǲҪȢһŮӣҪߣҲţЩҲ֪˶ٿ࣬ҿŮ
ܵͷһԲҲҷһԡ
үո״ԪʮСع飬յμңν˫ϲš
Ϸ˺棬˵ʸͣμҲЦݣ˴С⣬ò׻ؼңӦýЩǷģȫ
ʱ˺Ȼ˵ĸλʵһҪ顣
ϷЦ˵ʲô飬˵ɣҪϵǣĸҲ˸ժ
ЦЦ˵ҲҪϵǣ˵Сʱ򣬼Ҷһ£ҲѾ˳׵ˣλΪ˳׵ġ
ϷЦЦžͲЦˡ
θ˵ЦݣҲϡ
ŵЩ棬СʱҲˣ֪˭ˣ
ϷǿЦЦ˵ոջؼңһ˰ɣȥĸϢǸʰһԺӣĽȥ
ȵ뿪֮Ϸֿŵμˣ˵ˣҲȥɡ
ŵ߳ȴûеһʱӻط
ܼңʵ˺˭ˣ֪𣿡
ܼһֹŹֵŵ˵ͷ˵ū֪
κ飬ֻҪŵʣԶ벻
ŵƳһۣûкƽϣʵ˭
˵Ҫˣŵһоǲʡ
Сʲô뷨
ʵźһһ㶼ں
ܼһ˵ģη˺ͷָΪ飬η˵һ˫̥ܲܶ޸үڼССʱθһץܣǼСѡ˽Сѡ˻顭
ŵĿ
ܼҿŵƵ˵Ҳ˵ʵС㣬ӦҵٷˣΪη˴ˣμҲüС˹
ŵþõ˵
黹ûأðһӳһģһָΪСӡ
˰죬ģӲǼٵġ
˺ҡ
ǳҡ
룬˵вУȻңҵһ˾
߳θʱÿһͣθſڡ
˱һŵ¶΢ЦҪ˵ʲôŵ̰˰֣˵Ѿˣͱˡ
ܿԶȥͽڷҡ
θ
Ľĸϣ߽ĳԺ䣬˵ùˣһڸߣϤϤɡ
ϵһλѾߣ㡣
ҡͷˣҹ䡣
ԸԶӰ֣˵
ӵ߹ϼ״˵˽㣬ڼ߰ɡ
ȵĸߺ̧ͷɻʵô֪
һ΢Цʵôʶ𣿡
Ϥɴ۾ϲʦ㣡
˿̣֮ڡ
θˣ
˵δ򣬾Ǽ˵๫
꣬ŵ»Լģˡ
ȥڽԶڣΪ˶ֵĳŵֻü˼޹ȥ
Ȼˣܲü˽๫
ϷŹȣصڵϿ˼£˵Ӧô죬˵˵ɣ
һ˵Ȼ궨»Լˣ˺ŵѾף޷ص飬ΪѰһλ䡭
̾˿˵ʲô䣬ܱȵ״Ԫأ
֪ԵûгΪ״Ԫ˹ڻڵˣҲֻ˵ôˣῡΪѡһλòѵ๫Ҳ¡
ϷŹȣͷ̾һ˵Ƿ˵ģʵ̫ˡ
һСԺ
μվԺУĳ򣬻ͷ
ģе̸
ԭ๫ʵ
ЩЩʫЩ͵ЩҲǸġ
ľϵĲ˿̣ǲܿƵĸܵˡ
˵ĺܶԡ
һӡ
Ӧϧʱûϧ
Ƕĳͷ
ʱһӰ߽СԺ
μ̧ͷĿӡ
ϸ˵õĵһζԻ
˿μˣ˵㣬ʲô๫ҺòãҲϲαؿء


182 ͬ
ҡ
ŵڷģԼ״Ԫ
߼ֱҳһࡣ
黹ûи㶨
ֶһӡ
ӲǼٵġ
ӣֻμˡ
һ·ô࣬۵ĸġ
˺񣬵ʼղ
⴫ŲһӰ߽
֪и˫̥ãŵǸȥ롣
֪֮һϴġ
ˣʵʲô
Ķ棬ֳ°ͣôʵ;˵𣿡
ŵüһˣ
ܿʶȻң
һ˵ңǸǻĽˣ˵ɣҪôң
ŵҲûл˵Ļ
ᣬľΪܼҶǶ֣ɾ
ôɺϡ
ŵʵʲôǻô֪
˵Ǹ֮󣬲ڰеĻ֣ǻѾˣȻ֪
¶֮ɫʵеʲôôô֣һ˲ܱľʵû
⣬Ѿܾˡ
֪ѧҲ˵Ĺ
ŵر⣬ʵΪʲôҪװ㣿
ʲôװ
üͷ˵㱾Ӧҵ๫Ҳӣ
ŵҡҡͷû˵ʲô
ͦˣ˵ôɡ
ú;ȹԼķϣŵԸƽϡ
˿˵飬ӦѾ֪˰ɣ
ŵǶǹȥˡ
˵УŵǳŵǵĻԼֽΪ֤
ŵֱʵϲ𣿡
һ㶡
ŵʼ磬˵㿴ˣ˵㲻ϲңֻϲĶǲԵģ²ǶϷǿŤĹҲ𡣡
ʶʵϲμˣ
ŵûκγɣͷϲ
ôܲϲأ
ȻӲϲЦһȻӡ
˭μأ
˲ͦؿڣ˵Һμ˳һģһеҶУǵľҲǵľֶϲȫϲΪʲôϲң
ŵֱ׵˵Ϊ㲻
ǳһʶ֣Ҳ˼ˡ
˫ֻĿŵʵϲμˣμϲãΪ㣬𣿡
ŵʵʲô˼
ɿ˫ۣЦ˵ԭ㲻֪
ŵʵ֪ʲô
Цʵû㣬еľ𣿡
ŵʵʲôľ
˲޵һĶķֻŮܹУ츳ԽߣٶԽ죬ȻΪһͣûʦ̵ҲŬƾʲôܺӵͬΪ
ŵһ£ӵУȷûôŬ
ÿѧѧ廨ϵʱ䣬ɱҪˡ
˼˵ľйȻ죬ȴȱݣһľĹʱˣѲϵĲакޣҲдϲ󱯡
ŵ˵Ļ
ӵȷв
ҪȻüˡ
ΪԸ
û뵽ǹԭ
ʲôƹ
ŵˣʵǵڶأ
΢Ц˵ľĹŹŮӣ뱣֮壬һڣʵҲ˿Զͣڵľ
˿ŵ۾ʵΪĵ𣿡
ŵĬ
֪
ĻһֱеĳЩǣڴ˿̶˽͡
˵ٶȣŹµһΪ̫ԣԾһҲУȻѡľ˵˴㡭
ŵ룬ʵȻڵĶķôģ
һ£૵ŶһͲľˣôģ˵ģѵ̵ģ˵û
ŵѾ֪
ĸ˴ˣдڼľûκһŮ޸
վĽǶȣŵܹ⡣
˵δ̡̫
Ǹʱֻһʲôĺӡ
ּˡ
ʲôܡ
վŵ˰֣˵øģҶˣԼúÿǿǰɣˡ
ŵǰϵĵƻĿʧȥࡣ
ֱеĵȼڰֹãŻ
֨ѽ
Ŵ򿪣һӰ߽ŵǵϤӣ
µƣǵӰĿӡ
ӡ
˶٣ʵ㡭ôˣ
䣬ʶһϻٷˣؼҲǺ
μû˵ʲôֻǵʱˣϢɡ
ֻһӣϴ¶˯
ŵٴϨ˵ƣĬĬϴӿλá
۾ȴû˿˯⡣
๫
֪˶ãԺȻһ
ŵĪһЩţʵôˣ
μ˵Բɡ
ŵΪԼˣʶʲô
¹͸μתĿ˵Բɡ

θ
յθǰͣ೵Ρ
μҵĹү״ԪθһЩϺ
˵ֱ͵ҸʣǶٴη塣
ϲϲ
ϲδˣ
ǧǼһ÷
ҵȺĽ
ʵգ˸١
ŮĹүһ˶״ԪʧСŮڻؼң˫ϲţòȥš
ǣڸУǵĹ֮ƲƲ죬Сʲô÷˵ģû
ĸ׵Թûôع
ĸ״ߵμˣθм۰ľ״Ԫ๫ҲģŮƾʲôԾͷеĺôμ˵ģ
ãѾ֪е࣬һжü
ţһ̧ͷӰǣ߽μҡ
ʮֱָۣҲһҪжܡ
ŵǣӵ֣·ߵʱ򣬶΢΢һЦ˵ˣ簡
ʹ˦ʦ֣Լۡ


183 ˵Ķ
ŵμ߽ԼСԺ
Ҳ׷˽
⡣
Ϊʲôμ˲֮ܺӦ飬ΪҴڽӴϲμô
ŵͷһۣʵ£
˱֣˵û£Ҽң㿴𣿡
ŵʼ磬˵ȻС
μңǼ޳ȥŮ˵ŵˡ
ŵص䣬ֽ̿ٻһ
֮ǰǷ۷֮ƭȥˣҪٻһ
˿˼Ϊɬ
һУԭԼġ
μ˲õˣõġ
ŵȻʶʲôȻʵ֮ǰЩǲ͵ģ
ûзϣһ͵ôǱӦҵģܽ͵𣿡
ŵ磬ʵϷϣǶ⣬Ҳ͵İɣ
ŤͷûгϣҲûзϡ
ŵг⣬ڽ⿪
ŵľΪȡﲻ£ӳһһǴҡڵĽθ˿ҲֻΪӡ
ͲˣΪʲô˫̥ãǻöԷá
Ͳѧѧ˺ҹݺ˼Ҳ׽á
ŵû˵ʲôˣרĸӻ
ԲôŹ飬ʵҾôң
ҲȹҲֹһΣûرʲôġ
ŵ˱˱ȭ˵֮Ϊ±ţҲҪĶ顭
յҲҪ±ӣҾҪⱲӣ
ĺŵ
μҵãôǽɣԡ
Ѿܹˣ֪ʲôʱһ㡣
Ľһ붮¡
μ˴ʼգһԿţ鵭Ȼƺ˲ڡ
ֳӣ˸
ָμˣŵĲںľѵһӶΪ𣿡
μ˿ƽʵΪʲôأ
΢΢һ㶣ԸУһľĻ츳װ˷ѣҲԶҵĶ֣
μûԥ˵Ը⡣
๫Ȼ๫Ҫ
⣬Ѿ˼ˡ
˵ĳ֣Ҳôó𰸡
˿˿ŵֿ˿μˣߵ˵ĺǵԪԪǶڣ
ŵרĻٺ˵ʲô
˵Ǿ仰ʱȷ⡣
⣬жݡ
û뵽Ը
ûиľ顣
˵Ķ໰ͬĬĬž
ӵ⡣
ȷ飬е⣬⡣
ΪԷ
ŵҲ˽ΪһʱĿ֮·
ҡ
Ҫӱ
ľһн취
ûа취ǾֻŵŬˡ
˵Щ飬ӣ֪ʲôʱܻȷ⡣
ŵΪһֱľ룬ûϿ
ԭֻΪ
Ϊйԣĸ飬ͱȳ˵һЩû˱ŵ֪Ҫȶãﻰ
ллˡ
ˡ
ǸŵǣߵĺһҲӦõġ
ŵסˣûлأѾˣٴ̼֪ʲô顭
һ룬ɫûˣŵȥ㡣
Ҳ뱻˾
˵һŵ뿪䡣
ŵ뿪֮˿μˣŵĴУ
μʵ𣿡
˼ᶨȻˣ츳ôãôãԺȥŬһ㣬ⱲӵпܣѵǸľ磿
μȥаɡ
ѾеĹˡ
ֻ뵱״ԪˣѰӡ
μ˲Ϊ
Ȼϲ
ϲ๫Ҫ๫֮һѡѡ๫
ˣȻ˵лл㡣
һ£ʵлʲô
μ˵㣬һ֪Լôϲ๫Ҳô
ԣֻһѪӿɫǺࡣ
㲻ǻûаԼ彻𣿡
μƽ˵๫˵İ취ҵУʵڲеĻŬбҵġ
ȣȣȣ
һ˳죬ͣĿԡ
úúá
ǰ˫򱼸ǰɣ
ͷˣ
򲻹μˣͶνˣ
ûпڣվһԲ뿪
ߵԺʱ̲סݺݵڵϲ˼¡
ļשƬ̾ͱȳ촷ۡ
һӰո߽ԺӣͿһĻ
ɴ۾ǰһĻɫˢһ²Ұףüˣأ
һ᲻İεԼɣ
ǿҲˡ
˭أ
̾˿ӲͷƤǰͷѸ˵˽㣬Բ𣬶ҵĴҲӦ˵ЩҶУԭҰɣ
˻ͷϣʲô飬ƯĴŮžͷһ߲ŵϵשһߵҲԭ£
һĵˣûô֪Ǻõʱһ̧ͷμ˴ӷ߳
˿μˣֿ˿ſڵμˣ˶ɵˡ
ָָμˣָָˣ𾪵㣬ǡ
Ľ߽һ͵ǰ͵㣬λ˽㣬Ǽ˽ãǺҺһá
׹
Ŷ˫̥ð
μ˾Ȼһ˫̥á
˫̥ôˣ
Բ㣬ֲ
˼ҽ㻹û˵ʲôأֱģ˵ʲôԭ£ԭԭµģʲô飿
ߵμǰ˵˽㣬Բ𣬶ҵĴҲӦ˵㲻һӣǶ˵ķ軰㲻Ҫϡ
Цһ˵˵ûͲһӡ
ղűŵĹǺô˵μˣǸԼңתͷˣŭʲôϵôô죡
Ҳһǻŭ޴йͬҾͶ죬ôˣһܣ
˿۳һޣҧʹ㰡
ŵϻվСԺſڣһĻ
һ֡
֮ɵóޣҵĳڻϣ־ҵҡΡ
վߣĿŻеˡ
һӻгֱ֣ȥ
ûдײһ¼̵ǽڣɢ


184 ֪ķ
䣡
ıӰʧ˵Ҳ֮ѡ
˸Ժһңңӣؿڽ΢΢
ֻ˵΢΢ֻ΢΢
΢΢ѹȸʮ㡣
ŵϣĬĬм߹
ҲĺãǴܣ˭Ҳð˭Ҳﲻˡ
˵ĵһμ棬Դ֣ɢա
һȥ
߽һСԺŭˣ
ǱμֱǸŮԼû취жˡ
ʦ㣬ôˣ
ҧǸŮˣŰɣһ죬Ҫǰģ
Ůˣ룬˵ʦ˵ǰɣǳ𣿡
㣿
üͷһһЦɫλ
ղֵĹķʽӦþǷҵֶˣǱμͷΣӦõһʱ뵽
ʲôһЦɫشһ㣬ʲô
Ǹһղ˼֮񡯵ķˣμ˵ôӵģ๫úð̣ܽôմǲݡ
θ϶ûлʶʲô˺͹ֻܸһдʫҲֻܸһ˵ٻ
һ֮𽥻ָЩǡ
ʵҲȫμˡ
ľеľȻڶϣȷҪࡣ
ʲôо
ĸľʦ˵ľ֮󣬾ͲܼˣҲᵽŮӵĿ֣Ǿͳչأ͵͵˱Ĺ
ȵֵʱѾΪʱ
ľѾͨ޷תľȻǴΪ⵽طʮÿÿ𣬶оѣڵľ
ô룬μʵͦġ
ǾҲ๫
ǻûߵһлᡣ
ûԵ֣ͲʮǰһѶУƫƫץǷݻ顣
μľȻѡ
˵ϲԼ๫
˰ȭ
ȻʱμռȻ
ûء
ʱһСԺС
ŵμʱЩΡ
ղźò׹˴ϣϴε飬ɫһ죬Щ֪룬ͷ૵˽㣬ҡ
μ˿ҡͷ˵˰ɡ
Ȼ̧ͷϲʵԭˣ
μȥ飬ˡ
˵ʱȷЩЩҲͨһЩ顣
û뵽ҸôͻȻѾ˱ӵ׼û뵽ô׵ľͻԭ¡
ǽóһģһԸֱһϣһ¡
ŵʱ̧ͷһԺ￴Ӻ
Ҳֻػˡ
ӦеľҪȻԵģܾͻˡ
һᣬһʹӦвǿߣ伮ҲйľĽ
ӱϷ˽ȥˣŵ߳䣬Ŀӣ˶Ĭûǰ顣
ŵߵߣ˵Ҹæ
Դǿ֮ٺһһɬĸо˵̵֮ھȥ
ʱθ֮ڡ
Ϸһǣμˣһǣˣǵַһ˵ǵǵԩӦǺĽһСһ𳤴׽á
лһ֮˵֣˵ȻѾصμңԺһҪమǽ㣬ʲôطĲãҪ
μҶˣʵǿǷֻ̫࣬ҪᵱĻ£κҪμҶᾡ㡣
μû˵ʲôֻ΢΢ͷ
˵ͷ˵Ҹջصʲôʲôطˣϣ㲻Ҫҡ
Ϸǣ˵֣˵ǧΣλˣˣǺĸһȥʥĸԸ

Ϸ˴Ӻ˳ȥˣŵڼһʱٴλ
һӵݸŵ
ŵһʹ֮УȻйľļء
ɹеĵ伮ľļҲࡣ
֪ģ˸ģûжٲ
˹ΪһĶķΪʵŮ׼ģгڣȷкܴļӳãŵ㣬Ҳȱ㡣
һڣȾû취ټˡ
ȻΪʧҲκ
ҪʵΨлһֹŹľ·ߣܺľغϡ
һŹζŴͷʼ֮ǰУ˵ȫ˷ѣȴҲʧȥϸһĿܡ
֮ϣûмνһ⡣
ֻᵽĳһʱ䣬в׿Ůӣľ̲ס͵Ů֮ʹΪͣͲǰ
ľȻѹ˵
ѹԽݣһһ㣬޷ơ
ˣľĹУѹ˵ǴͳĹ㣣Ĳ˵
ǬֹµľĶȻľһЩȴûȱݡ
˵ĸףǺúݵġ
ѹ˻ֿľ˵Ҳһƫˡ
ʵʲô˭ľˣ
ŵûн͸࣬ʵôˣ
һۣ˵ô״ԪһռˣҼҲǣҲǣֻܵȸʳٶˣϺܾãлˡ
ŵ˵㡭
̵һ£Ȼȥˣ
һתͷ˳ȥŵǱɢɢġ
̫飬ˣǺߣŪԴģҲһҡ
뿪θڳĽֵϣ֪䣬ߵſڡ
֮ǰ˽ߵĵҲѾװϣ࣬ɹһַ
һ¥˿ˡ
һЩļӳɣ˱ĹҲȷڣкܶˣǵΪġ
Ƭ̺¥
ŵ˿ڲ裬˵Ǹʵ̫࣬ûʱкǡ
ЦЦǼ飬ûзϡ
е㿪ġ
ֻнѣŻ˵⡣
ŵ˵ûϵ״ԪŹصһܶ࣬˲Ҳ
ŵ̾Ϊԭͺˡ
΢΢һ㶣ʵ̾ʲôĪʲôķ£
գգ۾˵ǲĻԺū˵˵ūܸǽء
ŵߣһѣ˵µġ
ǵˡ
ܣЩҲû취˵
ҲʵǱơ
˵һܺõ߶ģһǾˣŵָΪԼǽѣи˵˵Ҳá
Ƭ̺󣬷¶Ȼ֮ɫ૵Ȼ飿
ŵʵ˵ӱӦȢģιã
ŵ˵ͷ
Цһ˵˹ϲӣҲ⣬Ůӣ˭޸״ԪǷݵͼҲιһ
ŵƳһۣ˵Ҷ췳ˣͱ˵ˡ
Цݣ˵ʵҪ˹ﲻپҲûа취
ŵüʵʲô취
˵ȻлԼΪʲôô궼ûг֣޷ǾùǰǸɵ֮ˣ䲻㲻״ԪҲδػι
ŵʵ˼ǣ
Ц˵һϷ̽̽ӻ״Ԫʱ򣬼СҶԹӲ벻ǹӻָǰӣ֪С㻹ԸԸһԸ⣬ȵ¶ʱԼҲûˡ
ŵ΢΢һ
˵⣬
ûȥĥĥ
ŵҴȥҹݺ߽ʵʱԸأ
̾Ϣһ˵Ǿû취ˣ˼ұлԼȣô壬Ůӣôܱأ


185 ·
θ·ϣŵĥ÷˵⣬пԡ
˵òҪ̽ģΪ˷Ǹʵʵ뷨Ҳδԡ
Լûʶϲģֻ״ԪСʱѡɷ
ŵصθʱһӰվθ⣬ԥ
һλӣǳɫĹٷ
ŵȻûмˣòҲϤˡ
¬ʢĶͷ˾
Ļڷ֮ϡ
θĪҶģ
ţѵΪƾٵ飿
ŵߵſڣʵ¬ˣ𣿡
¬ʢͷһһλòˣüż񣬶Ȼλ״Ԫˣδ뵽ǣȻʶԼ
ŵ˹֣˵һҪ£Ҫ״Ԫ顣
ŵ֣˵¬˽˵ɡ
Ƭ̺СԺ֮ڣŵһ裬¬ʢ˹֣Ц˵ȣϲ״Ԫɸ״Ԫ֮󣬳ϾֻһλŹǶ
¬ˣˡ
زأⶼǱٵķθ֮ԡ
һ֮¬ʢſڵʵǷ֮״ԪһҪµġ
ŵ¬˵
¬ʢһ˵ڴ󳯻ԣҪ¿״ԪУѡһλΪ״ԪӦ֪ɣ
ƾȻˣ񲿵鷳Ÿոտʼ
飬ҪŲ죬ʵ
ŵ˵ͷ˵š
¬ʢٿһ˵ƾλ״ԪǺܺѡģǣһ˶״Ԫǿƾ״ԪЩѰˣڴ󳯻ϣ¹Ա˵ȥĻͬʥּǲջصģ״ԪѾ䣬Ǽ޸и֮棬ԡ
ŵ˿ڲ裬˵¬ʲôֱ˵
¬ʢԣ״ԪɿɲȺͷ˺룬ȻҪ룬Ȣ˹ٽΪң
һ̡
¬ʢĴӷܳ·żʱ򣬻һ£ˤ
ŵܳθֹͲ£ʲôôƢʲô
վθſڣĵȥ·ϵĻҳһţ˽ӡ
·вͨˣֻܻص֮
θ
ŵߵԺμ˵´ٿֱ˸ϳȥղžͲ
μ˿ŵȻʵǸĴʲô
ŵɻʲô⣿
μǸ⡣
ŵסʵǣûϲ
ӹȻˡ
ûеŵشμ˱˵ϲ㣬ȢҪȺĻûϵġ
ŵ΢΢һ㶡
û뵽ӻ˵Ļ
ûü˵ʲôһǽ֮ĵط͵ǽŭйϵѡ๫ƾʲô
μ˿һֱۣ߻ط䡣
˿ŵ˵㲻ȢǸŮˣ
ŵңҿߵˡ
ҪȻͼȮˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôֱ򷿼ȥһ׷ȥһߵҸ˵أûУ
˵İ
ĺܳ
ŵ߻ط䣬õ档
㵯٣ԼĶ䡣
񣬶ΪʲôֵŵԼҲϡͿġ
ֵԣ¼ٸ߳ܲٿ֮Ҳš
Ѱ˵ֻ֣֡
ŵ̵֣ȴСΧĿصܿ˵»ãܽΪĹ
ŵһΡ̡СԺĻУոȥĻܿͳ˻֦Ҷ趯ųĻ
վԺ￴һĻ
иˡ
ô˼๫Ӧİ
ŵѣǻһΪ滺ġġ·ʲôǿиƽеŭôˡ
ŵԸо˵Щ
ѹֿƾҪ֣Ҳֱգᵽֵ֮
Ųһõ壬һƬһƬŻˣмƻĳ顣

硣
˴Ӵ˿ܣ¶һȻʧı顣
ϣһΡ
εĸ״ߵμˣμңСѡ๫÷һ𳤴๫дʫƯٻ
๫״Ԫ๫ϣڳͷ˶ͶĽĿ⡭
ˡ
һУΪλӰ
һ˯ĺʱѾҪˡ
˴ߵԺһľߣС߽һԺӡ
μסĵط
üͷ첽ȥ
Ƭ̺
֮ڣŵڴϣͷһѪɴ۾ֱĶǰĿ񣬱͡
ܼһߣʵôˣ
úõģүԴôỬĵأ
ǼǵúүײһӣűĴġ
ײɵˣҪôźã
ջذ֣ۺ룬˵ޱۣɻ۱ޣϷҽ꣬Ҳû飬ֻΪһ԰֮ԳԼٹۺЧ
ߵǰдʱܼߣʵүоô
ŵãȻĿʵ˭
ܼɫһףү⸱ӣ̫Ϥˡ
ѵһײֽүײصǰˣ
ͷһӣ֪ײһ£ܲܽүײ
˴߽䣬ʵôˣ
ܼһͷһۣ̾һʲôҲû˵
߽ҩܼʵҼүûпٱ
ҡҡͷ˵ʵ˵ϣ󡭡
˵꣬ҩ뿪
˴ĿڴϣľȻŵ
ֱɵ
￴˿ʵμأ
£μ˶һ߽࣬üߵ˵ôӵģľΪԼ๫չ˲𣡡
μ˿һۣ㲻һֱҰ๫㣬㻹Ҫ𣿡
μˣû뵽ˣָָŭҪ㵱ҪΪʲôҪԼѡ๫һõĴββãҲҵھд飬̣ϣ
ŵЩɵۡ
˷˵Ľ飬˽ˣҪˡ
˭֪·ư


186 ˵
֮ڡ
ŵüģãʵӣˣ˵ʲô
˿ϲˣ
ŵղֻЩΣںöˡ
תͷμˣʵղ˵Ļ㲻㻰
μ˵˵ʲôˣ
ôԶţ
ʲôûдӦ㡣

ʱǴȥˣŵܼҵȰ棬Ȼֳš
·ʱ˳ȥ˷ժԴϵɴϴ˶ͷϵϡ
˺Ŀʵôˣ
ŵ̾˿˵ˡ
˵ģû뵽Լ
ͷС֮ģȾ֮
֮ҲЩп˵벻ιãô壬ȻˣΪʲôͬʱҸأ

һ޶檣Ǻ飬ټӣǬЧ˴ŮӢǽöȢˣ˭ҲܳΪһ׮̸
ò˵ĻⰡ
ĸһŮ޸ҪǽŮȢˣôɽɱس
徳ʦ֪ס
ңǼͬ⣬Ҳ϶ͬ⡣
ŵǿȷġ
ǼеľԸܣܺ˲˶١
ĽϺܹɣǴ粽õġ
룬ʵˣôˣƾٽǸΪѡˡ
ĺĺŵŸոսиߡ
ǲܺġ
Ҳ檡
ڳ͢ôǵ顣
һһɡ
ӴһֵŵԷ˵쵽ڻûгԶɡ
һлˣһɰ
Զɽ亣ζżͦһ򵥵档
ҳһࡣ
̲Ҳǰ̲ˡ
ǰô󣬷ıܷۡ
ᣬֺһֺóԵ棬ȻϲϹ⣬Ҳùû⣬и˵ˡ
ŵԹԣ˵ҸһµӣӰһҪĵġ
˵գŵһʱ
ڣѾòֵˡ
һ棬ŵҲ˼ܾοҲûʲô飬ǰĽӣΪ˼顣
˿ǵ浯ٵӰĿвɵĸֳ֮ɫ
࣬֡
óֵȻóֱ޿ޣһ޷󼰵ľ硣
ˣѹ˶Ҫһ̣˽ռΪе뷨
ŵһգ˵ʱ򣬷һֵ
˵Ҳ
һ̣ǵͱˮĽͳݣŵһȻԼղŲ˻þ
뿪󣬻صθʱŵֿһϤӰ
¬ʢվŵüͷǰ˵״Ԫɣȱ飡
Ƭ̺ŵٴν¬ʢθ
û裬Ҳû䡣
ŵԺеʯϣ˵¬Ϊ£
¬ʢҲûżɽ˵գе¿ƽʿҪʥлʶȻУܽ԰磬״Ԫȷϵ̵ġ
׻˵󲻻磬ҹС
˽ʿǰ¶ûʲô
ڳ͢˵ÿƾ֮Ϊ¿ƽʿٰ͵ĻᣬһԳ͢ԿƾٵӣͬʱҲܼѧӣμӿƾ٣һУԾţǰʥ
״ԪǿƾٵһϣӵʿûеȨ
磬ÿĿƾ״ԪΨһһλЯӲμеĽʿ
⣬еĳӣ״Ԫļſ·״ԪɻؼҼݣϢ֪ȣھȪ֮Ҳӡ
״ԪǳʿҲɽƹڿջ
ȫĿջϣ˽»ؽ
Щ̣񲿸ģ¬ʢóһĵͼ·ߣŵȷ֮ʵ״ԪɵգҪҪŷһ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵Ȼ
ȻҲʲôں
ŵͷ֣ʵеĵġ
ô¶ĳ棬϶ȥ
¬ʢȡֽʣһ߼¼һʵ֮ʱ֪״Ԫѡǳ˳
ЩƣŵȻʮϤ
еգ״Ԫۣͷɴññ幬ֻһˣһѡЯˣѡ˳
ŵ룬˵˳ɡ
˳ʡ
еƽʱڽϼûгǵ¶ڳϣͬԱ;İտ
״ԪǵվԵǣܶϸڣҪ״ԪҪϵĲȣȣҲѯ״Ԫ
ˣÿƾ٣ԴĸصῡܣͷҲҪ״Ԫ֮λ
¬ʢһһʣ֪ҪʵʲôʱȥŵǬֽʣ˵ˣ¬˲ˣԼдɡ
ŵСӷϣܱʼ顣
Ƭ̺ӵݸ¬ʢ˵ˡ
¬ʢӹӣĿȥǱһֺеĿ⡣
дҲ㲻״Ԫɵȣò֡
ٿϵݣ˵ķ棬һЩСϸڶûзŹ¬ʢ̾еҲˣ治״Ԫ
һЩҪעҪ˵һ˵ҲûбҪˡ
ӣ˵񲿾״Ԫдİˡ
֮ǰֻͷһۣ˵ϴ˵飬״ԪĲǡ
ŵһۣ¬ʢ̱죬Ⱦܡ
ʿʱ򣬱һֵģʱٳû౨ñԼᡣ
μ˴ӷ߳ŵǣ֣Լϡ
μɫ΢΢һ죬ȴҲûпܣŵס
ŵ˵ղ񲿵ˣǽʿкᣬһȥ
μ˵˵ͷһ
ŵôıϵ
ǰĻ棬붼롣
ôı˶ܸܵ˴˵μ˵Щ죬ƽŵͬĽƵʡ
һ̣ŵĽĸܵҸ
ôϣԶ౧һ
һӰȴʱ˵ĴԱߵǽͷ
μվȻƽȴһơ
˰ŵ˵رһ£Һ˵¡
ŵ򷿼ȥһǶǽ
ԭ誷򸾵ס֪ô˵Ϸˣ誷򸾻˵طᵽŵڣǱǽ
ŵӰؼסˡ
߻ط󣬶ſڣҪ͵˵ʲô
Ǻģŵ͸ŷ죬ֻܿ촽ڶ˵ʲô
ıӲ϶ʲôû
Ժ
һӲĿμˣǳ˳еʱҲһΰɣˡ


187 Ļʵľ
ͬˣ
ŵӣһȻ
գ˳ΣǶ״Ԫ˵Ȩ
һ£žµױݣŻķΣϻڳϣųһȦ·վΧ֮ˣƶ֮ҵŮӣǴԹǧ𣬶ͶĽͼʵ
ֻᣬһֻһΡ
ΪҲִܲ
ȻԸһˡ
ǽһҿڣһҴӦ
μ˵˵ͷ˵ҲһΣһΰɣĸ˵ˣҪһ㡣
ŵ촽˶û˵ʲô
ȻӶûĸʲô顣
Ӧˣһָûꡣ
ĽϣŵѾ̫ˡ
˳ŵƼˣҪӲڶʲô飬ˡ
˵Ҳ֣˫̥ĳʱ䣬ͲôһСΪʲôǽһ㡣
ǽˣŵ½Լϣղű˴ϵ顭

إһ
컹δѾִɨǬǬȻˮϴһȾ
¿ƽʿν֮գֻаյĽϡ
ڣκؼΣܴӳ־Υ̣ȨԱҲ⡣
յĳ¿ƽʿġ

ŵ˸磬Ϊһ񲿵ĳ֮ǰҪӻһױ
ƽﲻôױҪôǰ¶϶Ҫһչ¶
μͭǰŵΪ֯ͷ
Ϊ״Ԫˣǿڵġ
磬񲿾ͽǵˡ
ڵȻβŵҪΪһׯķ͡
һ
Ҫ˳ν֣켤һ϶û˯š
߽ʱÿŵڸμüϵЦ̾ûˡ
Լ๫ȴΪüױ
ֻޱɬߵ˶ûС
Ƭ̺ŵӵĶͷһ仨䣬ϸֳһ˿Цݣ˵ˡ
˿ǰԼһģһŮӣһ־Ϊ˵ĸо
֪ԼƯ֪ôƯ
һģһǺμվһԼѾһ
뿪ױ̨ŵվſڵˣ˵Ÿʲôѽʱ࣬һ񲿵Ҫˡ
΢΢һ㶣ͷ˿ֺûˣָָԼȷŵ𣿡
ŵ˵ĵȻ
ʱӹſڳ;һʱӻһ¡
ǳһģһһͷһױݣ˵ˣŵԼһֳܷ
ھǰɫ΢΢Щ죬ΪͿ̫֬׿
ô󣬻ǵһ˸ױ
ŵŮӣлױġ
ҲЩ
ɽһ·ӵ·ϵʱ򣬲ŵһνӴ֬ˮۣ̼ǵõһλױʱԼԼˡ
ô֬ϣÿһĨܳʵĵط
ԺΪױͺˡ
ŵѸٸ˻ױĶͷϣһһģһĻ䡣
վһ𣬾ŵҲܵһʱֱ
ʱѿصãոո˻ױܼҾʹ߽˵ү񲿵˵ˡ
¿ƽʿǣҪȥʥлʶ
ŵμˣ˵Ȼڼһʱ񲿻ġ
֮ŵ߳һź
֮ڡ
һӵĶ档
˿μˣӿֳһֵĸо
ȻԹμ๫òϣϣԼ׵ˣû֮һ
СûмףѶ̫׽ĸ顣
ĸסη塣
ΨͬĽ㣬һԴѪС
û๫͸ˡ
μ˿ˣޱϤͬһĸо

ʹ֮ڡ
һ¿ƽʿ߽
ŵɫۣͷɴñ弸乬ţȺǰ档
ڿյģûһλԱ
һŵǣõһϵ¿ƽʿ֪˭ĳӡ
¬ʢվǰǿ˵һǸ̻ʵ۵Ĺ£¿ƽʿվǱ°ϧ˲ţӦʱʱ̿μǱµĶ¡
˵һӣĳһ̣תһλ¿ƽʿлʥ
л¶䣡
һλ¿ƽʿĶԴĻʵݾߵ֮
ĵһлʶڶǳ
˼壬񲿵ĹԱ¿ƽʿ֣һʵ౨ʾ
֮⣬ÿһξվһ񲿹Աÿһ֣ǾͻһĽʿִȥֱ֡
ԣΧ˰գַʽʿǼ档
ǰ
ĻʵϣĿɨվǰļӰ
չǼλվŵģǿƾ״ԪԼ״Ԫ

һ״ԪǣĲɳ֮⣬òҲı¡
ǰ״Ԫɣһ˲ţһֺԵĸо
⼸ˣһλ֮λ
¬ʢߵ룬ƾٵһŵ
ŵǰһŴǰ˰ݣȻк棬ǲδ̧ͷ
ֱӱ£ʧֵͼǲܷġ
¬ʢ˶٣ٴοڣڶޭZ
ŵһλòʵ߳ǰİ˰ݣȻصԭλ
ء
ǫ

ڰʮ񡣡
ڰʮ

һ¬Ȼ
¬ʢһ֣еĲӣ˵£һλ¿ƽʿѾϡ
Ļüͷʵ״Ԫأôûǵ֣
״ԪȻƾ״ԪҪҲӦ©ǵ֣ǲóֵ©
¬ʢ˶˵ر£˽ƾУ״Ԫ¿״ԪŵԲδظ
ʲô
Ļʴվ
ϴ״Ԫ״ԪͬһˣϴΡ
Ǵ
ŵ
꣬Ψ״Ԫϵһ֮ʵ۵ʱ
ŵŵĻ߶֣૵֣ôЩ졭
һ¹ߵߣС˵˼䡣
ĻʲôĿиֳһ˿ɫ
ʱ¬ʢٴοڣʾ£ǷԽеһ
֮󣬻Ҫ¿ƽʿǼһϸʱ䡣
Ļʳаɡ
¬ʢڽʿ˳첽߽Ļʹ˹˵£ڴ󳯻ԣҪڼλ״ԪѡһλΪ״Ԫϵһ֮¿״ԪѾ䣬񲿲֪δã¶ᡭ
ĻָĦεķ֣˳Ĭ
˾ʱҲδ뵽
˽³ŵջصء
Ǵ󳯻ϣ¹Աԣз֮
¿״ԪѾ䣬ӭȢ䲻֪ôۣǻʼҼҲñ
룬˵״ԪŽУ޸˶֮ţҲί˰񲿰չƣգŹޣ״Ԫԭ֮ޣӷھ빫ͬΪޣݡ
ٴι˵ּ
ҹûйһŮͬΪ޵
״Ԫϡ٣Ϊ֮Ҳ˵ùȥ
ҹ״Ԫֻ
´˾٣ȶ˵ŵԣֲû·顣
ǰίˡ
ĻҲ̾һ˵޵ʱǲܣϷԣֻֽ˰ţϣҪޡ


188 ʥּͻ

ױ̨ǰױŮ٣Ϊױ
ǰãǻױıʶŵ֮󣬱Ҳˡ
޹ȥܾԼױˡ
ϧ޵̫ˣĻܺһ˳ν֣ȫŮӶĽͼʡ
ոջױһλŮ߽˵£ˣ˵Ǳټ
Ҫң
һ㶣ЩʴδټµΪʲô顣
Щ̽ʵû˵Ϊʲô飿
ŮٵƺǹڹĻ¡
Ҳ޷ˡ
˳УŮţһ·԰
ĳǰһӰֶ
ŲӰת¶һӢϵ
ǰʡ
ĸڵʱйһζݵĿͯ꣬ʱĸʣһ棬ĲϣὫٹͷ
Դĸ̫Ӹ̲ʣʾ𽥱Ĳ񸸻ˡ
ϿڵĸʣСʱеĸʣûκα仯Ů֮䣬ȴѾһĺ蹵
ĻʿǰŮӣһ̶Ŀ⣬ڳЩ̾޵СѾɴˡ
һ˿֪ٶΪ£
ĻʵĿ⣬±䣬ڵѾʻ֮䣬󳯻ʱ˵Ҫڼλ״ԪУѡһλȴҲû뵽״ԪȻͬһˡ
ѾᵽɤۣĵĻ
Ļʼ˵޵¹Ա˵ȥĻ޷ջأֻίˣѾ㿴ˣǱãһ˶״ԪǹŽеӢܣгŵ޸ԭͬΪޡ
δ˵꣬Ѿ档
ڡ
ȵˣ
Թ֣Ե˵๫Դ絽һһ鰸һУκϲ顭
Ļᣬ˶٣˵֪ίˣϷԣǻʼҹӦöʶ塣
ĨĨᣬ̧ͷ˵֪˵ĻǲµĹԱͰնԸʧȥΣԸޣ
ĻбΣԵ˵ɡ
ҪһĻҪܶܶļױҪͼ˽һޡ
Ļʵ˭Ǽ˽㣿
ԭӡ
Ļܾﲻԣ֮󣬻ǴӦ
޹ͬʱԭ㹻أԵûҵĴȣǵĻҪܵ
ʵڶأ
û˿ԥ˵Ҫһν֡
ҲʲôֵҪĻ⣬˵ʽҪһܽʡּӦûü

ʹ
ĳ֮ڡ
۵״Ԫǰ棬ڽʿĴӵ߳
񲿵ĹԱ˵Ѿʼʱ˲ŷ׷״˾
ʮ꣬ȵĲһ̣
ûߵſڣѾĽֵԣɽ˺
ţ򿪡
¬ʢǰָмţŵ״Ԫɣߴš
λʿֻ״Ԫмţ֮ˣֻһԵͰխĲš
֮߳󣬱ԿͣڲԶĻˡ
һϣʲժĻ֦һʿǻЩг
ڵʽѾ񲿹Աȴٳûпʼ
Ҳֻվԭصȴ
ŵҲЩɻ󣬰̣Ӧϳ׼ˡ
ôԱÿһ̶ʱ䣬ֵܷͼ
ʱһӹм۶
ʥּ
ϵʿû߳ţһʮȴ˳
Ȼ󣬵͸ʮ㣬ӵĻУĴ˵Ķ䡣
ǰĽʿڣ˶ȥɲǼ䣬ſһƬ
ʿӻȡһɫľᣬ˵¿״Ԫŵּ
ŵһ£ѧּ
ʿ򿪾ᣬگԻ¿״ԪŵƷأòţ״ԪһʵӢ̳֮֮Ůˣ磬л֮ʣع£а֮Ʒھˡ֮Ůͱǣ֮أʻ֮ʱ鱸䣬ɪͬͬ£⣬ա
ʥּʿ·һİգҲ
ֻʥּ̫ҧľ֣󲿷ʲô˼
¿ƽʿǣǶĲٶ
ǣù޸
ʼҹôܼ޸и֮
Ϊ״ԪһˣԷѾ䣬»ջسʿѡһλΪ
û뵽Ըù޸и֮򣬶ˡ
״Ԫô˲𰡣
״Ԫȷ˲
ûμӹƾٵˣܻ״Ԫ
ֻвμӹƾٵˣ֪һݲ״Ԫ
ʥּ˵Ȣúԭ롣
ԺգǳȨΨһĶӣָ״Ԫλнʿһ
ҲͰˣһ˶󣬲ˡ
ƾʲôеĺ£ˣ
еĽʿĽּʡ
ҲֻĽʡ
ڳľʮˣһλ㣬¶һƵ״Ԫֲ
ǲ
ʥּͻȻŵЩ⧲
˵ֻҪ״ԪĻ¾һϡ
ŵˡ
ϾҲǣˣҲˣҲˡ
ŵĵλʼЩġ
ԭ뷨ǣһʱһʱ
ڲú룬ίӣͬΪ޵Ľ˵ﻰû롣
ʿʥּߵŵǰ˵үּɡ
ŵӹʥּ˵л¶䡣
ʱһӰӹ߳
ͷڣŻĹװߵŵǰ֡
žգˣӺݻİôס֣һڽʿҪҧˡ
ٴһĿ
дĺһ㡣
Ƴӡ
ϧû
ȴһ׮鷳£¬ʢ¶Цݣ˵״Ԫ빫ϳ
ŵǣ֣ߵǰһǰ
һӰѾڳˡ
ͷҿμˡ
μ˿һۣĬĬԱŲŲó˸λá
Ƶľ˵λãϾûһλ״Ԫλޡ
λλùŵм䣬ӣұҲ£мûκο϶ˡ
״Ԫĳݣǰ
֮Ľʿǣ˹һǰʼձһξ롣
ŵǣ֣Ҳ֪ղŵʥּûС
ûڵһĻҲܿ
֮ǰƺѾ˰
˸ˡ
ŵǣӵ֡
˳ûκοܡ
󵨵Ľ˵ֵһμתͷһۣδ˵ʲô
Ȼ˿΢ЦĿ·Ⱥƣ˻ӣȺһ󻶺


189 
һȵĽʿν֣ԣվ˿ֵİա
һЩٹˣҲڼſڵȴ
Ȼһ״ԪʼȥˣĽʿӦҲһЩġ
ǿУһѲνۼֿ죬ͱ׽ˡ
εν֣ʢǰ
Ͼƾ״ԪУ״ԪѼ
ԶԶһʻȺϡ
״ԪǲòѰ
ףôλŮӣ˵ֻ״Ԫܺ״Ԫͬ𣿡
ûղŵʥּ𣿡
ˣ
Ѿͻ¿״Ԫˣ״ԪλһϣǺ飿
治״ԪӣȢ¶ĶҲ̫ˡ
ǿ״Ԫб㿼һҲܵõĶ䡭

Żϡӵұ״Ԫɣ˺档
ܿΪǽԵɡ
Ĵ󳯻ϣ׿˵Ҫѡһλ״Ԫ
״ԪֻһˣȻûѡˡ
ʵ˵ĻջأĽ޸ԭΪھ͹һӡ
飬ǰɴδ
ɼ¶״Ԫӡ
кͯĿӻΧ֮˵̧ۣͷԼĸףͯ޼ɵԺҲҪ״ԪҲҪȢ
ԵĸЦԴ˵ͺúö飬Ժ״ԪҲ״Ԫô⡭
ͯʹĵ˵ͷѾ˿ƾٵӡ
Ⱥ֮УվĿ
ű˳ѲγгĽ
Ľ֮࣬ҲаģһҪҲһ˾ĳ档
֮ϣ¿ƽʿǼޱȣ״Ԫɵʫ
䣬񳯷ŵ˼ġ
㼲һտ
ʫ˵Ǵ˿дգ
Ժŵӵܣ棬Űջ֮Ľı飬ԡڳŮӰĽУҲЩƮƮȻ
㣬ٶǮƣٴȨҲġ
ƾǰƽȡ
ʹȨ㳯ҰɵйҪ⻨֮ѲΣҲֻܿԼı¡
ʻٶȲ죬󵨵Ůӣ뻳Լ򻨳
ҲʿѲεĹ
״ԪڵĻȻࡣ
ÿҪʱͻᱻһε谭մζƮƮڵϣЩŮӵһ
Ůǣ״ԪߵӰĽԸӡ
һ״ԪĻⱲҲ㲻׻ˡ
ŵϣ״ԪϲãԶԶһǣŰһǣӡ
һ·һ·֡
֮£ҪĶ࣬һŵϲǱŵĲ׽ˡ
ķҲ޷ȫĨȥС
ʻĳͣ¡
һ񲿹Ա״Ԫظ
ŵȻֱ֣ӺͰ
״Ԫǹҫ飬״ԪҪȥüݣ񲿵ĹԱʿȴ
¬ʢվſڣŵ˵״Ԫɣ뽫ʱ価ڰ֮ڡ
ŵ˵ͷǣӺͰ߽
ĵϣѾ˺̺иŵƽʡ
ѾߵĴӵ֮£ŵߵãݹ棬ԭ·صʱμ߽ĳԺ䣬Ƭ̺߳
˼棬ۺ졣
˿ŵߵɵʲô
΢΢һ㶣ܿʶʲôü㴩״Ԫ˵ʲô˽أ
һ˵ҽ㣬㣬·봩ʹܵ𣿡
һЦ˵˼һܵš

Ƭ̺Ӱ߳˻
ѲμС
˻ɻеʱ۵
״ԪȢˣ򸴺󣿡
²ͻ״Ԫɣ״Ԫ˷ھǻʼң
˵ҪΪ˳ﱸһʢĻ񣬹ͬޣӦǵһΰɡ
յ
ɫ԰ס
춼ˡ
ھˣʢЩӦİ
๫ˣһ
ôô࡭
ף״Ԫôˣ
ӦǸжˮɣΪһɵӣû뵽һλ״ԪɣྡҲޡ
޶ôѹ״ԪΪдôʫȫЩݡ

ǵۣ˵ֹסˡ
滨ȣһߵһĴ⡣
ĺͽֱߵİմкÿһλ֣һ󻶺
ĬĬĲϵˮҲԼһߵİջʾ⣬һ·ʻһ·
¥
ڴߣŻ·Ľֵвһ˿ۡ
ҹݺ߹Ц˵ôĹµһķˣѵҲ״Ԫɹȥ˻겻ɣ
ûпڡ
Ȼڶ࣬ǸŮӡ
״Ԫ
ƾѡ
˵ͨ鷨ؼ滭ؼɷؼѧؼؼֵؼ䣬дһֺʫԸ⣬һŮӣòǧš
οԺգûôÿ
Ůӣ˭޵һλ๫
Ҫˣ๫ˣ϶ᱻ
ȻͺμλСˡ
ҹݺȻԼɣѵϲȻѧõģʵҲ̫ˡ
ƳҹݺһֻۣĴֱ㶮ʲô
ҹݺյ˵Ҵֱԣ
˰һۣʵ˵˵ʲô٣廨赸Щ㵫һԺҲ˵ֱˡ
ҹݺ޷˵ȻôϲǬ޸ˣǿ״Ԫǰ;ǴȨҪܼ޸պƿңγ²ɣ
ϸ˼֮ҡͷ
һλľţһλľķҹһλľСӾ壬ǼңûһƲ磬ûƿء
ߵ־ͷ۷
;ʱŵٴ³һдֵֽƷŻá
˳Ӻ˻
һӰԺ߳ŵǣ֣оȶǱˣʵôûл
˵˵ˡ
ŵпһۣȷ˵Ļ
ʱޣֻôһϳ
ʻſڣѲξǽˡ
˸Ŀһۣͬʱһתͷȥ
¬ʢ߹Ҫŵ˵飬һĻ鲻ɵһ
º״ԪˣƺͰ
һۣʶʲô̻Цݣǣ˵֣˵˽Ư
յ˶ߣѹ˵Ҫһ棬˿Ц
춼ˣҪЦ
Ů˵ȷеԼίĿҪ޳˻ǿмһЦ˵ǰøƯһЩ


190 
Ѳι¿ƽʿǣڽμܽ԰ٰ硣
һ˵ⳡᣬΪǿƾٵβʽ
ҲζһƾʽʡݸʿسΪǷʵְλ
˸ŵصңһ·֮ϣ֣΢ЦźͰմкű׽ûҪס
ո̤ţ˾Ȼ˦˸Ե֣һԴתͬķ
һ̣Ǿ¸֪ʲôֱٴ쵽һ
ʥּ߽˵״ԪɣǷ˵ھʥּ˽ּɡ
ھǻʵ۸ԱȨӵ
еĹٻȨ˶ܵõھֻмٲֵŮӣܻ١
ھȻûʵȨȴŮӵ֪ٴԹ֮֮á
μ๫Ҳھޱɬʱͱͱ˵˽㣬ּ
˻عʶμˡ
ֱӴ¬ʢнӹʥּһҲɵ¬ʢ
˭ôּģ
ջû˵ʲô֮Ůˣ磬£ׯ̬£֥طƷھա
Լһβʣ֮վԭصȴ
ʲôҲûеȵ
ٴδ˴ˣС˵˵л¶䡣
æŶŶл¶䡣
¬ʢ˿һС˫һϵẓ́˵ھ˵Ĺڷжʧ𣬲ƣ״Ԫɼʱ񲿸
ŵӹھڷ˵ͷ
ھڷͷؼ·ϼ϶ģϵ׺Ÿ
ʵھˣҲȨ֮ˡ
ֻͬȨ󣬾λԼ̳Уھ˵ȨֻԼС
¬ʢŵ˹֣תȥ
뿪ʱﻹֹ״Ԫͨƣ״ԪˣҲǳңôǸմɽҰѾͷһһƶ
ŵھڷ߽һСԺڲ廨
ƿĻ֦ѡã岼֣ɫʴŵоõܺá
廨һͨһЩϸڣԸ֪廨߲廨ʱ顣
ߵǰ˵ھ˵Ժϲ
μ˻޼֦ϸڣԵһɡ
˴ŵ߹ڷ˵԰ɣǳһҲƣҲһġ
һۣھֲ㣬ʲôԣ
˻صһۣԣҰ
˵꣬һܽμҲû
ŵ֣ͬ˫̥ãΪľĹϵӶˣĽҪݵĶࡣ
Ľ·ԸԲȴ
һ˾ͻھ˳
ò˵͢ھƵƯׯصͬʱܺܺõչֳŮӵ̬˴ŵ֪ʲôˡ
ˣȻϲҲòϣе㡭кܶɫġ
ھȹת˼Ȧϲ·Ŀŵʵɲٸһ
ˣҡͷԡ
ھڷֻһףƻˣҪžɵģȥ񲿸µģµģɵĻᱻ١
ĬĬٴζһۡ
ôƯʵҲôǿôʲôûһ
һУȷʵ˸е档
ɽûЩģУУûôÿ·Ҳûô顣
ھ־ϵ·ƺÿ
ߵߣ˵Ҵһ·£ҵĸ㴩
㱻Цˡ
ǺԼΪʲô
㣬Ҿ͸㴩
㡣
һǬĽ㣬ԭء
ǣа
Ůˣûһԭ
˵ȥˣҲ÷ڣֻú߽䣬ѵԼĳ
˽ھʵ㲻𣿡
˰֣˵Ҵϡ
˿˿ؿڣٿˡ
ƯԵЩɣؿڿտյģ˲ƯһĵĻԼܴġ
˵ٽһ㣬ܰ·𣿡
ܣ
ȻЩʧҲûо
ĺð
μˣŮˣôĺ˵ֻҪǣǾͻӦ
ɽ
ڷѩҹҲı
Ƭ̺˻·
ŵһۣڳ䶨ʵкöĻ˵Բʱ
ߵμߣ֣˵˽㣬ܽ԰ᣬһȥɣܽ԰ҹܲиԿ
ԶԶĿţֿʼˡ
μ˵ãһˣһһģеôס
ܿʶĸˣֻˡ

ɫδ
һͣܽ԰ſڡ
ΪҲһʼ԰֣ܽ԰аִᣬÿƾٽ֮¿ƽʿĵص㣬һҲѡܽ԰
ŵӰ
˶һۣȻвԸǻ֡
ӲϲֳϣŵȰΣԸ
һϲֵ˾͵ʲˡ
ϣ¿ƽʿǿԴŮģһ˵ЯŮ飬˵ѾЩԹ󣬾Ͳᶯǵ˼
ǹ磬£ͷһźš
δ飬
ȨǣԸĽʿüеŮǰӴ˱˴˿Уܿͻٳһ׮µԵ
һȨڳжһ¿ƽʿƾһ̨׵õһǵĹְպĹҲӳͨ
ŵߵܽ԰ſڣûгʾſڸĹԱЦſڣ״Ԫɣ롭
ܽ԰Ĵɻֺ꣬һ߽ȥʱӰһ
Ϊ֮ˣһλӢ꣬꿴ʮ겻һˡ
֡
΢΢ͷĿŵɨݵͣһ˲ȥ
һѵ£Сǰ̨ס
ͬʱ˵ĽŲȻһ١
תͷʵôˣ
ĿǰʵǸ˭
ôˡ
˿ǼӰԶȥҡҡͷ˵ûʲô߰ɡ


191 Ļָʹ
ϣ¿ƽʿǾԵǡ
⣬һЩԹҲ롣
ǲܽЩ½ʿΪҲɽ£Ӫ
֮ǰϣ¶֣һĽʿ⼸º¶棬һ̣ɼĻӴ͡
µļǹһ֮˵ЩȰĻգ˾ٱͬ˳ｻ¿ƽʿ
ÿһ¿ƽʿȻԲͬĵطͬʿ֮䣬Ȼһꡣ
ͬʿڹٳ໥໥֣ڳǺܳ顣
ⳡᣬʵҲ໥Ϥ
ŵԣһλʵӶƱЦ˵´ޭZ״Ԫһ
ŵǵǿƾٵڶԷǵƾ״Ԫ
Ʊһڣͷʾ⣬ǻʶˡ
ء
ǫ
֣尡
̴ޭZ֮м˶žƱеĽʿĬϰտƾһλһλǰ
տƾٴͳϣҪ״Ԫɲġ
һ״Ԫɣȴû˸ôɡ
״Ԫ˵ƾ״Ԫһӵҫ
ԣ״ԪֵóƵݡ
׼Ͳˣ֮ӣǳдԱҲüɵ֡
Щ¿ƽʿ⼸շޡ
˽ҹҪԲпʵ
ƾ״ԪҲίƷְ
ʿʮ֮󣬱ֻаƷˣʮֻ֮ξƷǴСĹְ
еĴ󲿷ˣһƷż
Ʒ٣ץץ
ʮأò׸нʿڲܵĹٳʮ֪꣬ټյĽ֣Ǵеһԩꡣ
òܺʹ֮ͬʿȻҪӡ󣬲Ϊպ֣飬ܿ΢ϣһ·
Զֲ֣ǵӵŵӰЩӡ
û뵽ȻǴĶӡ
һ뵽ǵεҸطȥ
Ȼֲ֣ĽӴ࣬ĸףƺһ
뵽ֲ֣ҲƱ˹ȥ
ŵ¿ƽʿпֲ֣״ԪҲļֹͣ˾ƣŵֻǳǳһ£ֵʱŵһЦݣоһ
ȺɢĲʱ߹˵ҵþһ֣ҿ϶нʿҸˣ⡭
ûеһ£ȻֵܷܿϽʿŵЩġ
벻ͻҲû̫Ϻȡ
ʵϣƺֿңĿƣڼϡ
ǼףƣƣƣȻǼϡ
ռݵȨؼߣһЩɵĽǰʮ
ŵЦлңܿУԼŬ
ܿУԼû̫ϵ
֣ᾫɷɷûȫԣƾͲõңпܺһڿƾٵһơ
ܿϣҲ˼λѧ̩ƵԵʡ
ƺֿƣȫλ㡣
£ò˼顣
Բһ˵֮Աǣȴòš
˵Ժܵࡣ
ĳɼֻܴӾƷС𣬸׵״Ԫ𲽾ƷҲֻƷļݲУԺٰܹƷΪһ
֪ʲôѾһˡ
ŵڴЩģߵ档
ҹܽ԰˲٣¿ƽʿ֮⣬˲ܽ˵ǻڵȴ԰档
Ȼϣܽ԰ƻͨ
ÿһξ룬ͰڷһųйϹ㣬ˮƷ߿ȡãֽڣ赸ӼȽĿɹ͡
ŵһ۾Ϳˡ
վһԣϵÿһָ㣬˶Ҫһ
վĿЩΡ
Ƴŵ߳Ŀ΢΢һ󣬸һơ
ŵߵ԰ںĳŵ߹ͷѾʼĴˣǣŵ֣һСϣ˵ȥκ
ͣСμĿǿԼ˴κںϹܽ԰ĵƻҲһ¡
См䣬һССĴա
˽룬˴գŵҲק˽ȥ
С沼õĺܾϵƻͨƹӴսʵĿ˼ա
һЩСɢƮںϡ
ϲûʲô磬µˮ棬ȴһȦȦĲơ
˿˵˦ˡ
ݵĳĬŵһۣ˵ϴǸ⣬㻹ûлشأ
ŵ¶ͻˣҪش𣿡
һȻ㲻ȢңȥҸʣջʥּ
ŵûлش𣬶ж˻Ӧ
۾ݵĴ֮һ˿ЦݣȾĿҲϡ
󸸻ջسʲôģȻƭġ
ջسĻͲˡ
ã֡
ŵšһ£Ļ˵аտ״ԪҲңҵôá
ŵҲûң״Ԫһͻ鰡
ƳƳ죬˵㻹ôãƾѣһᶼˡ
֪Ҫ֮ŵҲ̰ġ
һʼֻţһ˴మˣȹһѾҸˡ
뷨һССı仯
˴మˣȹһǾͺҸˡ
ʧȥӣҲ
ĻûϣŹģȻҲһˡ
ŵ§ЦΪҲӼ޸˰ȻҪȫԸˡ
һӡɫ죬ҲĸһЩ
ȻйӣһΣǰһ
ŵĲӣٴα۾
û˵촽һСȻ顱һһζ
۾Ϊͱײˡ
һ˫ƿյĽվ棬˵ǻôң

ỹûнŵǾ뿪ܽ԰
˹ֻǴͻ飬ϵȻסҡ
Ӧûθˣŵһȥ
ʱŵЩ֪˵ʲô
ڳϣһ·ԹĿ⿴¡
Ŀ⣬ʲôΪٻᷢӵĸһ
θſͣ£ߵԺſڵʱ˺Ȼ˵֪ϴδɱĻʹ˭ˡ
ŵŲһ٣Ŀ


192 ίιְ
ŵôɱ
ϴΣ˹ڳȥ飬Ȼλľ֣ŵһȫһ˲ľʵɡ
Ǵεİһɱַơ
Ҳ˵Ӷɽɷģ裬ŹȻɱģпͬһˡ
ǵͬʱڵ㣬ſڷģҲ
ŵˣʵȷ𣿡
˵Ǹǻҿɲǡ
ŵʵ𣿡
ŵԼʶȥ
Զ׼ڸ˴Ǳϡ
ģֺֹһ
ڹȻ֮ǰŵѾˡ
ΧһƬͣʵ򲽲Σ
ŵ΢΢ͷ˵֪ˣ飬֪УҪκˡ
ʵΪʲô㲻ȥ𣿡
ŵҡҡͷ˵û֤ݣҲá
Ǽӡ
ֻҪԶֱץУ˵û֤ˣ֤ݣҲû취ô
һƷץģֻе¡
˵Ҿ֤ݰҿԸ֤
ŵ˰֣˵ûõģֻҲΣյľأҶɱο㣿
ľȻˣһ־ǰλǵʵ
΢΢һ㶣Ȼʵڵ𣿡
ŵ߽Ժӣ˵˯ɡ
˿ıӰϸֳһ˿Цݡ
ŵΪӻμˣ߽֮󣬲ŷڡ
˴߽ŵʵ㻹£
˵û°ϴǸ⣬㻹ûشأôɱλľģ
ŵ룬˵һĹƽʱûؼʱ̣ӵһ˲ľΪֻʹһ֮Ҫܳʱָ
˳Ծôֹ
ֻ֪һЩĹȷʵ̽鲻ĴڣΪȴʵġ
ֹδš
ŵ֮治УľĹУʲôֵģ
֮ŵߵſڣܼѾȥˡ
һˣܴθ߻ңֻֻص䡣
Ӹǽʵ㲻ȥ𣿡
ŵˣٻȥ
˵ҵһӰɡ
ŵôˣ㲻˯˻˯ء
룬˵ҲУһɡ
ŵ̫ˣ塣
дһʫ˰ɣ
ûС

ŵɣ˫̥֮䣬ǲʲôغ㶨ɣ˵Ļﲹˡ
һҹΣڶһ磬ʱԺſˡ
ŵҪæ߽˵ԺӣҲ˽ȥ
ƾѾҪ̲Ҫš
˵֮ҡҡͷ˵飬ҲΪ
ŵΪΣ
˵չÿƾǰʮʡֱΪ¿״Ԫ볯͢ƷĹְֻ̲λԱƷȱλǨǱذ⣬ǲְ̲ġ
ŵԭΪһλеƷķΧڣ뵱ʲôپ͵ʲô١
δϵи״Ԫ鷳ˡ
ܿ˵Ҳõģÿƾǰʮְ뿪ʡʲôϢһһʱġ
ŵ̲٣Ȼġ
Ȼ̲ҲӰ鰸ץˡ
ȿ͢ôš
߳䣬ǰʵˣ쵽ˣҪʲô
ߵſڵŵͷһۡ
˵쵽ˣ˵ӵҲ쵽ˣ
ɻһˣ֪ӵա
θܼʵүؼ𣿡
ŵ룬˵ȥһ˴
˿̣θ֮ڣҡҡͷ˵ʲôﶼҪ
ֿڵϷ˸ѡ˼λῡܣҲò˫ȫҪҪһ
ò˫ȫʵ֮ǰѡ๫úÿܿ״Ԫ𣿡
ܱһ֪ͣ˵ʲôˡ
νĲò˫ȫֻǱͨ˶ԡ
нʿģһ⣬ȫ˽е˽ܡ
¿״ԪҪټһ˽ܡ
״ԪпƾҲͳλԺҲˡ
Ƭ̺߳Ժӣ̾˿
˻Ǻ鰡
ʱ
ʶŵˣŵУ˵үڲڸУӿҪһ
ŵʵڲڣ
ڵģӺٳţҴӹȥ
ܿ죬ŵͱһǰ
ŵ߽˵ܴ󣬵󲿷ֶռˣ˸ֻأһЩС͵Ļޣ֮⣬ŵ˸ߴɵĻؾˡ
ڻض֪æЩʲô
ͷ˿Ȼ
ոտڣʶһ飬ʵӦýܡǽø
ŵϲɡ
ʴ򽻵࣬Ϊ׺ʹĹϵ֮䣬һֶԷ˵ĸо
ϴܽţҲǺܴæ
˵ֲ˼ʰæġ
ŵһСء
˵أһʵʲôأ
ŵ֮ʵ˵ͷ˵һ⣬ѶȲɣȡˡ
ŵҪģʵҲʲôӵĶ
ӵտҪˣһر
ϲ֣廨滭Щŵ룬һֺС
ֻǼ򵥵ֺ֪еԭԼģⷽ棬רҵģŵֻ룬ʾ֪Ӧôˡ
صŵʰһ£μҡ
̫ˣȻϲֵ̫ĳϣ̫Ļŵġ
ʱȥգŵȥȣߵθſʱˡ
ܿڵոʡ·گ鵽ίΣѾˡ
ϾԼĵһݹְŵͦںģʵʲôְ
ܿڵԱɡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵԱɲǶ𣿡
ܽ͵Ѿ̫ةԱ֮λȱƾѣ㲹ȥ
꣬϶ٳŵֱʵίΣ𣿡
֪ܲô˵
ίΣ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ
ʡǳ͢ĺĲţ¿ƽʿְֱá
Щ⣬Ϊ֮ףְȨԶԶûͻȨ󣬵鲻١
͢ÿеĸֵһ붼ҪɺûйͣǬĲҪеΡ
ɺλãֱӲԱɣɵ࣬ȴ漰ĺġ
¿״ԪԱɣãʵá
ЩˣҲĶҪְ
ƾѣǿƿƾѣ˵κιְʤΡ
˴οƾٵĵڶ͵Ȼְ˰뼶ȴ˫˫ʡǲĳ͢ࡣ
ŵû˵Ѿʶʲô΢ЦԱɾԱɰɣְûйΪ͢£ֻǷֹͬﶼһ


193 ľƽ֮
һݹְԱɣŵʼδġ
û뵽״Ԫʧȥѡְɡ
ⲻ
ûʲôĻټ֮ڣǲõģҲôеȥ̲
һ˵ҲǷ
зҲӰС
ȥһ˴˿ӵôˡ
ʲīţŵֻǼҪĸֺеԭͽˡ
֣һ˾ܸ㶨ֲ֣Ҫŵ롣
һʱֺʺ˶һЩϸڣŻصθ
θһƬϲķΧ
ƷԱɣδƷ̫ة
̫Ǿ֮һؼؼ֮£̫һˣˣةˡ
̫ة̫µĵλҪԱ񲿵ĵλߵĶࡣ
ڶ죬͢ί״Ҳ͵
˵ŵԱɣ֮ǰҪǰΡ
ŵǲżΣʽ֮󣬾Ҫһÿϰ࣬ʮһ죬ػǰ״̬
µϾʱ䡣
мӵգø֮ǰ׼á
ļ죬ŵ춼ȥ
ʵһʼĶˡ
ŵʱ䣬;ЩڳĻϣ˽һĸĽ
Ӵŵȥһ
ӵѲ࣬һûôȥθ
ŵڼҵʱ򣬾ֻĽˡ
˵Ҳɣμҵ˫̥Ľճӣ׽ˣͽãúúã˴˻š
Ƭ̺¥ŵ˿ڲ裬ʷ˵æ𣬶ȥθˡ
һ޼֦һ˵飬ҹݺԧ죬¾ȥθ˹᲻ģԾûȥˡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵΪʲô᲻ģ
̾˿˵ÿȥθ˹Ҷ䵭ӦǲϲҰɣϾ֮ǰҺ͹ӵҥԴô϶Ҳ᲻ġ
ŵòΪӽͣ˵ˣǲϲ㣬䵭йԭ򡣡
Ҳַ˻ᡣ
֪֮ǰŵεһɹ
Էˡ
ƽȵĶ䵭
ŵ˵֮󣬷¶㵣ŵʲô˹еľʲô˼ôȻԵĹ
ŵʹӣľСʱһŮӽġ
Ǽ꣬ŮÿθһΣС
ֱʮԺҲûгֹ
ŮӵݣѲ¡
Ȼǲ뽫Ů޸ĸˡ
ŵǣһŮӣûйô֪ľģ
ŵɻľ
˴лع˿ڲˮȻ˵ǰϷ˵ľһĶķ츳ԽߵˣľԽ󣬵˹һȱݣǾйУ뱣֮壬ܳɻ飬ңд˷Ĺʱˣʧȥ˵
μദľ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵ѹ֡
ʶĳ飬ŵ૵ǡǴô죬ܲܵȵͻƵɣ
ŵɻʲô
˽͵ľ֮ƣΪڵͻƵ֮󣬱ܹ֮֮ǰƣȻҲˡ
ŵʵЩҲϷ˵ģ
΢΢ü˵ϷΪıշתʶһЩҲܺ
ŵڴʵϷû˵ҪƽľͻƵûʲôİ취
룬˵ҲУַֻͻƵҪѣÿһֹռõ徭ͬľͲбĹܴһŹľռõľȫͬͿתС
ŵû뵽һ󣬾Ȼջ
ƽ֮Ȼѡ
ѣҲܱûа취á
ӵԼһꡣ
һ֮ڣûн취
վŵĽǶȣȻϣӷ롣
ҪôӾͻƣҪôҵľĹֻҪ˷ʣµģֻŬȥ
ȴһ׮£ŵˣ˵ллˣҴæ
һЦ˵Ӳÿǵæܰﵽ㣬ūҲܿģպʲôҪūҰæĵطӾܿڡ
ŵ˼мҪææĻϣȥμˣϾ֮⣬ûʲôˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ū֪ˡ
Ŀŵ뿪̾˿Ľ˵Ǿιһλô๫
ҹݺҲ̾һЩź˵ﶼãϧܴ򰡡
˱ӵĿһۣ˵ֱɵ㶮ʲôǵģŹýģҪ๫һᱣһͷ


194 
θ
ӺĽˣŵһԺĳһ̣ſ˵ˣ¡
һӰɹԺǽ
Ƴһۣʵ
ŵ룬ʵǸʲôˣ
ȻδĸˣԶɽȴӰŵ
걧ˣ̼ľ֮ĹϵҲ
ŵ˵ĸף˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬Сʲô
ŵûʲô棬ʡ
ĳЩͷ֣˵ɫ΢΢Щ԰ס
֪ôش
м͸
ÿ첻͵𴲣飬ֱڡ
ʲôʱ𴲣ʲôʱԷʲôʱ˯ﶼϸĹ涨
緹ֻܵҪŶ˯
ԣС˲ͷϰߡ
ÿһ飬Ҫõͬ⡣
һκ棬ͻܵ𷣡
ԣĽμӵеһС
ʲôһ׽ãΪʲôӵм˵İӵôõ๫ҪһڼĿຮ֮ĥ
ŵ֪ΪʲôҪֿˡ
ǿƵŮˣҲûʲô
ôǿĿûмܵˡ
ŵߴʮ꣬ʲôĸܡ
һ룬ŵƺһˡ
߽䣬ٳ˵ϴβ˵ҵûʲô飬Ҹ㵯װɡ
Ƭ̺
ԺǧϣƵĻţöЩ˵飬𽥵ı滺ƽ
ŵ¶ЦݣȻ˿
οΣֵһ󷽱֮
Ӻ˵գ¶ʮš
մĵϰףֻʮ֮󣬲ܴ磬ʮ֮ǰֻܳΪ
˵͸ˡ
һЩҪʱ̣ŮӼǣӼӹڣһЩСʽһһ볤棬
ʱڣ䲻ȣŵһ԰
԰ҲǳĻʼ԰֡
ͬܽ԰԰⿪ţֻʼ档
ŵҲǰʼˣټ˽԰Ǻ׵顣
԰ڣŵڲݵϣĽŷһֻݣ˺ںĵͤд߹ŵߣһѣι
˿ˣԶŵһߣͲ˼ٿŵˡ
ŵۺĵķ򣬾ʱˡ
ժһƬҶߴ
˼ŵҶҲܴôԼҲժһƬҶӣѧӣȴ
ĽҶһߣŵࡣ
ĵСͤμ˵˺þˣȥ߰ɡ
μ˵ͷźϵȣߵߣŵڴ߹վڲݵϣš
μûע⵽ѾĬĬ˿
ĳһ̣ŵҶУȻһЩ
μ˽µĲݵϣȻһƬɫĻ䡣
Щ佫ΧһɢƢ㡣
תԶĳ¥˻֡
ҹݺŹһʸ˲ϵһأĻ£μ˱һƬ֮С
֪ƻͷˣֻĽĿһĻ
һãȻ
ĺúõģǸʲô
ʱĽһܹһĵľнŵ
ŵľУߵμߣҹݺԶԶһһ£ŵ΢Ц˵ף֡
ľС
ľοյģྫĻƣǬ
֮һӺд˳ŵղŴ
ССľУǾסСԺ˳԰ʯСͤһŮԺеǧϣİڶ
ǧϵŮӣֻߣȴһ㣬磬ϸȥᷢݣμһģһٲȻһС˵
ŵֺеݸ˵͸ӵ
˿ǸģԼĺӣȻֿ˿ŵμˣһ͡
첻԰
ġ
Ǹʲô
ôû˸һ
μ˽ӹֺУϸֳһ˿Ц⣬˵лл๫
Ϊһ̣ŵ˺ܶ׼
ҹϹ˺ҹݺæҪԤԼ԰ǰϻ֣ú콵Ļء
ôĳŮӣ˵жᣬҲӦеķӦ
ȴֻһЦݣһл
ȻŵôһССʧ䣬Ҳ֪ⲻܹӡ
ľһҪй⣬ĺһ
˻ˡ
ܱĺ߷һǸжá
ֺȻûжٸӵĿƼʱǺܳǰĶ
ĽΧߣһ򿪾ͻԼֵĺӣľ档
ĳ˳ŵ䣬˵ҲҪ
ŵӦҲһӵգҲܶµûгԴס
֮󣬼԰һ硣
ŵμҴģ˺ҹݺǵճ޲ѣ̰ԵˣԷʱһ仰û˵ҲûгԼڡ
صθһƲֵĻص˷䡣
ϣ
˶ףμ˵
죬Ҳ
ûΪף
ʱ⴫
˴ţŵһۣʵʲô£
ŵһһģһĺӵݸ˵֡
Ľ㹻ĺ˫̥ദľ顣
ֺͬУʰҹһ
˺ӵͬһ죬ֻӣһʧ䡣
ȻûӵĻ꣬Ҳûвݵ˺ܶʽһģһġ
˴ĽӹֺУ֮󣬺ܿϤ
ľ֮ڣҲһСԺӣһǧŮӡ
ĺӣ͸μ˵һģһ
ıһᣬˮŴŵĹ䡣
ŵԭأʵôˣϲ𣿡
˱ֺУ˽ŵж˵أҵһյлл


195 õ
Ƭ̺ŵ˵ԺӳǰһƬۡ
û콵꣬Ҳûвݵֻһľӣ͸жûʲôö
ҲڴӵķӦ
ΪǸľӦҲôжɣ
ŵЩƣصԼķ䣬ϰһ
ƾѾйյ飬ûٿıҪǰģһЩѧ伮
ΪԼû츳֮ǰŵû˽
ΪӣΪӭҸʱ˽һЩˡ
֮ͬĳ
չô꣬й廨ţÿһֶ֮
и͵ģģбģгȵģеĹ׷仯еĹ׷һʮᡣ
ǰѡʲô·ߣ޵󣬶;ͬ顣
˵֮󣬾Ͷ֮䣬֮ڵڣҲʧȥ塣
ǵľҪȵóΪʦ
ӵľʦһ;ķˮ룬ʦͻƵѡ
һ츳ǲģҪгԡ
޵˵ľͲپһֻ߼ʽҪ㷺Ըѧȡ侫ȥɣټ֮Լ
һҰ·ߵʦ֮·׶
ѧľ裬ǲ֮أ˺ѽӴҲǿŵ伮ġ
ֻЩţΪ̹ǿ㹻࣬ԴԴϵʦ
ŵץ㹻ǿߣܵõǱȻޱĴӣӿӵС
ܵʦģҲкܳһ·Ҫߡ
˵ĵڶƽ֮ǰľ·ߣһµĹȡľ
ַȻӵΪûҪ󣬵Ѷʵ
ķĻϣһµʽɳʦ
ķǵеı¡
涨·ߣϿ´ķҪ߾ʥΪ
ų
ӳΪʦ˵
ʱ򣬾ΪҲʦǾһӶﲻľ磬Ҳ̫Ҳˡ
μ߹ŵȻڿ伮ϸֳһ˿֮ɫ
վŵԣЩɻʵ㿴Щʲô
ŵ֣ԼϣЦ˵˽˽Դһźľ·ͬķͺˡ
Ȼŵ仰˵ĺᣬμȴһЩĶ
ô󲿷ʱ䶼ֹˮҲһ˿
ŵеıɽƺڻ
һ̣ŵ촽ϣʹһ˿ĴС
һǽ֮ĵط
˻ﱧŵ͸ƲƲ죬ﰵֹԴһźľ·ͬķһķô׵Ļɵʦǣͽľȱˡ
ǽ˵ʲô
Ǳߺܾöûˡ
ϸֳɻ֮ɫǸʲôأôȻ䲻˵ˣ

ڶһ磬ŵӴʱʶ촽
ͬӵǣƣһ
ǵԸͬŵԴǣҲ
ʱŵ֣һֱʵķϡ
Ļ־ͲһˣϧϴڴϵĴûᣬƻˣ֮ҲûµĻᡣ
ϴ߳䡣
Ժ޽ģҪͻƵһ磬ֻ彣ǲеģҪѧϰҵĽ
ʯ֮ϣһؼ
ŵǰⱾķϣдšɽ
ɽ֣ɽɷ
ˣǴξЩˡ
֪ɽɷɽûʲôϵ
ŵַ˷Ȿ伮Բ廭ʽչʾġ
ɽʮʽԹΪأֻһǰǰɽɵĴʦ
ŵϿйɵĽܡ
ǰɽҲеĳһɣ۷ʱڣ֮ڣλʦ
ֻ䣬ɽҲûгֹţû䣬ջԻ͡
ûˣɽɣʦ϶еĶ
ⱾؼϵĽУŵһϤĸо
˵ϤֲرϤʵģץס
ָоŵǵһС
Ŀ⣬򷨵ϣɱλ̿ͻ
̿ͣɽɷĵڰˡ
һѵɽʲôϵ
˵ĻһֱڱŵԵ״̬
еľߣ츳϶ܵϿɵģߵ츳ŵ岻
˷һǵĻֻӵǵ򣬲ӵǵΪ
ŵûãһΪĻľһ𣬶ֻôһ˲Լ۱ȼͣ򲻵ѣ϶ỻ
ڣŵƺҵô
һǴ̿͵Ļ񱻵
ٿⱾɽʱʵϤͱԴϤ
ŵĿԺӡ
ղͦá
ٿ
ֱȫ
Ȼⲻܹӡ
ɽľ裬ܱʮҳСӻɽɾͲǶɡ
ԽǶ似̺ı仯Խ࣬ҪǰָŲ;Щ裬ֻɽɵĺĵӲܽӴ
ƾһףɽͲǵľΪ
μһɽʯϢ
ŵ˪˵ӣʾһɽ㿴
μĿ¶һ˿㵡
ΪԼˡ
˴ӸԺӷɹҲ뿴ŵôʾɽ
ûУõȽ
ŵŽߵԺм䡣
۾еĽ·Ϊһ塣
ٴ۾ʱ˵ƣѾȫȻͬ
ˣ·ΪһĽ
е˪ֽнʩչ纮ӵأŭգȻûһĲУ·е
ûʹġ
ǽţûжʮϵĿ๦Ҳܽһ׽ô
μĿһĻ
๫ɽɽֱһϣһ¡
ڵµ
ٺͻҲͰˣҲ
һʱ䣬УһָԵľѹƲס
׽ûʹ꣬ŵЩ֧ؿֹͣʾʯϢ
𾪵Ŀŵʵʲôʱѧɽ
ŵҲ˵̫ţ˵ǰʱɣڼ˵Ͽģе˼û˾ͷһ
˶ɵˡ
ɽȻֻɽڽϿŲСѶȲ彣֮¡
彣ʮˣҲûŵɽ
ңû˽ֻ̣㷭˷־硣
Եܱ


196 
˻Ǻš
ɽȻⱾϣֻĽУ׾򵽡
ȫⱾҲֻͽΣûʲô
ֶ侫ڽ֮ľ仯ɵľܣֻɽɵĺĵӲܽӴǲдģҲд
ŵȻɽɵĺĵӡ
ǣͣҲܽô졣
ղʾǼУʽᣬѾ߱ϣʮĹ
ڽС츳Ҫʮ̶ֳ꣬ȡ
ǵԵĽţҲҪʮꡣ
ǰһĽ콾ʱҲꡣ
һꡣ
һ㷭
֪Ӧôˡ
ʷϣûгֹôߵš
ԼϤŵиԡ
ΪľԵʣμ˵ûô
ŵ˲ٺ̧֣ȥŵͷϵĺˮ
˵Ƥ̲ס죬ʵѾеʵŵôֿ֮ʼƽˡ
Ҫ޵߾磬ϢϢء
һ츳
ԡ
ƳġŬ츳ǰֵһᡣ
츳μһһգֵϱʮգһֵʮ꣬κŬ޷ĨƽĲࡣ
Ծŵ㣬Ҫʮܴﵽĳ̶ȣֻҪ㷭
ľʦ֮ƿ˵ͬ衣
ֻϧû츳
ԣû츳޷̤֮·
츳а˵ҲԶԶȲϵ츳
ԣ츳ʦֵ
ʦ˭۸
ֻҪٻͺˣᱣһͷ
˵ֳ°ͣѾĳֻ롣
ֻŻͺˣĽԲְֵĽ๫ɵǲŻԣ޶ģЩʦʦǣĽ
ŵڿ˷÷ץ߶ô󣬵ӣɾͲһˣսʦǾԲ
뵽ŵ;û˸ɾ
𽣣˵ʾһ飬濴
ŵһʼԼʾģǾʾְֵḶ̌Žӵ֣Ըһ飬϶
ڻ룬ĿⲻһƲȻһ͡
ֻŵμ壬һ⣬ӡ⣬ղŻеĻ档
Ĳӡ
ǧĽš
ѡ๫ʲôΪʲôΪʲôҪô
עòΪʲôҪѡǷݻ飿
һ˲䣬ѪӿھҲ˲
ؿڣֻһʹͷҲ۵ǰһڣһת
μˣǸܵʲôȻתĳ
ŵҲתͷȥɫǺ죬ֱͦͦĵȥҲ˲ýˣɿܹȥˣˣôˣѡ
Ƭ̺θ
һͷ׵Ůҽջشϵָ
Ϸ˽ʵôˣ
Ůҽ΢΢һЦ˵Ϸ˲صģСֻǼģһһ裬ǵÿղǰãҩֻα꣬θҪΣҪ򣬴Դͷ
λŮҽ뿪֮Ϸ˵֣ʵˣʲô飬ôĸĸ
ڴϣʵ𣿡
ϷŹȣ˵ȻģĸҲʰ
ҧ˵๫๫ң
Ϸϵıһͣῡô࣬ĸѡһõģ
ޱʹڴϹȥ˵״ԪҲôߣ˭ãҲѡ๫ҾҪֻҪ
Ƭ̺Ϸ߳䣬ε̾˿
๫ֻһȴ
ܲĽСʱһһһɣ
ҵ꣬ôҲһ˫̥أ
ǸŮ˴ߵǼˣҲûڵ顣
Ҳߣ޽θͲӦôӦ
µ

ŵվԺſڣλ뿪ܼҵľߣҲᱻ𣿡
ܼ˵ôأľҲ已̥ϲһ㲻λǺõģһʧأҴܣ߻ħˣ٣Ϊȫʧ
ŵľѾǺĴˡ
û뵽ľˣ߱ڣշж£Ȼô
ܼ˵ôأΪ˵룬ÿǿǣҪҪӰˡ
۲ΪǣӦþͻˡ
ŵ߻ط䣬ǰĿЩʧ
ŵ߹ȥתͷŵ๫
ŵ£ʵôˣ
μʵǡǲǶԲˣǲˣ
ŵ֣˵Ҫ룬ûд
ӵˣҲѡģʲô
վ˵ĽǶȣҲδ֮У
ֻ˵컯Ūˡ
θ˻гԲĹܴ̼ŵ˵ҪǰҰɣ
μ˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ
ӱܵϲӱܡ
ʱ˵ķ֮ڡ
һҩ裬üͷһ𣺡ÿడ
̽Լˮݹ˵ʦ㣬ȵˮͲˣСʱôҩġ
˽һˮһĿζűѹһЩ
Щڴϣͷ૵Ľߣô죿
˵Ͳ⡣
˼һȻ˵ܼ򵥰һһͺˣǰġ


197 ĸ
Ӳ뿪ŵҲû˵ʲô
Ҫģӵ⡣
飬ﲻֻҪֽȣ˵治ʲô¡
ֻҪͣץ־Ϳˡ
֮ϣһλľߵĻ
ķһУλ̿͡
ǲ֪ʲô·ȭģȷģƷؼָģġ
һֵַǹꪣṳ桭಻ͬϰҪҲͬ
ŵҪѰҵ㹻Ľ֡
֣
ܼҲĿŵʵүҽʲô
ŵ͵ҪΪʦҪӴ͵ĽЩֽ
ܼ룬˵֣п϶ģ޽٣ɣɽɣɽɣר޽ţоǽ֣Щɶйأܽɽĺľ贫ˡ
ԸԸ⴫Ҫ
ŵҪǵˡ
ܼ˵ЩɣͳҲԶĸǧ⣬̲ʹµҲ첻
ŵʵ˵ЩԶģûУ
ܼ°ϵĺ룬˵ҲУôŴ󻧣еĻн֣ʹ͢ҲһЩǿʹģūǵã˾Ҳмλˣˣժ¥ǿȨ˼ҵĻǴժ¥͵ġ
ܼ˵Щ˾Լ˲֣ʹ͢޷ȾָЩĻһܺõͻƿڣժ¥
ŵĥһʵժ¥ǳ𣿡
ܼҽ͵ժ¥һɣһպĽ֯ںܶҶзֲ
һֱŵûôעЩϵ顣
ϳ֮⣬һЩ֯ھ֣鱨֯ɱ֯ȡ
ժ¥һۺԵĽ֯֡
ѺͻӶѰϰֻǸٵ꾫ɷ򣬺ӳǽӣժ¥
Щ廧С֯ժ¥ߡ
ͨժ¥ɽ⣬ǻ
ǻﱻ٣Ǯ·ַǹ˿͵ԭʧܣժ¥ȫ˿⳥Ӧʧ
ˣȻǵļ۸м۸࣬ȻԸѡǡ
ܼ˵ժ¥ıֻҪ۸λ˵ľˣǵ徳ʦİʥ
ŵƣժ¥ĸ֣˼Ҳѹ׵ı½̸ӡ
ԼӣǵԼ̡
ܼһЩ飬ŵ˴߽
ȥЩûǽ
˿ŵһۣû˵ֱ߽䡣
ŵȥǷűˡ
ϣȴʲôû
һϣμ˶棬˵̸̸

Ҳ֪ô˵ģ֮֮䣬һЭ顣
ŵÿµӽӽ˫ӽ˽
¹˵Э飬ôˣȫŵ
ȻҲûʲô
һҲǽ̣Ҳǽ̣ҲһͻʦǳȥҲаȫС
˫գȹ·ĳŵ˵ھͿʼɡ
ŵһۣʵ塭
˵ģҵܺá
ŵҲ£ӹǰʾһɽȻ󽫽ݸ˵ԡ
ʾ˺ü飬ŵܾò˼
Žʾһϸڣ˵ע⼸ʽ֮νӣҪôӲ˶սһ
ʾ˼飬ûиơ
ŵֱҡͷ
˵һ;ȱʦ̵
û˽ֻ̣Լߴ·Ҳ֪
츳ˣҲܺܿһŲϤĽ
ŵǬֱ֣˵Ҵʾһ飬ĸܡ
ŵĻĵĸܡ
ܵԼ֣һ˫ְӵϢʦĸоȫͬ١˵ĸо
ѹμ˲ҪҲҪ๫
ŵſ֣˵һ顣
ٴʩչһ飬һΣ֮νӣȻˡ
ְֵĽ
ڶʾʱֻصԭ㡣
ŵüͷһ˵ղŲͦõôֻȥˡ
˿˵ǸղָоˣҪһ飿
Ȼ츳ܸߣȴܲ
ͬʽŵһ飬Ӿѧᡣ
ˣ飬ʱʮ顣
Ϊ˫̥ãǺܶطһΨϣԶ
ŵʡȥԼʱ䣬ԣҪʦ֪Ҫȵʲôʱȥ
θŵһһ飬䷳Ľʱ
ǧ⡣
ڡ
һΰĽɽ֮䣬ʱӰڸ֮մС
ĳ嶥Сͤ
һŮӣȻվһʯϣ˵ڳȥθҹˣ
Ůòȥʮҵӣü죬ˮӣֻĿⲢƣ͸һ˵ĺâ˲ֱӡ
һ£Ӳʯ֮ϣʱơ
һվͤУͷ˵ʦ壬θ֮۲£ûзʦõټ
Ůӳ˵θȥ
ҡҡͷ˵Ͳ֪ˣǶڱĵطʦô϶µʦһȥȻȥġ
Ůӻ³һ۾ò˵ֻȥˡ


198 Σ
ʱ£ƾٵನɢ
ĿҲ̤˷֮·
˼˽ʿǵķ⣬аģ꣬һҪŬΪһοƾ׼
ҲĻ䣬˽룬׼ı͡
¿ƽʿǣǴʱ
εڳΧģѾȲְЩ·;ңԶģҲε·ϡ
ȻſڲԶŵûмȥڼ̼˺˽
ӹˣ˫ӹˡ
ɱִõɽޱĴǡ
ŵܼһ飬ɽɷȻɽɵĵӡ
ԭаˣΪˣŷŹ棬ɽţרɱ֣ȾѪŵ鶼˲١
κһλ
˳ͬڣͬһ·սʱΪĬÿζһ֣һЩСɣһʦҲǵ֮С
οʦǿУʹɽɷڽиû˸ǡ
ɽɣҲ˵ŵ̸ǵģȷڵɽ
ֻеľΪɽĸ򣬿϶Ҳ޵ġ
ŵģѾڣֻҪڼϰͿˡ
ϵʱ񲿵һθ
ŵεģѯֵġ
ͬʱǻӵ֡
񲿻˵֣ѡһա
ȥ˳ףûдٴ죬´ͻʱҲᵽӣӭȢʱ򣬸Ҳһ
ǻʣӸĸ֮Ϊʵ۴ͻ顣
һٶʾ˶״ԪĶͣ˻ʼҵĸ֡
Ȼŵ֪ʵǰΪġ
ô£ӸͣԺõļİ⡣
ŵˡ
ֿ˿ѧ廨İ
ҺȢӲԺҲûаˡ
ܼҴ߽˵үǷ˵ļգٷˣûһңүһȥݷˡ
ĸףŵûκμġ
ֻܼ˵͸÷Сһ𳤴ŵºû꣬һزúͲˡ
ա
峿һͣǰ
ŵӰҲ
ȥĸףˣȻҪһȥġ
δˣԲȥ˵֮Ҫŵʹһˡ
ˣҪһ˭Ҳס
յҶµĻԼӦٷˣһȥĸףҲ˵ùȥ
һӰ߳
ŵǰ˵
˵ͷڵ¡
æ״˲ض񣬽Ұˡ
ĬĬվμӿֳꡣ
һ״ˣӦеġ
ǰɵĿڵ
˵ͷ˵ҲˣЩɺã
˵ллģܺá
ǺܺãǾ˵Ļ
˵һĴˣۼ֮ôû취˵Ĵϵ
һ˵߰ɡ
ϵĳŵİǼȥŷϻơ
ŵƿܼҵô𣿡
οҪǣʹôˣܾò̤ʵ
Ͼɱ˾Ѿˣټϸףúܶա
˵ܼңˣˣаѾ㹻ǿ󣬵ͳΣԣҲͬն
ܼҵүϣ̫˴ŷˣүİɣ˵ĹڳⲻԶ˾ѾһȥŲˡ
˾ĸڣŵȷĲ١
һ·ǰУԼĪһӵĹ򣬾һСɽ¡
ɽ·Уǽͣɽ£ɽ
ôã⻹ŵһγǡ
һʵĿʱĿ
һɽ·ϣŵЩķ֣УɽΪ
ŷϻƣڵɽʯ϶ƽء
ȻҲ޷ҵģΪŵ󾳽磬ҲõĶࡣ
ҪǷҵ徳ͺˡ
ʩԼϣɽŵɽֻҪ
ŵ˵Ҫұ㣿
ŵ֣˵ãҿԡ
ɽͷͰˣҪŮҲ̫ˡ
Ӻ󣬼ɽλá
һ·ϣеɽ·յľɽ⴦ƽ̨ʱǰȻȻʡ
վȥ۵ס
뵽ⲻԶһСɽϣȻôһѵ;֮ء
һӵĹ
վĹڵλãÿԸ÷⣬۵ס
Ĺ֮ϣֻм򵥵һ֡
֮Ĺ
վĹ֮ǰž޲ϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ŵĬĬĶ£ĹǰļӲݡ
μ˺ҲĬĬ߶£һ
վһԣ֪Լøʲô
ԶҰƯ߹ȥһҰķĹ֮ϡ
ŵһĹΧӲݺʯڷǰ㡣
վĹǰķĹϣ˵ŵѾҲ״ԪȥȢ˼ˣ»СͻԷˡ
μ˵֣ĬĬ˿һξ롣
ŵվĹǰȻûмĸףҲĲһЩ
׵ȻƽȴŶĸŨŨĸ顣
ŵ̧ͷдеɽվȺɽܸмûκڵ
ƺףУΪʲôվԺĳ
ŵűľǵɽкȻ
ΪԼĴ
һ̣ٴγ֡
֧ٶ̫죬ֱ࣬쵽μ˺Ӧ
ŵ壬ʶĵ˸ǰ
ڵķ֮ӿ
ҵĽֻ֧ٶ˲ͣ١
ŵõĽ򣬾ͱͻơ
֧ļ򴩹ࡣ
ŵĽٴչҲֻô˼ٴͣ١
μ̵ͣ٣Ѿ㹻ˡ
һֻݵ֣̽Ȼץס˴˼
ŷϻơ
ڴ˼ϵɢɽ۵ĳ۾˵ľ۷֡
˿̣վԶȴļλ˾֣аѾնɽӶȥ
˸ո׷ɣתͷһμ˺һʱŵߣת䷽򣬷ɿܹʵô
ŵλñһ䴩ڲͣѪ
μΧ˼£Ѫֹס
ŵץ֣Ȼ򴦴ҵʹУŵǿЦݣ˵İɣһСˡ
ͷһӰʵףû°ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵û£ˣȴŵɽ
ץŵ֣ʵû𣿡
û
ŵո˵֣Ȼһת
ͷ˿ĺѪŭһģж
䣡
ʱԶһ𣬺ȻըʯɽʮӰӵص׳֡
˾ŲΧеĵطû뵽Ȼ˲ڵصס
ܼɫһ䣬̵д̿ͣүү
λ˾ĸ֣Ѿ߿£
ŷϻƵĿ⣬ǰһӰ
ҲĿڣıȭԶɽʦʲôʱ߹
עŷϻƣ˵Ҳ㶯֣ɱǰǮ˸˫зı꣬ܵõΪȫΣ
ϻĿ⶯˶ƺ˼
ܼҴ󾪵ϻƣģ
λ˾ǿߣѾŸ˻ˡ
λʦ󵹸Ļλʦʮλľˣ춼Ҫ


199 
Ϊ˱˵İȫ˾ʮλľ
ʮλľ¶ԷλʦҲܶһ
˾ĸ֣һ룬λˣֻʣλ
ټϹǣҲھԵơ
ʦ꣬Ǿ·һˡ
˵עŷϻƵϡ
ϻƾݵ˼֮󣬱ҡҡͷ˵Ǯƣ֣ûкʦˣϣҹ񫡭
ʦɭһЦǾɣ
Ⱥˣɱһ
ûɱΪ֪λʦпĻᡣ
£˵Ӱͬʱʧ
λʦʹöȭ纣ÿһȭײᷢһƵ֮ɳʯ涼˵ѷ졣
ЩˣŵΧ˹
μ˿˵๫
Ϊɽ죬δ
Ҳûд
ΪΣŵӻС
Уһƾۡ
δֻػǵߡ
һλʦĵľɱ֣ʮλ
˾λǿߣܹӭսĵľֻаλٳȥܼңÿҪӦˡ
˼ѵƣȴûһ
ӭһλˡ
Էٶȿ磬б仯Ȼһλ֡
ʱ̣ȴһ
Ϊ⽣ҲϤ
·ŵÿһ죬ͻְ֣Ľʮ顣
ɽ
׼ɽ
ɽʵ̫ˣԷʹǰУ֪ʲô
£߸Ҳⲻ
´̿һ̳Ůƺ֪Ķ΢΢һ
Ȼоһʹֶ
ת˲䣬еĽͳŮ
ǰŮӣ·֪ǰܺ˳Ƴ֣ϣ˳ƽıߡ
ҲֻǾһ˲һ̣ٴιǰ
Ȼַʽļ󣬵˶ڣľ֮ǰЩȫ
ֻ뷨
ٴֵʱѾ֮
ͬΪԼһۿֲתƾ֣ôֻ֮䡣
Ǹɵĺѧֹ⴫ԭ
Ѿ似ɵʦȻپضʽʦ֮£ʽ
ʮʽɽҪ󲿷ֵעڽУԹΪأֻ
ӦԲôĽֻȻҪ
ܹӦԣǾͻᴦʮΣյľء
ڻ̫٣޷ֵͬĹ
ݣ
Ҳ˺´̿͵Ĳӡ
ŲӣѪָӿɴ۾ˣǰһС
ҲЩ⡣
ԷôҲǵľΪ൱ɱȴô򵥡
һ壬ɽŽҿô졣
ͷһۣѾˣμ˵Ľ¡
⣬õҲɽ
⼤ĺʤģ䣬֮һλʹɽĺɱ֡
̫ϲЩɽɱˡ
￼ʱʦ͵͵𰸵ĸо
ǵʽ仯Ƕޱȣȴ͸ǵ·ֻ¾
ת˲֮䣬ͬ
ʣʮһλˣֹͣ˹¶۾ֳ֮ɫ
˶ʵʵĵľΪһɽȴŮնɱѵʦ
ʮһеˣǾ
ɽɷԭа˸ϴһɷ
һĸֻܽɽɷˡ
ǰܻ뿪
˵ֻһλʦô
̫죬֮˼壬ת˲֮䣬Ǿ⡣
εֻΪӣֵôԼС
һλ˹ϵԶӣӴ˷򣬾λʦսʱŷϻһȭ䱬Դ
ʮ˶ˣʣĺɱ֣ϵƣҲѾ˵
λ˾ǿߣԽսԽ£ٵж࣬Ҳ·硣
ȻһҪԭǣɽɷʣµλɽˡ
ĿλͬŲɽѰ·
ɽɱǽɣǴСѧľɽ
˼ʮĽȻʹˣʮֵʵֶӲһʱ֪ô죬ֻתΪսˡ
Ǳˣǻˡ
μеڶķʵͨĵľ࣬ȻʵѷһЩɴСʦ̵ǿιУԸɣʵֻܷӳһɱֱ֣׾١
˺ܿͱˣɥʧж
ʱ֮ڣľƣͷ˷츲صı仯
λʦѽѷ֣Զɽʯɽľϵ
ʣλɱ֣û˼սȥ˼
һģһŮӣɱľǵѹ̫󡭡
ߣ
֪˭һ˶սΧɢӡ
飡
һܵˣոգײһεǽϣ˶˻
ûһλ˾ֵĽѾĲϡ
⼸λɱ֣ÿҪʱͻᱻεǽײҪƴһһεӰǵж
磬ȫ̳һֱȴ;бһʹó١
ƽգӰ쵹Ҳⲻ
Ǻͬĸֶսֻʽ΢С٣Ҳĺ
ϵľʣŵиܼңҲս֡
ȻҲǣǳеʱ򣬽ǵж
ʩչΪΣ۳һ·֮ǽסܵ·
첻֪ôˣǽ֮ǻΪΣ˳ƺǰ˲٣ѵΪ־ˣ
ΪڰӰ죬λɱָӲȫʵܿ˺ۡ
Ҳ򲻹ҲӲձһһ¡
һߣںŷϻƽսĺʦĺڲ֮£ɫҲ˱仯
һλʦʮλľлɽɷ
֣ûսʤİա
û뵽ɽɷ硣
Ůӣרɽ
һλȻ÷ҵֶΣһԸš
ʦ֮£ͬ˲Ϣֳܷ֮ʤﾭסĸţ
ʧܣʾ޶βõԺҲùصӡ
ͻкܶ
ı͢٣Ǻʹĳ͢ԣҲûӡ
ǲٴˣϰҰףҲط
ٴζԺһȭȭʹõķѣʦ嵹ɣȴûֹͣһɽ·ȥһߴЦջƵģվ͵Ǻڡ
ŷϻƲû׷
һλʦһӣֻеİʥܹ
ߣʵˣû°ɣ
û¡
ҡҡͷĿŵ
ŵɫȻЩ԰ף˼Щʹ⣬ûʲôĸоˡ
ּжʱһʱͷ˽ⶾ£ŵ֪·ΪʲôҪⶾˡ
ЦЦ˵İɣҲû¡
ղһյ˼㡣
ͨļʸŵһͷ
ľǿ߹עļʸڵΪס
ǹֺǵľ뼫Զڼϣкܴ˥ղһܽǸԴ
ӰԶ̤ն
һƬǽ壬˵ɫȻһ䡣
һ˵ͷȭˣ°²ûץסǰ֮ˡ
˰֣˵̫ԶⲻǵĴȻȥɡ
ܼҲŵ˵үұ㡣
˵ɡ
ܼ΢΢һ㶣Ȼʵʵ˿
Ÿǰŵ΢΢һ㶣Ȼſıϡ
ϱӣ׻ʱҲô
һĸ֮䣬ʼһ㵭ĸңһ̣ңƺϢɢˡ
ֻһͨˣҲΣʱҪŵ֪ΪʲôſıϣŵȴܸܵһǰδеİȫС
ְȫУӶܸġ


200 ֮ŭ
̣¿״Ԫ˵Ϣܿڳֶߡ
Ϣ֮ɢô죬Ϊ̫ҽԺ̫ҽȫе
ݴ̫ҽ˵״Ԫɵļ򣬱˾綾ļʸ䴩
ǰ׼ҽƵĶⶾҩܵͻһغ
Ϣ𾪡
䰡ƷԱ˵һ֮£֮ϡ
¿״Ԫǳ͢ƷԱǱյ˭ıӵȻҶ֣
ңʱҲֳ
ıҼӳ͢٣Ĵһ鵽֮ϣͷβһܵ
һЩѶҲ𾪲ѡ
ÿգޣ˵ܡ
ĳӵʱ򣬳ûϮɱûܳɹ
ֱһ·ִ˾Ϊ䣬Ҳûз
һ˾ǿÿγţ߱ضɭϡ
Ϯɱ͢ƷԱеⲻ⣬Ʋ⡣
Ȩڣûκ˻֯ܵǱͱԸ壬ҲҪɱľġ
һսɱ
λɱֱܣ˾̿ʡ
лλ˱Ѻ˾;С
ʱûиϢ͸¶˵Ŀ⣬

ԺＱתһλ̫ҽ˲̵߳һ
ԺŶӵļ̫ҽһ¶ɫ
״ԪɵĶҲˣʣµĲˣһӣȬ
ȴе̫ҽҽΪˣ̫ҽһ͸֧ѾǱ̧ĵˡ
ڣλ̧̫ҽæ̧֣˵£˽ȥˣ״ԪɵĶҲˣ˿Ҳȫϣ˽ȥֻǽûʲô̫塭
ǲкô𣬱ĥߴˣһ
ȵһλ̫ҽŷǻȥ
߽䣬еĿڴϵŵʵоô
ŵԼӴоüˡ
˿Ƥ⻬𪣬һ˿ڶû£ûһ
ҽ鴫
ǿǼλ̫ҽеϣҪܳһʱ
ؿڣ˵û¾ͺá
ʵû£
˵ͷ˵û£ŵҵһ
οŵԴ˵úӡ
ܿ죬ɫͳĿ͸ɱ⣬ҧñ֪˭Ļָʹһ壡
ʱһλ߽ǶԴ˹֣˵¡
ʵ࣬鵽Ļָʹ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ǶǱ˹Ӷɱ֣֪ݣʮɱλϴδɱүɽɷӣͬһĻָʹ
ףʦˣһǣ˵Ϊˣ̫ࡣ
ŵ룬ڵϴεİӣ֪˭Ļָʹ
̵˭
ŵ
ɫһ䣺ʲô
ŵ˿˵գ£ڰֳֹҿ϶ա
Ƭ̺󣬴˳ȥصʵأ
һӰ첽뿪Ƭ̺ȥ˵ص£½԰͡
ȥ԰

֮ڣŵʵûˣ
ŵָŹ⻬ļ˵㿴ҿµ𣿡
λ̫ҽеϣصˣҲκˡ
ŵվڴߵļ˺Ͱиеޱȵҡ
ҿǶȥˣҲҿʱһֱڽɽ˵ǣʮɱ֣ǡǡɽɷǰѹ˿һ
һ׶༪١
ʱŵԺ֮Уֶ߷
ɽɷϴξͱͨˣβǱɱֱӵ䡣
еľȻĳһѧ˼¡
ĿǰΪֹľǿߣһ⣬ȫ˷䡣
ļˣ˾ߴ֮ӦҲܳڷϡ
ֻϧλʦˡ
ץһλʦӵҲ˵ԺʦҲûз֮
ŷȻһλʦ
ŵû뵽ġ
Ҳ֪׸ĺôһʦȻԸҿš
ܼһḷ߽̌ľзһֻӡ
ո߽䣬һ˵㣬ͳ䡣
ܼҶḷ̌ߵŵߣ˵үǴָģʱڣ˾ũµӻûг죬Ҳ֪ǴŪģӦû˲ӡ
ŵȷʵܾûгũˡ
徭ҽĵûǰ״̬ҪãûмָıҪ
һΪģ˺Ͱһ顣
ӺͰܾˡ
ӣǰԹ٣ǸģȻ̰졣
ǳһڣóԵĶˡ
ûгԹôóԵӡ
ŵѾһ飬ۺ⣬ֽһ˻ȥ
ˣЩڲ֪ʲôӣһӾ͸ж
ľƵǰ˵˺˱ˣЩ㡭
ĨĨ۾˵ǸָģҲҪˡ
ŵ´ԭ˼£˵㿴ҵ廹ҪָûԹũҵӣɡ
˴ڵĳӡ
ǽڣһ˵ŵһ
Сû˶ôù
ֻԼûӻűμ˽ȵǡ
ʱ԰
һУ͢ʦڽĵĵ࣬ơ
룬輧裬ӯƮɣԾ֮䣬СɵĶ֣ᱡɴ͸͸ջ
ڱЩԿģѾ£΢ĵ
״˿ھƣĿЩ輧
һ輧ɫ㲻΢΢ƫͷһƬĻ¹˵ǰмǸڶ֮͵
ǻ¹΢΢ͷǡ
һӰǼλ輧սȭͷĿ͸ʺɱ⡣
ʱһӰ󲽴ӵ߽
վſڵҪǵӰ˻ȥ
¶һ˿֮ɫվ΢Цӭǰ˵֣ôˣ
ȴûЦץ죬ݺݵİϡ
ϣ
лûΨһλ˳ӰǰһȻνʡ
תͷһۣ˵£
ɫˣʣ׺ݵĿⶢŴ
֣׷˺£ι
ѹɱӵɱ֣ɳȥİɣ
һѵǰε鱩¶ˣ
ֻǴɱĶӣʹǣ˵ɱҲȥɱ͢ƷԱ
ĶӣҲƷԱ׼ǰ޼ɵ˵ʲô
ĿĶ񣬱˵ûо㣬ٸҶһһëݹֱֵ֮飡


201 ֮ԩ
԰
֮ڣʦֹͣࡣ
輧Ҳ裬վڵС
ڵ԰ıͣһҳͷ
Ȼ֪ʲôλӣԷ˾޴ĳͻ˳
飬ܹġ
ķſ֣壬˳ӻ
ǳֽӣְֻνģˡ
ɫһ䣬ѾӰѹǿ
⣬ӡ
´鷳һҧƾճʣȴһС
ݸ˵²ϣҲѴ̣Ҫȿ֣
һۣûٿڣתȥ
ӣǲɢ˵ڵıͺʦ輧֮Ӱڵأ˵һʱ嶯𷣣
Խ˵ôأʲô飬ҲֻĶԱġ
ĿɨĻ˵ͷĿӡ
νҰʱ򣬴Ҫǵֵʱɲôǡ
ջߣɫҲʵȥһ飬׷ʲô飬ΪʲôȻ裿
һӰܳܿ˻
ղ԰ظ裬ȴѾˣҪϢѡ
֪ԭί󣬹˲ߣʵʲộĶˣϢļٵģ
˵˵ͷ˵ص£Ϣǧȷգһȥʱ⵽һȺ̿͵Ϯɱ˵̿һλʦʮλľߣλʦӶ֮⣬̿ͣԱɱܻ񡭡
𾪡
Ƭ̺һ뿪
߽ĵСͤͷӣ촽˶ʵ㰲ŵģ
Ҳлعҡҡͷ˵ûУǵġ
Ȼ˵Ҫһλʦ
ʦɱ֣ôҵģ
󲿷յʦɻǼ壬һ¶֮ûԸðա
˵ˣɱְϵʦҲҽ
һʯϣŭɽɷΪľǵ룬ô֪ϴǱֵģģ˭ڱƱ
ӵͷ˵µӦϴεİӣ˰ѱ
󣬰˰֣˵û֤ݣҲκβ˱㣬ԺǲҪԳˣ£ߣûʲôֵεˡ
Ŀ¶ж֮ɫ

ĳ֮ۡڡ
һӰ߽ĳϵţѹ˵ȥ԰˵˳ͻڳеıͶˣǶȻǽʣͷϡ
˿ɴڵ齣˵Ȼ֪ϴĶôģڹ׻ǿϣǿΨһĶӣͿôˡ
ɴ֮󣬴һΪ𣿡
˵΢΢һ㶣ʱɴЦЦ˵벻ţһġ

ŵӺɽ
ֻһλɽɵӵĻ񣬾ЩޱĴڣŵѾ޿ɽ̡
һ죬ϵĻͶ߷
λľɽɵӡ
һܣǶͬںϡ
ĿǰԣɽɵĽʦû˱ɽ
ЩͻᰵȥΪʡŵȻҪȴ
߽ŵо񣬳׷ģתһԺȥ
鷿֮ڣŷϻվǰ˵λʦӦ޼֮ʱڶ֮£ϰָȭչжʮ꣬Դһϳȭλȭ֣ɾʦ֮ɣҲˣҪҵܡ
Ļո˵߽꣬ڣ˵Ѿˣٸҳ֣浽ӵʸ񡭡
վ˵˰δġ
΢΢һ㶣ѵҴˣ
Դ˵治ĻҪȥǸ
ڰ֣˵ǸҲڣȻβһý˻ᣬһǰʡ
Щ齻ˣֻһ⣬ʵ׻˭
û˵ʲôŷϻƿ˵Ķʦôľûаǲܵģ˲٣ԸЩӵģûмλ
Ȼû˵ҲͲˡ
веģųϵĿܣǼλ֮һ
ھ˭ģ˵κ˶пܡ
һһеĻӣһߵգǲġ
Ǹ˵ԲǱǻһҶ֡
˻֣˵²𣬼Ȼѡ·Ҳ޷ͷˡ

һ̵İӣڼ͡
԰죬Ƣ飬űǵɢȥܿҲǵĶС
ĹϵȻضԡ
ƵĴôĻĪǣӣΪ
ǵɲûгã͵õ֤
̣ʱ˾֣˳ʮ̡
Щ̣¥ַ̣鱦̡ͬ㡣
һЩǱ⡣
ЩĲҵ
ֱأҲǧ˿Ƶϵ
ǳã׸ֻǻģҪһԭ򣬵˾˵ͷ⣬ɶ
⣬ǽ
УһЩԱڰ칫ͱ˾ֱӴŴߣҲδ͡
ЩԱҲһͬص㡣
ǶΪ׽
Դˣزţûκξٶ
ʷǣĳĬ
ϲȦӣһЩ˵ղĹء
ȻҪɱӣҪôܼƻҪʧ֡
ʧ֣ҲʲôԵ©
ãӶɱִɱ䣬ûɹ¶Լ
ʱҲڳ
Ȼ˾ûֱӵ֤֤ĻָʹΨһĶӲܵһ¡
ҪȻֻ֪ж޹ꡣ
Լµ͢ѡһֻ۱һֻۡ

£ˣһ̱ˣ
£²ãҲ˾ˣ
¡

ϣһ౨ϵı͡
ŭУԩ
飬Ĳɵİ
Ҫ˵ǰΰɱӣʣҲˡ
εĴɱ¼ĺûϵ
һλʦͰˣʮλľߣöӣó
ĸڱ
Уʡ˶
ôΪҲܹܣ


202 ڽ
ıҰ⣬
һЩ˴Уۻ˭̡
ΪѾƻϲȦĬϵĹ
޼ɵҲ㰵ɱһס
ȻԼƻ˹أҪеƻصĺ
߹٣ߵĻԶ䡣
ǽֹǵ֪ԭɱ͢٣øôĴۣͬ飬䵽ԼͷϣԹ˭
Ǵıóвٹְֿȱ˳
Ҫ飬ǾԼֲȥⱻռȻ

ŵ֪淢飬һ齣󣬻صʱע⵽Щʧ䡣
ڴߣͷϵıЩį
ŵ£֣ʵôˣ
ʵЩ̿ͣɵ𣿡
ŵûش
εɱֲɵģǰΣѲϵ
ĬĬͷ
ͬĸĸ磬ҪɱδɷҲûŹ
С˶һ̵ᵽʼҵ顣
һεĴͻ飬һжõĽ֣״Ԫ˭ʶ޹ȥ
֪ʲôʱʼ˶ˡ
ŵ˶ϲ
ŵܹⰲ飬û˵ʲôҲʲô˵ֻӵ뻳
ŵؿڣܵƽҪܸܵԼ⣬һ˸еģҲ𽥵İ
ʼ飬ϾͲǻʼҵˡ
Դĸ̫Ӹ綼֮󣬻ʼҶԣûʲôˡ
ͷŵʲôʱܳɻ鰡Ҳסڹˡ
ǵĻڣ񲿻ûиһ
ŵͰףǺӳףʵӶ㡣
ҪͬʱˣӾͲѡˡ
ļգпӵա
Ҳˡ
飬ֱѡ֮գѡһ١
ѡôûûҲȷЩ̫ˣŵһȥ񲿿
˵ͷҲд⡣
ܿŵĸоʱɫȻһ죬ܵһֻ֣С̽˽ȥ
һСһȹ
ŵ֣˳С°̽ȥһλļ
ȻȲӵôϸҲǡô΢ЩУֻΪţԵЩ
ɫЩ죬ȴû뿪ŵĻ
Ȼʶܵľٶ˾Ҫˣһʲô
ŵַʱҲӿһֵĸо
˵Ļϲ
˶û˵һϢʼڷ֮ӡ
ֱһӰ߽״컵ķΧ
˿ŵ·˵һνˣֽһɡ
˵ԣŵ²ۡ
飬ûеڹ顣
²۹²ۣŵǾľĽ
´󹦣ؼʱ̣˺һס
ʵԽǿԽġ
ֽ֮ŵԼȥһ񲿣Ƿ˵ŵˣŵӱҲţˡ
ǣԸµĴȥȷڡ
ſͣ¡
˺ȻԸǻ˸첲
񲿵ŷʶĽʿ״ԪɻʶģϾνֵʱ״ԪɵſڹΣ֮̾Сǰȥ㱨
һ¬ʢҴҵ߳÷һ˵У̣ǰȥ̽Ȼæûг򡭡
ŵЦ¬˿ˣҵܺá
¬ʢ̽ʵ񲿣εģ
ŵ˰֣˵εҲ֪񲿵Ļôˣ
Ƭ̺һ÷֮ڡ
¬ʢóһӣŵ˵£Ѿݹз˵֣ѡ˼ӣ빫Ŀ
ǲģд֣Ǹ㼪յĹ̡
ŵ÷ˣֱʵ¬ֱӸңǼհɡ
¬ʢ°ϵĶ룬˵³ߡ
ɴ۾𾪵ʲôΪʲôôã
¬ʢ¶֮ɫ˵عģδ飬ͷͬʱޣͬʱļղ࣬ģҲ֮󡭡
У
ҡҡͷȻܾ̫ˣܳ£
˿һۣ˵๫˵ǾóʱڳĺĺֵõȣҲΪǺá
һۡ
ֲףȻż
һ춼ڹˡ
ŵ¬ʢ˵ȷ̫ˣһЩӣûкʵģ²ѡ֮գͨļҲԡ
¬ʢ룬˵ͨļյУİ³ţһСգǣƣޣѡ֮գ˿²񷨣еġ
ĵ񷨾ô涨ģ״ԪҲ
ֻǹһ˳ޣÿ¶мա
ټһλվͷǳѰ
״Ԫ˸ǡ
ŵʵĲѡ𣿡
¬ʢҡҡͷ˵״ԪҲǶ񷨵ģ֪ޣѡ֮գⲻ¹һܶģþؼ˺׼Ҫ飬¸ˣʡ֮񲿲ܿʼﱸ
ŵź˵ȻˣҲΪ¬ˡ
¬ʢ˱ȭ˵л¡
ŵֵޣ˵ҲǴ£һ˲״ϣճﱸ¬ʲôʱпգȥһҵɣûգҵҲԡ
¬ʢĬƬ̣˵ʱ䣬ȷ̫ˣ¹Ҳòãдһߡӣɴ˺˿ԵƬ̡
¬ʢдһߡӣʹҴȥ
ӣȥЦ˵ɴ˺Ѿӡˣܿͻݽʡһн¹ٻȥ֪ͨġ
ܿ죬ŵ߳񲿡
洺磬һá
˵ĵ㣬˿ˣΪ㲻Ըء
Ƴһۡ
ԸޣǼ޵ֲ
ڵǣʲôûз
ºʹӾ壬£⣬׵Ǳ˵ɷˡ
Ҫʱһ˴Ծ
һ٣һϮۣؿڵλãһɫСԼһɽα־
˿Զȥȵɽɵִϣôˣ
ŵͷһۣʵɽɵģ
˵˵ͷ˵֮ǰٿʱҼɽλʦ֮һҲɽɵִϣ֪ʲô
ŵüͷ΢΢һ
λɽɵǿߣлһλʦ
֮ϣѾаλɽɵĸˣץλɽȣֱӵĿܣ
ûżʧķ˵ȥ


203 ʦ

¸ӰڽϣƵƵյĲĿ
ȻְƽʱҲࡣ
һЩʶĽʿͨǵţϳǵݡ
ɽɵˡ
λţɽɵִϣҼһ档
˵ģǡضġؽǿʦﰡ
ɽɵʦʲô
ĪΪɽɷ

ɽһˣȷΪɽɷ
⼸ˣԭɽɵӣΪŷŹ棬ţ뿪֮ǰɱǵʦɽɽص䡣
Щִһֱ׷ɱǡ
Ϊʵףóϻִ֮ΧΣѣִʧ˼λӡ
ȥ֪꣬ڳִ֣óϣʦǿߣ
¹ȥѰ˾ܵҲǵټ
ٴε֪ϢѾΪɱ͢٣ĳ͢׽á
ɽɷǲں
Ǳص䣬׷
صһɽɵĵͽ׵˵в
ʦ似Ѿ뻯ھڹ̶ʽ
ʦ֮£ʵʽͬҪ
ͬսǽбֿ͸ǱذܵĽ֡
֪ɽɷ󻹻ŵλѾƽ£˵һʱ
ſڡ
ſֵۿһۣ˵ǿǴɱ͢ٵ̽ӣģȥɡ
ɽȻڽźպڣҲøɽʦֱ档
κǳһССۣҲ
λɽǿߣһʱҲ֪Ǻá
ʱӰԶ
̧һƣܹȥЦ˵ӣˡ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ֮˹ȥ
λߵĿ⣬ɨͣλƽӹŮϡ
СССͣΪɽһУûĶ֡
ңλŮӣЩĸо
ܿϤ
ͣΪֻǳŴɡ
ǡãĳһڲμʱһλ츳ѵСй̵ӡ
СǰŮü֮䣬а˾ŷơ
ǵãƺǽˣһ״ӵŮ
飬ʱҲֵ÷з
ڵһ콾ɽʱ򣬾Ȼһλû츳ţ˽Գɻ飬һ˺ӡ
飬ʱָУӣһ޷ܡ
ǰȭλ֮˵ǰ
ܳɾʦߣһ츳ԾѵţʦɵĵӣһҲֳ㹻𾴡
΢΢һЦ˵λСĸ׽ɺã
˵ͷǰĸ׺ܺá
ֿԵˣʵλǣ
˿ŵ˵๫
ԣֶ࿴ŵۣĵԭλ츳׿СҲɻˣɷûκΪ
ʵǰʲô
̾˿˵˵Ҳɽɵĳ裬վͲýǼţӦ÷ǵΪҲûа취ΪǴ˴ɽŻû뵽Ƿ´Ѿܻ͢ˡ
˵Ǽ뿪ʱһص䣬Ϸһǣ׷ص䣬ǲá
֪صһɵҪԣŵ˵ûʲôϵĻǰһǰɡ
ŵ¶ɫ˵λǰ飬ǣⲻϴµĹء
֪ܲԸȫǰˡ
ŵ˱ȭ˵빫и㣬պҪɽɰæĵطɵӣǡ
ŵԼ֣Ħָ˵Υص顭
Ϊѧ߱ʻǶģߴȡƱĵݸŵ˵λи㡭
ϣָոͱŵס
ŵ˵λǰ֮ͥ£л߰
һ㶣ȫû뵽̬˷չ
ʱŵۣ˵һ¸͢٣ǳһգʾͽ䣬ش£ɽɵһ𡭡
ɽɵӼˣַ׷װڽ֮ϡ
ŵƳһۣôǻϮ𣬴ȥһһա
߻عǺݺݵĵһۣȻŵ˱ȭ˵л
ܿλӣʵڱİǡ
ŵСǰŵ㣬ǽŪˣҲý
ߵӷģϷзִ硣
ŵ˵ͷ԰˵ؼҰɡ
ص֮
ŵԺУǰķ䡣
֣ûӡ
Ͼڰʾ͵ĵִҲ
ȴһλߵĻ
ͬʱɽɷˣԼλɽӵĻ񣬾ʧ
ŵ۾Ժиֳྫʽɽ
һλʦȻֻһֽ
޷ɽΪ
һ̣ŵٿԺˣ;֮ǰѾɽֶ
ȻԺеɽѾʦ汾
ڵӵɽɵĽʦɽĸ
Ժڣμںͷѧ
ĿһƲŵ˽˻ʡ
˼ˣĿҲŵ
һ̣Ŀ֮У˾֮ɫ
һ˿ȣܿͱ˾
þĽ
ֱ仯Ȼɽֲȫɽ
׽УɽĻϣһЩı仯зйԳһɡ
һ£ŵеľΪֻǳľ£߲ʮС
Խۡ
˵ֻһûΪͨˡ
ʦҲˡ
μ˻վ
ŵĽ֮УһЩµĶ
̶̼գɽֽһµľ硣
˵֮ǰĽֻǴ죬
Ƭ̺
ͤУԼ
ۡ
˵Ρ
Σôܿŵڽμ˽
μŽŵ֡
ţɽɵʦӦҲôɽɵӡ
ӣȴԺޱ
˽֮ŵĹ˵һԣԼϰ
μ˱۾еĽȴûͣϸϸŸղŵʱָо
һ顣
顣
顣

֪˶ٱ飬ĳһ̣ںȻһĲ
˴Ŀ
ѾеôˣȻͻƣȥ¾ʦҲԶˡ
Թŵ
֮ǰԼʱȻб
ֻμ˲μԶǵһλġ
ŵѾЪĲˣ֣˵ˣ
Թ
ŵŸʲôˡ
ϵԹתΪϲˣ


204 Сʦ
¡
ֻССĳͽ䣬һ㲻̷һ
Ȼô˵ˣҲǲ
˭ôҿء
֮ڡ
ɽɷͬһη֮ڣ˵ѪӣԤϵôһ죬˵Ҳܹ̹Ȼʵ
ȫ٣ΪȻϣ˿ǽϣͣĿԡ
ȿȣһûиʦһѳţҲ˽֡
ǰˣŵӣȻִ𷣣ҲùЩ굶Ѫ֪Ϊ˭
ǰִϣ֮ǰһ
Һ񿴵ִˡ
ҪˣȻֻþǴµΣִô
ǣҺĿִˣ
֨
εĴű򿪣һλߣ߽Ŀˡ
Ϥףһ£һЩԶļ䣬ʼԺ֡

θ
ְֵĽϰ˼ʦɽŵŻصһϢ
һϢһ˼
Ϊ˰սʦЩӣŵûо顣
ﵽʦ·ߡ
һǵĿޡ
һŹһ似һӣջۣ۵һֲĵزһʮᣬһ򷨣ɳʦ
ڶȡ֮·ټ֮似ɣɳʦ
ͱӣ彣ѾСɣɽҲĳ̶ֳȣҲСÿһŽʵܸĻﵽʦĳ̶ȡ
ڶ·Ȼ죬ȴȻż
һԣޱߣһŽҪʮʮãʱȥѧϰġ
ʦʣټ֮Ҫ˽ǰټ似̶ֳȵԴֻЩӵУһЩСɵĵӣֻǶеߣûеõʦ̵Ļᡣ
ⷽ棬ŵŵơ
ܸӺṩҲ˵Դ
ϾھҲɽɵĽʦɽĸ򣬺ޱĴǡ
ŵԡ
ԴɽܽɣɽɵǿҲץܴɽ
ȲΪʲôɽŵɣ·ǿеġ
Ѷڣܵ˼ȥץʦ
ͺˡ
ŵ˼һᣬַһֱڿ۾գգв²ۣԼһСףܿôĽ
Ժڣһһϰɽ
Բ̫ãĲãǺЩ겻ǧ겻Ľȡ
ŵְֵĽɽľȫ̸ˣ˵治μˣ
ݣ
̳һһڵһĺۼ
һ΢ɢ
ȻĲ΢ľΪѾʮֿɹˡ
ʮŵٵֵµС
ܶѧֽʦָտɴ
߹ȲĿŵʵ㻹ʲô
ŵԺлһ˵ɽǽǽԶһ㣬ûɽôͨ
ͷǽʦŵֻһ䣬Ժо͸ֳལ֣һ룬ĽҲԶֶ
˽ݸ˵ʾһ£ҿ
һ֮ڣŵڽ⣬ʦġ
ȻûɽôҲΪ죬ٱ˴˲֪٣Ǵ´ˡ
ãڽһʦĸףδöࡣ
ԣȴû̫ϧˡ
ֻԼһ츳ҲضΪһʦ
ŷϵĻţŵֽһɽ
ɽλɽ裬ܻɽɵľӢӣʦ⣬϶ǰջԼĥҪá
Ϊǽʡʱ䡣
ĳһ̣ܵб仯ŵһ£ֶ졣
ǧһʮ졣
µ
һʼ죬һǧࡣ
ǶӦøлλĻ֡
ҪģǸԪġ
ǰŵܾ÷ۿѣÿֻܼһؼ
ڲѣһӾǼ죬һֲ̫ʵĸо
ʣ˵ٵÿ
ǿԽԽõġ
ֻҪһλľΪһ죬һλľһ죬Ϳʮˡ
ľˣʦǻ˵ã
ŵֻϣɱֶƣȻǰÿζܰȻȹ
һӵʵԵΪҪ
Ϊ˵Ļԣڶһ磬ʱŵһΪǸ١
򼱻򻺣ݽб仯ǲôġ
¬ʢվԺſһȵŵһգ˽΢Ц˵͹ĻѾˣǽİ³ţҲĸºвУ
³ţõȵⲻǿǰ
˵ͷ˵¬ˡ
¬ʢ˲˵࣬࡭
ǰҲû취Ȼⲻ񷨣ɲ̸ûһԸ̸
ողڳдץһˣ˭Ҳڹϵ
֪ŵ֮Ȳĸǡ
ֻһҲ
첽߳˽ӣ¬ʢ˿
˿̣һλ¸ߣվǰ
쾪ոմӴ³µĹԱλӵݡ
Ǳص䣬ɽ˵Ҫ
ǼͽȻѳţҲ֪صŵҪԣûн⴫֮󣬾ͽصˣҲ׷ġ
Ȼܼܲǣһ˱˵Ķݣŵлǡ
Ҫ߽һӰŷ˳
һλűζߡ
ĿӣͬʱܵԷв·һ˲̡
쾪ȱ˱ȭ˵ɽ쾪˶飬л
ŷϻȻ֣¶ɫؽ쾪
ʱ
ŷϻƵĴ£쾪̤һСԺ
λ˾ԺУ쾪ҪǰŲȻһ١
ԺһӰ¶𾪡
ɽ
ȻĻûô죬ӽеı仯ɽľ辡С
ѵͽƭصѾй¶ˣ
ܿ죬쾪ʹͷ
ȥص䣬Ƕʮǰص䡣
ɽ仯͸¡
ĽǱصϼصģ֪˶٣ӽԣ쾪ԼҲˡ
ڲڣȻǿѾƽɽ
꼸ʽУվſڣǰһ˵쳤ǰ׳ˣɽ಻֮쳤ָָ㡭
쾪ҡҡͷ˵˹˵ЦˣɽѾϷûʲôָġ
˰һۣߵС
ɽɵʦôָ㲻ɽ
϶ǵԼɵĻйô׾ӵĿ佱ܾ
ߣ
Լ컹˵أ
ɽɵˣһ֪֪ͼ
Сӵλʦǿߣһǻί޴˵
̡
̲˰
ղŵǼʽûκβ㣬ΪʦҲʲôë
̾˿飬ߵλǰ˱ȭ˵նлλӳ
ŵ˰֣˵ǰˣ֮Ͷѡ
ˣ֪ͼ쾪ٴεԹǾ֮ͣɽش󣬹պҪɽĵطɿڡ
ŵ룬˵ˣһ飬Ҫǰɽɰæ


205 
ŵѾΪӺʦĹ滮
ǽеĶǽ
˵Ҫͨʮֽܴʦľ磬ǵ츳ԣѧҾͨһֽҪһꡣ
ĻҪʮͻơ
ǸʱӶʮˣŵȻȲôá
ŵģѧϰÿһֽʱ䡣
һͨһŽôʮֻֽҪһꡣ
ʱ䣬ŵǵȵġ
ȻֻǾÿ˵ͬе˾ͨʮʮֲĽܳɾʦеҪࡣ
ֻ֮ҪԼѧˡ
ڣеѹŵϡ
ҪӺˣԼȵûᡣ
ץʦȻݵİ취ȻŵȥʦǾʦ
׼ٿһᣬԽѣ¸ŵĽǿߣǽʦԽ
ȻԾڶŹץһġ
Ȼе㲻ˣȷʵѧҽķ
쾪ŵĻ᣿
ŵ˵ͷ˵ʵнģ˻ᣬĦһ¸ҽ򡭡
Ȼټɵʦһᣬ˼ʦôС䡣
λǰͲһˡ
ԼǽʦɽɣҲǽϺŵŴɣⳡᣬٿҲʲ
ŵȻøλʦÿһλʦҶһǧӵĳã⣬ǰǧΪл
쾪˼
Ҳȷʦѣÿһʱ䣬ͻһֽ̽һΪ˽Ϊȡ̡
ӵΣܳΪʦȱӡ
صֱӻɽɵģôһֵõ鲻ʱ䡣
˼ҸոհæΪ˻ƻ˳͢Ĺأ˵ǣôһСҪ;ܾΪʦҲЩҲס
˼Ƭ֮ڵӾͲˣһºϷʹ뼸λѣɽһȻô˵Ϸͽ֮ѡڳ
ŵ¶ϲȭллǰ
쾪Ϸ˵ֻǼ飬Ϸûô뼸λˣֻ㽣㲻ʲôᡭ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ǾͶлǰˡ
뵽λʦ뼸λʦɣȰ⼸Žѧ˵
ȵӺ˰Щѧ֮취
쾪ʵֽʣ
ŵȥȡ
쾪д˼ţŵ˵빫˽⼸ͳȥ
ʦȻʦȦӣ⼸ţֱɣλʦ
ŵŷϵ֣˵ǰд治
쾪һ顣
һǽ
鷨
˿Ľտ쾪ûʲôоĻѾˡ
˭鷨дúã㼫Ϊ⡣
ŵʵҲ鷨
ŵЦԶǰĿ飬һּ͸Ž⣬ǽʦȻܽ鷨
ⶼĳ쾪ʮ⣬۳룬˵Ҳ֮ˣ磬֣̽̽
ŵð
Ƭ̺쾪ֽϵ֣ͨ졣
˵֣̽ʵлָ˼
λ˰æָָ鷨͵ǻˡ
ȶԷ֪鷨֮˸һεģֺͶԷı֮ͯˡ
ղŵĻû˵̫˿Щ˵ӵ鷨ĳԶԶĳʲô֮빫Ӳߴͽ̡
ŵָһԼš
Ǽţܼң˾һʱĳȥ
˾ڴĸݶоݵ㣬˴֮䣬ٶȼ졣
գܽ⼸͵͵ĵط

ɽ
Σأʯᾡ
ɽɽƾͣնųƣ˸ʵǡ
Ȼܹյ˵յɽ壬Ҳƽ졣
ɽɣһɣλڻɽۣ֮֮ڣʦλһɡ
ĳվķ嶥
һλɷǵߣһ˶ģĳһ̣һӰ̤նһż㣬˵ʦɽǰš
̧֣ǷžͷɵС
ţ˿֮ĵصڳˣҲãҲʡǧﱼ
ɽɽǧ
ɽȴֻһʱ㵽
һλʵʲô
ɷǵЦǼԼÿһһνεĵص㶨˳Ȥһͬǰ
Ц£ǿԴմ֡
ɽ
һӰţľ޽һ𣬶ǰ֮С
һԾϾ޽Ӱܿʧ֮䡣
֮ڣɽɽ̩ɽִɣյԳż

ɾ볤Զн
Ļɽֻ
Զĺɽнǧ
ľ룬ʦ˵ʲô
Ǻ͵ľǣڵޱȺ嫣֧ųõջУУĵٶȣϲϻָٶȡ
ΪԵòôͻأǰ⽫ʱĿһЩʱ䶨µס
¶ʮߡ
԰ſڡ
һλ߿쾪ģûŪطɣǻʼ԰֣ȷܽȥ
쾪ЦЦ˵ͷİɣ˳԰;գ
о죬ɽǳϢˣȻʼ԰ֶܽ赽
쾪һˣʵλǡ
ɽɳϽܵҽһλλǳؽɽׯ֣ιҲǽ
ЦĳֲҪ֡
쾪˵᲻ᣬ༸λѾˣλ롣
˽ڸԵɣǵһڻʼ԰֡
ǻʼҵĵط⴦԰֣ɽˮ羰ģк徻֮أ԰УĿ
˽ĵص㣬ѡ˺֮ϡ
ں֮ϣ֮ͬʱ
ʦ֮Ľ̽ʽභҲڽϹע
ĽԾ˽۷塣
ߵһС¥¥ǰμ˺ĿתĿʦ֮ıԡ
ĵСͤУӰһ߹ۿһƷ
쾪ɽһֱֶ仯ɽɵĴʦţֻʮʽȴ̺ı仯£һ׽Ѿ֪Ϊɽͳʦˡ
˵һɽеõһŹŽףƺǽʲôŽ֪ûлʶ⼸ʽԲǻɽȻЩŵ쾪Ҫˣ
˾۾Ŀˮϵıʱ
ߣһѲߵĽҴҵΪ׵һָź棬ʲôˣ˭԰ڶŹġ


206 ָʦ
԰
λʦĿӣտɽɵ쾪
쾪ҲһãȻ
λ죬͵ǿˣҵڴд轣Ź
ǽŭǻʼ԰֣д轣ĵط𣬽˵أЯΥһ٣ȫҴߣ
λʦЩ
һʮˣֻΪ֮ˣеľΪ
˵ȣΪڶ
еκһˣܲѴ֮Ľǣȴû
ɽɣȻǽжĴ
ڴģǴĳ͢
ǿڣڴĳ͢ǰҲõͷ
ھЩʱһӰ첽ŵЩǸ˵λǰ˼ҵǷģｻҾͺá
ŵǽһԣС˵˼䡣
Ƭ̺ǽ߹˵Ȼλүѣ̾ˣ԰ֵĹزƣ͹һʱʾͽɡ
ŵ˵鶼ҵĴǰҲһɡ
˶ʦʢ𾴡
ؽΣǺûӡ
λޱȣҲһ𱻹ؽȥǵĲ嵭
˵Ҳһʱѣ쾪˵ǰһ죬ˡ
ǬηڣŵԼ˱˱ȭٴ˵ǲ˼ҵĴλǰҪǰҪ־͹Ұɡ
쾪˰֣˵Ҳ𣬲Ǳһʱûʲô˵ģҸһ£λǻɽɵǰλǺɽɵǰλ̩ɽɵĺǰǳǰ
ŵٴǰãǰãǰáǰá
쾪ֶԼλʦܵλڳʶһλСѣǱᣬǿƾ״Ԫ״Ԫˣ˵ЩҲ
ŵĽԼŵСϲ£ϲʮĽλǰС䲻ţⳤҲЩۣλǰԺʲôõõĵطܿڡ
ΪԼҲԼ£ŵ̬ŵĺܵ͡
λʦλǫѷҲûʲôС
Ȼˣδǡɡ
˵ηռһ㶼խΣвˮ㣬ҲǸ˵ĵط
ղʹãĪǾʲôŽ
ɽŽһɽһλǰľֻûдǿһʯ֮ϣɷ֣˵ȾĽ֪ʱؼա
ѹ쾪Ķ֣ǽɱɽĶࡣ
ƨϷôͲĶˣɽľģҪǸղЩɨ˵ļһţϷӮˣ
˵Щûãһʵ˵

ʱŵһĬĬĶ˲赹ˮ
üλʦλ˵Ĺ۸иˡ
еλܸߣĹٸɲʲôʦʦģ͵طٸ򽻵ʱһССԶֺ
λˣȻ󣬵ȴûһ˵ļӣһǹмӣ˼ֵ
һʱܿ͹˸ո뿪ΣȲҵطд衣
ŵһط
Ȼû԰ô󣬵Ҳһɽˮģʺ;дĺõط
ﻹһϷ̨ʺдԡ
ԶһС¥Ӻս
⴦˽԰֣Ҵġ
ֻһ죬û뵽ŵһڣֱ͸ˡ
˵͸Ͱ»
ŵֻܾ¡
ղûзֳʤ˵֮󣬻ɽɵλʦɽɵ쾪д衣
̨֮ϣ˴ѽѷ֡
ŵ˼ۣȻջߡ
ʮ֮ڣǰذܡ
ûʲôԭ򣬵ôá
ֿ۷䡣
λʦĻ񣬽ϣҲδںϡ
֪ΪǱʲôԭ
ŵоǵĻͬʱʱ򣬲Ǽ򵥵ļӷô򵥡
ǵĽƺԶĳŻ
ŵдˣûˣֻн
ʱеľƣҲת䡣
˴һʼƾУɽɵʦռϷ磬̶֮쾪ͱѹƵֻزܹڽڰˣ˵Ϸ̨֮⣬źܡ
ɽɵʦһЦ˵á
λʦˣ׷׿ڡ
ɽɵĽȻ
٣仯ˣ쾪Ĳԩ
Ȼƾ꣬ƾ˵ȾҲδػܡ

˵ۣɽɵʦ¶΢Ц緢
쾪һȻԼˣˣ˵ɽ绪ɽܲζ
ʱŵǰ쾪˵ǰһ˵
쾪ŵߵԶһСͤУʵСѣ£
ŵ˵ʵɽ仯δزʤɽλǰֻǰ̫ļɽʩչ
һο쾪һЩǵ˾ˣ˾ǼˣֻϷѧղ
ŵ̨ķһۣС˵˼䡣
쾪΢΢һ㶣㶮ɽ
ŵԶ
ڣ쾪ԽԽȣΪûУɽȴϤȼָ㣬쾪éٿĸо
Զ
ƽʦ֣Ҳˡ
ûУȴܶɽ˵⣬Ǻεȵԣ
һ̣쾪״Ԫ˸֪
ŵһ㲦ϵıʱϲʱ¶ɻ
Ƭ̺Ŀŵһۣߵ̨֮¡
༸ȫעĿ̨˵ıԣҲδע⵽
Ƭ̺
λʦɳ̨ȭ˵ֽտĳʰ·硣
αԣɽʦʤˡ
ַ֮ϳҲһаܡ
λʦķڷ
Ľȷ̫ࡣ
ʱ쾪ٴ̨˵ٱһΡ
ɽ¶΢Ц˵롣
ǰʱżȻõ⼸ʽǻɽɵǰԺͻɽںϡ
ο쾪ʶ꣬д֪ٴΣĽϤ쾪Ľȴ˼İȼΣһġ
һֳֽһָ΢Цʦ緶
쾪ٴιϵЦݺܿʧˣ𽥱档
󣬱ŵ֣Ҳ
ô£Ź˶̶̵һᣬ쾪ȻǻһˣʹûɽʽԼʽȴȫơ
׼ᣬʹһǾĽС
쾪ԤϣһαУĹΧ˳һؿ֮ϡ
쾪ջؽԼ϶¶֮ɫ
û뵽ԼӮ
ɽӮġ
ö˵תͷĿԶһ¥
¥֮ڣһŹӣһŵղźǰ˵ʲôˣ
ŵҸôܴܻɽλǰ
Ƴһۣٺ˵ˡ
ָǻУָʦΪǵ
λʦдȻʣҲЩССջ
Уȴûжϲ
һ˵Ľţ·ʲôõҪһ
˿̣ĳſڡ
һӰվΡĳǽ֮£Ϸġ֣˿߽š


207 ĸݵ
ɽɵʦڣ˶þȵ쾪
ô뵽ƽǼʽеķȫõɽ
Ƕ쾪˽⣬û¡
ҲãȻһҲգȷʤˣǼ֮УΨһսʤɽġ
ʱɽһλʦԾ̨ϣ˵죬ɽ
쾪ոսʤһλѣ緢ʱһЦ˵ɣҿûн
ʱ
쾪¸̨
һˡ
ɽɱɣʵҪһߣʵ֮УҲǵ׵ġ
ܴ֮ŵָ㡣
ԼӦԣڽЩˡ
λʦ쾪ĿУ֮ɫʧ
ղŻӶ࣬ĽѾԽûɻ磬Ͼղǰܸġ
ɵĽʵûоԵǿ
ʦ֮ıԣʤ븺ܶʱҪٳӦԡ
ȥд裬˲ٹע쾪Ҳûע⵽ų̂¹սתԶС¥ȥ
С¥һ¥쾪̽ŵСѣ֮ӦǼʽɽ
ŵ˼Ƭ̣˵ɽƽɽеѶȣǰԽɽɽϡ
쾪ϸ˼֮ĿиֳһĨɫ
ϾǽʦԼղû뵽ŵ㲦֮Ѿ
ɽ⼸ʽɽϡ

ʱʮ߳С¥
ſڶ¥ϣɴ۾ŵָʦ
ֻܿصڡ
Ȼǰȥ֮󣬾ղŰܸλɽǰս
ڶϳ·˸ˣոտͱƵλɽɵʦڽڰˣûκλ֮һ֮ǰȫ̱ѹƵĻ
˿ˡ
µļλʦҲ¶Ȼ
ɽɽôϣý⼸ʽɽƵģ쾪뵽ƽ֮ղΪʲôã
Ȱܺʤͬ飬ѾΡ
̲סԶС¥
òһλʦ͵͵ָ쾪ɣ
쾪ǽʦ˭ָ
Īλǰ
Ҳֻǵǰֱ¡
Ǳֻǻɡ
쾪Σÿһ֮ͻǰС¥ٴγʱ򣬾ܷΪʤʵ˲òɡ
գ˶һۣͬʱС¥ȥ
쾪æλȥ
ģȻеǰڴˣôҲΪ
Ͳˡ
Ȼǰڴˣвݻ֮񣿡

һС¥Ҫݷλи쾪֧еĵǰ
ȻС¥֮ڣûʲôǰ

˿˫̥ã̾ǵ츳
ᣬ˫˫˵ľȴûһˣܺᲢۡ
λɽɵʦ쾪ʵλǰأ
쾪ָָŵ˵˵λǰ
ɽλʦ쾪˵Цˣλǰɡ

Ϊ˱ʾԼǸ⣬ŵ԰磬д⼸λʦ
˵ĳӣŵġ
ϣλʦţΪĵǰȻһλˡ
κΪûС
쾪ûбҪƭǡ
ûκΪȴͨɵĽڼʱ֮ڣҳƽ֮ԣֱδţЩʦҲ
ϧǣˣȻû츳
ǺεȵĲ
һ츳ϵĳɾͣҲԶǡ
ڽգһλӵоԵţ˴óԵһپ硣
ϯŵʵ֪λǰ齣
֪סջ֮ŵôأλǰǲĻʱס˴ģ˴ţҲǰǽ
԰Ȼʼ԰֣ҲС԰֮ͷмʮ䡣
λʦҲûоܾ
ȷһĽ֮
ˣͲСڣӴ˴£ܺǵθڡ
Сһ޽ģǱָָǣҲǳˡ
תһ룬˼๫Ľˮ׼Ҫ̣Ҳûпڡ
ٺüλʦ֮ŵʹӺ뿪ˡ
ϾһѣЩҲӦġ
뿪֮󣬼λʦ̲ס
˾˵ԣȻû츳ʵ̫ϧˡ
λСʼ䲻֣ͣΪģֶֻù
ҿǣһϤĸо
ȻϤˣǲ֪λСŮ
ѹ֣ĸŮ

֮֮У˭˲֪˭˲
һ״ӣʮ֮䣬̤ʦ֮ϣɲܱȵġ
Ȼ֮Ϊ겻ŸµĻ£ܾһλڵţȴ˽ɽһλû츳ӳס
֪ʲôԭֻصڣҴȥһŮ
ٴεõϢʱѾΪʦ
²ˣŮŮҲѾôˡ
ŵӼ˻صθ
εĿģѾɹɡ
ɣһλʦĽٹϰġ
˺Ÿ裬صԼԺӡ
ȤˣⱲӶٻȥ
ŵʦָ㣬ο
ȵҲΪʦҲǸŮˡ
ƿԼķš
һŮվڷУǽϵĻﻹŵ͸
Ů˶ʮͣŮϸ壬µĺۼ
ͷˣĿͬĵ档
Ů˵һ̣΢΢һ㶣·һˮͷ£еĻ롣
ɫˢһ²Ұףͷ˫ֲ֪


208 үĸĳν
ŵӻص䣬׼´һ
Ϊ˱˺Ȼ룬⽫Źˡ
ϣŸոǣӵ֣ڴ˵һС
Ϣ֮
飡
ֱӶϿɫ԰׵˴ܽ
һֵĶ㵽ŵμץŵ·ˣ
ŵûм첻µزµ˾ų˲úƽŵˣʵ׷ʲô飬˭ˣ
Ļ£΢ĽŲڶ
һŮˣ߽
ŮĺƯͿȥʮƤϸ۰𪣬ȥŮ죬ֻü֮䣬һ˿ɷ
ŵһʶ֮ʮ겻Ůˣʵ䣬Ӧʮҡ
ȻǵһμŵһֺϤĸо
鵭Į߽֮󣬱ӵĿ⿴ŵ
μ˿Ůˣ΢΢һ૵ʦ
ŵУҲֳ֮ɫ
ӵʦǡ
ĸˣ
Ĵɱˣ
Ů˵Ŀ⣬ڴŵƿߵμˣƽϣ¶Щ֮ɫ

θ
֮ڡ
Ϸλ֮ϣŹȣһŮˣ纮˪ʵ㻹ʲô
ŮϣҪҵŮ
ϷùȺݺݵõ棬˵μҵŮ
Ů˲δĿˣƽʵ㻹Ҫ㵽ʲôʱ򣿡
һĬĬĴŵ߳ɫ԰׵վ󣬵ͷһԲҲյ档
Ϸ˵ʮּᶨҲ˵ġ
Ů˿Ҳû˵ǾҴ߼ˣǵҺԼõģҲϻ̸ܳ
Ϸùָ棬˵ȥǸʸҽл
һλμԣ̴Ҵҵ˳ȥ
ڶʮǰһϱ֮䣬ͻ˴ìܣʮȥ࿴ᡣ
Ϸ˲һңѾ߲ţʱ뿪
֮ڣʱİ
˵ͷȻ
Щӵһãȥ
μ˾վǵİϤӰһʱ֪Ӧȥԡ
δĸס
Ǵȴľʦ
ûϡ
ҲܳΪһϸӡ
Ůվߵμߣ֣ʵЩ꣬Ļ𣿡
μ˲֪˵ʲôЩӱܵƿߡ
Ů˿˵ңҲ㣬ǵΨһǼ޸Ǹɵӵİ취ǵĵںǣҾҵŮ޸һɵӣ
ɵӾվμߣû˵ʲô
Ůʼնμ˵֣˵ߣһߣԺУҲسˣ
μ˳˱ס֣棬סŵ֣˵Ҳߡ
Ůüͷ
û뵽겻Ҳѧ
ʱҲܵŵ˵ҲߣҲˣ
Ů˵Ŀ⣬õɨӡ

СƴӵҲ
úúá
Ů˲ŭЦ˵֣Ϊܻס𣿡
Ļ£ŵͲһǿֱӵ˳ȥý֮Լһ¿϶ˤĹǺ
Ӱͬʱ׷˳˽ŵŭָŮˣŭʲôʦ۸һˣ
μ˵ŵǰȻû˵ʲôȴ̬ȡ
Ů˴ӷ߳ĿŮ
̥ʮµŮȻΪһˣѡ˺
˿̣У˷ŭ֮⣬һ˿˵ı
ı𽥱ƽת˻ȥ
˽ŵĿŵʵû°ɣ
֪ĸһֱϲղŰжʲô
ŵ䣬΢Цû¡
ʱһӰ񱼽ܿˣʵˣأ
ָָ档
ܿ첽ȥߵһ룬Ų
˽ȥűǵӰ촽˶
Ů˵΢΢һʶתתһͣ
Ժ棬ŵͷһۣתȥ
֮ڣܿŮˣʵЩ껹𣿡
ŮתͷûпûĸףҹĵȻã
촽˶û˵ʲô
ĸ׵һֱϲΪûдҹӡ
ɹˣҲϲĸ׵Ĺ̡ܽ
һĸףһӣм䣬ΪѣֳĽ֡
࿴ܣʵ㵽ǲǼ˵ĸףΪʲôҪ޸һɵӣ
ܽ͵ɵӣֶֻΣɵ͵һϻۣոڿƾ״Ԫ
ŭн죬ģõҲգ
һʱԡ
Ƭ̺˵Ҫ˺ߡ
ܶȻУѾ޸ŵǵĸܺã㲻ܲɢǡ
飿
ҵĸ鲻𣬲ڵĽ֣ʲô飬ʲôʲôﺣɽˣȫǼٵģ츳ӦһУճΪʦͻƵĿܣ
ٴԶԡ
֮£Ը񣬱ĸΪˡ
ֻܵǡǲһ
൭ǲһеģľǷܳΪӣǷҲΪΪҵϾ𣿡
һ˵ľ顣
ŭĿ࣬ŭôڵľģĸףôô
ͬŭʵȻأ޸һɵӣٵһҸ
˵˶סһУұʹ˻֮󣬴Уֻû뵽Ȼʲôûиǡ
޶ˣǷŭѡ
Ҫȥֲᡣ
һߣ´μǶʮ֮
ҪǿдŮ뿪¶ģŲȴʼûȥ
ʱȻһҵĽŲԼһʣϮ͢ٵͽ־ܣ
΢΢һ㶣첽߳䡣
ֻµԱһӽԺڡ
Ϊ׵Ĵ¹Ա㵵Ŵˣǡ
˱ȭɫ˵½ӵһŮϮ͢٣׽ô˹鰸
һãȻ˭Ϯ͢ˣĸ͢٣
ϮģŮԱˣϮһŮӣ£ؿСɽı־
߳š
ĿһƲָ˵Ϯ˵ͽǴŮ£


209 
վԭأЩ
ĸϮŮµץˣⶼʲô飿
˵Ŵˣǲʲô᣿
ʲôᣬ˴˵ɡ
˻֣£
ҪǰһһǿϢѹȶŭǸң
徳ʵǣ
ʵҪܲ
໹˵ʲôס˵ȱ˵
ǽ֮Уʦλߡ
͢ɲʲôʦ
ԣûܹܵǳǿֵĵط
´ǳ͢һܲ鷳ˡ
ͷ˿Ե˦˦֣Ȼûٿڡ
ܿ˵Һһȥ¡
ȭлδϡ
߳θʱʵŴˣ˭ģ
ϮˣȻҲˡ
һ㶣ŭȢŮץң
ŭܣʵ㿴ü˼޵ʲôˣ
üġ
ӵƢȻá
ŵǿϳԿˣ
ʹһȺĶӣ˵ɱɱ治һһμĸ
ˣʵˣղŵ׷ʲô飿
ڻµġ
ڵʱ򣬶ô磬Щʦʦãûһġ
ЩʦʦҲ
ʲôʱôĿ
飬ǰδеĳ
ղŵԭԭ˵һ飬ʵŵû˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûС
˿ֻҪŵû˾ͺá
˵Ҳ˵СҲСȫŵ׷׷
ô˵ҲǼ˺˵ĸףȵ˾ͺˡ
һ˺ܿ쵽˴¡
Ϯ͢ٵ౻ʱѺûйڵΣʱѺڹԱľѺҡ
ʱӣȻ˵ŵأ
ҡͷ֪
ֿμˣ˵ˣȽŵɡ
ĹؼŵֻҪԸ½⣬˲һ仰顣
μ˵˵ͷתȥ
վη֮⣬ηڵӰо˼ʹĸо
ٺ٣Ҳбؽȥʱ
һֱֻء
ԭҲˡ
μ˺ܿȥ
ŵθҲңȥˣŵûڣȻǹˡ
ǹģ
ֻá顱һη֮ڣһ˲ķѡ
ܣ˵δˣĻӵ⡣
̾˿ʵأ
ڲڴ¡
ܵģȥὫηˣֻõŴˣѱҲؽȥɣΣա
˿̡

ĳУڸһλŮüŮȻ볣죬ȴûбı仯ĿҲΪ͡
ŵаһߣµĻ֪ĸѾˡ

ɲ¡
˵ﻰܾˡ
ŵԼ̬жôãղǸ治š
ڣѾλʦĻˣЩ񣬻ûںϵļںϵŵĻҪߡ
Ӧ
ŵϻȥ
һѵõ徻֮ء
иָĻؿܣжǻŮӣŵ
СʱŵƵ߳
ܼҿһ
ҽĸץεģү֪ĵһ
ܿʻ˴ſڣŵո߽£һηﴫŭ
ѡŮ
Ҫ㵱ŵôӣ
ǲü˼޸ģһΣ˺ˣҶҪߣ

ŵոߵԺתͷſȥ
μ˺˸μ˲û˵ʲôŵһ
֪ŵΨһľݣĸߡ
ŵߵӣʵӣ㲻Ұɣ
μҡҡͷ
ҲϿ顣
ֻҪӲŵûʲôùǵġ
ﲻڣҰĵط
ʵȥ
θ϶ǲܻȥˣŵɡ
ץ䣬˵ҲҪȥ
һΣŵû˵ʲô
ղŵĶ޳ˣӣŵ治ľܾ
ʱڡ
Ѿص˴£ľ֮ߵǴηǰ˵š
Ŵ򿪣򸾸ڴߡ
ŭݣջص飬һʱƽ
ηŴ򿪣߽ǵӰϵŭݸʢ
ڵþòˡ
վ׽ҿɲ㣡
δƽϣĿܣ˵ǿˡ
ȵȣмҪ̸
ηſڡ
µĹת뿪
࿴˵Ӻͼ˺룬ǲʺϡ
ҡҡͷ
ŭеľǽû취ΪҲܽ𣿡
ڵǱ´ͻ飬˭ҲǺġ
ʲô
һĿܣ΢΢ͷ˵Щ飬˵ģǻؼ˵ɡ
ǣ֣˦˦ֱۣû˦Ҳǣˡ
߻θһ·֮ϣ˭û˵
θ
ĳ֮ڣŷϤһУĿиֳһ˿׷֮ɫЦôôЩˣûĻһ֪黭ͨĴҹ㣿
ֻǿûпڡ
౻ĪĻңͷƿʱһɰ
ǺɰѾõĺƾɣϺܶ˿ѿɰ㲻þ£ŵԧͼҲª
࿴ֻɰ˲Ů棬ŮĲ
ֻɰʵĺɰ㣬㻹ţ
֣˵λˣͲҪ˺òã
̧ͷһ˲İ֮
飡
һϮȻϡ
ʵ֮ϣȻ꣬Ժе֦ͩڿоҵҡҷҶӣʱУʱˤ桭
֮󣬷ͣЪ
һƬǽ壬ձϴ
ٴδ򿪣һŮ֣߳
Ůüɷȥ϶˼ᣬͷ˵ʱҲ֪ҥԣֻǲǵŮ޸һɵӡ
֣˵ⲻ㣬ңͲӦú׮Լ
æҲ㣬Ҳû뵽
ԼҲɷܹ˭أ
˲䣬뵽˴𰸡
¶ŭɫ˵Ǹף壬ͬţΪĻʵ۵߹գǼҲڵӣ


210 
Ȼ޶ûд黹ǱһǱ˴ˡ
Ȼˡ
ˣ⴫Ǹɵӵҥԣ޶ҲΪԼ
ûΪǻͲֿ
ǲֿܱ㲻ɢ
ҲŮ껪ؿչʮꡣ
˶ѡԵĺ˵⣬еԭ򣬶鵽ϡ
һ֮󣬷޶˺ͺ
εǣ֣˶һۣиոϨĻ棬һȼ
飡
ٴιϡ
ãڴ
ʲôѾ˼ˣҪȢһŮˣ
ʵ۴ͻ飬ʵ۴ͻҲУ
ƾʲôƽϣаҵĸƾʲôҪŮ
˲ҵĻˣ˶ˣȻ˵ǲǷˣⶼΪ
ԭԭҵ飬ҵǸ
Ůӷŭûãͱĵ

ոһ꣬Ŀ˼֡
ŵſڣ
Ľȫҵģڷй籩꣬ŭİ޲ʾеĻ̿벻֮󣬷ͣסɢһжƽ
ҡҡͷ˵вУҵܣȻһᱻץȥģ
ϸһ£ԼԼղʲô
ű˵治ĻǷӡ
ҪڣǵñһµĽղɡ
ߡ
ҪȻ϶ᱻץڳס
ǣ֮ǰҪŵĻû
ôţӰԺ߽
һ£̶½㵽ŵ
ŵʱϣ̲ס¶ŭ֮ɫǿѹסеŭʵأ
˶ŵ󣬾ȵĿĸס
ؽˣȻûзŭ
ң˿ǰ̫һ
ƺǰһЩ
ҲÿЩ
ô󣬻ûмĸס
ŵڴ¡
ȥ
ŵû˵ʲôתȥǵڻеʱ򣬾ΪӶ»ԼȻϵǳȥҲӦõġ
֮ڡ
һǰ㣬¶֮ɫãˣ㵱ûм޸Ҳᡭ
ŵվſڣһĻ
ܼ˵ĸȥģȵ߳õʱŵʵﵱ꣬ôģ
˵壬Ҳɼʱ屾ͺˣ˼ҽǸʱ򣬳ҽȴûһԸһ鳼ӡһУ
Щ飬ܼûиҲܸ
ĸ뿪֮ȴû뿪
ԶԶĿˣ˵
˵ͷսľ߹˵ǰЩ⼸£㽫Ĺȫˡ
Ѿ˱һ׼ȴûʲô𱸵Ļ
࿴¶һ˿֮ɫ˵Ϊ˲٣ʱ䣬ûиУѵá
μˣԭأþûл
ˣ
Ǵ͵ܳģȻһûУ⻹
Բ˽
òᣬҲһһģһĽðɣ
ʱߵμǰ֣һʱ֪οڣòŵˣﵱûд𣿡
μҡҡͷ
һޡ
СʱЩ١
֪ǳͻˣľĹϵûκεĺ⡣
ȻҲû̫׽
ãûдߣһ˵顣
ȻĻ๫˵๫ˡ
ŵΪǼĸ֮󣬾ͻ뿪
ǾȻԺûһҪߵӣŵֻ÷Ը˵ķˡ
Էʱŵ࿴ĸۡ
УҲĳֻɡ
ⲻĸ˵˫̥ðɣ
ҪȻͬһˣôô̵ʱ֮ڣôĸı䡣
֮ǰһڵ˵ĸϻ
һĹ򣬾ǻ˸ˣ˵ϸϸڳԷʱ򣬻˺˼вˣ͸ղżֱˡ
ѵǱץһˣʵˣ
ŵ˶һۣӶԷ￴ɻ
֪ǲܼǰţԹ󣬸ҲӴ»ˡ
ԺڵͤУ֪˵Щʲô
˶ڷ䣬ǽҪ͵ʲôûӦ˸ϡ
ҲѲ
Ժʯԣ۲˵ʱ촽΢С
ǰؽյʱģͻʦһЩһ飬ǽ̴ģЩ꣬ÿҪ죬ѧ˴
С֮ͤڡ
࿴˵ҪųϢǶƭˣҲߣ̼ľԣ飬ףԹҡ
˵ͷĻʾϿɡ
˵ľʮӰ֮£һľǿߣΪڵĺ޷ΪҴڽӴӦɣ
ٴεͷ
ڣԼ˵츳еľǼпܴ߾ģΪӣ̫ϧ
˼һ֮˵üȥɽС
ҡҡͷ˵´ͻ飬ûֹܹ
˺з֮ȴ޷֮ʵĻԼѡģ˴˼޵ңеһķҲǵҵϱⱾҲӦġ
۾
ƳһۣҲ˵˭֪޵Ǽ˻ˣ
ƫͷһԺУʵԸ𣿡
ԼСŮʲô˼ޱ˵İɣ˭Ը⡣
ӸղŲδ˵飬ܿʵ㲻˵ڣлԼ
˰֣˵ֻһԸҿûӦ
ûһ˳ȷдӦ뷨
ԼȻһʧܵĻˣҸ
˵츳ǿ
츳ٺãȵ״Ԫ
УԼɷѾˣȴһ״Ԫǡ
ֻ赶ŪĴֱôȵϻᵯ٣ửдʫ״Ԫɣ
ܶԼһ㣬ɻŮ
Ϊ˽Ůĸף˻ʱ⡣
Լѡ๫
Ҫǵ飬Ҳӡ
һУֻе鶼ػ졣
ŵԺʯԣƳһۣ˵Ȼˡ
ŵʵôô죬𣿡
˵ͷԼ½ǣ˵ȣ𡭡


211 Ŀ
Ҳͬ⡣
μ˱Ȼƽȴɡ
Ȼͬ⣬ͬûá
࿴μˣʵԸΪ
μ˵˵ͷ
УȻռҪĵλ
Щ˺£иҪ
໹˵ʲôܿڴѾˣԼ뷨ĸģͲҪٲˡ
ŵǣȥһεĸо

Ѿ˳׼
ȴһûϡ
ûץȥ顣
˳ԺƺͱĲˡ
һ١
θǲȥˡ
ŵܲסң
ŵ˵ʲôҵĿշ࣬ס¡
ŵҲһ˴˶˳۵ĸһ£θסȥˡ
ôȥڵ뷨
ҪȻŵ֪ⳤ˭˵㡣
ӲҲûʲô
ǻа
ʱ
ѡǵĸڣԭӵԺӣסһѾˡ
ҹŵڴϣ˼һЩ飬Ȼߴ
๫
ţ
μ˳ĬƬ̣˵ȥһڡ
ŵתͷʵΪʲô
μڱ֣˵ǵĺӡ
ΪºĹʼĵǿߣʣֻԼͻƵ򼸺ܻС
ŵԽȴı䲻ʡ
ֻȥһڣҲûʲô
ֺγӵкӵĺӣ
ŵ֣˵ȵ֮˵ɡ
μ˹ɵĵ˵ͷ
ŵĶͷЦ˵İɣܼˣ˵Ժһ̥

ڶһ磬ŵϴ֮󣬴ȥλʦ
˵ѾõòˣҲܹӲţһʦʵޣǱ󣬻һɣཻЩû
ߣ۹ۡ
Ӻ벻ͬɵʦдд裬Ҳкô
˸ո߳һӰӭ
ɷȥˣ಻θ˼ȥƺҲֻҼ˺ˡ
˿ܵŵ㡣
࿴ʵҪţ
ŵһᣬͿԱܿȻˣҲֻܴһ
һ·֮ϣͼ˵Żƺǿⲻŵ
ŵҲֵС
͵԰ӣΪ԰
ŵ߽԰ȣԶĿյ֮ϣվżӰ
ĽŲȻһ١
ڣҲֻʮλʦ
ȴλ
ĳ⣬ûһţӵλϵʦ
ŵǰ˱ȭ˵λǰ
ҲЦźŵ˸кĿŵһŮӣ΢΢һ֮󣬷׷ױȭ
չ
ճϡ

ʱᣬͷǿ߶룬ǶڵʦȻİ
λʮ֮䣬ʦţʶģҲʲô
һУѾʮû뿪ˣڳҲʵ⡣
ȻҲʶǣɽִϣɵĽʦһλȻʶҲʦʵ
Լ˻֮ʵλô
쾪͵ҵԼڴ˽뾹ճϣճôҲˣ
൭ɷͺڳҲ𣿡
졣
˵ճϺɷѣѵԲʵ
ǵļ£Ϊˣǲùʡ
֮󣬼˼ղŵıԡ
ŵᣬһôལʦʵףȻʮλʦ޽Ĳ࣬ҶеŽ岻
̨д轣ҲЩڻɽɵʦɽɵʦ֮ҲһԾϣ˵Ҳǻɽ
ղѧǽʦڻɽȻҲʮϤ
ĻɽںµĽУһЩµı仯Ԥϣʹʱ·硣
ܿ뵽Ӧ֮ߣнб任ͽưأ·硣
һĻΧ۵ļλʦпѡ
ʮɾʦĲţٳ䣬˶߱
Ƭ֮
Ĺƣ̨£һݣķڷճϽտĳԶҲ
òкڵǿֵ߽Ļᣬ˵ȻŹ쾪ֵ̨ɽ쾪ճָ̡
ŵվ̨£ۿЩʦһһİˡ
ӽ˵ĸˣȷһȼġ
ǵĽȻҲ仯Ҳûɽķ롣
ĸ˵Ľں˶Ž
Ҫʤ뾫ͨ⼸Ž֪·ĿƹϵһҪٳӦ
쾪ߵŵߣʵСѣճϵĽΣƽ֮
ŵȻٳ䣬Ȼв
ոջɽɵʦԣüղ˵ʲô˵ҵĽ㶮ʲô
쾪в죬ճƺһ㶼˽λŮ
ڳλʦ˭˵Լ
λʦȻڿ֣ɽλʦЦλСȻûΪԽĸ򣬾ҵҲҪգճǲţԷԽһ
ԣҲϻָԼļͷ£ֽеĽӸŵ˵ҵҪû˵ô
ŵֽӹʦԣɵ˲ŻӦ
һӡΪʦֻ۽ɣҲ塣
ڽϣĸԼ˽Լ
࿴˵ɡ
ŵֱ̧㹥ûгʦľ飬Ըһ߶㲻ϵòʲô
ܿ죬Ͳò
ȻĽٲ죬Ҳʵڵ꣬ڲ£Ӧԡ
Ҳ˼ǣղźͼλʦʱʼռࡣ
ŵıУûнĻᡣ
Ľô仯Ľ벻ĽǶȣܵλá
ѧʮ꣬ǵһδô
Ľרſһ
౻ƵýڽڰˣһеĽֱɡ
ŵĽǰλã˼˵ĸˣˡ


212 ˵Ŀɽ
ʦڽϣȻһˡ
ķʽ
ýָźŵҲʦΪѾˡ
ţҧҧ𽣣˵
һΣȸղŸ棬һԴĽԹΪͼʤ
ĵƣںǼλʦԵʱûжù
ԸǼˣûжõƵıҪ
ȻŵƺܿĽУô仯Ӧԡ
һС

ԵʱҲûָо
ֻʵѹ
˿̣ŵڼϽĵ
µļλʦҲĿɿڴ
֪Сһڽϣž˵ԡ
ճϣʣԣֺγǰĽţ
һ̣ᵽԭ֮䣬ҲôĲࡣ
˸ǿı͡
ôû뵽ȻȲ
Ҫ֪֮Уߵģֻ۽ʦõʦǣҲĶ֡
һĻУȻһʹĸо
Сжĸ׵η壬ƺҲࡣ
ϣĹƣתΪء
ŵĽƣȴԽԽ
һλʦûôɡ
ĸˣģŵᡣ
ģŵҲᡣ
ո̧֣ŵ֪ҪһʽУרŹı֮
Ƭ̺
࿴žֻаĽ⣬򷢰׵촽
ԭĽ
ȫʸ˵仰
ŵ𽣣һЦ˵ĸˣ˼ֵˡ
ð
˸ո˷ܵĽгĸסԼ졣
λʦҲڻع񣬻ɽɵߵŵߣ˱ȭ̵ʵĳԴ˼ʽ֪Сѿɷָָ㣿
ŵǷ˼һЩ飬Ц̸ָϣܺͼλǰֽ̽ҡ
ԼߣΪֺǫ˽⡣
λʦλ˵ۣѾﵽһ۷塣
չʾһ׽С
ŵȻûһΪǶڽ⣬ںڳλʦڽиΪļ⡣
ָ⼸ʽмӵС˺滻С
Լλʦ裬ȻҲֱܷĳָ֮һ׽ΪԭȵСҲʧ׽лȻһ壬˿ƴռ
ۼϲʤȥһϰµĽ༸ˣҲ׷סˡ
ϷҲһ׽СѰָָ
Ϸ򣬻Ϸ򣡡
СѸղ˵ô࣬һ˰ɣȺȱ衭

࿴żλʦŵӵм䣬Ƕ˲ǵˮӣһ
ʦûһʦķȡ
˿̣ŵĿ⣬ҲȻһЩ仯
ָʦȻûκ츳֮УҲǻᱻɱ
ʦɵգѾǷ켫
ÿ˶ԼĵǵģҲδڽϣָ̫㡣
ָʦˣȵҪϡ١
Ȼ²ۣʮ⼸λʦ
̲סһʣԴһ׽
ƺǴʦģزٵĹ̡
ôȥʣ
ɫһһס
ŵ˿ڲ裬ڼλʦ⣬ϸµĽ𣬱ϾҲվǵļ֮ϣ͵ǻǵˡ
˸ѰһյϰŵֿʼӺˡ
ɽѾˡ
ŵڶǵ彣
ŽǸոսӴеľСľ彣
彣ʵѾʮ־տˣСɣֻһ֮ң
ŵ彣裬ĸеҲľץ֮ŵɹĻȡ彣
ڵʱ˸ϲŵ
ͬ彣
ˣҲǴʮҲû£ڣʱҪʼͷˡ
ʱĿһƲŵڶ˶ֶš
ȻվȻʶָ
ָֻ㣬ְֵĽ̡
˽ģ
һ;㣬档
һŽľ裬ҪԼģ̣ҲĹ̡
ôһʱôһ
ʦҲܾͨеĽ彣ô彣أ̫彣أɽأ
ôֹʣֻ
ԣô彣ģ
𾪵Ŀڸʾ彣ŵ彣ôʮ彣Ҳضá
װɵʮ꣬ʲô
ǰŵô彣ģ
ŵſ˵֣˵Լѧģ𣿡
Լѧģ
彣Լѧ̶ֳȣЩνĽţҿ鶹ײˡ
еĽ˵㲻ܺѧ
һ£޵Ϊʲôѵֻܽ̽𣿡
üΪãеĶ̸ˣԴ𣬲Լ˼Ժô죿
󷹡
ʦģֻҪףˮղ
ҪףӶˮնٲãҪԼ˼⣬ֻʧвϵܼԼĸ
ȵȫ֮Ժ󲻹󼸸˷ࡣ
ǰǣҪԼķŵãֽιֻҪˣʹԱˣǲԼ
ڹں
Ȼ˵ԺԽҰ
һܽ彣ܽ㻪ɽ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ԡ
ĸùʩչһ׻ɽ
ԶԣĬ
Ļɽʹı
˶˵ܽͻɽ
ŵһʹɽɽɽ̩ɽɽɽ
࣬ʵ𣿡
ûˡ
ඪһ䣬Ǭת뿪


213 ͨĵ·
԰
С֮ͤУŵְֵĽ̼˺
ֻܽһֽںǡ
̵һʱҲ̵һһֱǽ̵ʦûʲô˵ˡ
ʲô㲻棬ܱһ㣬˭ԸԼԴĿࡣ
ĳһ̣˵ϣһ΢
֪彣ȻСɡ
Ѿʮ彣ޱʵֻһŵĸ
౾ԼͻƵģһѧϰµĽʱ˾飬ѧϰܸӵӦ֡
Խ彣ľ裬ɽʱΪˡ
Щ˶ܽ
һĬĬжŵѾԸӡ
ǵһҲΨһһ޻˵ˡ
ЩŵʦҲðײãŵ˳ǣָָӺˡ
Ըṩ֪ʶٳӦ䣬ǵÿԼ
ʦѹ֮£ܸĽӦʵս
ŵôС󣬼λʦȻȻӦ
˼ҵģס˼ҵģ˼ָ㣬Ƿ˼ô飬иԳ
õʵλʦΪ̾
С츳ճ֮°
Сָ㣬ǳɾʦʱ䣬ҪԶճϡ
ʮʦûмÿһλնܽ
λδڰʱգһλġ
ǺǣŵСڽ֮⣬ҲôߵԣλСпʮ֮ǰĵϡ

ż˵Ļŵ¶ɻ󣬿һڵɽʦʵǰ˻ν⣿
绹δڣ쾪ЦŽ͵ﵽʦרһţҲɼ֮ʦģˣһר޽֤ģ·֮ɵġ
ŵҲ˲伮ʦҪҪ޽
ϲû˵һַ
ŵʵν·֮
ΣɽʦڵǹꪣԾȭָצ·ѧһͨ½Ǽ·֮
ѹûַ
ǹꪣԾȭָצ·ѧһͨⲻ׵սʿ
һ;ɽ
бûͬıкܴĲͬ
ܰһѧףǺˣֱ·ѧͨǴǳԣ޵ڣ顣
ŵˣʵʷϣ·֮𣿡
쾪˵ͷ˵ݼأһλʥ˳ɾʥģǧһģҲֻλʥ˵ױչ¶ߵԣκһŴδӴѧֻһ£ȫͨһ
ŵ𾪣һ㡣
רһ츳
ڳҪǾԡ
һ·ԵҪ󣬸ߵ˷ָĵز
һʱ䣬ͨһŽѾеţٻʮ꣬ͨ·Ǿͨ
֮󣬷½ȥѧȭֵһʮ꣬⻹Ǳ
츳ߣδȭ츳ҲߣʮΪʦʮʮҲδسΪȭʦ
˵ȭѧˣҪѧֱ·ѧǳΪ
йУǿãҪͨ˸һЩҲ꣬ǽģ֮ϴ裬Ҳʮء
꿴ƺܳҪø·ѧﵽʦ裬ȻԶԶ
ŵ˳Ĭ
ø·ѧﵽʦ裬˵Ҳ򵥲顣
ð꣬üʮ꣬꼸¶ò
ǣû츳
ǿҲܸıһʵ
ôĶϣʵЩ˷ˡ
Ӻӵз䣬кѣ
ŵܿͰ̬
Ѿ㹻ˣܲеĺ£ռˣķ֮ϣͽӺˡ
ֻΪ·
ʱ԰ŵȥһ񲿡
¬ʢŵ뵽÷֮ڣһ裬˵Ļ£Ѿ׼ˣģһʱ
Щ飬оĹƣͰ༴ɣŵġ
˿ڲ裬¬ʢ˵¾ˣ񲿣Ϥһְ񣬲֪㣿
¬ʢæ㣬Ȼ㣬ȴϤϤ񲿡
ŵԱɣ¬ʢУŵĶͷ˾
ȴҰһϹٵļӡ
¬ʢĴ֮£ŵ񲿹˹䣬˳˵˵񲿵
֮˾ֱΪ˾˾ؼŲ˾ؼ˾
˾Ϊ˾˾Ҫ˾һЩϸԵ
ʽŲ͵ϵʳ˾ǺͽӴ
Ϊе¬ʢŵֱ˾ϣɺ飬˾УȻְλŵȴûеȨ
Աɵְ𣬾ǸУһЩ
񲿵ͷȴ£Ȼǿƾ١
ƾǳ֮ܳ͢κβƾ֮ʱҲæʱ
˿ƾ֮⣬ܵĴҲֱӸġ
Ȼ󣬾֯һЩּ֮顣
񲿻ƹǣоԱȨǻʼңǷʧʧǵΡ
֮֮ΪţеȨ޲࣬Ҳûˮ̣ҵҵɻκβûйͣ˲ӣر
Ϥ֮ŵص¬ʢ÷ִùһӣ˵¬ˣĸݵĵǹ񲿹ܰɣ
¬ʢ˵ͷ˵ҪڴĽۣ·뺣ɮµʿҲҪ񲿵ǼᣬڴĵһΪҪĹоڸ𡭡
ŵ룬˵ȻЩ񲿹ܣҾãЩɣҲӦüЩ꣬߷żʣ컯գд̳͢٣ٲԼԺ󻹲֪ɳʲô


214 ŵ
ŵĻ¬ʢһ㶡
͢ͽϵ
˵֮£ĪľڵɣҲӦܵس͢ĹϽ
ϣȭͷǵ
ǰڣǿʥλһ֮һСôӵطٸḶ́ܽ
˵ˣ˵ʵﵽʦɷѾˡ
ֻҪͳ͢濹⣬һλʦܹ׵Ϯɱ͢߼ԱȻԶǧ͢û취
֮ǰһңŸոܵ˵Ĵɱ
¹ѻ𣬵һѻҲյ̫
͢Ҫֽ£һǱţľڣؽ
ʱⲿٳ룬͢ºӦԡ
񣬴½ƷƱãڲԲš
ȻĻ֮ǰʷܻݡ
ǰһ֮ңȻ͢ճɹѹ֣Ҳʧأ룬̲˴ĲⲿȣǲҪ¶˵ĺá
¬ʢŵҡҡͷ˵֮£ûô򵥣һ͢ٶܻʱֶ԰գҲһѡ
ͳõĹϵŵ
ɣȻڴľڣȴڳ͢Ͻ֮⣬ɷԼ
һֻҪǲ԰֣֮ɱٸҲȥܡ
վڷҵĽǶȣŵȻϣκɷ֮⡣
ǵʵӵǿ֮󣬿ûмԸⱻԼ
ŵ˵ͷ˵¬֮Ҿǳǲܡ
¬ʢΪ˵ŵŵһתֵΪʹ͢޷ǶԼҲӦüǿɵϵֵĶǱϾһӴΪ͢ã޺
˵ô࣬û뿪ֽ
¬ʢ񻹲֪Ҫʲôֻ˵޶ۣ֪⣬ʾ
ŵҲˣֱ⣬˵񲿵壬ڳٿһִᣬĸǰԼ͢ͽ֮ϵǿձһЩ֣Ϊ͢ãٺò
¬ʢ㶣⡭
ŵʵô𣿡
¬ʢ˵ͷ˵£ǲס
ֻСС֣֮ڣ
˵еɣ۳ֻ̣ȿƾС
ɲһܾ飬Ҫ񲿳ﱸ֯죬ûѴάȣҪܰɵ顣
ңЩ˼Ҿͻ
ʱ򣬾һƺƴĳﱸֻһңǳ͢
Щ¹εˣһǻ飬Ҫһҵ飬ҵˣ̫ࡣ
ǰ¬ʢһļ򣬸˲ҪøԶҪһһӡȰԼķ֮¸ɺãЩ飬ȵԺʱ˵
ڴĶǰ÷˭˭С
ϣϹ١
ϹҪǲֻҪһΪһϹ١
¬ʢûй˼⣬˵дһߡӣҰȥܲܳɣͿʡͬͬˡ
ŵԼдߡһԡ
ÿ飬ȥҸװæҲе㲻˼
һλãˣ˼ֵ˵ѳֳʲôһá
ûʽְߡӣаݡ
ŵдߡ֮󣬵죬¬ʢͽµȥ
ݽ£㼯ʡɼλ˲ö
󲿷ֵľ˾
˾˵ģֻΪҪһģϳ֮ʱóðٹۡ
ʡ
˶һ£Щò⡣
ݣӦñֱӴȥ
ִᣬͳ͢ʲôϵ
͢ǳ͢ǽ͢ûвֽµϰߡ
οٰһ˹ģʢᣬҪӣ
ôľװ׻ôӣԳ͢ûʲôôЩʿۼڳΰѹ޴һ£˭Σ
ڳ͢˵ǰٺһ顣
ǻ͢ӣΪЩ¡
£¬ʢġ
Ҳ񲿵ˣӦ÷Ĵ󣬶֮ûн´ȥΪԱŵд¬ʢΪݽġ
ԱɣƷС٣˻
ԱɣҲֻֵһݡ
ɵģǸ̻ӵĵ
ͨߡӣһ⵽Ǻޡ
ͨɣ˲ƣû壬ⲻǺºҲᷴԡ
һԼǻὫ֮ۡ


ĸ֣ܰûôŵ鷳Ҳڲ˻߼˻ڵ顣
˿ɫһһá
ƺƢս
ˣЩ㲣ŵȥθĽʱɿ˺ȦأȻѾкüû˯ˡ
˺˶סŵǬཫĽҲʱ˹
˲ʹ壬˼µ֡
⼸죬춼
ʱһߵȴ۾գҲգĿ
ŵʱɣȡǲʲô⡣
Ͼҹݺֵʱ򣬳߶Ҳܴ
Ӳ廨ͻʱΪֺܹأûһ쳣ĶŵܿҲʹֵֹĻɡ
һӰ˽
ŵ¬ʢͤУʵ¬ˣǷߡӣн𣿡
¬ʢ˵ͷ˵پΪ¶
ŵЩź˵Ƿ飬ڳ֮ϣˡ
յ糯֮ϣһλˣ⽫Ƿߡõۡ
ȱʾԡ
ÿһξٰͻҪԹⲢԣҾִٰûΪɣе顣
ڶϡ
ʢĻҪ֯ͿƾٸոսûãΪ֣Ѿ˲ٹҲ˴顣
ǳʵȨĲţǷԣţҲ׷Ӧ
ô཭˻۳׸ѹСҲýĳأȻ£˶ಿŷԣ³֮¾ͱ˻
ŵԣֻ̾һ˵Ѿˣ͢ٵ⵽˾޴вɼط֮ϣҳʲôӣ취˷͢Ϊ鷳ͲΪӹı֡
Դˣ¬ʢҲ˵ʲô
ٴʵΪ֮
ЩòǬĹ˭ԸԼ
ֻڨڨһЦ˵͢Ҳг͢Ѵ
ŵҲûΪ¬ʢ˵֪ˣ׸ԣҲ˵ֻҪͬˣͲ˰ɣ
¬ʢ˵ͷ˵ԣҪ⼸ͬ⣬ͬˣ±ûʲô谭ˡ
˵˵ţȻ̧ͷŵ
⻰ʲô˼


215 ҲǷ
һλ¹Ա
¿״Ԫ֮ӣ׼Աɡ
ⲻĸˣһˡ
ƾͽˣ¿ƽʿίҲ·
񲿱ӣԱɣץʵµĹԱ˵æһնȱ
˵͢涨ְ£ΪسĽʿӦְд˷ֵ񣬿λεԱȴٳδֱǲ񻰡
ң񲿣Ҳʽְġ
д˶ƣλԱɴˣϤְģйԱҪú
ûʽְҲͲҪճ͢涨ʱã߾ߣޱȵɡ
ˣԭƷԱɣûԼ÷ġ
ԱɣԱɹһ÷
Ա֮ǰд˾Աɰ˳ȥŲԱɼһ䣬Ǽ÷Ϥְˡ
񲿵ٵģ񲿵үġ
񲿵ĴСΪôʲô⡣
ǵĵҲǻԱɸš
񲿣ĳ÷֮ڡ
¬ʢŵ˵ˣԺ칫÷ˣ㿴Ҫʲôȥ׼
ŵɨһۣ÷ɨǬǬīֽȰ칫Ʒһȱϰص鼮
֮󣬻һĴ󴲣ϵıͷµġ
ŵ˱ȭ˵л¬ˣûʲôҪˡ
¬ʢЦǱȥæˣҪʱҡ
¬ʢ뿪֮ŵһڿǰ
ϣһЩǿ
Уһϸ΢İţֱë
ŵȡһ
ǰ񲿣ȻǼŵˡ
ִٰ飬⵽˳мŵһ·ԡ
ִ첻ˣͻӰӺ˵мƻ
ֻһЩɣҲȷúúԼˡ
ɵĵӣŸΪɷΪļ̤ɷҲҪδᣬһ
Ȼһеǰᣬִܳɹľٰ졣
ŵø׳֣ʹͨ͢һ飬¸׵
ȻѾˡ
뱻˵ʲô¶
£ӦȳԼ
Լ˵
ŵе鼮
Ȿϣ涨һЩ񷨵ݡ
񷨸ϣ磬ͬȼĹԱӦóʲôʲô·ʲôΣʲô֣Щȷ涨ģԱȨ˽ء
֮⣬һЩ飬Ҳ񲿹ܡ
óٵˣٷ࣬ϳ˯ʧΪТ˳ĸӵʧ֮٣ҲмٽҷȨ
ǹԱ˽Գ¥͢䲻ᳫҲʲôص飬ʵҲǹ񲿹ܵġ
Ϊ̫ԵˣԽȨ£񲿹ԱŭҲԡ
ŵЩһһ£Ȼ뿪񲿡

飬ڳٿִ飬ųᣬϷ֮󣬳ǺܿһǬ
ʡ
˶յ񲿵һߡӡ
λˣÿ˸һģ񲿡
ߡ˵нάңޣǰ븮еңŽάĳ谮ޣ
ֱüͷ
ޣ檣檱дɷеġ
ޣ·ϣ
˵Ѷϼ£Ⲣǻеļ£ޣΥ񷨣ҲǷΪ͢٣Ȼ·ϣΪ֮ϣһĨȥ۵㡣
ߡ·ʡºʵ֮ٶԻӦĳͷ
üͷһߡӣüͷĸ
һߡӣǵеġ
еļûг޵鷢ӣԸźеĸסҵĺլУȴеĸףᵽһСլֻһѾߣչӡ
ǲТ·ϸء
ТԱѧϰʮʱ򣬻ѧϰйТĵʡ
һĸĸТָԹжôҳϡ
з޴˾٣ΪݣȻ񲿵ߡӵˣҲܵû
·ʡ˲ºַµߡӡ
񲿵ġ
һⵯ¡
ĻǻԱ
ߡӵƣĹԱְƷϣܼлŮ֡
Ǳʹ⣬ƷĹԱŮֲܳˡ
Աϲ÷ţϼҼˣƽڼС裬͢ҲģļҲŮ֡
ҲأԻɵĹְֻҼˣȴλơ
û˾ٱҲûʲô¡
һ˾ٱʡͱ봦
һߡӣãǻ
Դ컹ͱ˻ѡ
Ҳ֣֪ǺæģпչЩС£Īǻ񲿵Ĳ񲿵Ĳ
Ҳûʲô


һ磬߽÷һ֮ɫ
檲͵飬֪ôģ񲿸֪ˡ
Ϊ飬˰µٺ»ְͣ£úùܽС檡
죬ʡگ飬ֱӷļ
ûзҪȻͶˡ
ְͣºͷµٺ»άںʡΪֱگͷᱻֱдӰ쵽պǨ֮·
ְͣµ飬ʵ֪ɡ
£Ĳ£͵жˡ
ά߽ɵ÷Ҳվ
ɲڣʵˣҲɣ
еɫЩȻ˵ǰҪ£Ҫɻ㱨
죬ʡگֱ·ļ
Ϊĸװţµٺ»ְͣһ·ʡ
ȻأТһҲϴˣպǨ֮£͢Ҳȿǰ;˾޴Ӱ졣
λи£Ĭͬʱڡ
Ҫµļ٣˾񡭡
Ҫһµļ٣˾񡭡
˶жԷæ񣬻һۣͬҲ룿
ƹǮ˾ΪæԲλУ˶Ҫ٣˾еĹ˭
ʱ÷֮⣬һӰ
˻ͷȥ߽ǻɡ
λɣ˾ְһ㲿ڹԱٵˣɹܵġ
ɿǣ˵ո٣кʲô飬Ժͱ˵
˶һۣ̿ڡ
¹Ҫٰ¡
¹Ҫһ¡
Ŀǣɸ٣Ҳ٣ôãҪ
üͷʵΪʲô飬ôôã
ˣ֪סˣֻýʵг
˺һŻعָǣɸֵ˵һޣһĸʥ鶼ȥˣñ˵ʲôã
檱ɷ涨ģ·ϣ񷨲ݡ
֮Ϊƴĸǻᱻ
Ϊ͢٣ʡǵĳͷ֡
ԼԣȻӺĸҲǶôҲûĸװȥڼнһ¸ǽլƽȻҲû
Ϊĸ֮£ӲͬΣò룬ΪլͣҲû檣͵͵˼լ
Ϊ͢٣Ҫϧ˲ɷҲҪΥ񷨡
ְͣگʡ·ģҲֻ̻׼ǵļ١
֮ҪصԼ÷㿴¹Ա߽˻Ժӡ
ڴģµĹԱһ㶼ǾԱǳ׼û£νǹټ¡
һλ¹Աߵǰżɽ˵ɣΪ͢٣ȴ͵͵լ飬ҪȥʡһϸĽ͡
ƼҲѧšԪǸš
ԸǾ˫κ似ʽһͻᣬٰһѧ;徫Ƴ³׾١
ԸǱУ֮ڱͳһ֣ڶ꿡ܳĬʹŸɸ׳Ƴ׿ܶŷɥ
ϧһҵ̵ӹϰжգ赶Ū
ʢģһλ˺۵Ůһ񹦡˵̣ԪⱲӶѡȥ书


216 ¹ѻ
ո׼ټҪԱйعĲˡ
ļױǻʼ׼ġ
ϵѣҪ
ôಿţҪǮǸҪǮÿһǮ뾫ϸ㡣
߽Լ÷ǰһλʷ˵ɣ˾
Ƭ̺ʷ߽˵ˣλ˶š
üͷһƽʱٵһͲǼƽˡ
Ѿһʱˣλ٣Ȼһûе
ƽǻ̫ˡ
дŲãǵˣǵһʱҡ
ûеȵλ٣ȴȵʡ·گ
ɣΪƣְͣ¡
ɣΪլְͣ¡
УΪޣְͣ¡
УΪĸְͣһ¡
ұۣұ۵ұۣ⵽ʡĴ
üͷµģʲô񷨣ܴɷϴǣӵǴǡ
ʡԴҲϹ档
¾
Ǻ̵ܿģ˶ϸ£´ͬ˳ʥˡ
ԱֻҪԭԴʡΪЩ鴦ǡ
λ٣ͬһձĳԭ
Ƭ̺뿪ʡķȥ
񲿡
ŵڷһĲӡ
˾ǴĵһܵڳдСԱլе飬˾Ҳһ
λԱ檲ͣλԱТĸλԱլλԱٵˣλԱϲ͵͵¥ⱾϼصĶһ
Щ̰ĹԱȣЩȻС⣬ֵôº˾֡
Щ飬ǡ񲿵ְȨΧ֮ڡ
ΪԱɣһҪְ𣬾ά񷨣ලԱ˽Ƿп
ŵһ£ʼд
ǰϣѾ˺һ¡
дһ⣬׼һʱŷֿհѾûˡ
ˡ
ŵĿڣſһλСܽʵкηԸ
ŵһЩհ׵¹
СһĿɫ˵ˣ񲿵Ŀհ£ˡ
ŵ񲿵ô𣿡
СûҴǻ񲿵٣д£ѾһˣɺĿհ£˹
λԱɴˣݲһɳӣ񲿼ʮˣǵһμֳ档
ŵ±ʣ˵Ȼˣ͵ɣǵ˶ɹһЩձٻҪãˣ¬˰ЩµȥСĵ©ˡ
Ƭ̺Сһ£ߵ¬ʢ÷һ¶ѵϡ
¬ʢЩ£Щͷ۵üġ
˵¹ѻ𣬵үĻҲδ̫ˡ
ؼǣдÿһߡӣ񷨿
¬ʢҲ˵ٲˣЩߡӶ͵ʡ
ʡ
ۿ͵õʱ䣬˸巢һ֨֨
λˣһʱ֮ǰѾںȲ죬úȥۻˡ
ֻæڣһߡӡ
գ񲿵ߡǸĶࡣ
ƫƫЩٵߡӣоݣܺӻǽߡӴȥʧְ
ŵŽ񲿣Ǵҵ˼Ϊ˲ڣû뵽񲿣ôڡ
ոһڲˮͿһλ߽ﱧһ߹Դߡӣ΢΢һ㶣ʵЩ
Щ񲿸ոߡӡ
ֻһͷΣҧݱ裬ҪŨ裡
θ
ɫѾȫԺΣãһƣӰŴ߽
ǰ֣ܵʵôô
̾˿˵ˣһң˶ͷöģеĹʡԲ顭
ɣУΪ˽пԱְͣ
ĹԱȻûΪ˽±ٱʡ񲿶ǵĹְɡ
˾ĶڹԱˣ٣ʷ̨Ѿ룬飬ȷʵ˾һӦڽܵ顣
˾Ҳòȥ
֮ǰ˾һλʷΪҪչĸףǹ٣˾ͬǡ
գһ⡰ԱĸױǣТѵҲдߡӵȥƵ˷˼⡣
ǰлĸСٷĸǹ١
ԱȣС
ТǴ½Ƴ籸ġ
Ϊˣĵ¡
Ϊ£˺λɣٵУʷ̨ĹԱָű
˭ûĸף˭ĸײϣ¹ԱȨĸ֮εƷλãȴǹٷĸТӴˣģʲôļֵۣ
λڹصȻ˾ĹԱϵ£һѪͷ
һʱ佫λʷãҹͬʱ˽ĸ׽ӵưá
ʷ̨Űݡ
죬ڵڣ֮ǰûƵ֣ܲŻô
಻Щ飬֣ܵ˵ǰȥסɣ̫ˣҲϲңһµլӡ
̾˿֣˵ʱ䲻УͰɡ
ԭĴ㡣
ĸ׺ӣʵͬԸ
ǶмǿĿ
һҪƣһ뱻ƣ˲Żֳ
˶ûдֻ˶ˡ
£ǰȥõġ
͢򲻶ԣ˾ôȥ˿ࡣ
ҪǱԲТ٣Ҳְͣٺ
࣬˵ǾģȥҼ˺˰ɣڳ䡣
뵽Ůо;ζӳ¡
ŮŮԱˣȶﻹҪ׽ĻǶΧĶӣܡ
Ψɷвһ㰲ο
ֱۣܵ˵طɣҸ㰾¹ڼһأȵգٽһǿ


217 Ը
ְգ⼸շһֵ顣
֮ǰ֮һʱ䣬м·ǸӵµģֶЩٴ˵ĳΡ
գǼֵӵ£Ϊᡣ
ס⼸ֱߵİգûпӵĵ·Щ̫ϰߡ
ֻһ㲻ϰߣĹԱǣϰߵĿɾͶˡ
ʮ겻ˣǰŵĹΪɡ
Ϊһ˾٣ٵһһʲô
ڲˡ
ɵĲ٣ʡԼ̸֮󣬶ڲڹԱȻҲϸҪ
Ϥ˳͢ķûб㵽ĲţҲע
̶գиٵ󼸺ʧ
ܶԱ֮󣬻ҪһȻлؼҡ
Ǳǳ˳εġ
飬˵̫̰ͼܣźլۡһֵľ룬ǵóӣͨմ㣬˭Ҷ
ЩС¡
λ٣λְͣС񣬶䵽һͷϣ˵Ѿסڻˣ˳Է˯ڴ
Ҳܡ
ԱĸױǣТѵҲд
ߡӵȥλ࣬Թһ
ТΪȣҽТΪ֮ףҲҵ֮졣
Ϊĸףٻǰֵ̣ó޺͸̵ģǹԱͰյıʡ
ԴΪɴǹ٣Ҫ취
ǷڵطʷǹٵӾ˶˵֣͵жܵʹ
ˣĴСԱҲʡ
ŵĹԱûտ֣ΪҲԹ˲Ͼ
⼸գٵߡӣѩƬһ㣬׷Ʈʡ
׸õĹԱʮǰȽᷢӺ룬ӭȢȨ֮Ů飬˳İհдǡ
һЩԱլ͵͵¥񲿽ȥԼ̸ͬʱ֪ͨԭ䣬֪öٹԱＦɹڶ쵽ŵʱϲϵѪӡ
ǲ⣬ǲǷˣôʹҹȥ
񷨵Ĺأʥ˵ı׼ģ˭ܱ֤Լһ񷨶Υ
ֲʲôرص飬ôãòײŵϹ٣ˣ
񷨵иŪüɹѵ񲿵Ŀģ
ǵҪ֪˭ôˣͲԼһΥΪûУֻó˰̣ҲҪ嵯ζ
֮ͨ󣬸Ա˳Ĭ
ԭ¿״ԪԱŵ
ûˡ
ǳ֮ϣһĴڡ
ܵԹְ͹ٽк
뻹
ŵ档
˼״ԪƾѣƾʷϵһˣЩϺͿˣ͸˼һԱɣ
ԱɣûЩˣ
ʡ
λʡĹԱҲôġ
Ϊȥţͣһ㣬˭ϵ񲿻ôڣʡÿ춼ҪëƤС£ڿ񲿵ߡӾͷ
ǸĶɫ㲣ۿݣ˶һȦ
޻˵ǣôһë
ΪԱɣķ֮¡
һüģ̾˿ʵҪôźãȥһĹԱñְͣ͢ôת
һλ˸пôû뵽һ㣬βְ꣬ܶôֹأŴ˶ˡ
ʱһٵи취
˷׷̲סȲʲô취˵˵
λ°ͣ˵¹Σеһûʲô飬Žϣܸһ鷳Ĳ£æϾ˼Щ飬ȵ֮һ̽룬˾⡭
üʵʲô飬æôã
λд㣬˵񲿲Ҫʲôִ鷳̶ȣڴ֮ϣʱҪ罭ɣͳﳯæģȻûоٹЩС¡
飬Ѿ
˵һ飬ǲǻǷʡҲΪǼڰɡ
Ѿ񲿵ߡĥʹ㽫뵽ʡ
һΣйٿִ飬ǳ˳ľͨˡ
ӡ
ٲĶҵʣһˣǲǮʡһʣʡһʣʡʡʡˡ
͹Լ׸ͬҲʹ졣
⼸գҲڵĹǺڵĹԱÿ춼бְͣԼ̸ģѾӰ쵽˲ŵת
Ըˣ㹤Ҳٱôĥȥ

񲿡
ŵдߡӣ¬ʢҴҵ߽˵ʡگˣͬ񲿾ִٰᣬؼؼ;׸Ҳкȫǡ
ŵµеıʣֻдһߡӣҲдȥˡ
ĿĴﵽˣвٵջ
񷨻ǷȻĴޣȫǹԱвƷϵĴ١
ƷĹԱѾֱӴˣȴܼӵʹʡְͣٺ
ʱ䣬ٶա
֮⣬ΪϵΪԡ
Ϊ֮ǰæſƾ٣ƾ֮Ҳûôȥ̲ܳһʱ֮ڣΪͣ״̬
ϴЩ̿ͣΪ˲٣ȴҲԶԶȲ⼸յջŵѾĸܵ˵ϡ
ò˵зңӵеơ
ݹ۷ʷ󲿷ֵǰǣһһӡΪġ
ڷҵڶʱͣƷԱְûм
ȻòˣŵҲܵôߡ
ٵߡӣȲдˣȵִ˵
Ȼ͢׼񲿾ִٰᣬҲֻ߳˵һ
úͽȫͬϵ
͢һףЩˣһԡ
ɽɺɣƾڼλʦӣп
ɣһԸ͢ӡ
Ըǰֻɼͽ׵ӣҲﲻŵĿġ
ʱһǳ˻ɣ𵽴ͷãɻࡣ

ڿŮһӰ߽
ֻǿŵƿߡ
Ȼÿ춼棬ȴ˵
Ȼϲĸ
Ҳץ鹢ڻ
豭յߵʱ򣬷ֱûвˮˡ
²豭裬ŵһԵĲΪıϲˮ
üһڣ϶Ŀġ
ûкⱭ裬Ҳûпڡ
ŵҲû˵ʲôߵߣ
ƳһۣɫȻһ
Ϊ̼˵ģԴĽԼֻʹһ飬Ȼѧˡ
ѧˣԭĻϣһЩĶ͵ĸĽ֮׽ƺˡ
̱ȫ򣬵ؼʱ̣ŵȻȻֹ
ȻվһʱͬצģԭŲӣĿʱʱŵҪȥֲ֪ôڡ


218 ĸİ
һӽŵߵһϢ
ӶǸղŵĽͣѰȥ
ŵ߹ǿƽ飬£豭һŵղŵĲˮ
ŵԹԵĺŲ裬ĳһ̣ĸ˺Ȼڵн츳ȴû츳ǿϧˣЩԼģ
˵˵ʱĿմ
ҲԼ˵ĵһ仰
һֱڵŵǸ
û뵽ȴƱ
ŵ˵ͷ˵˼飬ԼϹĥġ
˶ݵĳĬ
仰ƮƮģȴ衣
ʦΪֵһţѧʮĽԼϹĥ
ΪԴҲĸ
Ĭʱŵڵм飬ĸ˰æ
Ҫٿִᣬûаϵһصǣͷϡ
ʵġ
Ϊĵһɣ𵽴ͷãĶźô
ŵ˵֮üͷʵִ᣿ǽе飬ǳ͢ʲôϵǾִٰʲô
Ǵɿףÿ꣬Ҳɵǿǰν֮Իᡣ
Ҳһݺ͵λ硣
ݹֻ֣ʸٿᡣ
žٰʱ䲻ʱٰһΣʱٰһΣϴᣬǰ
Ҫᣬȹеĵλ
һҲҪٿˡ
һĳ͢͸ûоִٰıҪ
ڵӣȻҪŵΪȡ
ҡҡͷ˵ǽ֮£ǳ͢޹أҰﲻ㡣
󱻾ܣŵҲûж˵ʲô
ϢƬ֮ߵߣʼ׽
ĿתĶŵÿν̵ղŵĽУͻͣϢ
һҲͰˣεؼʱͣ£ֿɵãȴôĸоŪ켱ˡ
ž
ŵһϢʱһϣҧǼ飬һŰʣ
ȻڵӣҲǼ˵
ԼŮҲþܾ
ŵΪһµĲˮЦ˵лĸˡ
߻ߣ׽
һΣûڹؼʱͣ£չʾȫ׽
ȻЩʦĻ񣬻óԽǵĽ⣬ʹٳջȣͶ룬㲻ʲô
۾գҲգĶŵ֮󣬲ų˿
ûֱòȻȻֹĸо
ȻѾõҪģҲû㷴ڡ
ձʹһţźǱߵ顣
Էʱ˺ˣ˵գҪһš
μû˵ʲôȴɫһףŵÿӶˣ˵ҪԼأҲȥҪڳ
Ƴһۡ
Ҳû
Լ飬ֲˣɷˣ϶Ҫɷһ
ȥţվͻ
ҹ
θ
˵֮ɫһ䣬ʵУҲٷˣ
ŵӣϲο˵ģλţҪ죬ôãҪʦʦ˵һҺܿͻġ
ô˵ڷġ
ͬʱһĪ˿ĸо
ӵ֣ʵʲôʱߣ
Ͼߣȥ
ӳڣʦٶȣһһأ;ͣʱ䣬ҲҪա
òײŷط꣬ҪһգĿӣ̧֣ڵĵƻȻϨ
⣬ס֪ĳڲݴкҵС

ڡ
񻪷塣
һλ߽嶥һ֮ڣһϤӰ΢΢һ֮¶Цݣ˵ʦãʲôʱģ
ջһ
ʵҵ𣿡
˵ͷ
п˵ѾͷǺ͵һԣأûѾͷˣЩ
ڳ
һ㶣ʵûа
ԸڳŰɣܹܵһʱܲһץ´λܡ
࣬Ŀ͸İ
ǿʦóģԸҲϤ
ôȥһ˳Ǳ˸һ˵ˣݶ࣬ʵţʶʦá
ŵǣСͶʮϿʦãȻ˵ôݵĻ
ãŴӾлع˵ãһᣬϾҪٿˣЩ黹Ҫ⡣
ʦȻС츳ߣʦǽһһġ
λҲΪ飬ʦأҪʦ𡣡
Ƭ̺һСԺ
һЩΰĽСԺԵЩӣֻéݣһ԰
һӰڲ԰æµ
߽СԺ֮˽Ųǰ˵ʦ𡣡
Ӱε˲԰ڵһӲݣûлͷڣЩ⣬˵γţΪЩĪڽ򣿡
΢ЦʲôʦȥɺɽɵļλʦдһСи򡭡
ӰӲ԰˳
һͨĲ£ȥʮӣĿȴ͸һĲɣ
߽һéݣ˵ʦм飬ɲæ
Ůӵ˵ɡ
ľѾΪޣʦȥڵ֮ѰŮһ
Ůӻͷüʵľ̸Ǻˣ
ľѾŽֹϰͷҿС˵Ҵˡ
Ůüͷ˵ĺֹһ£㵱ҵĻͲ޴ˣкЩ顭
ûм޴ˡ
Ůӿλͽ֪˵ʲôá
գҲֻεĿڣҪ㽫ţһġ
̵лʦ𣡡
ֵʦ𣬻һ顭
Ůû˵
ĳ͢Ҫٿһִᣬڲμӡ
飬Լɡ

Ƭ̺߳СԺ˿
һ嶥һѾȴˡ
࿴üͷ΢΢һ塣
΢Ц˵ʦãˡ
ʵʦ֣ʲô𣿡
Ц㣬˺ͳ½Ļ¡
˰֣˵Ѿˣ飬ʦԺ󲻱ˡ
˵꣬ʹ󲽵뿪
ԭأˣʲôʱ飿
ʱصԼ࣬мĺһ
ᵯ٣дʫҲû˼ҿΣֱһҲȢŮֱǳ룡


219 ĸ￴Ů
ɽ
деɽӰɽǧ徺ؼֱؼïʢؼϢ
ؼؼշ壬ֱƲƣ˼ɾ
ڣ߷֮ϡ
ʷϵڣֹλʥǿߡ
˵Ļƽʱ٣ĿǰڣҲľİʥλʦʮλﾳ֮ͽ׵ӹǧǴֺʵĵһڡ
̫壬壬ԳڣԶ
񾩷壬̫һڡ
ټ񾩹
̫һʦλʵǿġ
ؼһʵ̫һλؼλʦ
ƽ໥ش¼һͬ顣
յ£һСʦ෢ġ
һЩʱգһϢ
ĳ͢Ҫڳٰһᣬڵʦŵǰȥ
ٰ͢ᣬ⻹ĵͷһΡ
ڴоԶڴûнʱѾˣԴʼƫһ磬ͳ͢ϵ
Ŵ֪˶ٸȴȻڡ
񾩹УϷ׷
̫һһλ۳룬˵ĳ͢ΪʲôȻ֮£ڵҪҪǰȥλʦʦþأ
ߣһλҡͷں޹ϸŲҲҪᣬɽ·Զֹǧһ·ⲻ˱ҿûҪˡ
һһλŮʦڵ⽭ɽ񵽵˼͢ӣҲò
׳͢һֱƿ֣ǺȻ֮£±оġ
ӦҲֵķ

ʦ˵飬˵һ
Ľǣȥȥ
̫һԴȻȤ½ȥ
գֻһλʦڵС
һλʦʵԴҲǲôȤģʦƺ⣬ҲԮ
࿴ȥҧҧ˵ǲȥһԼȥ
֮߳һλŮʦ˵ʦ˵ʦõΪȻص񻪷壬дд衭
˰֣˵ûʱˣҪߣʦ´˵ɡ
Ůʦ΢΢һ㶣Ǹջ𣬻ûһʱҪߣѵʲô£
ƬɻĹʦѾնȥӰʧããɽС
ҡҡͷ˵仰ʱ䶼ûУһǳ


ĸѾˣߵĵһ쿪ʼ˾ֵҰҲˣ죬浽ڲŻ
ŵҲѾкܶûмˡ
Ϊ˱һЩţһԼöʽ޸֮ǰǲܼġ
ʱ䣬ҪŹŮѧϰ޺ǡ
ȻŵҲҲֻʱ͡
춼һ𣬵Ҳһ¡
˲ڣŵú´һ´ʱߺȻһԵ
μ˴ŵĻ뿪첽߽䡣
ŵ˲촽ȵĿĸˡ
ڣǧ֮ңȻôͻˡ
࿴ŵ˵ڣʱһλʦ
λʦȥѾץһεĸˣֻʣλ
ŵ֪ڵʦʮλ֮ࡣ
ȻԶԶûдﵽԤڣŵǿڵллĸˡ
΢΢ͷ˵һˣÿ
ŵܾȣȻܴ˵仰
࿴ŵиӡ
һʼһŮ
ڣԽԽ˳ˡ
˵Ȼ󵨵ץҲΪ˲ͼ˷ֿ
ɷ꣬Ϊ̶ֳȣȻǲ뿪ġ
ܼ޸ˣҲûʲôΪĵˡ
ŵ˵һʦˣҪӣü˻ڴһӣʦΪڵ֮£꣬Ӱ죬ͻᱻȫֻҪԺ˹вµͿԺŮһˡ
˵꣬Ҳ߽˷䣬ͬͼ˵Щʲô
ŵ¶˼
Ǳ壬պҲУΪԶͣڵľ
ⲢϣĽ
ΪӾΪִҲҪС
뿪ң԰
Щӣλʦһֱסŵιʱ˷׷˸ǡ
쾪˱ȭ˵ӣС鷳ˣлСѵдָ㣬ӭС´ɽ͡
ɽɵλʦҲȭһɽɾ볤ԶСʱ
ɽԶӭСѡ
ʱ䣬СˣС´ͬݣһҪɽɡ
֪Сûлȥ·ؽɽׯҪϷһ֮ꡣ

ڳӣλʦǳ
Уֻɣǽá
İ˳ɣҪŵָ㡣
ССͣڸɽǻ죬ʱΪǲǰ
㲦֮ޱȿء
ҪԺûлᣬ£ŵȷм£Ҫǰæ
Ҳż˵Ųţʶλǰңλǰ磬ΪλǰС
˴ôã֮ǰȻҲһٷĹ
ϯ䣬ｻպò֡
㷹֮ŵʱĵϼ
쾪ӹ֮󣬲ǡ
λʦ͢Ҫִٰ᣿
⻹ϡ棬ִᣬǽеĴ֯ģЩɵˣʵ̫Ը͹ٸ򽻵
ΪеĹٸˣŵС
ŵ˵ͷ˵͢ǿֵϵǸָĲ£ⳡִᣬﱸģʱҪЩʦ򣬲һЩҲʶˣֻðλǰˡ
쾪˻֣˵СѷģʦֲϷҲһųӡ
ɽɵʦҲɽɾ볤ԶСҪʱӸš
ɽɵʦɽɵ飬ϷСѷģϷʱһЩ˹
Ϸʱһ
ϷʱҲϵһЩѣСѳų

ɽɣɽɺ̩ɽɵʦҲ׷׿ڡ
ǻûжԼ˼ⳡᣬŵϣɵʦܹ˳ɵмǿߣš
ŵ˵ˣһεᣬڵļλʦԼŵŵӣҲ
һ㶡
ʲô
Ҳ
ⳡᣬڶôĻԼҵţҲúúöԴ
ĵһڣôˣЩɣֻɼ޹ؽҪĵӣǿĳ͢Ҳǲڷ
Ϣλʦı飬˲ࡣ
쾪պã˵СѷģϷԽƽʦ


220 ŵı
˼λʦ֮ŵȥתһȦ
ǳ͢һξִٰᣬǴƾ٣ԼֵеĲ裬ϸ̡
йִһУǴ㿪ʼ񲿵ĹԱ޴֡
ŵУҲֻкܶ뷨ûʵֽϡ
õȵǼյӦ֮ٲȡԵĴʩ
͢ɲڣһЩʦԼͽˡ
͢ҲͰˣȻҪ죬Ҫˮƽ߶ȣë
񲿻ȥ֮ŵߵԺʵʵ
ĸͤУԼԼ塣
˶η壬Ȼǿڹġ
һҪһСĹ۲ķӦ
һｵһ
ĸ˶Դϸ񣬵ǰֱĵӣŵһμʱ򣬼ֱˡ
Ҫõʱȥſڽˡ
֣һԷ
ܼһ˵޵ĸ鲻á
Ҫǲãǵúõʲô̶Ȳá
˿»鲻õķ޻
ĸһŵζЦѡ
ԹŵԺнӵ١
С֮ͤڣں塣
ŵμˣֱҲһϵ
תͷȥ뿴һĻ
ߵͤ塣
ܳ˼ӣۿҪˣץܵҡҡ˵УҸղ´ˣҪ壡
á
Ц˵һ䣬ղŵӷŻԭȵλá
ˣôߵҪ
á
ֻ΢΢һЦ
ˣ໹Ǵƣ˼֮ߵߣ˵Уȥҵİ壬ĺ塭
ε㻹Ǻǰһ
ôˣ𣿡
С
ͷϵ˵㣬˶档
һߣʵǿȥˣת󲽵뿪
˿̣뵽СĽ̻塣
ʲô˵Ļš
ʲôŮ֮û˼úУ׷ѰҪġ
Ǻǡ
ԭЩƭԼġ
Ů˵ĻҲţ
Ƭ̺ܳ˵
ܵ˵ͷ
ԴҪﱸִ֮ûչ˼飬ͣҲûôæˡ
Ҳȥ
ʮ˼֮飬Ǽյ´ܹġ
ɷ֮ص
ûʲôˣɷ֮ҲûʲôһԺ﷢
ŵӣ˼Ƭ֮߳ٴ񲿡
˶Թ
гҪжҲû
ϴôץϴεĶԹ
Σĸ˰ôæҲû
񲿣ĳ÷֮ڣ¬ʢڵʦô͵ˣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵һΣڶ񲿿νǴ֧֣λʦǿǰ¬˿֮ܲУʦĵλ֮ߣƷԱڳеĵλǿߣܵ
¬ʢ̵Ȼ
䲻ˣҲ֪ʦ壬ڵ֪⼸λǰȥӴ
ŵģǽǿߣǳ͢ҲӦɳԵȵĹԱӴ֮ҪƷϵĹԱԵó͢ӡ
¬ʢԼҲƷ
̽ʵ˵˼ǣǰȥ
ŵ˰֣˵ҪִᣬҪ칫Ļ£¬ѾæˣӴʦ飬ͽȥɣҾоͲ
¬ʢҲûж룬˵ãдߡӡ
ʱʡ
˶񲿵ߡӣʼ
òͣ˼죬񲿵ߡôˣ
֮ߡɨһۺ˿
ãǼٵġ
ڵʦϳִ͢ᣬ͢һλ߼ԱӴǺ顣
̫æָܽӴ
ûж룬ܿһگ

ûеʱ䣬һãȻ߳š
ղţյʡ·һگ
ĳɣɳһλʦ볯ִٰ͢ᣬʡӴ
δһʱ䣬Բõʱš
Ψһְ𣬾ǽӴλɵʦ
飬һ񲿻ߺµĹԱģβ֪Ϊʲô̯ɵԼϡ
Ӵ֮£Ҳûʲôѵġ
޷Ǿѡ
ԣ䣬棬ٴһ³ķ顣
ܿ񲿡
ʱе÷֮ڡ
¬ʢΪǰŮһˮЦʦ롣
УɻЩ𾪡
û뵽λʦȻᣬеʦԶ
ҲΪԷͶڵʦԵƬ̣͢ӴĹԱϾ͵գλ˻ḺסУκҪ󣬶Ժᡣ
˿ڲ衣
񲿵ԭ뵽ţǹˡ
ֲǵһҪʲô˽Ӵ
ҪܾһӰ˽
ǵӰ΢΢һ㶡
￴ӣҲһ¡
¬ʢ߽Ц˵ʦλδˣδˣλڵʦ⼸գĹȷһţдʦΪһҪ񡭡

Ƭ̺˲߳񲿡
תͷ˿ʡگӴʦ
Ҳڻع񣬽Ӵĳ͢Աɷ˵죬ǿԴ絽ÿʮʱһ
˶ϲʱȻУͷĳ
ĳ÷ſڣһεˣϣһգ۵Ķ
عͷϸֳһ˿Ц⡣
˼޵๫ԽԽˡ
֣ܵ˵δˣ⼸죬Ҫˡ
Ҳֳһ˿Ц⣬˵ʦʲôҪ󣬾ٻᾡġ
֣Ӱʧڽͷ
Ժ
¬ʢɴ۾һĻ
ǽķôŵ


221 ʱ
ɽ
塣
뻪ɽͼλڳֿ֮󣬵һʱͻصš
һ֮ڣŵݵһλУ˵ʦ֣ǳִٰ͢˵Ҳλʦ
ִٰ͢ᣬɽԭмһˡ
ɣǺͳ͢ߵ̫ᱻӥȮ߹
˵Ҳʦ̾
ɽλʦеĹأλʦɳΪһɡ
ǽڲݣڵ£̫壬壬κһɸɽɵʵ
ȥǲȥ̫ŵˣ
ǿûжŵʸ
ɽϸ˼֮󣬶һ˵Ȼڶ棬ǻɽҲʦܣʦܣʱǸʮɽμӴ˴δᡭ
˵ͷ˵ǡ
ߣһλ߰˰֣˵ʲôִģûȤʦȥɡ
ɽ룬Ҳûж˵ʲôɳλʦ˼ʦࡣ
ɽԼһҲλʦɳһλѾгˡ
˵ͷ˵Ǿôɡ


ĸ˽ûңҲûݶŷݡ
ӣԱǰڷܶˡ
ŵ֪뾡ܵΪЩ飬Ȼϲ˵ʮ⡣
ûľܸԸ񣬴˺ĸϣܿһЩ
ʵҲϺŮһ
Թŵȥһ񲿡
ϣѾյ˻ɽɵĹٷӦ
ִᣬɽɻһλʦͶʮλӲ롣
ǲʦŵϤǰ
ĻǾͰæˣ
ŵϣǵڣɽɵλʦܹ
Ը⣬ŵҲû취ǡ
ĥһߵһ÷˵£һ£мҪĲ½㡭

պ
ɽ塣
ɽӭ˼λˣɽűУݣѾҪתһС죬Ҵҳ͡
ɽɵĿˣڵʦг͢ĹԱ˿ĵ
һʢװ߽ӭ¶ƵЦݣ˵ͼ٣ʧԶӭ¡
౧ȭ˵ţþò
ɽЦ겻ճϷɡ
λʦ׵ţʱҲҴҸе˵СɽɣôҲǰ֪ͨһϷӭӡ
ŵЦǰˣҲʱɽ棬˳һ
ǰŵҲҡ
ĸڣټϼˣܼҺŷϻƣµġ
Σȫҳ档
ɽ볤Զ羰ΪԱɣдڵʦԼŮǰ;ȫ̵һӦѣȥһ
ŵܼӹһУݸ˵Ǹǰ
΢΢һ㶣˵Сʲôˣˡ
ŵЦɲҸǰǳ͢ģÿһλμʦһһǰԺϲ
Žȥ߽ܿ
ɽſŻһ·΢΢һ㶡
ֻǻһ·ȥǻһһ
۷һɾɽĳƳɣʽϻý˿ߣྫͼ
֮£й˿ȥɷǣ·̾Ҫɶȥ
ͷڣŵѥϴ
һ̣ɽŲһֵĸо
·ʦ͸ˡ
ĬĬվһЩ롣
ʦȣ·Եޱȵĺᣬ˷ֲ˭ǻɽš
ŵЦ·ʺǰžʦ緶
ȨԱĹٷھھġ
õĲ÷죬£һʦɵҲ򵥲
Լһ·Ҳϲ
¶Цݣ˵Ϸл͢
ŵִӻȡһƣ֮ϣšһʦĸ֡
ĸ֣ŵƵģֺ룬ֻһۣһɺظ
ŵƽ˵ǰպˣƾƣԺǰֻҪڴľڣפصݣʾƣٲݣôĳعԱֱ񲿵
СĵĽӹƣֻƮƮƣȻĳࡣ
ʦȻ𾴣˵ˣ𾴣ֻͣϡ
Գ͢ԣֻƽѡ
˴ƣ˵ǵݣܵ˳͢ʽϿɡ
˵ںܳΪʦģ˭ǳԾĿ࣬һӣ˭ֲӵһȨˣ
һĻɽһλʦۺ죬ɽţжĽѡ
ٲݣôֱӵ͢Ա˭ǻɽŰΪţȨɳϣԺôɵĵŷ
ŵ˿ɫ˵λǰʱ䲻ˣǾȻȥˣ߶ţ֡

λߡ
һ뿪ɽվſڣһĴ⣬ɽźͳʦĬ
ʦϵĻȻ˵ʦ֣˴ִᣬԶǧڣλʦǻɽ볤֮ңֻʦһǰȥǲЩˣ
ȻɽŻشͦͦţ˵Һʦһȥ˲Եǻɽɵӣ͢ڵĲ
ɽû˿ԥĵ˵ͷ˵ʦ˵öԣһɽλھܣ볤֮ңӦɸӣͬȥɡ
˺ܿʹ´һ¡
Ϊ˱ʾԴµӣڣɽλʦȫ
⡣
ɽɡ
ɽһ˵͢Ȼȥǲʣɼλʦء
֦ͬɽͻɽϽʻɽ
Ƭ̺дһ飬װŷУһλӣ˵ű飬ȥһ˻ɽɣɽţȻĻŴ
պ
ɽſеĻţȥ
̴ԭȵļƻ
ԭֻһλʦǰȥģͬΪɣɽʦ㳲ɽλʦôҲȥܲ˿࡭


222 ͵
ڳ͢״ξִٰᣬһصĿ֮󣬺ɽɾҲɳλʦǰ
УͰɽԼ
ʱֻһλš
ϾɽɵŶҪԲ룬ڶԵԭ򣬺ɽҲֻɼλϡ
ܿдһţõ͵
պ
񲿡
ŵѾյ˺ɽɵĻš
ʱ򣬺ɽλʦλ
ɽλʦȫ
Ѱ˵Ȼ۲ƣԳ͢ԣ㲻ʲô
֣Ҳʮλʦʮ·ѡ
סݣٲݣ빫ôûʲôʵͶ롣
ڵԱŵͲöץ̰
ߡϵȥʡѸͨˡ
Щӣʡ񲿵ߣʮ֧֡
Ȼһһ֮ϣһж˳
񲿻صʱҲڡ
ڷˣŵӦúúøл
Լ⣬Ƿӵʱˡ
䵭ԸһŮӣѺΪѡ
ԺֻˣӣŵӦǻθˣܼҼݳȥθɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ҹӵġ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ң
΢΢һЦ˵ȷе˵ūҹӵġ
Ƭ̺

ŵŷ˴ӺŽ˳ӣ¥һ䡣
ո֮ڣһѵȺڴ˵Ӱ˽Ļ
ŵûп˭ϵζǲĸоҲǶһ޶޿ɴġ
ûŵ˵һ仰˵ˡ
ŵеᵽĸ˺ˣЩΪʲôӰˡ
Ͱһ²ͺ޲Զôȥ
Ƿֿʮ꣬ȹ͹ù÷ֿĻãŹ֡
һǣ·ĵϡ
֪˶ã̧ͷˮ۾ʵû
ŵ˵ͷͷٴȥ
֮󣬰šһ£˵Ҳȥң
ŵΪԼȥˣŮٲý
һŵ䱻šһµĵطС˵ЩŮٿˣҳҪ˵ҷˣǶҳ
ŵǲЩŮ١
ǵְ𣬱ϾҪǹڴ֮ǰʲô飬δʲôģ˻ʼҵǶõԴ
İնЩܿأοǻ塣
ˣͨǽ͵ĹҲûﵽ͵͵
ΪһʱĴ̼һ
ŵĸţŵҲûţ̽˽ȥƺܿʹһƬ塣
ɫ΢죬ȴҲûֹʵЩӣʲô
ŵЩӷһһ˵Ļš
ʵִһȤûУֻϲŵ齲
ڼ˵飬ŵҲû
֮¶ŭɫǼ˽ĸװôôأ
Ȼ뵽һص飬㶣ʵ˵Ϊʲôľܶ鶼ںԲҼ޸ģ
ȷе˵ǲںԭӦеľˡִϲߴŭ
ľڰ֮ǰʱʹˡ
ĸ˻˵ԸԱȡ
ľҪӺ֮䣬һѡ
ڤڤ֮Уһз·ж
ǵԺˣ᲻Ҹϳȥ
ʵ⣬ŵҲ֪𰸡
ֻܱοİɣǸʱ췹˵Ӷˣôܸأ
ģȴ뵽һЩ顣
ЩӣҲȫڹѧǺ͹ء
Ů٣һЩʱ֪ʶȻ֪췹ôġ
ŵϣܵĳЩ仯ԺиֳЩϵ֪ʶ
ɫ죬Դĵŵؿ
˭Ҳû˵һ
飡
֪˶ãȻһŮ˵£ûȥˣ
뿪ŵĻ˵´ʱ÷ȥ㡭
ӣͷŵһۣתߵ䣬򿪷ţһŮٵ߰ɡ
ŵڷ˵ĴϣﻹŰζ
ʱӱƿ˴߽˱ŵ˵˰ɣȱ衣
ղôã˵˺öĻȷеˡ
ŵӹ˵ݹĲ豭˹˵һձӷڴͷĹϣ˵лл
һлл˼
һлĲ衣
лͰᡣ
ЦЦ˵ǳ׵ʱ򣬱ūҺһϲƾС
ŵȻ
Ҫϲƣô˵Ҳǰһ
˵䣬֮䣬˶ݵĳĬ
˵ŵл֮󣬾͸ˡ
ڲ
ҲЩɻ󣬵εȴĿһɨʲô
ϸֳһ˿糺죬˵ϢһɣūҹݺЩ顭
뿪֮ŵڴ˺һŻվ
ȻȷЩΣҲܹ
İͿĻҪǻǰѳֵס͵ȥ̫ҽˡ

ŮٿŴϼЦĹ£Ȼ²⵽ʲô
ֻǼһλŮѣôܸ˳
ֿ˿·̬Էġ
Ҳֻԡ
ڣǻ¡
£ҪǷһЩ÷飬ܻܲ飬ɾ˵ˡ
ŮӣҲ⹫
Ůӣ޲ÿʱÿ̶һ
Ҳ
йŮģţͻоһЩйŮ顣
ֻڴ֮ǰһޣǾԲġ
һ˵£ٽһЩ֮񡭡
߽һڣתŹϡ
Ƭ̺ͨ졣
ͷԼ۵С֣⡭Ҳ


223 ھ
ŵߵԺ£ڻղźͰһĸܡ
ʵ̫䵭ˣһʱʵ᲻̫Ů֮顣
ҲӼᶨŵľӰ뷨
ҲúͰһˡ
ǻʲôҸ
һӰıĴָֻ߽һֻøˮǺ«ݸŵһ֧
ŵֽӹҧһڣʵó԰ɣ
ŵ˵ͷ
ĳǺ«ŵ룬ûƹĻӦҲһðɣ
˳Ǻ«ȻŵʲôսŵǰţʵôôŨŮζ
ŵǰһЩĩ״Ķ
Ůõˮۡ
ֿŵ촽ϣһЩĺɫ
Ǵ֬µĺۼ
ȥŮˣˣ
ŭʵղȥˣ
ŵҲûҪ˵ȥˡ
ȥԼδޣܱ
촽˶һʱԶԡ
˼ȥδӣױôˣ˵ˣμ˶ܲˡ

һѴŵжǺ«˵Ǻ«
ҿܿͽ֧Ǻ«Թ⡣
ŵҡҡͷԹԵ߽䣬ңҺڼĲˡ
Թŵ񲿡
Ȼûʽְ飬ȴһ١
Ϊ˱ʾ͢ĳ⣬ͬɵʦӦƵ
⣬Ȼǳ͢Ƕܵøǵʳޡ
ĿԺֻпƾʱãҲǿţֻҪԼӸ죬ͿԵִľٰص㡣
ŵţʱپһЩͬıԡ
̨Χ̨˳յƱΪ񲿵ĴֶΡ
ȻҪģǵͨϷֶΣЩʦǵľ顣
ϾִٰĿġ

ɽɡ
ɽ䲻ھܸγ͢ٿִᣬǻǻ롣
Ϊεִᣬٰһʦǰڣд轻գȻظڡ
˲ûнϡ
֮󣬱еعԱų͢˺ɽ
㲻϶ôأһµһдšһʦơ
һżΪɣλʦϲ
ǿƣ
ƾƣԼٲ빫ôܵԱ
ˣһڳ͢ӵȨ
ֲмһ˵ĵعԱһǵǰϥǿĸǣԺǶԵطٸʲôһҪָܸĵһģǧҪȥ
˼λعԱɽţ˶ֱͦһЩ
һüĸо
ܿ죬Ͳﲻԡ
תͷȥֻԶһӰԹĿ⿴
һΣŵλʦܡ
λʦλƣΨʣһ
Ȼʦû˵ҲܵǹŨŨԹ
ɽһ˵ʦܣһ⣬ִ߳͢ᣬҺɽλʦǰ
һŸոͳȥһǰ˵ţɽǰǺɽˣ˵Ҫ顭
Ƭ̺󣬺ɽ߽һãԵȺӰ˱ȭ˵ʦܣþò
λɽɵʦǰĺɽţĿиֳһ˿ɫ
֮ǰҲɽţӡ󲢲ر̡
գɽŴ·һɳ治һţʣɲʲô˶еġ
˶Цʦֺþò
һ򵥵ĺ֮ɽʦ˵⣬˵͢Ҫִٰ飬ʦѾ֪ˣǷ̸֮µġ
Ƭ̺¶ɫȷִᣬɽɵλʦȥҪ֪ھٰᣬҲֻһλʦǰ
ɽŵ˵ͷ˵ֹǺɽɣɽɵλʦҲǰ
ԣΪ⡣
û뵽ɽɺͺɽɶδᣬȻôӡ
ô˵ĻɽɵλʦҲȫȥˣ
ɣ֦ͬ
ɽͺɽôӣȴһ£ܻ͢Ϊɽɶʲô
ɽŵȥţβμִʦõһԼһ鳯͢·ƣƿЩ
ɵĹϵȻûκα鶼֪ߡ
֮󣬱ȭлʦ֡
ûںɽãǡ
һʱصɽֺɽ̩ɽɵҲڡ
ɽͻɽľ֮󣬼˳⣬Ҳܿͳһ
ɣͬͬˡ
ɽͺɽɶҲ
οǡһʦӣ˭˲۲
ҪôҶûУҪôҶС
ǵ徳˼ҳס͢վ͵طԱƽƽԼֻܻǮסջٻҲ˼˵Լʦ

񲿡
ŵѾɵĻš
ɽɽɽλʦʱᵽ
ɽ̩ɽɣλʦҲһȱϯ
ɣʮλʦμεĴᡣ
֣һֻ
ɣһɽ
ɽʵҪǿһЩ֮ڣλʦ
⣬һλľǿߣһеĶ
ɣָһλλʦɡ
ɣͶˣжʮңоɶֻһλʦ
ûʦλϵľߵģɣϰٸ֮ࡣ
λľղģֻ㲻Ѿ޷ͳˡ
ŵĿģֻЩʦ
һΣֻϵɣܼͶ룬Ҳ
һ£ױдһ뺯
뺯ɽġ
֣ԽųƣɽվڴĽ֮ۡ
ɽɵʵܲڡ
ԽۣҲȲɽ
ܽɽҲĽ»᳹Բ
ɽһҲʹˣЩɣв֮

ء
ɽӲշ壬һ㣬ֱ
ͱ絶ϲͦơ
һзĳ߷֮ϡ
üӰӿһԾ£µıԶʡ
һͦεӰѾڴ˵Ⱥʱ
Ƕ߹ʩһȻʦ𣬴ĳ͢һǲμºڳִٰᡭ
ɫȻ˵ȥ
ɽڣھٰᶼȥοǳ͢
νڣǽǿкһ
ֿɽǴĵһš
ɽӵ˵ִᣬҲμӣɣڣеʦϯ
һ㶣ϵȻıʧȷŵ˵ʲô˵һ飿
ԼϾҪٰᣬôĳ͢
ɣȻûɽǿ󣬵ҲһɣȻɶ
ǲǷʲôɽ֪Ĵ¡


224 Ů
ɽ֮ۡ
һӰУƺ֮䣬һֱͨܿ
պ
񲿡
ŵɽĻţᣬɽڣɽλʦμӡ
ˣ֣еһɣԼΨһĳһɣȷᵽ
飬ͺܼˡ
Ȱλɽڳס£񲿻ᾡΪɽļλʦƣʱһȥ
ŵһ춼񲿣ΪЩд뺯
˵ֻǶɣҪƶ֮ڣҲһλʦ
ʮһ뺯ͨ͢ݵ˳ȥ

ݣš
ȻֻǶɣݣӰҪеһɡ
Ųһɣݣھһ
ݵİգϰ䣬ڣֻ߻һ㶼ѰϿš
ݵأժ¥⣬š
ժ¥ǿǿɾǵͷߡ
֮ǰһλʦݣ˿ţʼյӡ
λʦѾȥչ񣬿ʦһλﾳʦλľµڣǲ
ΪذɣȻ֣͵طٸҲǧ˿Ƶϵ
ʱڣһĿ࣬⽡˶ĺߣһλŹٷԱӭУЦ˵Ϸ֣ôȻϲȵڽУԭ֪κҪš
ȻЦݣȴֹѡ
κƤˣĪҪӵģ
̵ģⶼٴˣ޲һ̰Ĺ١
ĻһִĿţҲӸˡ
͢ҪǣһֻѶ١
ԱҲЦ֮󣬴ȡһƱϣ˵Щ£⼸겻£ʲô˵飬һҪԭңǮ͵Ǹ⳥ˡ
΢΢һ㶡
ЩƱȿЩТ̰ٵĻҪࡣ
һյǳԴҩˣǺȻתӣ
Уթ
۽ǳ˳飬ЦκǸʲôǮϷհ
һҪգ
вУ
߻ҪܾԱͨһڵϣȣһѱһᣬ˵¹ٺʮ꣬òײſȡ˹һʱϣ̰˵ӣһʦдŹ¹١
ߴĿһʱ֪Ӧԣ֪ʲô顣
ʱһӴ߽˹ڵϵԱһۣδ˵ʲôһݸߣ˵ǳ͢
͢
ɫأ͢ʲô
üͷĿȥܿ죬üͷչ
ԭˡ
ôһɶҪȥμӵĴᣬǿҾܾομδᣬ벻ĺô
ֱܹӵعԱѹٽյ̬Ȼ䣬ȻǰõϢ
ĵЩƱ΢Ц˵˵˵κɡ
ݡ
ɽׯ
ɽׯǽɣֻһѾõҡ
һԷΪ辶д˲С
ǴӲյӣֻӵܣֻΪɽׯׯһλʦǿߣʹɽׯڵأʿء
˿̣ɽׯڣһλòӢˣеΪ졣
ִٰ͢ᣬ⻹ͷһΡ
Щ飬ЩʦȨҲûжȤ
ϵЩۣʵ̫ˡ
ڣɣɽкպɣϡ
ܾܾҲҾܾ͢ںɽĶԴɽׯʲôоܾأ
Խݣǹš
ݣӥɡ
ݣڡ

֮ڣĵɣյԳ͢
º󣬴ĳ͢Ҫڳٰһʢִᣬڶɲμӡ
ȻдţβμִᣬȫƾԸ
˭Ը
ɣɽڶø͢ӣĸУ
βȥ
´οܾš
˵ɣԴгڴ
ѵõǿд轻ĺûᣬֻǣܻᵣıǳ͢߹ӥȮôɶȥȻҲûʲôǡ
ȥûʸء
෽֮˷ֻ֣жϵɣŻܵ͢롣
һλʦûУղ
Ȼһ߼Ĵᣬܵɣܵ˳͢ϿɣμӴ˴δʦܻһȨ
յɣӦ٣һʱӦ
ûյСɣв֮࣬ҲڰϾ֮Уܳһλʦ´ִᣬʸܵ롣
ͬʱʦǵȨҲΪ۲
񲿡
ŵ÷֮У⼸գÿ죬񲿶յһЩɵĻӦ
ɺɽԽΪ
Щɵʦʲô·УоͨȭƷָеɾʦģϣҲеǹ޷ȡ
ˣļƻѾɹ˵һ
ֻҪǵ˳ŵ˵ˡ
ִţҲȲĽУˣæ͵һ
˿֮ŵ뿪񲿡
صʱҲڡ
ڵԼȥ̤д
ŵʱŵգһ۾
˺Ȼwinkŵһ£ʲô
ת˳ȥܿ
ᳵ·ĴӺŽȥ׼õӣӴ˵Ĺ뷿ոأһʹ˹
ŵŰתһȦղȻһס뽻
⼸û
롣
ж룿
롣
ж룿

Ůһ̸Ǳһˡ
ʶʱνǸţǸʱŵζ벻гһգϣĻ˵Щ黰
˵
ŤŤһŤȴŵ
ȻϿûзȻ󣬵ı֮ˣȴһŤŤȥ˭ܵˣ
Ϊأŵ̾˻Ӧ
ȻЩѡ
Щӣں͹Ůѧϰ֮Ȼ֪ʲô
ɫˢһͨ죬ҲҶˡ
ŵı飬ЩܵӣԥãЩɬĵͷʵҪҪҰ㣿
ŵأû˼ʵʲô
䣬Ȼһһ˻


225 ˵ɻ

¥ĳ䡣
ŵڷ˵ĴϣͷɴʣԺ˼ȫޡ
ʲôʦʲôִᣬʲô䡭
ַţţһ̣Զȥ
ϴ֣ŵߣ˵ġ
ŵһʵЩҲǹŮٽģ
ɬ˵ͷ˵˵ǹ뷿֮񡭡
ȻЩˣŮ˵ˣԼɷй뷿֮ûʲôúߵġ
ŵ̾ŮٻǾְʲô̰
ղţŵͽһ˫֮ϡ
˵
ϱӻ˶ʮֻ꣬׶԰涪־ʱ򣬲ǣŮӵ֡
Ҳֻǣ
ԭŮѵĸо
ϱӵźڴ˿̵õֲ
飬飬飡
ʱ洫ŵһŮ˵£ʱˡ
վ˵ˣ㡣
ҲǵһκôܵľٶȣһҲͨͨͣŮٴߴ٣ɬĿһŵ֮󣬾ʹҴ롣
ҲƵ뿪ŵֻϣʱ¡
Ǹʱ˾ͿԼ飬ÿζҪ͵͵
صʱѾȥˡ
˿ŵ߽ͣʵղŸȥˣ
ŵһʶĶ֪˴𰸡
ֱǸ꾫ȥˡ
Ȼõץȥ
Ķûеõ
뵽ˣͱŮң˵ɬ
۲һŵǣȻд֬ĺۼ
ף
ô
ɵ촽
Ҳ֪ʲôζ
ŵָһӾʹˡ
Ȼܴ򣬵ڵٻЩ֮ϣġ
٣Ľ̵֮£˴һʼһϲͨѾģˡ
˵жôտҲ㿴ùȥ
ôģΪͰǣߴţΪң治٣ŵЩ˼

˸ոջߵԺĻԣ˼֧
¥ķ䣬Ǽ֧ϣҪ޼һʱɫȻһ䣬΢΢˴Ϯһֻצס͵Ϯ֮˵
һֵֻӦԷؿײȥ
飡
⣬һǿһĶ
ΪĲٰĪڳʲô
˷ſ֣¶֮ɫôˣ
ԹԵĸԼ˱ˮʵЩӣĳ͢ټָɵǿߣʲôĿģûУ
ʵΪģ
ɲʲôС£Ե޹ʵģټôǿʲô
֣͢ˮˮ
ĳ͢ĪĽеʦټ˲ɣǲʲô
һλʦ㲻ʲô
ʮϰλʦ֮ȡ׼׾٣ӵҲڻ¡
ôĶܵ
ǶԴ˲²ⲻѣʹСĦļңֽ䱸ʱעųһһ
ҡҡͷ˵û˵ʲôϢǰʱ䣬һ⵽˴ɱ͢Ҫ˻ᣬ֡
棿
ʼ磬˵ҲֻҵĲ²⣬ʲôıҲֵ˾ֻ֪ܣܴĵġ
ȷ֪Ҳûжʣת˵ڳķչ֮죬ҵԤϣû뵽겻ʱ䣬㾹ȻܽӪɳַ
Ƴһۣ˵ǣҲ˭Ժ¥ȻʱǵģǵˣҲѾɹ룬ȫȡǵΣֻҪʱգϴó
˵ͷ˵㣬ǶԵġ
ߵ£˵ЩʲôȻţɻʲôζ
ǰҲᣬǹˣ΢΢һ֮󣬾㵵ˣ
˲ʲôˣ
ϸüۣȷԪڡ
ⴲߵζҲм١
ǿ˿˵ֿ֣˿أĿ촽Ҳͣһ˲Ȼ˵ζ
㶣ʶʲô֮ɫ˲ͺ
գĽǵطǾȻĴϸ顭
Ŀʵ㣬ѵƶ
ûҲˡ
һۣҲٶԣֻǵһ䣬ҪĶɱ׵ĽȥӾҪҲҪмֵˡ
˲ûлӦ
ʵΪô£꣬еʱޣôܱе£ΪĻ죿
ʵҲǷû뵽ġ
û뵽ŵȻûڽϵԣ֮ߡ
ιʱһԿš
ĶˣԼҲѧˡ
ѯʣûн˵ǵô֪ûкúУҴûиòá
Ȼ죬Ҳ˵йִ飬ٵ飬һʲô֣ǵüʱ
˵˵ͷ˵֪ˡ


ŵĽ̼һɽߵʯϢĿⲻһɨַ۾գҲգĿ
ŵʵණ
˻عҡҡͷ˵ûС
ŵʶʲôСʵ
˼ҡͷҲûС
ֻе֡
ˣһԪڣһԪд棬쵽Ĵϸʲô
˶֮ʵĿ˵͢Ҫٰʲôִᣬ˺öɡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵顣
˵˵͢ҪˣŻЩǿߵġ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣˭˵ģô֪
˵ܶ˶ô˵
ŵ˰֣˵ʲộ޻̸ִ֮ģ֪ܲ𣿡
˲ִʲô
ŵü˺˶࿴ʦĶԾʶǵУ㵽ʱҪ뿴֣ҿԸ񲿵ӣ볡
˱һ㶡
ⳡִᣬøܵսľ͢ɲѣװԴ
ڴĵļСǿ챻ˡ
ԭһУֻΪӺСʶ
ܲܳʶ֪
ǳʶˡ
ܿ죬˵Ͼ¶Цݣ΢΢һЦ˵ðҲʶʶʦء


226 
ǰһһ죬ŵܾʱ̫졣
Щӣ־ʱ
µʱ䣬ñ뻹á
ÿ죬ڷ˵Ĺ뷿ͰٲȻѾЩϷ޵ĸо
Ůٲ֪ǰǸʲôģôʲô̡
һ˫֣£ĨΪѺôÿÿУղܡ
ҸȻҸǰˡ
ҵ壬ǲߡ
ϣִ֮һЩջ
ֱӻõ֮
ôʦţҲе츳Ŀܡ
ǲʲô̫ߵĳɾͣҪһ壬ӦС
ִᣬв¡
ǵĻֻвһˡ
ʥʮ꣬³ţ˼Ȣ´󼪡
һգһƬϲķΧ
ʼѾܾûм޹ˣ޵Ĺ񣬸ǱκһλҪߡ
ΪùŮӹһΣ¸ļױ
̧żױ׶飬
̫λʦһ·֮ϴڳϿջص
˿շ׷߳ţۿⳡѵһʢ¡
ŮĽܱ´ͻ״Ԫ
ĽΪӭ֮󣬻ҪȥӭȢһλ
һһЦɫ
һһ˳ǣٹ˹
ˣΪӡ
״ԪȨ㳯Ұʥּͻ顣
Ȩϥ
ڶʮ֮ǰѾʵ˶Ը
ϣȫҸˣֻ룬ͼʵԸӡ
θ
ĽƯ·ܽ˵ˣŵˣ
һΣ˳޵ʱһдӼ򵥵ʽûС
һΣ´ͻ飬񲿳а죬˫׽ڣҲֲһεź
һ֮⣬θ˶ܿġ
˿ŵżµμ˱ϻΣԼֻܱڻ֮еһ̴ﵽ۷塣
ֻǳһᡣ
ԺҲһ
һ̣ŵһģˡ

ޣͬ죬ǰİֵѾʷϾϯھӡ
ҳԱԼٹǣܽ԰УиΪʢϯ
ΰ޵Ĺõǳƣ÷żһգƷϹԱԿȥܽ԰硣
ܽ԰ڣｻһƬֵķΧ
ãæ͵еĳһٻʼҵϲ磬Ա⡣
֮ڣһ֡
λ֤ˣλ񣬵ӲδϯΪΪŵͰһݡ
˰ãˡ
ŵˡ
ͼ˲𱰸£ͬΪޣҲȺͬʱС
ݹ󣬴˵ַһЦ˵ɣԵޡԸྴ֮Ҷ룬˲ʺͬͬ£˼ҡٱԧ֤
ֱ״ˣĸԼ֮λȥ˸ԵĻ鷿
ŵҪдˡ
Ŀʵ࣬ʼǱߵˣܽ԰ҲθˣԼŵͰһЩѡ
񲿺̲ԼµһЩԱ
оǳõܣةξῡԼԺļλ
ϲˡ
ףϲԵ
ԸСúϣӡ

ǵĹؾƣŵҲһһٱؾ
ˣ˺ҹݺŵ͵ԧ褴ġ
Ļ񣬷ΪӺͰõѣŵȥӰϽ½ΣΪȹڣָŵȥθӼˣæǰæ󣬱ŵźһ
Ϊ˱ʾлŵ
ȷҽƵѾƵҪȻһȦѾˡ
ֵʱŵƱһ˫Թӡ
ޱԹĿŶžƱŵ
ǽϺȵģӦǽơ
ȴֻףͽúϡ
ףĻô˵ҲŪʲô죬Ʊݺݵĺŵͷоһ
ŵߺ£һһĺš
ֱȵκģߺȻһ˹鲻𣿡
ƳԵŮӣûʲô飡
ûɵıһ䣬ҲֻһЦ˵ɽͺȰɡ
˵ʵ㵽˵ʲô
ԹԵʵ֪͹ôһ𣿡
־ŤͷҲ֪
Цʵѵ㲻޸Լϲˣ
ͷ˱ƣ˵ѾȢ˱ˡ
Ƶ˵Ҳô룬ôӦҲƾƣڻ鷿еɷ򡭡
˷ʵ㵽˵ʲô
΢Ц˵˵ǣҸҪԼȥȡģ᲻ܸıʵŽܣʱֻתһ뷨ܶෳգǷա
˵ģôһ
Ŀŷˣʵʲô

ɫѾȫ
Ȼû˸ҹһһŵǺ˲پơ
ѾƵǾһ˿κġ
վڹ˺͵Ժҹ紵һ˿⣬ܿʧӰ١
šֵ֡ķ䣬ŵơ
ӺͰȻͬһ
ʽ񲿳ﻮģŵ֪ѡ
ұߵķ䡣
ƿţŵ΢΢һ㶡
һ˵ĴߣȻżµӰ
ͰѾˣϣȵߣȵͷ꽻ƣȥ
һţܹɵûκ
˿̣ȴڴϣŵֻ֣Ҳһ
ŵЩ񲿣˹ԱеԴףֵòɿŪ
飬ļȻǲֵܳġ
˵Ĺɶ£Դ׶˵ǲܵ顣
΢΢һ֮ŵߵǰȥžĸͷ
̧ͷ֮Уβס⡣
μҲŵͬķ䣬ͬװ磬ʱһ꣬ľѾȫȻͬ
ŵĿգҲգĿǡ
ӺͰľĶǡ
ŵϵľƱμˣ˵˽㣬Ȱɡ
μҡͷ˵Ȱɡ
ǫãŵҪһɡ
ͬʱƣֱǵֱ۽꽻ƣʽֻʣһ
£ֳһµ⡣
ƿһȣѵҲһ룿
۶ӻǰⶼǵһϵĻ񣬲ܽ˭ķޣһ˵޷ֲź
ŵԭ㣬ǰҹӣҹֲڡ
ʧʱ򣬰Ѿ̿˺ɫϲ
˯棬굽棬мһ˵λã̧ͷŵһۣ˵Ÿʲôѽ


227 
Ż鴲ܴ󣬾˯ˣҲоӵ
ŵм䣬˯ӣұ˯Ű
֪ղŰô˵ģȻĬ˯һŴϡ
ŵãģӦûľá
Ź̫
ȻҲ̫ߡ
ˣȻǲʲôġ
ڲС
ʱӶ֮·ȫˡ
ҲͰһ߿š
ŵһֻǣӣһֻ§Űؿڣ๫
ŵӦţ
һҸ˵û£Ҿ㡣
ȻǰҲй๫һΣǰһ
μ˳ĬһҲȻڵ๫
ŵתͷʵôˣ
μ˵㣬ȥԲɡ
ڲܾӵΣΪðĻȱ
˵˵ˣ๫˵ģ쿪ʼӣ๫㣬˫ӣ๫ҡ
ǶǶԼ˽㣬춼һ졣
Ѿ๫ָԼˣô˼Ӷռ๫
ŵڲ֪ԭڵʱѾԼˡ
ȻǲܷˣŵҲϨ˼
Ϊ˱֤һʧÿһڣԶŵģǼһҹûۣһͳŽףһڳ䶨˿ڴϣҶ㣬˳׷ܿ͸оϮ
ڶһ磬ŵʱѾûˡ
˿⣬ʱӦò硣
ŵ·ߵ档
ڳһ߽ŵ˵ٲ𴲵ĻҶıˡ
ŵ򵥵ϴһ£ԺʯԳ緹
ƣ֮ĵڶϣҪŷġ
ŵûĸףҲӲЩƣһȥ˴£̣ȻȻʡԵˡ
ŵ緹ֱۣ˵һͼ˽ȥ˰ɣԼķˡ
ҪŵȻӦ
ֻһЩС飬ҪǺ˭
ȵӳһȥˡ
˳νֵʱ򣬳ĺܶվʶˣˣŵȻһǮûлȥ
ף״Ԫɺλ˰úϣӡ
ЩûмǮ͸״ԪɣҲմմϲˡ
ǧҪǮСͷԺҲܺ˴꣬ˡ

ף壬ŵҲûټ֡
Ĳˣص֮ŵ֣˾ȻҲڼ
Ǹģƺûлȥ
ŵѯʹ󣬵֪ȵЩǺһ˯ġ
ŵ˵һǣܺκŮ˳Ϊѡ
Ϊӣһʼ̫۵İڶǺܺõѡ
ǰû˵䣬ֻΪϲͬһȻͳ˿˯һĹۡ
ŵڳæµҲæ
ĳȻһ㣬ԼǺ̫ġ
һæµ֮˳ɹĴճһ
Ȼ˵ζԶԶܺЩȣϾԼģеĲ˶ԵǬǬһûʣ¡
Թ󣬷ȥϴꡣ
ŵ߽䣬˵ɡ
ȻˣˣջԼ֣ô뵱ȻҲҪԼϴԲ
ЦЦ˵ɡ
ŵùӣ˵Ůӵֶۣ廨һľϸЩֻͽҰɡ
ڵһ仰÷˲֪뵽ʲôϲɵһơ
ŵһۣôô죿
̧ƣǰȷ磬˵еȡ
ŵȥɣеȣ졭
˴Ҵ뿪󣬰ͼҪҲŵͬɾܾˡ
ԼӣȻԼۡ
ôۣϴ룬ֱǱ
ŵϴ룬߻Ժӵʱ򣬿һ
Բ廨Ķ棬һҵĵ伮ڿԺµǧ
ŵĪľһĺг
ûдǣصУһ棬ֽϻ˳
֮ǰһͼ
ϴΣĻ˼
Щӣŵȥ񲿣Ա飬һµĻ٣ŵոְһ£ֿԷżһ£ÿڼǡ
ԺС
˵һǧЩģǧߵԣ˲廨
ʵǰϲˡ
شƨɴ󣬳ҲƯ˲ϲرŮˡ
ǣݵദλ˽һܺõˣõȫԺشƨҲȱ㡣
ڳûʲôѣҪһ˵ﻰˡ
ŷˣ˵˽㣬Ǭסɡ
΢΢һ㶣Ȼҡͷôأֲʲôˡ
ڿ̧ͷץŷ˵֣˵û㶼һ˵˵﷿ô࣬һϲġ
ܵʱǷðž޴ķ
£ҲǷΪĻᡣ
ڷˣҲû֮ǰĵ⡣
෴ڣѾΪ޻̸ѡ
˿񣬼ҡͷ˵Ĳеġ
μ𽣣˹˵ϲĸ䣬Ǹʰ
ΨһѣСûʲôѣͷһѧܶණסڼȻٺòˡ
˿˿ˣֻܵͷǣǺðɡ
ŵһ룬߳͸ʱѾȥʰˡ
ڷסҵ飬Ȼûʲôġ
˺ͰԸԼҲ
ȴͷദĺܺá
ˣˣദĺܺá
ŵĶ룬ȵٽҪȥţзڣͲõļ⡣
Ѿˡ
ŵ鷿߳ߵӵķ䣬ʱַŴˡ
Ȼ˵кûһģ˫գ֮ǰԼӦȥ㰲
ʵҲãԼԼˣŵҲΪѡ
˫ֿƽһˮƽ
ȥˡ
ŵſ˵һ䣬ڴһĻӦȻߵķ䡣
ûйأŵ߽䣬ոչţתʱ˾ͱϡ
һǺ䣬ſڵԣٵϡ
ɢһأϣֻܿʣǰƣ뿰סζ㡣
ŵ֣ϵʱȻɫκ죬Ŀˮǰס֣˵ȣһ¡
ŵһͣңƴʱôܵȣ
һֻ쵽
ϵ⿪
һ̣ŵϵ


228 ¾㱸
Сʱʶ£̡
̨ƶˡ
˴㣬š
õҩɣ˭͡

峿ŵһµĻϣ׵ġС
һ£й֣й裬õҩ
ķѾֱӡáҩĴһ˵С飬ӵ壬ֱˡ
һȥ·еŮӣ趯һ㡣
˵ʱЩԻĴܣӵĳ֮
ȻŵⱲǲܴﵽ־ġ
Ļ鷨ؼֵһǳɳ͵ģͨԼϰ
վŵԣĿ˵ӵлɣѾǻʥ֮Ҳˡ
ŵ±ʣ΢Ц˵ϲϲĻ͸ˡ
⣬Ѿ죬Ҫٶġ
ˣԼӵʢ֮£ͰңסһԺӡ
׷ǹʵģʵе֡
κԸϲŶգλŮ˵ϲΪŮ˵ˣҲá
˶ԷˣȶԼ˻Ҫܡ
٣ŵûмӵ֣ȻĵĽ̷ϰ䡣
һʱġ¹ͼ͸˷ˣܼұһӣ߽˵үҪ鶼ˡ
ŵӷڵϣеļʮ鶼˳
Щ伮Ǿʽڹķ
ڹ⹦
ڹָķľľȡ
ЩķԣԼڵ·ߣԽǶķٶԽ죬϶츳һգֵϱա
⹦ʽΪ彣Ʒĳĳǹȵȡ
һ;ڹ⹦ͬҪ
ֻڹ⹦սۿۣΪѹʱãΪµģױɱ
ֻ⹦ڹǲУûΪ֧ţƲ˱˵ķپʽҲֻǸ
Щ鼮ڹķ
Ƥ
ŵͲˣôʦ򣬱ں֮ƽⲻһľ
֮´˾ģԭڰ
ϣ붴ˣûȫ롣
ǿɡ
˵ļԴףá
˺Ͱ̫ǫˡ
ӲͰȶϣǷ̫࣬Ҫȶ
Ϊԭϣŵû뺣ֻ˫ͬ죬õҩ
ǵȵʦ֮ԲҲǲ֪֮ˡ
ΪջøҸӸԴϽ⡣
ͻƣĽķ
ԴѾˣʦʱԴһڹķ
ֻе˵ܹ֮Ҷ徭Ϥһ̶ȣž߱ԴķĻ
ⲻǾԡ
ʷϣҲЩߣž֮ڵ徳ʱ򣬾ܴϵķ
ܼڹķĵͨķ
ɵĶķ϶йЩҲ㹻ŵˡ
νķףǾ·ߡ
ԽǸķҪõľԽ࣬Ҫһ֧һȷķ֮ͨ󣬾Ҳ޷תޡ
Ҫ봴µڹķȻҪϤľѨλ
ⷽ棬ŵĿǰСס
Ϥ
û˱̫ҽϤЩˡ
Լĵоֳɵġ
̫ҽԺ̫¹Ͻ̫񲿣ǳеֵܲš
̫ҪļǹƵƶͽ͡
ĳ˵̫񲿵ִвţֻ񲿵ĹԱ̫ϽĲֻеȨûйϽȨ
λ̫ةһλŵ̡
һλǶ
Ҫ̫ҽԺôº˾֡
̫ҽԺ
ڳ͢ţ̫ҽԺԷΪȻʲôȨƽҲࡣ
Щڳ֮ԽԽᣬ念ò̫ҽ
󹬵ӣרŵŮҽź̫ҽԺ̫ҽǣƽĺС
ҽ֮⣬̫ҽԺȺȲ裬壬׼ããӹĺò
̫ҽԺλ̫ҽĳеƷ塣
̫ҽԺֵ֮ڣ˯еֵǬ಻Ӱ
͢ǰЩӣʵץء
ŵĹԱʵʵģҳٵˣȴûע⵽̫ҽԺ
ںܶ˿̫ҽԺڳ͢š
ûע⵽ãҲֵС
λ̫ҽ壬һ̧ͷȻֶһӰ΢΢һ֮ˣôˣ岻ʣ
̫ҽԺ̫£̫ة£ǵĶͷ˾
̫ҽԺ̫ûдڸеĲţƲһǲġ
һ˵ȷʵоʣʱϥĿѣͷҲĶһЩ
λ̫ҽҽʮ꣬һۣ֪λȵµ顣
Ϊ˸ӣ̫ҽǸ˰һ˼Ƭ̣˵ة̫ˣ¹ٸһӣַã죬۷磬ǹ
úúá
̴ϲǿ֮Ȼһת˵̫ҽԺĹԱΪɳڰʱ䣬ģ˯ģλҽ࣬һλҽֻλڸڡѹ˼Ҿٱְأþ⸱̬ȣǵٺ»İ𣿡
ة֮죬˶
Ӧ֮г
˭¾ٱ̫ҽԺ̫ҽԺУһ
̫ҽԺæŲðɣ
Ȼǲܺة粵ģֻܵͷʵѵ
̳˵ȱڵԱȫٽлڣ̫ҽԺйԱȥ·ʡһգʾͽ䡭
ǡ
εͷ
֪ĸȱµģɳֱٱ飬ֻǷʡһգûзٺְͣ
λ˵Ҫ֮ϸ񣬿ԺĵҪͷˡ
̫ҽԺһȱԱ̴¹ѺʡʱڽŵȻſ֣˵ԼһɣеҪæ
ٱ̫ҽԺְصȺȻˡ
ֻҪ̣ҪץһЩԱУ֪̾ô
͢κһλԱֻҪǵ鷳ҵõģȻЩС¶Ϊ٣ŵҲΪС
ص䣬ȡһֽѸֽϹճһŮӵͼ
Ůͷ棬ȻŴƣŵУûͷģһѨλһ
ղ̫ܿЩڹķ
˿ԺжҽҹѨλ;֪ʶٿЩķʱоȫȻͬˡ
Ѩλ߹ǺȣûԣѨλԾģڴ칦ʱõҽҾѨλۡ
ٿľľͼߵĶѨλ
мѨλҽҵУ˵ء
ЩѨλʹҲǱӡһ㡣
ҽҵ۹СļҪѨλһֱ̼ڹȻǲܻеġ
˿ۣŮԵĹ⼸ѨλܹеĿԺС
ŵ˼Ȼԣ⼸ѨλĹһʼѣŮ޴˹ߣ޷á
෴
ӵĳҪλ±طҪһЩҶԸ쳣УеĹӵгȵҾļҪѨλҲ޷ġ
ŵҳļȻпƵʾ
ϵĺܶ飬ǹͨģҽۣܹĽϵ顣
ҽҵĽǶȣľ⣬ǵôӾ֡
оĻϣӼ֧кӰ죬ıԣôԭȵľϵӰ죬ǶϵӰ죬᳹
Ǹʱ򣬲ԲãҲգӰС
ΨһĻܾԺٶȣ֮ǰô졣
ѾõĽ취ˡ
ŵϵĻԺпʼٵݡ
ܿʶֻƾҽҵ֪ʶĽ
ҽǹˣ棬Ƿȱ̫ࡣ
Ѿһ齣߽䣬뵽ŵڸʲôƳϵĻһ֮ɫߺ죬ôֶܻ
ŵƳһۡ
ʲôȡʲô
һʾͼѡ
ֻûлʲôϸڣͺˣʶҲδ̫ǳ
ŵһۣʵû˯ã
̫ҽԺЩ̫ҽǴҽߣЩȻǺʵˣŵֻǿһۣ֪˯߲ôá
ͬƳŵһۡ
๫ˣô˯ã
ҹ˾һڴϵʱί벻ʾͻӿͷ˯š
ϢǺҪģ˯߲ãᵼ½ؼؼؼŭ
ϵı֣Ҳӡ֤һ㡣
ŵʵ벻ú˯һ
ûϻ
⼸죬ʧĥĹǺ˯ţûҲһֱá
ŵߵ£Ĵ˵
ۿ˵ıľɣ͵ҶһЩߵİĦַ㰴һͷϵѨλӦû˯а
̫ҽԺУרŵİĦʦ٣ܣѾˡ
˺ʧߣΪ¡
˽Ҳ˺ܶ취ǰĦģһöûС
˹ѵЬӣƽڴϡ
ŴμɣҲɵá
ڴϣŵͷһۣǲǽãʹĻͬ۾ֲ˭˭
ǻǿá
ŵչӸϣֻ¶һԴ档
ڴߣ˵۾ϡ
˱۾ŵ˫ַͷϣ׼Ѩλ֮΢΢
š
΢ʹУһ˿ͣ飬һ˲紥ĸоûס
ŵֲɵһ
Ҳʶʲô۾ɫ΢졣
ŵ˶ҽҵĶַᰴĦͷϵѨλҽĻҿ˯
һΪҪģҽҲ鷳ŵѡ˴ַ
Щߣܿ죬ͷϴˬоһŨŨľ⣬ͽ˳
Ƭ̺ŵ뿪˵Դ
Ƭ̵Ĺͳ˯˹ȥ΢
û˯á
˯ŵʱŵͳ׷ֲˡ
ͷҲϤ뵽ӣŵоӿһЩֵĸо
ŵְ££ǰҷʱſڴ΢ĽŲ
תͷĸվſڣĿУӡ
ŵվŵߵſڣϷ֮ʵڸʲô
ŵ⼸ûϢãҰ˰ͷߵѨλ˯һɡ
࿴۷ţ˵̫һĳϺ͵ӣҲҪμεִᣬţҸ֪һ
ʵԭûμӡ
ִᣬɺɽʦЩɣҲһĲ룬ǲͲǲ͢ӣǳ֣͢ǹ֮⡣
˵ЩҲסˡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ûϵһ׼ġ
ȻƽѾֿ˻
ڵʦҲεִᣬʦǿߣѾʮλ
ʮλʦģϵʦᳬһʮλ
ռ֮һ࣬͢ʦӦúֲ࣬ʣµЩҪôһЩҴ֮УҪôǹһˣ١
͢ʦһ붼УһΪƿأЩ˶ŵ벻ġ
ЩʦŵҲѾΪ׼һݴ


ʮ糾͵Ӱӳſ˽
λ˻ͷ˿Ρĳţ̲סһ̾
ǳ
ɰ
ֵϺöˡ
ĽֵǬݵĽֵǬˣ
һλӥǵƳһۣ˵ע飬нһӥɵ
λԣɫ
ӥߴΧһУϴҲѾǶʮǰˣĳʮǰȷ˺ܴĸı䡣
仯ģǬĵ档
ǰĳûôɾˮأôɾĵ棬ղ˿̵ЩھΡ
ǰ񲿽Ǣʱһ·˿˿ϵŨ̵ָüλ˼ңҲһˣôôء
˵꣬·˾ͶԲԶһӽ֣˵ˣҾٱΥ̵


229 ˵ľʦ
ڡǲġ
¹ܵҲ̫ˣֻڽͷһ̵Ҫ£һգ̵£ֻʻضҲӡ
ϾԺⷣοͨա
ǿɲΪ̵ץߡ
ʱţ𽥾ãƺ
ĽֵۿɼԽԽǬˡ
صˣҲ̵
ֵÿһξ룬мľͰҪľͰ֮С
ǬĽֵϣȻҲ泩
ǣһǴһʼķУ𽥱Ϊֺ֧ά
˲أҲѣǸ
ڳͷ̵Ѿ̺;ۡ
ҲҪڻڹУʮġͬʱڽͷɨһյΪƻĳͷ

ŵոմˣ˷һЩɣ¬ʢͼҴҵܽ˵ˣˣӥɵʦյͱץˣȥɣ
Ҫ̫ܵˣҶЩҪ顣
֮ǰʽȾĴȨƽ˽ͷѲߵĽ
ӥɵʮλӥɵӣݷ糾͵ĸϵ߽ŲãΪ̵⵽ľٱץ˻ڹҡ
֪Ϣŵһʱ͸ϵ˹Ѻĵط
ʱλ˼ңڳд涨ڳͷ̵ߣҪʮ顶ڽͷɨһ
ŵ£ǽӳȥһĹ
ʮġҲֻóһͺˡ
֮ǽӳǳ˵ϣξʹᴦˣ߰ɣ´ע⣬Ҫٷˡ
ӥɵ˳ŵǸ˵˼ڸͷ顭
Լ˼˵ϷԼԣû뵽뿪ô꣬ǰء
ŵӥɵˣ񲿵Ǽǡ
ӥɵÿˣ쵽һơ
ƣǵķ淹
ִᣬ·֮⣬͢ǰסģƾƣסִ壬ʳ
ִ壬ǹݿԺĵġ
СĿԺҲǧϡ
ִᣬĶǶϵɣɣֻжʮ˸еɼҲᳬ١
ŵǣִ壬ߵһԺǰ
ԺϷϣдšӥɡ֡
ִỹмſĻӥǵһģٺ֮ŵ֪ǣڳκ⣬ȥȻȥ
ӥɵʦڣ⻹ǵһθܵԳ͢ӡ
֮һ˿죬ܿͱڴ
ŵ뿪֮Ҳ಻סźú鳤ķˡ
ʱŵѾص˼
ָץбȻ˼¡
ӥצţצ֣ȫʮָץ֮䡣
޵ڹķ˫ϵѨλ;һִӥצޱȣóۣǵѨֽʯڻ¡
ɣὫ򵥵ʽ֮ڡ
ڹķǱȻ⴫ġ
˿̣ŵӥצѨλѾӵм̵⡣
Ϊٱǵŵġ
ΪԺҸÿſڶ˺ܶ
ŷڣŷϻ̧һƣ¶ı顣
үղſڿץ˼£ȴӥצľŷϡ
ȭģƷצҲ侫ͨղ£Щӥצ˼
ŷ߳˵үεִᣬҿɲԲ룬ҲЩʦдд衭
ŵȻԣ񲿸һӡ
μӴǿߵȻԽԽã޷ǾǶһ·һӵ顣
ŵȥһˣӺͰѾĽˡ
ŵطۣ˻˯
ûдԷʱûн
ڵ˵ʲô鶼û˯Ҫ
ԹϢƬ̣Щģһ
һͻĽһͬ⡣
Ȼû˵ֻҪԣͬ˼
淨е
һߣҲԶߣһССģ֯Сòʴƣ֮䴫ȥ
ĽǴ˵֡
࣬ϷһЩѶȵĶÿδ򶼾׼
ǲ˵ֿЭϷ˵Ǻܼ򵥵顣
ϰģЭȻǣҵľΪҲѲ
ŵЩǣ˾ȻҲȫǵĽࡣ
ȻʲôΪûУշߣҽ֮ľʲÿһδҲܽӵÿһС
ŵ˼ˣĿתƵϡ
򣬶۾Ǻкôģ£ҵĻһûиղôƣˡ
ķűƿ
˴˸Ƿ˸
һ˯ʮ
Ⱳӣʹû˯ôľ
ûʲôΣʱеƣʧˣ˾
ӷ߳Ҳ̷˽ȥ
ŵע⵽һͨͨϷ˲ȥ֮ԭǳкĳ棬ܿͱơ
ٶԱ죬ͰԼ֮䴫ݵʱ򣬹ʮ㣬һЩ֣һЩζ
ÿ򴫵Ǳʱཱུܽ
һֽŵķΧҲб⡣
˻򣬵ȵɫʱ˱ϷԻصԵķ䡣
ǰȻʶһ顣
ղ˯һþ˯״̬ʮ㡣
ǣ˯ˣô
ڵҹɫУȴ˿˯⡣
֮£ֻߵԺڵһ䣬ţѾϴ軻˯£׼˯ķ˴ţˣʵˣôˣʲô𣿡
˵˯ţ˵˵
ЦЦ˵ɣҲЩġ
Ƭ̺ǰ˼֮󣬷˿ڵʱҿˣԹͽ㣬Թ
̾˿
๫ҸˣôûԹأ
˿ĳ˵ǣѾҵŮˣһֱǻе⣬ҲΪѣеӡҲġ
Գ˵УҲûʲôӡ󡭡
ҡҡͷ˵ûкӡΪʲô㽣׼һһģһģ˵ںĸܣôƯôĹû˻ġ
˱Щ˼ʲô尡
С˵˼䣬һ£˵ԭǴװɵƭҵģ
Цһο飬ͨ˿飬ھεľˣǴ̬֮ȣӦҲһЩ仯ɣ
˻һ¡
Ŷ
֮ǰһ
̬֮ȣȷǰһˡ
ˣʵӦô죿
˴չȥС˵˼䡣
գգ۾ɻͿ𣿡
ͼ˳Էˣʱд㻹һ¡


230 
峿ŵ֮ʱѾͽһ㡣
ǵӣǺͼһ˯ġ
ǺͰһ˯ģ϶ᣬҲô硣
ϴԹ緹֮ԺгŵԺеʯԣЩڹķ
ŵߣҲѧϰҾ䡣
һڣиԵҪæ
ĳһ̣һӰ˽
˵ֻϣ֧Ǻ«ߵŵͰߣֱݸֻ˵ղڽϿǺ«ģ͸Ҳˡ
Ȼߵμ˵ߣһ֧ݸ
ŵͰһۣӱ˴˵У˲˼顣
ֻǹһϣȴǻһˣ濴óԵģȻǣôһ˲䣬ŵɣǲǺ«¿ˮˣ
ֲ²⣬Ȼ̫⡣
ŵ˵˽⣬ǲġ
Ȼ֪һϷʲôͬһ£ŵȻϣܹͺģ⿴˵ֱ仯
ԽŵԽò˼
컯ŪˣլӵŮˣӦ
λ˼һ£ˣ̬Ѿˡ
ҹŵ鷿չһ壬׼ȥϢָڵԺӣ룬˹ȥ
Ƭ̺˵ķ䡣
ǰֳ°ͣеĻ淢
Ϣ׵ߵ˯ţ˯ѣ֪ζȹҹüҺȻ
һ̣洫
߹ȥ򿪷ţվŵʵôˣʲô
ŵʵôˣ㻹˯
תȥ˵˯š
ŵ֪˯ţ˽»ˣŵƵķֻпġ
Ҳûж˵ʲôǬ˵ϴɡ
΢΢һ㶣ЩԼĶ䡣
ϣϴ
μ˺ɻڼء
ѵеʱĻԼ
˽˵ֻҪμ˺һ㣬ͻӵںҲ̫˰
ŵŸʲô㰴֮һҪȥ˯ء
˻˻ȻĬĬߵߣڴϣԼӡ
ŵϴ֣Ǭ֮ڴߡ
ַԴϣ׼Ѩλ
ϴεľ飬׼֮˲ûнг
ߣеİģҲ׷
ǣޱѵƬ̵İĦ֮󣬾Ϳʼ΢ľϮ
ԽԽأԽԽأ޷ֿ
һӺ
źƽȣѾ˯ŵˣŵվϴ֣Ϩ˵ƻ𣬹Ϸ뿪
ˣӵʵһΡ
һ㣬ҲӦõġ
ص󣬰ѾȲӭֵôŹ˼ҵþˡ
ŵ͵⼸ʧأҸ˰ͷϼߵѨλ
˯ˣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵˯ҲŹġ
ⲻ̫ҽŻ𣿡
Сʱ˯ŵʱĸͻŮҽĦֻðһС˯һȵĺþ
ŵѾ˯̽˽ȥЦĻкܶ࣬պ֪ˡ
һ˿ΣСߣĹҲܶ࡭
иƣãˡ
ʫԻ˴ﻨݣ硭

ʱѮɳִٰ͢ᣬҲٽ
İգԴֻţ̫ԶˣʲôִᣬǸĽյ׼ۺͲ˼ۻ᲻ǡ
ԴˣҲôġ
ִٰ֮ͬ͢ᣬֻһĿģǾǸĶҵ
ʵ֤뷨ǶԵġ
£ûҹԱǵ鷳
Įģ˵ȴǼʮеĴ¡
͢ξִٰᣬͷɣһȱϯڣɽĳɣҲɳеʦ
⼸գ½½вλɵִﳤ
Ϊ˸õĽͷЩɣÿſڣ˽㡣
дСִľ޴ֻҪ߽ţܿٻɺԡ
ʮλǹӰۼڶſڡ
Խݵǹš
ǹλʦΪȻڶɣɽһڶеĶ
ٳһλʦǹžһɡ
ִᣬǹҲӣλʦʮλŵӣǧĸ
һκͳ͢򽻵ǹбЩûס
ոս˳ţͿĽЩ񲿵ĹԱЩˣҲΪǳ׷ġ
һϣ˸ˮá
ѣ㽶ӣ֦ȡ
һ·糾͸ϵڿʣЩˮǡýȼü֮
ǳˮԽݺóԵĶࡣ
ⱲӳԵóԵˮ
Ҫÿһ˵ǼǣƣõʱҪһ㡣
ȴĹУǹŵĵҲûţһӵˮܿͱǳԹˡ
Щˮζʵˣλʦûס㽶֦
һʼǻ㽶ƤƤƤ֦֮ķϡ
ΪӼСܿͷŲˣ˲Сڣܿģ֮ϣǶµĹƤˡ
ͬʱ
һš
źǰִﳤſڵȴ񲿽
ŵĵӣÿ˵ı󣬶һѴ󵶡
֮ˣؽ
ĳڳ˲ٰյע⡣
ԶԶĿǣָָġ
ЩǸʲôģ
ǱǱģ˰
Ƕע͢𣬹ҪִٰᣬЩ˿϶μִġ
˵ýõ
ҾýҪȻΪʲôѧô࣬ѧûм
Ҿõ㿴棬ȫõģмý϶ǵǿ

ţʹЩ˵ݣ˵֮
ЩۣɵʦûᣬһЩӣȴЩ̲סˡ
һλƲƲ죬˵Ȼѧ˶࣬Ҫ˵ǵʤһ
ŵĵˣȻ⣬ȻȽǿΪʲôôѧѧ
ΪȽѡ
ƨ仯ǧЩѧç򣬳ʲô
ΧΧ۵İգִݣֲ´˴˵˵иƨãǴһǿ˭Ӯ˾˭˵öԡ
ʹ򣬾ĳЩç򲻸ҡ
ӣ
λѪյߣ˭Ҳ˭ԶǽµĿյȥ


231 ῪĻ

ִ塣
͢Ϊ˾ٰεִᣬһͿԺ˻ݣʳһӦȫɣס
վִٰˣںɽ⣬ɣѾִﳤ
ɶԣһ;һ˳
·ϳʲô飬ڵִﳤ֮
ӥɵţĵһ죬Ϊ̵ߣֱ񲿵ĹԱȥ飬űų
飬Ц˺ü졣
ǹŵˡ
񲿺ĸṩũˮ֮󣬽Ƥӵĵǣֱץ˸š
ڳƻҪܵġ
źڸףɵӣȻڳڳе򶷣ԼǵҲۣһؽ˴
ҹǳɵʦһ˵
֮ڣǽֹƵġ
ƽպþƳɷ磬ǹط꣬ǲʹܾò˵ʲô
ǣɵʦǣλڣԼĳ¥ʹȴСʱѲߵĽץ˸š
ʹ׾ٵİЩҲڴĹͳ͢ԣֻʵʵڽдһҹȵϣ֪ͨ񲿹ȥˡ
ЩɣƽԼĵ̣һǵͷߡ
ֻҪǲɱ˷Ż𣬴ҽᣬٸҲô
ǴĹйĹأڳŹ̵ڽͷйΪ
ɹˣ׾ͻ˹ء
⼸죬񲿵λСԱνǵȻ
øɶЩ˼˼μִᣬǾ˼ҡ
ŵɵЩʦͻִ壬Щһ͵˼ңϵı鼫䲻˼ɽŸޱȲ˵˼ǸС鷳ˡ
ŵ˰֣˵ǰ𣬹ûǰǳĹأ˺ʱ̣Ͳڽͷ߶ˣӦøƼһһľ¥ġ
ɾףִ屻ŵ˲ƵĹ涨
ԣЩʦƼһľ¥
¥ľƣǳһƵʳ͹ӣũңûһʵͱƽԤԼ¥λá
ŵƾԼӣ¥ʱԤԼһᡣ
ȵ̫¥ֲЩʦ֪ҹĹأʱˣڽͷй䣬ѲߵĽץ˸š
ŵϵõϢŽ
ڽ֪Щ˵ݣҲûΪǡ
Ȼŵ˵ɵʦǣ϶ô롣
ȼλʦܿеִ֪ᣬȫ˼ޣʦܵõĳ͢ϿɣһӦȨҲһƶġ
˵Ǿ¥ľƣĴ㣬һʢϯҲ˼ΪǰԤõģǴͷβûлһӡ
˼һƬģΪԼĴȥ˼ңôǻȥˡ
Щʦͻִŵͻصҡ
µıִỹûпʼĿģѾһС롣
ɵʦʮλЩɢɢСɣϵʦѾнʮλˡ
Ҳвɣ˳֮ʮֵĹأŵûץסǵİѱ
ԤϵǣôʦĻҲԾûںϵļ
Ҳ޷Ǿǵʱ򣬻һЩѡ
ڵȫĵ
ںɽﳤɡ
ӵеǿߵţһҲǺġ
ʱɳٰ͢ĵһᣬܽ԰пĻ
ܽ԰ǴĹߵĻʼ԰֣һЩʢĵʽѡٰ졣
ڶһ磬񲿵ĹԱŸ֮ˣܽ԰
԰ڵĺϣͣһҸߴ¥
¥㣬һ;ƽ̨
ƽ̨֮ϣһżϰƼȣɫ㡣
¥Ķƽ̨֮ϣҰΪĿߵһ㳡
񲿱źʮ׽ĿϷ磬裬֡ɹ͢ұݣѭ͢ƣһĿϳѰ˴ûл͡
¥֮ϣһʳһ;ܹۿЩʷ׳ʵıݡ
ţʵ̫ˡ
˵ߴֱɣǹͨġ
ҪǾ˵Ķã赸Ķ޷˵Ȼ
ɴ龰ϵã˶ܵ
ͳִٰ͢ȣڵᣬԵø⺮ᡣ
ųʦǵ֮ġ
Щĵӣȥ֮Ҳ˺ʦֵǴʱ
Ļһʱ֮󣬻иɵı㡣
ɵ̨ԼɵѧǴչʾʵĳϣЩС˵Ҳеڸǰ¶Ļᡣ
¥ϵĸ㣬ֻǰ͡
Ļͱ㳡Ĵò͡
Թе֣֮ƷҪִзʢ;µĶ࣬ɵʦǣֹһεԼҵӣעòʱҪԼɶˡ
ŵϯ䲻ͣ߶͸ɵʦ̸Ц
óЩ棬˼ҸͱͽΣʧȥ棬ȻҪںҲ
һĿĻͻӭ֮˼ɻ
֮ǰĽѵɵӶעࡣ
ڳǬĽֵϣû˸̵ЩΪڳҹ䣬һʱصִ壬ڲ֪£ʲôɷԼСɶ´

ŵǰһ徭ѨλͼЩʵĶƺֿɼֻһıĤһ㱡Ĥȴʼ޷ͱơ
Ŀӻջʦ
ʵедʮǰûеڶֻôˣ˳ʱ򲹻


232 ĸŮ
ִ塣
Ļ֮һϢҲ񲿴˳
ִᣬһд轻ĻᣬҲǸչʾʵƽ̨
εĻᣬ͢еʦѡʮλ衰ʮʦš
ʮλʦеʦ
ΪʮʦȻûʲôʵʵĺô
ȴǼġ
ʮʦӻ£ڲͬҲǴ졣
ɼ͢ΪεִᣬҲǻһЩǮġ
ʦıԣԸμӣǿơ
ڸɵʦԣˣǾܾԵԼˣ
޵ڶܸˣûʲôöġ
ǿ߽ĵӶûУǲĶˡ
ʦı֮⣬͢Ƴư
ɷʮ£ΪڵϵĵӣԲưᡣ
ưֻȡʮˣʮˣ൱ǵõ֤͢ģһǿ콾
Ϊߣһǿʤ֮ġ
οִ͢ſڣʯ
Ϊʮʦ߽ư񣬿ʯϿԼ֡
ִУ֪ӣѾĦȭơ
ڶһ磬ŵԹ緹֮󣬴ż˺ִ塣
ÿһλʦ似ļߣ࿴ʦıԣҲвС
ŵ̸ܽǸ似ܷƾһŵһҪԼ
Իûпʼŵȴż˺ˣڵԺӡ
һΣʮλʦʮλӣǲμɡ
ʦ
һλʦЦӭȥ
ĸߵλŮʦҲ֣ϲĴ
þòˡ
ôѾͷֱƯˣ
С
Ϥĳã⼸Ӱ߹ʱϵЦݾʧˣܿ˲
һߵǰ˵ʦãþòЩȥˣ
ϵЦʧǺò˵ʦֺþò
Ӱһ˵ʦʦ
΢΢ͷЦԽԽƯˣ½Сӣŵʱ춼߶㡣
û˵ʲôһŮӿһۣ˵ûأ뿪һ֪࣬Щӣжڵ𣬱ﵱһв˵Ц
ڰţ͵͵ܳţһû츳ͨ˳ףִźӣĻţһñá
ʮŮֺͬ顣
߹˵ҵŮԼ̣ܽͲͷʦˡ
ŮӵĿһۣ˵ǻܽŮͲ㵱һ͵ˣֻϣμǵĽѵҪصĸޡ
ɫķϣԷĻȷʵץסʹ㣬޷
ʮ䣬һֱȰŮӵķ͡
ԼԼˡ
˶ƭӣ׷Ѱʲô翵İ飬׷
ϾֻҪŬͱضջ
ֱ׷֪Ϊһʱ֮ţһô޴顣
Щ飬ǲҲܽ͡
ܵڴĲæȰʦãʦãǲҪһͳܣﲻţ˿֣ʦãıϾҪʼˣȥɡ
ȵ뿪֮һλŮʦ࣬εôһͳܣŻ
ķָŮӵıӰ˵Ҳˣµģÿζ£
һλŮʦֱۣοֲǲ֪֮ǰŵһţеӶΧңıƯ츳Ҳã֮ŵеӶΧתˣôܲ㡭
ŵĽζһĶԹһĸӾʡ
ĸˣȻҲжˡ
Ҳ˭бڸ£ڲռ£˵˼
ʱһλŮʦѾ˹żˣЦ˵Ǽ˰ɣ˳һģһ˲ڣҿ·ֲ
һλŮʦ˵һϿʼˣǱ߱˵ɡ
뿪СԺԳصķȥ
ΪҪƵĿԣÿһԺһƬСĿյء
⴦ԺĿյأŵ˱ԵĳأΧ˿̨⿪Ʊ
ĴٹǣʲôһЩͨĽĿǣʦıԣôʦһӶû
ŵ̨ϹЧõλǣȻ۸񶨵ߣǹӦ
̨һλãóһ֣ҪЩɡ
ÿɣж
ŵһڵ˸ղλʦ
ղ˵̫һʦߣʮʦҲ˽ʮʦļ¼¼ܿͱĸ˴ˡ
˼䲻Ըž;ԡ
Ůƺ˸ղŵĲ죬࣬ýѵ˵˵ͲСˣĻ£㿼ǵôˣʣһУӦûܱȵù½òҲһ˲ţ㻹ʲôģ
ŮĬĬͦͦء
Щ̽ĸס
Щ಻ǵһ˵ˡ
̫һʦ
ǰԼҲô룬ڶ෽ѹ֮£ڷɶ
ڡ
վŮӱꡣ
Ҳܽһ˲ţ
Ҫ֪ʲôŽһ˲š
תͷŵ˵ŵ
ŵڿ֣һʱûӦ
ôеĳƺȻܴĸ˵˵
ǰ¶֮ɫ
࿴˵ȻҵŮҲǰڵӣŵĳǶҪ񡣡
ŵԣֻñ˱ȭ˵λϡ
ڵĳ֪λ񲿵ԱȻʦõŮ
ԣѵ˼ˣ
ȻòӢʷǷû˿ȻǸͨˡ
ʮ겻ŵӣּ޸һͨˣ
ĸŮ
ŮԣҲһ£㵵˼ˣ
Ҳûйͣ˵ǳʱ򣬾Ͷ˻Լ
Ůӿŵüû츳
෴ʵû츳ôˣ˭˵һҪߣ黭ͨǿƾ״ԪˣҲų˴´ˡ
Ů촽˶˵û츳ԺĺӣҲû츳
ЦɷҲû츳Ů츳ѵʲôˣԼ飬ʦ㻹ȹܺԼɣ㶼ʮˣԼûмˣܱСʲô
˵ɴ۾࣬һξãȻҲ˵ôеĻ


233 ΪĸŮ
㣡
Ůӱһ仰˵ĳƷȻ˵Ϊ֮ǰľһֱЦŮȴеʦĽġ
츳Ȳ࣬òȲ࣬û츳׿Ů
ˣһֱҪ˼޸ĵӡ
û뵽Ȼ൱һһӳţ޸һû츳ˡ
ŮӴһӣĸŮԸԸʶ䣬ҹܲţҲܡ
೰һЦ˵ɷǳ͢ƷԱŮ״ԪԺգǰ;ʦҪ䣬ҲҪл䡭
ŮӴŭ˵ʲôȴλʦ
ʦãʦãˡ
ô˶ڿأ˿Ц
ϸϳˣ׼׼ɡ

࿴Ű˵Ůӣ΢΢̧°ͣһֻʤ˵Ĺ
ʦ㶷ô꣬ʤʱ̡
ȻԼ츳ߣԷҲұ곤꣬ΪϣԼĶ֡
һŭ֮£˻صڣǸɡ
ֱգü
˳һڶȻ
ӯභ꣬һֱѹһͷȴһ˵޷²ƺǰһˡ
ȷе˵Ǹеˡ
һӻߵ̨֮ϣһλһ˵쳤ϣ
ӯ鼫Ҳʶӣδаɡ
ǵһʦ֮ĽߵĿ̨ϯ
ǶԸɵʦԣֲͬɣͬ·ǿͬԾҲǼ亱ġ
ʮʦ֮óǩķʽ
һɵʦʵһҪǿһЩ
Ϊƽﲻȱʦд轻Ļᣬеָ㣬ֻһλʦģֻԼʵձ鲻ʦ
ЩʦǿΪ顣
ֱǩ̨ͬսʤ߽̭
һսӯĶ֣ҲʦߵĲ࣬ȴǳԡ
ΧĿ̨֮ϣԸɵʦСš
ڹȻ鴫
һ̫彣¯ֻ࣬ɽǼλܹ赲
λʦ˭ʮᣬĽȻһ㣬տ쳤ιˡ
ʶģӦɽׯλɡ
ȣɽׯûκЩɵʦûɽׯ֡
һЩʶ㲩֮ˣǽ͡
ϸ˵ɽׯһɣһҡ
ǵļҴѧһһľԹ㣬УȴһŹ֮ȡ
λɽׯʦŵҲʶ
ĵһ죬Ϊ㽶Ƥһλ·ˣߣŵȥġ
λʦĽ˵ӺˣɽǼͽȲ
Ҳʲôֵ顣
ʦʲôᣬ֮ϣ
ͨʦܲóȭŹɵʦ½ȥӥɣŵʦƴȭţҲܵĽ֡
ִ֮ϵıԣûƵġ
һ;϶ǿȭţóȭŵģʹģֻϡ
ҲѡĻᣬֻǲöѡ
ɽׯλʦó㣬֮䣬ϵѰҹĻᡣ
˵ԵƣڳʦȴһӻС
ƾ嵥ڵʦǣ޷
һԹ˶ǵɽׯ֡
Եĳ֮УɽׯʦƾصӯһһεĽȻҲھѰҽĻᣬԷķܲ͸磬һ˿ûС
ͱȲ϶֡
ȥľ֮ǻܡ
ĳһ̣˳ɣϵ𽣣һ˵鴫ĳʰ·硣
ӯĿһۣûпڣת⡣
ӶԴҲû˵ʲô֮УǿΪ
˼ǴĵһţǲλʦɽׯҲǺġ
̨ɵʦǣһĻֻڵʦ߰ȴҲ̫Ĳס
ڵˣˣѾϰˡ
񲿵ĹԱһԵĽʱһȻ
ţ
˵ߣ˴ӿ̨Ӱ
඼΢΢һ㶣ˣʵҪʲô
μ˺˶ҡҡͷҲ֪ŵʲô
ŵߵУλ񲿵վˡ
ŵ΢΢ͷĿӯʵǰǰڱԿʼͽ֮󣬶Ϊʲôûл񣿡
⣬ӯ΢΢һ㶡
һʵһز񣬹ʲô飿
ŵӻȡһĲӣ˵ִڼ䣬ʽ֮ǰԽ֮ӮҪʾ⣬ʾأǰȴӣⲻǲشᣬҲǲĶ֣ѵ˵ڵʦ͸һȣرʦ𣿡
һһƬž
һֱ˵˳֮⣬ڳʦ
ھٰʱڵЩʦжʵǷС
Ҷʦƾʲôڵʦ͸һȣ
ǳ͢
ǲһ
ۼΣɽׯʦ߹Χλˣûϵġ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ⲻǰһ˵飬ڣд裬ض֣ÿһ˶ӦĻڣֶأⳡԣҲʧȥ塭
ɽׯׯԣҲû˵ʲôˡ
仰ٴ˵ڳ֮˵
ⲻڣҲغ£Ͳָ쳤ϵıӣû²òˡ
ò˵ʹ찡
ղű೰ֱŮڣӯĿ֮£֪Ҳֻ˵ԲҲ֪档
ŵ˵Ȿ棬ÿһĴͷһ֪ǰԲشᣬضֵɣջ棬ǰҪڽʡһʱдʮ顣
ӯ俴ǰˣ
һëûˣƾʲô
ŵʵҲԸأ
ŵ˵һʦȻܶôΥ棬ŲϷıʸᱻȡⳡԣǰʤ
ӯŭ˭Ĺǳ͢µأ˵
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵˼ǱٶģǰʲôȥͶңȨ֮ǰػ棬ҾҪ뿪ˡ
ʦɫɰױٱӣûסЦ
ôʦ棬Ƕˡ
Ķһ̣ڵõͷš
ǵŮ
һ̣ŵץΪﶼôƽˡ


234 Ҳǹ
ӯŵɫһһھһ֮ڵͷҧϷ
飬Ѿܶˡ
ôϳȥɾ澡ʧûٻˡ
ǽʡһʱд涨ʮ𣬳ͳ
ŵˣ΢΢ͷ˵ϣǰʡĶض֣ҲԼ
£Сӯǰҡ
·ߵʱͦصĿһۣӯͷ뿪
ϣһŮ
һĻҲڳʦǣ
ڵʦ˵ͷͳͷοǣ
ҲǸոסʱڴĿλãһСӡ
󲿷˲ûн˲ᵱ£ַֻ˷ͽ֮һˡ
ۿ쳤ޱ֮ǲӻطСӴΪ֪˹أһˣҪպͳ桭
дһЩԼע֮⣬ȷж档
ִڣƣǻĵһ
һܹ⡣
£ʵǿߣһƣӲѵʱһЩͷľٶܻɼصĺ˼
ɭϵĴɣҲ֮ڲƵĹ涨
֮⣬ֹ˽¶Źֹ˽ִ壬ֹˣӦͰУֹӡ
Щ棬һзʦһܷ
ûйأɷԲ
ΪĹؿ϶ɭϣˣĽֵõΰ
˿ЩȻ̣Ҳܹ⡣
ڱ֮ǰ֮Ҫ񣬷㱻Ϊض֡
һ㣬ʦҲѲ֧֡
λӢĹԱ˵ض֣ڣڵʦҲȱ˸һȣ˭ϣԼõأ
񲿣ĸϸڣֱ㵽
εִȣ֮νᣬСӹҼһ
쳤ϵĽѵȣڶλڳϳ֮ʱʮֱֿȭ񣬱һּгչ
λʦһóȭһóƷ
һԣԾͱһǿˡ
һЩͬóȭŹʦĿתĶų˵Ӱ֮ɵĳȲʡ
ŵĿⶢ̨ϣȴűġ
ҵλܣǸŰ
ҲǷҲ棬ԼĹأֻҪϺҲ𵽺ɷͬЧ
ղţŮӵĻѾڷ֮ϡ
λ쳤ϣڸֹ⣬ĸ֮ϡ
Ҳоľƽ֮ȻûܳɹҲŵһЩԼһЩϵ
ʹԺе˼·
ŵѾţĽڵʦ
һŵһǣμˣЦݺڵĳϽܡ
Ǽˣ˵Ľ㡣
ŵ˵๫١
Ȼˣǿǵ´ͻģҪգܺϲơ

һɲŮòڵʦǣҲЦſޡ
ĳʦöλŮǳ⡣
ŵʱ򣬿ɲйЦݡ
ʱһһλŮʦʵʦã㲻˵лԼ𣿡
ƫͷһˣֻǿһЦ˵˺˶ҵŮ˭׶һġ
Сٵĸߡ
ʲô˭׶һģȻ˭׶һģμ˰๫
ʱϵıԣѾֳʤ
ϵǣλóƷʦȻˡ
˵˱Գ֮⣬Щš
һͷҵߣ˱ȭ˵ˡ
ΪڵĳϣȻһļһвãʦõĽѵȣǱ˱ȭȻͷ뿪
ŵЩ죬ڵĽǿȭŷҲ
Ȼܴڵĳϣǵ͹ϻƵʵ
ϴǸɱǵʦܺôãӦҲǵ֮
λڵĳϴͷɥ뿪ÿһֱ̭ˣҲûʮʦĻᡣ
ȵѡʮʦ֮ǻһսĻᡣ
ĸûʸλʮʦͿսսɹԷλá
ֻᣬÿֻһΣҪúðա
ܹ󻯵Ľʡʱ䣬ʮλʦÿ˶Ҫʣ˱һ֪Ҫȵʲôʱȥ
ϻƵζߵŵߣһȦЦ˵ڣȻ鴫ϷʮֵĹƳˡ
ŵƳһۣʵôΣ
ϻ΢΢һ㶣ʵôˣ
ΪܺİЩʦŵνǽʾ֭ô©һ
ǱСӣָһ˵᳡֮ڣרŵ̷ֹڹϳΣӰˣΥʡһʱʮ飬ԼҲΥ棬Լȥ췣ɡ
ϻϨ˿ˡ
ǿִֵĹôô̶࣬˳顭
Ȼ²ۣʵȥʡ
үĹأԼأүĸ飿
൹ֵĿ⣬ű뿪ϻơ
ȥȻ֪λʦ
һλʦţѾˣǽռʶ˵ʵ֮͸Ϊˡ
ܴʦ֣˵˲һλʦһλʵεʦ
ˣǵõܸߵ׵ĻʳһЩҺ֮У˵ǱҲΪ
ȻԸҵһͨŷ
ػɣǲʲôѱϡ


235 ѵ
ⳡִᣬλʦʮλ
ʮʦ֮һҪʮһԣսС
ʮһԣʵȫһ֮ڽϡ
ƾٵ࣬ʱΪգһ֮ڽһơ
Ļŵû̫ʱ佫ЩʦͽҷʡʱԽ׼ͿԽ㣬ҲɵĴĿġ
һʮԣͽˡ
ʱ䣬˿ɻ
ִд轻Ҳã˻ȥҲգ񲿶ĸ档
Ҳ˿
ıԽ֮õòʱ䡣
ִڣרʳãʳĶÿϴгɹʵġ
Ϊ˸õò飬ŵĳִܳӹ˼λֻʳϴв˵İ֣ǳ¥Ĵ
ʡĹͣҲûִ
ɵĵǣʳõķ޲ڡ
ôںڸ֮ʦǣòϣ͢£ȻϸһЩϸϣȴ˼¡
㵽κһСɸоӣ˶һֱصĸо
ʳõķˣչ˵˵Ŀζ
ĵļϵУҿζڣ˺ǧ֮ĵطƷڵļʳ
һЩһЩ˸жϸڡ
ͬһϵͬһˣڲͬݸζҲ
纣ݲˣȻҲϷϵĳһ֧⿵ʱϰ߷Ÿǡ
ΪкݵǰͬĲƷȴעһǺݿζֻ˵СɣҲܵ˱ӵζ
óԣʦ쳢
ҲʦҸһݣ
òãҳԲˡ
ѽͳһڣ㳢һڣĺܺóԵģ

ʦҹ˼ӣʳɺзȡ
Щӣɾûݶˡ
ۻҵζȣǳ볢Ǹκʳޣ֮ʳֻǳֹһھͻһߣתѰĿꡣ
ܿ죬ǰϣͶʳ
ſڵĲиͰУҲ˷ѵķˡ
ڣɽĴɣµӣдɵȣܹסڸ֮
ЩСɵĵǣȫȻˡ
Էֲûӣʳɹ뷨̫ʳﶼ˷ѡ
ЩɵʦȻҲǣҪ̫˷ѣû𵽶Ч
飬飬飡
ʱƵȻ˶С
ͻأ˲ɵѭķȥ
ֻ񲿹Աߵǰ棬ɨһۼ϶ķˣһӣ˵ͣһͣ
֮ʳãĲ죬ڳԷģҲͣеĶ
ʦǣҲ׼Ļ
̶̵ļգ˵УѾ㹻š
ڸɵΪΥץߵʱǳġ
Щ죬ĳ͢ԱϹϾ
ǶԴڵʦҲ顣
֪䣬ЩʦѾ㹻ӡ
ŵĿɨˣ˵λִ֪ľٰ죬һ˳ƾٸոս͢ڿƾ֮ϣ˲Ǯ飬񲿵һִٰʱ򣬳͢ǳַԵ̬ȡ
˶ţЩ飬ǵȷ֪
ŵ˵񲿾ã֣͢ǶϵΪطϵҪ͢Ӧ㹻ӣĺֽϵ񲿵Ĳи֮£εִᣬҲΪǰȡһЩʦȨ
˵ע֮£ŵſڡ
͢ĲޣΪܽʡһѣ񲿺޲һǮĻִ壬ڿƾٿԺĻϸɵģȻסĵطªһЩ棬񲿾ƾ˵ĴǴӹģеʳģҲǵմʲɹ
һУΪôڴڼ䣬סԵĿģôķ˱˷ѣ˵ʵҺʧ
ŵָָ棬Ȼ˵˵ԶģڣգһԹÿպһϡ඼ѣĸ㣬ֻܶһڣͻһߡ
һڣֻü鲻ͬ㳢ζ֣ķȥ
һЩСɵӣĬĬͷ¶֮ɫ
ŵ˵һʼͼִᣬĹԱִ֪˷ʳ˷ѳ͢Ĳضᵯ񲿣ʱ򣬿һִᣬҲһ졭
Щ˷ʳĸɵӣͷĸ͡
ĬþõĳĬ
ʳ֮ڣš
ɵӴҳɵʦǣҲ·ص֮ʱųѵʱ
Ͳδѣ˵ҲأǸ
ƫƫ˵Ļ˵
֪˶ãŵٴοڣƳĬ˵һһ˼֮ףϣյ飬ҪٷڶΣ緹󣬷˷ʳ֮ˣԾȥҷʡһʱӷɵʦǰ൱һܷͬ˷Ǿѡ
˵꣬ԹԵ˳ȥ
ãʳ֮ڣſʼ½
ڣɽɵĵӺͳǣûʲôĸܣΪǲû˷ʳճϸ
Щɵĵǣ򶼵ͷ
ɵʦһߡ
ǧ˶ˡ
˼ЩŴɵĵӣٿǣ
ͷʲôԷ
ԲˣԲôʲô
˭õĶ˭ȫҳԹ⣬ԲߣʲôʱԹˣʲôʱԷ
۵ĶȻȥ˵ģ
ɵǶˣ

Թ󣬸ɵʦԾĴµǰʡҡ
˷ʳﶼǲԵġ
ǰ̵ץץڽ߱ץǵǱʶѾγ˳غܶĹ
˷ʳﱻʡƺҲӦ
ֻԼһұǵȷˡ
˼ɣʣµССɣһ⣬һܷҲͲôˡ
ĽңһӿôˣҲԵøӵ
ڣʦѵӵ
ʱ֮ڡ
ŵԺһֽϻʲôദں棬ǰ̽ͷ˿һʱɫһ죬һڣĵôֲĶ
ڶ۵ʱȴ΢΢һһ˿Ϥĸо
ֽûд·Ůӣ֮Ǽߣƺľľͼ
ľľͼʲôѵƽľɣ
ûٿĬĬ뿪
ôǰû飬һʮСһ
ŵʧ֮󣬿ﵽϡ
Ů֮⣬е¡
һ뵽ղѵЩʦĿ³ø졭


236 ı
ŵûע⵽ࡣ
еעǰľͼϡ
һ㣬Ͳôһ㡣
ʮλʦ⣬ԺС
ͨʮѧķ֪ÿһķԡ
ͬѨλֳͬԣһѨλһѨλԽȻ෴Ѩλ˳ͬҲܻȫȻͬĽ
ôʦ͸򣬾ҪĶƺѾԶˡ
ʼղôһ㡣
ǵüӴȡ

ִѾٿա
ûĸţĳ֯һټôʦ
ÿһλʦԼصļ⡣
ÿһ̽ջĶ࣬ڵʦҲôв顣
һ㣬ҲʵЩʦ
ǾǲǳһɵڣɽؼһɣǶɣϵʦµӣѽʡĳͷ
˷ѷˣ

Գٵ
ҹޣ
ִƣ
Կʼ֮ǰ֮ûкͶ⣬

㲻㲻
ĳһɵĵΥ˻棬ǵҲһȥҷʡ
Ϊ˲ˣɵ⼸ʳò͵ʱӶǬǬ
ˣеʦа˳ɶȥҡ
ǶԴϰΪ
мˣǴӰյĿУҲ˽⵽һЩ顣
ǳ͢ĹԱڴ̵óٵˣҲᱻץηʡǱץɣֹЩӲãԸĸЩץ˵ɡ
ô˵Ҳǡ
˼Ҿôµġ
ʮʦѡĵֱԡ
ǰֵıԣʮλʦֻʣʮˡ
ջа˳ԣÿһԵʤߣʱʮʦ֮λ
յʧߣջлϯλ
Խеգںɽʦչֳ˿ֲͳ
ʮУаλڣλɽɣֻ̩ɽͺɽˣһλŵŷϻơ
ʮλʦλ֡
ɽλʦ֮󣬾һ̭
ɣҲλ
ԣͿĿһɺͶɵĲ
ϻƣŵ࿴
ûκαʤԣֻһ˫ȭһ׺͵ȭֱһλƷʦһλʦһλǹʦ
ŵѾЩ棬һµ׸ٹǮ
ĵһԣǺĸ˲̫Ըλǰ
Ȼһʵӹɡ
ӵĹ򣬱곤˶ʮ̩ɽţͱ̭֡
һ;̫ᣬ鲻㣬̫˥ֲɱ⣬ʮͣʵ۷ڡ
̨֮ϣŽЩ档
һϳˡ
̫ãһֵĶ֣ɽš
տʼѧʱ򣬶ԷѾޣһʦ
ɽĽ֮ϣһʻ䡣
һˣվҪˣϯλɻӼҡ
Щʱ˴߹ݸһֽ˵ŵġ
ӹֽĿȥ΢΢һ
ֽϣд˼׽С
ĳ׵ĽǴвУȻҡ
Сѧ˵ͨҽеʽʮϤģֻǿһʽ֣ԺУͻḡֳĻ档
ԤϵǣЩƴյĽУȻһŤͬµĽһ㡣
˵˵ֻҪ⼸׽мסˣڱԵʱ򣬾Ҳ̫ѿ
Ƴ˲Զż˺Ů˵ŵһۣСӣĸôû
ȷûġ
ŵڽϵ裬̹ģͷϸĿ⼸׽У߶ʮһȽ¡
ţԵ޹ʸֽ
һߣŵͰһ𣬼ĸĿֽջߡ
֮ǰһλɽҹޣ¥һʱ鷿֡
ڼ䣬ϱ֮ǰִ壬ҹޣŵµĹء
߹ٻۣȨִٰᣬôǰ׸Լİѹܴ
ЩʦʵЩŴ󻧣ƽء
ȡ󲿷ȨԴҲ̽ȡ
Ǵܣһʲôӣ׷񲿵Σ޷ѵġ
ԣ֮ǰŵͺ򣬸Ҳʾ⡣
ڶգɽӣͱһա
ΪɽţԵӹ̲ܽϣҲڽҹһʱ
ϣɽԼŵ˽ˡ
ͬʦΪĸҪߵĶࡣ
۽飬ĸҲԶ˼ҡ
ǿߣذɡ
Ǽ˵ĸףа취£ŵǲ뿴ġ
⼸׽Уרɽŵġ
ɽ潣ڣڸɽкооƽ֮
ڵĽɵĽԼԴǼʽû취ڶԷŹӡ
Ҫȡʤֻ߲̫ѿֻ辶
ɽר·û·Ȼ޿ɿˡ
ŵʱ⼸׽Уû·ɽһ·
յĵڶԣҲֳܿʤ
ɽţһλɽɵʦ̭
ȻΪ࣬Զ
ɽ̾һ䱧˱ȭ˳⡣
λɽɵʦҲȭ
񲿵ĹԱֽϵһɽţճϣ
һԣʦûʲôġ
ճȻ츳׿ǳʵ޷ɽᲢۡ
ոյʤӯ˫ֱأѾſôˡ
ӰѾߵ̨ϣȹıȭ񣺡ǰǰָ̡
УʵǲøģдĹأɽҲȻ΢Ц˵ȳְɡ
˵ͷгһֱ̧һʽ彣
ŵ˵ֵʱ彣
ɽ⼸ͻĹ
ϣһʼ·硣
ڵλãһλʦҡͷǵĽѱɽĥ͸ˣʦÿ¡ףʦõʲô
δ˵꣬͵ɴ۾
ʦøոʹ彣ͱɽһֽѹơ
Ȼһ׽̶̼УͽưأռһЩ
ɽŵϣҲֳһ˿ɫޱȷḻ˼󣬺ܿ뵽Ӧ֮ʱĽٱ䡣
ԭõĿֱ֮ơ
ĽУĽУٴη˾޴ı仯
ɽűƵˣֻܱȷأ룬ȵʶʱֻѾ˳˽⡣
ŶŮӣܿʶʲô¶𾪡
彣ֻһ塣
ʼƽ彣ʱѾļơ
Ժ󣬳ϵľƣͲˡ
ƽ彣ƽƽ彣Ľƽ⣬෴ƽ⣬ѭʼһ
˲ٳӦ
ڱ֮ǰѾеĽС
һжļƻ
ʼգǣűߣһĲԩ
Ψһǣԣⲻģıһһ輫ߵˣڸıߣڵʦû£ѵʦˣ


237 츳
֮ǰÿһԣ̨֮ϣᴫһҵ
ⳡԽ֮󣬳ȴ˺һ
ãϡϡ
˶λʦʲôʵⳡԵĽ˵Ԥϡ
ʦʦҲвġ
ɽ㣬ʮǰѾ֣ʦ֮
ʮȥΪǽ裬ʦ֮Уܱȡ
ճȻ츳ڣҲʮ꣬ʦֻ꣬ô˵ɽŵĶ֡
ʵǣ˱ԸոտʼʱһЩССƣ֮ܿͽưأԾѹ̬ƣɽźɨ֡
ʵš
ʵȻûô
ǾֻɽŷˮˣΪʲôҪأ
˰˼⡣
λɽʦȴǿڡ
ʵʵճϵȻԶŵġ
д裬ֲභ˶һ㣬㵽Ϊֹ
ˣʵ࣬Ҳ޷Ĩƽ
ڵճ֮ԻӮΪԤԤԤУ֮䣬ҪٶӼԤС
彣ʹó彣ƽ⽣Уǽп֮ȵʦ뵽ӦԣֱΪƵĽС
ڱ֮ǰⳡԵĹ̾Ѿעˡ
ճȻʵһЩҲʦֲභʦֵÿһӦԤϺ֮Уʦôܲ䣿
ϣԼûԤϵӦ֮󣬲ŶɽŲִٵ񣺡ǰˡ
ϣɽҲգ΢΢һЦļټ֮һƶ䣬Ϸķڷ
ûоĽ޷Ǽвжѡ
ûȡɣͲֵƣˣȻûʲô˵ġ
౳ˣڱ֮ǰƺ˱Ե̣ôɵĽںϵһ𣬴˵Ľ裬ѾǷ켫
˸ԻصڵĿ̨λãΧ֮˵Ŀ⣬ҲʱʱǣѾʼһԣôעˡ
ɽɣһ˿ɽţڵʦ֡
ɽ̧ͷЦضԣбԵĹ˾ˣʲôڡ
ڵλã˿Ŀ⣬Ҳǲ졣
ڣȻǴǿţɽţʦ棬ʵҲһָ
ʦδϾᣬʵŲɳϵΡ
֣УŵղŸֽ
Ҳϳ֮ʶֽϵʽɽŵġ
֪Լó彣֮ɽŻôУܾݴݳƵʽʹԣÿһĽСĪδ֪ɣ
ŵȻδ֪Ҳеı¡
ֻ̫˽ɽˣ֪ôԵƾˡ
һĹ򣬳ϵıԣѾˡ
ڵĳߣжϳصĽĲ˼顣
Ȼһޱ߷ļһ
ҶԷʼգֻ˫ȭûκα
ϻƶλڵʦ˱ȭ˵ˡ
ʦ޷ۿѾϵʮʦϯλҪһЩۣĶɽţ϶ذɣֻһαսˡ
֮£ĽеĶϽˤڵϡ
Ҫ뿪кȻѣ߱˱ȭԵĻ
ΪѾϵĶϽʱһϤĶС
ǰһԶѣˤʲô˼
аã̧ͷʱʦõŮλԱ

ԣǺ顣
ÿ춼ʦԣвʣҲйľٶ
˱Իˤģڵĳ³ǵһ
䲻ҲضֵΪȻǲֵᳫģ˱ʡʱû˾ʲôס
ŵԭҲǱżȻˣײ뷨
λ³ϣҲΪģûҵᴦʦˡ
һߺ밲죬һ߹ۿԡ
Ȼ䣬ŵ΢΢һ
򷨵䣬ַ֮ϵĻ
֮ǰͷʦԼŵӵĻ񣬶ʧˡ
ղŵһŻƺﵽʱЧ
ǴβźΣһģһ
ЩĹ㣬֮ŵԵĲ֮˺ܴı仯
֪ʶϵı仯
Ǵģϵı仯
ıԺܿͽˣŵһص
ոջصУ㱻ŵԭת˺üȦ
ᴸ˴ŵؿڣûڻǰأ˵
ŵֱת˼Ȧķ
ˣûб˼һԼ
Ȼ㲻֣Ҳᡣ
ɸղűת⼸ȦһƽȣһĸоûС
ûٱתһȦ
δйĸо
·ʹ
ŵߵ棬Ա߸߸ߵԺǽһԾ˱ߣɵĴǽͷ˹ȥ
һûõ֮ȫƾ
ԺϴĨأȻŵʶĽСľصʵ
£Ȼʶʲôͷ𾪵Ŀŵʵôģ
ôߵԺǽǲôġ
ߡ
Ѿ뾳ߡ
Ȼۼŵһƴľĸ֣Լ˵һֲҪ⹦ƽʱͨˣֻΣʱ̣Ÿһ˲䱬ľΪ
ڵѾӵһʵ
û
Ƭ̺ŵΧԺ
ܼңĸˣ˵Ŀ⣬ػصĴӣҲ¶ı顣
࿴ܼңʵ˭˵үûģ
ܼһȻ˵үСʱ򣬼һλүѧãûһû֮ҲûнӴˡ
ŵֱۣλ
ȻûϢ֮Уȴ̺Ӵ
뾳ı֡
Ϊ֤еĲ²⣬ŵ˵ȭ
ŵ˵ͷȻӳһȭȭͷɵס
ޱȲĿŵ˵徳
츳ȴȥҲƾյı
Щڽ̼˺˽ʱ򣬱Ѿõ츳˳
ǲ֪츳жˡ
ԣֻҪ츳ܹеľôʦģкܴϣ
ľ֮ϵƣȫֲ츳ϵȱݡ
м˺˵츳ټϳԣڻѾʦˣ뵽ܣ¶ŭ֮ɫ˭˵ûģⲻǵ𣡡


238 Ľľ
ˡ
ŵ츳
ʦ̾ͱ̰һε۶ϣ֮·ϵʮꡣ
ۼò۲ѧʲôһһĺá
Ψһȱ㣬û츳
񣬾Ψһȱ㣬ȱˡ
֮ǰʮʱûбڲ֪ʲôӡ
뵽޲ðλӹʦƤ
ŵѾ£ڻ츳ĿǰҲ֪츳Ρ
ֻͨ۲еٶȣжϳ츳ĺû
ûʱУЩȫʧ֮һֱһЩǱһ紵ɢ¶ԭĿ
һʱ鷿ѸٵĻһµľͼ
ԺѾ˼ǽķ̫ķˣΪľȱ̫ԣڵĺĵӣеķ
츳ҲûϵһŶķܹ΢ֲ츳ϵĲ㡣
˺߽ڵԺӣߣʵˣôˡôˣ
ίһſŵĵ䡣
ŵ츳Ϊеġ
ΪԼеѹ
ԽãʧȥľԽ࡭
ء
һǻίȴ˵˵˻УԴؿڣ޳

ڶա
ִ壬յıѾʼ
ıԹʮʦѡʱѾ˰˸
磬ʧܵİˣʣµ
ɽձ䱻ܣպɵḽ̌˶֣һϯλ
ڵĳ³ϣҲ֣˳õһ
ʮУռλɽռλһλʦʶ
Ψмȭʦͷ
ǳΪʦ֮ǰҪѧϰֲͬȭ
ȭԶɽȭ磬Ҳһ档
ͬڱʦϰټ֮Ȼڻͨ
ԶɽͿԴһֱȭսֵȭ֣˲ٳѾõǿߣɹʦ
ֻ֮ǰȻ伣
ٴγֵʱ򣬾εִϡ
ʮʦռһλã֤ȭŹ£δرȱרȭŵʦ˵Ҳһְο
һֵıԽζʮʦ䶨
翪ʼκһλʦʮһλʵǿȥģ䷢ս
սɹܶԷλá
սʧܣ򳹵ʮʦԵ
սѡϣøء
ϵıѾ̨ĳҿ˿˵ŵأ
˵֪Ͼû
в죬ʦǱԵʱ򣬾ˣȻûһǷʲô顣
ĸŮصһƵԺﵴǧ
ʵŵأ
ָָ鷿
챾ֵԼ˯ģȴһ鷿
УϣҪȥǵķһ˯Źƽ
߽鷿ŵվǰμߡ
ǰŵǰϣһžͼ
ľͼҲϤ
ڽϢ֮󣬴ǣҪһ̶ľС
гڣҪģǾͼʱ
Ѩλ;һŹԶˡ
õĻתã·ͻ᳹׶ϵ
žͼϤ
Ϊľ·ߡ
ľͼһ
֮ϣ˼ֵĸ
¶𾪣Ľľ
ֶķô׸ĽĻȱ͸Ľˣȵ죿
ŵһҹû˯ҽ˸Ľľ
ϸ˵Ѿľˡ
µĹԭȵľãкµ·гģԵġ
࣬ŵĸãЩӣһֱ˼ľĸĽ֮ڳɹˣ㿴ûʲô⡭
žͼֿ
ǿ
ֻʦֲʥ
Ľ飬Χ
ŵһãĽ͵ľ֮ºΪĶѨλ⼸֮Իᱻ⣬ľĸҲʧͬʱҲתֻҪķһЩʱ䣬ͨЩС
ԭ൹ˣ֮ǰҲǰôȴûһ˳ɹ
ô֤⼸ܴﵽﵽЧ
žͼ˵øʦʦǿ
Ƭ̺
ִС
ʮλʦΧһǰ
ʲô˸Ľľ
˻ôܣ
ҿ
ϸĴϵľͼ˷׷˳˼
һӣĽ飬һЩġ
⼸ӵĸûиݵһ
ٸĽķǶԵģϸݣûЧû˿Զ϶
ò˵ЩļʵвУ˵
һλ°ϵĺ룬ʵʦãžͼǴӺδõģ
룬˵һλǰҵġ
˵ֲ꣬һ䣬ܴ֮ɽɵǰҲλǰָ㡣
ڵʦԣࡣ
ƾָ㣬ʦôɽţλǰеΪ
ľǿ߸ĽĹ̾Ͷ˼ֿŶȡ
˼Ƭ̣˵ǵ۽磬û취͸⹦ǵȵ֮󣬽ɡ
üǶȵʲôʱȥˣʦ֣Ѿ̭ˣڻһˣͼʦ𡭡
ӣ˵һһսĻᣬ˵ȭˣٻȥҲ١

˿ְֽμ˵ٵŵ
μΪԷʮ
ΪμˣԼƽ⡣
˫򱼸˸ж
ֻǶġ
жˡ
ʱĵݹһ˵ްɣ޳ܺһЩĻ


239 ౳ĸ
ߵǲһ
Ϊ˸Ľľŵ찾һͨһⶼûУԾɾþ
ĸ˵ǷݾͼҪȵʮʦıԽõڣλĿ
ŵĳɹоԵġ
⿴һ˵ĳɹʵ֣ʮλʦԼ̫ҽԺǻ۵Ľᾧ
ȻʵԶҪ۵ķḻ϶֣ûܺȡ
ôʱ䶼ȹˣҲһʱ
ʮʦսҲһˡ
磬ʮѡѾȷ
翪ʼ֮ǰ̭ʦĶǷս
սɹߣȡ֮
ʱŵһִ塣
ڸղţѾõЩʦս
ʮλ̭ʦжʮλѡսĸˡ
ʣµĶʮλԼͬѡϻơ
ϾӱϿʮλʦУĸ˺ϻġ
һᣬǳ
һֻȭŹ򣬿ȥͺܺ
֮ǰļֱУɷ֣̫вˡ
Ǳ̭ǼλڵĳϣԼɵʦǣиǱһɾҪһѩǰܡ
ȻҪȡʩġ
ˣҪ˵սܴùַ֮£Ҳˡ
ˣ񲿶սĵĹʱ˸ı䡣
ÿһλʦ˵ս
ǳˣҪս߳ǩ
ߣſսѡûгУֻܻս
ʮλʦһһʤڶĶ֣ڵλãѾʧܹˣȻҲÿ鶼˳⡣
ʱŵһ߹ݸ࣬˵ĸˣսʦ
̫ãսУһɽΨһ̭ʦ
λʦ֮ǰ̭ʵãã̫һǿߡ
ɽޣ˵ڴģ½Ҳźպյ
Ȼɽɵʦ࣬ߡ
˶Ϊʮʦʵġ
ܻĸˣͻᶥλãսĸ˵ʦսĶ֣ҲȻȻĻ
ڵ֪λɽĳϣǵһս˺⼸λսʦҲ¶һɫ
ڵλãӯ֣ߵǰ΢Ц˵ʦãⳡԣһҪӮŵһˡ
ɽλʦ
Ӯ࣬ʮʦɽռһ롣
ʮλʦȴֻλΧ֮ˣȻһսĻᣬȴҲδܳɹ
ĺʵĵһţʮʦȴֻռģеڶɽȴռô˵ͨ顣
ӯƹʵѹ
࣬˵һʦֻӮ䣬ҪȻŵˡ
һһۣʦãԼУɽҲûʲôö˵ģû˻㡣
౾Ҳôġ
֪Լûʮʦʵ׼˳Ȼ
ʦ
ûأѾˡ
Ҫˣ֪ôԼ
ϳһʱ䣬Ƴӯһۣߵ̨һ
ŵڰСƢİϱӦú˯ģȴ鷿оһϵľһϣҲû˯ãˣô岻á
ŵ֮£ֻС˵ǽϣһ˯
յ̸нǣΪ˲ؿշϣԼϣ˯ʱҪһȥ
ŵԼȻûġ
һ˯Ҳûʲô
ԵҲʲô
ȫֲΪ
߹̷ſŵ֣Ķ˶ųϵıԡ
Լɷ֮䣬ôԣǰǵñֳĶׯ
ŵһŵߵ⣬Ȳʵûа취Ҵɽλʦ
֪䣬ϵ飬ʶľŵ̡
ŵ˵ͷ
֮ͬ䣬ԵӮʵռһ룬ռһ롣
㵽ΪֹıԣҶóȫʵռȸࡣ
ڴ󲿷߶ԣʵͼɣͬġ
ΪߣҲӸ߳
ŵƫƵµģֶҲ
սλɽʦһ񣬽꣬κδϢ֮˵õˡ֮ơ
Ϊνӵʮֽܣٶȼ죬ս֮ˣûʱȥѰֻܱķʼձѹƣӶ°ܱ
ҪӮҪ
ŵԴһ̨תļɵĽУԺпٵϣܿϳһ׸ޱȵĽ
׽죬νӸΪȻһʵ̫࣬ڿռ޵ıԳϣʱڣӦˡ
ֻô̵ʱ֮ڣ׽ס
Ժʾһ齣֮ԵЩ˵Уʱ䲻ûʱϤ
ʲô⡣
ŵֱҵ񲿰űԵĹԱĸ˵ıԣŵһ㹻ʱϤ׽ˡ
ŵԼһԸָ㡣
ǽͷСȣŵָĸ׽֪뵽ʲôƵ̾˿

̨֮ϡ
ӯһλսʧܣҿ˿̲סʵʦôϳ
ߣһλʦ˵ҸղȥʹˣԵ˳Ķʦһϳ
ӯһʱ𣿡
£һӰ࿴һۣûпڣĿӣлҩζ
ʱ񲿹Աһɽϣճϡ
ЩӵĿ̨ʱ
һԣпһ
һλɽѾõĽʦ
һλĶӣղԳԤϵķʽܹɽš
Щ˾ʵص͹
ЩΪ
һһԣԼ
ϡ
Ӱվ֮󣬻౧
һ죬ʽʼ
ݣ
ԤϵǣȳģȻࡣ
һ˲䣬Ľ㶯ˡ
֮У·һɫƥ
ٶȼ죬еνӣȻɣÿһÿһʽ羪İֿţһֱС
ûκһɵĽ
ҲûκһɵĽһ׽͡
ĽУɵʦԼҽӰӡ
׽Ǹҽ϶ɵġ
и͵ĽϣһµĽʽνӣΪҪ
һ׽Ľνӣ˿˾ıţֱɶ칤̾Ϊֹ
ɽĽУҲԿΪ
ǰ
Ľиոƣͱѹȥһֻɽͻ꣬˿ִϢ֮
һ̣˵Уһͷ
˭Ľ
ɽɵļλʦѾˡ
ڵˣҲɵۡ
һλ߿ųϽɽʦƵýڽڰ˵࣬૵Ҳλǰģ


240 ĸŮ
һ֮Ф˾µġ
δô񱩵Ľ
˶˵ǡ񽣡ٿҲ񲻹ǰŮˡ
꣬޳
˳û˿ͣ٣κδϢ֮
ʹҪۻһЩĹ£һʵӲɡ
Фδһ죬óķʽ
ⲻǱԣ֮սȫҲֻһܾ˵Ľ֡
ಽƣ˳˱ԵĳطΧ
񲿹Ասʧܣճʤ
̨֮ϣž˺һ
һ
ڶΣɲǼ򵥵ġܹ͵ġ
ѡΪֵ⼸ˣǻڵĳӶˡ
ô͵ŮӣɽɵĿ񽣶޷赲οǣ
ɵĽʦһָΪӵĿ⿴ࡣ
ɽɵԣ˲ͬķʽȡʤ
ɽţһΪѾıͨ۶ʹʲôĽУᱻٳƽ⡣
ФһָͿ񱩵ĽΪͻǰҲ˳Сè
Ա֮ʩ
ڶóܶ֡
ʦ߾硣
Ҳǵı׷
ճϲ츳ߣԣҲ˵ľˣʷϣضһʡ
λɽʦ֮󣬻صڵλã΢ЦĿӯʵʦ㣬ûиŶɣ
ӯ촽˶ʲôû˵
ļʣһ̣ﵽ۷塣
ɫá
츳ߡ
ŮҲʮ겻š
ɷŮǳ͢߹١
μִᣬǰָ
µĺ£ƺռˡ
һԹڵˣʼλǰ
飬ŵλҲδ
һ֮ŵڸоЩƣȻɳ棬̫࣬еҪ˯һָ
ʦȻ
һµĽУֻ΢ϰ˼飬ȫա
ˣ򵥵ĽŵְֵĽʮϣѧᡣ
ĸ˽ļԣŵͲõˡ
Щ֮ǰıԣŵǵĻŵҲ⼸˶Ķ֡
ղŽ̸һ׽УӦһԣ֮ļҲûκ⡣
صԴմͷûã˯ߡ
±һŵ˯øİġ
һΡ
˸Ľľ֮ǰЩȫʧڳɹԲֻһҲ˽
֪ΪΣŵȻĪε˷ˡ
ҲֵʱʶӦֻΣȻ˹
ɫѾףһȻ˯˵ڶϡ
ʱɫ磬ӺͰ˯ԣ˺˵Ȼڡ
ŵ˿
һЩ˼̫ˣ˲ŻΣԴᵽŵһҪ˴ΣҲ֡
ˡ
̫֮ˣǲΪá
֮ŵһǰִ塣
˽һ죬ʮʦڳ䶨
ʮʦѡԾǳѡʮλûκεԱ䶯
˵֮ǰıԣŵĽΪ
ʮʦȷ֮ʦʽԣҲͽˡ
ʮλʦ֮䣬ûнһ
ֲִǿƾ٣Ӯ˿ڳ͢٣εĴᣬĿûҪٷֳΡ
Ҫеģưᡣ
μ֮ˣͱʮ£Ϊڵϡ
Ӻʮ̤ľĸʮѾʦˣʵϣڶʮ֮ǰģѾԳƵš
ʮ֮ǰĵľеš
ˣ۴ֶֻ֣ĹҴڶʮ֮󣬲Žľġ
ĸ˵츳μҵ˫̥Լص򣬲ͳǽ˫˫ڶʮ֮ǰľ漣
ΪڵĵӣȻҪμӵġ
ӱû˼ĸҪμӡ
ŵҲܲ³С˼
뿪ʱνǱһȳΪֵЦϡ
˺ˣһ˵ûе֣֪ĽŮȻҪ֪˷ϴˢЩ衣
ѯʱŵҲȥ档
ҲţӲϳĻô֪ôһλӣ
ưĹעȣûʮʦôˡ
ţҲûֻ̫࣬ʱ䣬еıԾѾ
˺ˣȻû˫˫ڰ
֮ǵ֣ᴫ֡
ˣⳡִᣬеıԣѾ
ŵʱ䡣
ǿɽ
֮סȻסִ塣
ڸɵԺӣΪǼʳò׼ˣҪԼԷ⡣
صʱ鲻С
ԼλʮʦŮҲڸǰ˷ͷ
Ժ󣬿˭˵޴ˡ
һεĸо
ʵֻΪץ˻ȥ
û뵽˳֮ȴʼԤϵķչ

ֻû
Ҫܸжá
಻ͬλư˵飬ȴ˼㡣
ŵμԼ޼ӣ֪ֻÿĿǶ
ȵμµľǾ͸óΪķޡ
ʱܡ
֪ˣͲˡ
˵û߾ӦúúõУҪͻ
ġ
࣬˵
תͷЦʵôˣ
˳Ĭã˵ǻڰɣҲسˡ

ɴ۾ˣòײźɷͺã˵Ĺ˽֮Ů˵⣬ôܻصأ
Ÿǿء
ҡҡͷԥ˵ȥĻȥɣǲȥġ
˿
˿̣һ䣬Ǹʲôģ


241 
ץһȥ𣿡
ʲôʱô˵ˣ
ʲô
Ұ

ССԺĸŮ˻ӡ
գƿߣϾϣĶԲˡ
ߣôõ๫Ӧġ
ڣֻܽн
Ҫˣ϶Ҳˡ
ʱӰ˽
λλʦ㣬ǰһӰྪܹʦôˣ
ӰʱˣҲʱ˶ĸ׵Թ첽߹ܹɵ˵ʦ档
ѾͷôˣҲſŮӳԴЩֵ˵һ䣬˵Ƥͷ
ŮӲδ⣬࣬˵Ľľô飬ҵȻҪһˡ
ľΪڵ󶥼ķ֮һΪȱ̫ԣޣܸĵ˹ȱݣ˵Ȼش
Ŀ⿴࣬ʵĽľλǰأЩ飬Ҫ̡
ɫڨڨܿ콫ŵ˵Ǽ˺˵ʦ棬񡣡
ȻֶŮӽܵǼ˵ķ
˵ʦ棬ĸ˵ʦһߡ
ŵǵһμǿߣȻ𾴣̱ȭǰ
Ů΢΢ͷ˵һ˲ţЩ޶ңרһҡ
ŵٴαȭлǰָ㡣
ڵǺܲӡ
ңּңңⲢ̰Ҫޣ޻Ƿң֮еĹУ˳õġ
Ůٴο࣬ʵλǰأ
಻˼ָָŵ˵ǡ
λһʦסˣŮӣԼˡ
Ľľʦû顣
ָ༸䣬ڱУԶóķʽɽλʦ
ΪһӵеΪȴҲ顣
϶˵ǰһĳλߵʿǿߣʱҲż𾴡
ûϵǣеǰȻôһˡ
Ůӿ࣬üͷ΢
˼ƶʦûɣľȷĽģӮɽλҲڱıߣǱᣬļҲ硭
Ůӵıָƽ
Լûõģǲһʱ֪
ȡһžͼʯ֮ϣ˵ô뵽ôľģͽͰɡ
ŹŵԼĽģÿһȻ֪⡣
ҽǶȣϸĸ˼·ԼÿһѨλÿһ;⣬Ҳһһ
֮ŮþõĳĬ
ЩȲʵʦôְ취𣿡
֮ŮӲŵ˵ͷ˵ղĽĹа˳ɵĿԣٶԭȵľȴԳ׵ԭı׶ˡ
ĳĬڹ
ǰ֮ˡ
ͣᳬʮ꣬ͨոնݵĽ̸չ¶ĲѧһٶʮԶԶ硣
ϣŵġ
Ȼʵߣļ⣬ȴﵽһֲľء
¶ϲɫ˵üھͰµķУ
μԣƽĿУҲһ˿Ĳ
ŮӵȻа˳ɵĿԣҲɵĲȷĽԶֻͣΪ
μˣʵԽ𣿡
μûԥ΢΢ͷ
飬ѾǺܾˡ
Ůӵ˵ͷ˵˵ĻھͿԿʼˣɢȥеҰͨǼֻ֮Ҫµľмɡ


һŽա
ŵԺŲӣĿʱʱĿһ۷ķ
棬Ѿڿʼµķˡ
˵Լĳɹģ浽˹ؼʱ̣л
һԿ˵ģʦڣʲôġ
Ժڵʯԡ
ҲͬܽţȻϣ˽ܹɹһ죬Ѿ˺ܾˡ
˸ܵԼԽԽοİɣҪģ飬ʲôʱʧܹ
ԣȷʵЩ
ɰת죬ŵĿУ˼ڴ
ŷ˵һֻ֣ͬܽš
ͬǣһìܵĽš
һ棬μɷ򣬱мԹԡ
һ棬ǺһģһĽ㣬ͬѪҲϣܱĺһ
һʱ֮
ŵѾȵȲԥҪҪƾ´ţȥʱڴ򿪡
Ů߳䣬ŵӭǰʵǰôˣ
ŮҲ˿˵ѾɹĴͨǼָˣȻûľԣûб仯Ҫٹ۲۲죬úϢɡ
Իָ˵µĹǿеģ޷Ǿٶȿ⡣
µûԣֻҪ壬ͲӰ컳С
桭Ȼǹѹˡ
Ȼ˸Ľ󲿷־ԭȵģ֪ܱܲĺͰһӵŮӦþ߱
ŵһ߽䣬ڴϣɫЩ԰ס
ͨһ׵飬ȥЩ͸֧
ŵߵ£֣ʵоô
μ˿¶һ˿Цݣ˵á
ӣŵȺúЪţ˵
μ΢΢ͷãȻ˵๫
ŵͷļ˿ҷôˣ
μ˵и⣬ܾˡ
ŵЦЦ˵ʲô⣬ʰɡ
μĿʵҺͰϲ˭


242 ǽҹ
ŵЦݽϡ
Щ⣬ٵ
˿̣֪ϲǸñ
ϲǣǰӣʳ⡣
ʳ⣬˵ĽľǳɹЧͼӰ
ǣһ⡣
ǰʱ仹ڳЦĹԱ裬ֵüɹɿһͨһɶ¡
ºˣڻصԼˡ
Ͱŵϲ˭
´οܾͻͰ˭Ư
´ΣܾһˮȾ˭ˡ
ŵΨΨŵŵӣμȻһЦ˵ţġ
ʦͨ⣬ѧ˿Ц
ɼŵĳɹˡ
һЦѩڣٻʢŵҲͣһġ
Цˡ
ԴʶһμЦ
߽ߵߣ֣ʵоЩû
ǿдͨʹ࣬ɫӾܿ
μ΢΢һЦ˵ûµģ
һԼϵЦݣѾ˵һУһ᲻ܿƵ
Ϊ˱ĸΣŵ뿪˷䡣
һܹʵ˽û
ŵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦ
˿뵽ʲô΢죬˵ǽϣڼ˽ķ˯ɡ
ֵŵˣһ̵壬˵֮ŵС˵Ҫ
˵꣬Ϳ첽߽˷䡣
˺Ҳȥ֮ŵûٽȥˣʱһӰ߹ŵ΢΢˵ǰ
ڵĴ½߾ֻڴ֮Уҵĵǵǿߡ
ʦǿʵҲޡ
һλλľʦĶ֡
ʮλľȺʦҲޡ
򵥵˺սڵѾûˡ
֮УҲȥ硣
֮½ϣ仰Ƕʵڹ͡
ŵ˼һ⡣
ôܰͽȥأ
ǿߣûץء
ŮȻеΪҲûжĵı£Ȼ֪ŵ룬ŵʵǷͼ㻭ģ
ɲţ˾ķȻһλ֮֡
ɣıǲһλĸˡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ǰľۣΪ˽һ⣬ҽѧ伮취
Ů䣬λһʦ彣˹
ŵǰһѽŮӵҿУһĽɣ
ŵ𽣣Ц˵ܵõǰָ㣬ҡ
Ůӻֽ࣬ŵ
δκΪٶȺҲںʵƥķΧ֮ڡ
ûκһ׹̶Ľ
û·ûжʽ·ֻٳӦԣǿӲƽ֮
ŮĳŵҲӦڣɽɣ󽣵ŵĽѾںϣ㿼У˵ֱСơ
ʼ࣬ȴֻŮӵ㲻رóȫʵ
ŵԣҲӦʼתΪ
Ůӻ䣬ĽƣȻһ䣬ץס֮һ׽Ťת
ϣ¶Ȥı顣
СһȻ
ٳĽУȻһûУһ˲Ȼץסˡ
һΣָ࣬սʤλɽʦ飬κλˡ
Ľ裬ԶǸС֮ϡ
˼вУαУܵһʱҳӦ֮Ȼʵһ͵ˮƽȴһˮ׼Ľд衣
ô˲䣬ãǺԼͬȾĶ֡
츳Ŀǰ
ԣѾһܹˡ
УҲûһλ
ĳһ̣Ů𽣣ŵĿУһֱĹʣʵԸΪʦ
λһʦ仰Ǵ
ʦѾ겻ͽˣξֶ˰֮ģ
ŵҲΪ⡣
뵽ǣұֵ飬ôԼϣ
úõĴŽţͳֳ
ĸûжأָýʦˣƽ޹ֱӺ˳һ
һ˲ʧ֮ŵʵΪʦҪȥ𣿡
ŮЦЦ˵ԸȥڳҲɡ
ŵ룬ȥڵĻһλǿΪʦаһ
һǿޱȵĿɽ󻹶һӴš
ڳŵԼҲ˲ˣԺһл첻ȥҲһ·
ܿ˾ʦϣͽһݣ
˴ӷ߳һĻͬʱųˡOΡ

ҹ
˿ڴͷ飬ŵŶ룬һҩ֭ߵǰ
̧ͷŵɻ첻ȥ
ŵǰҹġ
˴ӣ͵ߣ˵Ȱҩ˰ɣָкô
ҩŵԼԼץġ
ľô꣬岻һһϦܵġ
μ˺һڣÿüͷ˵ࡣ
ŵбһűǣͽ
üͷܿչ
ŵ̲סЦ
μ˿ʵ๫Цʲô
ŵֻǾڵӺܿɰ
μ룬ʵ๫ϲڵңǰң
Դӻ˹֮ʳ⣬Ҳһһм
ŵҩ룬֣ϴ¶ȣ˵ǰӻڵӣֻҪ㣬Ҷϲ
μ˿˵Ҳϲ๫
ŵЦͷ
μ˿ظ˵Һϲ๫
ŵʮָۣ˵֪ˡ
μֻ֣˵๫
ţ
Բɡ
Ż£ŵһỬ䡣
һֻ򱳺ᳶϵ
ŵǰĳһĨɫ
ҹס


243 Բ
Ȼܰףɫ
ŵҲĿת
̫ˣҩҪŵιôڡ
ȻǵһΣȻҪһĻ䡣
ôʱ䶼ȹˣҲ⼸졣
ŵ˵ȹգЩɡ
μ˺΢΢ͷ
ӰȻ˯ڶʱ򣬼Ѿڴˡ
ŵո۾ͿһӰܽ
ܵߣƿӿ˿ϵıһŵʵϣʲôûиɣ
Ƭ̺ššŵԹǲ˻أϣҲ
ŵԺڿ
ɫ̫̫࣬·ҲҪ˲ˡ
ľߵ壬ָȻǿ
õȼ졣
緹ʱŵ˵ʦͽҪžͽģ㲻ԸȥţһдӼһȥһִ壬Щɵ˻ڣҲ֤
ŵ˵ͷӦá
࿴һۣ΢΢Щӡ
úõŮȻʦܣ˭һʱ֮䣬Խܡ
ŵһ£ʵҪҪҵҲȥһˣ
ʦͽ˵Ϊʽġ
ͨ£ҪиĸԼ֤
˵ͷ˵ȥɣʦС£Ҫ֤
˵ϲ飬Ҳá
ŵ£ԶԶֿ˴һʳУǼ÷ǰȴŵԶԶĶ֣˵æʲô飬Ⱥͱ˵˵ܽģͲȥ鷳ˡ
ŵԵ̨£ҪĲһ顣
΢΢һ㶣ʦ
Դʵǵã棬ƺûʲô츳ɣ
ŵĽͣϣֳһ˿ŭ֮ɫЩߣһģԼѧղǳӵܣԺһҪһɣҪȵͨ㿼ԣõ͢䷢ִ̡֤
ʱһӰ÷߳
ŵ˵⣬ڵǰԸΪͽǺ£߰ɡ
ƨ˵Ҳȥմ֡
ִ塣
һҪִͽʽϢһִ嶼Ϊ֮ڡ
߰ĴСٸߣֻλ
ܵõǰָ㣬һ顣
˵ָˣֻǼһ棬ڸɵ˵Īҡ
Һǰ˵仰ǸǿԴһӵ顣
ΧڵԺ֮⣬̽ͷ̽Ե
λľǿ𣿡
ȥᰡ
ǣλǰᣬʵѾһٶʮˣľǿߣ컯òǿ͵ġ
Ҳ֪˭ȻңǿΪӡ

λŮӣƽƽ棬Ǵ洦ɼĸˣûһ˿ǿ߷ɣȫ߸˸ɵǿӦе
ɵʦĿ⣬޲дĽ
ƽƽ棬û˿ΪѾﵽһַ豹ľ硣
Ҳľ硣
ʲôʱҲûϢйⱲӾ޺ˡ
ıԳأÿԵʦء
֮ˣڿ̨
ҵİʦܸӣߵİʦûô
˵ļ֤£Ͼʦ裬ߵΣʦͽϵǳˡ
ŮϣӹŵϵĲˮһڣ˵ǵãΪʦΪվԽһӣλʦ㣬ǵԬӢϡͲҽˡ
ŵվˣٴιԬʦ㣬ʦ㣬աʦ㡣
ȻоùŹ֣ׯصĳϣҲֻӦ
ʦʽܼ򵥣ȴᡣ
֣ʮλʦۼ֤һĻ
Ůӷ²豭˵ࡣ
ǰ˵ʦԸ
Ůӵųţķɡ

Ůֲ֮£ԽڽʲôҲ̡
εĵ˵ͷ˵ǡ
ȵʽ֮󣬴ЦǺǵǰ˵ϲŵֶݵʦڸԱƣ뼸λƼݣлʦҲǸǰӷϴ
Ůӿһۣ˵ˣʦϲĳϣлү⡣
Ҳûж˵ʲôֻЦЦ˵ȻˣǱˡ
ŮӴ༸ȥҪִ߳ʱֻͷһۣʵղǺˣ
ʦǴĴ
Ůҡͷ˵λ
΢΢һ㶣˵ŵĸף䣬ˣô˵ͻһʦʲô
Ůٴοһۣתͷ˵ûʲôʡ
ԶڵԶȥҡҡͷ̾ãһʢķˣְ׼ˣЩָ֣ӿ󰡡
΢΢һЦ˵ǿߣЩӣҲǺġ
˰֣˵ԲԣǲǳԣߣԷɡ

ҹ
ϣôֵˣ˵ʲôŵš
֮£ŵֻٴӵķ䡣
Ϸţͷڴߣŵǰ֣ʵôˣ
һЦ˵İɣҵ壬û๫ô
˶һۣ˴ͨ
μ˻ͷϸֳ使εĺơ
ϼգӵ۵Ĳ
Žµĵ棬ü΢ŵ˵๫죬ˡ
һ档
֮ڵĵƻȻϨ
ԺУ¹⵭ҹϰϰӰΣĵ΢
ڣ̵ݺ䣬շת޾顣
µĳ̶ȣͱˣ˺ŷųǲǲܡ


244 ˫Բ
峿

Ľ࣬Ŷյλãŵͼ˽أôû緹
ӡУ˽Ǻġ
ˣ˽㻹û𴲵Ρ
ŵ絹ǾԴѾϰΪˡ
ཫһͽ˵СӺúóԷˣôࡣ
ĽĹҵģҲʲˡ
ֹһӰŴ߽
ŵμǣ֣¡
ϣȷʵˡ
ӳɻѾһˣֱϣڲ˻в衣
ϱӣڱ´һ֮Ի˴ûܸϳ緹ʱ䡣
̧ͷһۣеĿӣһϡ
μ˽ͷ
ŵϢҲ
Ǭˡ
ʹ֪һᵽУʵʼǱһ˿ϣġ
ȻѾȢ˱Ůˣûпܣμ˳Σԭ๫أ
һ˿ϣڽϣ
վ˵ҳԱˡ
˵꣬ȥ
ȻûгԱȻֻһС롣
һҲȥˡ
ŵѾˣ緹Եĺ㣬ࡣ
ӵ壬ԶĻָ졣
Թ緹ĸʦ֮С
ŵոհݹĵʦѾ뿪˳ȥˡ
ŵҲûл᳢ץһλǿߡ
֮ǰе飬ίиĸˡ
ȻʦҲС
ڵΪõİʥָ㡣
һʼУʵѡ
徳ߣֻǿͷӦڳˣϢûв˵ˣֻһЩҹ
ŵԺҪеľ
ľĻϣ彣Ʒȡ
Щŵò̡
Щʽ졣
ķľͼŵҲġ
Լ޿ɽ̣Ǭŵɻˡ
һкܼ򵥣ʵĥ塣
վ׮ĻͨѧϰЩҹ򣬽һ̼壬ϢȻϢͨϢǿһ̶ȣԳ֮Ϊ
һḶ́ѵģȴģûʲôݾߡ
ŵȻѾ츳ҪУҲô㿪ʼ
ֻߣץ㹻ҲС
Ҳ⼸ʱ䣬ٹգ͸ȥϰˡ
Ҳޡ
ǰ񷨣ʹ߹֮Ϊ͵ƿ
ƿһӣ㽫Ϊ֮ء
ŵһڼԹ緹֮ȥһִ塣
Сˡ
С˺á
ϲС˰ݵʦ
ʱദŵЩɵʦؼӰѾĲˡ
ȻЩӣûٱλץҷʡʡһʱѣһλڶξ;̩ȻĴȫԽҵҡ
Ȼǳ͢ĹԱҲڵĵӣһˡ
Уͽ֮ľࡣ
ŵڹ㳡д轻˴˸кȻһ֪ͨһ£֮󣬸ɵųϣҿᡭ
ִѾβٹ죬Щɾ͸½ˡ
֮ǰŵԳ͢壬ٿһ顣
Ҳٿⳡִĳ֮һ
ŵţϣ񲿣̲ԼµĹԱμλ顣
ָЩ꣬ŸʵҽżʣвдɵӡָţڵӵĹ棬һЩ⡣
ǿֲǷ֮أκ˶ΪΪҲӦشɷκδɷΪõɵƲáɣΪطϵҪӦûļ縺άطȶΡ
Ҫ󣺸ɣӦһǿʶǿطԾԣʵѡطĸ֣ʵÿһλӡ
ɽɵźִϣȫ̶û̧ͷ
֮ǰɽͽɱ͢٣͢׷Ծٱƽɽɡ
ɽֻλʦĳ͢ҪĨǣ׾١
ϣڣɽɣɽɵ½ԣʾһ֧֡
ΪⱾӦ顣
ЩŴɣƽնɵӣҲϸҪģܳ顣
ЩŷһЩСţȻҲһһ
͢Ҫ󣬺ЩŶʮͬĸҷԡ
˵ڳЩӣǾ̵ץץ˷ʳҹޣԲ񣬶Ҫץҷʡʲô鶼Ҫ˼
ǹôСģЩɱ˷Ż𣬴ҽģƾʲôɷƲã
֮ϣɵĸˣ׷ڳǩԸϳ͢ϸԼڵӣҺͰ鷳
е鷸ƣǻṫĽ佻͢á
ʱŵִ߳塣
һִᣬԲٿ
ĿģѾﵽջ
Щɣʵ͢ǿԼ
ǿڣҲûкͳ͢ӲӲʵ
鲻ôġ
ΰ˵ҪŽһпŽ
ǶԳִ͢罫ǶеȴùϵȻһͺ̸
͢ﵽĿģ˼Ҳܵء
ûм죬ҲţŵǬһ츳
徳ʱ츳ǺܺòԵġ
徳ǿḶ́ڵ޿Ծǧ
м֮ٲһļܲ츳
ŵһֱϣȫˮʪ͸˸裬ָֻ˴롣
վԺߵķţԥߡ
ѾüûкͰһ˯ˣٲȥСİ͸÷ˡ
ûŵŶ룬Ϸš
ǰĻǷģŵƿĻڴǰ
ŴͷҲźͷ
ŵĽҿͷ¶һŽε
ŵĿ⣬һ˫ˮӡ
ƺѾܾãһ̣ŵһǰ¡
ӵĺίͬİ˵Һʹ󷽡
ǵüС̡
ƿէˮţõҩ𹬡
ǴŪ£ӭ
ϲƵת࣬ƫ䡭

ڶա
峿
Ľ緹Ŀ⿴棬̲סŵ˰


245 ˣ
Դִ֮󣬳緹ŵ˵ͳһݳ޵顣
ѾȣԴʽʼ֮󣬽١
⼸ͨôʦŻȡ츳ѾԱȼӺˡ
츳ǿҲ޵ġ
Ӻ˵츳ټϿ̿УеľҲʮꡣ
ľ֮ǰУûаݾԵġ
ŵ츳ȫģҲû޳ָ֡
徳Ѿˡ
˼գӵ壬Ҳ׻ָ
ĽľٶϣȻû˶ļӳɣҲ̫ķľӰ죬ҲӰ֮·ѾõĽ
峿ŵ߳š
ԺڵСͤУڽ̼˺Ͱ廨
˲ܴ򣬷˿ԳƵ
Ůӵգͨǲգգû˵
ӺͰУֱһĴڡ
ȻŵҲǡ
зڣʡ̫ˡ
ǰгһĻһ˵ĸо
Ҳһˣֱգһƺ졣
ûиһ⼸죬ŵûп
ڵʱŵóֵģˣ־˵ʲô
˵һ֮ŵ߳š
ĻѾڣȥϰˡ
ȥһ£ŵȻץ˲ˣЩëƤС£ûаʲô󰸣Ҳûӡ
֮ǰΪݹ˲١
ÿһΪƿͻֻ
Ȼھģڿ϶ǲеġ
֮ǰ񲿣Ϊ˷ﱸִᡣ
ִ񲿣ֻȹ
ˡ
ˣ
·񲿹Ա˸кŵصԼ÷ʼæµ
Ƭ̺ߵſڣסһ·
СܹʵˣʲôԸ
ŵ÷հ׵ߡӲˣһЩµĹ

ʡ
һߡӣ˸
ȻۣӴģǹһҪһ˼ɾӰ˵ִȨյĸоܲġ
λˣҲԼĹ
һӰ߽÷˵ŴˣаûУûаŵĻһȥ¥
վɬüģ˵ð
æµһ죬ߡͷǣϳȥɷҲá
¥ǺĲҵ¥һλڱ¥ַą̊́Ĵڡ
ȻΪǵĹǴطĻ
Žҹȥλʦһźߡӣ˽
һ㶣˵ǡ
شˣǴ񲿵ߡӡ
һѺߡӣһݷ˷ʱӿֳһС
ˣˣ
һλ˼ˣҡҡͷź˵Ŵ˽ȥˣǸԼɡ
УҲһ˿ֻζ
񲿵ߡӣǶŴ˸ģҪȻùľͿˡ
λͬϵֻ֮ɫҡҡͷ˵֣˿ɱ˵̫磬ϣҲȥ¥ˡ
λ΢΢һ㶣ʵΪΣ
ƺ뵽ʲôһߡӣҡͷ˵ѾͼλͬԼˣһߣߡӵģԼߡӣԼɡ
˳ǣ˵ǲ챻ְͣȥɡ
λٴһ㶣ʵʲô˼
Ƿߡӵݸ˵񲿾ٱԺؼ¥Υ͢͢ԱˣҪ͢飬еӾȥ
λ˿ʵ
˵ͷ̾˿˵ٵĺӣҪͷˡ

ҹ
ٹˣ׼ȥԺ¥ʱȴǰͣӪҵӡ
Ժ¥Ъҵϡ¡
֮أЪҵһϣ֪Ҫ׬Ǯ
֮£ֻ˶Σתȥ¥
ܿǾͷ֣ҹд¥Ӫҵ
һЪҵ⣬ô¥Ъҵض
ҹ֪˳˶˶顣
ܿ죬Ϣ֮ͨˣ͵õȷеϢ
֮ǰʡһگ
Ҫ󳤰ú;׸¥Աһ¡
Ϊ˱ⱻץͣĴ¥ҹѡЪҵ
Ϊ͢Աкܶ飬ǲġ
ְ̰ȨЩǾԵĽЩҪ̲ߴµġ
ǲʱã潣Բġ
û˹ܣҲˣ飬Ҳõ˵
ǳ͢ϳȫſԱѰȻ޴๣ǲܵġ
йԱҳιܿظ˵С
ķſ飬Ǿһ涼Ҫˡ
Σʡ֮گǱ񲿾ٱˡ
˵񲿣˾֪ôˡ
Ͼⲻһڡ
֮ǰͽֵ͢üȮʡһ鷳£ͣ˼¡
ʲôִոսٰܲһɣ
ٹԱԹԡ
֪ЩôģҪȥ񲿣¥ȥӲǣĸҲ˳ţһСģְͣٺĽ
ʡ
λ˺ͷۡ
ֳѾͣˡ
ԼһЩصȨѾʡʩ㹻ѹ
Щˣǲ
Աһ£һã췭ظ
飬û񲿽ֵܿˡ
һñӿҲǺһˡ
߶ܵʡм䡣
ŵԱ֮ǰҲû뵽СС񲿣ܷôķ
õİ취ǽ񲿣һκη˵š
ǰôġ
˭뵽ִոսͿʼˡ
ԱĵΣһĹ򣬴ĹԱְ֮ڣشʧְܽλ
ְ£Ҳû취
һ뵽Ҫĸ£޿
ʱһи취
Ŀȥ˵Ŵˣʲô취
ϴΣŵִᣬתעİ취˳ġ
취ʡ˼¡
˴ٴοڣ̽ϣϡ
һ°ϵĺ룬һ˵֮ڣȻƽȴ٣뼶߲ˡ
ջߣΪʲô⣬Աڼ䣬ڣ´󹦣ȷͻưƣǨ
ʲô
˵ˣΪƾ״ԪְƷŹ£Ҫ١
ǺɾˣԺֻҪʲôشֻƽ߼еȨǸ
ҡҡͷ˵ְ£ûʲôô
˵ҲҲһȶأְ£ͼǿ˳ֵ͢ϵһֺͳ͢ǩЭ飬ͬάطΰǿµʢ٣ѵǴһ𣿡
ˣ˵ǿô˵Ҹɣ뼶ȥһ˵ıԵţʮ꣬Ǿ徻ˡ


246 

˵Ļ˼֮󣬾ûĿС
ΰ¾٣ڳõʷϣ䲻Ǿ޽УҲټ
һθξٵģ
Ĺ٣ֳܷܲ͢
ڵĹְƷһǴƷ
ܶԵŵ٣ǴƷ
¾͸٣´θþһ㣬Ҳ˵ùȥ
ȻѾͬ˵Ľ飬˼˵Ҫȥأ
ʡ϶ǲܵġ
ֵطܷôķˣȥֻʡʡǻ죿
еļǿԿǡ
ЩȨС鼫ģʺ
һλǰһ˵ȥ°ɣةǴƷ񲿵£Ҳʲô
ؼǽ֮£񲿣̫µϵܣ񲿺ͺµĹԱ֮Ǩ
ȣµȨСĶˡ
ֻʹ
ȷе˵ǹǷ
ʹĳӡ
ĳ͢ûȨǣʹڴľڴɷһҲύǱ
ͱϴķһĻףҲǽ˳Լá
Ҫǣ¹ܲ˹Աˡ
񲿣ʡɣйԱҲɡ
ȥ˺£ԴҶá
˵֣˵ŴˣĻ˵ˣܳɣ´¥ѣ򵥡
Ϊ񲿵ˣıˡ
ֻ񲿣νٸԼߡӾС
ЦЦ˵ҶͬţŴͼˡ
ܿ죬õʡԱá
߳ţлصԼլۡ
ƷְִƳҪ񣬳͢Ե˵ĹԱҲܴ󷽣ÿһλˣ֮ʱõһʡԶլۡ
⴦լֻۡоסȨ
˵λְ߽ʱլۡҲᳯ͢ջء
˻صңһϵΧȹӰӳ߳մˮΧȹϲ˲˵һϾͺá
Էʱ˵ճķ粨Ǹ˵ĺãЩ¥ַģӦñصʡЩ첻˼ңֻЩǬŮˡ
˳˼³ķˣȻŵô򵥰ЩҡǮ󣬲ǻ׾ǹݣôױصģһ˵Щ¥ĴڣҲڵ壬٣󲿷ִԹľĵûЩ¥ǵȨֶΣЩ飬ͲˣȻΪ͢ΪʲôһֱЩһֻ۱һֻۡ
һ˵ⶼЩ˵Ľڣҿɸ㣬ӦҲܣҪǰʲôҿĲ㣡
˱ôܣÿȥֻ֡
㻹֣
ڳΪ٣ֱ̫żҲɷ⵽żɣ
㣡
Ϊ˵ʵ
ɹĳ˷˻ص鷿౻˺üѵǸֳһ˿Ц⣬˵ү¹پˡ

񲿡
˺һŵ߳÷
񲿵ߡӶˣȵ죬ٲɹһЩ
֮ŵûлؼңȥθ
˻θˣŵμҳԸȻһؼҡ
첻θķϣŵſˡ
ûһۣԹԵĳŷ
Եһ룬ܺȻŵ˵ĹְܻҪ׼
ŵ׼ˣҪȻҲЩߡӡ
ʵôô죬
ɷ˶ʮ٣ܹҲûΣŵŵٶãôôеЩ졣
ܵʡⶨӦǵ£κة
Թְûиʵ˻ǽˣ
ܵԱƷةƷӹٽϿһ
Ǻ°ô飿
ҡҡͷ˵ȻٽһȨ˲٣¥ϲԱһ£ѾŭŽεԵš
ȨȻе׵ġ
£Ҫ̫ˡ
մĳ͢Ĺ£Ǹ񲿵ĹԱõġ
ᣬȥֱԵʣǱְʲô
ţжٻеȨ
񲿣ά񷨵ְ
񲿵ĹԱһ棬µƷ¹٣ϵһƷԱܡ
¹ԱճʹҪ󣬴ʹľס
ŵû˵ʲôѾϣŭǳ͢ôµģ״Ԫ飬Ǻ𣬾ͿĶӱô۸
ܽ͵Ǵ䣬ܲ͢Ҳȫһ££ƷƷĻҲҪ꣬ĻҪʮϣһӶˣֻ£Ժ󲻹ܵڴƷ
иٵ˵;ƽƣǨϢÿζǰ֪
˵£ŵԤϵġ
٣Ԥ֮⡣
˵ԱɵλϣκةףҪٵɾͲԱˡ
Σôﵱ٣νġ
ǧ㹻ʱ档
ԹӱϷ˽ȥ˵
Ժŵǰ߹ûһ
ŵ߻ʵˣ
˵һۣ˵ûС
ŵ̬ȣǰɲġ
˱ƽ˵ֲӣҪʲô̬ȣ
ŵ޻˵𽣣˵ÿҪˡ
ŵߵ£ԺԹԵ
ŵҲûȤȼ˴Ϸ֮󣬾ͺһؼҡ
ӷ߳Ժеˣɻʵ㲻һȥ
𽣣˵ȥμ˵ļңƾʲô
С˺ٺ졣
ܹܵеԹҲûֻǵãŮ˿סƾʲôԣ
˺⣬ղô˵Ȼû
Ѿ˱ѵ׼
Ĳǰˡ
飬һ˷ôı仯

μҲ
ľֹϲ
˸ж
һʼǶġ
࣬˵Ҫˡ


247 ֮
ʡ
ϸոãԱŵ빦һ£͵õ˼λ˵һͬ⡣
گݽɣҲ˳ͨˡ
λɣͬźܴѹ
ڳֱģһҲǱͨ죬⼸գֶͨʩѹҲʵǳŲסˡ
گܿ촫¡
¿ƽʿ¾٣ʵټ
ʡگҲûκ
񲿣ãҪļȮ
һΣԼһΣʡĶλԱ񲿵ĵ֮ڡ
٣ҲҪߡ
񲿡
ŵԼ÷дߡӣʡگ飬·񲿡
Ϊεڣƣ˳еĲ֮磬ɹľٰ״ִᣬͽɽϵڵط˺ܴĴٽãڣعһʾν
ٵԱְ֮κةڰڣǰΡ
һЩԱţΪگˡ
°ְ£͹һ
ǣھƷͰƷλϣѾʮʮꡣ
ˣǴƷƷڴĹٳƷƷһܴż
ƷĹԱһӶûȵƷĻᡣ
һôģ̫ة̡
λ汾µġ
̶̼£Ϊɿ죬δǰ;
ƹ֣Ҳʲ
ε£һЩر飬Ҳ㲻ʲôرĹ
ٱһЩΥ񷨵ĹԱЩ۲Ĵ˷ѹӣ͢һִᣬҲǹ
ĽĽҲĽġ
˭ûһȨ㳯Ұĵء
źºһ·ϵһѡ
һҲûʲôֵġ
ϲˡ
ϲˣ
пճ񲿿Զļҡ
Ƿĳ⣬񲿵ĹԱع֮Ҳ׷׹ֺϲ
뿪񲿣Ҳһ
ϾɵЩ˵飬еĶ񲿵塣
һЩԱĲת޵ϣʹý񲿹Ա˵ҲСġ
͢ڸٵͬʱҲµԱɡ
ŵʰԼĶ񲿹Աͱ֮£˻ظ
һ٣ֶ˰µļ١
ڼﾡ֮

Աŵ£κһ£ܿʹ鳯á
Ǩٶȣν졣
ճ͢Ĺأٳ¿ƽʿͻͨ죬Ҳø꣬ܵõǨĻᡣ
һΪǻܹٳľ飬ҲΪĥһĥǵ
Ϊôƻء
һǨ
ʷ̨ȶһ顣
ĹԱҵҵʮ꣬ҲǨ
Ÿ£УһڷŻ٣ʲôʸ
ʡԴˣҲ˺Ľ͡
һ״μǿ˳͢ͽɵϵ˿ԵĳɹάطŻʱ塣
ηǿȨµٳͬţ㡾ְأά񷨵Ϊֵᳫ
ΪԱɣάְ־ְΪеĹԱֵѧϰġ
ЩԱλı£ҴԲ˱ܣǿȨͷָڵˣڵ˵ľγǿҵĶԱȡ
Ĺ٣Ϊ˸ʡ
һͣʷ̨ȻԶԡ
źܶԣֲԡ
㡾ְأηǿȨµͬšȷΪӦġ
ܲηǿȨΪǿȨ
ΪǿȨ
ڲµˡ
ֻ˵ķݶ˸ҵ
ֵǣʡûˣ֮ǰҲһֱĶӽ볯͢ࡣ
ҪȻҲὫ״Ԫ񲿡
ôȻĹ٣
һ͸ˡ
ʡ٣ȨǾȻûһ˷ԡ
ǰ漰ӵ飬ǿġ
ʡگȨûзԣʷ̨ɣҲõ˺ĽͣһгϹ棬ŵһ£ʹö
飬¥Ժ¥ȷΥӴ͢ԱԸ¥˷ͣҵʮյĴ
ˣ񲿾ٱ¥֮£ҲĻ
¥
ƽһλ¥ȴԵø塣
һ¥ãûһλˣ¥Ÿ֮УҲǿտյġ
յ¥ٽӴˡ
¥һż֮ڡ
ϰ˸Ʒζʣũҵļɢζż䡣
һλƱоһҡͷ˵ǺþƣǴӢӢιģ͸ˡ
Եһ˵ӢӢͱˣ¥ʮ춼ţӢӢȵʮɡ
ӢӢ¥ͷơ
˳ڣΪһ衯֪ٹӣ뽫Լ˽С
κΣ¥ͣҵʮգӢӢǼˡ
ͣҵĲ¥΢߶һЩ¥ЪҵҪҲط
ֻ
ǸļһﰡЩ¸ʲô
ԼȢλˣķ˹ӵ˼ÿ첻֪Ķôȴñ˺ùĵ
ı
ڳˣǳȨӵܡ
ӳʼǾӵһС
ƸȨɫЩҪŬܵõĶС
׬ǮһӶǮ
Ҳƾ٣Щʮʮ꺮ѾŸеĽʿǣҲñϥ
ƽѰ֣б顣
ڣȤ˰ˡ
һӾͱ
̲ס޵̫ˣԺ¥󣬿ͺѵǶĶû취𣿡
һ˵ϴε飬Ϊ˲Լ˶ɱͺҲüɵǸ˰
¥ƹ񣬲ɱ𣿡
ʲôɱֻҲţǾǺӣǸġ
δ˵꣬ͱ֮˳˳ӡ
Ÿſڡ
һӰŲ˶٣Ȼ󻺲߽
ղſڵĹӻͷ˿ɫһЦ˵ˣҸղ˵ģôأǱµһѣǳӣֻǲƽϡ
ž
ո˵䣬һµİƺԴϱ
ѪԴסߣȴҲãսսҿԼİƣ˵˻ԭ¡


248 ˵ĸ
֮ӣھ֮ϣþƺư
Ҳá
¥ʱţЩûֵĵط¥֡
֮ӿɺãȻںӾٰ֮ϣ˵
˶֪¥ƹ϶Ǻġ
ЩԼ֪ˣôܵ˵ǵźӵ档
˭֪ӣⲻǵڴ
ûӵˣ³ôá
ӵȱľƺӹһԵݹ˲մϵľҺѪҲû֮ӣ
֮ԴǸȥ
̴ӴҴܽڵϣƬߣֲǬкۼ
ЦЦǸղʲô鶼ûз˵ô˵ˣԲ˳ԲˣЩˣǴ˾ũͳģƽɳԲ
£գٴλԾ
˾ũµĶعʼҵģƽȷԲ
һ磬һ̸˵ЦĬûղŵ顣
ϯ󣬺Ц˵¥ΪһЩԭҪЪҵʮգȵʮ֮ǹˣʱǵö
ԣ׷׿ڡ
һһ
յķóԣӣҵûƷּȡ
ǣ˾ũµĶɲʲô˶Ūġ
ֹˣ¥ľƣҲǳһݡ

Щƽﱻ׷ƨĴ˿ȴԱ˼
ӼӣȨȦ˾֪
ֻҪӣôһжʲôѣӶĵĳ
ǲӣ֮Ӿӡ
˭֪¥ЪҵǱ˾ٱٱ֮˵ݣѹס
ЩԼͺá
ȻַһЩС绹һƬгķΧн
ȵ˶ɢȥ֮󣬺Ÿ֮ڣϵЦʧƽʶתһֻվƱ
Ƭ̺˵ͥ˵Ҹӣǲ̫ûˣһƷ٣ﵽͷˣ
ԣһλҡͷô˵ӲֻĹٽףȻԼֻƷı󣬿ǻһĵ
ӽƱصĿϣ˵Ϊϴε飬ˣĪľú۸¥鷳
¥Ժ壬һҡǮ
һ¥˲֪ٹԱȨε飬ǵӰԶġ
¥ǺĲҵסˣԼҪ͢
εûжٹԱҹĽ¥ˡ
ԹԵĵ˱ƣ˵ҿҲҺ鷳ҳ͢Ա鷳޷ҵģԷ˵ιԱջ󡭡
ӳ˳ǣ鳼Ķ޷ң㹻̣޷ңӦץģЩԱмҲеʮ֮һ
ߵˣʵ࣬룬Ҫôܳ
һȷŵҪ
üͷʵôǲ𣿡
֪Ըûش⣬ǵӵȻǵֻҪҲЩȻܻĺ鷳
üһʵа취
룬˵ŵ޷ҵģԸҵİ취̫ˣһи취


ټӷż٣νǺ³˫
ûϼ࣬ŵָֻ״̬
ÿͼ˻߰һϽ̼ȻһУ㰲ȥ֣µʱ򣬾ڲ˳Щˣ³ƽ⣬ҸȤ
񲿵飬׹ܲˡ
˵⼸죬ࡣ
Ĵ¥ַ͢ҪЪҵ٣Щ޴ȥִصĳӣȻҲ
ھ˼ҵĻ£ַܼȷܿɹ
Ժڣŵڽ̼һµĽһӰ˽
ŵ¶֮ɫѾܾûˡ
ŵ֪Լǵ
ӣˣ
ľ飬úģúĳ̶ȣڰ֮ϣôõȷԤϡ
ŵע£ߵμǰ˵һ⣬Ѿĸˡ
ŵЩ죬һγЩ顣
ֿμˣ˵ЩҲ͵ģҷڼķˣ´λμҵʱ򣬼ǵȡ
˿˵͵ôණԲ𡣡
ŵˣƺЩ֡
˿ŵԥƬ֮󣬴ȡһµľУĿ¶һ˿֮ɫջǽϣ˵Ķ㡣
ŵμһۣ˽ϵС˵ҪˣܶԲЩӣ鷳ˡףҸ
ŬҪһЦݣˮȴôҲֹס
ɿתˮתһ̣ǵ
󲽵뿪ŵȥͣڰա
ҪʱУһǲᡣ
ܵҪȴ벻ɡ
ʶĿˡ
˵ǰһ̣˾˵ķ׷˳ȥ
ֱ׷ſڣŽֵ׷һξ룬ûп˵Ӱ
֮£ֻתȥ
ǰһֽǣһӰ߳
ĳ˵
ټ
Ҳˡ


249 
˳ȥ׷ˣܿ˻
ŵμˣҡͷ˵û׷
ǵľҪߣһͨˣ϶ס
ŵ˿ֺУϲĶ֮ǰȴ
ղŵЩǸ𣬸Ǿ
ûԭģЩ˸⾾ġ
뿪ķ򣬼ɿŵ֣ͷ˼Ƭ̣๫
ŵĿ
뵽˸ʱӣһ֮飬̧ͷŵʵǲǣ̫Բˣ
ǰûĸо
ԴµĹ֮Σվ
ֱղţ˵ʱΣﵽһּ¡
ŵ֪ôش
ϣĸдμдͼˣѡԵĺ
Ψһûһģˡ
Ҫ˵Բô˶Բ
ûеŵش𣬼˾Ϳ첽뿪ȥ׷
˿ŵ¶Īı顣
ǵģѾˣҲԼ뷨
Ȼѡ˳׷֡
̾˿ܾԩɡ
˿̡
ĳſڡ
վΡĳǽ֮£һ۳
׼߳ʱߺȻһдſ־

ſңſң
ҪҪ
תͷѭķȥһӣڵַһλŮӡ
Ůӵǿ־壬һŵȣ·İƵƵĿ
ֻǿһۣǾԶԶĶ㿪
ӵ˷Ǹ߻мɷĻͨǡ
ȨأƼͨҪСġ
һʱͿܻٵǵһ
Ҳɻ
ֵϷңٷ顣
ֵ͵ĶūֵϷŮӣϷС˵веŶΡ
ЩȨӵܣôֵݵ飬¥ĻͷƣѡǮȨҪʲôŮ˵ò
ĿĸҹҲֶΣ˳ӡ
ãҪʲô̬ģ˽ǴΣҹǱ룬Ҳܲκ֤ݡ
컯գȻҵ飬Īǲǳصģûµȭ
ſ
ڴ󲿷˶ԶԶĹʱȻһŭȵ
һλŮӣ˹
飡
λַҵĹӣƯŮһ߿ǼλҪΪͷҲһȭһת˲ȫڵϰôˡ
Ư
úã
Ů֣
ȺԶԶĿһĻ׷Ϊλ·ƽŮֻ
ԼȻҶ֣·ƽʹ競ͣҲʹ졣
ǰλѾ㣬¶ѩŮӴ·Ȼʵû°ɣ
Ůӵϣû˸ղžʧӣȻĿˣŭѽ
΢΢һ㶣ʵҾ㣬㡭
Ů˦֣˵ʲôңںλϷ֣õ¸ʲôǵģúõȤƻˡ
Ҵܵ߷ɣڵϵĹߣеӣû°ɣ
һĻɵۣΧ۵İգҲһȻ
ǾȻϷ
ݵ競ٵֵϷŮϷ롭

ȻϷٸȻҲܲš
㵹ǲò̾һ䡣
ЩǮˣĻ氡
飬һӶ벻
ǸղŻں棬ôܻеַŮ鷢
˰죬Ȼһᡣ
һûٿԹŮһۣҪ뿪ʱŮӶڵϣҡҡλӵ壬˵ӣ
ҡΣӶûκηӦ
ƺʶʲôָԹӵıϢ
һ̣ɫˢһ²Ұףһƨڵϣ૵ûûˡ
Ӧָ֮ˣеɱˣɱˣ˰
һ£ղֻ΢֣ΪǸһСѵôܻɱ
첽ǰ̽̽˵һ֮ɫҲ𽥱Ĳ԰
ˡ
ûʲôôܻأ
һֳۣȸ
ΪǵϷŮû뵽Ϸ
Ϊ·ƽȴ˶¡
صǣһᣬȻֳ
˵صȺѾۼ˺һһӽѲߵˣ쳣֮̿첽


׷˻ûл褾ʹҴҵĸ˹
ոܽԺӣ;ŵ˵÷򣬲ˣǣһ׮ӣץˣ
ŵҲһ£𾪵ʲô
褽ϢոմμңҾ͹ˣǻȥɣ
ŵ褸ϵõʱ˺ĸѾˡ
ǰʵأ
ܵõϢĵһʱ䣬ʹ˿Щ㱣ûеһʱشŵ
߹̾һ˵Ѿӹ˴˰ιﱻ´ˡ
ŵüͷһʵôӹܣѵǡ
ܵ˵ͷ˵Ƿӡ
ӾȻǴ͵ȵȨ󣬵ҲȨ
Ȩ󣬽лѪȨ󷸰漰Ȩİӣ´ã̲ʹ¶ܲš
Ȩ½ӹܣϷ
ŵܣʵ׷ʲô飬˿֪
ܵ˵ͷ˵Ѿˣ˰ȻԴһᣬϾֳĻһλӾʵЩ鷳
ܵĿУŵ֪ܿȥ
飬һϵеɺϹɵġ
Ӻһ¥ŮӣɫݵϷ
ϷŮ֡
һȻأԳͻһϵļһţͨܵƤ֮࣬ȴҪ
ЩɺϣڵĽ
˭뵽Ȼ˱ְ̬竵ϷŮӡ
ڲ֪£˵Ϊڹʧɱˡ
ڴģɱֱ֣ıɱؼɱؼɱؼɱؼϷɱؼʧɱ
Ԥıɱˣأһɵն
ʧɱˣᣬ̷ҲҪżͽ̡
һУǰġ
ɱȨ󣬲ǳʲôԭȣ̲⣬͵ȵȨȻҪ
ɷԴδı䡣
Ҳ̲סʵǻô
촽˶ȴʲôû˵
ɱģֻһͨӵܣԼƷΪⲻ̷
ֵģһȨԼɱȨҲ
ҡҡͷ˵ɱȨ󣬲ɱǹʧɵն겻ꡭ
ԣɫһ䣬תȥ
æץסʵȥ
ȥʲô£˾ȳ
ܵ侲
ŭ˶ҪǴնˣҪô侲
ŵҲǰ˵ĸˣȱ𼱣ȥ¼һˣŪȥ˵Ҫ˵Ҳþ¡
ĸ˵ӣܸɳ顣
Ҳ˵ܴܲ½˾ȳܣҲӲ
һ򲽣ӻڣҲ
´νˣΪڶԳ͢ս
Ǻǿ󣬵ڹһǰԶԶ
飬ýֶν
õ飬ҪõֶΡ
ŵڣ侲ŵΪģο˵İɣΣҶµġ
ŵ뿪ٴ̾˿˵
һۣû㰦ʲô
һҡͷһ˵̾ˡ
üͷһ壬ʵôˣ
ܽ͵޵Ƿңմɷιﷸµ˵ӣӦа취ģĻķ֮·ɾҪˡ
Ȼû޷ңΪɷԷҲ˽⡣
д˰һΪˡ
֮׵̷˷Ҵɣò˶ãһΪʧҴзҵĿܡ
֪жٷҵӣΪԭҡ
ġ
ҲȨǶԸЧֶΡ
ڳϺǶǶ£򵥸ɴǵķ֮ģǲ޷ңȻҲͲȥȨǵ鷳
𷨼ңҶƷеҪߣΪ޷ңҲתҡ
ĳû£ܳһԸ޷ң޷ҵˣʵ̫ѵˡ
ܲŽ̾
ԣԼɷ
Ҳ΢΢ͷ
࿴ŵ뿪ķ
˵ģǾζţŵҪ˺޷֮ѡһ
Ҳȫȷʲôѡ
֮˵ȥ
ҡҡͷ˵ûõģǸ˭֣ԣһ
ҲҪȥ
ʱ

ĳװεʮֻĴڣȻվ߽ˣʵˣ
˵˵ͷ˵ŮӣѾȥ£ͿŵȲˡ
ӻ£¶Цݣ˵ͲˣμҵˣԺȻ϶ңȣ䣬ٵ׵ͥͥ㲻ֲĶӣȻĵİ취
˰˰֣ǫ˵ְ취Ѿǰ˵ģҲֻЧ¶ѡ
һҪȨһҪȨ
ҺȨԹžС
궷ȨǶԸҵľ飬Ȼޱȷḻ
Ȼ׷Ĺ
Ҳˡ
˾˽
ǮǣջǣȨʴǣǾȥջ󣬸ʴǵˡ
˺ǰֻѡһʱʱĳ֣ǲһѡ
󲿷ˣһЭ
ЩЭģķһһ飬һǻЭĵĽ֮·ߵףҲվΪһ¼ҹˡ
ӿˣЦ˵ӺãиɻôǸʱģ
΢΢һЦ˵¾Ͳùˣ֮·ģٵ򣬾õˣҲ鲻⡭
ƳһۣһصģˣҲˣҺ뿴ŵڵӰȥµ
æ򲻿ɣϸĵŵҲЩµģưΪ¶ԶЩΪá
ô˵ʵ̲ͣסȥ£ڸҸ¥ƹ˰ɣӣʵܡ
룬ҲֻܵǺðɡ
¡
ſڡ
ھ֮УλȽ⡣
ͬڳ͢ţֱӲ볯ֻؼȨˣйػȨϣкܴȨʡҲѲڲ
ſڣλУȫװʿŵ֣˵صأ
ŵȡһƣ˵ٺةŵͷͨ
ʿһۡ
ةʲô
ةǸ֣ȷе㶫
һת߽£ܿ߳˵롣
µĲ֣ʹºŵո̤£ͿǰĿյϣΧˡ
һðײŵʬǰŮ޵ġ
һɫٷվϵıãȻʹ࣬ұ
͢ĹԱٷв죬ŵĹٷԼٷϵı־ƶϳ䡣
ղϣܼѾ߹ˣʧɱģ֮ӡ
ľλУ˷һӦǶȷز
䣬ԭǴһȲĶλӺԽһȵĴۣΪֻʣһӡ
ӣλͻᱻ͢ջء
ӹ¹ܣĶӣ߼ŵĸоЩͷۡ
ʿߵһԱǰС˵˼䣬ǹԱ߹˵ةкιɣ
ԱӦһλ䣬ŵҲֻӲͷƤ˵һǣٵã˵Ѿӹܴ˰˽ⰸ顣
ԱûڣվʬԱߵԱԣȻתͷȻǰʲôҹȥ
˱ϾոΨһĶӣ̬Ȳпԭŵܿ˵λ˵飬Ͼһӣ˽ĺãλˣҲԸԩ
Ա˫ȭգ˫Ѫ죬вѪ˿ҵٶɱģĿãʲôԩģ֪ٽո㣬ˣҲҪɱٶֳɣҲ費ң
ȻѾŭ˼㣬˵仰ؿڻھҵŵĿޱ·һֻ˶ɵҰޡ
һ̣ͫȻһ
ܿ죬е֮ɫȥؿڲƺָ侲
ŵ󣬴һƽȵĽŲ
һŵӣֻ
һ͵ķŮӣಽĸĽŲᣬûκԵǰ֮˵ĽŲ
ԭ쳣˸ۺͿ£Ȼ䰲
һֱ͵ĹƺҲְӰ죬βͶ㵽
ֻһȵĽŲÿһƺ˵
һּѹֵգ֮Уӿ
ѹֵĳһµʱߵŵԣĿƽĿŶѾ侲Ա˵ˡ


250 
ƽ˵ˡ֣
еȭͷգҲΪ߶΢΢ҧ˵ˣҵĶˣΨһĶˣѲһһ𣬶Ӿˣ
µˣĿ⣬Ҳ
ΨһĶӣλӣν衣
ƽݳҲͰˣλҲǰɼԶӵӡ
ֻϧٴСಡÿ£˶Ứؽ̫ҽҽ塣
˵㣬ٻţдڽӴϣ
£ٵʬ壬ôһ˿ϣҲˡ
Ӿκ˵ǲɳܵĴ
ѹֵŭֻǵڰܸŵˣҪúõĻȥ㻹ˣ𣿡
һɫΪ԰ס
仰ҪǴӱ˵ܻǰο
˵ǳв
˼ǣˣľͲĶӣȫң
ͷ˿ʬǰļˣ۾֮󣬲ŴＷ֣ˡ
˵仰ˣǱǬеֱͦͦĵȥ
Һһλ¹Աʱˤڵء
ȵ䣬ŷѾ˹ȥڱǶѪ
һڹԱ÷ŭǵӰ
̫
ֱ̫
˸ո˶ӣǿб֣Ľ˹ȥô۸˵ģڣڣ
ȻҲֻŭӡ
λֶκȨǸ߹٣ûɱˣʱͷ񣬺ûʲô
¹Ա̴Ҵȥ
ŵ룬Ҳ̧Ÿȥ
£֮ڡ
η䣬˿ң԰ף˿
δ뵽ģʧ䣬뿪ĵصʱ򣬾Ȼᷢ顣
ɱˡ
ɱЩ̿ͣûκ
ɱһλ޹֮ˣбܼ尾
µĴûд޾ĺڰ·Ҫһ㡣
֪˶ãڰУȻһ
εĴű򿪣վη֮ǵӰʱУȻͰ
ŵҲ˿
ڽӽ˵һΧʱһʱ俴򷨵䡣
û
˰Ȼè塣
ֱûдôɺϣôܶյϡ
ɺϵĽɫݣɺϵķӣɺϵಡɺϵǡñײ
Ȼ֪˭ڵֻҪģôûʲôˡ
Ҳһʱηԭ
ţ߽η֣˵ؼҰɡ
֣סŵ֡
ʱ֮ǰźǸ
Ϊǽ
ȴû뵽Ӹټֻ˰ʱ
ǰ棬ŵǣˣ˵ע֮£߳£Ӱܿʧ
ֱ뿪ãµĹһ˲ŷ׷ת
һ̣Щ¹Ա̷ŭڡ
̫ˣ
̫
ǿ֣ﻹûһɷˣ
Ǵ䣬Ȼ࣬һҪ࣡

ŵѾ͸һţ˺ĸһš
˵ı飬Щ㱡
͵͵˶һۣʱ̵ͷ
ŵˣ촽˶ӣźܴè壬ˣʱ׷ʲôȻ˷춯
ŷϳֵİŵ̵ͣ

ܼսʵүôˣ
ŵƿĿڽɨһȦΧȺֱһ¥¥ú߶ϡ
¥¥ڵλãӺˣҲȻıһ
ŵʱ򣬺¶ңʶ˿
΢΢һ֮󣬺ŵĿݽ㣬Ȼ𴦣ޱȵȻƺֻһҲĶӡ
ŵҲջߣܼҵûˣ߰ɡ
صθ֮󣬸˾ͱһȺΧʶġ
࿴ܣһŭɫ˵㿴㣬ʲôãؼʱԼŮȲˣ
ܸո˿⵽ӵѵ⡣
ԴˣҲ
ȷʵȲŮ
ãʸеôģҲֻһ
΢΢ͷһģȴûз
ȻѾؼˡ
飬Ÿոտʼ
ǿдɱȨķˣ仰ÿһ֣ͨԱɱһͷģֶӵоûй
ǰоҪӵĶࡣ
ʵǣսɷãԼȨȦưոݣԤǣգ֮ϣͻһꡭ
ʱ¸ĳ¥
ӺλˣѾ֪¸ոշ顣
ǣŴ£ҲþõĻز
ǵļƻŵҪŮӣȻô²ִ¡
壬пת
˴£һоٿˡ
ȻŮ
ǵĿģҲɱŮӡ
ŵķ֮Ĳǡ
ֿܣҲûϵȻ˼ֱӵİ취
ΪͥˣȻ֮󣬸п˵治Ǵĵһֻ͢Ҹ顣
ϵı飬֮⣬һ˿ļ
ȨӦеӡ
ĸȻǳӣȴСΪӣͳӵһСͻҪɱԼ
أɷȨƣΪΪ
ȻվӴǺĸ󻼡
Ӳòϣ۾͵ˣ
һ̣ӾȻЩĽŵ
һλףһλӵ顣
ҪֵζЦѡ
ͥʵŮӱ˻ȥǵһЩţҪҪʩУ
ӣΨһİš
μλŮӣҲֻǵҪĿ֮һ
ѾֵϷŮŵΨһһεĳ֡
һξ͹ˡ
ЩӣŵߵĶλҪǽĶ
Ϊ˽ŵˮ˺ܶİţãÿζʧܸա
ϾεȰţջҪԷѡ
飬ʧΣֻҪɹһΣܴﵽĿġ
ͥҡҡͷ˵ˣ黹ûн²ݣȨҲݣֻ뻵ķ֮ģû뵽ȻҲˮĺѾܹƵˡ
ʵ㰲ŵ鵽ǰɣ
һССӣҲȨƺԷҲϲС鷳
ͥ΢΢һЦ˵İɣҰŵ޷죬Ʋ֪ġ


251 
θ
θ֮ˣѯʺͰοˡ
ŵղҲ˵ģûʲô
ӱϿһܵ͵Ĺʧɱ¼
ԼôΪġ
ûз䣬ŵҲܱƭȥ
ղڽͷŵص䣬ȡֽܿͻ
˸ոշ°ӣ˵Ļ񣬾ͳڷ֮ϣȻĻ֮ɡ
Ȳĳ¸ȴû뵽
ӷѧĽǶ˵ɱ֣طֳϰߡ
ȻǲǰֳҲһĵ
Ȼ˲ǵĿꡣ
ǵĿ꣬ԼпǸס
ŵʶʱ֪кγԹ
ȥܼʣ֪ϢİҲ˹
ȻƽﲻԸ£ҲȻⲻΪġ
߽䣬Ƴŵϵһ΢΢һʵ㻭Ǭʲô
ŵʵʶ𣿡
˵ͷ˵ȻʶǺǬǴСһ𳤴ġôȻˣ

ŵһ£ͺûʲôڡ
Ҳûʲô̫Ĺڡ
޷ǾǸڷִλʱش˺ĵ
ϴ¼Ϊƽ£ɱ¥ƹ
پǰʱϲ¥ٱһЩ¥ַ¥бصյġ
¥ǺĲҵ
񡭡Ҳʲôڰɣ
һСĦ
ŵʵʲôʱʶǬģ
Ȼͺһ𳤴󣬵ϣǵĹùãЩӵܣ̫Ըһ棬ǵĹϵҲ׽
ŵصڸղš
֮䣬ĳĬһЩѰζʵôˣ
ѾܵĹϵȻûʲôģŵ˵İӣΣӲɱģˣĻӦúͺѲ˹ϵ
Ȼϵ׽ЩӵܣǽΪ˽ġ
룬ü˵ǬˣСͺӣϲ˴ٲڶ฽ӹ֮ǰε˺ӣԸ񣬵ȷпܱ
ŵֿһˣʵ˭
һۣ˵Ǿ֮ͥǬཻĪ棬ͺĹϵͬ״˺ʹֵĹϵһ㣬ʮᶨվںһߡ
ȻǵطԱϽĵطǴĹ
Լܣ龩׸Ͻ
ƷľڳȨӰ죬ƷԱ֮ϡ
˵Ȩȴ仹һЩ
ٳ飬ֻۣ໹Ҫʵʡ
ŵʵô֪ӣڱݣ
ŵղŴ»ʱڽϿˣӿҵĵһۣһӦ㣬û£¹ţֱңġ
Ҳϸˡ
ȻɺףҲԼֱʵ
ԼţҲš
Ѿ·飬ŵЩǵ˵ȻǱԩģǸ´»᷸ŭ

ʱո·飬ѾޱѸٶȣ˳š
̫

Ҵôôһλ˲磡
͢һãУȥ

£ȨǳΪŭ
ȨԣɱһȨȴøκδۣ飬̡
ϴŵɱģȨ֮ӡ
һȥģȨ󣬺һȨ
ǰ漰Ȩ֮£ٻɷĿ֮¡
Ҫһ㽲ˣ
ڳԣƻйΪҲǲ̵ġ
βֹһΣһ䱾
ʡ
λˣλɣµļߡӣʱоͷޱȡ
⼸ߡӣֻһ֡
ĸȨ󣬵ߡӣԴԴϵĵ
ʷ̨ҲҪʡ¡
ȻҪǴûз顣
ȻƽҲܲҲûô
˷ʱӰ߽÷
ˣ
μλˣ
λ׷յߣҶࡣ
˵ǳðеףλ࣬Ǵĳ֮ϣλ˳Ĵڡ
ǲ࣬Ҳǵ徳Ĵ壬һΪΪ˾
˵ˣǱ£Ҳмӡ
˳֮ʡˣ׷Ĺһ㡣
࣬һλɿЩ£ʾʦ⡭
߿ڵʷ̨̲˰زϸɵ㣬˰˷ʱѺʷ̨֮á
ɵǣ˰˷Ѿˡ
һλߵǾȥҪ
̽ʵأ
߽صڵϣ˵͸һΣϷȥҪ
Ȼʯ֮ϣص졣
ʡ˵ģҲŲ˲
һΣˣҲǶŭ
ҲѹදŭǴҪô򵥣ƻģǳ͢תĻ
ȵɢȥ֮࿴Եߣݺùõ棬˵̳ĺõӰ
û˵ʲô⣬ĬȻ

θ
ܿվԺеһӰ߹ȥڵлˡ
ϲģˡ
ܳĬƬ̣˵ֹлˣе֮¡
һΣû˵ʲô
࿴ܣʵʲô飿
ҡͷЩʱٸɡ
ٴο˵飬޷ճ
޷˰飬һ˾壬˰͢ǹһе
ɫӣ˵㻹Ǻ͵һģһ
࿴˿ֿ˿ܣʵôˣ
ûеܵĻشܼҵ֮£ŹٷӰ˽
һگ飬˵ˣ¹ٷλ֮ǰ׽÷һ˷ʷ̨̲˰Ҫ˷Ѻ͵ʷ̨
θ˿һĻӴ߳Ͻ¶֮ɫ
λԹʣ飬øΪˡ
ǵģᵽɤۡ
λ˵ģҲᵽɤۡ
Ҫ˿ô찡
ȴûΪǣͷ˵˰漰䣬²ףԭ˾֣Ȼλگ㽻ˣţһܻ޹֮ס
ˣû뵽Ҫ˾Ȼô˳
˻Ǻܽ


252 ֮
θ
گ飬˵ˣ
ڰ֮ǰԷ˳ƺ
̵ǣ¹ôˣǿԴߴ˰ɷ𣿡
˵ͷ˵Ȼԣǲ𣿡
໹˵ʲôһۣĿеĳ뵭ջѡ˳Ĭ
˳΢΢һЦ˵ûµģ߰ɣϳ͢ѣ˾ͻ
˵ĿŵŵҲ΢΢ͷ
ڰûв֮ǰҪˣȷ̣Ҳһŭ顣
ŵϣܹͨϷϹ̣ס
ŵοеĽ⡣
һԱż˫֣ĸҸϼ˵زأ֮ǰֻɣòЩ
ͷһۺżˣûЩʲôŻȥ

˱ʷ̨˴ˡ
ʷ̨ǲܿģĹԱģ˼Ϊһ
ΪģŵͰԼĸһǰʷ̨
ǲģʷ̨ĹԱȴĬǽȥһ÷ʱϢ
ڷŲӡ
ȻţȭͷҲ߬ĺܽɼﲢƽ
ŵҪĶ࣬߳÷վĳϣһֺĵĸо
ָо̲ʹµĸо񣬵̲ʹ¸
ʷ̨Ϊ٣Ȼ޳˺ȻҹԱ
Ȼֱ֮Ϊ֮ͬȻġ
ͬʱʷ̨ĸ߼ԱҲⲻ巨˫ޡ
ŵΪ̫ǳܵôϤϢڵķ㲻ܿƵӿ˳
ƺӦܿ죬мӰӸ÷˳׷ŵķ
İϢ˭޵ڶˣ
ɲѾֻһ֮ңˡ
ѵãѵðȻ˽޵һ
˭Щ졭

վĳ÷ˣܵеϢʷ̨ĹԱ۷׷ףܿ˭
״Ԫޣν֮ʱǵȻǼġ
һ̣ʷ̨Աı飬ݡ
Ķӡ
ڶ۷ķҵӡ
ݣͬһ˵ϣĿãǶš
շµ飬ֵ÷зҲ֪
ǿŵĿ⣬Ϊìˡ
ſôĸף
ôĶӣ
ʱһλʷߵŵǰ˱ȭ˵֡
ŵһЩҲ¶Цݣְ֣þò㱻ֵʷ̨ˣ
ֲ֣ŵӡġ
һŵ֪ģΨһһڿƾǰ޳Ȼѧӡ
ĹĿŵܴæ
ڸղţõĿϵĻ
ֲ֣Цֻǵң
ŵȻ޳ȻģҾͼ֣һ㱻ֵʷ̨Ǻʡ
ϣŵ֪Ҳ˽ʿ
ŵȣֲ֣ʷ̨˾š
ֲ֣ЦЦ˵游ʷʷ̨٣ҴС롣
ŵЦϲ֣档
ֲ֣Ҳȭϲָ
һʮӰ߽ʷ̨
Щˣʷ̨̲׸گ鰸Щˡ
ӣͺܼ򵥣·֮ʱĿڶ࣬Ҳûʲôòġ
ȥ֮ǰѾչˡ
ܼߵŵߣɫЩ̫ÿ
ղţ⼸鰸֮ʱ˾ȫ̸档
ĽСܲ
٣Сಡкصļ
ɫʮֹŹ֣֮ǰϲңŮӡ
Ϊ±ʱķزǰλԽȥ
Ժٻˣϲ¥ŮӰңڽͷȨϷҵϷ롣
Ը飬ٸȻܲˣǴ˾˷绯ݣҲû
ٵΪǰͿʼˡ
֮ǰֻضЩظѲߵĽ͹ٲ֪ΪҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
⼸գΪѰ̼ʼطˣ˲ᡣ
ɱײȻͷ顣
ʬ졣
ޱϸµļ飬ٵ壬һµ֮⣬ûκˣֻжļ
ľɼҽļͻĽۡ
˾ʬ٣ҲͬĽۡ
ӱϿ˵Ĺʧɱˡ
ŵ֪ǡ
Ȼ֪Ӻúַ߻¼ĿǰΪֹ仹ûг
˶ŵ˵ˣǶԽûĻپϱʡˡ
ŵʵһֱڹ̶ϷΪƫƫ˵ط
˵ͷ˵˵ǺеҲɣݷߵĶλԣΪİѾϰΪҪ׷µĴ̼֮ǰʼµĵطݡ
ֲ˵¥ŮӣҲϸʣйʣûɵ㣬⼸գҲûнӴ˵ȣ϶ֻһ⡭
ŵܼҡ
ܼ΢΢ͷӣ˾ûвκο֮
һû£ûвκɵ㣬ŵȥҲûá
ȥˣֻŮĽֱ֣ʵҲ֪Ϸ·ƽѵҲд𣿡
͵侲ймҹ棬λȻں⣬ȴ˼صĺҲá
׷ʵôã
Ȼʷ̨̲׸а참֮ˣλûʲô
ֻһͨˣǿɷķΧ֮ڣ̷͡
Ȩ
ɱһλȨ󣬲ܳʲôԭ
ɵն
ε˵һ䣬ŵ˵˻𣿡
ŵҡҡͷ˵ûˡ
͢ڴµĴȫϺɷ
ȻԷҲشȻĿǼΪִɷϵ£ܱдĴȫ
ԴɷǹʧɱȨ£Ҳǲġ
Ҳֻ
ӻͳһ鴿ƣݸ
鴾ƣŵΪԼòˡ
ܽŵҲܸơ
ƣ˵ǹʧɱˣǹɱȨҲóеκκ
Ȩɱ⡣
һССӣǴ־֡
ȻҲᳫƣ˱޹ŵûκѹ
΢΢һ㶣ֽӹơ
촽˶૵⡭
ŵʵôƣ̷𣿡
˶˵ܣȻܣҪһƵ١
뿪
ܿȥ
ġ
ǣȨʡ飬Ϸ
ȥ̷ҲϷ
һг򣬺ϷϹ棬˭ë
ʷ̨һԱǬ˵ˡ


253 ݺ
ʷ̨
˴ʷ̨˳
ܺԭأһʱδӦ
̶̰գνתǧء
ɱٵٵ
ǵҲ𣬷ȥɽȱ
û뵽һССӣͽ⡣
ܿŵ̲סʵƣģ
ŵҵ»
˿̵ЩССĸп
˵ڤڤ֮Уƺ⡣
Ǵ»
ˣԭӦ
תתջõϡ
ڳڶԱҲû뵽Ȼôչ
ưǿҵıеĻӶֻһ飬Ȼ˵;͡
һңǳĶ衣
ȻҲͬûɡ
ûҲͲĴ
ˣһжѳ䶨
ʡĹԱ⣬ΪԻȥˡ
̲ʷ̨ĹԱҲ⣬Ȩ󲢲һȣԷˣ͸ˣλͶƵĹͲӦñ
ͬʱǿŵУǳϧ
õķӰջǶ˽ġ
ңһ˽ģζеΪֹ
ٷҺҵӣ˽ġ
ŵǲ֪ЩԱ뷨Ѿĸ˵Ȼȥɡ
˻ڻ֮Уǣ֣ߵʷ̨ſʱһӰҲ˽
ǣĿͣһ˲ʵӲˣ
߳ʷ̨˶Ųһ٣˵ˣѾˣ֮ϵλʧɱˣɵնС˳ʾһöƣͷš
΢΢ͷȡһɫӣ˵˵Ļӣǰˡ
ֽƵݸŵ˵ֶˣŰɣ´λõϡ
һڹԱƣǴԭء
ǡôа
˼ƣǸոմӱֵġ
ƣǴײˣô
ºͿ
һƣֿΪΪ
ЩԱǣ𾪺Ͳ޵飬ص˸ֵš
֮ôĽ⣬ִ͸һµƵϢҲܿ챻֪
һѾֻˡ
ټһƣ˱֮⣬ã˭ε
˶û뵽һȻķʽ
ȨԼȨӵܷУ̫ķ
ͬ飬εķʱһʱ֮䣬޷ϰߡ
ӹɵǣһı棬еУ⡣
ٱΣҲκζ顣
ǰԱ
鷢֮ҲЩ˿
Ķӣվ޲ɷˡ
֮·Ǻ͵һ
巨˫ޣǳ۵ǣ󻹲巨ʧ
ֻһ㡣
ʧȥΪ֮󣬾޷죬޹˼ɣ׿ļ֮·
ҶȨǼԷҵӱˣֺγǣ
ֻеȵ򿪣ǲ֪ģ˳򣬻͵Ұޡ
ֻϣŵҪ·
֮ͬʱλǶȨǹԱ˵ǲ״Ĵֲ
θ
ص䣬˿㱵ӣŵİο㲻飬һɺϡ
̧ͷãȻĿ
ŵ͵ҵģֻܵǣһжǵ֮С
಻ΪʲôҪô
˵ĻԼʷ̨Աʱۣ˿ҲѾ׹Ҫġ
ıȻ⣬͵ŵ޷ҵģƸ˷ҴɣԺҲ޷зңڵΪҲὥʧȥ
ҵӣΪȨݡ
ҲˣҪ谭޷ңʡگֹٿ󰸡
ֻڱ档
һΣǲȡ֮ҪӸ϶Ͼķ֮·
Ŀŵ˵֮ǰУΪȫˣ
ŵΪЦЦ˵ûϵܲܿ˱նǲзңҲԴͷʼ
ε飬Ҳһ
޷ң̫˼Ǻޡ
ǲŵá
һķңӦ֪޷ҡ
ˣ˵ҲǷӣۣǸ֮ˣֻΪѡ
̧ͷ૵𣿡
ŵԴЦģȥֻý;λķʽˣȫھʲôġ
οˣصԼķ䣬ŵлЩޡ
ȻһƣֶһƣƵûб䡣
õǿ飬Բá
ȵѼ㹻֤ݣΪ˷֮˵ʲôҲҪǿҪ
˿̣ŵǵǣôİӵġ
˾ڣ͢ôಿţûвһ쳣
粻ƫƫǸʱ
ʱǡô
ôɺϣɺϵһǲܵġ
УȻгĽ롣
ߵĿԲ֣߳˲֪ʬҲºۼ
ǵߡ
֣߳ΪݺһСĸʥôУ
ŵų
֮УңҲܡ
īңңҽңҲų
ҵֱӶҪ߾Ϊ
ʧѾõݺңӵһƿԲٿģҲܲٿʵֻǶԸһͨˣҪ̫ߵΪ
ֻڰټǳἰңҲһ㣬ġ
ֻҪʣдһ˵ˡ
ʲôʱʲôط֣ʲô飬ںԭ򡭡ֻҪ̶ֶ̼ѡ
ҸΪ죬ֻڴ˵֮Уû֪١
Ǿôģŵö֪
ֻҪ֪˭ľˡ

ĳƫ֮ڣӺͶЦǴģǬ
һֱڹע£ʷ̨飬Ȼһʱ͵֪ˡ
ӵ͢ûвκɵ㡣
ŵƣȥŮӵ
ưæһʵĴĿġ
ܶʱҪɱˣ˽
ͥ˿ھƣ˵εȥ¾ͲҪȥŵˣ˵ִӱһƣѾ޲ɷңͬѾûˡ
ӵ˵ͷ˵İɡ
֮סеɻ󣬿ͥʵ㵽ôģ͢˾Ȼһⶼû
׷ͥԥƬ̣Ҳʵ¿֪ӰټУһңΪݺң


254 ˵ľ
ȻûУǶӰټң˽ġ
ʱʱȻѧϰ֪ʶ
ݺǿʢ֮ʱѹңҶҪâ
Ǹʱ򣬻ڰٹսսʱڡ
ݺڸ֮䣬Ĳٿش½ƣڵĹ̲
ڵݺҵİ£Ľ
սĽʼϢûдս£ݺûʩչ̨伣
Ҵˣңңīе˶٣ΨݺңѾʧ
ӾȵݺҾȻдУ
ͥ˵ͷ˵ӰټңʵдУֻݺңЩ˼٣ҲżȻŽʶһλ
Щ˷ܣʵɷ
ͥ¶ɫɵ
üͷ΢ʵô𣿡
ͥһ֮󣬻ǵ˵ͷ˵λ뱻˴ţȻʶȥ˵˵

ҹ
θ
Ϊ˵飬ŵμҡ
˵飬Ӧûûƽŵ߽Ժӣţӷڴûйأɡ
ŵŶ룬ǰ𷢴
ŵ߹ȥʵ飿
˵ͷû˵
ŵ£˵ˣǸ˲ɱģֻ㣬Ҷѡ
ʵǸ˵顣
֪˱Ǹ֮ˣûʲôˡ
ǣŵʧȥеΪ
ȻҲ츳кǼѣ츳ٺãҲҪʮϵĿޣСɡ
ûʱС
̧ͷŵ˵Բ𡣡
ŵɻԲʲô
ٴεͷ˵һС
ŵ֪ԭ
ȫûʲôõĵģɱģŵ˽İпܶΪӰ졣
ɱˣֻǱԩģܻΪŹ֡
˰֣˵ûʲôģ᲻ӰУ˵Ĳ޷ˣ˳Ŷ㻤ҵҲûΪ˺û¡
˿Ƶᣬһӣаĳ
ˣŬУԺ󱣻
ˣһӡ
ŵ֣˵
ŵʵʲô
˵ҵֺС
ŵҲûдΪʲôҪջȥֻЦЦ˵ˣԼȥȡɡ
˲ҵĻ
ŵҡҡͷ˵͸˵ģҪĻٸ㻭һЩ
Ȼû˵ȴ˵ͷ
˵Щŵ뿪
һԺſڣ࿿ϣŵ뿪̾˿в֪Щʲô
վߣʵ˵˻߲ˣ
һ˵ʲô߰˳ߵȥûá
˵Щ飬ܣʵ˵ĵ֮£ʲô
ԣ̾һĿ䡣
֮£޷ǾһЩСʥˣƾٸУٳҪҵһҵ
ƾٸƣøˣǺѧӣͨƾٸıԼˣı䳯͢ȨҰѳֵ״
ͼ£ϣϵ̰档
ֱȡλƶȣȡȨһӦȨ
ԼĶ䷨ЩҺռݵأա
ܺǵб䷨֮һ
һͬб䷨ʮʿı永ɱֻܻ
ܻΪǵˣ
ܻΪı永֮ǰ߳˱䷨Ķ顣
ʱգôܿǶı
ĿȻ˵ˣڻˣһֱϲһе顭
ҹ
֮Уߡ
ǿеƣĳЩͷһ
ƱΡ
εĴƣͷ۵顣
˵һڶ飬δûе顣
Ҫ볹װ⵹»õȵ´λ»ʵǻ
Щ꣬ԽԽˣ˿ûдλλӵ˼
ֿӣʲôʱǸͷ
丮
Ұ׵ĵſҵУʹۡɢһɭζ
丮ҲһƬ֮С
ΨһĹȴ˵ν˫ش
֮ڣĿնǰ˷·ʧȥꡣ
ΪΨһĶӣ֪˶٣û뵽ͷվһա
֮⣬ȻһŲ
俴߽ӰȻվ
ȻеķŭԱеȭͷգѹסеŭˣôˣ¹ٸϣкιɣ
Ҫ˵丮޵ˣȻĪ
к޼Ҳұֳһһ
ߵ棬£ᵧ˵ٷ°ڵĻҳȻŵ֪˺ޱ٣ȱźޣ֮飬ǣ٣ǵ֮ڡ
ƤȻһʵ棿
ֻǸ㣬벻ţ㡣
俴һۣӡ
Ȼ֮ǰ֮ǣȴ˵Ļ
ȨƣûбҪԹ͡
⣬׵ĸȫҡ
֮һЩʵˣҶģ˭
Ƭ̺¶֮ɫ𾪵ΪʲôǴûеǣ
Ҳڹٳ꣬ιʳ˵ɵ⣿
ܿͨЩ£ںûʲôԹֻʺϲʺϡ
ٶȷǺܺʵѡ
ֵģǵˣ棬ȴĻŲɡ
վ˿еĹľ˵֮򣬽֮ٵ³ȫȡ˵һӣɱ֮ǰ簮ˡ
̧ͷɫǺ죬Ѳ˵仰Ƕ衣
ӹһֽӹ
һɫĴƿ
ƿһöҩ֮󣬿ʱ۷磬˰պûᣬﻹһӣѡ񣬻ҪԼ
˵գ㱳ȥ
ŮӣΧ˹
һŮӿ䣬ʵү˵ⲻǶҩɣ
γƿƿһöҩ˳ԥķ¡
ǱĵҩҪ˼
ģûɡ
ɱòַ
ҩ¶ǲϢ;һаֻСǡΥĸо
뵽ղŵĻ˵ҩҩЧֻаʱҲ˲ýոո˶ӣһȺң죬ȥǶ


255 Ҳ
һջֵ÷зվͳƽϢ
һƣס˵졣
˭ڴ¡
峿

ŵӰķ߳˸׼ԺʱȻԺӴһ춯
ǽͷԺ
ղģ
ŵʵʲôʱģ
һһ˵ϡ
ŵʵ㲻ˣ
컹˵ڣϾͻİ˻˱ŵʵĺΣʵϣҪϣߵĻھߣ
ŵûлӦǽͷӷóǸֺУ»صԺ˵´ҪٻҾ͸ˡ
˴ֺУ˵㻹û飬ûµĻÿҪˡ
ŵߵһߣһὣ
ϣǰԱڿˣ֮ǰŵûô
Ľûʲô⣬ֿ˻뿪ˡ
Ȼȥ±ӣҪɡ
ҲԩҲװʧһƣôôˡ
ŵص䣬Թ緹ûãܼҾͱһѾ߽˵үҪľڣˡ
Щڣŵܼҵġ
ĶǺܿ죬һͽˡ
ŵ򿪵һڣ棬һЩԱȨϡ
Ȼݲͬλͬһͬ㣬ǶǺĵ
ӵİλУǳӡ
Ȼûлλ봫ĹأΪӣϣһƵģҲһЩȨ͹ԱԸᶨվһߡ
УԾΪס
ͨӵƿ˳⣬ܵ󲿷ֵ²Ա
ЩУϸļ¼ЩԱĸϢǵļͥԱϲãϰߣ֮µʱ䣬ǵ
ϣȻֻ˾ӵС
˾ְ֮һѼеĹԱϢֻЩϢҲӴ
˾ֱӶԱ¸
²ڣԸ׸
õЩϣ˵ֻһ仰顣
ЩϣһЩΥ֤ݡ
ֻ˾ȴδǡ
ŵҲǳٳĲˣٳ֮ϵĺܶ飬ûô򵥡
Щ˷ȴûдãҪôʱҪôǻĹǡ
ŵĿ⣬ھڵĳһҳͣ
һҳһ˵İűϵ
ЩԱһЩ̰ܻߣְȨСδõģֻһ
ŵܼңʵô£Ϊʲôûд
˾ľֻдˣǺǬСӣ´˰֮ͨһʹɹ
ܼƺ³ŵ˼֮˵үûǲҪ
ŵüһʵΪΣ
ܼҽ͵ΪǺӵСӣǽϵĵ֮һ
˵ϣŵͶˡ
Ǵĵһңڵʱ䣬ȴҪԶˣϣΣЩңȴЩ
ǲڳŲСӰ죬ǵĵ̣Ȩȳ͢
һңӵĿ֮أӵصİյٵԱ͵صǧ˿Ƶϵ
ԽǿǣǵӰԽ󣬳͢һЩҪڵʩУûоǵͬ⣬Ǹܳɹġ
ƾٵʱŵͷ֣¿ƽʿУؼ֣ؼؼؼؼ¬رࡣ
Щǧң㹻Դӵ֮ͬˣ˳ͨƾ٣ӶӰ쳯á
һ棬ǼҲӵвǿߡ
ǧ겻ң϶ӵѪͨҵϣܹѪܺõĴȥÿһӿֳһλ
ټ絽ſͣ͢ҲøǼӡ
Ҳ˵ȺӵıҪ
ǵϵĲʱʱ͢Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
ŵͲˡ
ƾʲôСӼٷЩ˲ġ
ӵСɱˣһȴװû
ܼҿŵ̽ʵүǵˣ
ÿүԣҲûү
ŵûңǺǬǵˣ˵飬ڱٿء
ܼһ㶣ʹŭʲô
͵һӣ˵ȻҵĵӣҲǵճӣҵĵӶˣ˵ճ⣬˺ûʲôȥүܲܶ
ү߶꣬ȻûпʲôǺλΪ̫ӣƾʲôңү
ŵеľڡ
Ӻܼ˽
ŵ˵ү˵ˣҵӣүʲôʹȥɷϲƣֻҪɰ£ʲô飬г͢
ŸոմǿҪˣɷϲ仰ŵЩ졣
׿ʵ̸ȷʵô


¥
¥ĴߣԶһݵʿһƣ˵ҽʶʵһֵÿĵ飬ǹ˱
ｻ䣬Ӻλݺ˼֡
һ¶ǣ̲סеɻ˵ʵ棬ҪʶʶݺҵֶΣ֪ɷµԸ
ʿЦЦ˵Ȼ뿴ĳ׳ˡ
ߣʿ˿·Ժӵҿλ¸ñ֮ˡ
Ŀ˳ָķȥȻһŻ£Ÿñӣڽߡ
ʿȻﾭʱ򣬻߽¥
ӽŽɡ
ŵͥˣΪǻӵļҾ϶ԣ¥һˣҵԲô¥
ѵδ֪ɣ
ҵı찡
ʿ˵߽¥֮󣬻ضǲţȥ濴
ЦЦ˵
Ŀ⣬λӣֻ첽ڽţ·¥ʱŲȴȻһ٣ͻأĹ˽
ûȵӾȣͿʿ֣һա
·ȻһʹһصԼȺľ
ӴҴҵܵһ¥Ȼǻڵϣʹؿڣϵ
ԭôġ
ݺңȻ
ߵ¥ʿ˹֣˵ܣ¿ۡ
ʿǫ˵ӹˣĳвҲֻܲٿͨ˶ѣ飬ҪɱҲ¡
ٿ佱䣬һ˴Ҵҵܹ˵ӣˣӱץˣ


256 
ʲô
ԣʧɫ˲λݺˣʵ׷ʲô飬Ϊʲôᱻץߣ
־ɡ
ϴε飬Ѿúƽ
Ǹʱ򣬴Ҳû˵ʲô
ôȻץ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôӺúõڼµ˾ʹ˽ɷ˵Ľץˡ
жȻһ
ץŵСӡ
ͱץȥ
У᲻ʲôϵ
ôɺϰɣ
ͥһۣ˵Ȼؼִ˹
ͥҡҡͷ˵ˣҺһҵѾȥˡ
˸ϵʱ򣬾ȻѾˡ
ҲһĲ⣬ʵַʲôΪʲôץ
֮ǰѾˣΪǰ׮
ץˣô
ҵӣȻǵճӣҲĸ
ҲҪ̳мҵС̰棬Ǭཫ͵⻨硣
ڽνһ죬ǷʲôƾȨƣҲװƽ
ҵΧ֮ʱڽӣ˲ٻƽˡ
صһΣΪһڽǣͽһ˻
ڽ⵱Ȼʲô顣
ڳ͢ԿԴ
͢ӦҲǹңǼ飬һջƽϢˣ̲Ǵ£ѡһֻ۱һֻۡ
飬Ѿȥ꣬ΪʲôȻɰ᣿
ոջصˣȻҲ˺;ĶԻ
¶𾪵ı顣
Ϊµİӣỳɡ
ôôɣŸոǼ飬һգ¾ͽǰİ

һǱ
ǡ޷죬ô֪ģ
ƣѾ˺ӺԼӱ鲻ԡ
ͥɫһڣ˵ǵ׸ʲô飬˵
ͥһ£˺һۡ
ˣסˣһҪԾΪȣֻýʵ
꣬˶ȷŵ˵ʲôɱģȥ
ǬһĶӣε۸ǺʲҾҪģ
ʵģˣҪĽ𣿡
Ǭ˲й˵Ҳ֪ô֪ģ޷졭
챻Цˣʵ֪ڸ˭ưڣĵһˣȥΪ˭
Ǭûٶˣ˵Ӧô죿
˰֣˵ҸҸĵӱҴ硭
˸Բ˵үڲǳܵʱ򣬻ôҹӰɣҪȻǱߣý
Ǳߣ϶Ҫġ
Ǻһ֧ÿ궼ṩ޶ʽ֧֡
˵ץˣ˵УѾ㹻֤ݣֵʡҲռûܱ֣ǻ᲻ˡ
˼ãϸֳһ˿֮ɫ£Ҳûѡ
Ǭһۣת߳ò߻һöƽǬ˵ӣȥ½񻻻
ֲȨûа취ͨ
ܾģΨơ
ӣҲֻһ顣
Ǭӹӣһʱ¸ȥͥҲһͬǰ
֮ڣֻʣº;ʱ˶һۣӶԷУһ˿¡
˰ͲԶҪע⵽ӵãȻǡ
°ͣ˵Ȼӳ嶯Ӧòڻ飬һɣڱƲ
üͷһأ˭
ҡҡͷ˵ֻܵǻϸˡ
ʱͷӻƣϵĴߴų㡣
һȱУҲˡ
º󣬻û߽ãһľ죬Ȼһϵ˷ʥʮ꣬³ţڽ£κŹ֤ȷ䣬աɡն

ʱһӰ󲽵߽˹á
ڵһӰǬʱ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ǭո߽Ϳϯϵŵ
Ȼ
Ȼ֪ηֵģʣ֮£֮µı
أ
ƾŮӣҲƾ
һ֣˫ƽ
֮ϣ俴ǬʵӣôãΪ£
Ǭͦţ˵бƣ
һ̣ԼϷڹؼʱ̳֣һŤתƵӢۡ
ã˵½Ƴ
ǬɫȻС
һ¡
¡
¡
ʲôû
һ̣ɫһ䣬ȻͷãȻ𾪵ҽأ
ĻһƷ˰֮ڡ
˿̣пڴȴտҲ
аϸڹԭ˼£ûиܵӦеĳ׹С
˵Ʋϡ
ãٳٲóƣ˵ӣƣó»ɷˣû벻Ҫҹá
ȫ¶ûУǬһ˹ı飬˵ȵһȣҵĽƿǵ·ϻˣҡ
˵꣬ʹ˳ȥһ·Ѱ
ղž·ϣûС
֮ϣûС
Ӻ߹·ֻʹ¡
ºûУǾӦǵˡ
ãĻӦòܶ
ոͣ£ǬȲŸղ߹·ߣһ·Ѱֱղŵĵڡ
ո豭ôͻˣվô죬񻻻𣿡
Ǭźҡҡͷ
һ㶣ŭʲôҲƣ컹ˣ޷˲ɣ
Ǭҡҡͷ˵ǡ
ٴһ㶣ʵʲô
Ǭ˵ƣƶˡ


257 ӱ丸

ĿֱĿǬ
ԼСӡ
Сĳ²㣬ࡣ
һңı˵ʹһСξ룬ΨһһƣŪˡ
ֶҲܶ
ôԼŪ
£ҲûãҪǰһ
Ǭ˵пܵ
ټеˣѯʽƵ䣬ȴûһ˳ϼ˽ơ
˶еĵطޱϸѰҲȻһ
ˣǾϸɸѡģҳ϶ȸûɡ
öƣܵ
֮ڣǬһãȻ૵ⲻܰϣǴˣѵǵڴˣҹˣҲûС
ĵ̣ڴµĻƣ¾޿һˡ
̲סеŭָǬĶͷŭҲŪ˵˵ܸʲô
ȰүϢŭҪģǽҹӣ취ɡ
룬˵ȥʡûʲô취ʵڲеĻȥ򸸻һơ
鷳ĵڣһͨǡڴµְȨΧ֮ڣײϣû취²֡
»лתأҲֻλˡ
ҲԺҪڳ͢ҲҪų͢ҲǲԸҽġ
ʡӦһѡ
ǸʣҲÿǵҵĸܡ
Ƭ̺
ʡ
λӭһ÷֮ɹ֪ݰ٣кηԸ
żɽ˵⡣
λԣǴԭء
ץ˽ҵСӣնϣʡܹگҹһ桭
ɷ˵鲻̫ʡ
ӴʡҲһɡ
ңǴǧĺţܲǲҪ
ǣݣڼΪ£ʧɱˣλگʷ̨׸̲ϲ鲻
캺ݣŹȻʡگһ档
һ㶼ûаﰡ
گ£ץʡĹԱ㡣
˶ܺԩ֡
˶ΪٶϺ꣬ܿ뵽һЩ顣
ӣʱ¿û
ôȻѣ
Ժġ
Ҫ˵ɱһλӪĹԱԼţ˵ùȥ
ɱ񣬶ʹûʲôô
飬ֵӣ̫ܻ
һֺɵĿ⿴źǼӣǺڱ󵷹ɣ
Ȼûʲô֤ݣ׮ȷ͸һЩѰ
ӵ˷
һǺӵСӡ
һӵСӡ
ǰֻһ죬Ҫ˵֮ûʲôϵûм˻š
˼ң˼Ҫʡ͸ûɲˡ

ʱ߳ʡ
⣬ʡܾҪ
Ҳû飬ֵҪ󣬻أӵľٶȻŭʡҲʻˮ
뿪ʡûлǾֱ߽ʹ
һĹǰվãһӰĴӹ߳ݸһƴСĽУһּϸ̶˵£˵ˣЩŰѿ˵طͲ͢ǵԵó͢ǣ飬ֻһΣ²Ϊ
ֽӹУ񸸻ʽ̻塣
ǻ¹˦˦еķת߽
򿪽п˿ʱڷġ
ڻУ˵ȥ¡
һΣȥ
УУѾ
Ȼ˵ôãһȥأµȻһֱ
һλ¹ԱĴ£ֱá
еľڣһʵ£ôпˣ
ƽ˵ˣͲȦˣǽҵĵӣ͢ɱһͽҽ񣬱ϣΪֿǣ񣬱㱣֤̻ؽҲ̤㳤
һɫ˵ԣµְ𣬾ά͢ɷϣӵܷҲҪɷƲãģҵ£ҵģĪǣ͢Ҳɣ
û˵
Ǳ˵ƿԡ
ֻ벻ͨôôҪ
ɱ˵ʱôɷ
ţҪܲƣȻá
βҼȲҪöƣû취ʡˡ
ʵǲôҪ˶˵ӻȡǸУ˵úúãƣܸ÷˰ɣ
˵ͷ˵ƣȻԽߡ
򿪽УҪ˵Щʲôȴ·ʲôסʲôҲ˵
֮УտҲ
Ʋˣ
УһֱЯںӻڣȴˣ
һɺϡ
ڶôɺϣ
Ȼʵǲڵ
ɻĿʵ˵ʲôʲôһֻպӣĪǲ٣
ûдϿκ쳣
˿ԺһƬհס
벻ͨƵôġ
ʾ֭Ҳ벻ܸսƴӺ͵ߵķ
ץ
Ƭ̺뿪£ججĻص
ǬԶԶӭʵôˣȻûУ
ҡҡͷ
ǬüͷһʡԸæ
˵ͷ
Ǭ׷ʵ游𣿡
ˡ
Ǭ˿Ȼȥ°ɡ
ˡ
Ƭ̺Ǭźһʧ˵ô£ôҪĶҲŪ


258 ·
֮ڡ
վڽ䣬ƨĽӡ
һȻ˵Ӷһƣ⣬үڶ飬⣬Ȼ˽͵ˡ
ŵǽһֱڽ֮УϢģ
˵޷֮Уȷʵһ㣬˵Ѿ˴˵ң˵еңݺңҪҲѣֻҪǵĲٿطΧǾͿԿ˵˼ΪǸȡõʶȡƣ֮⣬ºҲǲǵõġ
ӻݺҵҲ亹ֱð
·ˣĪ߽¥ܸ߬ڵࡣ
һ뵽ʱĳ棬ԼؿƺҲеۡ
ʱ˿˵⼸ݺ֮伣һԭս֮󣬸Ҫǣһԭ򣬾ǵ̫а죬һ֣رݡ
ƺʲôԼĶӣʵλݺңʶģ
ͥһ˵ңڽġ
ʵڽİˣô̵ʱڣܶΣȥæ
ͥ΢΢һ㶣ɫ԰ףѵ˵һֱڲٿԼ˼룿
̾˿˵ݺΪʲôϲǲܹвٿر˼룬óıԺͲ֣ݺңһգڣˣˡ
Ȼŭ˭Ʊ

ʱӺͥʵʵվǰ
źӣʵô뵽Ҫŵֵģ
Ǭû˸ղŵ棬ͷ˵ϴŵг˴һӣΪ˸ɱԼˣΣŵ¥˵ž͹ţʲ
ʵȻ뱨
Ǭ룬˵ҲǣǸʱһûŶ֣Ǵξ֮󡭡
ʵĴξ磬֮ϣʲô
Ǭ֮ӣھ۸˵þƺԴ֮ԽԽȻ͡
̾˿˵ͥˡ
ʱһӰ첽߽˵үˣλľס֮Ѿȥլա
ŵʲô
ϣȴûʲôı飬˵ȥһĶӣǺĻӣûʲôϵ
ƺģ֮⣬ҲֻЩˡ
Ҳڱ˵֮УȻġ
ʣµģֻкļλֵܡ
úҶԺǵȻ
Ӧ뿪һʱŻ˵شˣ鵽ˣϣһЩϵϵ
¶Ȼ˵񣡡
ܿƶһһΣ˴ɱɣݺݵıʧأϱˮǴĺ̡
촽˶ȴû˵ʲô
ãôɵĲ鵽ƺЩס
Щɣȷ
ʵƣǵߣҹô죿
˿ɫ˵ˣڴµηһҹɣҲԣǽҰĵطȵ죬ȥ˸ϣһƣ˶໨ӡ
ƣɲֹС
Ļʵۣһơ
еĻӶʹãЩƣһĴȥ
ЩӾĸϣҲƴڡ
Ҳ˵ͷ
УЩǡ
Һ֮䣬ŲСĳԹ
֮ǰı䷨׶Ҵ棬һ׮ı󰸣ڱƲ
ҵɲһ¡
У˴¼ڱ
˿̣
ҹ
УȻظ衣
һ֮ϣҸһλˣ·輧кĵӡ
֪ΪʲôȻˡ
ɣԽԽá
ҲǹҧܾˣϲּһĸԽһµף
磡
ĪĴ˸磬ӣ˵ˣ¡
磡
֮ڣҲһ硣
ҹηʪ䣬ֻһ£ɪɪ
СʳԹݿࣿ
ģǬô
˵
ȻΣȴһǡ
Լ
ڽģûʮҲа˸ȴһζû
Щ꣬ʲô飬ҲΪƽ
û顣
֪ﴵ磬ˣߵηſڣģ̫ˣҶͼ·
ƺĺεĴŴ򿪣Ӱߵηǰš
㶨ˣ
΢΢һ㶣󲽵߳η
ãطҹѾãϣļλ輧ˡ
ſڵһϣڷһʢʳ
ǣ֪ץ˲ץˣ¾磬Ǹ
ʳмһˡ
ʵûԶٶأ˺ֻȣڵĿ˼£ץһƺ˹˵Ĺ˼ڡ
˵Ҳ֣ɽ亣ζϰˣһͨķˣҲһζ
Ǭһ
֮ŷ¿ӣĶӡ
һ¹ԱʵӣԱ𣿡
˸ã˵˱ˣ˵ǣҪžţǵСүʱ䡭
Ǵ¹ԱЦЦ˵Ա˾ͺãԱ˾·ɡ
΢΢һ㶣ʵʲô·
Ǵ¹ԱڣȪ·


259 ͻƣڹ

ҹ
ŵ鷿֮Уаöơ
һöǸ׸ġ
һöǺӸġ
ԸʱһȺ򣬶óƣοǺ
ȻϣΪ˾Ƚҵˣϧơ
еƶһģһҲûʲôţ͢ƲˣԼܲöʧˣҲԹűˡ
ֻǣôѡ
ŵöպã׼طϢʱȻ΢΢һ
ڣһ΢ֱʱ˻ȥ
ŵͷԼ˫֣¶ɫ
ָоǵһξȻ֪ζʲô
ҵ
ʱ꣬Ϊٴͻơ
ʵϣѾͣƿˣֻһ
ŵĿ⣬򷨵䡣
Ļûʲô䶯ֻǽձ̵񣬻ࡣ
˵ˡ
ͻƵ
̵ʱŵ졣
ı
ƺڷ俴ݣҪֻµУΣ
ŵЩϡ
û뵽Ȼôס
ɱʱ򣬿ǷѾ£òԼ֡
ȥ´
ŵϢ洫ߵԺ⣬һӰڵ
ͣ½Ųʵôˣ˯
ŵ˯ˡ
˶٣ʵ񡭡
û˵꣬񰡣ˣöȽţһգҪ׼һյķˣΪ˽ʡöȣͽҹնˡ
ŵ㶣ûˣһط˯ˣҲϢ
طִ̲̣Ҫˡ
ԼǴ䣬ԼԼʲôʱնʲôʱնһкϷϹ档
Ϊͻƣˡ
һŵӣ˯ø
峿

ҲԵһҪţȥλȨһ
ֻҪڣԸһĲ鲢ѡ
һΣȥʱ߬ƣûΧǰеСκοɳ֮
ûĹܼҾͿ첽ܹ˵ү°ͻˣ
Ųһ٣ϸֳȻ֮ɫ
Ȼˣ
ѵһҹףң
ܼңʵģ
Ƭ̺󣬺ߵһűײŵĲϯԣҿײײ֮׷ʬ壬˻Σŵĺ˼ܼҲŲվȡ
ͻˣͻˡ
ҵˣĸɱ
ͷֻԺгһ˲ԳЦЦ
ңңң߹٣Ȩʲôɱģһʲô
ܵܣ
һŻŮֻܹǿǰײͲϯͷһĲҽУֱ˹ȥ
Ǭ̽סԸȥϢŮҽ
ǰҿײ˿Ȼһƨ˵ϡ
ôˡ
ҵĵӣݣ⼸꣬ÿ춼ˣôˡ
׷룬Ŀ
벻ͨǻʳӣǺӣѾ˼ȥһӣȴһͨŮӶκβˡ
˱ʱȴֻĿţݲСӱһʬ塣
ƽʵ𣿡
Ǭָʬ壬ʵ𣿡
ʵһѵ
ˣȻϢˣǬ̲סʵ׸ǻӣǻӣ
ûлشֻ˵ڿʼڣ㲻̤һ¥飬ԺҲٲˡ
Ǭû˵һ䣬ֻʧӵô統Ķӡ

ڰ˵ʲôֵ顣
̫ˣ֪ܶ顣
ڳȨ͹Աһ
ȻȨӵܣҲûڹԱ֮ңȴҲǵ֮Ȼôˣں̵ܶʱ֮ڣ˸𶯡
ҵӣĵܵܣĸݣλ֮󣬶Ҫؼ֮
֮ˣѾһЩߡ
زɰʵ̫ͻȻ
ⲻķ
ǽǰһյİӣܽ͵ͨˡ
һȻ͢װףɵ㻹̫ࡣ
ӣǺڲٿأһо˳¡
رԸôúù
ץҹ˵Ļᶼ
ǼĻӦ
մº˾ţǼĻӣҪļ˶֣Ҳõܾܲܵı
²ؼڴ£󲿷ˣſֵ̬
ӶԣȻϲּ
ǰͲúԽԽãܾܶˣǸΪ
󣬺ȴʲôӦûУĳЩЩʧ
ͺʧ
ʣ֮УȨƵһн֧֣ף߶һƤ
ʧʧ黹ͦġ
һΣ˿˴ɱһҵĺڹʧСοźùЩµܽ԰԰
һ֮뿪ܽ԰ʱһӰſڵһ˳
Ųһ٣ȭ֡
Цʵܺ°
û֮⣬˵飬Ѿ˵ˣֽڰ
֪ڱ󵷹£䰲οԵøķ̣ȭͷգ˵ʵǺֶΣҳϣǰС㣬Ժ󲻻ˡ
¶ɻʵʲôֶΣôˣ
ı飬һЦ˵ʵֶܲθݼҲ˵ľտʣһġ
˵䣬ת˽ӡ
ĽԶ룬վԭأɻʲôֶΣʲôݼ˵ôһ䶼


260 κ
ΪֳҺͺĳͻУѾķз
ڣһƬѹ֡
ʬףѾ׼
ЩӵܣܽһҶ
ĹײģĬȻ
ʱúõġ
ȥʱȴֻܱװڹײ
֪ôҽ
Ǭ߽ʵô˵
ǬһҪңô˵С
̾˿Ȼ˼꣬ģһֱҡ
һҪһصǰֱ˴ûнٵʱ򣬿ǲˡ
ġ
Ǭ˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ǭҧһ蹷
˿˵Ƿ蹷Ҳ游ķ蹷λλĺ³֮ǰǶΪá
Ǭ¶֮ɫʵ游ΪʲôλѾʮˣȾʮ֮ǰλģλҲ̫ӣȥ׷翵ĳ֮ĪǣҪĻʵ۲ɣ
ɫһȻĹˣˣŵʶ⻰Ҳ˵ģ
ȻԼҲôģִ治ĻҲֻ롣
⴫һȡ
ɫһ䣬߽ʱŻ˵ȥɣҺִҪ̸
ǬԾ΢΢ͷʾ⣬Ȼת뿪
Ǭ뿪֮󣬺ϣ̾˿ʵ֮˵ҪĻʵ𣿡
԰
˰֣˵˵ˣΪ֮£
ҡҡͷ˵˵ĹעһĻᣬһЩҲûˮ㡭
˼ǣ
ͣôãʱʼˡ


µĻ㱨˺һȻվ˵ǣвɣˣ
ھܵһЩԱ׸ˡ
ڣѾµԱ顣
˭֪Ǻˣ鱳󣬶Ȼк⡣
һûûɱģҪ鷳ȥ鷳˸ʲô
ܽ԰ſڣ˵һܾﲻԡ
˵һ£׷ʲô飡
պ
֮˵Ļ㱨ɴ۾ʵʲô
һ˵ͷ˵ص£ЩԣͺĳͻģһУӵķ֮ģ˺ìܣǣһҶԺȻԺһϵһشĴ
ЩݵĿ˵һʯ񣬵ı֮ߣ
Ǹݰüƣֻ㰵ɱһףһΣòϣǬƯ
һãȻ𾪣ŭƨһʯ˭ҥ
΢΢һ㶣ٴóݵĿ⿴
ģֺαչ˼ҵı
ǳɳˣüƣݼࡣ
Ϊţһαװĺۼ
ɫ˵ԣ˭ʣ¶Ҫı֡
վԭãֱڣףܽ԰ſڣ˵Ļʲô˼
Ϊ飬Լڱݣ
ģǱˣҲˡ
İ
˿Ѿ׷ʲô
˰˺ֹ֮ųϢ˵ԼڱٿأںڹԼϡ
˶ʮ꣬ǵһθܵĿൽ̶ֳȡ
һʯ
Ѿһʯˣһֻ񣬾Լ
ֹһΣϴδɱ飬ҲĪΪ˱˺ڹ
̫ڰˣαŪڹ֮䣬˱˺ڹȻúûаȫУ˼輧ʦˡ
һӰ߽˵£кηԸ
˵ȥһЩ飬йıԵԽԽá


ŵҲܼҿе֪Ĵԡ
д˵κҵĳͻĻٿء
ϢȻ񣬵ֱ£ͲӦñ
ĴжףŵǺġ
ǻͰʲôĹϵҲᡣ
ֱڣǻΪŮˣμã뷿С
ŵˣԼڽ̼Ůķˡ
Ƿ֮أʵĴԺܶ࣬Ҫѧ٣ͻб˵ļơ
Թ緹֮ŵͰһš
̲ſڷֿȥ̲ŵǰ¡
ԼУŵͻƵ֮󣬰ҲЩĽȸС
ڵľ֮ǰΪһǧٲŬܲþͱŵ
ֹһӣںſͣ¡
ӭŵģһλة
һˣƷˣƷةˣƷ滹ؼ¼ؼƹ̵١
һλةһųߡ
·ΡΡģŵʱˤ
ŵ߽£ޱȵİŷĹԱһˡ
²ǳ͢Ժûдڸеһ
λةе֪ǳ겻µģλ䣬һżΡ
ƽµ񣬶λة
ةŵ÷ǸΪةһЩҪ
һµְ֮һάǡ
ҴؼؼؼؼؼؼȣҪؼ̫£»һ졣
Щ֮УвأǽڣǺµҪְ
㳯ԱϳǷٵˣǷ࣬վλǷȷ֮ϣû˯ͷӶΪ
Щʵǵһס
µĵڶְǽӴҲǺ¶һ޶Ĳ¡
ʹ¸ӭͽӴ֮ȣ֮Ϊ䰲סУʹڳһӦ⡣
⣬»һְ𣬼е
߼Աڳֱؼؼة͢ǰ죬ṩɥ֮ߣƣΪٰ
ŵ˵Щ֮ةŵ١
䲻ڣһλة٣µһӦˣŵ
ŵĳԼܾˡ
ةŵ÷֮УЩ¡
ò˵±Ҫжˡ
һ²Σֻ³Уĩ죬¿
ʹһҲûʲô飬Щʹ˵żĹƽҲ̫ԸʹĹԱ򽻵
ɥ֮񣬳͢涨ʸú²ٰɥĹԱƷҪƷ֮ϣҲǵôƷҲ˵дƷϵĹԱȥ¿
ʵеģŵǬȡֽʣ˻
Ϊ鵢ˣӦĻûʼأ˻֮⣬Ҫÿһʫ


261 鰸޵
¡
ŵ÷ֳ°ͣĿֱǰ
һϵĺõط
УЩ͵ĹԱǣСӣԺɹһ̫
飬ŵܹܵģȴûѡȥܡ
Щһ͵˼ңٰˣΪ͢һҲûҪ̡̫
˵±Ҳûʲô顣
ˣŵֻ顣
ʹУһݶ©꣬ϱ£ŵһ⹫ȥޡ
κʹϣķܻһ˵ÿ춼Щˣͳˡ
ԴˣŵҲ֪ͨķʳõĳӣ˵ʱ΢һ仨
ʹĺҪǺҪְ
ŵ֮ةǬ˳٣аͿԹˣ˺ÿ¿쵽ٺ»֮ǰࡣ
ɡְɡ涨ĹԱʮ֮󣬿Լѡ
ԱʡҪĲŵʵȨֻҪһ㶼ѡɣںֵطݣ꣬ѻˡ
ҲţŵǬõʱ
ڻ徳Ҫ̼ͨС
ȵϢ֮󣬾ڹķˡ
µһЩԱǣ÷ſڣةˣɵĿʼ׷Ȼ̲סпһð
ûע⵽һСĵĴӺº뿪

Ǭ£ڣ뿪
ϣ˵֮΢Щ
ȻˣҲһջûС
ŵ޷ҵģȴõʱԭ򣬲Զ
Ҷ˽ģԺҲ޲˷ˡ
뵽Ȼ˰ƣлƽͥʵǸץûУ
һԷȻǰö֮ĳ֣ƭȡΣͺ޵
ͥҡҡͷ˵Ѿ˺ܶȥңӦòٳˡ
ӣʵ¶ܳȥ
Ǭ¶һԹı飬Ǻǣҳȥô죬ҶԸԸҿеǰ취¾°ɣڵңҲûȥ
ʱͥ̾Ϣ߳
һ֮ܵڣ˵εҲѳɹֻʣˡ
ʵֶǬ𣿡
İɣǰǼһ˷ʲôġ

¡
ŵոմһƷڣ׼һûؼʱһҴҵ߽˵ˣµĲˡ
˵ʵȻŵϲں°ڵϣ£ֻݶҲãôġ
ʪë˲ʵʲô£
»µةȥˣչأ˵ȥ⸮䡣
Ȼ˲£ȴʲôò¡
³˷ɥ¡
ƷƷԱɥڳةҪǰ䡣
ƷԱɥҲҪͬȥ
ƷϣҲҪǰ
»Ƽؼؼ֮£»ةŵٽһƷĹְһ˴ǰȥˡ
Ϊŵ֮Ȼؼϴ˸裬һɫĹٷȻŻص£һˣƺƵǰ»ةϡ
ΪĲ£¼λԱĹٷԱһ
»ةһξʱʮʦųУʼ裬ҲǺµزٵ̡
ƷɥʮˣƷɥΪʮˡ
ЩǿƾƵĿ㣬ŵҲû뵽ʱģһϡ
»ةſڣӭӺµˡ
ŵãһλܼģߣߵһλһصĸԣ˵ˣµĴˡ
㲣ߵŵߣһ˵δ˼ˣлǰͱ򡣡
ŵ˫˵񡣡
ǰ㣬Ǹ˵Ӣţ͢ʹʧһλҲбʹȻܸȰˣҪǡ
̾Ϣһ˵ãҲǽˡ
ںµʱŵ˽λ»ةƽҲǵǰ˽ġ
λ˵壬ĳּ⼸£һֱԲڼңĲš
ˣĲǺ£̲ߴ¡
ŵ˵һЩοĻ׼ˡ
µһЩɥ¡
ʱӰ߽á
ŮӣҲһأͬδ˴硣
ղǸ˿ǣǰ˵λǺµĴˣүģ񡣡
ˡ
ŮӶһŵĿ⣬ֱĶǡ
λŮӱŵɫЩȻǸҲʲôȻоλ̫񣬵ȴ˵ʲô
үţʧȥ˶ôҵЩ͢Ĵˡ
ŵҲʶԼʧ񣬺ܿջߣʵλǣ
үλҡǸ˽һ䣬Ȼһۣ˵ǻʲôʲôȥкˡ
˶ŵٴʩһȻҴȥ
ŵܵǶԼĽ䱸ҲûжΪة͢ѾˣµĹǵġ
ĿŵȥǸ˲˿
үŸߣλҪǿǣǺá
뿪»ة֮ŵûлغ£̲
Ϥ÷УĿеľڣһߵϣȻ֡
ȷŵǹȻֶ֪ûмˣ΢΢һ֮̾ϲվ˵ү
̧ͷŵʱҲվϲʵôˣ
ʵǰģ˶̲Ǿܰ϶һ
ֻϧһ̲һں£̲Ȼ־ϲ
ȻʹһɫȻĬĬ˳ȥҽ÷Źϡ
ŵû˵⣬˵Ļ촽Ҳ
Ȼ칫ҼǴ̼ŵģֻһȻ˵мӣȥһ顭
ŵԭΪֻһеĵ䡣
ڹ»ةλС檳ʱ֮ϣȴ˵Ļ
˵Ρ
ŵŶ࿴Ǽۣ˼ҷ˸ˡ
ڵݣ鰸ְȨΧ
ǰ֣Ҳʲˡ
һ鰸һУ˵ʱ˫˫ҵ


262 ŵķ
»ة
»£̫£񲿣µڶԱǣſڣŶӵ䡣
ĲȻڲͬţڳٰ͢쳯ᣬԼؼʱ⼸Ҫ໥ϣĹԱǴʶŹ»ةȥϢ׷ż졣
»ةڹ㣬ʥʮʿʮʱ䣬ӾƷĩƷλãٶȲνǰ;ޡ
ٶʮ꣬пƷλˡ
ֻϧӢţʮ򲡶ȥʵ˶̾Ϣ
ɩˣڰ
ˣ¹һ̡
ۣᣬô͡
ɩԺʲôѣ»£ǴӦˣչ˺һҵġ

⸮ȻһƬУǰݹ»ةĹԱܶ࣬УҲ⸮˴һЩο
⸮ĹܼңոһˣмӰ߽⸮
ǰģһλòŮӣ͸żֹ⼸ˣŲƷźΧĻ롣
⸮ĸܿ߳һʵλ𣿡
˵̲ˣ˲ŵϢ̲ѹι˼֮⣬һЩ飬Ҫһʷˡ
̲
΢΢һ㶣ʵҪʲô
ƵһЦ˵˲õģֻѯʣǴƷĳ͢٣͢϶ҪЩȲȼݹ˵
߽ãһǸˣʵˣɷһ˵
˵˵ͷ˵
żȥߵλŮӣ̲סһۣĿһ˿غĵǡ
˿̣⸮һ֮ڣѯ˸˼⡣
˵һֱ𣿡
ǰЩ꣬ү廹ͦģԴǰʼһղһˣ⼸£ǲ²
ʲô
֮ǰҽҽ˵ǲ͹ȣ壬ҲһЩҩûʲôЧ
͹ȣ֪»µĹӦ㲻öôæ
£Щݣ˵ǰүС檣ҹͣգǰĶ죬һ纮һ£֮Ȼȴÿˡ
ʵС檣֮ǰʲôأ
˵һ¥ˣԭһԽãүΪң꣬Ҳľķүߡ
ϣ¶ζı顣
֮ǰ廹㲻֮ʱһ꣬һղһա
Ȼʱһغ˵ĻɣԼ๫
ˣʵ꣬򣿡
˵˵ͷ˵ҽ˿ҽһӣһֱڳԡ
𣿡
ЩãþԽԽСˡ
Ǹҿ

ŵӺ»صУѾԺˡ
ŵʵôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵λǰһ֮ÿ£ҽķӣҲ˿ˣûʲô⣬ǲķӡ
ŵ룬ʵǸҩأ㻹ǵ𣿡
ȡһֽ˵ҳˡ
ŵӹֽĿȥ
ȴһϵȵĲ֮ƷԱǿҽѿģҩǲҶûʲôãӦòԽԽǡ
ȻﷸưĹУŵȴʲôİ
ҪƵ˰ҵʵԵ֤ݡ
ŵ룬˵ˣһȥɡ

ҹ
׸á
ʳָû棬ʵ˵ŵ뿪֮ȥ̲Ȼȥң
һӵ˵ͷ˵ǵģһЩ⣬ǹڹǰģǺʼڹˡ
üģЩķ˵ô
ĵ黹Ƿˡ
һ֪顣
ϵʱ䣬ȥʵʩƻ
ƻ޷죬
ƫƫ©˺µĹԱҪǰȥ䡣
˭ȥµģ
ôģ
£ЩҪģȻѾ©Ҫڶƻ
ӲΪȻˣصģһΣǬǬʲô鲻ġ
˵ʲô鲻
ŵȻѾʲô
˳Ĳ鵽ʲô˰
һʲô鲻ͻĲȥĻ˭֤ˣ鵽ʲô
ӣ˵ǣҼƻ
ɫһ䣬Ϊʲô
Ҽƻ˼ǣǹⱩ¶
ı͢٣ֻ·һ
ѾˣѺөѵҲס
һһ˵ǻŵΨһãɼƻһССп̽䡭
ĬĬĵͷ˵

ڶһ磬ŵͰһǰ»ة
˻û߽⸮ͿŮӣѺŴ⸮˳
ŵһ㶣ǰʵôˣ
⸮Ĺܼ˵檣үŸߣǾ;˼ĲܣѲҹĻץ˸ţ˻ǵķ﷭һЩҩģÿθүҩʱ򣬶Ҫ͵͵һЩҩģ˵ˣȱ⼸ζҩҩͱ˶ҩѹүԽԽǺģүôãǾȻıүߣҼȥ
ŵͰһۣ⸮ǲýȥˡ
ˣȴǶԷͶûʲôϵ
Щûڣ˵ѽҵֱȥǵķͺˣ
ŵΪΪĴ˿̼Ⱥڡ
漰ƷٵİɲͨӲΪء
ŵЦЦ˵̲ɣ㾭֣زʧ
Ҵҵĺǻ̲ˣŵص£Լ÷֮ڸֳһ˿ɫ
ŷϵɫ
ŮӵûʲôϵǵĻΪʲôڷ֮ϣ
Ůӣʲô÷Ͽɣ
ЩǮȨ檣ԲյҪô
ЩŶյŮӣΣա
֣ԱС֣֮»ةڹ㣬ҲС֮֡
ȵȡڹ֣ǰ
һ䣬ŵܿһЩ顣
Ľʿ¼
ҵʥʮĽʿŵֱӷ
ĺʥʮʿƾھʮ
ڹ㣬ʥʮʿƾھʮߡ
֣ˣʥʮʿƾھʮˡ
ĺڹ㣬֣ˡʥʮ꣬λĩλʿѾȫ
ŵµûĻ»ةڹ㣬ǰڶ


263 

˿ڲ裬ŵʵ㿴һĽʿ¼ʲô
ŵǱӣ˵»ةȥˣҪΪдһƪڳģ˿ɲ԰ةľڸң
ûж룬Ըһȥ빿ڹľڡ
ҪĹԱľڣҪһݹĵġ
Ĺϵһͱʡˡ
һӺŵеľڣһ֮ϵı鲢⡣
ڹƾٸ֮󣬵εĵһݹְǶžֵʳ
žƶؼʳ֮£ʳְ̫ǰ׳̫÷ʳһΪ˷ֹ¶Ʒ֮ζɸѡ̹ζѵķˡ
ʮĺһУֻΪ˸̫Զˣܲҡ
ʵһ
ܽ붫ĹԱպ̫ӵϵһ̫ӵǻҲ¡
ϧ̫Ӳɢ֮󣬶ܶԱڹٳ϶ܲ⡣
ڹǸ⡣
뿪ֱ֮ӵι»£һһӡ̫
̫ǹ»µţרƹ糯ʳ֮ǰĹְ޷Խӣڽļι»»ةνƽơ
ûвĻǼпܳΪһι»ġ
һƾ٣붫λԱˡ
ĺ̰׿Դ
֣С͵飬ڹҲλС֮֡
λС檣һˡ
ڷֱŵɻɣǲʲô顣
ڻˣ뿪ص¡
ΪڹдһƪڳģµС͵ңŵһãؼҳԷ
緹Եһ룬Ŵ̲
ŵʵӲ𣿡
˵ͷ˵ȫˣ»ةС檣ʱǿȢģ϶ӭʵģÿΪҩʱ򣬶͵һЩҩģʹԭĲҩԶҩʱҩǹ»ة򡭡
ŵûٶʡ
ǸҩˣȻûۼٵǼζҩҲܲ³ļζ
ҩȥζҩ֮󣬵ȷԶҩ
Զҩǲᱻģǻٱ˥ߣһ־òŵļ
̾˵Ҳǿˣ»ةǵĸĸǿȢǣ֪ı͢·һ̲εʱ嵶˫˫Ծˡ
Ծ
ŵ¿ӣ˼
֣˵С檣ҲԾ
ǵʲôأ
ŮҹǱӣҲɵء
Ȼָ֣ŵʵû֤ݡ
͵صҩģȫ԰дΪʲôҪڷ
ң»ةǾҪܣҲδ̫ļһЩ
ƺǹȲĳɱ˹»ةһ
ⷴŵˡ
٣ȫĪɵأŵɣĶ׷ʲô顣
ŵãбҪһ̫ӲǰԱϸ
ԤУһ׮󰸡
ܲ壬˵Ϊӭһǡ
漰㣬пǣѹʵ̫ӣҪ飬ҲܹĲ顣
ԹŵΪӺͰױ
ûе֣ԱС檻£ױļҲԶͨŮӡ
»ةλС檣Ҳױ֡
ĻױַƣͬһʦŽ̳ġ
Ů֮䣬ȻҲĳϵ
ŵ˼⣬Ȼоһߣʱɨӡ
ˣֿ˿˵ӺͰŵߵߣ˵ϰŮױ죬ɲԽã

񲿡
빿⡣
ƹںȲ裬һӰ߽˵ƹ̣ʲôȥˣôǰһʱ
Ժӵƹһ£˵Һд˸ˣ»ةȥϵˡ
ƹ΢΢һ㶣ʵ㻹ʶ»ة
»ةȻʲô٣ھƷССƹ˵ҲǺѽӴĴˡ
ԺƳһۣ˵ƹʲôٵĴˣĪ˵»ة
˵һ룬ȴûм˵ȥǵʵҺλҲ죬ֻǾӢ̫ϧˣƷĹְôȥˣһӶƷ
ƹҲЩп˵԰Ҫ˵ҪȨ󣬹ְ߲ߣûһ壬ٴĹҲûá
ԺӶԴȴвͬĿ˵̶ʮأܳͷأǺûʲôҪܵϴ٣ٻʮҲԸ⡭
ƹҡҡͷ˵һǾ仰ԽͷأԽͷأƹ̵λϰˣҾˡ
Ժûٷˡ
˸־ƹԸ⿴һӵİ빿⣬һӰɣҪԼΪԼһǰ̡
ڴ֮ǰҪһΡ
֮ûлؼң׸
Ƭ̺һ÷֮ڣصľԺ߽üͷչһЩʵԺӰұк£
Ժӵشˣŵȥڹ
˵ͷ˵֪ҪΪ»ةдʣȡ֣㻹𣿡
ԺԥƬ̣˵ˣֹһ꣬˵ĸٵ顭
վ˵㿴㣬ּ˵ˣڻʱһ֮ڣٻ㵽׸ģʱ֮ڣ
Ժ¶֮ɫлˣ
߳׸ʱϵļ֮ɫȥޱĻͷһۡ
һ꣬һ֮һ꣬һ֮һꡭ
ھƷƹ̵λϣѾꡣ
м꣬ȣҲܵˡ
Լǰ̣ҪԼա
ڹǰ¾Ԥ⵽ˡ
û뵽Ԥ⣬Ȼġ
ĺ֣ˣڹ㣬ޣ⣬ЩĶˣһһȥ
У϶һܡ
̫ӵΡ
ʱ̫ղ¸ղ£ڵľһ֪ʲô顣
Ǻˣ飬Ҳзݡ
һ⽫ߺĶ֣û⵹ȻǴһ
ʱ򣬻õǰ
һ뵽ǰЩӣͺݱ֪£϶Ź
е
ңᱻܿͽų⡣
֮⣬ϣ̨ģ¾ˡ
̫󣬺ǻʳӣ̨Ļӡ
¸֪պλǴ֮ɻڴָտɴ
뵽оֹסļ
ҹ

ʱٽϢȻ
˻֣˵ôˣʲô飬˵ɡ
˵ǵ£˵һҪߵ£¹һı󰸣ܲ壬Ǵһ
üһƬ̺˵ȥ鷿ҡ


264 

Ժӹվһ֮ڣʱʱҿĵļȻЩѹֲס
ܷɻڴڽ񳯡
ʱӰ߽
ԺתҶ࿴һۣ̹ڵأƹԺӣݼ£
ϣ˵ɡ
Ժ֮ٴʵôʲôҪ߱
Ժûпڣǿӣ˵̫ش¹ֻܸһˡ
˵ȥɡ
ȵ뿪ûбˣ˵ɡ
ԺɫȻ˵£¹ٷ֣̫ӵ飬̫ӲǲʣпǱ˺ģ
ʲô
ԣȻվ
ĿԺӣʵ˵ʲô̫Ǳ˺ôֵģ
Ϣ˵ĴʧɫԺӵУССĵ⣬;ŵ޷죬ȴûĻۡ
ֱͦţɤ˵黹Ҫ¹ٱŽ˵𣬵ʱִˣ¹һλԱľڣ˵ģ¹ٵһʱ֪ͨ
£ʵλԱ
Ժ˵ĺ¹ٲûж룬֣λ˴ˣǶ٣¹һЩ飬൱ĶԱڽ꣬Ϊˡ
˿ѾָƽʵĵĹԱǺܳԴְ֮ĹԱһһƾЩͶ϶̫Ǳ˺ģδ̫һЩɣ
Ժӽ͵ЩԱֻйĺУ˵죬ƶѰ⣬ִ˵ǵľʱֳ˺ܴʧ̬¹ɻɣ̫֮飬ͺаҪĽɫ
ӻͳһŷ⣬ĵݸ˵ǵ궫ĹԱ¼ԼЩĹԱǵԭ¿һ֪ˡ
ӹŷ⣬򿪡
ԺӼ˵ӱϿǵûκɵ㣬ûɵ㣬ɵ㣬ͺҪ˻ɣһһ¼ǵ֮ڣΪɱ˵ĵ»ة¹ڼǰԤ⣬û뵽ˣ¹ٲƶ궫֮£Ȼʲô顭
ݣٴվ˵Щģô֮£п飬Īǣ̫Ǻ;ģ
Ժ˵пܣľ̫ղ¸ղ£Ĵ󲿷ֹԱϽЩģɢ֮ͼ˺Ӫ˾׸һ·̫ӵйأҲȻͺѲ˹ϵ
ʮ˵˰¹а˳ɵİգһ˺ǳӣڷλĪ
ããã
˵֣ߵԺǰʵʲô֣
Ժһϲ˵¹Ժӣƹ̡
ļ˵˲ţֻһƹ̵ĻûˣԸԸ£
ԺӵϥأԺԸΪ¸ǣ
˵󣬱ҪϸĵһȵุʣʱܶӹΰȻ㣬ڴ֮ǰҪȴﱾ⺺;ĶԸ⣿
ƹ̣ԺȻһ춼Ըˣ˿Ҳֻܵ˵ͷ˵Ϊ˵µĴ£¹Ը⡣
ʵˣ飬ûи˰ɣ
Ժҡҡͷ˵ûУ¹ٺ͵֮⣬ûе֪
΢΢˫ۣ˵ûоͺãǵã˰ǣ㣬Բܸߵˣλᣬһй¶Ϣ»֮ء
Ժ˵·ģ¹ٱ֤ؿƿ
ʵ䣿
Ժҡҡͷ˵
˵ͣûˣЩŮӣϡ
ƾ֮󣬵ҲЩСȨҪΪҲܾˡ
ЩȨҲûжĸˣǼҵŮӣԺԼϣκЩҺԼȨǣҲľƷС٣ͳٳûгס
ҲżԺעҪ˵ģ˶ɻ鶼ʱ򣬻иõŮӹѡ
ٴʵڳмˣ
Ժӵĸڼ磬ֻһλ顣
οǼһЩֻʱģʱ򣬵ȵǴɣȨƸˣѡ
Ժѹסĵϲãȭ˵л£
˵ͷ˵ʱˣȻȥɡ
Ժӹ¹ٸˡ
ȵӰʧȻֽ߬ɫ԰֮УŨŨķŭ¡ָ֮ڸʲô

ҹص޵ȴûʲô˯⡣
һ񣬶̶̼գ͸ܵҶԺ̬ȵı仯
ֲı
µǺ塣
Ǽ飬Ҫʲôߣ֪Ŷһ
̫ҽİҩ֮ڴϣող˼˯⣬㱻һҵѡ
ɫһ򿪵ţһźɫӰ
̧ͷ΢΢һ㶣ȵôˣ㲻Ϣʲô
֮£˵춼ˣϢԺеʱϢ
߽޵Żϡ
ܿ죬ڵľ
ʲô˷ˣ

˵˺üΣӦ㴦֮ǲ
˵ҵǱҵǴ
ĺ󱳣Ѿ亹ʪ
ʹλȨأҲµ顣
ٴʵ˭ŶЩ˵ģǷµΪǸ͸¶ȥΪʲôҪһ٣
ͷûлӦ
ΪҪôġ
֮ȰüΣţֻ˲Զıܡ
û뵽һжŵ޷죬ȴڲ©
ȻнʿģûһǴˡ
ʵǸƹ̣Ѿ˴˰ɣ
ûзϣδҹζ࣬Ȼա
ǸԺǸˣȻƾ弸֣Ͳ³˵̫֮Ǻָ֮ġ
ȴ֪鱾⡣
̫Ψһһڸʵǻ֮ǰ͸ߵĻӡ
Ļӣûаᡣ
û뵽ǣ̫󣬸ʾȻöʮ꣬˭Ҳûܵ
ȻҹʹԺӣЩ鷳
ٴ鷳ҲȲŶ
Ȼ˺ǬཫЩӵķŭȫйźŭˣȥ治֪ôġ
εҲ룬ҲǱˡ


265 ʲô

ƣ˭Ƶ㣬ѵӣ
ѯʣ˵ǲ涼ڴܶ𣬱ҪǲЩʲôǺûӣ
۾˵ǵı󣬻Ҫˮ밡ǲ֪еһλˡ
ӹаλĳͻԳ֮лӶ
Լˣ̫ܣ̫ԼԼҲδأûֶΣ༸ӡ
˼ȴĿ⣬һֱԼ
ع֮ŭ㻳ɱ
˰֣˵˵ǾͲǰɡ
˵һ䣬鵽ΪֹҪˣǵһֵģһһ
˵ͷ˵֪֪ˡ
ʱŶӰȻӺĺ뿪
ͬһʱ䣬ԺҲص˼
֮󣬵ڶ˵һ죬飬ڸнʿʱ
ϣ;ǿ֮ͬ飬һֵĴȡ
ǳ羴λͬĴˣܴƫԶ߳һһλãڼɳأָ֮һ˵
Ժڶ֮ʱ¼ġ
Ҳ䵱Լİ
Ǹʱô뵽гһգὫλԼΪˣĹ
Ժӵϣֳһ˿ɫ
ָָ֮֮ݹֱٲ֮ͬ飬һУҵģ
Ժ߽ԺӣҪطɫȻһԺڵĺڰ˭

峿

ܸո÷ûãյ˾׸һݹ
֮ϣžӡϣһԱȥ
ֶȱºǺܳ飬ָյҪˣȴԭǲġ
ԭԭʵʵʡ
£εģһ㶼ӵܻȨ壬ǻᱻŵԼߣԱܹͣӶ١
Ǿ׸õ٣ǳþ뢣ӣһ㶼
Ҫεģ빿ƹԺӣڴˣеӡ󣬵ӡ
Ҳ֪ʲôϵҪȥιܡ
һ㶼پԵĸ˵ƹµĹܣƹ̵׸ܣƷƷǾԵκá
飬һ
˺ݽɣɿ˵ˣԺӣִͬͬصͬ磬б٣ԺӰģִ׼չλͬˡ
Ŵԣһˡ
аݣǧأƾҲ¼ȡʮϰλʿһЩƾٴݡ
ͬͬأͬΪ٣Ƿǳѵõģһ˵볯ǰ볯ĺչһЩ
ȻҲһЩŵԭ򣬵һԹ꣬ҲǺҪġ
ӣܲһССƹ̶ѣƷ֮µĹְͨʡ
빿⡣
ʷ첽߽˵ԴˣԴˣ°ɵǳԾˣ
߽÷֮󣬼ֻзƹһˣŲһ٣ɻףƹأ
ƹڿ飬̧ͷ˵֪Դûţܸ˰ɡ
ʷһ£źǿ̫ˣôĺϢȻûܵһʱ
ƹɻʵʲôϢ
ʷһĽ˵㻹֪ɣԴҪˣξ׸ܣ
ƹһ£ʵļٵģ
ʷҸմдõϢм٣ԸµĹ磬ί״ӦþˣԴ˺;Ȼͬ磬ôҪ飬Ȼûи߹ǡ
ƹףԭԺ˵ʶȻġ
ʷʵ˾ǺðĽɣ
ƹЦЦĽȷʵһĽԼҲ⣬ٶһͶһΣգɲƹôҰģܰԼķ֮¾ˡ
ʷվ˵ȵãȥƹ̼һôԺضɻڴҪǰȡ
ʱ׸
һͷĹԱӾ÷߳
ʵһŵ˵ʱ䣬ǰߣҲǿ
׸ܵλã˶ڶţû뵽ͷȴһˣ֪ˮһա
÷֮ڣվ
Ժһἰٵ飬Ȼܾˣ֮룬һˣڰ빿£ȷ̫ˡ
֮ʮ꣬ɳؾͳһʿ
Իһ˶ţ罫ߣԲǨ֮Ρ
һιܸˡ
뵽Ժӽյ֪ϲʱ飬ϣҲֳһ˿ĵЦݡ
ʱһӰ߽÷˵ִˣү롣
Ȼʱ䣬׸ľȥ˸ҹʡ
Žո߽Ϳɫѿĺ
ټ¶ı飬ʵ£ôˣ
ôˣ㻹ʱôˣʶ˲˵˶ٴΣ㴦Ǹƹ̣ǲɴ֪֪
Ƭ̺˵ľһŵʲôȥˣ
˻䣬˵ҵҪҵҽգѾ˾Σ
Ĭãʵδõģ
ҧñãѾ˴ˣǸߵ³ӦѾǸܣȥˣ
ûٿڣ˾þõĳĬ
ٳ𼸾䣬վԭأһ仰Ҳ˵ջǽЩѵĻ˻ȥתļ˵֮ǹ㣬ֻ飬غǵСģһԺ㻹ģǧҪи֮ˡ
ú߳ʱ̧ͷ죬̾Ϣ˵㣬ʲôء
Էʱֻ˺ͷˣŵûп
ֱŻصҿЩƣ
ϴŵڴϣİԴϵѨλʵ̲æ𣿡
ŵİĦ˵һɱһ͢Ա̲߷õһ졭


266 
ŵĦ΢΢һ١
ڷ㹻ˡ
ǳ͢٣̲Դ
ŵӰе֪һƹ̣ûȥãͬȥʱһλͣɱ˼С
λƹ̵ļһңеĲﶼˣӱϿƺһ׮ҵɱ˰
ڼ˾Ŭ֮£ĳѾˡ
СëһҵԼɱˣûз
˵ǳ͢٣˰س̶ȣɱȨʡگ̲һҪ˰֮Է
ֻͨƹ̵ҲˣλƹģǽģӾƷֱ˴Ʒ
Ʒٱɱ͸Сˡ
ŵʵ鵽ʲôûУ
ҡҡͷ˵Ͽһ׮ҵɱ˰ҾãӦûô򵥣ôɣõԵ͢Աڵڶ١
˰Щɵ㣬ŵ룬˵һȥɡ
ʵãǽֹڣӦ÷һˣԶʧЧٲҲһġ
Ϊةʱ䣬ȥ£ܣְء
ŵ񲿵ʱ򣬱ץְصĹԱߵҲȷٺ»
Ҳû˸˵
ܺŵһ鰸Ȼܻ֮ǰλġ
ڶһ磬˾˰ص㡣
λƹ̵סڳķشľƷԱٺһȻͨȣҲǾԵĸнˣҲ𳤰شķӡ
ڷشΰȻԵõ֤
ŵ˿ֳδʲôõ
ļһңеĲﶼˣϵ鶼ûзŹĵǡ
ΧھӣҲô졣
ֻ֪סһͣǳ͢һС٣ƽʱٺھӽ
ʲôջûУ׼ȥٲһ顣
ҪǴһ˼ʹϵûʲôңûкʲô˽Թ
ܶıɱҵɱ˵ı
ң
빿ڣƹҡҡͷ˵ԴΪ˱ȽϹƧӦûʲôҵģԴô顭
ŵѯʹļԱǺλȥƹ̶ô죬ֻ˵ͨͬ¹ϵ
ݼĹԱ˵ԺΪ˸߰ƧѲ࣬Ҳʲôͻ
ٵ飬ŵҲϸһ¡
һƷƹ̣ȻδƷĹܣⲢǨ
ĹԱܿΪԭɡ
λƹ̣;ȻһͬĹϵ
֮ϣ֮ͬ以ģ֡
٣ͬʱЩѰζ
߳ʱŵʵǰļգȥʲôط̲鵽ûУ
ҡҡͷ˵ԺΪ˹ƧҲûʲôѣ֮٣û֪̲Ҳ޴Ӳ𡣡
̲޴Ӳ𣬾ֻ˾ˡ
ʱ֮ŵ͵֪ҪĴ𰸡
һƷƹ̣ʲôҪ˾ǲʱʱ̼̿һһġ
ʲôй
֪;Ĺϵ֮ͨ飬˾Ȼ鵽Ժգȥ׸ü˾
飬̲һ춼ûв鵽
Ҳû˻뵽һССľƷƹ̣Ȼ;ĳþʲôϵ
׸˳ľͼ˾
Ϊָ֮һλʵӡ
ŵʵİָ֮͸״һʥʮĽʿһƾ٣ǵڶ
ҲһĿƾϣùλߵˡ
÷֮ڣŵʩһʵ֪׸кҪ£
һƹ̣ΪԺӣִʶɣ
˵ͷ˵ʶǱٵͬ磬Ǳٰġ
ŵԺӵĿƾĩλʿݣܽû˵ȷܡ
ͬ磬治
ʵǰϣƹ̱ɱ˼Уִ֪𣿡
Щ˸У˵˵ˣɳڳΪٵģֻˣߣú࣬û뵽Ȼ飬͢һҪץס֣ο֮顭
Ȼ˵Ժ֮ǰļʱ׸ҹִˣ֪д£
ûзϣͷ˵ǵģԺҹ٣ϣٿͬپԲһʱ䣬ʱ࣬ι֮λû뵽
̾Ϣһ˵û뵽顣
˵꣬˵ȵӽ̲֮ɲԽԺӵʬ彻٣ٻɳأҶҲݵصĴͳ
飬ִ˿̲룬̲ͬġ
Ӿ˻ûв鵽ʲôõϢ
ûɱɣҴΪԼյıҲ̫֡
οǰһɱڶϾ͸٣ҲͲͨ
룬ʵ᲻Ǿ׸ĹԱΪԺǵλãһݣǬɱڣ
Ҳûе
˲·ɱ˸ĸ
˹·ɱȵ˲·ء
׸ܵλãֵúܶΪðա
˵ķΧ͸ˣҲûа취
ֻҪܸṩͺܼˡ
ŵȥ̲Ų鷨һԣӣ˵жˣ취Ȼ鷳ȴʵõġ
Բ鰸壬˺ܿʹӾһ
Щˣǹλõߡ
߳׸ʱܼҸոպһ˽̸꣬ߵŵͰǰ˵ү˾˲鱨ƹ̣ڼ֮ҹȥȥ֮ͱɱˡ

ŵ΢΢ЩȣһССľƷƹ̣ܺ;ϹϵѾܲ˼ˣȻǣ˽ȥ
⼸İô£
ôÿһһԽԽ˵ĸо


267 ҹ̽
֣
ϣҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
뵽׮ӻʲô
Ǻӵء
ǺĶ֡
һССƹ̣ͬʱǳϹϵΪһͨɱ˰ôоԽԽˣ
̵ȥ֣
һΣŵûиһȥҲʺϸһȥ
̲Ĳͷãŵһةûвʸ
˵ӦڴһϵȥҲʡ
ȥʱֻص빿⡣
Ժƹ̣ⲻһ׮ͨɱô칫ĵطҵһЩ
Ʒƹ̣ȻһԼ÷
빿һӣİ칫
÷һλƹ̹õġ
һ룬ģѾҿˡ
̲ҵģŵ뵽ģҲ뵽ûʲôֻһЩ֧ʣһ̨һᡭ
ŵⱾͷβԾûʲô֡
˵Ļֻ˵һ㣬Լ
Ƭ̵ĿתƵϡ
ϵĶһţīֽ⣬鼮ŵ⼸Ҳһ飬⼸Ǿ壬ӦԺƽ鼮кܶطע⡣
ЩҲЩõϢ
ŵһ飬ȷе˵ⲻ飬һƾٽʿᡣ
ⱾӣŵҲܶˣַֻ˷׼ʱеĶȴ΢΢һ١
һҳñʻ˼ԵȦ
ĺڹ㣬֣ˡ
һҳϵкܶ࣬ȴֻȦ
֣ŵͫ΢΢һ
ȦˣƫУŵעλǰԱ
ϸĽҳ˷ֻԱرȦ
һλкζһλǣʥʮʿҲǹĺнʿ֮һƾ١
Ȼŵʶˡ
УһССĲ²⡣
ζǣĪǰԱ
ͬʱԶ϶ƾԺȦ⼸֣;Բҵɱô򵥡
ŵܺ棬ϣ׺˵ʲô
ĪǣԺӷʲôܣҪԴҪЮڣ
̫Ӳ֮ЩԱҲһһȥƹ̣Ҳܿ⵽ڣŵɻɣ̫ӵǲ飬ЩԱҲǱڡ
Ʋһ¡
̫ӵǲǺйأ
ŵԺ֮Уոͷʹ˽Ų
Ǳӣ¶ۼС
ƹһλԱ߽ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵˣڲ鰸
ŵ˵ͷ˵ƹΣҿ빿ܷܲһЩµ
ƹʵҵʲô𣿡
ŵҡҡͷ˵һ񡣡
ƹ̾˿˵û뵽ᷢ飬Դôᣬǿϧ
ŵûʲôòˣˡ
˵꣬ת뿪
ȵŵ뿪֮󣬷ƹ̲ŶһλԱ˵ˣԺ칫ĵطˣǵְܼ򵥣ǿܰ빿⣬빿оóɹɹǷùоǰѰҾڡ
λµƹ̵˵ͷԺԭλϣ뿴˿ϵļ飬ķ˷ƹ̵ЩԴ˵һʰ¡
ǹԱվʰӣòãͿԣ⼸飬ҲڿҿЩע⣬֪ɲûȥ
ƹ̵ԴѾˣЩҲ֮ϲʹȥɡ

뿪֮ŵ̲
ûл÷ֻйȻһæµ
ŵڰλϣʹȻСˣڣӦÿ˰ɣ
Ȼ˵ͷ˵عӣһ¾ͽˡ
ԭڻнһ꣬ӣ̲Թ˲ڣһ£ܳˡ
ŵԥƬ̣˵һʣ顣
ҵ
Ȼһ㶣ȻĬĬĵͷڸ׵飬񶼲Ըἰʹ
СиߴΰĸףȻһմѪĶħ˺óʱ䣬𽥽顣
ĬƬ֮ſڵүʲôʰɣֻҪ֪飬һġ
ŵʵһʼڶٰɣ
Ȼ˵ͷ
Ȼнʿ꣬ŸոճԸ׵ҪȻ֪ġ
ӹȻĿУŵ˺ܶڹĺ顣
ĺ뿪꣬꣬ܶ鶼ǵˡ
֪ʱϸڣȻǲܵģƫƫŵ֪ġ
ʱһӰ߽ŵʵô
ʼ磬˵˵Ժȷҹ˵ƹˣҪͶ֣־ܾ
ŵҲûʸࡣ
ԺӵİӣѾصˡ
Ҫǣײʲôűڣڵ˭
ŵѾʶеˮɲ⣬Ҫ飬ҲܹĲ顣
̲һȥ׸ǼλԱˡ
ŵ̲÷һԵ뷨д˹ЩԱдʡ
ȴһûС
⣬Ժӵ;׸ĹԱûϵ
ŵ˾ָ֮Ǻ仹ûиȷָʾ
Ⲣ޹ء
ΪǾλӣ̲ûʸǣ̲ɺӡ϶Чġ
̲Уº¶ûʸ
ƷԱһƷģǵģֻе¡
˭ɱԺӵģŵζ˭
ֻҪܲԺӷʲô˭ɱ׾ͺˣȦԱһҪ
ŵֱͨȥ˵ľڡ
Ŀ̫ԣпܻݾߡ
ҹ

΢΢һ㶣ŵʵʲôȥ͹ˡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ǹ˲ҪȥԺӵİӣѾһЩҪȥ֤һ顣
ٴһ֮ϸֳԾԾԵı飬Щ˵Ҫ͵͵Ǳ𣿡
ŵҪǱ빿⣬ܱκ˷֡
ûʲôܣҲȨۡϵʵǿ
ֻŵͰȥĻﻹЩûס
ϼˣ˫ˡ
˵ķ䣬μѾ׼ϢˣŵͰ߽΢΢Щ죬ʱ첽߹˵˽㣬ȱ˯һ𡭡
μһ㶣ɫɿı죬˵вУһû׼ã
һ£˵һȥ鰸ʲô׼ģ
Ƭ̺Ѿ·ˣһ߳Ժӡ
ӭײһӰ˲ĿһµǣʵôˣǸʲôȥ
ŵ룬ˣʵȥһҪ飬ҪҪһ𣿡


268 

빿⡣
ӰԺС
ϵģŵһ˻治̫
мţټϰĶǰȫС
ŵѾǰˣϻֵأܣŰʱᾭһΰ빿档
ż˺Ժھ䣬ԼͰ빿Ѱҡ
빿ţһţƹ÷ţ÷棬һţĿⷿڡ
Ȼģŵ˵κͬ衣
ֻһͷⷿҵѴӦ
֮ⷿڣǺܶһۿͷܣ˷ֿѰңŵѰҺζľڣѰǵľڡ
ŵֳһѰ
Ѿǰ˽⵽Ϊ˷Ѱң빿ľڣǰģֻҪҵչԱľڣܴҵҪġ
ղǴգչԱľڣûռһܡ
ŵܿҵҪĶ
ⱾڣսĿȥ
ζʥʮʿεĵһְģǶҩؾֵҩ
ãǶԱ곯͢ģҩؾǶ֮£רΪ̫ӷҽƻ൱ڳ̫͢ҽԺ
ҩؾҩΪ٣ҩةΪ֮ÿ̫мҽ鷽ҩؼҩͯץҩҩ֮¡
ҩְȻߣȨҲûж󣬵λȴҪ
ɢ֮󣬺ζ̫ҽԺְ˴Ʒ̫ҽة
ζѾˣ֮ǰһκ֮ʱˮ
ͬĶԱ
֪ڹ֣˵İӺŵţζ⡣
ʱҲӲԶܴ˹ҵˣ
ŵζľڷŻԭλ첽ߵߣӹеľڡ
ǣʥʮʿεĵһְǶֱֵƹ̫·ģӶ뿪֮Ҳ̫£Ʒ
֮ǰΪδǬĺ࣬ж
ŵʵ鵽ʲô𣿡
ŵݾҲŻԭ˵ȥ˵
м˺ڣ£Ǻ˳ľͻص
ո߽䣬̲סʵ㵽׷ʲô˵ˣ
ŵ˿ҲѾȷ˵ԺΪĳܣڵġ
Ȳʵʲôܣ˭Ŀڣ
ŵ˵ĻŶȲߣȻʲôĻԺӾɱģңԺӸո뿪Ͳɱ˵ֵģһһܣðűɵķգҲҪڵһʱɱ
ԽԽãʵʲôܣ
ڰŵûʲôģ˵̫Ӳ֮ĶԱ꣬һɡ
ŵû˵꣬˵㻳ɣ̫Ӹ粻ǲţǱıı
޷ҵģһͨ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ԺΪƹ̣ԽӴйԱľڣһɣΪ˴£Բ⵽ڡ
һɻʵ飬ģԺôȥֵģ˵ͨ
ȷЩͲͨ
һССƹ̣ѵȥв
ҪңҲӦҺĻӡ
Ȼȥ˭ǽڶ
飬ģһ׷ƱѪɺؼ췭ظһССľƷƹ̣ôܶ
˰鵽ڣΪʲôҪԺӵĿڣѾҪˡ
׮ӣŵ޷İӡ
ǣǰ̫Ӻֻӣܲ˰رҲǾ޴ġ
ŸոͻƵĵֱܻӽľ

ͬİӣ԰Ȼͬ
ŵԣֻһ׮󰸡
԰˵ףҲףΪױӴףBUFFֱӵ
£ΪҪŵĶöࡣ
һӣпֱӽ徳
ŵʵ㻹ǵã̫ӵǻʲôȥ𣿡
˿̣ı飬ҲЩ㱡
֣пɱ̫Ӹ֣
飬ĳ̫ˡ
ãŻع˵ʱ򻹺СĲ֢ҲҼǵã̫Ӹβм·ԾãͻѣҲΪμġ
ŵȻûҽΪҽҺ˽⡣
ҽЧͼӰЧ
ڷˣҽҸ߾𵽵úޡ
̫ӱΪμЩԱЩڰеˣƺóһЩ¼
¹̫֮˰ǲ壬ջ֮ġ
Ҫ˰ŵҪһĶԱ
ڶգŵϳŵʱ򣬺ԼãθԷ
Թ緹󣬵׼֮ʱȻŵˣ
ܻعͷʵ£
ŵ˵֮ҪԱʲô
ŵмӣҪõ
ҡҡͷ˵治ɣǰ빿ʱ򣬷һЩڱˣԱ¼һٵľ֮С
ŵ㶣ʵûбݵľ𣿡
ܵЩʲôҪľڣǲбݵģ˾Ҳûˡ
ˣҪ¸֪ˣŵ뿪θ
ЩڱҲʲôżȻ¼
ȻЩ˲˲鵽ĶԱ
һһķ빿ľڣҲ̫ʵ
ŵ߽£̾һ߽÷ʱԺкȻһ
ԣᱣԱ¼ģ֮⣬һš
Ǻ£
¸𳯻ǣÿĴ󳯻ᣬǺ¹֮ء
Ǽ죬еĲţҪϵְԱҲ⡣
Ҫǰ滮һУиϵ˳򣬹Ավλȡ
ԣһǵ
ŵǵԣȻ顣
ҲЩп
£һڤڤ֮Уаŵĸо
еĺúõģ͢Īİ˺¡
£Ͳμӹ»ةҲͲǸشķ֡
ûн£Ҳ̫ýӴʮǰĶԱ¼
ĪһУ⣿


269 
Ǿױӵš
ڳк޴ڸУйԱǾٵˣ񲿺ʷҲȨ
ֱǰЩӣһλةˣ²˼
λةҲǲѰ·õʱں䣬ǴһŮ£͵͵˿ⷿҲ֪ڸЩʲô
ЩˣǬһ𣬴ģҲעӰ졣
˼ةʲôʲôĸҶ졣
ʱ¿֮ⷿڡ
ŵͰǬȻ졣
ڶѻɽľУһݷݵķҪϡ
µĿⷿô룬϶ѷŵĺңһЩڵϣҵĶѷڽɢһ鼮ž˵ùζ
ڹ򲻸ˣȻʱһ㣬ҪĶŵҵˡ
ʥʮ̫꣬ڹԱ¼
̫δĴ̫ӸҲƺ󹬵ĻΪ̫ڹΪ̫ӵӶġ
µϣŵĻҪȫȻڹŮС
ٴθп찲£Ȼġ
ע£Ϊ˲嵱Ķ֮
ŵͰ뿪
뿪֮󣬺¸÷Դ̽˳
ⶼȥСһʱ˰ɣλة˵ˣ־ð
ѹ䣬ǿʡ

صŵͰС
ԣӺҵǷ¼
ǰĹԱ̫ʦһɳеϳΣҪ̫ӣְܸߣһƷĹٽף֮ϡ
ְֹһʵеȨֻ˵ϵĹְ
̫֮٣̫ӱͣҲͬ
Ȩģ̫ղ¸ղ¸ƶ񣬾Υи¡
̫ղ£˵ǶĴܼҡ
̫ղ£Ϊν
̫ղµ֣˵ϳʱѾأղ£ֻǸһְղ¸Ȩģղ¡
ŵĿƣһ֡
ʱ̫Ӹղ£İľָ֮
Զ͢ʱ̫ӸλãӦһ㣬ƹܶ顣
͢λأղ£ȴֻһλ
ŵĿ⶯˶
Ǿ
⼸գƵĿָ֮֡
Ϊ̫Ӹղ£Ӧ̫ӵľĸ̫ӵǻпһ֮£֮ϵλá
Ȼ̫ӲʣķչҲ̫
Ȼ࣬ҲλȨأοִ̫֮ΪӵĺǺǻһ֮֮ϡ
ܾô䣬ʼնվڻʳһߡ
ŵĿƣ֮ĹԱͶʶˣܿ죬Ȿϣ˹ĺڹ㣬֣ˣԼζǵ֡
ľڲȷʵڶ
˶ڶΪ⣬ʱ⼸뿪֮ķչ
ҵʱҲӾƷ˴ƷĺΪƷڹǹƷĹ»ة
ЩƾĩλûпɽĹԱ˵Ǻܲ˼ġ
֣Ȼû٣Ҳڶʱڣ˴ĲƸڳ⣬ƽȣƵϸһ
Ҳڳģǵ⣬֣ȣСС֡
ˣһʼ˵ǣ㱻ǿԵͼߣ֣ұˣҲͱ̵ʣˡ
ŲӣڹŮʱߣĳһͣһ˲ޡôôϤ
ŵĬƬ֮˵㻹ǵûƼҵİ𣿡
Ƴһۣ˵Ȼǵã
Ǽӣ˹ϵת۵㡣
ΪǼӣ˼ٰ˼ޣϦദӰ룬Ŷһ㺡
Ϸ򸾱ɱǻǵŵΪ£˵֮󣬲ŷˡ
룬¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵ˣ޲ǻƼҵŮ˵Ҽǵãʱ̲ѳ˺ܶණĲ
δ˵꣬Ȼŵ˵˵ǼӣҲǡ
ʱǼӣ˱;ùŹ֡
һж̫ˣץĵɱϷ򸾵֣ʱ˲δ룬˿̽ӺͶԱİϵôôԡ
ǹ»ةڹİһ
Ƿֹ»ةʱ־˳
ͺ񡭡Ǽȥһ
޷꣬ϰǴ˰δ壬ƾֱҲ֪ܲ
Ҫǣ̫ӵģ֡
ֵУڻʼȻǺܳ飬ķʱһʱԽܡ
ŵ֪ӶͰ岻ͬĬҲûд߳ţŷҵܼҡ
ںϻƱ߳αܼվʵүʲô£
ŵеĲӵݸ˵˾Ҳһ飬ЩԱڵҪϸһЩѾ˵ģҲһζ鲻żҪģ͵͵Ĳ飬һЩ
ܼҽӹӣͷá
ŵֵݸһֽ˵ٲһ⼸ˣһЩḲ̌˭ڱ
̫ӵһġ
ĺؼ֣ؼڹˣ֮Աڣһ֪ʲôˣŵҲ޴
ֻҪܲЩǨĹУ˭ڱ˳ϣ㡣
Ǳ㣬ȻҲ͵֮Ѳ˹ϵ
ܼҺܿ뿪ŵûȥοˡ
ʱ
¡
һ껺߽ã΢΢˵ˣүҪ˾һЩǰԱĽԼλԱǨ̡
е飬µһ룬ȡһݾڵݸ
ӹڣת뿪

ŵոհοðߵԺʱ򣬷ܼһݾ˽
һ£ʵôͲ鵽ˣ
֪˾Чʿ죬Ҳôɣ
ǰǰģһʱûС
ܼҵЩĹԱһȷҪʱ䣬үòǼˣûô鷳ˡ
ŵӹݹľڣص򿪡
ݾװģһݵ鱨档
ڹĺڹ㣬֣ˣԼζǵĵ鱨档
ŵµûԱ֮ô죬ȷڱʹˡ
֣˵ô󣬱Ҳй
ȻΪ˶Ŀ;˺üȦӣ˾˳ϣųеԻԵĶ󣬻ҳĻ֮ˡ
ͺ
ŵֽϵĽۣЩҡ
ΪôŲţֲ鵽ˡ
֮Уǿλ֧֣йԱӵأǣı̫һ
ֱɣ


270 ֪
˾鱨ǲûɵġ
⼸λˣٵ٣Ƶķƣڶɢ·𿪹һ㣬һ·ϮΪͺڳ
˵Ƕղ£ܶյչˣչ֮ǷһЩͲͨˡ
ҪԱ״Ƕ˾˵Ҳһʱ飬ŵҪĵȴ
վŵԣĿ⿴Ƿݾڡ
ŵ룬ʵҪӣ㲻Ҫٲˣ
Ǳ֮ˣǼӺ֮ˣˡ
Ӷ˵ȷЩпᡣ
ҡҡͷ˵ȻѾʼˣҪһ鵽ס
ŵҲ˵ʲô⼸죬϶Ҫ鰸ҲûôϢŵڴϣҽҵַƣ
ڷϣֱҪϢʱŵҪȥֱۣ˵뱧˯
ӣŵӦ
ϣԼ˯ġ
Ӧȥ˷ˣ˰ضˡ
ϣŵһˮƽġ
Щ֮ҲЩ⣬Ϊʲôʵ۵ĺ󹬣
ȢλӣҲͦ׵ġ
ŵ˵Ķͷ˵УĻ˻ġ
Ľ˹֮ӵԸ񣬲ôˣҲûбǺдһЩ
ܲһϣﷴ⡣
ĸ첲˵ҹȥһ˯
ŵƳһۣΪԼ밡
֮ĸ˲룬Ҫͬ⣬ɲһ׵顣
ûиĽ֮ǰ˻һ˯ͬһŴϹԴµĹƤˣз֮£Ϩƻ
֮Уȫˡ
ŵûȷıʾ̵ܾȥͼ˽˵
ŵʼ磬˵ӣʲôܾأ
μ˵ķ֮ڡ
ǰ廨߽ߣ֣˵˽㣬ս찡
μ΢΢һЦ˵Ƿ˽ҵġ
Ů֮ϣ˵ʦҪȥ̲ûжϰʱ䣬廨ȻҲ
߿һ̽˵ϣҪˡ
μûж룬һ˵ð
صһ£˵Ҿ֪˽ˣϴ͹
μ΢΢һ㶣ʵϴ衭ʲô
Ȼ˯ѵȥ鰸𣿡
μʵǳȥ鰸𣿡
˰֣˵ôİҪ顭
μ˵ҡ
̵ղŴӦģӦ˵ɲܷڣ

峿
ŵͰһ߳ţһǰ̲һȥ¡
Ҳ֪ô˵ģȻͬһ˯Ȼֻǵ˯ѣҲһܴĽ
һеڶ
ºûʲôҪŵ
˾ЪһЪ˼һʱܿȥ
ϣӦֵ㰲ˣȴҪŵһ˯̵棬һ˯ʱ򣬼˵ķӦȻ
һգǣѾϰˡ
ϣŵִߵգãڼǣ˳ָָӺ˽
ЩӣǵĽɿ졣
Ҳڵ飬ÿվУ̿ǻ˸ˡ
ŵԺпʱܼҴ߹ݸŵһݺľڣ˵ү˾ĶѾˡ
ŵӹݾڣͰ䡣
֮ǰܼ˾һµ궫Աȥ״Ϊ漰̫࣬ڲн
Աǳ֮࣬ټ̫ڹƽֱӽӴ̫ӵģаϣǶһ飬ȷʵס
ЩԱ뿪֮Ϊԭģȷ١
൱һ֣Ϊǣʧ԰͢õġ
ûб׮ʧ԰ģЩģࡣ
ЩԱ뿪֮󣬴඼ʧȥ˽Щһֱԭְֻ̤Ҳڳá
϶ԣǵɲ
Щ˶ķɿģ߲ƸʮѸٵģͱȽϿˡ
˲࣬ȥѾȥǼλµһֶֻù
Щˣֵصעġ
ŵĿ⣬ɨ̫ڹŮʱ߲ӹֺܿ˻
̫ڹϣǴӰƷŮ٣ڹؼ·ؼ壬ȣǻᾭӴ̫Ӻ̫ɵŮ١
ŵ֣Ϥ
ˣȴһİ
뿪֮ڳ¥⣬ʮԽԽԽԽ˳һķ֮أڶԹ󣬶Ŀˡ
¥¥
ҲΪϴκĳͻ
ǶΪǺӣڿӦΪ֮
ǵĹü
չ󣬿²ǵĿģֻҸɣλڹŮ·
Щӣ̫඼ŵԾ֣зһЩɵ㣬ô뵽Щ˵Ͷйء
ô˵֮£϶С
ΨһǣͨʲôֶΣɹı̫ӵġ
֪֮ˣ󲿷Ѿˣ޶֤
ԺԼݣû취ץʣͻƿڣǼλɵĶϡ
Ҳˣ¾ҲûзĿˡ
ĿǰΪֹӣѾͰƿصķΧ
ãûмܹƿء
ŵͰ֮󣬺ܿһ
ҹ

ŵһţڴһ
ŵŶ룬е飬վ˵ôˣô˯
ŵϷţǰ˵£мҪ㡭


271 Ʋ
ģʸҲλˣȻǴĪ
ŵͰ鵽󣬻ǵÿס
ЩӲ鵽Ķû˿ĸ˸ףҸԼĲ²⡣
̫ӵ⡣
аҪĽɫ
ŵΪ𾪡
ıɺܵȻ
˵ͷ˵飬һ˾вһģʱˣȻȥЪϢɡ
Ƭ̺ŵ߳鷿
ͷһۣѾˣķϣдʲôС
ǿ̫ӰһºͻʺΨһĶӡ
ô飬˾ȻһʾûУ˼顣
Ǵγ̣Ҳû¶֮ɫ
ûʲô飬𾪵ġ
ŵϰߡ
ŵţһӦİš
ŵطʱѾˡ
ӻǰѾϴˡ
μ˿ŵһֿۣ˿ϣĿٴŵ˼ԡ
ŵ޹ʼ磬ʾԼΪ
Ȼ֪ӵ˼
ðԼķ䡣
ϣŵͰվһ
˵ȢӣҪÿϷֿ˯ǺֻȢһʲôͬ
ĳЩʱ䣬ĵص㣬ʵϣܷһ֡
ͬһ
峿μĺ磬һǰצһſŵϵİЩ뿪
һϾȻ˯ŵʱ򣬾ԡ
飬ôܱ˿
ȻҲˣǣǡ̫߳ˣ
Թ緹ŵͰһš
·ϣŵ֣ʵʲôʱ̲һ̲ˣС˾ֻд֣һ˼ûС
ŵԴҲ޿κΡ
ֲ͢ҿģȥľȥģһж÷֯š
Ǵǻ
ŵĿǰĿŬ
ںҲȫǻ££Ҳֲ˵Ķɰ
Ͱ̲Ҫߵʱŵ󷽼۶
ֵϵ˼ˣ׷׶ܡ
һգ۵Ĺʧĳֽǡ
ŵǰʱץһʱļɣͰڳͷݳģ뿪ûãЩ˾ֿʼ޼ɵˡ
ŵԼ÷ʱ򣬼ͣ˺ǰ
е֮ϣһģһ֣Ծǿһۣһ
һЩмʶ·ˣЩ̲ספ
ϲĵģֻмңͣںſڵӦþǽҵˡ
ЩҵˣɲĪΪɱһ£
ӱɱǧļдУҲٳ֡
õϢҴ߳ĺӣҲõʱɡ
Ӱ֮
ǰһµģһλӣĸߴ󣬱鲻ŭ˿ȥһ˵ơ
ӵڶӭȥ
һû˵
ߵǰ¶Цݣ˵ôҲ˸֪һҲǰţ
Ƭ̺󣬺УһǸ⣬˵飬ʵûԤϵƣƣû뵽µĶô졭
ӵΪ˴¡
ԣһʵֵ˼ǡ
ǰ֮ˣҵĵڶӣ塣
棬ܹҵģϵҲưոݣȴҲ²׼ʲô
ӳ˵ȻҲҵˣܹõģ˭ɱˣҪۣ
վһӵĽǶȣ仰ֱǿûߡ
Ǵģдɷò˵ˣ
Щң߸Ϲˣȷô͢
ֻ˵Ǵ䣬ܸΣ߻иֱҪҪ˼
֪ǺߣҪڳɱҵ
ҵڣҲڳԵ䶯֡
ͬڶԳ͢սˡ
ӿ˵ģҲֱӶֵģҲͳ͢ԣǳ͢УҪˣӦҲٰɣ
һۣ⻰˵ģ͢Ҫˣֹǲ٣
Լڣ˺޲ó졣
ӿź˵Щ꣬Ϊãźܶ˶Ϊжд̣λӣ֣ٽһЩƣδزܳʱ򣬾Ǳ£ҲƶΪ
쿪ڣͬ⣬Ըһ֮ǲԸҲ޷ĳȥ
Ȼû˼
ɱǳ׼ŭҡ
Ѿ˱ɱġ
ӱɱЩǧҶԣǾ̵ġ
Լϣһת֧ʧȥҵ֧֣ǾԶǼλӵġ
û̴Ӧ˵ҿǿǡ
˵ͷ˵ʱҵȺµĴ𸲡
˵꣬תȥ
ȥ̾
Ը˺Ƥ
ߣֱһȷĴ𸲡
ԥȴ̲סˣŵ㻹ԥʲôԸǣǰ⵹õĻᣬѵ뱻һֱͷϣ
βûѵһˣ˵ȥ븦֮
ʱ߽Ժ˵濴ҵҵ𣿡
˵ͷ˵ˣм飬
˵꣬ĬƬ̣˵˺ưǺҶɱģǣȴ֪˭
˰֣˵ȲǸյļһãҪҪҵģ
ȥȻõġ
ҵģʧҲԳܡ
һѵѡ񣬾˵飬ҪԼˡ
˼֮󣬻սȭͷ˵ȻҲΣǱƲˡ


272 

ӿ˵һǵѡ񣬳ҲΪǣôˡ
ȻѾҲԥʵӦʲô
ӵλӣԼȨǣҪϣ飬ͽˡ
ʵʲôأ
ӳ࣡
ϣʳָ۶档
ȻһõɣȴΥӵԸΪǰģûһλʵۣϣԼвȡ
³Ȼã͵ͬڷϵ˴
ɣҲʮصġ
֮жܳɹ񣬶ٲ˴Ѫ
ҵв֮£Ҳûѡ
ʱ
Ȼһʵʲôࣿ
ʵô㲻ң
ûֱӻش𣬶ʵȷһ㣿
ɱ񣬳״ŭңΪ˱֮ѵõĻᣬôԼ顭
Ŀ΢
ȻԶڽҲСڳٳҶֱӻӵĹϵ
λӣټȨԼҵȷǰ⵹Ĵʱ
ϣ˵ãкβң
˵ǵټٺòԹȥ˵ɡ
ȥȻ𲻵ʲôãƻЩôģͼҲ˳ȥһˣǴӦãӦҲ޷ص㻹ǿҡ
Ƭ̺󣬺뿪ûҲ˸š
ڣĿȷŵ࣬Ҫɱ
˵ͷ˵ԸæǧѷĴûᣬԸ֣ǳɹĿܣһɣгԿ࣬ӦҲϣŰɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ȥɣ֧ǡ
üһʵ
̯̯֣εαԩһαԩɱһαԩƺǱֱѾûм֮ˣҲﲻϣֻܴ֧ˡ
һۣЩǽڡ
ı󣬿д޼ҺңؼҼڳеӰ죬֮ϡ
Ը˵ңξһʧˡ
û뵽Ӧˡ
˵˵ƤӶĥˣǲɿڣֻȥ
Ȼ뿪֮һǰ£ΪʲôӦǳʱ
һߡȣչҡҡ˵ΪʲôҪӦأˣģֲǱûʱ򣬻˭ǣƺţܻ̫á
¶Ȼһ羴Ӣ
ҹ

üͷһʵܾˣ
˵ͷ˵ҷ˲ٿ࣬û˵Ǳô
Ҳҡҡͷ˵˵Щ飬ͼͬˣҲ𲻵ʲôá
λ֮УֻкӵнΪۺʵ
ͼ̫СǣǽûǣҲӰ
˰֣˵ˣûҼңҲ㹻ˡ

ͷ
һ֮С
˵£һ仰ŵ佫ɱֽ˳ǰԵ
ô죬ǰȨڿɲˣǺ׵顣
ڰɣƷĴٰ
ƷΣɱƷԱֲֹһλ
ֹƷĹԱľɱҲһ鶼ûУҲѹˡ
ôӸλ
ֻ꣬Ƕ˵ˣ
λЪźȲĿˣڲ̯ģ֪˭Ļ⣬˵Сۡ
ڰնԣȻŴǳ̰٣Ĵ̫ңԶ
ԷЩ飬ӰĸǳãͰյĹϵ
Ϊİգ˭ϣñĸãĵ£ⲻһƷͷ㡣
ֱѣǲֹסۣҴȥ
鲼ĶĿֻҪǱǻС
Ժ
һȺѧӣ֮ʱڿġ
͢ʵ࣡
ӻҵδںη
ͬΪؼؼؼκһǴһĵǣȥĻΪ̲³
ϧ΢ᣬû취Щʲô
ϸˣ͢ҲӰɣӦ飬Գ͢ͳԸϵһǩ֣˭Ը棿
Ը⣬ΪˣΪȣ
һ
Ҳһ


߽¥ķ䣬һԣʵʲô
ʵ㲻ˣӦڵĵطɣˣ
Ƴһۣ뽫ɼҡ
ûô飬ÿͼ˻аһ廨ܾŵ̽գ˳͵ѧӹ
ûлشֱʵʲô飬һæأûʲô£ҾȻȥˡ
ŵڽһµĽмطûŪѧᣬͱҹݺ˻
ס˶ˡ
΢΢һ㶣ʵΪʲô
˵⼸գķ̫ԣӦƣǵĿ꣬Դӽҵ֮󣬶ƵǣλӣһȨͳ룬ӦҪ׼ˡ
ҿʼƵϵйԱ
ȨҲϵĳ뺺ĸϡ
˿ʼɿ⣬Ŀֱָ
Ȼڰ֮еͲã⼸գڹۣ⼫ԡ
ó飬˶ЩҲΪС
ЩһУûĿġ
üͷ࣡


273 ˵
գĪĹһ֮硣
ìͷֱָ
ʮǼ鳼飬ڳû䣬ǲġ
˶һʧܸա
ɻԾڳãȻҲʹЩøϣǲҹ۵ġ
⼸գȴһЩ仯
Щ£һ˳ڳ
ǹȻĴû취۱׼֮ҪƽϢҲס
ۣӰ쵽Ժ
ĴԺԼһЩСԺѧӣѾ׼鳯͢Ҫϲ
ЩԺѧӣȻǳ͢Աδĳ֮вԺѧӵ뷨͢ӡ
ǰΪѧУ⾩ٵ飬Ҳʱз
Ϊ⼸յķԭղҹȻ۵Ļ⣬ҲҹȻ鼸䡣
˵Ȩ׼ˡ
Ȩ˵ԺѧҲ׼Уȳ࣡͢
ʮˣϣܳ
һΣƺģԺкӹˣ

ĳǾǽ۵ʱȺУȴһһǺǣһȺɵӣ˶֪ˡ
һ˿ǵӰ˵ιˣô˵ģ
Ҳ˲ޣ͢ѵһ𣿡
ӿǽϣ˵ʲôǼ˭ļ˵ǼûУѹյȨ͹ԱɱĲٰճԩѩ
ȺĹ˵ʮǰʲôӣԱ޷죬Ȩ޶ͬݽ棬ǵŮ𣿡
ȺСȥ
һЩ곤ˣȷһЩ֮¡
ĳȫȨԱĳ̹ᣬȨȫɷ֮ϣͨգȫΪײȨ󣬶ʬͷɫŮңҲö֮ڴϳ֡
ֻã񣬸Ǽʧȫϰ˽յĳ˵ĺڰ
˲мһЦ˵нյĳΪЩķ𣬻ǾΪֻҪҴɷȨǹԱĸɱǣǲһ£ˣùĻ˭
˻
⡭
˵ģе
Ҳǵãսµʱ򣬲пÿ춼̰ٱնס
ˣǸʱڴǰţðԩ곤ĶӣɱǷһӻӣˡ
ȺС૵ʱ˵ҲҪĻɱˣɲʲôˣһУΪ˵ϵĺùҲ٣ӵкȻĹԱɱ
Цһ˵ôǺ˻ǻˣֻҪǰУˣЩ̰Ȩ󣬿ɾûµˣʱǻΣֻ֪ˡ
֮ǰڵˣݺݵĿˣʵ㵽ʲôˣ˭˵ЩģǲǼͬ
ҡҡͷ˵ңֻһȥ·˶ѣɿ֪
˵꣬תȥ
һɫȺ֮У̸˹ȥ
ȺУ˵ҲҪƭˣΪ˵϶ͬӦŽֻҪ򣬳͢һͳģ
һΣȺȴûпǸȥ
ҲֻźʲôͼĿںš
ղ˵һϸϸĥüе
Ǹһ˵öԣǼҳصڣ飬԰Ǻǻ
֮ǰûһˣɱôĹԱȨЩ԰˵߸ϵĴֻεˡ
ˣǿӾ͸ˡ
ɢɢˣ
ҿɲóٱǰ
ô˵ǲҪĺá
ȺɢȥֻʣһӰվԭأɫѿ
Ƭ̺ȥһǰܵǸˡ
ɫѿ˵ղһģܶ׷ٵģ϶ͨ񣬴ĿΪϴס
˵ȥ

½õϢ쿪ʼ˲ϵΪϴס
ǼƻӰǾ޴ģ֮ǰزٵһơ
ܹЮȫİգѧӣȨ󣬳ǸҲòʱ򣬾Ǵ˳УֱնɱҲ˵ΪƽϢԹ
ʾҲûá
ôһϣ⼸Ǳݿ߽⣬ҲԵ
ʧȥ˰յ֧֣֣ôеˡ
˾Ȼͨ󣬵ɿ⣬Ҳóġ
Ļ֮ˣóٿۡ
Ƿ˺ܴõƣڷǳ̵ʱ֮ڣͱ߽⡣
ģ˭ڵң
ԣ˰˰֣˵ЩҪԺͳãѾźˣֻʱ죬һʮǰҲһΣûôˡ

˫ֻŷˣ˵㲻ǹ˽ã
Ƴһۣ˵ô˽ˣòײŴûʲôãûˣǰ׷ѹҲΪ˴֡
˫֣˵Ҳƽ飬߽⣬ҲûõģһΣӺȨ֣ڶԱӦԺѧӣҲɿãܶù𡭡


ŵһ׽ߵʯϢʱڶķ˿һۣһֹӡ
ŵֱʵ£
룬˵⼸죬һЩϢ¶˲
ûŵʣͼڵԺΪףλӣһȺȨԱԺѧӣƺҪ࡭
ŵʵ˵ģ
֪ĿУвٴԹǺȶ֮͸¶ġ˿ŵ˵߲ƣǲҪЩ׼𣿡
ŵ豭һڡ
ͿͷˣȻǵ鷳
˵Σ´һˡ
ڹ֮ڣŵ뵣ġ
ǲ㽲أټ˾ҲвЩ֡
ΪԷһȷʵҪһЩ׼
ŵص䣬ȡһֽдʦϡ


274 ŭ
鷿֮ڡ
ŵһд˼š
һǸʦģΪͽܣòʦʦһТ֮࣬ʦһЩѧϵ⡣
˳λʦ㣬λʦʦһһˣ顣
⼸ţǼĸɽɽԼ⼸볤Ͻɵġ
񲿸ովִٰᡣ
һΣŵԼ壬ٰһСᣬɵʦǰС
ոдûãĸˣ
ܵϳܲһŵֱʵأ
ŵӦڴ¡
Щʲôʱˣ˼칫
ڳ͢ѾĲգϵһЩ仯
һȨԱıһжжġ
࣬ƣҲ޷赲
һЮγɹֻǰ޷ˡ
ʱɷ˵ֶγҳ˰֮ˣҲⲻܵ
ŵĸˣ˵ʦ㣬ɲͷ㽫͵ڣʦϣ
ɽͺɽ볤Զܿ͵
̫Զˣǧľ룬ķʦȥ͡
ҲûкŵĲţһ֮˵ʦ
ԣ˿
䲻ߣȴҲ֪ߵǿ
λǿԸܱһƽ¡
½װȥ˿ŵ˵ǲ볯֮͢µģʦδػҲһЩ׼
ŵ˵ͷ˵֪ˡ
˺˶ܲ飬׿϶Ҳ֪ˡ
Ȼŵ֪Ӧԣ϶ʲô׼
ʱ¡
˵ʱչˣҪȥҵסһʱ䣬Ӧòҹġ
һµľڣҡͷҪǶ㵽ʹҲûá
ֵǱ˻ǳȥܱܷͷɣȵʳأһоͲõˡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ǵһһǵļ֮£Ǵʱ뿪»ʱȫģ뵣ģ
ץһȻӣҲֻĴȣ̾һȥ
Ƭ̺󣬻ʹĳǰһߣ˵ƹñһʰɣʮ𼱵飡
ֳַҡҡͷ˵£ûõģҲ֪±չ֮ʱϣκ˶û취š
̾Ϣһתȥ
ȻΪӣڴ˿̣Ҳܵһġ
ͷһۣе˫ȭ
ǵǸߵλã˭Ҳˡ


һӰ߽Ժ˱ȭ˵£ղŽҪ£ûм
˿ڲ裬˵ʱչأǲܼ˵ģܼŹ֣ȵʳأľѳۣû硭
ʵûʲô
˵ûУǰһ˻ؼҾȥ£ֻ˾ĸ֣ԡ
ԣʵ˾˾м֣
˾µĵ֯ľĸ֣һЩ徳ʦӦûУļУһλ徳ʦ
͢ʦǿߣھУ˾ֻһ֯Ѽ鱨һ
ĳ佫ͬеʦ޷ġ
һЦ˵ľľʲô֣һ˱ǡ
һΣʦλ
Լλ
ټϺؼиȨĸ֣ɱһͬ̽ȡ
һ£ֲУ׼ңҲһλʦĶӣһλΪ˵ӡ
һ£ʵʲô
ź𾪵Ϊʲô˵
Ҳʹ
ɫЩ粻
һλλʦûʲôڣɲǺǵģοĵӡ
λʮλʦ
ңҲû취ڿ⡣
ڣҲܶҡ
Һ֣ˮˮȻżϵĳͻ£ѡͬͬˡ
ûκһ壬ܱ֤һֱǿʢ
壬ȻӵмΪѪĳЩʱڣҲƲӣûеǿľ档
ʱң侮ʯǶչ֡
Ҳܴǧ꣬棬Ҫԭ
㣬࣬ĶӣһɱԾ󻼡
һݣұ㲻òˡ
λǶԳ͢Ƕңѹȡ
˼ãȻʣҲֻܵһΣҷŹĶӣɡ
Զڼǧ⣬Ҵֳ֮͢£ֻҪĵӣҲ뵣ǡ
˵ͷ˵Ķڳ֮ϣҲʲôˣΪǡ
ŵ֮ڹٳˮԱɵ޷Ϊ
м˻ӣ
׮£Ҳ׷¡
ʱ
ʹĳ֮ڡ
ֳַһǰһöӣ˼ãҡҡͷ˵ūһ壬²£ū䡭
Ķ棬һģҡҡͷ˵ˣһƾ䣬壬һ˼ûУǺ˼ÿһֶµĺ죬Ӯʹ죬Ҳʹ졭
ЦЦ˵ǴĵһˣūȻܺȣҪҪ˹֣
ӻ˻֣˵ˣʱ򣬻ǲĺá
һӣһ˵һΣľƣǰδеգҲ֪˻ƾ֡
ĻʵϣҲ¶Ȥı飬˵Ҳ棬һΣôӦԣ
ܿ죬ϵЦݾʧˣаżöӣ¡ˣгϢң޾ͷӦǵһλĻʵ۰ɡ
ûٽӻˣڰƬ̣һӰӵ߽ȡһۣĵݸĻʣ˵£˾ܱ
Ļֽӹߡӣַ
ȻٸԤ£÷飬֪Ϥ
Ϊֻ˾еܱĿȥ֮ϵı˲佩ס
һ̣аļöӣ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
һεƣɢ
ˣֻ˫һſڵأ˲ʧȥ
ĻеۣѾ߬һŷֽĿ͸˵Ĺâһ˱ʧڴ֮ڡ


275 

Ʊ˵֣ҹ˱
ҵƶ֮£һжеʮ˳
ſƾٵһƣҴǣ¢˽ʿԴ
ڳ꣬ʡ¶ҵˣټϾܵĵطԱһϣܲ뵽֡
¾㱸ֻһγᣬͿԶѡ
оһ˵İɣһΣ˭ҲȲ
úЩ΢ĺصԼ޵
һӰѾڴ˵Ⱥʱˡ
Ц˵֮ãղźȵĲˣͱٺȼ
ųңĿˣʵϲദ
Ʒ֪ܾˡ
ϵľƺΪһƣӹ֮󣬲ûкȣ˵£лСˡ
ԹԵһʵлС˭лС񣿡
нӹƺתʵʲôˣôģʲôʱģ
λ̫ڹ԰ǵ궫֮£λ֮һ
˵ҹͻȥ˵Ⱦĳص߲Ϊ˷ֹˣʬ壬ҹʬͱ˷ˡ
һۣʵģ
Ϊǵġ
δ¹¶ɫ˵㣬ҲңѵǶ֣ȴԼѵǲǣ
룬˵Ҳпû˶֣Ⱦ񼲶
һ£ûУ
˵ͷ˵š
˰֣˵ǲ͵ˣҲɹģ¹˽Ǽ飬Զ֪ˣȾƣȾơ
Լ˼֮󣬿ʵ֮һ⣬Ҫʵشң⣬ˡ
ʲô⣿
۾ʵ˵ĳ谮̫ӣ̫ӶҲ㵱̫ӣǰ;ޣΪʲôðķգѡ
룬˵ҽʱ̫ӾѾ̫ˣҵһУ̫Ӹģ̫ûжٹ̫ͣߣӵڶ࣬вٶ̫壬̫ӵǻҲֲңŵ²ͬһپ٣һһ߹Щ꣬ŵ²
ļ˵ȻǵǻȻܸǿ϶ģʱһ֮£֮ϡ
˹֣˵лˡ
ӺнӹƱߣ˵ˣЪϢһɡ
ڴϣ۾֣˵ȷЩˣȥæɣСһᡣ
˳ϵš
֮ϣ۾Ŀһ˿⣬˼꣬˵֮֮ôˣ㻹ǲԸͱİ
Ƭ̺
ž¶Ȼ˵Ǳûô⣿
˼Ƭ̣˵Ĳ˰ɡ
˼Ѿڴ֮ϣž˵ǲǲģֻҪ˾У˵ִˣûпǹЧܸģܸ㣬ܸ࡭
ûлش𣬶Ǳȭ˵¹ٸˡ
ȥıӰ¶ϧ֮ɫ˵˲ɶõ˲ţΪãʵǿϧΪʲôЩˣѡƽӹָ֮֮ˣҲˡ
ָָ֮֮ѡ˺
Ҳ
ѡ˴
Լܵγ²ɣҲð֮ա
벻ͨ
̤һ̣ϣ˼ء
ûȥ׸ãֱָ
ʱһֻŸָɳֱȥ
ʱ
˾Ρ
һŮӣη䣬ֹסĲ
ĳһ̣ű˴򿪣̧ͷһۣɫ̱ɷףĹصڵϿ˼ͷΣμ£
Ļʸ˵ޣ㵱ʲô飬岻ȫʬ
ץ˾ʱлС֪һжˡ
ЩС΢ҷκС
Ψе֮£ſܳΪץ˾Եɡ
ܱȫ壬ȫʬѾ붼Ķˡ
ϲͷ絷⣬л¿л¿ūʲôԸ˵
ʱĻ߳˾Ρ
ͷڷѾ˿ҲݺƣһӵĹ򣬾ʹģģ
˾Ȼ𾪣ȴҲ¶˿ɫ
һŵҩͽУϵϢһ󲨶֮ͷɰתڣϵҲѸʧƤ±Ľ¡
Ļʳ˿˵ޡ
֮һӰ߽䣬˹˵¡
Ļʵ֮£Ǻʱ֪ģ
֮ǰ
ĻʼʵΪʲôޣ
¹λӣδ֤Ҿű¡
ĻʿһۣʵڵҶְɣ
ĬƬ̣˵ԣЩ
Ļʰ˰֣˵ˣǰ㲻װˣҹɱҵӣǱҶ֣ᣬشң㵱֮޶ʮ꣬˲˽㣬ܲ˽㣿
ûпڡ
Ļʲû¶ŭ֮ı飬˶٣˵ѣأնɱѹ˼ҽ
˵꣬һתĿ䣬˵ȷһýڣЩ꣬ųλʥͲ֪ʲôǸˣ¡ˡ
ϵıĸӣҧӰ


ͨ˵Ѱһ졣
Գ˵Щ⣬еĳᣬƷϵĹԱҪμӡ
ӦһγᣬΧȴԵüΪ졣
²ôϳȨǣ˲٣ҶϲȨ
һȺУֻվ档
ǵǰ棬пԼ
µļǺ
ĳᣬ˼֮⣬ĻӲ֡
գ͹ûϵϵλ
ͬĳ棬ֻڴ󳯻ϲлῴ澰
ڸղţһ衣
УǰЩӣǿҪ߷һΪӣϸС״ʮ
аᵳӪ˽ų켺ŪȨרְȨ̰ıɱ޹ɱʥ
ÿһ״жӦϸ֤ݣҲֹһ
裬ͻСһʱ
Ҫʡٳ٣ϳͼһһƬ졣
ģҲв١
ȴûһΣƺƴ
֮Ҳʾ֧֡
λӣλվ˳
ģһȨ
ƽƽ
ְƽ꿤
ЩӾ֮ûվʸ
ЩȨһЩҲվ˳
׸ؼ¼ȫԱΪ׵ı;
ʡλˣʡة˾УʡһλɣλС
̫£̫£̫£»£ξ£ҲйԱվ֮УɣУɣ񲿣
ʡ£гһϵţվ
¼޴ڸУĵ̣˾ũ¶Գֲ֮鲻Ȥȥ̲ʡ£һȱ
ʷ̨εȺ嵯Уı˳Ĭ
˶ȨԱһˣԴҲǵһΡ
Ǳ£˳ϣҲһС
ϧûϳһڳ֪Ĵ䣬ֳ£ֵܱܲȻ
˵ĵΪӣûڳʲôϡ
Ϊɣ´顣
Ϊþ߻ɢ֮еѹʡ
ʡ
λǰϣ¶ѻɽ
ǶһۣأĿȻ
Щ£ֱʡ£ܸݸأȨԺѧԸʡλˣ¡
͸ղڳϵһе£ָͬһˡ

Щ£Ǹղų֮µ
˳棬ǵλ࣬Ҳ´ˡ
ڽҵƶ£֣ҽ̬ĳ̶ȣȻдͼı
뵽ղųϵΣв˵ĴҪˡ
ʡһѡ
˳ӦƱػ²
ôµҲܵû
ѵľء
ǾʱӰ߽÷
˼ˣ׷׹
μ

Ҷ࣬һμеĳᡣ
ղų֮ʱǶڵϡ
ߵǰ𼸷·˷ֽ䶪£ƽ˵ộҪడѵһѵһ
¶ɫ˵ˣͱ˵ˣִˣӦôźã
˰֣˵ɣĵӣҪҪŻӦ
һԣ˵Ȼ⣬Ǿͼگ̲ؼʷ̨ȥ˰ɣзɾ͵ظɱ
һ㶣𾪵ɱ
ˣìܡ
ʱ飬޲ÿԴһٴΡ
ʱΪ̲סֳƿ졣
ڳãͷۡ
ûİգҪһˡ
á
ûһĸ
࿴ʵ಻˼𣿡
촽˶˵Ϊ˱̬Ҫõģ͵ظɱͲˣô˵ҲƷ٣ʱ˿ʷ̨Ⱥ´ðɡ
࿴λɣ˵𣬾Ͱ˵İɡ
Ƭ֮گϸӡʶʲôȻ̧ͷ࣬ŭϺꡭ
ʡگոãһλԱҴҵܽ˵λˣˣˣ
ȷˡ
֮ЩڴϵĹԱȨ󣬲ûлظãڹſھۼ
Ǳų֣һ·ǰС
ЩȨʡ£иŵĹԱ
ȻᵯֻⳡжĻ
࣬
ɱ鳼೯٣
˺ĿںţڳϣǲǰУҲϵ
ӸȨԱĸۡϵӿӰеĶ顣
һЩİգ˺ƴҲ󵨵ĸȺ֮󣬳ɤߺ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ӳĴСԺҲһѧӶ飬ߣȺ鼤ܣͬĿںţԺ߳ͬһС
Ǵδƣ󶼶ڼУŲֻźǴǰ¶һ˫۾
ֵϵ̣Ҳ׷׹ϴţ·ˣɣԶԶĿСܡ
һ̣࣬ؼɱ鳼೯١Ŀںš
ʷ̨̲ѾӵʡگҴҵĴǰ
ڶ֮ڣԱҲİ칫ʱעĶ
ִ£һҲһΡ

վڵſڣ¶֮ɫ૵ǰɣģ
ϣȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ૵ǧҪͦסҪñʧ

ټеĸҴ˵ȥ
ǰĽֵѾûһӰ
һжĳ֣տĽֵ𽥱Χˮйͨ
ѹѹȺһͷ
վǰվ
Ǿ䣬ڶȨԼ
վߣ˵侲侲
Ȱ˵Ҳֻͣϡ
Žգң˻֣˵ȥ࣬
࣬
࣬
Ļ£Ⱥ׷Ӧ
ţ
һŭ
ڸϵȺŭˣʵҪ췴ɣ
ûҪ췴ֻҪ೯٣游ɱһƬ
ǰŭûиʵ췴
֮Ⱥȣʵ΢һȺѧӽΧסǱ˽ѵľأҲǣҲǡ
˻֣˽ǿдһߡ
żǰһȭĴźȻ
ĽŷΧȣ֮ڣг
һģһƯСΧһŮģˣЦ֡
ԺڸЩӰľһС˵Цʲô
߽Ժ֮󣬾ͷ·ˡ
Ƿ·
桰࣬Ŀںźôͷܿǲ촽ɵĭֻżԶô
һεϣں͸⣬ָ˿
ſڴĶԺ֮˵ע⡣
˵Ŀ⣬׷˹
ʵԵѹԼˣ̲ס˼Ǻ߽ˣƺûʲôӰ졣
ʮλʦѹͬΪʦǣܹĸܵ
ѹģλʼղһ۵Ůӡ
ϣûκεȴûϵһϢ
ϢǣǺͼλϣһģһϢ
ôеѵˣ
ˣȴԼѾˡ
֪ʦʶ̤֮Ŀ⣬ѰӰ
ܿҵ
Ժڵʯԣ塣
ʲôϲװȻ˽ģʱ˼壬δװͷˡ
ߵߣĮȻĿҪڣȻ֣ŵģˣЩ졣
ߵ濴һۣɫ˲䣬ʧʣ
첽߽ǵϤӰ΢΢һ֮¶ϲɫ
֮⡣
һһֱûгҲ̲ס˽ȥ૵ôôá
Ҳ˽ȥ
ǽȥ֮󣬲ûгûд
ƺЩ̫Ծ
һλҲ಻ס߽˵ôˣҿô¡
λһȨԼٹԱȴþûг
ȴˣںźɤӶˣҲСȥ
ԭĿںţЩʧȥ˸ղŵơ
ڣʵں֮ЩҪȥ֣һˣֹ߳ǣ˵ȥˣˡ
Ļ£Ȼһ𶯣һϸС̳
ΪǲǵʱΧȺǱһȺźɫ׵ʿΧ
ˣȻľ󣬵ȴ֣Χķݶ֮ϣȻһЩӰ

˭ѽˣ
ʲôץ𣿡
ֵİպԺѧӣ֪ܲЩʲôˣڳȨԱȴһ˲ʶǡ
ǱµȻ²Ҫʲô˱֮Ǳ־
˵Ѿ֪Ϥ£ǲ֪»δá
ʱſڣ˶
Ļʴ߳˵Ǻһ尡ȻˣҲʹ졣
΢΢һ֮󣬲ȨǹԱ׷׹ڵأμ£
һ̣ǵУ𾪼ãȻ
ô
ԺѧӺʹֵİգȻʶʵۣǰ˹ˣҲûԥ̹򵹡
ĻʵĿ⣬ɨǰĹԱһۣ˵ʱ䣬ǲŰ칫ʲô͢ٺ»йģȻϲȥţԺҲȥˡ
赭дһ仰ǳ׶ǵĹ;
ԱǹڵϣɪɪӦ
Ļ߻˿̵֮ڣѾѹѹĹһƬ
ߵʯ£Źǰĺʵ˵˵ɣʲô
ͺһۣգǺȿڵѳֳʩȫȻ͢ɷջԹѾãոɧУм֮鿴
˵ʣյߡٷݣɼնĻԹж˾٣ҲΪ˳͢Ϊ¡
Ļʵǵı̫ӣҲΪ˳͢Ϊ£
ĻƽںУȴ׹ߡ
ͬʱתͷ𾪵Ŀǡ
ԶſڵȻ岻ܶѷ˾κˡ
ͺı̫ӣ
ôܣ
ô飬Ȼң
ԺеĹԱȨǣҲ¶˼Ⱦ㵵ı顣
һ̣ʲô࣬ѾҪˡ
ı̫ӣͺı̫ӣ
ô飡
̫ӵ꣬ȥ
ʶ֮ǵУû˾ֻʣˡ
ı̫ӡ
ҲǲˡС
ǣһźƹ࡭²ΪǺͬɣ
УѾ֣ȫȻ֮£ֵʣ˵ʲôôı̫ӣǧҪżĲ԰
Ҳ̽˵ǰʣһļƣǧܱƭ
Ļʿǣ˵ζǣĺ֣ˣڹ㣬ѦѩޣлС񣬶ôҪ޽ôı̫ӵģڳ˵棬һһ˵𣿡
壬ͬʱ̱ȥ
ֻ˵ı̫ӣǻһ˿ϣ
Щһһ˵˵Ѿ֪һУ޽ƱĿܡ
ΪԼˣû뵽ǲ
źĵ£ԺڹŵӰҲһƬ
ˡ
Щιȥ֮ǰԺΨһ뷨
̫ӺӣȻǱµĺӣ̫ӺӣԱµȻͬ
̫Ǳڵǻ֮ǰȻʺΨһã¶ĸ飬ȻҲܱȵġ
ˣҲ̫Ӳ֮󣬳Ƿϣһ׷Ҳ̫ӡ
ı̫ӣͬı棬ͺȻ˹
ǬҲȺ֮С
ɱ飬ôܲۼ֤
ûܼ֤ȴ֤˱ġ
̫ӣȻǸɱģ
һֱУһֵСų
û뵽СųĸȻִ󵨵顣
һ̣˶δĿ־壬Уһε˶Ըĳݡ
ìܵ飬һʱԡ
֮⣬˹ȶ˵ʱһֳַӰ˳żϸɤӣ˵¡ˣı̫ӣﲻ⣬̰֮λΪѺʹ£Ⱥ䡭
ȨԱŴԣҲһãȻ𾪡
ʲôı̫ӣɱ
ԸԺѧӣҲ¶ãȻ֮ɫȻҲûϵĽ
µӻǺҲۡ
Īðһ׮ı̫ӵ飬˶֪Ǻá
ʱǻ¹ټ˵Ժѧӣɱεķϣȥ˵ȣƽ£뺺ıһ޹ϵдá
ͷģȴпܱͷ
˴£ı永ûйϵɾͲˡ
һʱ䣬ȺһƬ
ԩԩ
̫ʱһûôܺı永йϵ
ҶԱĹɼɼţ
˸Ǯģʲô֪ʲô֪ҰǮ˸ǻ𣡡


⣬ҳһƬ
ڣղ֮ڹŵˣˡ
ǼλʦչˣסȫΪ
ĻʿλŮӣ˵ʼҵĳ£Цˡ
Ůû˵ʲôĻʿ˵˳޺úдȻعˡ
˵꣬ŮһۣһӰʧԭء
ŵһĻĵɴ˫ۡ
ŮӼСֵӣЦ˵ûʲôþȵģĻʵۣд˼ֻѰֶΡ


276 ܿ

ŵĿʦʵǱµĶ֣
վ˵ͷ˵ĻʵۣˣѰĵǵĶ֣ڴĵĽ֮ڣʵ޵Ľӽ߾
ŵǵһ˵Щ顣
ɴûһдЩ
Ȼἰ˴£վǬ͵ĸΪϸһЩ˵ȷе˵ʼҲӰټҵһֻ֣һҽΪ⣬УֻҪΪһ֮ں̵ܶʱ֮ڣӵзǳǿ
Ӱټҵ鼮Уƺȥ˹ڻʼҵ
ŵܹ⡣
ʦ˵ʼҵУ򵥵ˡ
˵ʼҸС
ʵ۱ˣƬص־ֻҪΪʵۣܳΪһǿߡ
Խǿ󣬻ʵ۱˵ʵԽǿ
ɱʲôңңɶˡ
˶֪飬ڹ½ĺгȶ
ȻκĻãд۵ġ
һңֻһӵǾǻʵ۱ˣãѾ߱츳
߷ңֿе·ӡ
ĻңҲһѪңңؼ޼ûʲô𣬵Ƚɽ֮󣬺֮Уûгˡ
ʼҵȱݣֹڴˡ
ʵȻӵǿȴûʵƥԪ
ʦžͱĸ˴һ㣬ʵһٶʮ꣬ٻʮ꣬Ҳʲô¡
ʼҵȴͨ˳
ңʵ۵ʵ͹Ȱ󶨡
һ˥ռʵҲӦ͡
ʧ
ѹΪһʵۣһ˳ԵʥҲʼձֵȻеĸ֣ҲĵİھУΪԼʵ㹻š
ŵĳ¿ʦУ̺һ˿Ľ
ᣬѾʮˣٵʮĻʵۡ
ŵ˻񣬶ԻɽͺɽԼɵʦ˹֣˵Ǹλǰǣ˽
֪ͲдǼˡ
ЩʦҲ׷ױȭʮֿ
ڳ⼸գϷǳ
ǺǣС£в֮񣿡
ǰڣҲûаʲôæ
ŵЩʦ׵ʱһߣŴӸղǾ޴ĳлع
˵ô˶ѣ̾ʹ˸˹
ǵˣġ
û뵽࣬ʾ
ĸʻᱻ۹ЮʱȻ֪̫֮ȻǺڱı
ת˲֮䣬Ρ
Ϊ񣬸µˣҲ¡
鷴ת֮죬ת֮󣬼ҲҪһʱܡ
ع֮̿ʵ֪˶Բԣ
˵ͷ
֪Ϊʲôңı׵һ֪жൣ𣡡
ļ˵ǣ㣬ǰߵ£δǺ£»кܶҪæȹȥˣȵЩ飬ٺ͵½͡
Ҳֻܰ˰֣˵ȥȥɡ
ץôˣµȷкܶҪæԤǣĺö죬æҶزˡ
뿪֮ߵŵߣʵһô£֪𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ
˰ȫ̵ģȥȻһ
ǵ½ǿ֮һ
ΪĻʵۣӵߵȨͬʱҲӵϵʵ˭Ǹλã
ڶ£ǲȾָǸλõġ
ǣǱϵʱ𶫹һӦĶղָ֮ͨյȸֶΣ̫ߵһЩԱԼڹŮ١
Щ˵ƷܵͣȴܹӴ̫ӵˡ
˾УɹĺְؼУ̫ÿҪͼ伮
ֱ֣ˣְֻһǾǸ̫ĥī
ڹ㣬ҩζ丮ǣֱܹӽӴ̫ӵճʳ
ǼλڹŮ٣ƽʱҪ̫ӺڹӣÿնܽӴ̫ӡ
˾ץߵǰڹ԰лС͸¶ղ¸ղָ֮ҪһҩͿĨڹӷĲ廨֮ϡ
ڹ԰ƹڹ԰Էһְ𣬾ÿժȡʵĻ䣬ɲ廨ڹӵķ֮ڡ
ҩ޶ģɫζ˽Ӵ̫ԵķӦ
̫ӱзμӴҩۣʹ鲻϶񻯣ҽ鲻
οʱ̫ӸҽҲĳֶ
ĺڹ㣬⼸ڹŮȻˣû취֤Ѳ²⣬ģǺлСһ顣
Щ̫ӵճϢϢأ֪һС
ַͨı̫ӣһǳḶ́ˣ˶ɣΪ̫ڷμ
ʵϣ̫ڷμ
ûǣ̫ӵķμܲΣ
ָ֮˴£վͬһϣҲ޹ġ
ʵŵֻǲ²⣬ûֱӵ֤ݡ
ͨǼȦ֣ƹԺһǷ˴£Ҫܣȴ˶ɥ
ŵҶԣ֮£һķݡ
ŵ֪ӸλΪղµָ֮ΪʲôҪ̫ӣתͶҲ֪ǵô˵ôı̫ӵģòϵǣǵļƻ
ʮ꣬û˷ֶߡ
ŵ֮ǰӣʹ˰ܲɷֵϵҲû뵽ⷽ档
ֱ£ɲμڹ񣬲ڲڷ£һЩߡ
ò˵ǲ߻һ֡
ûз䣬ŵܲ˿쳣
Ƕ
鱾飬㲻ɱǣҲй¶ֺɱڣԽԽ࣬̽ľ桭
˽о֮󣬴̾˿˵ΪһλֵУ
̲ʷ̨ĹԱӵگ֮󣬾ʹҴҸ
ȵǸϵʱѾˡ
ŵĿУ֪ľ˶ЩԼĶ䡣
̫֮ȻǺıģ
ûǴл񣬾˴һ̾
һĿ⿴Ŵ
֮УûбĻӣûǿĸ壬ûгվλҲû֧֣ȴƫƫߵڵλá
Ϊ˻λϧı̫ӣʮڳͷѪ
¾ǲɱǣҲλԵ
õλˣȳ֡
ÿЦǺǣȥʲôĴĪĳΪ˻ʳӣҲǴĻλĵһ˳λ̳ˡ
ɵɵɡ
ʶЩ˵Ĵڣʵʲô
̲ʷ̨ˣǷλگץġ
һץˣѾˡ
ʷة˰֣˵ûʲôҵ·㿴
ʱ
¡
ĳǬη֮ڡ
ժȥ˹ᣬͬһηڴߣĬȻ
ܻʧܡ
ȴķʽʧܡ
һͿأ޷֮
η򿪣һӰ߽Ŀ⾼Ŀʵһжƣ
ȻѾ˵궫һ֤ݣֻҪʣ˸ûĻᡣ
˾鱨֪ܲЩӵж
ǹǲܣΪǽӦ֮ˣһ򾡡
һӰ߽
ǵӰʶһ˿ɫ
һ˲֮ɫͻָ糣ˣҲûʲôµˡ
ĻʿŶˣм֣ӣ
˳ǣһЦ˵ֺα˵أһУǸʽǵ𣿡
ĻʲȻŭһεӣ˵ʲô
ɫ԰ޱȣ޴ѹ£ǿֱ壬ʵѵ𣬵Щ壬ҲǱһһĳֵõʵ۵λãֻЧ¸ʵΪֻɹˣʧˣܿܣ˶ѡ
£ˣȻ˿УԼĺɫɰױ࣬ϡ
ԼҪ˵ʱ˺Ȼصˤڵأѹ˲ϵʹһ뿪ˮ㣬ڴڵĺʿ
ĻĿɨˣʵ֮£˭룿
ʱ˵ĬƬ̣˵еĲ֮ˣѾҴˣֻʣڹʳһڡ
Ļʼʵı̫ӣ˭⣿
˼˵ҡ
Ļʼʵôģ
ѣ˵˸һҩۣ̫ӵķμ𽥼أ˶һЩͼԱǽҩͿĨ̫ӾӴƷ֮ϣʳҩ֮С
Ļʿʵҩ֮أ
ͷ˵Ѿдˡ

Ƭ̺Ļ߳η
߳ʵ£δú
Ļʳ˿˵ȹŰɡ
ˡ
޲ˣ㿴Űɡ
Ļʻ˻֣ԭ𽥵ʧ
߻ηĿϣʵôֵģ
˶ණԱ֮˲ɡ
˵
ϣҲ¶˰û֮ɫȴû˵ʲô
һϣʵڵ궫֮һЩϸڣҪλ¡
αϣ˵ʰɡ
ʵ˵ʱΪղµָ֮ı̫ӵļƻڶĵλͣΪҪ̫ӣ
Ĭ
ʱ򣬵¾ͲҪ뻤žˣлС½һУѹϵġ
̾˵Ǳ
ٴγĬƬ̣˵޶ƣֻܰﱾ¡
ʼ¼˼䣬ʵԱأ
գĹԱ̫࣬Ǹ̫ӣδжõǰ̣ŵǵĸ࣬ңǵļΪвҲҲӡ
룬˵ºգģʮˣһ̫Ӹܣʮ֮ǰѾʧˡ
ٴ̾˿
Ǹʱ׵ľЩˣɹı̫ӣǸʱΪ͸һ顣
ڿǿֻѡ
ʱһ¹ԱҴҵܽη˵ˣˣָ֮Ծˣ
ԣȻվʧʲô˵ʲô
Ƭ̺󣬴һڹԱ߽һη
ƷԱǵ궫Ҫη˵ηͬ
ηǽڣúҲûз֮ĶžĥҲκμƷǵڴԾ
˿̵ľηǽǣһ˿Ѫ
µĹԱ֮ߵߣ˵ˣǷԾǰӦ֪һΪ˱ĥηԾˡ
һߵηڣűȥűȥ
ߵηſڣ˵Űɡ
Ÿոմ򿪣˳ûߣǳһηη֮ڣܿʹʹ֮Ǳ㰡
һ¹Աʵˣʬ壬δã
ͷۣ˵ȸ֪°ɡ
Ƭ֮Ρ
ηһӰʱȻվץηդ˵ǲ֪ı̫ӵ飬ǣ
֪Ȼı󰸣϶ѡ
Ҳġ
˰޹أĵλַͬѰĳ͢ô
˵ýƱˣѾϣı֮Ҳв룬򣬽ôټλʦż𱾹ٵĿڣ
ԭأƬ̺󣬸դָ˵㲻ҪѪˣҲ֪飬ʮǰҸʶǣҪ£Ҽ£
ҡҡͷ˵ûռ㣬͵Ļȥ̫ӽͰɣ̫ӻ㡭
һʱûзӦ
̫Ѿʮˣô̫ӽͣ
ĹԱ˵ı̫ӣ治ն󡭡

ΪҲϣĿŭ־ֵĿűǿдߡ
η֮ڣļλʦҲþֵĿ⿴
Ȼҳӣȴһ츳ߵġ
Ҷкܴϣ
Ȼɱ
Ŀǵʱ˵ͬʱһ£ʦӣͨһڵϣʲô֪


277 ˫˫ͻ
¡
֮ڡ
һλ¹Ա߽˵ˣѾ
λҵʦڵϣһɫɷһƬ
ǿҵ콾һλϣȻôɱˣ
治ҵı
λʦʵᵽζ
ȡһƿڵϣƽ˵ƿмŵҩҪôԣҪô
λʦԥֺżƿеöҩ
ǿ˼ʮ꣬òײųΪʦûԸ
Ȼ֪ʲôҩʲôҩһնҪõĶࡣ
ֻˣƿеĵҩȴֻĿš
ҵģ
ȿģ
ҵĵҩ

ΪĿŵҩλΪʦǵƦåһԭŹ
գҩˣԥĽҩ̽С
ֻʣһˣڵϣ
ʱȡһССĴƿеһöҩӸĿɨһֲۣûˣʲô
λߵһʱ佫ҩ¡
ȻڣǻĸܵŵҩڣǵڣһЩ̫Ķ
һ̽ʵˣǳԵģʲôҩ
ûнֻͣվԭصȴ
һϢ
Ϣ
Ϣ
Ϣ֮λʦɫһ䣬ȺڵأƤ֮µѪܱһ㣬ҵ䶯Ҳڵϣʹ
һʹ飬еʹ࣬Ȳϴ˿ʹһ
ǱõӣһƬһƬĹϵѪ⡣
Ƭ̹򣬼˵ȫͱˮʪ͸
ϣҲһƬʪۡ
ʹ󣬼ڵϣһûˡ
ӸµĿǣڵһηʱ䣬ʮ֮󣬴˶ÿʮշһΣÿһγʱ䶼ǰһθãҲʹܷ࣬õҩͿʮյıˡ
˱˴˶ӣн̾һ
ȻģˣǸûбѡ
һӰѵĴӵڵأ˵ԸΪЧȮ֮ͣ
⼸Ҳ׷Ч£ǰԸΪЧȮ֮ͣ

µηѾΪ
⣬ҲѾ׻Ȼ
Ŀ֮£Ȩ󣬸Աɿѧӣ֮ǰļǱɱȥġ
˭뵽ֳ˴̣ȴǽԼͺͽ˴¡
ͺв¼ĳȨ󣬴˿Ҳڴµηдš
ԺֶΣǣ䵽ӭǵģʲôĽ֡
ʼһŰλӡ
´˿̹λ
ѾΪλӣ֪δá
Ƿ׷ߵͷ޲۴¡
ڴ£Ѿ˶²⡣
ŷһֲ²ǣͺ֪˴׷鵱궫İӣҪ֮ɱڣû뵽շԼȥ

֪Ϣʱŵϵ鶼ˡ
ʲô
̫֮Ǻıģ
ʳΪв֮˶ץˣ
Ϣʵ𣿡

¿ȷϴ£ľþö˵
ᣬλľ֣ȴһ˵ûС
Ǳһ亹
ӦһڣӦڴµȲ裬顣
˵ʵǴĶˡ
ϳ˲֪ٿҪ˵ǲܵġ
Ҫÿеƺ֮û޵֣ƶԼĻӦ
ãŻع񣬻ϵġ֮µãҪ鰡
˿̡
ʡ
λҲѾ֪顣
ڵ궫ɰͬʱ࿴һۣ˵϶ıһУ㵹ǶһˣϷڻɣҲɱҿġ
˵ң͵ĿУɫ
˿˵úݵһаΪö֮ӳã¹Ѻ˼ˣһΣҪѪɺˡ
Ŀ࣬ʵ̳ĵ𣿡
ڳʮ꣬ۿһߵڵλá
һӲмڸʲôıƣĪ
Ϊӵǳа
κ飬ӲֶΣΪĿģ˵伫һС£Ҳ뷽跨䷢ӳļֵ
ο׮ı󰸣˽⣬㹻֤ݡ
ֻˮȻǲġ
ҲȷʵˣλӣʮλȨϰλԱڱڴ֮Уá
ҵĻҪҡ
иҪλãĹԱ
ⲻһһϦɵģҪСʱʼȷнʿǽ볯֮󣬻ҪøֶκԴ֤ǲ͵Ҫλá
ҪʮľӪӰ졣
ڣڳӰ죬ʮľӪһ䣬ȫӪµˡ
Ŀ΢΢˵ʮˣ֮һûʮλͬҪҵĸ
£¹ٴ߽
Ϊ׵Ļ¹ֳַǶҶһȻŵگ治ı̫ӣ֮λΪ񡭡Ϊӣܣȡ֮Ȩ̫һŴȫȨ飬ʡȫϡ
ֽӹʥּǻ¹ٿǣ˵λˣ飬º²鰸ʱʡϣ򣬿ܻиصĺ
˵꣬˰ڷתȥ
ʡԱվ棬ޱȡ
˭Ҳûϵ֮£˴ķתصĺ
λӣλᣬλȨֻʣ´λ
¹ŵЩȨԱ֪δá
ţԣղ¼ĹԱԺ󶼲ȥˡ
Ȼֻ赭дһ仰ȴԱǰ̡
º;׸ĹԱ̶ζţеĹԱᱻ
ʡ£йԱҪù
ʡԣλˣڻڴ£ԶҲˡ
Ȼ˵ùˡ
һΣϰٸְճлвƷƷҪְ϶Ҫкܶ˵ݲȥ
ж˱ְж١
ֻᣬʮҲδһΡ
һ뵽ٵпԼʡĹԱá
ڸöĸʱӰ߽ʡ
ǴµĹԱλԳӭӡ
¸ոּҪʡϴ²鰸µĹԱȻСĶԴ
ɹ˹֣ʵλͬʡкҪ£
䲢ûкףżɽ˵Ҫ⼸е˵ߡӡ
λɶһۣƤ̲ס£չأҪϸܵģôƻأԺ˭һ㵯
ϲ鵱̫һŹκһ֮ˣЩԱпͺı̫ӵͬʡи㡭
µĹԱܿ뿪
뿪֮ʱ˼ٷ¡
Ǹɺ֣̫ܳǴıͬı棬ʡĹأǰòò
Ǽֲѱ²ǿһѲصñӡ
һΣиĹԱҪˡ
عƣλϵĹԱǶ٣Ƕ
һοճôλã͢Ĵ˲ȴԶԶôЩλãʱһͷ۵顭
ף뺺ǿֿɺޡ
úõģﰡ

ŵǰķ䣬˼
ϸղŶһǸղŴʦ֮һ
ĻƫӦѾնˡ
ˣŵ䶯ɱ䶯ֻ࣬һ졣
£Ϸɱһλʦӵ϶ֹһ죬Ϊľһ죬ʦҪź
ǶԷԼǿص
λʦŵĹϵǺܴܼҲ
ģǶԺĴá
λһƷӶΪġ
ݷҵ伮ŵҲ£ӾΪӵֱľƿġ
ŵЩ಻סȥ¿
Ӹղſʼ﷢һ仰Ҳû˵
ŵߵǰ֣ʵҪҪȥ¿
˿վ˵߰ɡ
׼ֻǣһٵʱ⻹Щӡ
ܿ飬뿪¡
Ĵ£䱸ʮɭϣ£ΧһֻӬѷɳ
ڣеηΪعԱյηǺԩˡ
ŵһλ¹Աһ
ղűʥּѾ˴£ڿʼѾΪˣҲ˼Ȩ
ץԱȨҪܴµĵ飬ȷǺ͵İ޹أȻ뿪
ŵڴһλ¹Ա߹˵ǹȥ
ŵͰ÷߳˵ãӣǲģоһӡɡ
ŵͰߵǰһдõдʡ
һӡоͻʽЧ
дʣŵǰĲͬдɫľϵġ
ǺĴý
Ǳµ׶ӣǷҲֻǱ˾λĽУǱסˡ
ˣ嶼øһۡ
Ĵɷû˻ͻʵЩ
ڸǰŵҲûкÿġ
˵ֻһ̣ܶһΪģڷ˵ҲҪʽС
Ű֣Ŵӡо·
ӡʱϵ֣̾ͷ˱仯
Щӣûаʲôİӣǿάǧͷӡ
һ˲䣬ǧ״γǧ֮
һλӣһǧ죬
ΪҲڿٵ
ҵΪͺԵģһİӣҲڶʱڣֱ۸ܵΪı仯
˰Ӱʵ̫ǣʵ̫㡣
ɱԳƵǴĽİӡ
Ϊһ٣һֻܴͨһΪ仯жԼһдһʮһһǸ֪ķΧҪջۣԵı仯
־󰸣һٵΪĻϣһδһǧΪ仯ǲһĹˡ
ΪḶ́ԡ
ϣҲԵΪ
ұŵĸԡ
ŵֻãڵѸܿһԵϣҲֻ谭һ˲Ȼͱ˳ͻơ
𽥼ֱƽϢ
·𿴵һƬΪء
֮·ͻףʱ̵ģȻǴӵľ
뾳֮ǰḶ́ѵġ
һԽԽ׵Ĵ
Ȼô̵ʱ֮ڣʹӵͻƵ˵ľŵǾãƺЩ
ӵҪ̶ȣȫӵͻƵľһкܴģȴֻǿͻƵľֻԤһЧ
ӣĲ̶ȷǳߣ˵ӦõųϣʮԲĹ͡
⣿
Ĳ̶Ȳײ㣬ʲôԵĵط
ŵܿͲ˼ˡ
Ŀ⣬ֱĿ
յ۾ǰһСʧ÷֮ڡ
һ̣ƾŵǰ֡
ҵ徳Ӧе̣ǿƶһξ룬Լϣسɴ磬ͻʵ۱µ˲ʧͬ
ľ͵徳ƿ֮
ͬһӣ𵽵ãŵСջȴŵöࡣ
Ҳû취
˭ˣҲˡ
ǰŵԲ뵽һ徳ģȻǰ
ҲĽ
ǱҲϰˡ
׻кܶҪæŵͰ𣬻صУ˿ŵͰܾǳȥһˣͱĲһˡ
վĿ⣬ͣһ˲Ƕͻˣ
ŵЦЦ˵ʲôʦ𡭡
վٴδǼۣЩп˵УȷҪࡣ
ܿŵͻˣΪڵϢ֮ǰһ۾ܿΪ
һλСȫˡ
ͷңȫͬʦôΣҲһۿ͸ҵĸ߾ǿߣֻҪԷΣѸ֪ˡ
˶ڰͻƣֻ΢΢Щ졣
Щܲˣɴ۾ŰʵͻƵ徳ˣ
˵ı飬°ͣ˵ŵĻԡ
˰ŰɵĹ˹һɷΧ֮ʱȻǰһ˲֮ſڡ
а˼ΣÿһֻҪͻᱻ뿪
һεʱûбߣȴԭأһָҲܶˡ
ŵĺЦڵİǰûз֮
˸ҵ徳ֶΡ
ʦС
ҵ徳Ѿ㹻֮뾳͵ߣȫǽά
˵ˣĸˣڵİҲ޿κΡ
Ȼʦޱۺ񣬰Ҳκβ
ߵǰ˳Ц˵ã
򲻹ˣֻôӱķһسӣ֮˫ֲͦ˵ʲôãұӦýн㣡
˳ǣͬͦصˣ
˱ԭͦصĶײĺ촽˶ȴʲôû˵ֱͦҲȥ


278 
ԲȨԱץ֮½Ϣ˳
ѾʽּΪƽ˵ĺжȹ
Ȼ뵱֮ûйϵҲܵǣ˼ʸûʲôⷢĻԺҲֻһɢүˡ
ͬʱηɱϢҲܿ촫档
궫֮ı֮һǱҲΪ
Ծ˵
µУпܻᱻд١
ˣҲʹ˰ݡ
ʬ壬ڲпڣʬա
ļˣҲһʱ£ȻڱٱʬʾڣҲⲻ˵ġ
ƷԱʵȨԱ֮һȴ䵽˾أʵꡣ
ڣڹѺеĹԱȨǣޱȡ
УѾ˸Ѫͷ
˵ĵһܳҲ˴¼
ƫƫ䵽һЩۣ԰Ȼ뿪
£ĳη֮ڡ
ληڻվһĻ
Ͳź
࣬࣬Լ嵽ˣ
˵ôǣ
ʲôûв뵱궫֮ôɣ
Ȼ˼㣬ǵУȴġ
һƷҲƷһʸ񣬸ο˼Уʵ۴ƣǱҲɱǡ
ĳһ̣ηĴű˴򿪣һ¹Ավ棬˵롣
ͦ߳ηλ¹Աһ֮ڡ
⴦䲼õΪǰһϣдšĸ֣·һų¹Щƣкܴ
ĵ֮ϣĵ̺ĳ裬ҲΪ
һƷ壬ȻרѶȨĵطǵһ
м䣬һŰӡ
ԹԵϣʵرʲôʱ򣿡
֮˵·֮鵱̫һҪ⣬ϣʵش𡣡
üİӣر£̫һûκιϵ
ƽ˵Ϊ֪ٲ鵽˵궫Բżٽ֮Ҫ𱾹ٵĿڣȻ뵱֮޹أΪҪ˴¼
촽˶һʱ֪ô˵
ûЩֻ࣬ɱѡ
ȨǺĶԹɲһˣһã˭ҹȻȨȺԣ
仰棬ô˵ڣ
ܲ˵ΪᵳӪ˽ų켺ŪȨרְȨ̰ıɱ޹ɱʥҪΪ飬һ
ɤӣ˵Ǵˣ϶֪İӣ뱾޹أҲǱˡ
˵ǣô˵ģ
һ㶣ʵ˵ʲô
ľľ˵˵ı̫ӵҩۣṩģԴôͣ
һȻվݺ̫ӣԱʲôô˭λԱ˵һģûôɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ΪʲôҪı̫ӣֻпԼ֪ˡ
̵Ҫʣ
Ѿ͵ˡ
ˣɱ̫ıĴ㲻Ϊһ֮ʣ͸ǰ참Ҫ֤ݵģ
еľľĿĮȻĿ˵ѵˣǺóһ֮ʣ˶ı֮ġ
ʲô
һʶʲôһ⣬˲β׵ֱ­ָ㣬㣬ǱҪ£Ҫ£
ºæġ
׻ˣ˵ǴһƷĿǴûȨңҪ䣡
Ѿּ˰ɴȫȨ˵㵹ѱˣһ䡭
Ҳؽˡ
䣬µĹԱ
һ֧ǩ˵Ӣı̫ӣıѺпڣն
ǹ˽ǲ
Ŀ⿴ʵⲻ𣿡
촽΢һʱԶԡ
֪
ҲûһԼϡ
Ӱǰסĸ첲ƴǿ㲻ɱҡˣƣƣң
ߵǰ˵Ʋı棬ѵ֪𣿡
𾪺Ϳ־У˻֣˵߰ɡ

ĳпڡ
ΪĲпڣﲻ˵ĵط
ٸż﹫̡
˴Ⱥۼ֮أ̣𵽾ʾãһ˵ֻзĳЩ󰸵Żᱻ͵
ָ֮ʬ壬˿̾͹·İգפһơ
ƷľЩĹٽߵһλԱˡ
ˣÿһʱᱻʬһΣı˵ʾڱʬܱȻǧеĺá
ƷԱôˣ
ı˵ƷԱһƷҲͷأ岻
벻ͨ벻ͨǰڶλҲͣôᱳ̫أ
˭֪أЩ뷨ܹģ
۷׷ʱһԶʻ˹
ͨͬǣܣɫʵ˿Ρ
ʲô
ΪʲôΧˣ
֪˼ʮ꣬ͷһμ
һͷˮҲмʶ֮ˣȵ춼ϲϡ
ɫʣ˵ϵķȨ
Ȩ󣬻ǵλߵȨ֮ϣƣǿе桪Ȼʲô档
Ȩͨ˵ڷ档
̶
ọ̈̄Ȩǲᱻǿġ
õĵҲīҵܹɽı
п̵λãѾΧ
򿪣һͷŻɫӰӳϴѺ֮ڡ
ֱµһλԱдʣǲ̵֪ģȻ
ѽȨеȨֻһȼ˵ĸ游ȵۣ£塣
̵ԭı档
ܴһλΨһɡ
ıƶⲻˡ
˵ı̫ӵİӣдնҲǳİǣһμʼ˱ն
һȨֻлѪ
ȴĻʼˡ
ûϷеġˡҲûʲôٷͻȻ¼նһ£䣬ĳһ֮ϣһ̲Ѫ
Ǭɬ촽𶯲ѡ
һ̣߸ϵȨУƺҲôηˡ
ԭȨҲһҲѪҲ
ʬףܿ챻ߡ
Ȼﱻնɥ£ðһĹ졣
ϣɢȥûע⵽ϵѪһۿɼٶȣٵصס


279 Ѫɺ
ʱŵҲȺ֮С
֣·
Ϊ񣬺ǬؼĶͥҲؽ˴£ÿԽӵİӷһס
ǿƣҲҳ͢Ҫ
·пڵʱÿնס
ȻҲ˶֮ŵҲǸ֪˿̣û˼顣
Ŀ⣬űڲпڵһʬס
ڴԾʬʾڡ
ϣȴûгĻ
ĪǣǱԩģ
²̫ܣ궫֮˵ζܼҵָ֮Ⱥ𵽵ûҪ˭޹޹ġ
ѵǴ»ûУ
ûʽУĻ񣬵ȷڷϳ֡
ݺ棬ŵٴ¡
״˻󰸣ŵûдţһλĴ£÷
÷ϣżѾ᰸ľڡ
һǺģһģһݾǾġ
ȻˣǸе̣һ١
ǹְһߣף
̷ϵ壬ָǸؼؼ
Ķ廹ҪһЩҲɱ޹ڷǰŬ£ΧС˺ܶ࣬Ƿ²ˡһҲֻɱֱϵѪס
壬ѾǼصĳͷˡ
ʵ󵽾壬йϵһ
ˡ
ѾУҲˣȴûгڷϡ
ӵзôãŵǵһֹ¡
УȻʲô֪ԭ
ŵҪҾļˣȴ֪ڸղţӺͶӣҲڴµηзԾˡ
ʱһӰ߽ǣʵôˣ
飬̫棬˺͸ףŵҲ֪ôڣûᾩ飬͸˵⡣
ӳȡһݾڣ˵ǺǬ֤ʣӣȷƺģ֤ȥʡگƽ
ŵӹڣǽһжǵʮܵ
˹ɵлл
ݸһӣ˵»кܶҪæԱ鲻Լȥɣӣ빬ƾ֤
⼸죬¶æŵûټң뿪£ֱʡȥ
飬£ʡڻʹ֮ڣһǽȥġ
빬ƣŵ˺׾ͽ˻ʹ
ֻĽҪڹſڣܴС
ⲢΪ˱ʵۣΪ˱ʡĹԱ
ģûܴɱ˻ʵۡ
ȻҲֻ߸ʽĸ֣нûֻڶͬ׸ʱ𣬶Ըͨˣòϱġ
ڻʹУ˴ΧһУĳһ̣Ȼŵ㻹޷ң
ŵܰһֱ޹ġ
ûٿڣͷ·һЩӵĸܡ
ʱ䣬ƴУʦУҲܱ
ڣߣѾи˱ˡ
ԼҲбԼʵ
Ȼʧȥ˷򣬲ҶδЩã
ʡ빬ſڲԶ˺ܿʡǰ
λɣںҶ£˶õϢӭŵ˵֮ûκԥ˵ǳ͢ĴӦةûʲôҪ󣿡
ŵ룬˵ʱ˰ķз˾֪ʡܳһگ飬Ѹȫǣø֪ࡣ
ʡگ飬ɲ㷢ģдİӣԼĸľھˣֵõʡگ
ԥһ˲Ҳֻһ˲
ͷ˵ӦõģӦõġ
ŵֵһ¡
ʵ뽲
ŵȻģǿƣܻܲ͢ң

ڳôֻ꣬͢ƣû˴ӳ͢ҪƵġ
ûû
˵˵Ҫ󣬺
Ȼд˵İӣ˼ұòǿƣƺӦû˼ҡ
Ǿﲻԡ
ܿ죬ʶȻһƣǴִһ飬͢ǿƻǲҪһ黹ȥ
ⲻӦÿǵ⣬λɴһ÷߳ӭȥСλ˵˼䡣
ŵܿܵĿ⣬
λߣǰ׷룬һλ񳣬һֺƵĸоһĿŭһͲǺƢ
ãܳʡˣô𾴵ˣȻѲ³
Ҷ࣬ĳ۷塣
ѵõǣǲӸλǵ徳ǿߣǳǰգǼ𾴡
һεѹ
ŵڣһֶԶĵѹ
ҵȻǹѹȻͱ׺
ŵ̾ϢľΪǲշ硣
˵徳ͲԶ¶Ϊ
λ߶һۣӶԷпɫ
ҵľΪ֮ϣʵѵá
Щ˵Ѳ޷ҵϢֻҥԡ
Ŀߣŵϴһڵ񰡣񣬺ʱ̫ˡ
һλƵߣҲһֱŵĿ䣬·ĳֻ䡣
ߵŵߣʵҪƣ
ŵ֪λ࣬ռη壬˵ȻǱԩģǿƱԲãΪʲôҪ
ۣҡͷһջأͻǲٻģҲû취㡣
ʱŵ߳ʹ
̾˿͢ôҲ᲻
Ȼﻹӣʧȥһ飬ȴԶزˡ
ʡڡ
Źŵķ˵СӣԸһǸƺ«ôôһӡ
ʱһԱ߽˵ˣ䣬ƽְ򣴨ˣˣ̡
λԣǵһ
ɱ˰
һҪѵ˶ɱ˰ɣ
Щ֣Ŀ⶯˶ʵأ
ǹԱı档
촽˶ƺԼ˵ȥòŵ˵Щˣ˵ı̫֮
λɵͷŵ档
˭ʵۣĵȨȻȨʲôı̫ӣ
λˣʮǰŸյɣʲôı̫ӣ
ľͲ˵ˣ򣴨Ÿոռ̳еľλʮ̫꣬꣬꣬һĺӣôı棿
Ȼ򣴨СµУȴ飬νлڡ
һΣû취ͨκηʽˡ
ǽƣıǰһɶá
Ѳ˻ɣǲڹ˽𡭡
ԣ軳ɣǹ˽


280 ˻ϲ
գĲпڣÿ춼Ŷӱնס
ɱ֮ˣ˲Ĵ
ȨиλԱ䣬ˡƷһƷȨƷƷĴ٣ںƷµĹԱǲ
Щˣͳͳǣ˵Ķһı̫֮¡
ô˵ġ
ǲǣ֪
ı̫ӣ𲽵ı϶֪ԽԽãôܻô˲룬ǽı֮켺ͬ졣
ĳֽǶ˵ĺָܶأȷؼпһѪġ
⼸յıʲôų켺ŪȨרְȨ̰ıɱ޹ûһԩġ
ֻϧԼǬµУɱصĶĶĶࡣ
Լİѱ͵
ЩȨ͹ԱҲΪǣ
ͺһЩɲͳ˴׵ĸ
˶ȨɱʣµȨȦӣȴı˳Ĭ
ʹ֮УһЩλ͵Ŀȴûһ˸ΪЩ˵
̶죬λɱʱ˭ðͷ֮ˣһͬñӣնĿܾǡ
֮˿ڣһҪԭ
ǾǶΪʲôû˵
˴飬²֪ܲɱȨ󣬱ȴûֹʵѾ̬ȡ
࡯֣Ȼʲô֮٣ʵ췴ûбϵ𣬶ǿеıȱ¶ԳЭ
ЩǱУǰ֣ºܶѾˣôϻλġ
ε󣬿ûٸ֮ȱʲô顣
ֱɵʷ̨ϣȻûбֳĬҲԵĵ˼ߡӣûжڴº͹ſڡ
һ棬ȻƣӵкȻĹԱҲɱ
ȻǲҲû
ΪΪ£Ը
Ϊ˾ȨԼʷֱɵ
ΣȨΣҪԶһȨ
ֻһˣ֮һг鳾
ȨľλȴǿԴഫġ
һλ֮ߴȨһλǿԴ˴Ϊı֮ﱻɱǵľλͻᱻ͢ջأ޷ٴȥ
һʱ֮ڰꡣ
飬ʡ̲ʷ̨Ҳ
ֻԡ
ʡڣλ壬˶˽һֽϣ˵Ǵ½մȨ͹Ա
ֽ˿ֽ֮£˵ة˾УɣУɡһ̣һ˺ܾðɣ
ȨԱʲô˶ɱ
ƽƽλΪıﱻնƽ붫֮޹أѾͷš
ְͷأƽ꿤ȴȻѾŻ˸ۡ
λˣ䣬²ֹԱû˹ְͬʱҲԴҲһֹԱֻǰձµ˼չְ
ɱ˭ɱ˭ƺȫƾ顣
ϸоͻᷢһЩɡ
ĳǣı󰸣ƽ룬ְҲ֮һ
ʮǶһ׮ı永С
ʱƶ׮ı永ģңЩնϵĹԱҡ
̶̼죬ҾӪ˼ʮĳãͱɱƬײ
ңҲ߳˴ĳõȨࡣ
ಢûлش⣬˵ôĹԱѾӰ쵽˳͢תһЩϳ䣬ƷϵȱλҲѡ¹Ŀ
˵ͷڵôλõĿȱȱ²ˣµüһƾ٣¼ȡһЩʿԱʱ֮衭

⼸գºæ
ĹԱҲͨﵩ
ղĹԱ˱£˶ȥ˹ְʮ꺮ٳΪλӰ
ɶǣУոڲпڱնס
ȱλôԱҪ̵ʱ֮ڣЩȱλϡ
æµæµԱȴܼ
ڳాô꣬ڿһ˿⡣
ڳΪ٣ȻҪû˸ҪҪλãЩӵռݣ˺Ⱦָ
ǶˣλȻ˳
ͱ緽ƹ̣ҵҵڰ빿˶ʮľƷƹ̣ΪⱲӶˣȻֱӴӾƷƷ
Ĺͣٻ顣
͢ʵû취ˣмԱ̫࣬ܶҪλöȱλǾܸأЩãةٵξһߣף貹䡣
ǿճλãʱһЩСϣȺ͢һš
еͲĹԱԼĹԱ϶һ̶Ŵ
Աζõ˽Ļᡣ
ϧƹ̣ڵĻҲ̵һƷĹְ
ȻЩͼԱΣ޷ҲǵƷƷ
ԭְͲ͵мԱονһ졣
ɱˣʡǱߴϢ˵мλá
Ʒְλ˵Ľ˳͢ࡣ
еѾܲˣ˵á
࣬µĹԱȫΨ˶ӵλûȥ
ɥӣڱ֮У˳٣飬Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ԣڣΨһ¼ĸ߼Ա
ˣı汻ɱһλҲǣΨʺϽλõˡ
⻹Ψһϲ¡
˵һС檣ѾУ̫ҽ϶оųɵĿǶӡ
⣬˵
һĶӣȴܹɱ֮λо䣬˵ǻ¡
ΪһӵΪЩˡ
飬ʡҲѸȫǣǼӣֻ֣֮γ͢ƸΣҲЩڰοԵĿǡ
֮յĳֳһֻơ
ɥµİɥ£ϲµİϲ£һڳϷ׷ǴΪ켺ǨڱﰵЦ
ԺѧӣҲ˷ܲѡ
Ѿӳ֤͢ʵһϢΪĹԱֲ̫࣬͢Ҫһƾ٣¼ȡҲԶ
ζŸĻᣬһЩ£нʿѧӣҲ볯Ϊٵϣ
һʱ֪Ǹл


281 

ŵոʦλʦ㡣
ȻǶס죬һλʥþӳѱ²¼ɣʦ˸ǡ
ƺҲЩ½ǿ߼䣬һĬϵĹء
ÿһλǿߣԼء
ǲϣһλͬǿߣԼϾ
ʦŵ˺¡
⼸գֱæĲɿ
Ǳ߸ɱˣ¸ɥ£ɱʬһ
ǵɥ£ú졣
ΪµУɥĹ񣬿϶Ҫ󽵼Ȼ̼һ㣬ܲס˶ࡣ
ЩԱɥ£Ѿ˲ˣЩȨ鶼æλ䣬һλةЩµĹԱҲٻء
ŵǲȥǵĸϵģǸɱģȥŵ䣬Ҳ̫ˣҲÿһ˼Ҽĸܡ
ֻںµȰš
⼸գµĹԱǣҲЩ顣
ЩϳĿУŵżȻ֪һЩ¡
ȷе˵ǵйظ׵顣
ٳһЩԱĲҪƶһϵеı䷨
ƾٸƣȡλУȡȨȨĶ䷨
ڰնԣ䷨ǻģ׮׮Ȩҵ棬꣬Ȩƶһ׮ı󰸡
գʮλ¿ƽʿֻ˸һˡ
ѡͬţűסǨ
ôĹԱȨ󣬲ܶ˶֮ɱģǡǡǵ갸Ĳ֮ˣˣȫͷš
⵱Ȼɺϡ
ƽȵɷЩȨǣһһȫնˣ϶޹ġ
ֻɱǵֶΣֶΡ
ֶΣҲǷ
ԷҵĽǶΪǲϹصģڴ˽ĵ£ܸķʽɱˣκΪΪ
ҲǷҵһʹڡ
޷ңûЩǡ
ֻ߽еߵľ磬ȫѭз־磬ڵİԶԶﲻ
ĳֽǶɱôˣŵ¡
ҵ˵徳֮ΪԽ
ʵϣľ֮Ϊͼ仺ˡ
ȻӵΪûм٣ƾҪΪȴ֮ǰʮϣͨİӣû취۵ġ
ɱһЩ̰Ȩ֮ģܼӿС
ǣŶ֮ĵĶȨѾ챻ɱˣŵɱģȻࡣ
òϵһʵǣ޷ҵĵ·ϣľǸס
̵ǣ׻޷ҵġ
ЩҪǶҵ֪ܼӶӶΪ
ȻŵҲֻǻһ¡
ĿǰЩȨûа취ģƣԾλ̣Ҫǣ÷֮İ취

붫Ѿȥ˰¡
ֱ죬пڲŻָ徻û˱Ƴնˡ
£⴦пڣνѪɺӣϵʯ壬ϴ࣬ϴϴ
ĵ棬ѾϴɫǳϴǬ·ƺҲŵһɵѪζ
µʱ䣬а˱նס
УȨռһ룬ԱռһС롣
ıǰǲǿֻƷƷĴԱһͬʣ˵ɱɱ
ûܵǣȨǣҲΣڼңͣ´µǰһıñӡ
ƺһƬѪɫķΧС
İգȴһܡ
пÿ춼ֿƽЩ߸ϵȨԱмһۣû뵽һ죬ǾȻҿЩŶӱԴ
ǲŲЩûвı档
ЩȨǣµУ飬һһҲǱѪծ䵽أֻʹ졣
ڶһϣ¶ЩȨԱνݡ
ԵĴӷȴԵøݡ
ǵ궼вȵԭѾȥĴӷ׷ΣڻŵڹŮ٣ҲֻǣŹǵļˡ
ҪдҲΪ
ڴ˰Щ̫ʵ
Ǻ壬ﵽ˱ϣЩȨҲͻܲɷֵĹϵҪɱˣʼѪͲʣˡ
ȻˣǬ඼ֻؼҲǴڴ˴¼Уѵõıֳʴȵһ档
ع飬ȨҼ䵳ںĽУһͿء
ʧȥһУʮλȨɥпڣҷֵĹԱڴ˴¼У⵽Ѫϴ̶̰£ʹӶԳӰңӰҡ
ҪٵһУֻա
ҪָյĻԻͣҪٸʮꡣ
ݴ¸ĽۣĶ֮Ҳв룬ٽЩҺͺĹϵҲмֿš
ɱ͢Ҳûҡ
ͬģҶԼһԱ⵽ϴҲʼձ˳Ĭ
˭֪飬ԶԶûн
˵ֻǴҵ
ε¼Ǿҵĸ
ֲƽģǸĲΡ
ʹ
԰УӰ塣
ĻʵӣűȰǰ࣬˼Ƭ̣һöӣ˵˰ɣ
ּ
Ļһڲ裬˵һΣײ棬Ȼʱ̣վһ޴
һӣ˵ˣºβ֣ǬĨȥңȥ˺֮ǣ
Ļʿһ²豭Ϊ㹹һȫң㲻Ҫ޿ɻҪ
壬ٿڡ
֪˶ãĻ˿˵Ϊ޲ֻһңҲˣϼһΪǣңңԹۣʱ򣬱Ȼ´ң༸ŹĻᣬĿ޵ϡ
Ŀ䣬Զ˵ǧûһ֮Ҳˡ


282 
ء
Ӷ볤ǧ֮ء
Ѿǧ꣬ԽؼݣΧݵӰ죬Ѹٹ̣ڳ֮͢ϡ
˳͢Ĺѧ֮⣬Ժҳ޽ؽƸ
͢ĹѧҪȡ߰ѧѡ
ҵԺȡκηãԺѧӣÿ»õһʲƵĲ
⣬ѧϰõıīֽ⣬һӦĲģԺṩ
ƾٵıãҲһе
Ժѧӣֻһ񣬾ѧϰգμӿƾ١
ȻҪҵԺҲס
ԺƶҲãʿҲգֻҪʴӱĺӣܽҵԺͶԺǿнʿҲĳһò¡
ҵ鲼ģеƹʷ£ȴԺѧѡȡ
ǿ˽ʿܵõĺô
ڳ꣬ʡ£мǿڹٳ֮ƽƣһ·ҡֱϡ
ЩˣǶ黹٣СҶݣӸλ֮ȻֻᷴңʹԶڽȴܲٿ볯͢Ӱġ
ӶĹԱõĺôǳ͢ٺ»ʮ࣬ȻΨհ
⼸ݵͨգֻ֪ң֪ʼҡ
ǴӳʳסУ벻ҡ
ֵҵĵأҵĹȥҵĵ̣ȥԺҪҵҽݣȥ֮õҲҵ̵Ĺײġ
ʵ۶⼸ݵİ˵ǺңԶ飬һӶܼ
ǧ汲ǶҵӰ֮¡
سǣΡĳǽԱȼ糤
ڵĸ֮⣬ҵġ
һ̻ԻͣʹĽȺ䣬ڽڡ
ǽڡ
ȥİ£ңһɼѹֵķΧС
ҵϣݺݳһơ
үնףǽҵ棬׵Ĳڵϡ
үǶʧô򵥡
ҵ츳һλʮʦпǼλ֮ҵһλʥ
һλʥĻʵۣȻȡʤҲڲ֮ء
⽫ʵһ۷塣
ڣŶүػ۷ϣ
ˣһϵĹԱ⵽ѪϴһʣնҺͳ͢ϵ
ʮŬһ
Ǹĳ֮ʱҲܹĴ
˿̣֮ڡ
һλŴֲˣվ£λӣ˵ҪҺġ
λϵĻĿ⾼ĿʵǺˣ˭ģ
ӵͨΪʲô
ǰ֮ˣãƽƽ棬֪
ϵôµģȻ
΢΢һЦ˵Ҫָϵˣ޹ģȱ裬ϢϢŭ
̧һָһµƯб峺Ĳˮһֻ觱С
觱ƯҼǰ
Ŀ⿴µˣϵı档
һָյı£Ƕô˲ľ
𾪵ǣղŵĹУûиܵ˿
˲ߡ
ߣȴӵֳ֮϶ĳһҵˣЩֶа죬ò
ӹ豭ϣ£ʵʲô
˵һ⡣
ӿ˵ҵ⣬ר˴ˣȥү
ҡҡͷ˵ˣҪҺģǽǮ⡣
Ҽ˵㲻ѻĸһЩ
˵ҶүնʾڣһĹԱҲɱһǬʮϰŬһѵľʹ˰ݣ
ҼȻһӣվŭ㵽˵ʲô
飬Ѿкܾá
ʲôı棬ȫ֮
ǧҴûбô۸
дĻʵۣҵ첻ĵطԴҲ޿κΡ
˵ûвı̫ӣⲻǴĻʵ۴ѹҵĽڣλʥһܱȣαҪ
ҼĿһ˵
ûаʥĻʵôҲˡ
λʥȻʼһһλô۸Ǻûаʥʲô
ʵô
ЦЦ˵Ļʵۻӹ޵üкʹΪǧҴ壬ԸĿŰܿ࣬û¸ĸգ
ҼʵҪ췴
˵ҵ£Ҳ췴ģһԴ췴
Ҽûлش
仰ȻûҲôĵĻǣû췴ʵ
ĻʵۣɲһƺǴǿߣλ֣ҲǴĻʵ۵Ķ֡
οȥλ棬ҵ볯͢ȣֵһᡣ
ƺ뷨˵ģȻһԣңǻȥһһ˵ʵ۷壬Ļʵ֮λĪ
Ҽüͷʵʲôô
ЦЦ˵ǲں˭ʵۣԻλҲû˿֮ģ֮԰ңֻǸȡѡ
ҼʶʲôĶˣ𾪵ݺң
ûзϣʵ⣬
Ҽ¶֮ɫ
ǱңܻỳɶԷġ
ݺңһоͺܺˡ
ǵȷԻλȤݺҾʤǧ֮⣬˳֮УóٿؾƣҲǵзʽ
´ңǴʹ¹һֻҪб䣬ݺҶܴлþ޴洦
֮伣ô꣬ҲΪԭ
սʱڣݺҴչ֣ҳΪ½ôġ
ֹͣսʼϢʱݺûʩչĻᣬͿʼһת䡣
ǿʼָȨλ췴ı棬ڻλУ֮桭
ʧܣҲȫˣһᶫɽ
ǲݵĹһһؼëҲʹݺҳΪ˹
ݺɹĿҲ١
ҼΪ⶯ݺҵǵΪۣһλ߾ݺң˶һ֮
ԸԼҲпһ죿
ߣ
ҼҪڴӦʱһߵȻը졣
Ҽһָ̻ѡ
ǰƾճֵһӰڣ
˵һ˿Ѫ߿ּ˵ļͲҪŪˡ
ҼȻ̧ͷĿˡ
ݺӵƿ֮һȡܲٿ˵˼룬徳ΪȻӰ죬˵˵ΪҲе徳
˲˲ǵѪ˿߹˹֣˵ƣѷ꣬ѣȻ⣬ˡ
Ҫ߳ʱߺȻڵš


283 ķ

س֮ڡ
ŴֲˣҴ߳ĴָһǣĴָϵһ˿Ѫȥ
Ȼ糤ҲǴĵڶسǣǡмӵ̷
ſĽֵһ·ǰУ;֮ˣʶΪÿһ·
߹ֵ߽һҿջƿ¥ĳţһλŵڴǰŽֵϵ
ߵǰ֣˵ʤǳ£ִһʱʹӱĵط
ջߣʵô˵
˵ұɻʼң󣬵ҪֻϺ³ƾһԶԶġ
ӵܴǧ꣬Ȼдǧĵʮİգǿ²֡
ЦЦ˵ҲãҲգǽʱ˳µһ壬õĻܴܲǲҲб
ӵļ˵Ȼʧˣȴ˸õĻᣬӮ˵߰ɣλȥʦµİš

ʱ䣬ֵ÷зĶƽϢ
˰Ӱ죬ûн
ʡѾʽگӰһƾ٣Ҵ˽ƾ٣¼ȡʿ
ⳡƾ٣Ƕٰģ¼ȡƽƾٵ
ԺѧӶַˡ
֮޹صģȴпܳ׸ıǵˡ
ԭƾһ֮ģʿԵһƾϣĻᡣ
ⶼøлһˡ
գԺѧǣ̫˼
ͬĵģнµٵĳ
ʲôûɣĪľ˹٣ʡʵȨԱһʮ·˭ܲģ
ǳöҶڰɥ£ǲ̫˵ʲôҲҪϯף
ԳȨ˵£ľսİ¡
Ȩɱͷ¶Դ˸Ƿβܣ˭һԼ
ֲܡ
û£ҪˣһηǱӵñӣɱпܡ
Ǹ˾ó顣
ڴ᰸֮󣬳ǰδеȨǨ¼
ʮҴСȨ󣬼ڳʲټǨء
ֻҪڳһ죬ǾͲ
ε¼˼ӰȨȨȨȨڳƣҲûаȫС
Ȼޱȷܹܺõ⻨á
ãҲҪȥ顣
Ϊԭû취ҵģҲޱʵʮľԼãԺζĿԣط˭鷸ƣֱţɴ´á
£ͳþƴ䡣
Ӱգ㶦
Ϊʣļӣÿĸ¡
УıҵĴ޼Һҡ
ĸϵŮԼȢ˴ϵŮ
ֻҲңȻҲڳΪ٣Ĳ뵳֮࣬ûйԱ룬Ҳδյǣ
Ϊɢ볯ֵʱᶼױԡ
ʵ֣ϣϣ¬ϣ֮͹ĳ׹ϵ
֣ŮԶϣ֮ŮưǼ޵¬ҡ
λУֻдûʲô
ĸһλŮûĸ
ЩΪɨȨ·ϵ谭ǰ㶦ľ棬Ҳһֵ졣
ֻһʹôڳ֮ϣεƿȨ
仹ǳλ˭ܵȨ۲ݡ


ʳڳܡ
ĳŷҪĳӣձҲضá
˿̣֮ڣƷ˿ϸϸƷζ֮ҡͷУȻſԣζһЩܻ᲻ϲ´μǵٷЩΡ
ҡҡͷֿ֮ʼƷһѡ
ʱһΣҪһգǿζ⣬Ҫһա
һΰʮѡ
ʮѡ˿ζʵһѣ޲Ѱãʳ֮У߳˵ȥ¡

鷿
µѾˣ鷿֮ڣΪů¯ãܲһ㺮⣬һҡȣһַҳ
뵽·飬һεĸо
ĪûˣλʵܣҲȡ˼ʸ
Щ꣬ͺʹֶþȥҲûԼԽԽ
ʲôûȴһҹʹﵽ۷塣
ֻҪٶ͹޶ˡ
Ҷ
ʢñâ
ö
͹ӣҪǵ˻ʵۣķǵû
ֻõȡ
͹Ѿʮˣʮ
ᣬơ
оĳ֮ƺЧ˵ܽ͹㰾Ҳܰʱȥ
飬һҳģɽۻ
ĳһ̣Ȼ̧ͷԺһ⻮
⼸ΣαƣǱֱ
Ψмӣ
һֱã
ͺ
ֱ˫˫̨ʶһֱһˡ

һλŻӣһȵУһ̵ֻĻü̷˹Ĳϵš
ḧ˸üԴüֻ̧ͷ˿Ȼͷʳ
ȵʳеĵȣᣬ߿ա
ϵĻҳ˵޳
ʵһֱǵһ֡
ʲԸȨʱԽãԼϴλϣԽã
ԣŴ
ӵ޻һΣ漣
ɱһңһεǼ޻ɹˣıʹʧء
һǽǣУʹúչ˷ı
ķչȴҲƿء
һȻΪһӣ֮֮£Ҳǣ˽Ȼ࣬ɱۣΪƶһϵѪϴһգ֮һ
ȻҲ֪ΪΣһĸо

鷿һһһ˹еʮƣֵȼ˼ֻ㣬֮ǰ
ܼҴ߽˵үһţ˵Ǹүġ


284 ˵

ŵͼˣոմμҲμӼ
εļ磬һеľۻᣬΪף˸
ѾУˡ
ƷƷ
ڴģƷϵĹԱһǽȻͬĸ
ƷϵĴְƷƷһ㶼ɢְλ
ǵƷ׺ܸߣٺ»٣ճȴ࣬Ǳ飬ʷලලԱûжʵȨ
ƷϵְƷƷһĸٺ٣˶Դܶ࣬ʵȨԱھԵá
ŵΪƷĺةϳʸûУ˵˾ɥܣ˵ʱȹܻ˵ʱࡣ
뼶ﵽƷǾǳеȲٵļˡ
˵Ҳˡ
һͬ
ǵ꣬һƾٵһƾٵһô꣬ȻĲࡣ
ΪͻΪ
ӳõ׸Ǻܳ·ߡ
γΰԱãʴΪ½ư԰ǶʽµֵǰδеǬ
Щʵʵ֣۾üı仯ûκ֮
ְ档
Ϊһ֮Ͻ飬ССûжϵʲôţʲô£Ҳܸմ⡣
ŵܼ˵Ѿʡߡˡ
˵ûã㣬ƻ񶫹ĹͣƷȥƷĴ֣Ǵ´ġ
µĲ£ʵģǸʹݶǸĹԱдʣΨһŵ㣬ܾʱɣõʱ
ص֮ŵַ˻ˡ
ʱ䣬ڳ
ǰʱ䣬ƻ̫ʣͺͷ˺ϵУҲܵǣ
ҪΪѡһЩʦͺҹݺȥ˽ϣһΪ£Ϊܻ
ʵǿסǸʱʦЩʦ򣬿϶ܱ֤ǵİȫ
˵ʱֻһţŵͰȥʱѾ뿪ˡ
Щӣŵڵڷġ
Ůӹ⣬Ѳ˵ġ
̻֮Һ۸ĳ̶ȣȳҪʤһޱȷḻλ˶
ǴΣ˿񣬴֮Ķ͸ŵģһֹƵҡ
ҵĹʮ־£ζҲһֵŵζ˽ŵ˵ūڽѧĴ弼գϣܹϲ
ŵң˵ԺҪߣǰ˵һЩӣǶΪǵġ
˷Ƶĵͷ˫ֽһ˵ū֪ˡ
ֵŵ巢飬Ҳټ⣬ҹϣ˵лл
ŷ˻ط˵ˣѵ壬ŵиʱӺͰ
ԴϴθĦ˼֮󣬰ͶİĦˡ
ÿ̲ϴ󣬶Ҫŵɷɡ
ֻŰţͻַˡ
ÿϣǺӰһ˯ڰӰ֮£ڲǰôߺͺڰ˯Ժ͵͵굽Ļ
Ѿһѵõĸı䣬ŵԤУ̹죬ѾԶˡ
ԹҪȻ󣬴һЩ顣
Ժŵָһᣬʵͷڷôã˵ʲô
˺ͷˣûκιͬİãֲѧ廨壬ŵܺ˵ʲô˵ôá
˰һۣûŮӼ˵һˣҪʡ
ŵҲû׷ʣĬĬ߿
˵Ͳ˵һʷ˾ˡ
ʶ˵ʱ䣬ɱöˡ
˿̣
˹ˡ
˹þò
δ˹Ưˣ
һЩˣĺк
յѷյ
̨Ȩһһ¥ԺʧȥеĿɽȻҲûյĵλڳڶãһδ֪֮
Ϊǣı棬ĲҵҲ⣬Ⱥ򻧲á
ĹģȻǣʵ̫ˡ
һȨƣȻﵽ۷壬˸ǡ
ĸƽʱסģȻ˫ûйүĹϵĬϵʵ
һССĺ֮ӣ͸ΣѾһȥ
ǺˣڼʱҲÿͿ
˶΢Цʾ⣬¥߽Լķ䣬һӰѾˡ
˹ţСʵôˣ
һϣôؼʱܵʲô
˽͵ǰʱ䣬һλʥ±ߡ
ʲôµģСеĹǿʥֻҪ㲻˹˭ΪˮĴûᣬȻڳ
Ƴһۣ˵䲻ڳ飬һû£¥ԺѾǳûƿأŴӳ͢ǲѣʱ򣬺׾ܽĹȫǵˡ
˵ͷ˵㵱ŵˣһ֡
һת˵ֻϧЩ˺ôŽЩ˰ŽЩҪĸۡպдãû뵽ɱôĿ꣬Ŭݻ˰
˸Լ˱裬˵еñʧܲʲô¶ռˣӳԶε飬ԶԶڱס
ٴε˵ͷ˵⵹ǣ֮󣬴ĵľƣˣĹϵԽƣԽĻʵʱ޶ˣǴλĳãҲٿأʱǻȡ鱨飬׾١
Ŀ⿴ˣ¶ο֮ɫ˵Ȼ֮٣ȡõĳɹҲ㡣
˶豭ƲˣΪ˿ҵİɣ
ҡͷȻǡ
ŷˣ˵ľƾ䣬˴ֲ֮ǰһЩƻҲҪĻϣһҪҪ㣬񣬿Ҳֻ
Ŀ
˵ΨһĶӼ谮ŵպȻӸλԽӴĺĻܣҪ취ΪٷˣֻܻľΡ
ۣ
˵ɴ۾һڲˮȻ


285 ĴͲ

¥䡣
ЩǱĲ˲ǵĲˮʵģ
һۣ˵ûں㿪Цⲻҵ˼İţô㲻Ը⣿
ŷˣȰݣҪΪЩޣǲܵģŵȻʲôҲȨ֮ӣ״ԪƷòŻ˼Ǹ檣Ҳί㡣
˺˿ˮѹѹ˵ҿǿǡ
ⲻͬ⣬滨˶ٴǣΪľǽգûѡء
˰һۣ˵Ϊôý𣬻ŶأҾΪɡ
Ƭ̺ջϣת߽䡣
ǹһ˿ȣк˲֪С
ƺҲ

ŵںһϵĹؼҳԷ
ϴˣԷʹһɫ߽鷿Ƭ̺󣬷˴߽ʵū£
ŵõľķ֮һϡ
Ϊľ֮Ҳõ˵͵ˡ
ˣʵ˵ʲôˣ˵ôã
תͷһۣ˵ⲻðɣҴӦˣܵġ
ûŵ˵ʲôһת˵Ҹ㣬ǧҪˡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵İɣҵϵġ
С˵ϲһˣǸи֪֮Ӧô죬ҵ
˵Ļôһ˲䣬ŵԼͣһģȫĸо
ЦĿʵӸղʲôо
ŵԺһƬհףʶĻصʲôʲôо
Ц˵ǲǾԺһƬհףֹͣĸо
ŵˣǰʲôûĸоʶͷ˿
˵񣬷·𿴴һУ˵ϰɣǺҪģ޸˱ˣ϶ܣõģϲ˾㡭
ŵ˿
ʵôǲ˿
ŵڰѷ˽нˣʷ˵ģڱɷˡ
ЦЦ˵ûʲô˺ͼ˳һģһҪ㣬Ҳ޸ˣ֮飬ûʲô˼ġ
ŵƿߣٺͷ˶ӡ
ֲϹܿģҲܿ
˵УǲǳڼеģҲҪе˼
Ͼһ棬ʹμңҪӣǸʱϲ
ʼգеģһ޹صռ
֮Զ֮ᣬһΪ
һ棬ҲΪͼ˵Ĺϵ
飬ϵмˣĸμҡ
Ǻͷһ𣬶Ⱥһס
˵ôõĹˣ϶ҪһӣҲżճɾ޷ʱѡ
ÿ̧ͷͷȻ˶ղĲ£Ͼûн
飬Ӷû취ᡣ
зˣܹߡ
֪˶ã뿪䣬ոߵԺӣͱһԺӣԼ䡣
úøϣĿŷˣʵ˵ʲôصģ˸ϡ
˵㻹͵
һ˵ѡ
˵ʵҲûʲôң˵ʲôǻһԣѹִСͶ»Լ鶼һģһ
̽ʵûиɣ
˵Ҹ˰˵ϲ
˵ɴ۾ּ㣬ôӦҲ߱˵ģ
Դ˵Уãϲʹ󵨵˵ȥʲô˼ҪаһھͲںסһԺӡ
˵ͷŽż⣬Ƭ̺ʵ˵ʲôˣ
˿˵ڻش֮ǰȸңϲˣΪеģҲҪС
˸ش𣬷Ὣʳָ촽ϣȻ˵ȱŻش룬˵
룬촽˶ȴʲôû˵
֣ԼҲ֪𰸡
Ϊμ˼޸˻ᵯٻửдʫ츳ϼԾûκȱ״Ԫϲ
ֻߣ߶У
˵Ĵ𰸺Ҫ˵ɡ
˳ĬƬ̧̣ͷʵô˵
˵䣬ɫ΢죬ıס˷ˣԴؿڣ˵˽㣬á
洫˽㣬Һͼ˽ȥ֣ȥȥ
˿ˣʵȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ȥɣһҪ
Ƭ̺Ů֣߳
ͬʱɻ飬߽˴¡
ǷѾ͵üˣΪʲôûһ㶯
·֪˹Щ£ӦԹչı
⼸գȴʲôû
ѵǣԼ
һŻΪ˱ʾ⣬½͡
ʱڣ̧ͷһۣеľڣվ˹֣˵£֪£Ϊ£
̽ʵ͵Ƿţ˿յ
˵ͷ˵յˡ
룬˵Īǲű
ûпڡ
ָ죬˵ǲţԶ췢ģϴγ֮⣬ɱǵĴ̿ͣǱɵģкͺǴΣͬڼ޻аٻñ׺䣬ú
˵ͷ˵֪
΢΢һ㶣֪
֪
ɴ۾֪ĵ̣ץˣ
˵βǣĺ֮Ůܸ°ŵİɣɽɷһڳҲǵĻָʹ
Զԣ£
ΪԼĺأôЩ֪
һ˵ôܣ֪ʲôĺ֮ŮҲʶʲôɷɷģֻˣҪˣڱ֮˵ˣˡ
˵䣬ת뿪
߳µʱĥһ㶫
֪ǹڱǷץˡǹģ
Ϻ꣡
аһվڶֵĽǶȣֲòϣһ
ԼҲǵˣɶԸԼ˻ʲô
ԼȻһֱû뵽һ㡣
Ĳࡣ
˵ٶЩ
ͣſʱڣһ˵Ļ㱨üͷ૵ʲôȥ˴£̸ãʲô̸ġ


286 ١
ʡ
ǰʱ䣬ϴãٹԱٿͷʡܵӰС
һϵλˣı֮նʾ֮⣬ûԱܵǣ
һԭԱδж
һԭ浱࣬ǴĶʦ
ȻʦĹϵڶʮǰѣ׻һڡ
ʡĹԱûбǣǳ
ηɱһλˣλá
ԱԽʡΪĿ꣬Ϊڳ֮ϣӵкܴľȨ
ֻƷĹְƷٵϵߡӣҲǵͷ
־Ȩǿ¥
ǾֻǴ䣬ӵɱȨǵȨ޷ΪԼ̫档
ԶĽˣװ׼ôһˡ
ʡ棬λɣһλͬˣλ
ھ׸ãȴһ졣
ܵǧգϽ
ипĽһ£һԴµߡʱʶһɵֱ壬Ŀ
ȻӵжǷͨȨͬʱҲԴ˸Σǳ©пܷⵯ
ҪԱߡǵԴ
ߡӣǴġ
ٸʡߡӣͨ˾ɱʲôˣظ͢͡
ߡӻԳ飬һ㶼Ķйء
˾Ķӽ֮顣
ֱ񶨰ѡѾĶϱˡ
һΣ£Ϊ˸Ķ빦
У佫ƵĹͣȫƵԼӵϣҪʡĶ١
˵ģȷǴһ
ϴ٣Ź¡
Ǳ¿ƽʿҲҪ꣬ܵǨĻᣬƷײߵ£ƷƷ£Ҫϡ
٣ЩòǨĹԱ
٣϶
鷳ǣԵĽߡӵȥ
£λҲò⣬ֽߡתΪࡣ
Ŵ£ߵ÷ſʱÿһλ߱߹ͣ½Ų΢΢ˡ
һ߽ͬ÷˺Ѿ˹£ǰǷµȥ˵ˣǴ˵ߡӣҵò⣬˲ö
ֽӹֵ֮ݸࡣ
ɨһۣٵٶȣɱˡ
аŵٵٶȣȻȵҪ죬Ϊ꣬ûôһĵ
£֮ŵƵ𣬻ǿаϵĹͣ
ɵڶ֮¸ʡһϸı棬ةȷ˹ؼãʹ˰ļӣĲУҲǵ˺֮żȻֹ»ةΣִӺµİ빿ҵ˵ĶԱ¼з˶ߣ˵û֮δơ
룬˵˵ʺ̲ˡ
ɸ͵ةư֮ϣȷų˲߱츳ķһҲģ򣬳͢û취
ĬƬ̣˵Ǹӣȷóưȥ̲Ҳã̲С
û˵꣬Ͱ˰֣˵ϷΪɣȥ̲ĵɣҪҸУóΰģ
ĥһԣҲûе
͢ίιԱʱᾡıΡ
ͬһţвͬɣͬĹԱ໥ƺ⣬׳һãһ񣬴ϵ£ͬһѿأ͢޷ֵ
̲ʹ£ʵҲⷽԼ
ŵ̲ĴСԱϵǸӶˣŵĸףԵĹҲԱĵĿֻš
Ȼǲڳȶġ
ĬϵĹأԭΪ˷ֹЩҰѿس
䲻ңͬȷ͢ɹ鷳
˴һʼԸ˷飬ҲΪ״Ԫ볯úĲá
״ԪԱɣҲöġ
ͷҲǳ͢Ҫصԭʵ˾ãӦʲôְλ
ƷʹƷͬƷĹԱʵȨŵĺĹԱ
룬˵Ȼ뷽跨٣ˣ𣬽ةĹٽףƷ

¡
ŵʡگ͵ˡ
گǸگ
Ϊ˼νƻ񶫹ľ޴ףʡĹٽһƷɴƷƷ
֮Ǻة
ΪةĹٽףҲһ
ǰĺةǴƷĹְڱƷ
ĳһְĽλһɲ䣬ʱʱ½йְĽλκةĹٽױ仯ŵôô
֮ǰ˰ɥ¡
֮Ǹ˰ɥ¡
ְûκεı仯
ˣȴûһ
ŵɻɣڹ
Ҫ鲢ѣŵܼһ飬ܿͲ˸Դڡ
µĹٽһƷģ˱֮⣬ҲֻҶȨ
ͬʱŵ֪ԱɣҲľ
ŵ࣬Ҳֻһ棬λ಻ŭˣ̲סҵࣿ
ܼεĿһ˵үûү
ŵĿܼҼ͵ɱĽʿ඼ĵӣЩ꣬һЩӣҲүϡ


287 
ŵĹˣûȫ
Ĺְһˡ
˭뵽͢Ĳ
ԵҲ̫ˡ
ڻǧҲôżȥ̲
Ӱ֪̲ûʲôӣ̲Ҳֻ˸ľڣԼȥ̲ˡ
ŵȥˣҲûж
ÿͻһѶȣָ
ģҵ徳ֻλ
һλǰ
һλ̲顣
ܳΪ̲ĹԱڷϣӵһļӳɣ̲ʹ䣬ֻҪñְɱ޹ıΪȲġ
ˣ̲Ҳʮ꣬е徳
մ˺Ĺ⣬ҲҪʮʮܴ꣬ﵽΪ
ǽ춯صĴ󰸣ⱲӶ޷ͻƵ
ŵΪһȥ̲Щôġ
Ǵĸףɱ˭ɱ˭ȴҲ뵱ʲôپ͵ʲô١
ͬʱλ࣬ӵĵλһ漣
ɣƷԱ֮ǵʡ̡
ֻҪ಻ͬ⣬Ͳܰɡ
ɲǺ֮
ӵҵ徳ΪǴĹٵ۷壬ǴѧؼԱľ֧ĵӣȫӵкȻĳ
ݵλǱ¶þ֣׸ô
ةõһʱ䡣
б´ѺةΪƷƷҪŵһֱȥҲ޷
Ӻ»ʱŵǰվһСӰ
ŵߵǰʵˣ
Ȼ˵ͷ
ŵʵԺʲô𣿡
Ȼݿүеġ
ĸףǵ궫Ĵӷ
˰ʱڵЩԱļˣû׷ܱ̲ʱͷš
ѾԹĺŮΪвʹĺͷ
ڹĺ֮𽥸һΪӯ̰٣ս踸֮ɱ
ŵһЩ̲ȴܾˡ
̲ʱҲһ룬Ȼ࣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ǿŵҲûм֡
ûŵ˵ʲôȻڵϣŵ˼ͷ˵үĴ£Ȼû±ţүĶ顣
ܻ죬Ϊү
׷˲ˡƶ񲻷ֵдүүûɱչˡ
޳Ӧһ̷үңүĶ¡
־Լûдүߵʸ
վ󣬽˽Сŵһۣת߽ãã֮С
ŵ̾λĴҹ㣬;ⶣҲһĹ
ݾ볤ǧһŮӣܲܰȻȥ⡣
ҵϻƣһлݡ
ܰģҲЩˡ

ཫةĹٽףɴƷƷ
飬ܿʹ˸š
ٽ׵ı䶯Ȼʱ֮ЩͷһΡ
ôضĳԵɡ
еԭֻ˰գʹʡ
ҪŶΪةĶ١
ٳ꣬δҲ̫ˣ˭ƽ⣬ڳ꣬ٳٶòϳ
Ȩƣͺ̨֮󣬴ﵽһµ۷塣
ٽ趫λӣɱȨԱ֮δʹ֡
գֽĿͶ˹
ĳ֮ϣڹȻʹԵˣһֶֻù
ΪʡֱЭû뵽ַ֣ͨʽ˻˴¡
಻࣬һΪ˿˼ӳ購Ȩƣһ£һѧӺ͹Աеĵλࡣ
һĶӸλͬԳİѿأ»ࡣ
ڣʡסĵߡ

ةǴƷƷϣһЩϢĲϻܣüͷԽԽ
գµһЩԱ⵽˾ĵ顣
ˣѾ֤ؽ˾Ρ
ֻһˣֻɡ
ʮȺ󱻲飬ȻǴô򵥡
Щ꣬һֱֻ̲ڰвٿأεȨ粨еõı
ûжֵĻᡣ
һΣΪʲôȻìͷָ
뵽ǰգȥ£̸ãУһֲõԤС
Īˣ飬ڱٿأȥ¸֪
ǻԹѾãûҪ飬ǲȥġ
ѵı鵽һЩߣ
Ŀ΢߰һλԵף˲֪еĶÿζܳɹļ޻
ΪӣԶᷢ֡
벻ȻµԼ
ô޷ͨ˼ã˵һ쵽׺˵ʲô

˾ڴĹԱͷһ˾һһȻ˹ע
գǺڣʼԹһϵĹԱ֣Ȼס
ڳеĴڸкܵͣʹҲûʲôĦȻԵÿζ֣ܻĳö֮ɣĿġ
ץ˿ʼɶңǶԳĹԱ˵ɲһ¡
ڣ˴ӴµĹԱ̽һڷ硣
˵˴£ָ췢ģ׿ڷ˴ɱһ£ҽìͷָ˹ʾһжǹĻָʹ޻
µĹԱ˵췢ĺܶ
ʱǼӣֵ÷з˾֪
˵ģǾͲִԹˡ
𰡣Ҳ֤϶Ҳưոݣȫܡ
µĻر۾վ˵С㣬㾹Ҳѧ˻ˮȻˣǾͱˡ

һֱڹעĶ˾ڶԹ֣һʱ֪ˡ
ƾһţš
ǵԳ档
Ϻ꣬ƽװһ޺Ӳ̫ӣʵޱȣȻƭˡ
Ą̊́ܵڶɲ
һ޻Լڱ붼Ҫ룬ɲôױɱεġ
ȻϲϣһĶ֡
еʱһӰ첽߽С˵˼䡣
üͷһʲôݺûʣȻǵ鷳
ӵ涼ڴǵڴǰݹıһңôԹ֣ǹı
ŭʲôݣҪĻָʹӳˣ˵û
˵ôġ
һ£ʶʲô¶Ȼ֮ɫ૵ǡǲֱˣ


288 ˵Ի
͹ˡ
øովһޱ䣬ɰգתΪ㶦һ£е㣬㿪ʼ
ƵĹԷ׷ԱԷĲҵ˿֡
֪䣬ϴδɱһҵĴ̿ͣǹɵġ
ùһϵĹԱ⵽˴ǿұ
ڣʡҲ֡
еĹأץˣÿζгֵɣǲɱ֣ðɱֶννǷ˳ôɡ
ԴˣҲ޶ԡ
ʲôʵ˴¡
ҲȥߴǾıɵˣƺҲϴ塣
ֻܽìͷָһֱԩŭ֮£ȻΡ
ڡ
һĻıϰĻƿһУȵʹĲˣٴĻ߳ʤ֡
ôûϵȻӵƵһòǰ¶
Ҳֱӵ£֮ļƻ״ҡ
ߣһʿʵ£ҪҪ
˰֣˵ˣ˵а˰٣һǧջǴѾˣȥʧֻԽԽ࡭
¶ɫ૵̫Ծǲʲôˣ

¶Ȼ֮ɫ૵ԭˡ
ûлӦǷţǵţٱϢ϶Ҳ˷ųȥġ
һɶԹ֣Ϊϴɣֻ鷳
ȻˣȻһ
ǰûʱ򣬾Ǹʵһ
ŶԽԽ࣬ȴԽԽ
׿̸ܰ﴾һУߵһƵǶıʿ
ҪսȻǶݺҡ
ΪѾѧܶණˣǲ֪̤Ȧףһǣűߡ
״Ԫʱʮ꣬ȵ꣬һ뢣˽Ⲣࡣ
кȻޱȵĺ棬ߵӵȥϣ
ЩҪĶ֣ʮȫǰҲϣûϸ
ܿ죬ӱһľڽ
򿪾ڣһҳҳķϵıʱʱȻʱĬʱૣʱüͷʱ̾
һηڵʱһЩǰԵĶ
֮ǰһɨݣ˿ϸµĸ
ã࣬Ҳµ塣
ε¼⵹˴λ֣ĳˣ¾
ʱϵĳͬԳ
ʮڵȵᣬегˡ
˵Ҳԣ˵̸Ҳûһ򵥵ĴȥԳƵһۡ
һݾڣ˿
ݾڿ꣬ʹ졣
Ȼʹ죬뵽ݡ
뵽ԼЩΪʹ죬ǽǵı֮ϵġ
¾ڣĬһ˼ϣѧһЩ
˼ʱ뵽һԼԵ顣
ɽɷʮأ֪˲࣬Ϊʲô֪
ɫģڹ

¡
ŵ칫æ춼ûʱˡ
ٽףʹڣһЩ߽ʹߣ½ִﳤ
ҪЩ˵ʳסУÿףҪæһЩ
æЩܱȸ˰ɥҪá
ҪæһЩΪҪдģǴĵ壬мǿԼһЩСҵʹš
½ÿһʹڴᡣ
ٰ죬εľٰǴġ
ʹڴҪĿģǿ½֮ĶԻȫţóҪ磬һ۹ʶ
ĿģǼսУս
ѲսʱϢΪԸ߱սʹڴᡣ
ƽʱֻʹڳ
ʹڴڼ䣬ɳǿʹţ۶һ˵ⶼҲҪ⽻
ȵһ߽ʹţѾСʱˡ
ܼûš
ڵŵѾҪˡ
ľߣƲķ徳ҲƬ̣ȵԮ
ǵ徳ʦҲڳΡ
֣ҹѲߡ
߳ʱŵվ
ɻʵʲô
˵·ĹԱ˵㻹ûãҲûʲô飬һؼҡ
Ȼŵͷһ߻ȥ
˱߱ģ⣬ºȻȿգһʧȥƽ⣬ŵʱסһ»ˤĹǺ
ŵʵôˣ
˳Żһ½ü¶ʹ֮ɫ˵˵ˡ
·Ҳ˵ţŵ
ŮӣܺͼԼôá
ŵʵ𣿡
˳ʧȥƽ⣬ŵ
ŵεĶ£˵ɡ
Ƭ̺ŵŷڽϣһ·˵ĲĿ
λ֪˰
ǣұˣҲԸ⡣
״Ԫɺķ˹ܣˣ˵ûϵŰ
ƽλˣһ¡

ȻЩ˵ŵԶ˲ŸۣΪͻƵľ֮ĺ
ҥ̫࣬ŵЩѾˡ
Ѿ˾ˣֻͷ˳ϦദϤĲϤڽϣܵѹȣŵһ˼ûС
ŷˣǱӻǰһȻ
Ǽˣ֮ճϼŵΪģµˡ
ǱʶŵѾ׽֮һ
صӺͰںŵŷ˵飬׷ǰơ
ʵ΢˽ŶѣϢȬ
׵࣬˵ȥһλŮҽɣҽһΣܿܺá
˰˰֣˵һСˣ鷳ˡ
ȥŮҽҪй֣ȷЩ鷳Ȼŵ˵๫ǻ֮㰴һӦöԻָкô
ŵ˰һۡ
ǰǺܷŷ˵ģôһںˣ
ŵĿӣ˱糣ƺҲʲôס
˶˴ֱۣ˵㵽ва
֪˸ʲôԻˣŵŮˡ
ŵʼ磬˵ֻҪԸ⣬ν
˵ͷЩ˼˵Ǿ鷳ˡ


289 ͨ
ҽҵ֮ȷ𵽻ѪʹЧ
˾ҽңõĹУʹҽЧͼӰʱȬ
ûҪˡ
ֻãúķʲô
ҪҽҪʮ
ŵԸ㣬üΡ
ŵŷԼķ䣬ӺͰҲǷģȻûиš
ˣһʱ͸˹
ŵ÷ڴߣѵЬࡣ
˵˫Űϸ壬ϸֺС磬ͬһУָͿŷۺɫޢ
ӺͰûͿָ׵ϰߣһȻȥε˵㣬һָо
ſţŵ£˴һˮ˵ĽˮС
ִ˫ŵһ̣ŵ΢Ĳ˲
ŮӵĽţǺ˽ܵĲλˣܱԿ˵
˻ǻƻŮַӦҲ
ŵڵǴҲûʲôñܻģ˵ĽźǬŵһͽĽóëǬ
˿ڴͷŵ˿˵ҿʼˣʼܻеۣһ㣬ˡ
˺˵ͷ
ŵַŤλã˵üͷ΢΢ƺǸܵһЩʹŵĶüͷչ΢죬鿴Щܡ
վڴ߿ţҲܺ棬ôŵʲôо
ֻŵͷʧߵʱ
ÿԼ֮˯ر㡣
š
˺Ȼһ߽ŵֲһ̧ͷһۣɫ糺ޱȣԴؿˡ
еİһȻִĽƿ˵ˣһ£۲ۣ
һ½ףϲĲˡ
ŵֻʱʹ컹ǲҪ̫߶ԴϢΪ֮ÿ㰴Σ֮Ӧþްˡ
˷˼䣬ŵ뿪ķ䡣
ߵԺʱͷһֵۣĸо
ͷʶʱ䣬ҲˣôܵĽӴǵһΡ
һ·϶ȫζ
ܾ⼸ķЩ̫һ
ﲻһ˵
ֻĸоƺŮζˡ
֮ڣ˿ڴͷŷˣʵղʲôо
Ц˵㰴һ֪ˣ
˰һۣû˽ţɶҲ˵ŮӵĽţܱ
ĿȻˡ
ȻôŮ֮£һŮԸһĽš˵һġ
ѵҲϲ
ŷˣվ̲סʵǲϲŵ
˲ûзϣһۣ˵ӣĸŮӲϲأҲֻԼĬĬϲˣҵݣ䲻ġ
˷˵ﻰûвʲôԴ׻ǲĵ
ãǷ˵ĻƺҲǲԡ
μˣʵܽܺͷһ𡭡


Ϊпܼ̳лλĴĻӣУŲſıʿ
еĻӣжƵ˴ڡ
ǸȨĹУΪǳıߣһֵ֧ĻӳɹǻȴǵģȻٻ
ҲЩıʿںٻ󣬶Ҫˣ̤ݺҵĴ
δָ£һλӵǻܹͨһ죬̽ݺң
˹ؼãֱ徳
վڵڵһӰ˵̨Ժ¥ΪУãûбҪӳ͢н
ڵ˼Ƭ̣˵ӢԺ¥Ϊ¥Ѱֵĵطǵı֮أ͢ǲӪ¥ģ϶Ҳű֡
ʵãǳ۶Ϊã
ӵأصãǽǮܹģʹ϶ҲᣬǱǳ۸ߡ
ֵ֮ǳ۶ٺʣ
룬˵һȻ꣬ǵļֵǮʹ϶벻ǳ֮ߡ
˵ͷ˵ģ¹ش֪֪֪֪мǲҪκˣεľˡ
֮ͬĵطһ˵ļ˵ģ¹ش֪֪֪֪мǲҪκˣεľˡ
ǰգһĴһ˱˱ȭ˵飬мǲҪκˣεľˡ

һӰ߽鷿Թ£򻧲һӡ
һͶ¯ֽ¯ΪҽǹһĨȣ񣬸ֶ㻹˵㡭
ʣܿҲдһӣ˵͵

һӣʵ˵ʲô
ʳҵĳӿ˵£̨ˣԺ¥ʱӦûؽ𣬽ӵطƿسĵ鱨ͨǣڶĹԱȨܵϵҲȻ
һӣЩʲô
ʳһΣ룬ʵǳΪһݺңܿôܸǻһܵóԸ
κδſͺıʿֻػһ£ͨӵݽȻѰʱײߡ
˵ʵ֮󣬴üͷ˵ǸԩǮʲôһӣúˣЩеûģѹĲԽԽóˣֱû㣬ôҵ¸¾ʰ̸ǹ
뿪֮ʳһвˣһ̾
λܲõġ
Щһֻеġ
Ļӣôߵģ
Ѿ˼봾ݺĳӣͷϵʳģһοʼԼ۹⡭


鿴ϵӣüͷ
Щӣû£̣һӣûˡ
ʡʡگִУպ׷飬Ҳ¡
ֻƾһӣ飬ǻ
ʹ޴ĹٳĻ
ֲܵû
ӣĿȥ
ʮӣҪ¥Ժ
ǵĳ˭ߣ¥͹˭
۸ԶԤϣͬ⣬Ҳǻ⣬вȡκκô
͹ˡ
Ȼûʮʮܸٸһˣ̰Ĳ㣬һǧһǮûС
ܿʾԱȥ͹ظ

õظӣ¶΢ЦλԱʵ۶٣
ǻԱһ£ʵôˣ
˵ҲԺ¥⣬򻧲ӣ۶٣
Աҡҡͷ˵ûԺ¥ӣûʮֻһǧ
ʲô
ԣ¶֮ɫɫȻһ䣬ã


290 ©

ǰĻԱõһǧδ̫˰ɣǻ򷢽лأ
Աһɫ˵ص£öȽţʵòӡ
Ƴһۣ˵ÿ궼ɣʲôʱ򲻽ŹˣҲΪˣȻţ͸͵ӣǰԺ¥ʮ
Աɫѡ
ʵôˣ𣿡
Աʵ˵ص£ղţѾ۰ʮԺ¥ȥˡ
¶һź֮ɫ˵ȻǾˣȥɡ
Ա˿첽뿪
̾˿Ǿʮ壬һ壬ƫƫǰʮ塭
ӣ˵ó
ʱһ߽һ˵֪кηԸ
Ŀʵڱ߼ˣ
Ӳ֪ΪκȻ˵ص£ˡ
̾һ˵꣬һҲιˣ˵ôιأ
ľǿװǿ¶Цݣ˵£˵Ļô
˵ûϵ±Ӽǵô㣬ϸˡ


÷֮ڣá
Ժ¥ĳЩ˵ȻһҡǮҲҪٵͶӪ͢ǲþӪ³ģڻҲûá
ϳ۰ʮܳӯһЩ
طĵԼԼѾ׼ˣֻȹǮλͿԽ
ʱйԱá
üͷһʲôѵǲĲ
һǧӣҪҪҪãҪһǧʡ¡
̤÷Ӱվȭ£ʲô飿
Ц˵޴ˣˣҪ¥Ժ
Ϊ飬Էģ˵治ɣ¥ԺѾ԰ʮߡ
Ըߵļ۸أ

߳˵ˣϲ衣
֮ʵʵ£Ը۶٣
һ
üһ͹κһ˭۸߾˭ʲô⣬Գ͢Ҳн
һڶγпܸߡ
룬˵֮¥Ժһιۣ۸ߵ֮ʱ򣬵¿μӡ
ƳһۣⰡ
΢΢һЦ˵ҪҲҪֻԳ͢Ҳý
Ƭ̺߳
ֻϺ꣬Ը͹֮ѡվ
⵹ҲԤ֮У޷Ƕ໨Ӷѣ۲ɲ幧
뵽˿̵ı飬ǣɵĹһ˿ȡ
һˣʵ˴ʲô
˵˵¹ȥԹ⡣
üЩ˵ʲôˣ
˼˵˵һôι죬Ǿͽ˳⣬ʹҪҪȥڡ
飡
һϣΪʹ΢΢ɫޱȡ
֮⡣
һֱڱûôһ죬Ȼᱻơ
ųġ
ȷûӣѧ£ߵıʿһֱıߣؼˡ
ı󣬿϶иָ㡣
ϧߵΨһԵףҲ˳Ժѵһʱ֪Ķ򡭡
ʱһ߽˵£ղ֪ͨҲ¥Ժ⣬֮󣬻о


˵ķ֮ڡ
ŵ֣ӷ˰ϸĽƿ˵ˣһãӽ쿪ʼͿĻˡ
лл
ŵ˻֣˵
լĺгһĹͣù鹦ڷˣṩΰĦ񣬾͵Ǳˡ
ͷ˵ĹϵҲЩ΢ı仯
ǰͷˣȻͬסһܣദʱ򣬻Щġ
⼸ܽӴ֮ദȻˡ
˽³ţҲһȥ
߳֮ʵȥ
˵ȥ顣

ſڣվۼ˲ˣЩȨ͸̡
ǰͷųϢչ۳¥Ժ˶ԣǳ׬Ǯҵܼ©ɾ׬ˡ
ͣڻǰʱӵȺ˲䰲
ĳ֮ϣצĹơ
£
Ҳˣ
Ӱ˶Ϩ˾۵˼
Ȼֱˣôֵõ
͹Գ棬Ƕεľڱصá
Ҳǣ¥Ӫˣɲ¥ô򵥣ֹܴ޴ļֵ䰵еӰ죬ǲǮ
μ£
¡
˷׷׶Ȼȴδȥ
λ٣Լ޹أҲֵܿġ
һۣԱĹԱߵ÷С
úȺԺӡ
վȺ֮ǰ˵ջ¥Ժλɳۣ۸ߵãȫ⣬⾺ۣвߣΪ񣬷̲׷𡭡
һȻ˴ξ׼ʮÿμӼۣõһǿԳˡ
Ļ£ȺȴһƬ
˴˿Ѿˣյľ͹ǿ־ˡ
λȻųԱǣȴ׾١
˵͹ʱȺ֮󣬺Ȼһ
ʮһ
΢΢һ㶣׷תͷȥ
֪˭ô£飬ҲҺһš
վӰʱ˵һʱס
վģλŮӣλŮӡ
ᣬƯ
Ϥ
ڳ֮ˣǸ󣬼ʶȻҲܹ㡣
״Ԫɵķˣڽʿνֵ̡
״ԪλǾ͸Ϥˡ
Ҳ¥Ժģ
˵ε飬ҲҪ֣
־͸ˡ
֪ҡǮջỨ˭ҡ
ߵĳ÷֮ڣȵţ֪֮˵ݣվɫɲ
Ҳ֣
ЩӣһֱоĹ˽⡣
ӱʮ겻
𣬶ʮҲ
ҪõĶǧټƵĵõ
òģͻὫٵ
ܴ¥ԺҲ밲ȵĿȥ
ܿ˾
߽˵˳ʮһ£ˡ
Ƴһۣ˻䣬˵ˣˡ
һ÷֮ڣı粻ջ¶֮ɫ
ͷʢ֮ǰ¼ŸոƽϢͻ
߳⣬ҲӶ÷߳
һۣղ뿪
׷뿪ıӰмȰûڣ̰ĵĻһѾ˹ˡ
ߵòŮǰС˵ټһЩɣʮһʵ̫ˡ
εĿ˵ǣСŮֻôǮ


291 
ûйĳۣʮҲܽܡ
Ž׼Ϊʮ
յĳɽ۸ʮ
˭뵽ŮӼӼһ֮͹Ͷˡ
ǲڹһ
Ŀ򻧲ԺӵȺ˵λʮһ˳۸𣿡
Ⱥǵͷ졣
λˣǻҳۣ
ˣ
ҾǴ֡
ˡ
ʮҲ̫ˣ֪òܻر̫󣬲㣡

ڵ¥Ժֻһտӣ͹϶ǿģǵĿģҲΪ׬Ǯ
λ˵ҪĶҲ˵ͷ
˭Ⱦָ
գ۵ĹȺߵһʣ
ڵףиڵѪȴҲֻһʼµĹء
ʧС£ʧɵĺء
ʮһļ۸񣬴ӻ¥Ժ֮£ܿͱ֪
ܵǣֳأʹ˾ʧȥЩȤε¿ŵϢвɶ˼ڴ
ںеʱط屻顣
󣬿Ǵûб
֣ϲȥӵĿ˵һ¡
ģʽ¥Ժ¿ţܻɵַҪؽ𣬲ܺĹиΪܵĽӴ

ŵ⼸æ
ÿ켸ҪæŻؼҡ
ʹڴϾҪٿ½ʹţ½ִﳤҪΪǰźһС
ķǸפĵĸʹ׼ģʱסôˡ
ŵǬùִһʱĳʹݴ壬Щҵʹţᵽ
˶ˣȻҲͶࡣ
ʹ飬ҪȥЭæ綼ûʱؼҳԷ
ҲæһΣæʱˡ
òװգŵӵұż˺ͰԸӴ
ϣڰ£һ
ȻϨ˵Ƶ£ҲѾһܺõĿͷ
֮ŵԺУ
ŵƤ񣬸Ŀ⣬ӷһҡΣԺɹ̫
ůϣ轣ˣŵ˷ޱȵ⡣
ͬʣ˿̣ʹݴУȴޱȽš
ҹʹݴ巢һ׮
һʬ壬ʱʹǰԺĲϯ֮ϡ
Ȼգ̲ʹµĹԱټ˵ء
Ķӡ
һλκʹ֮СҺС˿Ҳ࣬ڴĵĳ֮һ
һֱ״ӴģЩСڴ֮䣬̬žҡڣʱ״κʱ״Ӵģ󲿷ʱ򣬶Ǵıȡô
ӣڴľڣĵȻҪ׷顣
οӵݣС
λ֮Уκģλܻ״Ӵģת״κ
ΣʹȴѲ롣
ңĺΡ
ϣԼڷУذͱԼࡣ
ӱϿһ׮ɱ
ڣûɱ
λУϹԸϲλӣпܺܿΪһιʲôҪɱ
һ׮ɱҪӶ֡
ôһǣ˭ϣ
ӿ϶֮һһû˺֮λ
ʹڴᣬӲûвμӣӴģҲԼš
˴֮⣬ϣģǴĳ͢
κģˣӼλȻԴ
ǰڱĵط
ڴģľܿΪǴĳ͢ɱȻӰǶԴĵ̬ȣǴλҲ״Ӵġ
̲ʹɱ᰸Ȼûʲô飬ضΪδ
ɱ᰸˰ûκܲ鵽Ҳ鲻
ʹݵ棬˿ֵʹ
ʹҲڴĵǿҲұֳֺ
һƬңôƫƫӣʡ߶Ӵ£һҪʹһĽ
һλʹ˱ȭ˵λʹģһ˰ġ
ʹǾͰˡ
ߵ̲ʹµĹԱǰʵʲôûУ
̲ҡҡͷ˵֮ڣûеڶ˳ֵĺۼֳҲû
ҲܲĵطˣûκҺͲĺۼôɱ
ɫѿѵҪʹǶɱ
Լš
̲ʹָˣİ취
ʱԺУȻһ⡣
ôˣ
ȥķһ˶޴룬ȴһ۾ͱϳ֡
أҲġ
Ļܿʲô
飬̲ʹװģĲ鰸Լ뿪ʹݴ壬
ŵɹ̫Ȼоûôůˡ
۾һӰվǰ
ŵʡһ棬ɣҲǳôУԼĸƽʡĵλֻ֮¡
ŵʵλˣ£
ɵˣ˿ͱߣǱ߱˵
ŵԣεվȻգʱйҲⲻˣų͢ٺ»Լ֮£Ҫõġ
һߣһ˵ϣʹݵķڣ̲ʹ¶Ϊ
ŵԽŲһ١
ɣʵɴñȥ鰸ģ
ɵ˵ͷ˵̲ʹµ˲һϣʲôҲûвֻˡ
ŵԣת߻ȥϡ
ĶҪݶҪ߻ʳסĲҪ䣬ŵ͸ȥˣΪķ֮¡
ˣȥ鰸
Ǻة̲С
ɥ¿ԣ鰸̸
ٵʱ򣬸ۣҪʱ̲ã飿
ɻͷȻˣǡ
ŵ̯̯֣˵ɴˣҴ˰ɣǺة̲У͢ҪӰɥ£һƯƯģ鰸ɲڱٵְ֮ڣ㻹ȥұ˰ɡ


292 

ɿŵһʱԶԡ
ΪĻ޷
鰸ǺةְȫԾܾ
ƾĶۣҲӦþܾ
״ԪǱ񲿣ֱѩص£ְ͹ٽһ飬͢ĳ˭˭
ŵݣԼܱ
ֻε뿪
صʹʱûκνչ
е֤ݶָɱɱҲҳһ֡
ҪȻڹͻ۵ĵϡ
Ǿ鷳ˡ
˰壬һĽ
ԺУһٴλ
˵˭óưŵ֮⣬һˡ
ʱ永ڻѹĳɰһһ壬ƴ̽
ڣƾưĹٵġ
ڡ
ɣҡͷ˵Ǽӣ˵ˣ̲ʹ¶鲻κȥҲûá
ɵ˰¹ش󣬲ûн˻ȥɡ
Ҳûƴǣ˵Ȼˣپͺһ˰ɡ
˺ܿʹݣ̲ʹ¹ԱѯһЩ飬̽һ³Ȳʵˣʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ûС
һͷ¿鷳ˣȻֻһСλȴҪǴĺκĻش
ȥľͻκֱӽ
ǴĻκƿܶһҵı߾ɾ޴ѹ
Ϊӵʹ϶Ǹκɳ֮
飬̻صʡգҲûϢʡ
࿴еߡӣ뿪ʵôˣ
ҡҡͷ˵̲ʹ£ʲôûв鵽ǰȥͬûз֡
໺վȻ˵ƫƫʱʹڴᣬʹĵĹϵļն񰡡
Ƭ½ȻѾ˼꣬սʵδ
ƽ֪жٰӿ
˭Ҳ֪һƲ۵С£᲻ΪƾƵĹؼ
ΣĶýԼȥ
ȥķݳʹ̣Դĵģ˵Щ˺͹ңѾˡ
һ£ɣ˵ȥĶӣϴķ֮ҲƵģͷģδؿ
̾˿˵֮ǰ¹Ѿȥҹˡ
̾һʵҲûʲô
ɵûȥ˵ǺةӰɥ¿鰸ְ֮ڣҸ

Ĭ
״Ԫ˵ҪʡģȴںʣԹҲ
ĸײûнʡģҲһҪְ
ӵݣǸһЩôͬЩ
Ϊƽ⳯ã˾Ҳûκ˽ġ
£ûбİ취ֻܽϣˡ
룬˵ȥܲ˰ƷĹְȥѡ
ɵǱߡ
࿪ڵΪأϷԻ͡
Ƭ̺һ
Żɹ̫ŵ˵ˣ˵ˣ֮ܲƷĹְѡ
ŵ۾˵˵ƾ
ɵģһԾŶȻô˵ˣһƭ㡣
ҵ徳ΪϣŵһΡ
վ˵߰ɡ
ʹݴ֮ǰִ壬ŵȻᳵ·
˳ȥˣŵҲûе
ֻһСӣΪְӣ𵽵Ѿˡ
̲סʵˣ㲻ʱٰ𣿡
ŵ˵Ļ˵ɡ
鰸ʾ尸ˣɻǵһμǾϸĽӸ֪ŵرǿ˴˰ҪԺԡ
Դӽϰ֮ʹݴͲ룬ΧĽжӾ䡣
ŵ߽һʹݣոսţͿһʬ塣
ŴգֳҲûе˵ĺۼԼңӱϿɱġ
ҪֳҲѡ
ʦߣϢǱķ䣬壬ɱļȻκκۼȥ
ֻһСʹûʦֻľĻԼҲеΪľֻʦϵһ㡣
һΣĴ˴ʹǰʹеʦ١
˺ϴķһ⣬ɵˣǱҪ̲ʹ£ûа취ſȥ顣
ʹΧ˲ˣŵ߹ʱ򣬷䲢ûзӦ
̲ʹµˣڶʹݵ˽ѯʣŵ߽֮ʲôҲû˵ȺһȦ
߻ԵʱѾ
ʹݴİǱȻʹϣִĿΪ㣬֮ӳȥĿܣҲڡ
Ӳɱôһʹݴ֮ڡ
ŵɽ˶ټģû뵽־Ժʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
ʵˣûУ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ӵȷɱģҲ֪˭ˡ
ԭء
֪ˣ
ֻһʣû뵽ֻһȦûмʬ壬ûв鿴ֳ֪˭ˣ
ٿҲôɣ
ŵС˵˼䣬ɻعߵ̲ʹ¹ԱߣƬ̺̲ʹµֹͣʻֱ˵Ժߡ
վԺڵģֻжʮʹ
УһеĻ
λǵľ֮ˣֻеΪ
ʣ֮ˣǴ˴βμʹڴʹˡ
Щʹһ⣬ĳҲӵĸ
Щʹǻûķʽɱӣ̲ʹµˣղҲֻǶѯ
ŵųһţһλľĻǶ֮ûеʲôˣ
ǻҡҡͷ˵ס֮󣬻ţҲ˽𡣡
ŵֻһ⣬ֿߵߣʵλʹǡ
ߵϷǴ飬˴θӳʹ
ʹڴ֮ϣóϵĺÿһʹУлĹԱ
ߣŵֻͬһ⣬Ȼһˣʵǡ
ԷܵǶ
ŵʵˣ
˵ʮꡣ
ʲôΪ


ʹ֮⣬кܶ࿴ֵʹڡ
ڴʹݣɲС£ֵصע
̬ķչпܹغĶϱ߾δľơ
ڴ˰ĳ͢˰ˣһ񣬴˿ƺһˣʼ˶ʹŵѯ
λˣʹڶİ
ƺǺµĹԱǽ볤֮󣬾Ӵŵġ
ĵĺ£ѵҲܲ鰸
ʹ֮۷׷ףʹ֮ڣŵڰѯʡ
ʵһʱʱŵڣ˵ٶǶӸϵĳʷʮһ꣬ߣûΪ
ŵʵû֮
ҡͷûС
ŵˣһ
˿̣ʹЩͷ̲ʹµĹԱ̲סɣôļҳƵȥʲô塣
ĳ͢Īʱ䣿
ʲôأ
һˣһλĻ

Ź㡣
䡣
ʮ
Ϊ

ŵԼƺҲЩģʻʱ򣬻⻤а档
Ѿ͸Ҳûľٶ
ĳһ̣ŵǰһ뻹ʻһ룬ȻеĳݺݵĿһλʷĲӡ
һзļͻȻ˶⧲
һʮ㣬ǿȥض׷Ľ
ѵ˵Ǵɱģ
ΪӸ״κǲҪɱӣҪɱʷˣ
ʹǣ˵ˣŭ
ʱǴĵԱȻɿ֣ݵĺ˼
˵ǰͳһĻ档
ǰѵûпӵĲϣھĲӻһʱͣ˰ա
λĵĹԱѾɿ֡
ʹ֮ڣһԻ
ʹ֮⣬һЩ߾ߣȴλʷϣܵһ
ղ˵û֮ģ
Ⱥ֮УӰ¶ɫ
ݺң
ǵľݺңټټ
˼ˡ
ʲôȻݺң

ȻĵλԱʲôû˵ʲô˵ˡ
λʷ˵Լֻһͨˣȴֵܵһ˵ղ˵ѣԼΪ
Σʱû취ıܡ
ΪʲôҪΪеԭ򣬾˼ˡ
ڱλҵǿߵݺҵ֮󣬾ɲı۵ķȥ롣
⼸꣬ݺÿһγ֣Ѫȷ硣
ΪУƶȻᣬֱʹʢһʱݺң˹˺
ʹ֮ڣһλΪݺҡ
˵顣
ۣʹǣޱ𾪵Ŀ⣬ӡ
ǶӵңΪڣӲܴӽһУڶ̶̼ʱ֮ڣɳʹӷͥҪѹһߡ
ԭݺҡ
Եľݺҵɱļ󣬼ֱ׾١
ôʲôĿģ
ɻԭء
ķչ̫죬ûӦ
ʻʵĺúõģ˺ȻɱˣûɱǰѵȴڿУȻʹ֮ͱĻȻ
ƺѾˣ
ʱȻɫһ䣬ѵˣСģ
ӵϣһ˿ţӦ֮һ˿ɫڿеĳȻŵ
ֻ̳˳еĵǱһҲ޷ǰֺ
ͬʱһ޴ѹڵϣ˶Ҳܶˡ
ŵŹڵϵӡ
ݺóвٿأɲóս
ҺͷʱǸûκη֮
Ѿˣ̲ʹµˡ
ɣ˵ɴˣˡ
ϲĵ˵ͷʵô֪ģ
ûʲôҵֱѡ
ŵ򵥵Ľһ䣬˵ϣԶš
˵꣬ת뿪
챾գаļҪݡ
磬ԼĽҼң飬æĶûôǡ
ŵ߳ʹݣʹ⿴ֵȺ׷Ϊÿһ·
λµĹԱʱǶӡֻῡΡ
ĺµĹԱһЩ˼ҡ
û뵽Ȼֱ¡
ôˣ˰죬һİӣֻ֮˶̶̵İӡ
ʱʹŵʹŵϤ
פĵʹȴĲ죬ȥһʱ䣬ν춼¼ʼԶͬǽ
ʲô״Ԫļٵģ
ֹ״Ԫƾѡ
Ҳ״ԪҪʤһ
óưȥķݳʹɱǰʱǣĶƵġ

пƾ٣Ҳա
ͨƾٽ;ǣȻޱƾѵ״Ԫζʲô
ǰ޹ˣпҲߡ
һʱ䣬Щ͵ĹԱɵĶͶȥ֮ɫ
Ⱥ֮УһӰĶǵԶȥı૵ʦǰ㵽Ĺˣ𡭡


293 
ʹ֮УһλΪݺҡ
λĴĹԱ֮󣬴˰͸òˡ
ݺʲôԣ
µСϵԹݺҵĿ˵ߵͻıơ
ץ֣Ķ˽
ݺҸʺϰвٿأһ¶ݣͺ͵ϵûʲôܿͱ´ˡ
ûֿɿʹΧ۵ĸʹɢȥ
ǵں棬ݺҵΪֻҪ֣޷ġ
λĵԱô֪һʹ֮Уε֪λʷصݺҡ
жϴˣղһͻѪͷء
ʱʹĵĹϵɾ޷ˡ
Լжϣʮš
ȻҲŵҵֵḶ́˵ΪҪ뿪ʹ֮һʱͻصʡ
ôͻʵô˵
ЦЦ˵¹ٴȥֳһӣͲ˴˰һλľݺңΪһʷ
ɵĻ㱨üͷĸ˵ݺҲ֣ͼ֮£ֻһӣĿģκʹĵս͢Ҫˡ
ݺ֮ԱɵΪڻоȡ档
ΪǴ඼֯ġ
һλľݺңʦ֯Уиݺҡ
Ǳڴ½һ£ܻö෽Ӧһڼ̵ʱ֮ڣγһɲ赲˳Ҫͷ۲ѡ
ʷҲݺгԹСĿ
ʱɵˣӦ˵顭
Ͼм䴫ҪǷڣŵΪԼƭ鷳ˡ
˻֣˵Ϊ͢׮鷳ͲСϷ˵ȻƷְѡ
˵꣬߳÷˵ȥ£ϷҪ֪˭Ļָʹ
¡
һλͼĺϵݺҸոʹǣҲܹעµĽλʹص˽
֮ϣȻľľ·һӰʵӣǲɱģ
ӵֽţصס·Ѿûʲô飬ڵǼȻѾ֪ˣֺαʣ
ٴ쾪ľش𱾹ٵ⣡
ѡϣ˵ҡ
ʵɱӵģ
ûнͣĿߵһ죬һ̣ǲϣȻֳã֮ɫεҪĨԼĲӡ
̰֮סص
ӿ䣬˵
ԵĲ죬ۿһĻ¶֮ɫͬʱ̲סҲҿӡ
ǹãݵ÷
£һε档
ݺҿĵֶ̫죬ûΪνסֻҪһͷĵ;Ĳ죬úʬ
һУŵΪʲôҪɱӣ
ƺǾ̫أڵϣ˵ⲻǺɱӣ޻ģĺĹϵ̶ıĺʹκľƣպ취սǴκ̲ģǴ̲κǶĪĺô
ģӶôã㾹Ȼĺ
ֱϹȻûпôһĹ֮ͽ
λʹԣ̲סƿڴ
ӵıԾƽƺûΪʲôϵı仯
俴λʹ˵ݺûĵģλʹ侲侲ĪҪҹá
ҪȥһӰ߽ãˣվӭǰˡ
ʵôˣ
Ѿɱӵʵ
ղż¼Ĺʸ࿴֮ӣʵĺκսһ˻ı󣬻кָʹڴĵͬ˭
Ҫղ˵ģһԶԶκȻͬпڳӸλ뽫㾾պɸʧ
ûлش⣬ӵ࣬Ц˵֮ǰü࣬Ҳ޺
˵
ٴοڣһεƣӿֶ
һ̣ڴµĹǿλݵӰȻޱȸߴ
ķڽӴʱ˲⣬ֱƣ˫һ˲ȥ
徳ĺȻ߸ҵĹֶΣȻֱ֮Ӵݻ־֮˵ߡ
ѹڵأͷҲ޷̧ʱϣȻҲӿһϢ
ϢȻûϢǿ󣬵ȴϢͬͬԴ
ϵıһͣŵĿ𾪵ôܣôкȻ֮
һλľݺңӵеĺȻһܷ顣
̧ͷ࣬Ŀһ˿𾴣ź
ûпڣֻ֣¡
Ȼһĵ£ʧȥϢ
֮ϣһƬž
λľݺңԼ࣬Լ
֮ǰڳһ⡣
ݺΪ˽ƣֶ伫ôӵкȻ
һУΪһɣ룬ԼŵɣΪԼ˽ġ
Ϊˣ塣
࿴ŵѾʧȥϢʬ壬þ
˵Удġ
Ĵ壬ȴΪ˴ġ
ĺκսؼؼܴлǲ֪վĹ
ΪĹ£֪ĹĻ
䣬˵ϸһصһԭ
ʹžڳγʹģǶӵϵΪʷʹŵĹԱΪϤ鵽ѡ
Сʱ֮󣬴ʹݻ
ʵ𣿡
˵ͷ˵ʮǰμƾ٣֮󣬽ٳǰʶӣİ£ԭʧƵĶӣ⼸Ѹ𣬼Ѿƿ˴볯ã⣬һλ
Ϊɱ޻ģļıɹĺ˹ţ޺ͽĿܡ
ȷΪĹϵƻ
ʵļᣬ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ǡ
˵Ȼˡ
ʵĹ
촽˶ֹ
üΪ֧֧᣿
ͷ˵Ǵġ


294 ӦԤ
ԭأþûпڡ
һȦƻˡ
ΪļҪͨĺκսôȡ
鵽λݺңȻǴʿ
ôǴģ
ƺһž޴ڳϿա
飬ϷҪӳڵϢ
ȷ˵ļǴģٲͼ򵥵Ķˡ
ʹŵļλѣΪṩҪڴĿƾʧ֮󣬲ȥġ
ڴģСƾٵľҪСܶࡣ
ĵѧӣЩС״ԪĿܡ
ִĵѧӣ޷ڴˣҲ˶Σ취ȡЩСݣǵĹҵ١
Ŀƾ٣Ѿȥʮꡣ
ǵĽʿãеĽʿܴ鵽
Ҫ鵽ϢҪ๦
춨Ȼûʲôˣ࿴䣬˵֮󣬵һʱʡ㱨
ͷǡ
Ƭ̺߳ã뿪¡
ͬʱӰӴ߽
Ųһ٣ӭӰҲͣԭء
ҲǣҲǣһ˫ֶ֪ε࣬ô⣿
Ե徳Ĵ壬Ҳñ㹻Ĺ
˹֣˵¡
Ȼںʹ˵ĿģȴǴߵ
뿪Ĵ¹ԱҲվԭأҲҳ
˵ĶԹ˵ġ
ͬӵʦͽ
ҲƲĳˡ
ӣǴε¼ٱǵģˡ
Ժʦͽ˾ͷĿɳ
һϢ
Ϣ
Ϣ
Ϣ֮Ŀƿ߳¡
ͬһ仰û˵ֱ߻÷
˿Ƭ֮󣬴߽÷
ڷڣڽԼԼ壬ȶԴһȻߵǰղŵ飬ϸ˵
ľݺңȻ֮ġָû˼棬˵֪ˡ
Ҳûжԣ˹˵¹ٸˡ
뿪֮󣬴ʵˣô޳Ȼ֮
˵Ȼ֮뵽ģĴؼԺɵ˵ѧؼʷ̨Щʲô˵ʷһɱ֡
˵ܷ޳Ȼ֮ʲôʲôΪеĴ壬ǳ˽ģɱ˷ŻеĺȻ֮Ҳʧ
пҲ̫ˣǴģǵλԽߣΣԽҶˣһ´¶Ӧ췴
췴ҲΪԼ췴
˿̣ʡڡ
ϣҲ¶˵֮ɫ
һľݺҲ¡
һҲ¡
һңͬʱҲǵľݺңһҵΣԣɲǼ򵥵ĵӡ
ԼңҲ˽ҡ
ҵӣһ׼еĴ壬ص£ܻԴ֮ң׹޵Ԩ


磬ŵĽȹġ
ԴӲסθͲܼˡ
Ȼ˺żὫǴҲסϵĽʧˣĽμҵץĺܽ
ѧѧμѧɣ滭ȻҪȫķ
һ磬Ľ²ۣÿҪϸֿγ̣Ҫʱ䶼ûˡ
ƺǳһԭõĹϵҲǰˣһ׽õӡ
Ǽ˺ˣ֮Ĺϵĺӡ
ȻһʼԣҲûжôܣ˸ϲͷһ𣬼˺ͰĹϵҪ׽һЩ
Ψˣ˵Ĺϵûŵ벻ƽôദ
ڶ죬ŵٴ¡
˵һ٣ȴûһ
ʮһĹʵ̫˵ˣȵԺʡлȨˣһҪݶдɷ
ʡԶţʱһλʷ£ѯŵҪʲôְƷĹְѡ
ƷĹְɹѡкܶࡣ
˾٣Ʒ
ʡһЩҪλõĹְҲѡ
Ҫʲôְŵˡ
Ҫ޷ң̲ʹ¶Ǻȥȫİڣ²òİӣÿ£ΪҲԶ
̲ȴ¶ͽ̵ľڡ
ͽΪм̷̫ᣬҲ㲻أҲģȨ̲
ѡ˴£ڷⲿͽ̵ľڡ
ŵѡ̲С
ԭ̲Уʡõİš
Ҫģǵȴʡˡ
ʹڴѾʽʼ·һЩ
鷳飬ǽӴͰǣʽʼ֮󣬸ʹŻҪӦĹչ⽻̸Щ޹ˡ
磬ŵؼҳԷ
ƺЩ̫
·ŷʱŵûпܼҺϻƣŷһ˶ûС
Ҳûпˡ
ֱţŵſһȺˣۼǵԺ֮⣬Ժ֮ڣҲӰӰ´µġ
ŵ߽Ժӣĸ˹ˣˣϷ˺μҵļλҲڣộҲǵһμ
ܼҿЦ˻ɿ߹˵ϲүϲү
ܼҵĻŵԭ˺һ
ϣ˾岻ʡ
ӹŮҽΪ֮󣬸֪һϢ
˻ˡ
ðҲЩ̫˳Ůҽ˴Ȼ֪˵ڶϢ
Ҳˡ
Ϣȥ֮θ׾Ϸ˴μŮ˶˹Ǿŵڿһ档
ŵ첽ܽ䣬ܼҵϣҲ¶οЦݡ
ڿ֦ɢҶˡ
ٷ˺͹ͬʱУŮҽ˵ٷ˻˫̥
˫̥
ܼƺʲô¶Ȼ֮ɫ
˶ʮӣڽΪүԡ
ͷ˵ٷ˻ỳһ̥
˵ٷ֮⣬үмԵ
ǸʱүٷˣǣֶûйٷҲԲү檣ͷ˵û췽ҹ̷
죬ԤԣȻһһӦˣ
˻
һ񱼶ȥ


295 ˵Ե
ԴӼ˺Ͱ֮󣬾һ԰
Ǵ͸ǵ԰֣ģɫˣʺϰ̥
ŵȻҲһ˹ȥ
֪Ϣ֮ӹŮҽԼλר̷ĹŮչǵӡ
Ůҽչиϣżḻľ顣
֮󣬼˱׽ֹУҲȥ̲鰸
ÿʲôʱϢʲôʱԷʳĴ䣬ϸĹ涨ЩأǸлеƶġ
ŵŮҽΪƶʳףȷܺҽⷽרҵӹɵġ
ŮҽÿҽΪǵ壬ŵҲֹϺͼ˰˯һֻһ˯鷿
֪ǻе⼸죬ŵ̬һЩת䡣
һֱڱ˵ıеġ
УӺͰԱİȫ
ϣиڣдڣ۷ʲô飬ÿ̫࣬ˣҲ˰ţԺ޹ǵ顣
뵽֮ӵԼĺӣ̬зһЩı䡣
ϵƺܳҲʮѡ
ľΪԶԶĲ
ҪܾúܾãҪĺһ𳤴ҪǰͷϣҪκ˶޷вǣҪǿĺܡ
԰С
ںż˺Ͱںδ
ŵԶԶĿһȻĬĬ뿪
ܼҶŷŵţʵүȥҪҪū㣿
ŵ˻֣˵ˣæİɡ
ܼҲûм֡
ڵѾүĶˣߣҲ𲻵ʲôá
пʱ죬үȻѾɳԼǶ֣ң걻һ޸֮С׷ɱȥһ
ȻʶǾȥꡣ
һ䣬ү״ԪȢ˹ְƷΪҲ˵ľ
ȵŵ뿪֮ղŵĻ⣬ϻ˵ǲ֪Ǹͷж׼ǸʱүٷֶûǣٷԺỳ˫̥һ϶ҵĸˣ
Ĵȣһյ˵һβʮӣ֪ҵͲֹˣ⼸ұ鳤ûҵ
ϻƺʵ㻹ʲôˣ
ܼҵүԵ˵үмԵҲûţֱ޹
ϻۺ룬˵ٻλûнš
ܼɻΪʲôλ
ϻƷ˵ǡԵһΣٷ֮⣬үԵʱͻֱ˵Σ˵˼Σ˵ʣµԵѾţٻλ
ܼ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵еλĻá
˵˵ţȻתͷ
վſڣĽζ
Լ֣װ·߳š

˵һԼҲһ
Ƿ˽
뵽û˿
ֻĻ֪ôμദ
Ƿ˽ͺˡ
ڽĿĵţȻǰĽֽǴߺȵ
Եƣ
һģ㲻׼Ǯ
һƿһ
˵ĽŲ΢΢һ٣ǰЩͷ֮ˣǲмһ˵ģҲЩܼҵĻȴıĿ
ߵǸС̯ǰһү￴˿ˣΪû⣬Щͷɥֱ壬ʵ𣿡
ûǮȡһϣ˵һ㡣һɷǵ߿ǿǰԼȥǿۺ룬ʵԵİɣ
΢΢һ㶣ʵô֪
ٴۺ룬ûнͣ¶Īı飬ѸٵȻ˵ﲻżԵѵ֮ˣӦ֣ܰԵпܴһ
ĥĻһ֮˼ȥ
ȵԶȥ֮žȵʵʦô֪λԵģ
߽ǶӴ˵ʮа˸Եġ
ʵأ
ߵǾ͵һܵȵһĲԵģǮˣһ׮⣬æˣ
Ȼ˵ģԵѵƭ𣿡
Լĺ룬˵ҲȻѵû׷ŮɽŮ׷УɴôƯĹҪ׷ĸ˻ܾ
˵꣬Ƴһ꣬˵ѧŵɣСһϷһ£Ҫѧɣ˵󸻴Ҳʳǡ

ŵ뿪Һ󣬲ûȥ£ʡ
ʡĵ飬һֱûʡ
֮ǰŵ񲿻ߺ¶һһʱһʱٺ˷ʱ䡣
һս̲оһս졣
˿̣ʡڣռš
ʡһ÷֮ڣҵ
֮ȥ̲ͬ⣡
ϷѾӦˡ
ǴĹԱΪǣӦģȻԴв͢Ѿһˣѡְ͢ʲôطˣг𣿡
޷ҵģҲóư̲ʺλá
ѾһãĶȥ̲ɹһңϣϴһ£ѵˣ
ǼӣѾˮʯ
ҪĲǼӱܷһΣͻеڶεΣ
Ǿ͵ȵʱ˵ɡ

ʡĹԱʵʵԼλãûйҲҪװһæµӡ
λˣҿ˵÷
λɣӲͷƤվ÷֮УҲһ졣
λԹʹڣʡǩݺʹصԼ˿ҲֻվԺȴ
÷֮ڣλݡ
ļ϶÷ſڣ
ŵòԵţȻ߽๰˹֣˵࣬һ£ҵĵʲôʱ򵽣
λסвĵ
ûλ඼ȻһϽͣ治֪游״Ԫ
Ŀŵ
һε
ŵܵЩѹ
ҲֻЩ
ҵ֮£óǹȻ߸ҵֶΣŵû취ҪƾѹҲǲܵġ
ŵĿӣ˿塣
࿴Ϥס
ʮһʮǰ
ʮǰʮֵĶӡ
һʡʱ˿ۡ
̶̵ʱڣ֪˺£ϣȻҲ¶ķâ
ջǵϢĿ࣬˵ϳֵڶʱϣ㲻Ҫڡ


296 ŭ
ŵ͵֪һֱ谭̲ģࡣ
࣬ʵ࣬ҵôˣ
ų켺ŪȨרְȨıԩɱ޹һһԩģ
ŵʵΪ࣬쳯£Ӧƽ״ԪƾѣӦְʡ࣬ȴŴӱٵκʵĹְѵų켺ŪȨרְȨ𣿡
ಪȻŭ
ŵȻ壬˵Ϊٹ֮ףƽ˾ţȴŪȨרְȨºͰ㣬㵣ҪĹְôر£رµģ
ָŭסڣ
ŵûͣ£ŵǱ٣һ񲻻ƣϵȻѣ͢ʧ¶Ϊ࣬ѵ֪𣿡ۿƿԣٴʵķݰʹݰһǱƻ񣬱ưʱ̲ʹڸʲô۲鰸˭ȵù٣һ̲Уٵ𣿡
ŵûпѹֵ
˿̣ղ˵ⷬʡص
λɣĶǵĽż⣬סˡ
ǴĶӣʲô˵
Ҫǣ˵ĻȻһЩ
״Ԫƾѣ쳯͢Σѡ
˲ţ͢á
ȴһֱصĴѹ
վĽǶȣų켺ŪȨרְȨģȷࡣ
ݣЩ˸˵Ҳ˸룬ȴڽգô˵棬˵˳
ʡ˿ѻȸ
ڳж꣬ûм˸ô˵
Ǵ䣬Ҳ༸ӡ
С˵ĵ껹Ҫ㡣
ؿֲָֹŵ촽˶ȴ޷ֻȻһ䣬ȥ
λ˿ŵ
Ժ󣬿û˸ڹٳϴѹˡ
˭˵棬ôָűҲÿǿӰ졣
֮⣬Ҳûѹ
÷һƬգһһݵݸŵ˵ĵˣȥɡ
ŵӹ˵лࡣ
΢΢֣ת߳÷ղŲûʲô鷢
ո뿪ʡʡ㳹׷ڡ
˻˵
ʡʮ꣬ǵһμ˸ô˵
״ԪȻ״Ԫİ
ˣη尡ղŵһȻıЩѪڡ
λԹʹڣվʡԺУͬþ
ǸոʶãλĴĹԱҲǴ˼̵ӡ
һλʹڣ뿪ķĿĳֹâһ
ʱλɣ÷߳ԼλԹʹڹ˹֣˵λʹ룬÷ǡ
ǩļҪԼ
ԼϸڣԱ⼸Ѿˣʡֻһ̡
Թʹ֮౳֣ߵǰĿ䡣
ŵӵķâ¶
Ҳ֣ΪյյǹһˣıվųȨ
ǣŵְ̲ķӦļҡ
˽⣬ⲻ顣
Уԭ
ٴδ߽һڣ˫ֵݸ࣬˵ˣ񲿲鵽ģڶľڡ
ӹڣߵǰһһĲ鿴
λɱӣҪôĺݺңڴģڴģ汲Ǵİգƾ뿪֮ǰеľܲ鵽
װףκһξ֤ļ
ⲢһϢ
ϣԹκǳĸҵļ
һӵкȻݺңһУΪ˴ġ
˲ϸ˼
ı󣬱Ȼͬ
Ǵʮǰʱ򣬾Ϳʼ֡
ЩͼıҲ֪
ȷǣһǼ¡
뵽˶Ծʱ
ǱڵǵȻ֮Ӧ¶ġ
վЩ˽ĵġ
ǿΪеĴҲϢȥ
˿˵˭ʲôء

ûܣŵʡŭ飬ܿʹʡ֮£ãҲ֪˴¡
࣬νǰٹٵİͿģ
Ǳ£Ҳָű»ʵѵ
񣬾Ȼ˸ôԲѷ
һʱ䣬۷׷ףϵĹ񶼵࣬ʡĹԱ֮󣬸ǱŵͬסǴֳ
ʲô˵ų켺ŪȨרְȨ
˵๼˱µΣ
״Ԫ˵㣬뵱ʲô٣͢Ҫʲô١
˼ҵȻеķݰʹݰ˼ƵģҪⱾ£Ҳôᡭ
״ԪУκ£˼٣ְһҲ̫ˣΣվة

۷׷ʱһʵ޻լۡ
һͨͨһԺǴ󲿷־ƷСٵլۡҲҪࡣ
СԺоסˣȴͨ
࣬;סͨլС
ʹլʹӣܾˡ
ʮһֱƶӵ
˿̣ԺУǰʯϣֻڷһ࣬һ̲ˡ
һӰ߽ߵߣʦ
ͷ˿˵ˣԹûУûԵĻԵ㡣
ӳԹˡԱҡҡͷʡѾ·˵վȥ̲
¿ӣ˵û뵽ôֹȥ̲ûܷסķǴΣƻƻˣѵ⣿


297 ̸ʵ
ʡûԼĵŵȥһ񲿡
ԱÿһǨǵΣжʮ£µļڡ
ڵĳ̣͵εľйء
Ǩľ룬ǧ͢һµʱ׼ùԱȥ׷ѣﱸԶУÿһǧڼһ¡
Ӻµ̲䲻һ·Ҳаµʱ䡣
ǰŵܻѡڼЪ£һΣȴϣΡ
ȥ񲿴˴ǣ񲿾µĹٷȻصʰ
뿪ʱŵվſڣͷһۡ
عں̶̵£˵ǱʵģջȴСһΪҲһ
ôĸˡ
ص԰ʱڼӺͰŮ졣
Դӻ֮ǶŮͳȤѾڲ߻ΪδĺӷһЩС·
û濴ˣŵ鷿ʱŷԼԿ顣
˿飬ӿһټ
ŵǰĲ伮С
ᵽ԰֮ŵ鷿˹
Ĳȫ򵽵伮Ӹҵ鼮ҲӦоС
ЩУֻЩĽݡ
УǿģȫҪʵ
ݺңңʵ֮⣬ʦҲʮҪңҽˣѧֻܿһС
˿̣һˣݷжϾ
񣬴½ңѾҪˡ
˿棬ŵˣɵʵ˵ģҵı죬Ԥ֪δ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ġ
Ӹҵı죬ÿѧͲ˵ġ
˵Ȼټһλ
̲ſλߣ϶һλңΪڵ徳
Ǹʱ㵽вֹһλӣ˻ỳ˫̥
Ҫ֪ʱŵӻ̫죬ľҲûн֮ȴ㵽ңԶڣҲǵ徳ҡ
ֻϧǸʱŵΪǽƭӡ
ҪԷͷÿζܾ
ŵûټˡ
룬ʵǿϧ
ʱҸʵɣץҲһҵܡ
ŵˣʵ㿴Щʲô
˺飬˵ûʲôǺ档
վ˵鿴ͷΣҰһɡ
ŵҲûоܾһ䡣
λŮҽÿΪ˺ͰҽĵطƵĴʺϰĦڴϣŵڴͷ͸߶úʡ
ʱ䣬һֱĺĳ־룬쾹ȻĦŵʮ⡣
һΪ˰Ħһű顣
ʡŭ࣬ȻȷʵЩ嶯棬ŵҲη
ٷƣûʲô׷һ̲о㹻ˣֻҪаУǵ࣬Ҳô
Ϊ֮⣬ץһλǿߣӵ˾ԵĵơֻһΪĵȻһ֣ܿڵе
а취һĻҲҪиİץˣܳܵġ
Щ飬ŵϵĶûͣ
ܿ죬ʶָвԡ
˲ع񣬵ͷȥ
ֲ˵ͷϣؿڡ
ĦϰˣŰţ־ͻ᲻ܵĵطȥ
ղһһʱڴϵˣȫƾ䡣
ѹָвԡ
ŵջ֣˵ԲԲ𣬸ղˣΪǰ
˲ûʲôӦŵͷȥŷ֪ʲôʱ˯ˡ
˿߳䡣
֮ڣѾ˯ŵˣë˲ɫ𽥱졣
ŵߵߣñĺˮϴ˰аԺ˰Ħʱǧ񡭡
ܼҴԶ߹̽ŵүʡࣿ
ŵ˲֣˵Ҳɣֻǳ˼䡣
ܼʵôģ
ŵûô˵ıԩɱ޹˵ų켺ŪȨרְȨºͰյʲôġ
ܼ촽΢ţöû˵һ仰
洫ľȻġ
࣬ǿүҪֵĴڡ
£¶һڡ
үȻҵ࣬˵һоǲţֱĿȷϲ֪
洫ģЩˡ
úԴʵүôೳ
ŵ򵥵ĺ˼䡣
ܼ꣬̾˿˵Щ꣬үһֱԸʮǰүҪб䷨ļλҲУ౾Ͳͬ䷨ļλү͸ˣҲôѹү
ǵеı䷨ݣŵ֪ġ
ƾٸƣȡλУȡȨȨĶ䷨
ǵÿһ䷨Ϊ˴İգҵţףΪʲôҪֹ
ǵ徳ĴѵȻ֮Ҳ٣
ͬôʲô
ŵȻܺ档
еԭܼ˵
ڶһ磬ŵص¡
µĹԱ඼ϳͻҪ֪Ȼࡣ
Ȼǵ͸󣬵˵Ҳһĳ羴
ˣǿҵӵĿģ
ٳƷĹְ͸ҺȨؼҶŸɣʹαҲ
ֹ٣Ϊƶ䷨ĸĸؼ޶ɱȫֻʣһˣǵͷ
ŵ¶𾪣żλϳʵƶģʲô䷨ǻǵ𣿡
һλϳԴ˼̣ۺ룬˵ȻǵãѧƾٸƣȡȨλȨĶ䷨񡭡
˵꣬ͷ̾ϧǶʧˣʱƶ䷨һԱֻʣһ


298 ְ̲
ѧƾٸƣȡȨλȨĶ䷨񡭡
֪ŵΪ˵Ǹס
䷨ݣ͸ǵţһģһ
ı䷨ȸǻ˶ʮꡣ
Ӧ˵ǵı䷨ֻǵ䷨ļ̳С
Ȼͬı䷨ţ൱ΪҪǣ
⣬ֻԼ֪ˡ
ŵϤʷҪ䷨ЩݣȨҵĸ棬ƾһЩԱȥںţǲܳɹġ
ĵͬ
Ƭǧ֣꣬ôĸĳǻʼңҲû취ǵĸ
ǹȨҪıһ״ֻͨ
ϧĿǰĴģûܸҵ
ңλ
ҷս¸ո¶ͷͻᱻְ
ЩսǵʿǺֵþġ
ѡ
ҲҹԱڰԭ
ŵ˽ж飬ǵ߾ܰҺȨԴ䷨ðչϸõӡ
ڴ֮ǰװˣȴʲôҲı䲻ˣԲȥ顣
֮ǰΪŵûʲô˵ġ
վԼĽǶȣֻúð참ԼʵͬʱҲΪЩ飬谭Ͽɡ
ϸ˼⣬䷨ƺһתۡ
ҲãҲã䷨ʧ֮󣬶Ǳһˡ
Ƭ̺ŵ뿪£Ϊȥ̲׼
˿̣ڣ߽һ÷壬Ѿſֱϡ
һӣʵ£
꿴˿
һ£ʶ˼֮󣬵ŭСӣʲô˼ѵʲôܵű˵
ûϵģ˵ɡ
ŵشˣ˾ڲ鶫ʱ鵽һµ
ʵ˭
͵ʹһУɱӣҪĺϵĻס
һӣһ˼һߵŶ˵
ǲ鵽Ҿƶ֮ܽԺѧϰգΪһֱڱĬĬˣΪͣڳΪ٣УǹٵصƶӵܣΪʦ
ʵ̰͢ˣ
ǿһۣȻû⣬ֻĶʦͣ͵Ķʦǵ࡭
ûʲôĶȴ΢΢һ١
Ļ֪ò˵ֿ˴һۡ
ŭվָл˵ƨͷţٸҿŲű㣿
ûֹֻ˵»ɣʹһĻٿأ飬һɺϣξͱȻˡ
ȻĿź꣬ʵ֪֪Լ˵ʲô
ѹ
ǵ徳Ĵ壬ѹ
˵ȥû˻ţ˵仰ˣҲᱻɵӡ
˵ǸʱѴģ徳Ĵ嶼ᱳѴġ
ʱȴɵһŵʵ˵Ĳİɣ
ղЩ¾͵û
ʶԣ˵ͷ
ô
û˸ȥ徳Ĵ壬հǸʶ˭ҹȻᱻȺ֮ӡ
ѹ˵ᱳһЦ
꣬˵Ǻúò飬У϶ʲôᡭ

񲿵Ķܿ죬죬µĹٷˡ
ٷģŵ͵̲ˡ
̲ɱ񲿺ͺϤˣ÷Ҳǵռһ䡣
һжôϤĿڰϣֻؼһĸо
ԭ̲УѾʷ̨ˡ
ʷ̨ͬ޷ң𾴣ŵҲûʲôԲġ
̲ɺ̲飬ŵǰǲ̫죬Ժ򽻵ĻһЩ
͵̲ľڣ͵ŵһ飬Ȼݽؼӡͽ̵˾ͻЧ̺̣Ҫһݽ¡
ֵףصľڣ̲ܵ빿ľڶѻɽ
̲Աԣһͷ۵飬ÿ춼ܰʱá
ŵ˵Ͳľڣһӡõֶˡ
Ϊ̲֮ӵִȨ
ٶȣҪȵʱûݵʱöࡣ
һ죬˳졣
͵Ʊƻ޾ڣŵŷӡ£ɬ
ֻ˰죬̲ЩӶѻɽľڣȫˡ
֪Ϊԭ򣬻ǹְƥԭ򣬷Ҳ˺ܴ
ֻҪӡ£һգҲֱӸ֪Ϊı仯
˵ľͽ̵СӣΪͽ̫СˣԾְģҲû취֪΢ı仯
ƺ΢ı仯Ŵ
о⣬ᵼΪ͵ģŵΪģ˵о󣬷һߣݽɺ
վ˸ȫĹͷǵ
̲߳ʱѾĺܸˡ
Ӱ̲档
Գ麵εģŷϻơ
̲ſڿģˡ
ôˣϻ˾ȻҲˣŵЩ⡣
͵ǲ㣬
ŵҲûж˵ʲô˵ؼҰɡ
ϣŵʱʱһ۶ˡ
ˣǰЩ̫һ֮⣬ŵǰΣξͻΰɣǰΣܱá
˵ΪŬ֮£ʱ䣬νһǧ
ΪУһ겻С
һʱ䣬˵Ϊ»
˿ڳϣĿʱʱɨһŵ
Ǹ˵Ҫ֣ôأ
ڼҵʱμ˺ڡ
˿̵ֻˣȴ֪˵ʲô
μ˺ˣʱ룬ܾЩ¡
ȻӦԼɷ򣬵ѾǱ๫ʵ
ֻ˾ͺˡ

ڶ죬ȥ̲֮ǰŵȽܼһЩ顣
ϵʱһЩŵܿʹˣʣµʱ䣬Щ¡
ؼҳ緹ŵ鷿飬ܼ߽ŵȲʵ鵽𣿡
ͨİӣ漰Ȩ͹Աİջ
̲֮˴Ʒ·ٵʸ
ܼҡҡͷ˵Ʒ£ĹԱүɱˡ
ŵ룬ʵƷأ
ƷϵĹԱҲûа취̲ȵȵְ֮ٲ顣
ܼҼҡͷ˵Ҳүɱˡ
ŵģʵȨأ
ȨȻȨȨҲҪ۵ġ
һΣٴһ͵ΪԺİջˡ
ܼε̯̯֣˵ɱȨϴζʱͱүɱˣʣµģûʲôѱ


299 Թʹ
ĵֻ̲æ˰죬ŵͳˡ
ˣ̲
ػľڣһ˾ܸ㶨
ΰãƽҲûʲôذҪ
ŵЧ֮ǰѹð̲棬ȴҲûмԩġ
ǰԩ죬ûԩ
Ϊ֮ǰ¼̲ԼܵطãչһɨڳרԼΧĵƦԣˡ
εΣŵţն׵նףбɡģǵıɡһ
жһԵģѳ̬һΣܵѴ
ŵһЩ̰
κξϴεĶһɢܵеͲԱѾѪϴһ顣
ʡĸ߼Աͬ˲٣ûҲܵǣչְ
Ȩ⼸£ӵӣʣģҲβˣŶٳŵܲƽ޹ʵ鷳
ң£ǨȨ󣬻ڲϱࡣ
ÿ죬Ȩټ볤
ȨȦӣĻ̡̻
ҲǴʲô£˺üȨ
ֻһλӾ
̲鰸ŵҲȥֳˣûвʲô
вȨǳ׻ˡ
֮ǰɱЩȨٻиͷ֮ˣĿԵɱȨ
ȨǶŻѪǸ߸ϵģ벻Ȼ˽ǡ
Ƿ׷飬Ҫ͢˰
ʡҲȷԴºӣº̲һҪץ֣ûͷûβİӣŵз䣬Ҳ鲻һ
Ϊ˱ܻʣȨǣҲʼģ볤
һ磬̲ûµľڣҲûµİӣŵǬ˰ļ١
̲£ڼҶӺͰ
޷ҲɸΪ֮ûаӣôŬҲûá
֪Ļø׸ҵˡ
ôˣôɱˣʵ˷Ѱ
԰Уŵոոͼ˵һ٣ŮҽҪģڼ䣬һЩ滺֣̥
ǱҪ빬ʦģŵڣȻͲˡ
ŵδиѾܵϢƿṦܼ߹˵үˣ˵Ҫү
ŵʵʲôˣ
ܼҵ˵Թʹ
ŵһ£Թʹʲô
ѾǺةˣ˵ʹʲô飬ҲӦȥ£˽˸ۡ
Ȼ֣Ǿȥ
ϾԹʹݣֵӵġ
ͬΪ֮һԹʹĵĹϵǱȽܵһУһֱѺõڰ
ĺԹʵ֮УڿֻбȡůŲڱ̲
Ͼɶһͳ£Ǵ½Ψһİ
һб䣬ΪʵȻȱ̲Ķ
԰ſڣһר͵ķ䡣
ŵʱѾӰڷڵȴˡ
һһ٣һһŮŵԽӴǣЩӡԹʹŵĴ֮ˣŮӣԹʹŵʹ֮һ
ԹʹţŵӡҪΪһЩ
ΪԹʹУмλŮ١
ԹŮˣԹһԵĲͬ
߶ŵ˹֣˵λˣּˡ
ŵ£ܼһ裬Ȼŵ֪λʹұٺ£
ŵû˵Ѿٵκة˵Ѿ뿪ˣѰʹʲôҲܴΪת¡
΢΢һЦûش⣬ǵӢ۳꣬ʡ˲Ȩƣŭ⵱࣬ʵҵȾ塭
ŵʡԺվżˡ
˰֣
Цһ㶼ûйʹư֮ʱϷҲڳдܳʵǴĳ֮͢
ŵ׵
Ҳûж˵ʲôλԹʹ϶רάģŵڵԼ˵Ŀġ
Ȼ˵仰֮߻һת˵˲ţĳ͢Ӧòǣû뵽ǲãѹˣ˴󹦣ȻֻƽҵˣҲЩȥ
ŵ˿ڲ衣
Ϊ˼Ѱȥ
̵Ѿ㹻˳˵Ϸ֮ǬൽԹ٣Ϸ֤Թܵί
ŵһڲˮЩ˳ôû뵽λԹʹȻǽǵġ
ŵ²豭ܿĻؾǸʱû㡭
ˣѣڴģôȥԹ٣
˵ôãòײ̲еλãûȥԹ
ʱһֱûпڵλŮٿڵλ˿ˣǲ㱳ѴģĺԹụʹڣֻҪԸʹԹǰꡭ
ŵ˰֣˵Ǹ
ŮٵΪرǿִԹ̲£Լһʱ䡭
ŵĻ˻ȥ
̲£¡ţƹɣǿն鳼Ȩ˭˭
ĵ̰ȨѾɱľˣ̲УÿеĲУڴģԹȻһƬδѵķ
ܽЩһ򾡣徳ڰ
ŵûܾ̾Ůٲδߴ˵˲üŻظ࿼һЩʱգȵݷá
˵գ˾뿪
߳԰֮ʵǹʦ˵𣿡
Ůҡҡͷ˵ʵҲȷ
΢΢һ㶣˵ʦǰˣ
Ů££ǰķ˿˵ʦһ֮󣬱Ѫֻ˵ҪҵڴģҼʱȻ֪


300 
԰
ŵߵĵСͤ˼
ĳñɱѾʺзˣһֱ̲ٶȣӵľ޵徳Ҫʮϡ
Ҫ֮ǰ߽ݾѸƾֻ͹ıȻһȺ
飬
ʱЧķı
ķңڸ֮С
ŵһˣҲˣѡ
˺ͰոջУ϶ܺһȥζҪꡣ
ͻƵ徳Ļᣬ
Ӹң徳̤ǿ֮С
ŵԵ徳ǿߣûл֮
ڵķ⣬ֻһʱģδľƣ˭ҲԤϲ
õľ棬һҹ֮䷴ת׵ĳ֮࣬һ׵̨ҪԵģ޾ĵˡ
ŵһֱ׺ǣΪǵ
ԹΪṩһᡣ
ᣬȻǲܵġ
˼Ƭ̺Ѿ˾
ʱһŲ
ŵת˺ͰЯ
ϰԵϣʵʲô﷢һˡ
ŵĬƬ̣ǽǡ
˺Ͱ֮󣬱˴˶ӣ֣˵๫ȥɣͰչ˺Լģõǡ
ҲЦЦ˵Һͼ˽㲻ߣǱ߲մǲݣȵٸǴһû
ŵͷᵯһ£ȥԹǸɴ£ȥ椵ġ
Ǹͷܼ˵ʲôмԵ°춼飬ûʲô
ѯʹǵ֮ŵѾ˾
˺ͰڳܵõϤĵչˣȷûʲôõĵġ
ѣ֮󣬻üĺӳ
Ҫ֪ס
¡
ŵ߽÷ʱ򣬿ڷľڣڽԼԼ壬һĲֺ
ŵ߽֣˵ã㱾塣
ײǴ䣬ƹ˾ÿҪľڲŵҲżʹ塣
ǰΧֻԶѣƽʱֻĽ壬κʹµʱȴʮֵӦ֣ŵԼ⡣
ΧǴ½еһϷǸˣضἸ֣ץ˶ˣĳһںϵʱΧˮƽ˳Ҳˣֱ˿̲ŷ֡
ӣȵµĲɲ˵ԶǸһģһǫ顭
֪ʲôʱæе飬ߵŵ󣬿ʹ塣
Ŵ˼ʱ䣬ŵýǼ߸ס
û˵ʲô;ȵ˵ʲôȥԹúõģȥԹʲô
ŵڵΪԹʺС

Ƭ̺󣬴ŵ뿪ıӰôܴӦأԹֲǳҪǳʲôô죿
ŵղŵ֣˵ӳˣԼ뷨ҲԼ·Ҫߡ
ƺ뵽ʲôƵ̾˿Ϊп
·Ҳ߰
ŵѾλӣҪˣԼǸһÿŲŲֻᵷһľͷ˯Ǳľͷ˯ġ
治֪ǶľͷʲôõģѵܻӲɣ
ʡ
ٽףʡΪæµ
֮ʱҪһЩһ棬ǡʹڴᣬúϵĺնͨʡö
գ˺ڣʡĹԱСġ
Ϊʡ
ϵĹְƹʡ⣬Ҷ໹£κһǶȨ֡
żʡһߡӣͬʱδģץλԱ©λԱԻᱻѵ̧ͷ
ںͰ࣬ʡĹԱȻࡣ
ĳ÷֮ڣվսսġ
ղģߡӡ
аǧʲô©
ʲôʲôʱ򣬿üͷ
̿Ƿ£һǷʷ̨ĳλԱߡӣϣ̨͢ӵе˰Ķ趨ޡ
ߡӣǲͨġ
ɲһߡܾ顣
λԱҲ߿ʡ
ʡЩ顣
ಢûΪǽߡյС
˵͢涨ЩߡӣҪͳһ˽ԽãҾࡣ
Ŀһߡӡ
һۣԷġ
ǺµߡӣչӦһʹǰԹˡ
ĺԹΪѰĺ˴ǲʹҲģЩʹһһֻʹعʡҪⶨһʹˡ
ͷһۣʵγʹԹʹûУ
æ࣬ǰЩӣѾˡ
øҿ
ԼĳȡһĽࡣ
࿴ֽ֮дһ֣˵Ͱɡ
˵꣬ȥ
ӹĿȥһʵīǼԾĴ֡
̲Уŵ
̾˿Ȼϴʡŭ࣬൱ڶ飬ô׽
ʹԹȻʲô£һʹǨܳһʱ֮ڣڳǿˡ
뿪ʡصʡ
߽÷еӽ˻¯֮У¯ȼյܻ棬˵ˣ֪ߵغ񡭡


301 뷨

ĳȨۡ
ŵԺʬ壬üͷ
ҹڣһȺ̣ͬʱɱģĶӡ
˶Ǳһ֮ǰ̵ЩȨͬ
̶̰ڣѾǵȨ̰ˡ
ЩĻ֣Ӧͬһˡ
̲ʲô鲻
̲ؼ˾һ
ֳûκκۼⲻͨģŵ²⣬ӦʦΪЩȨϵĻʦҪɱǣ練ơ
ôöûץ֣ȨѾ̲ʹˡ
ץǵʱ򣬺顣
ҪΪԼµʱ򣬾ȫ֮
ȨֻԼԼϧؽӶĻʹóӶ۸ǣЩĻܿͱԤһ󣬻ٶҲ벻
ŵһĻص̲
Ȩɱ˰ͨ˼ʹϵŲˣͺư
̲÷ûһӰ˽
ԱŵĶŵ֪ʡگˡ
ԤϵǣʡگǴ̲ư
گ飬ŵһ˵ġ
ʡİţҪʹųʹԹʹʱ꣬ٸʹŻس
ΪǸװŵģʹ֮󣬲ŵ֪ǡ
γʹԹʹŵѾˣŵ֣ϵġ
֮ǰ໹ֻǰȥеţεãһگɵˡ
һܷԼ
ʱܺ԰
ΪɣŵĵȻ֪ģиӣ˵ϴʡ㻹̫嶯ˣҪԸ㣬ַ
ŵûз£ȷʵܹڵĴѹٽְʲôġ
ȨΧ֮ڣкܶΪİ취ġ
罫볤ֱʹѰԴˣ˭˵ʲô
üʵѵͲܾܾ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵͢İţûоܾء
ŭ˺ȥƹ٣Ҳգ
ֻ˵ʵʹԹҲȻǻ£ʹξǺʵģȵպصǨΪ˳
ԴĹԱ˵ʹԹʵǸ
ֻᣬʲô˶ֵ
ʹ⣬ܳ͢Ҳʲôһֵϴ꣬٣һְλϿాöˡ
ͨĻᣬЩľ߱ӵܵġ
˵ңԹҲδҪ꣬ϸһصģҸɣӦúܿƷˡ
໹˵ʲôŵЦûµģãҲȥԹһˡ
͢İţ⣬ʡԼ롣
վԺſڣЩ㵣ҪȥԹ
һȥһôã
˶ˣô֣
սĽŭǸļһǲƭ
ƭƭ
תȥ
ĸ˹ŵһЩ顣
е֪͸׵ı䷨ȷЧµࡣ
Ϊƶ䷨ȫֻʣһˡ
ʱ࣬ҹԱľ֧͸ڣеĹԱʮֳ羴
Щ꣬ţһЩ仯
Ӽı䷨ɣ˱صسɣ֧κα䷨
ǵı䷨һֱ
ûסʱļӣҲֵ
ĲҰ֮͸׾ͳ׾ѣڳ֮ʱԡ
뵽һ£ʵһȥôԶĵطȫô죬Ǹ࣬òȥɱɣ
ҡҡͷƶⲻܡ
䲻ΪԲ顣
ŵû̻ش
ȫ˵ȷʵһ⡣
˵յŵѾӵһЩԱ֮ҲֻӦʦ֮¡
ڳα˴ɱǧԹزģ϶ûڼſڰȫ
λԹʹȻȻҲᱣİȫ
˵ҪҺһȥ
ŵûڣͶȻ˵У㻳ˣһʧ
˵ΪѾǵľ۷塣
ǷκһλʦĶ֣˺ʦҲһս֮
ܺȥԹȻҲԡ
ܼ˵ҺүȥԹɡ
һۣ˵ϸ첲ȵģȥʲôã
ܼĬĬͷ̾ϢһŹȥһֻ࣬үȵķݶˡ
ϻƵʵ㹻ڳλٷˡ
Ŀ⣬Ȼſڡ
һӰ߽
˸ոǸƭӵ̯ӣҪӣȴŭδ
ǸϼһȻƭģ
ôãǿʹˣһһٳ
ԵѵƭģЩҲƭģԺҲʲôˡ
ߵߣޱȣƺҪеŭȫйһ
ԶԶĿ૵ʱ䣬˵ΪвС
ŵĽ̵еٶȣҪԼĶࡣ
Ҫ˶ãʵ׷ϼˡ
꽣ϴ裬վں֣ͤ˵ˣ
ߵͤʵôˣ
ĻһȻȷŵʵңһȥԹ
˵ͷ˵һȥԹҲİȫ͹һȥãǻˣ˱
ˣ˵һȥ˴иӦ˵ʵʦҲԱ֮㲻ԸĻٰˡ
Ը⣡
ҲûĴӦ־ôӦЩ죬ǲ˵вУڳҲķˣȥطҲá
Դ˵Ǳȥģ
Ƭ̺Щ˼³š
ãӦðӻǸģ˳Ǹ


302 ˵
ͷ
߱ͷǽǣ˵ҲƭˣϢŭϢŭ
û뵽һΣλŮûжʲôݸһƱ˵Բ𰡣ղŲӦ̯ӵģǮ͵⳥ˡ
ֱŮ뿪߿ǰһһƱЩɵԼһơ
ۡ
ƱҲġ
һʱã̯ӣָôӣĳ
˺Ÿص԰ǰδеĺá
ʱһ֮ڣ࿴μˣ˵Ҳģڣܱ֤ȫ֮䣬ҲܻӦأ
μ˵˵ͷ˵Ҳá
Ƭ̺뿪䡣
ںˣ̾˿
ĸ׵ģֻܰˡ
飬
ڣӦúϲҸһ
ֱ⣬ԵˣԲˣԵˣֶԲˡ
õĽ취ǶԸ
һˣܹܣοá
ڣż˵ĸ첲˵ϣץסλᡭ
˵˼κ˶
ڵˣ
ĸܡ
μȻҲ
ˣʼձΡ
ΣջۣԽԽࡣ
๫ܣЩҲ˵˵Ըʵ䷴
һ߳䣬ߡ
ˣʵˣ˵ҪȥԹ
սֲһйʱ䣬μ˺ʱЩĸо
𽣣˵˵ҪȥԹǶˣʲô취
Ц˵鷳ˡ
˻˻֣˵Ҳûʲô飬˳ȥԹһ档
ʵ㵽ʱ򣬿ɲ԰һæ
ʵʲôæ
ǿ๫һҪЩĵŮ˽ӽҲ֪λʦ˵лмעԵģҵţҲʲô˾ܽ
Լ˵ؿڣ˵Ƿİɣһúÿģմǲݣ
ЦЦ˵ллˣ
˺˵
ϸ˼ղ˵Ļ΢΢һʵ˵ʲôǾʲô
ε˽㻳ж㵽ˣȻһλңע๫мԵҲֻܽˡ
뿪ıӰ˵УĪ˿

ԷʱŵĿˣʵҲҪȥԹ
˷¿ӣʵô㲻ȥ𣿡
ŵϵôᡭ
˵Ľ裬ټΪʦ֮£Ѿ޵ˡ
˵ʦ֮£۽ʦҲԶԶȲ
ټŵͷҵϣʦҲһս֮
˺ɱʦʦһʱҲκβǣĹֻҪֳһ㶯ò˶ãͻǰ
ֻŵһˣﻹûס
˵Ļʲôõˡ
꣬ԼͻƵʦ
вģʦǲôĵ
Ĺǿߣҷ
׿Щ磬и˵˵Ҳܲ
ϣŵǺͼ˰һ˯ġ
ϾҪ뿪ˣȻҪϧ뿪֮ǰÿһ졣
ȻŵŮҽ֤˯Բ֮ǲŴӦġ
˯ǰŵֿһ顣
һŵҲоҡ
ԴӼ˻֮ŵͶҲŨȤ
ң֮صģû֮һ
ߣǷң϶εݺܿ˵˼룬Ǿ񹥻ˣҵ漰һ档
ǿأǶҵ֪
ҪʵԵĹǿԸհ˵֮䣬һ˴ֱ꣬
˰Ԥ⻹δ飬֪
ŵͼ˻ûǣֵʱԤ⵽ǵĺӻһ˫̥
϶ŵԵʱŵͰŸոʶá
ŵһ֣ƺѱǰ滮õĸо
Ȼңָо
ǲ׼ȷԤԵã֪һ˵
ƺ˵ǰ滮õġ
ŵһһǷ桭
ϧͷûиᡣ
⣬ҵأںҪһ㡣
ңңݺңй߾ʥ˵ļأΨûС
ֻе
˵УЩͻƵ߾ңһ⣬ں̵ܶʱڣʧˡ
ձΪΪ̫̽ӶܵǴ
ͻƵ߾ʱӴ֮ͬʱҲǴӶֱĨȥ
ŵʱӱſϣʵ˯𣿡
ŵ飬˵˯˯ˡ
е飬ȻʵҲ𣿡
ŵСܵĽȻǲġ
һһĹ
ѧ磬Ȼǲȫõġ
ڵڣͲˡ
Ƴһۣʵ๫˼ǣ㻹мԵҲˣ
ŵһͣ
΢΢һЦ˵İɣȻעҺͼ˽Ҳ㣬Һͼ˽㶼ϤˣԺദҲ֡
ŵ˿ǿЦ
ˣҲûʲôı顣
ǶϤˣദ֡
ŵʵ˵ˣ


303 
ŵ˵ˡְ֣
̵ĶҲ΢΢һ١
Ҳˡ
ԡ˵ˣ
˶Ϥģദֵģ˷֮⣬˭
ܲ˰ɣ
ŵȻʶʲôĿٴͼˡ
ǰɣ˵ˣ
˵˵
Ƭ̺
ŵ߳䣬һϡ
̧ͷ췱ǣоúԩ
л˵Ҫգ˺ˣǷ˺ǵĹϵã˭һʱ뵽ˣôܹأ
ŵ̾˿ȥ鷿պһʱԶĺߣӰɫ»ζ
߹ȥ
ǴСϸҪ棬Ҫȼ˸Ŭ
֮ǰΪйԭ򣬼˵ʵҪǿһЩ
ڣѾҪˡ
ŵ߹ȥʵ˯
˻ͷ˿˵һһô˯
˵ǱǸϳʡδЩˣŵںߵһʯϣ˵Ҳߣÿ
˼ŵһ߿š
ϰߺ˵ദϾδ꣬ңԶֻΪˡ
˻ͷŵһۣ
ʵԭһͻȥϢġ
˿̣ȴı⡣
һֱŵŻطϢڶһЩ
ΪҪʹԹʮ֮ǰҪ뿪󲿷ֹԱһȥ꣬͢Ҳ뿪֮ǰǷһ١
Դŵ֮󣬸ͻһ١
ϴ֮߳ţ
Ŭ̶ȣŵѣǰʵأ
ûͣϵĶ˵ȥˡ
ϵ飬ûӰ쵽Ǻͷ˵Ĺϵ
ŵʵôȥ
Ƴһۣ˵ҲŬô㣿
ŵû˵ʲôĬĬԲԶһͬʱ˼Ű˵Ļ
˵ĲǷˣǾֻˡ
˼ǣ찲ŵԵ󣬼ȻһжעҪһҲᷴԡ
˵ʱ̬ȣĬϡ
ΪŮˣûʲôĻΨһ谭ĸˡ
ĸ˶̬ȣ͸տʼʱȣǷ˷츲صı仯
ҪȢŮ֪᲻ͬ⡣
һ彣ߵŵߣɻʵʲô
ѾŽ﷢˺һĴˡ
ŵع˵ǳϦˣҪθ
΢΢һ㶣û⡣
֮ǰÿһϦǺĸһģûʲôر֮
ĳϦ˵Ӧθġ
Ͼֲʲôˣڱ˼ҹĵ
ǣʲô˼
ϣԼ
˳ĬƬ̣С˵ңҪȥ
ԴӼ˻кÿ춼԰
߹һƺлҪ˵ԥԥӣʵôˣ
µãʵϦʱҪҪμң
֪ŮĪĸ࿴һۣȴδȷĻشֻ˵ѾˣԼԼ꣬޸˭ͼ޸˭ֻҪԸ⣬˭ܲš
Щ죬ǰʲô鶼ԼȴԽԽˡһʱϰߡ
Уʲô޸˭ͼ޸˭
ʹһ䣺޵ˣѾأ
Ϊĸ׻Ѿ׼
û뵽鲻䣬ֻǵ˵ҲԼѡģֻҪԼھˡ
Ƭ̺˻л㱵뿪
ĸ׵̬ȣԤϣǲڰʾ
ߣŵ޷ҵʱҲ˵㣬ǿЧǺԵġ
һӰԶŵһۣ˵
£ż㣬˱ɹ˺棬˺ͤϡ
ŵֻߺϵĳȡ
ÿһͬҵľȻսϣҪǿͬߣȴľһȥ
ߵͤ˵ĸˡ
תʵҾͲĨˣˣﵽôģ

ʲô㵽ϲϲˣ

˵Ĩǣһ㶼Ĩǣŵһ׼ʱ䶼ûС
ҲȷʵҪʲô׼
ŵ˵ͷ
˵û˵壬ֻΪͼ˳һģһһ㲻ںĿ޸ˡ
ĸͬͬ⣬ⶼʵ
ԣû˿˵ҳϣ飬ĸԴңҵˣҲӡ
ŵ΢΢Ŀ
˵˶ĳϲ㣬ǱҲӦǷޣϣҸҲҪ˺ˣҵ˼𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ס
ǱߣѾʾ˵ʾˡ
ĸҲûκ谭
֮ǰǵ⣬Ѿ
࿴ŵĵ˵ͷ˵ȥԹҺò׸ǴĻᣬϣܺúðգҪʧ
뿪СͤʱŵЩȻ
Ƿ
ϣǰĸ˵̬ȣЩá
뿪֮˷ɿܵŵߣʵղź˵ʲôˣ
ЩȻǲܸ˵ġ
Ը񣬿ܻ𵽷Ч
ŵҡҡͷ˵ûʲô
Խ˾Խ档
ŵһۣ˵˵
ŵûʲô
˵˵ٲ˵Ҳˣ
ҿô

μͷ߽԰ԶԶĿĳŵ˰һϣǵĽǶȿȥ˰ǿһ
¶Ȼ֮ɫμ˶һۣ֮࣬һֺòȴһ׮µĸо
Ҳ̫˰ɡ


304 Ťת
ȥĳϦŵڴȹġ
Ǹʱ򣬼ֻˣǹҲûʲôΧ
ȥ壬ҪֵĶࡣ
˰꣬ӺͰ£ҲûлҹݺҲһˣһҵʹ˹ӡ
Ĵ󳯻ᡣ
ƷְŵѾ˲볯ʸÿĴ󳯻ᣬҲǲȱϯġ
󳯻ϣŵٴμĻʡ
ȥȼǰࡣ
ò˵פֻ˭ãѾʮĸ䡣
֪о֮ȴû֪ôطġ
ŵϤ֮֮УֻҽҸ߾
ҽٵãҲҽص㡣
ҵĵܻӣҽҵ徳ܻꡣ
ʷأҽҵɵĻꡣ
߾ҽңǰ֮䣬ܣͶʮࡣ
ֻ磬ҽû䣬ľͺ˲ˣ½徳ҽңһֶֻùĸһûС
˴δ󳯻ᣬûʲôҪ⡣
һЩϳҪȷ̫ӣ²ûӦ
Աԭ븽͵ģ¾ȣǻȨʮӣҲĬĬı͡
ȽҪģǼҪٰĿƾ٣ţֲ֣µѪҺ䡣
ֵһǣδ󳯻ϣһҪͨ
¼λԱ࣬ϣһɷĸ
ĸҪݣȡƶȣȡȨ󽵾Ȩ˺Ȩ󷸷һɰմɴá
ÿ꣬йԱš
һ⣬ÿһΣ⵽Ȩļ巴ԡ
ΣԵȨ١
ΪμӴ󳯻ȨѾˡ
еһ֣Ϊı永ɱһ֣Ҳ˳ܻμӴ󳯻Ȩȥһɶ
֮ʷ̨̲һʱҶҲʾ֧֣һʱ䣬ʡ·׷վ
ôԱ֧֣Ǳ£ҲһУֻͬ⡣
ϽʣЩȨȻԴ˼ԣᣬվûܸı֡
ҲζţԺԺ󴥷ɷֻͨ
ӵƵˣҲˡ
ڴĵȨ˵ȥİ꣬ǵʱ̡
ڴĹԱǷҹԱ򶼼ѡ
ˣǰûɵ飬ˡ
һ󹦼ˣȻ޷ҵġ
¹Ա࣬˭⣬ҲԲ
˲ŭԹ顣
ҳ֮ʿֱӻӵ֡
ĹҲʷϾƲȥģȨ󷸷ͬȱû취飬һַˡ
ÿȨı䷨⵽ȨǿҷԣӶʧܸա
ΪȨû취ԣĪе췴ı棬ѪϴȨȦӣһģҲɢӡ
ɣЩӣڶȨ̰ǲǾǬġֻҪȨˣȻûܷˡ
ʵҲ
ǰΪɱˣΪ˵Ϊ˰﴾λ
ڣãĪǵĽڣ
ûٹȻ䷨ˡ
䷨ĿģȴһĴɡ
ʮǰϣܶ͢࿪ѧ¼ȡһЩƶźŵӵܣСҶԳõİѿء
Ǵεı䷨ûɹڣҶԳõİѿأȷʵȶʮǰСˡ
Ȼԭɱ˺ܶҵˣ˵ҶԳõİѿСûСɣ
ʮǰҪͨȡλУӶȨͬʧܶա
ȻȨĴлڣȨνǶ½
ȻҺͷңĹȴеҷҹԱҪա
ô飬ʡûг̨ϢѾ䡣
Ȩ󷸷ͬ
ڵķΧȲյ𶯡
˭Ҳû뵽ոտ꣬İվյôһݴ
ǳ׷ڡ
Ҳʱǲޱʶ泳Ҫʱûи壬Ƕôȷ顣
Ǽү
Ժ˭ٸ˵Ǽ˺졭
Ǵָ㣬ҪȻԩˣ
ҿ踺ذ걳壬Ҳ֮٣ûô϶ᱻȨǺͲнˡ
һֱ
Ƴ֮ǰۣабᡣ
һնǿޡ
ʡ
֮ʡĹԱصܽᡣ
ܹԵĿ鲻λԱڳϳҲֻ赭дǾûǰ𱸡
ԭҲܲ³
ȡȨȨȨ󷸷ͬ䷨š
Ǹʱࡣ
Ȼʱʮ꣬䷨ݣվʵˡ
ֻʵ䷨ٴģȴУֻ֪뷨

Ǵ󳯻һ죬ʱŵٴӭλԹʹڡ
λŮٿŵʵǼ飬֪˿ǵˣ
ǻ֪ʹԹ顣
ŵ˵ͷ˵ҿԺȥԹҪңҪҰʲô
Ůԣ¶ϲɫͷ˵ʵҲ֪
ŵȻĿ
ԼæԼҲ֪Ҫʲôæ
ôãЩ̫ס


305 ȫ

ԹŮٿŵ˵ֻҪĻӳɹǻǴӦ飬һ
ǴģŵĴˡ
˰죬ִԹ̲ؼº£ȻҲǿͷ֧Ʊ
ˣȫˡ
ˣǵҪԼʲôæ
ԹϻʵۣԤеԼ޽׼λĸеһλ
һʱ֮ڣԹλӣͬʩչܣ˭ɫ˭ܳΪԹһλʵۡ
ԹɲʲôСһǻΪۣӵϵȨӵеΪ
λΪ˵õλȻֶξ
ˣǴԹĻӣŵǰԹæġ
Ҳ˵ŵִԹɷһʱǰǣðԹĻӳɹûλ
ҪⱾ£ȥԹ
ŵ̲סʵΪʲôݺң
飬ݺרҵԿڣڷҵҵΧ
Ůҡҡͷ˵ݺҹǣǾܾˣݺһıƣֵΡ
ŵʵǾˣ
Ůٵʵ뿪Թ֮ǰһλһԣ˵ܰﵽǣǲġ
ŵȵҲ㣡
ǲ㵽Щȵģ˾ȻĸĹˡ
ⲻǲ㣬ǣ֮󣬱Ȼ⵽ɡ
Ůٵͷ˵ʦһ֮󣬾ˡ
λҵŵԤϣЩʵô֪ҾܰﵽǵˣλʦҲ㵽ˣ
Ůҡҡͷ˵ûУֻ˵ģǸ˵ʱȻ֪ԤУҪҵˡ
ŵһʱû˵ˡ
ôǣ֪
Ҳǽƭӣ徳ңѾԿ̽
Է㵽ʲô
Ůٿŵ˵֪޷ҵģҿԴӦ㣬ǻˣҲȻ㹻Ĳ٣ڴİջ󡭡
ŵû̻ش
뿪֮ſʼϸá
Ůһ仰˵ĵûڴģУѾˡ
ɱģɱģѾɱˣʲôû¡
жԣȥĶڳá
ԹĻܳɹǻŮٴӦ飬ֻǻʵһ仰
⣬飬һ޴ĺô
֮ݺĹ͡
ʵ۵Ĵ֮ǿͨһ죬ֱݺҵ徳
ݺңһӶڵȴĻᡣ
һ˵ҵˣܶ඼޷ңкܶƵģͬʱС
δ޷ҵͬʱݺңһҪʼչƽһΪĿĲֶΣضᴥɷֻѡһ
ݺõģǹֶΡ
ɶȨǹҼңȵľ˭ֶθڸݡ
ѡ·Ҿİˡ
ﲻԹĻӣһԹǷȥɵġ
Թŵ˽⣬ǵø׵鷿иʷ飬ǰⷽ沢ģ˴ûзĹ
͢ҪƶһȨشɷĸ׻ڴæµ
ڼҵ鷿ŵǿģ߽׵鷿ܿҪ顣
ⱾϣϸļԹʷŵһ֣ûǹͬѡߴλԹһֱĴͳ
ģԹ̫ӡ
ʵۻѡλӣһʵȨǽ졣
ڣΪ죬ܰպͳ͢ϿɵģΪһλʵۡ
ĵĻЧԹġ
ѡĻǣΪ˻ϿɣضŬͬʱҲᶢžߵĴҲʹԹΪУϹԱΪΰΪõġ
ҲᵽԹɴһЩ⡣
ֻŹӽ£ΪǵϢϢأھ֮յǡ
⣬Ȩҵ⣬ҲлӶԸⴥġ
ǵһ;ٴ룬ڱ棬Ϊ˰գȵȵȵȡ
ŵⱾ顣
ԹҪõĶࡣ
ǻྺǰϵģһ˵Щϲֶ̨Ρ
٣ϲá
ܹöϿɣ͸ƾֶˡ
еĻÿڳſʩ࣬еǬֱӸշǮϣܽڰе
ڰգԱָ֧ΪҪҲʹԹ֮͢ڣ£ᵳ֮£һȴ٣й֮
ıʿҲᣬλĻ£Ϊǳıߡ
ֵ֧Ļӳɹǻٲǵķɻڴ
УҲݺҡ
ô˵ʵŵҲǲܰǡ
ֻҪʹʲôıƣ޷ңͬʱݺҡ
λᣬִ֮Ҫȵʮˡ
׿ݺҵǵǺǿġ
ݺҵƿأͷҵĽЩƣЩͬȷһǿһЩ
սһˣݺҺͷҶ
ֻж
ݺܸࡣ
ݺ˵ʱ򣬾һλݺҰг֡
⣬ݺο˵˼룬ҲǷġ
ǺͷҺ䡣
Ȼ˵ݣҪԼѰ֤ݡ
еľ徳ݺΪֻҪ˷ˣͨӰǵ˼룬Լ˵
ϧ֪ݺôа
ݺҺңҪʦģܿԼš
֮ϣȻλľݺҵĻŵֱͨӻõľݺҵΪʩչݺҵֶΣòļ䣬޷Լš
ܲÿҪݺҵʱͨʵ֡
һһɻ
ڵԹӦвݺңʱ򣬿ͨϷֶΣץһʣǲ֪ǻ᲻˵
ŵվǱŻԭλ׼뿪ʱĿȻһ
ⱾԹʷһĿȥ
ֻ鼮ķϣȻдż֡
ݺš


306 ʹ
׵鷿ŵٴΣǰûпⱾ顣
ߵǰⱾݺš
Ȿ飬ŵ֮ǰĽݺҵҪĶࡣ
вϸļ¼ݺҵݺҸɵҲʮϸ£лݺҵ뾳֮Ҫĵطϸע⡣
ݺңʵһȺı⽻ҡ
սʱڣйȺ۲ԣսƵһͳΪĿ꣬Ҫ˲ΪԼıߡ
֮ıġ
ҷڣī⣬ũұʳҽҼݺҲٿȫ֡
Ǹʱ򣬴½ٸңҶʩչ̨
ʱݺңܻӭġ
ܰڹҷչ׳̲ңͼӰҲйΪϱνʢһʱ
ݺڽƣīسɹ棬Ҳ׹
ǶƱ磬ľϢ̣ǵĿģǴٽ沢µĴһͳ
սڷѡϢֻСΪ֮Ļ壬ݺ𽥱ʱ
Ϊ˳ӦʱݺڲҲ˲ͬɡ
ͳɣȻԴٽ´һͳΪĿꡣ
һɣڷô½ػսʱһݺܴչȭš
ҲЩмɣ˴һͳ룬ڸֳϽײߣСȨ̳ٳǨ󵽻λܹǵӰ
ֻҪȨĵطܿǵӰ
ݺҶԣСıı£ıı
ڵµʱ˵Ǻɵ飬Ļӵǻݺɵ󹦼
ⱾУṩݺҵ뾳֮ṩ˼ͬе·
ݺңıƣΪĿģֶΡ
ʼݺңɶıĸ֡
Ǹʱ򣬲зҺݺͬ޵ģңңݺؼ޵ġ
ŵһⱾߡ
еһЩݺƪԼеע⣬ǷǳõģҲݺȱٵḶ́ȥԹ·ϣϸϸĦ
ڽ죬úúϧ
֮󣬾ʹųеĺӡ
ʱǻԹʹһ뿪
һҪôãŵЩ꣬絽ͼ˺Ͱһ𣬻ʱ䣬Ľ˸
ʥʮ꣬³˳С
ʱ򣬳͢ûпãʹڣѾ׼ȥˡ
һ磬೵ӣŶӵʻš
ſڡ
˰ŵ˵ǱҪչ˺Լǵ
ŵ˵ͷͷһ¡
˻˿Ѿ˴ʧɫŮҽŵصһǣ˵ÿ춼ҪңǱմǲݣһ˶ġ
С˶԰΢΢ͷһ֤ӡ
ŵα˱Ľ˵ڼҪԹ
Сĵ˵ͷ
һ˱ˣС˵˼䣬ߵŵߣͬᱧ˱˵ףǴ˳˺Ͱһչ˺õġ
ŵǻָ
ֱʻԶҲǵʱŵŻķ³
ŵ겻ͬ˱ŽĶ棬ͷŽż⣬ǲɵ¶һ˿Цݡ
ſڴĿʹŵĳʧڹٵ֮ϣһӰת߽ţ˳һۡڵˣˡ

ʹԹʹţѾ뿪ա
͢Ҳ̿á
ʹŵĹԱܳʹԹޱĽ
ڸȻʹڣʹԹȴȻͬ˵ǳʹʵܡ
ĳܲ͢ǣԹҲܲǣֻҪΥͣô涼û£Ҳ񲿺ʷǡ
湻꣬٣֪ٹԱζҪֻᡣ
ǣµһ꣬ŸոտãҪһЩֵ顣
ȥĩڴ̣Щص⽻ס
ڰջˣԼʹŵˣϴ˴ĵɡ
ڽգ¶
һλʹڳ¥ʱʱ̡
һ֮ǰһλʹĳ¥ò͵ʱ򣬲СĽԼҭ
ӵֻϵ˽ᣬΪʹź֣ɱλʷʵǴʿ
ȴδס²ţϾ̫Ǵĵĸӹˣ˭Ҳá
ڶ״ĵٲҲûбҪ
λȥĹԱǶӵľĸҲ֮ϣκһɵҪԱ
һҭһϷ϶ΪĵĹԱǶ⡣
Ҳ֪ôģȫﰡ
ȻԴĵʵԲǽκԴľһ¡
ȫǶһ١
ǶţʹŵȻҲš
ΪλԱǱıɱģһʱĳ͢ϣܾ͢ư
͢Ϊ˱ʾӣ̲£ʷ̨˾ã׸ãϲ鰸ûвʲô
ô飬
йԱ뵽̲ŵ֮ǰļ׮ҪӣƵġ
ܿǾͱ֪ŵѾͬʹţʹԹˡ
ӴĵԹˮ·īҸıһǧҲڻ£Ǵ˿̣ѽԹڣܲȥԹٽ
ңʱҲˡ
ʹѾһ磬̻
ʹһ˴ģһλӣλʹ֪ȵǻȥ֮󣬻Ĳ
Щ״ӴģκҲһֱҪȡ
κӣǺ£ﲻãƫƫڴģܻ𵽷ЧڷԴĵ˵Ѿ׼ǲʹţǰˡ
ǧ⣬Թ
ŵ֪뿪֮󣬳顣
ڿʹԼķ֮ڣ塣
ûʲôֻҲûĿռ䣬Ϊǲķʽ
ĳһ̣洫һ
ŵˣ˵Ӱܼסġ
˰һۣ˵ٿˡ
ŵ뿪̣ߵſڡ
򿪷֮վһŮӡ
ŮӺ˲ͣһװü͸һָ߹ʣվſڣŵ΢΢һЦʵˣ̸̸𣿡


307 һ
ŵǰŮ֣롣
ͨ⼸յĽӴѾ֪λԹŮ٣ʵԹ
ԹĻӣͬͬĸ׸硣
֪߽䣬Ƕ΢΢һЦιá
̧ͷ˵ºá
ϵ̷һߣΪŵԹ裬ߵһߣԼĬĬĿ顣
֪֮һڲ裬ȻŵǼ飬֪˿ûУ
εĻᣬʮһʵŵڳʱͿˡ
һ·ϣһֱڵȶԷȿڡ
ǵҲסҪԹˣֱڲ顣
ŵ˼Ƭ֮󣬵˵ͷ˵ϣ²Ҫǵĳŵ
֪¶ϲɫ˵˷ģӦ飬һ
ŵ˿ڲ裬˵¿ϸ˵˵Ļӵˡ
һ꣬ŵѾ֪˴ŵϢ
Թʵ۵䣬ʹĻʵ۲࣬ȴѾԤеԼĴ޽
ĻʵۣܹܵԴڶ߾ҽΪã˵ӦøһЩ
ʵǣʵһ˼֮䣬ͻѸٵٴޡ
ĵǵʵ̫ɡ
ʼ٣ƺǻĴۡ
һʵ۴ٵʱ򣬾ѡ̳ˣȻתȨܻĸһЩ
ʷϣλĻʵּۣ˶ʮꡣ
Խǲ÷Ȩλ֮Խ̡
֮ǰԹʵ۾ȷλ֮ա
λеһλΪԹһλʵۡ
ʱѾȥ˰꣬ĻڼλУھԵơ
СõΪڣҲûʲôͻλõһλ
֮ڣ뾡ԼͬʱĻóҪԱ֧֡
ҪĻλŵҪҲҪΧЩչ
ӱϿʵԹλӣ׳ɹ
ΪĻӴƣһɹǻϻõĺôҲԽ
ŵԹ˵һᾡΪġ
֪һ˵ˡ
֮ŵص䣬塣
͵͵ŲλãŵҲû
жעģһ֣ҪΪŵϴһνţŵһ֣ҪΪϴһνţŵôӮνˡ
һ֣ŵȻˡ
ǰСϣֿĵһʡ
⼸ȻڴϣҲȥˣġ
ż룬Զȥͺˡ
ŵöûж̧ͷӣЦ֪Щʲôӣ˵ˡ

ڶһ磬һԹǡ
ӭǵģԹµĹԱ
½ϵڶңڳ͢ĴܹƵģƶʡƣֻϸ΢ܻ֮һЩ졣
ŵڣһɳʮʹ
Ҫ֮͢䴫ϢԼάĹԹĺϷȨ棬һЩĵˣԹʲô⣬Ҳʹ
ȻǻڴĺԹѰϵ
һЩҵʹݣ˻ڰѼعҵ鱨һЩصļ
ʮλʹרŵʹݡ
ϾǴģʹݵ޵ģֻܱ֤ÿһλʹһ䣬дҵģһСԺӡ
ŵ֮⣬ûһλʹǴŮġ
˵͢һʹʹγʹѵõķݻᣬȻԸܵԼ
һλԹµĹԱŵһСԺ˵ˣˣǵסˣʲôҪģܿڣǻᾡΪá
Ůвɸп
ޣǺãλ˾ʹҪӡ
ЩԱոշͽȥˡ
ŵδԱĳƺ΢΢һЦ˵ˣҪʲôһʹġ
ںµЩ̡
ǹԱ˹֣˵Ѿɨˣλһ·۳Ͷ٣úϢپͲˡ
͵͵ŵһۣаֹ˸ղΪķˣôҲһ£
ŵĿ⣬ʵôˣСﲻǳڼһʱ䣬ֻܴպסˡ
⴦ԺӵȷСڳסСԺ֮һ
ЩסͬһԺӵʹǣһСԺѾܲˡ
˵Ҳû˵ʲôֱ߽䡣
Ҵһϵıһ
תͷŵʵôֻһ䣿
ŵǸ׼ģ˭ҷ˯䣿
˿ŵ˵μˡ
ŵ˰֣˵Ǹʱ㡣
˲پ⣬Щ֪Ŀŵʵô죿
ܲܺ˯һŴɣ
ŵ룬ڵ⴦ҲСһһŴм絲˰ɣ
Ҳܹ˼ԹʹϾǿҲ뵽˳ʹĹңӣСӵġ
һ㶡
ⲻǹһ
뵽ǰ˵Ļ˵ͷ˵ǣǺðɡ
ֲ˵ҲãʲôΣգҲܵһʱ䱣㡭ţ
˵Լ֮Ͳʲôˡ
ԹµĹԱȻ֪ΪʲôǷҪŴСҪҲѰʵףһʱͰȥ죬磬Ҳ˻
ŵܿͲú˷䡣
Ĵߣ˵Ĵұߣ˴ǰԶĵطһ磬ýĴס
ŵƵԼĴǰγ໥˽ܿռ䡣
һ·۳Ͷ٣һУܿ͸ܵһ⣬͸ˣĵڴϣܿ˯ˡ
Ƭ̺߽䣬Ҫڣڴ˯ŵҪ˵ڵĻ˻ȥŵߵߡ
վŵߣô
ϸֳһ˿Ц⡣
Լѡ๫ôÿ
μ˺Զڼǧ⣬õǻȻ˯еŵкȻֳһͷ
һ¡
һ¡
Լ๫һôˡ


308 ˵ڴ
˯һ֮󣬶۳Ͷٵƣһɨա
ŵӴһ
Ŀ͸Ժ
ССԺӣ˽ԺһЩҲṩһء
ŵߵԺӣ˻ͷ˵ˡ
ɫ磬ŵչһ壬˵ҪҪȥ䣿
д⣬𽣣˵ð
ŵһۣѵڳ֮ǰϴһеࡣ
ŵδ룬ԺӽһھУͰˮϴ
һ߳ʹݡ
Թķ̶ȣͳ࣬˵ĸоȴкܴĲͬ
ֱӵĸǣĽֵʮֵǬࡣ
ԹĽֵֻҲݡ
ҲΪ䲼ġڴ֮ǰĵ״ҲԹö١
İգһʼԴ˻΢ʣͿʼάˡ
⣬һ·߹ŵ˺üʩĵص㡣
ÿһʩ㣬Ųͬ졣
ֳ棬ڴĺټ
ԹЩֻ㣬İգһЩĺô
ԹĵļƶȣֻͽΡ
ȨƣõĻ򵥵ĽᵳӪ˽켺ֶΡ
ڽͷһͱµΣͷϣŵÿ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ÿ
ƾͷϲӶÿ
ŵǮֻ͸
һ·һ·ŵ͸Ǯ
һ㣬ͷŵ˫ֶ˶һιŵҲȻ졣
һ·ıǰδеķɡ
ֻˣڲҪμ˷ֵպ˫ˡ
һ˵ġ
ŵĸߵ˹֣ȻУĿĳ
ǰֽǵλãһλ˱źӣڴæ·˿ûע⵽һ˲ʱһѾϢʧˡ
Եŵרҵ۹˶Ŀѡʱİգν׼
ղһΪˮַҪֵĻһ٣ŵԸʮϣС͵ӡ
˵֮󣬿첽˼˵ввǺ⣬Ȼ͵һϡ
׼ɫһĿʱ򣬺Ȼ˴ӱһţһ򣬵˽ֱߵһӿڡ
һˤǺعͷһòʵˡ
Ҫڣ˵ʶʮ͵һûϣŵʱǹû𣿡
пһ£ԷǺηʥ֪ţ֪ʮ͵
λˣʵλǰ
˲ûлش⣬ǵȻ˵ţҪǵŵĹأһΣ´ٷŹ洦ã
˹ڵϣһ߿ͷһߵ֪ˣ
˵סе͵Ķûˣȥдһٱʮ͵𣿡
˿ͷ絷⣬֪֪ˡ
ȵ̧ͷʱλѾˡ
վһ䣬ղ͵ǮˣˣԼǮҲˣ
¶֮ɫΪڣգڹ֮£ȻϢĵǮԷһǵŵĸˡ
ֻϣּա
ޱȣ߳СҴȥ
ԹͷŵǸСλˣ˵㣬ǮˣһǮû٣
˽ӹǮ򿪿˿֮󣬸мллллǸҩǮ˺þòŽ赽ҪǶˣĲ֪ôˡ
ŵһǮҲ˵ЩǮҲš
˰ֵҲҪ
ŵǮ˵Űɡ
촽˶ջûоܾǮ֮󣬴Ŷӹڵϣ˵лл챣Ӷͷˣһ޲֣ͷϣá
˱ֻվŵ߿ţ仰һ֮󣬴ԼĻȡһӣǸ˵ĻУ˵ЩǮҲȥҩɡ
һǧлźӣһͷ뿪
ŵˣ˵ŶȥɣеҪ
ʵʲô£
ŵڼңһȥٸ㡣
ûʣ˵ͷ˵ڼ㡣
뿪֮ŵԹĽֵϣܿ͸һСӰ
û뵽ԹҲеš
ղַʮָҰ·ӵС͵ģ縵ַʹĵŵһޡ
ŵڵһ۾Ϳʱ򣬾ȷǵŵӡ
ͨߵʽжϳԷɱЩһ֣ŵ֪ûܹרҵѵ
ԹȻҲеŵġ
˳ϣԹĵҲһǧ졣
ЩȻӵ࣬ܲס˶ࡣ
ľΪץٸϴΪƿȻҲƿջҪԶڳǴΡ
Թͷһʱͷһۣδʲô쳣Ƿĵ߽С
쵱Ǽ˹͵ǮûˣԼǮˡ
Щ
Ǯ֮ûʱ͵
λǰϢȫַ̾Ϊֹ
ϣԳƵϵʥ˰ɣ
λǰԼˣһȻ϶ñ͹ٸ
ԵҪˡ
Сת߰˸䣬һСԺ֮ڡ
ʱǰ죬ݵͬУӦö湤߽һ䣬ֽʣԺʼдʮ͵
͵ϣ͵٣͵͵У͵͵ƣ͵򣬲͵¹ѣ͵Ա͵Ȩ
ʵŵʱ򣬸Ĺ¸߹Щ
ǹأأҪʵ
Ҳ͵Ҳ͵ҵô
ûҵ޷ýҵֱš
һʼҲϿɵеԭ򣬵ҵ֮òʵͷȫ˵ʱ롣
ȻдЩλǰҲ֪ѡسŵ
ʱţ½мӰ˽͵ｻרŸ飬Ժڳдʮ͵׷ױʾ˲⡣
û¸𣬳Щʲô
͵ôУ
ô£һǸƱġ

⴦ݵ֮⣬ĳСĽ䣬ŵǽϣһӰ߽ǴСԺ
ѾȥҪԵ׵š
ŵƣŵ˭
ҵһݵ㣬ûʲôô
Ҫҵ⴦ݵĹ£Ȼ¶ϣ˳ϣҵĻԼ𻤷ʹߡ
ҵʹ֮󣬾϶£֪лµݣֻҪеĹײҲΡ
ŵã⴦ݵĹҲûг֡
ȻصʹݣѾڷãŵ߽֮Ȳʵȥˣ
ŵԹŵ
ԣǰ΢΢һ
˽˵ڲŵʱ򣬼ٰ˼ķޣȻߵһġ
ŵʵҪץ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵͵͸ԹĻӵˣҲΪ
ţҲһЧ´ģ˾ΪȫԴԴϵͷ˲ţǴһĻӵŵҲܴлöΪ
ҲᣬֻҪһ飬һԹͲ
ͦͦأ׼ˣ
ŵ׼ʲôˣ
˿ڴ˵ٰްǰǼٰ޲ưģΪưҲЩġ


309 
ŵ촽˶ڴʵڲĸʱͬգڵӵзҵľΪһѾҪٺ˭ٰˡ
һˣܽԹ
˼ԭأüô㲻Ը𣿡
ŵعҡͷǲԸ⡭𣿡
Ƴһۣ˵Ǹʱ򶼿ԣҲ𣿡
ŵ̯̯֣˵ûͺá
֣˵߰ɣӡ
֣΢΢һ·𴥵㣬һĸо
ӡ
ڽԼˣ
һӣ֪˶ãм˶ί
Լ๫ȴֻܿͱŮܣбŮӡ
һӡͷһᣬЩ
ãŻع񣬽Լַŵס˵߰ɡ
ʹǲ޵ģҹҲûϵ
ʹݵΧɭϣÿʮʱнѲߡ
Ϊ˷ʱ̽ţŵס졣
䵽ϣŵѡһҿջ
סջҪʾƾ֤ģŵ˵ƾ֤ʹݵʱ򣬺µĹԱͰǰˡ
ǣ˵֣߳ʹݣڽһҿջ˵ƾ֤˵һϷ
ŵԤķǮСĴ֮£ջ¥Ⱦһ䡣
СǴ䣬Ц˵λˣǵķˣʲôҪģԵһ¥ԸСġ
˵꣬͹Ϸ뿪
˿ŷι״ӣзϵƤޣԼڿеӣôЩ߰Ķ
ŵҲû뵽ԹĿջȻôܵЩҲò
Щ߰Ķս˵Щˣʱ磬ϢϣһŲ鰸
˿ŷڽеһŴһʱ֪˵ʲô
ŵߵߣʵ˯滹˯棿

ŵҺͰҲôģİɣֻ˯һŴϣ㲻ĻСһӣ˯ҲС
˰˰֣˵ˡ
ԣʲôԵģ
˯һŴ๫лΪ֤Լ๫˯һŴϣǺðɡ
룬˵ң˯桭
ѵЬӣڴϣ˫ֽץűӡ
ŵߣŵһϤ㡣
˺ͼˣһģһζһģһʼٰӵʱֱ治
ߣһ
ŵ˯ʮְģ˫ץűӣ۾ͷһ˯ⶼûС
ܾãԹ֮ǰһˡ
ǰǿĺ־롣
Դ뿪֮ûָоˡ
ĺ֪쵽׺˵ʲô
֮ǰ˽˵ʱһЩ
ŵһ죬˾˯ͬһŴˣҪô
ƫͷһۣЩССĿġ
˰

ڶһ磬ŵˡ
˻˯һ¥緹ʱѾϴˡ
Թ緹һš
ǶǴݵĹ¡
ϸĵȼƶȣֻҵ˹£пҵ
ҵҲô֡
ϴ֮ѡԵףø˵ŴᣬβܻôɣûнһѶ˵Ļᡣ
˷ֿжֱٳǴѵ֮ˡ
ŹºͨڣԷֱ棬Ϊ֡
ֻͨһǾǾܶ͵һ㲻Զ֣ǵְǹµĵڣͬʱҪھǱˡ
ŵˣע⵽һλӡ
ȥһλͨĶţûгֵԣһܼĽֿڣһ̯һߺȲ裬һɨȺ
ĽֿڣҲǵûĵط
ŵֻվһСͷǵֶʮ裬ûнܹרҵѵǻãʼղֵģеʧܣ˵µġ
λʿһ߿һҡͷ
һ꣬վʧ֮С
ŵĸλŹȻСģƺ˸٣ڽ϶˺üȦӣ߽һ¥
뷴٣һ߱ı졣
ŵĵ裬һССĵŹ£Ȼᱻ֡
Ƭ߽֮¥ڴһλ£СˣȴĹУ۾Сӡ
뷨ҵľ֮־ԵǻΪΣͬʱҲкܴǵע֮õܴǿ
ҽһΪΪһԵȻսʱ𲻵ʲôڲ鰸֮ʱȴܸ׵ķһЩ˷ֲ˵
ŵ۾֮һЩӵʼӿĶ䡣
ߺ˵Ĳ˺ûУѾ˺üˡ
ӣٺһ죬ūι
Ҿ˵ҵĲ˲ɣЩҲֵá
Ź£¼ǺұкҪ£
¥¥ĳŸ֮ڡ
Ź¿һ󸹱ӣС˵²ǹʵһҪ£Ҫ
Ϊ˰ȫ֮ڣֻϼϵ¼
ҪϵҪضĵط¼Ǻţ֮󣬻˸֪Լʱ͵ص㡣
Ǵ󸹱ӣŹµĻ㱨֮Ȼλվʵʲô˵ܸսµڻǮߣ
Źµ˵ͷ˵ô˵ģӦòм٣˵֪ŵĴڣ֪ʮ͵֮󣬾ͷ
˵ˣĪǳֵģλʹ𣿡
󸹱ҡҡͷ˵ܣǻʹߣҲûĪǡ
뵽ۼһĻУ͸ֳһ˿羴֮ɫ
ΪǰһΡ
ʱ㵱˵棬ʩչһθı¡
Լǵʱߣǵú֮⣬ܸȡ֮ʱһĻڳŸ߲޲ݷ
ΪһǱ׷߾硣
ϵı䣬૵Īˣ
ŹҲֻǴ˵Ĵ˵Ծ㵵ʲô𣬵˵һˡ
Ȼȴ֪ʲôӡ
ײβϴټǣҲǷװ磬û֪ĳ͡
˼Ƭ̣˵ȥǲôһλͬˣҪ㹻ӡ
ûģŹ뿪¥֮ʱһӣ󸹱Ӳ¥ȥ
ֵĳʱҿ˿ȡһɫʯʯڵǽϣһεӡǡ


310 ſ
󸹱뿪֮һӰ⴦ڡ
ŵεӡǣλԹŵ
ݴЩĹεӡǣϵʱļǺš
ǧĵ֯ȴܹͬ֯ͬĵַŵɻɣĵŵǲҲԹŵ
ȻѾ𣬵䲻
ǵĻʹԣٳ֣ÿγ֣ʾˡ
Ҳȷϵŵ·
ͨյֶΣȷݵġ
ŵҲһλ˵ˡ
ŵλһׯ
ׯĻƳƺԷΪƹ񣬿ûм˻뵽һСׯƹ񣬻ǵŵĴ
ȻѾһλֻҪ˳ϣ鵽Ļʹߡ
Ȼȥҵˣ˵ԭȵĿջ
⴦ׯڲׯбһջ¥һٽֵķ䡣
ʱĹ۲·ׯĶ
ջ֮ڣ˵ֳ°ͣ˼һ⡣
ΪҪϴһԵס
죬飬ֻжҺ͸١
ֻĻ
ȫûмٰ޵ıҪ
ΪʲôҪ˳Լأ
͵͵ŵһۡ
Ȼɵ⣬ǲټٰˣҲͲٽˡ
죬Ѿϰӡ
ŵʱҲμ˺һֱۡ
ֻԽǺ׽зԽ˸С
ﵱûгܣûаߣ˵ӦǺѰ飬ǽǣֻٰ֣֮ܽ

ϲׯ
һֺӰڹ̨֮в̣л߹һŷݸ˵ƹģ˸һš
ƹ̵Ķһ٣ǻߺ󣬲ŷ⣬ֻж̶֡
ʱ̡
ʢ¥
ׯб棬ջ¥ŵȵģĳһ̣Ŀ⣬Ȼվ
죬Ǽһжˡ
ĵܴôãȻ
ǶԵż˽⣬ӵгĸ뷴˵һ·˳ϵȥһģѽӴ
һ
ǲµĿǡ
ŵ˰ޣ˵زԶһ¥
˲ûн¥Ϊŵ֣¥Χ˰ڣſǽϢؤ̯Ŀˣͷ̯Сʱ޿̲ھΧ
ŵܷ֮ǣԴڷҵĹ۲ǶͬеĸӦ
ڽͷҲǿǸ֪ԡ
û취̽飬ŵȻҲ֪˵ʲô
һλƹ뿪
˿ֵʱ򣬾¥Ŀ˺ܶ࣬ʱ˽
ԼĪһ֮ŵĿ⣬һߵϡ
ߴһüһλͰĳߣŵϤϢȴôβ˵ġ
ϵĵϢƹŨĶࡣ
ˣӦǵŵһλ
ץסλץµԼ֮µĹ£ŵ˵
˴죬ŵڵȵж
ԹһСԺ֮ڡ
һȫںеӰ𾪵˵ʲôˣ
߹վԺУ˵ȷǲ˵Ǹƾվ͵ϵĲʹ˵ֻܸ
Ǻ૵Ѿ궼ûгˣλΪʲôأ
䣬һʹ
£Ҫǽ𣿡
Ȼתһ䣬ΪŻʹߣȻ˽ӽûз֣滹ֵأôģ
ͬһñۣȫֵʵʵҲһڲ
֣ǮƾճС
߼״һ㶣Ȼ̵ϥأμ
һλʹߣһ˲ԼĻҲ̹򵹣˵μ
һָı£ֻŻֶΡ
˿ǣ˵ɡ
˻վһߡ
ǵʹСĵʵ֪٣кηԸ
˵ĵȥѾ𣬱õϢԹ͢ЩҲҪǶ֣ټϵڣҪҪ
ĵŵ飬ȻԶԹȴҲš
λû˿ɣ
λʹߣĿ˶ġһۣȻʵҶʹʲô֣
λʹߣһ㶣ѵڻ
˳Ĭһ˲ժϵĺڲñӣ¶һӣ˵Ͳ˰
ŵԭǣ鵽ʹߵ֮󣬾ܱ˵ݣ϶£ǹе͹£Ȼͨڡ
ܳɹðͶʡܶ顣
û뵽Щˣһ㶼ƭ
Ȼˣֻܼԭƻˡ
λʹ߿ŵ˳ǣ˵ð㵱Ǵ𣿡
˵ˣ£
ŵºڵϡ
ȻҪִԭƻǴǴҪˡ
ǵʹ߻䣬ٴιȥ
ȫǶһָѡ
ŵӸµĿ˵ȥҵһλʹߡ
˲ǵŵֻûһݺԻ
λʹҧѵΣ
֮УλԽߣ֪Խࡣ
ڣλʹִţֱһĸ߲͵ڣλʹ߶䵽ţп϶£һ򾡡
ŵûк˵
ֱָڴϲͬѨλ˼¡
һּµʹУǼѨλɢȫ
˫ĿȻ󣬶ͷһ䶯
Ƭ֮󣬻ʪ͸ĺʹߣǻ߳Ժţ⣬롭

Թʹݡ
ŵ˸ոջصʹûãһӰʹҴҵ˽
֪⿴ǣ˿ʵˣ⼸ȥˣǺþá
ŵãм飬Ҫ°æ
֪˲ÿʲô飬ɿڡ
ŵǲһѣҪٸץˡ
ʧ⼸죬ȻֻΪȥץ֪ⲻ֪˵ʲô뵽ŵ޷ҵģֻ˵Щ˰͵á
ŵҡҡͷ˵˿ܲҪǧ
֪΢΢һ㶣ȷŵ٣


311 Թ
֪Ҵҵ뿪ʹݡ
𼸰֯һС¡
δһʱ֮ڣΰкܴ
˵ŵץЩ֮󣬿Գһ˾Ǵһΰãطݸͷ˲š
ǶԻ˵Ҳһ󹦡
û뵽ŸոԹû죬͸һݴ
ûˡ
ȵһҪл
Ҫģȴŵ顣
Ŀ뿪ŵ߻СԺ
εж˳
ʼգֻˡ
ϴΣǰǰʮһϷ
ץλʹ֮󣬽飬ͺܼˡ
ӲŵһĹ֮󣬾ʵʵĽųԱ˳
Թţ⣬ϵ£гԱ߰һʮˡ
ǵ֣ݣϸַ¼ڲᡣ
ղȥץ˾С
ֻʹȽ
߽䣬ŴϵıЩʧ䡣
ˣǵķ޹ϵҲʹ˽
ûмٰ޵ʱ򣬵Ҳûʲô
⼸֮˵Ĺϵֻصǰӣܾġ

ҹԹܶ˵һҹ
ҹ֮󣬸ָ˳ֽ֮
ٰմﾪѣľ޴󶯾Ϊ˱䣬ŵùؽŴһֱ
氲ŸҴŴϢ
һ֪һ˵Ϣ
ϣһ֯٣ٸץ߰׷
ЩԣҵٸģȥٸûҵԼʧ֮ģҲȡӦĲ
֪Ϣһʱİӿá
ģȥʧûжģҲȥˮ㡣
ʹ֮ڣ糯ɢ
߳۷׷ס
ץһЩʲô£˼ǣģĻӡ
λУĻģûʲôڸУЩıʿǶôԸȥͶ
ȥİ꣬ĻӲδʲô۵
յ糯֮ϣȴλǰ˷ͷ
˴˵֮֯࣬ЩطٸץԸΰյĲƲ
һ飬õ󳼵ͬ
һЩӴĻʹ˵ľʵʩƶȣЧţǰĴ󳯻ᣬĸعԱְʱݵĵ԰˼͵֡
дĵǰԹֻЧ±ɡ
µŰٹٵ棬佱ĻӼ䣬ʩд£ζĻ˽һĻᣬλӵĽ֮飬Ա
Ͼʩ෢ǮȣʵʵҲԼͶǵôû뵽ء

Թ֮ŵٴμ֪⡣
ո߽ʹڵСԺͶŵ˹֣˵лˣѾͬ˽˾ҵûָ£İǴæ
ŵ˰֣˵¿ˣС¶ѡ
֪⣬ʵ֪»ǲǵã˵Ǽ顭
ŵ֪˵ϣЩоӡȻⲻӰӵΪҪһЩ
߰ٶλһֻһ㣬߰Ҳɹۡ
֪ЦЦ˵ȻԣûִЩ˷ĻھͿȥ̲
ŵ߳ʹݣ֪һ
Թ̲ͣſڵȻʶ֪⣬æ£
񡣡
֪΢΢ͷŵ߽̲
ŵ̤̲ţһûпڲԶĽͷһıӰȻɴ۾
ԣһλŮָ̲ſڣ˵үүǸ磡
ʳָһơ
ŵʧķַ̧£ַ̧£ԥãջûסָɿĵ˼¡
ϵı𽥱Ĵ͡
ʮꡣ
Ѿʮˡ
һȥһʼֻʣ꣬ڻʮꡣ
Ȼͣʮ껹е٣һٶ㲻ȴûÿ㶼һ
ԭطʱ̲ĳ÷֮ڣŵϣֳϲ֮ɫ
ڵԹɷʹɷһ
Ķڵ߿ͽ̡̼
Թֻǧǵͽ߿Դﵽꡣ
ŵ˶оӢǵԵÿһǶеģǧмͽ̣졣
еĵŸ߲㣬Ҫټһȡ
ֻҪⷣӰ취ж
ŵĸһöӡ¡
֮ϻոճ֣ͻĹ㣬ӿ塣
ȻΪԣŵ졣
Ϊŵע
֮ϣӵٶȣѾ壬ַֻǧǧǧǧһ򡭡
ͣһʮһ
һΣǧǧˡ
ŵ̵ʶ仹һá
١
ޣΪйء
Ϊ޻ԽԽߡ
Ϊ͵ʱ򣬷Ǵ
ΪԽԽߣ˳ҩ
һţʮֻҪϵĲ鰸аӵٶȣ϶Զĵٶȡ
ڵΪľ۷壬кܳһξ롣
ڵ㣬ľޣѾѰˡ
񣬵徳ʱܻá
뿪ʮ죬ʮ
һԹ治
ŵʰ飬֪Ⱨ˱ȭ˵л
֪΢΢һЦ˵ⶼӦõġ
뿪̲ʹݶȥ
ֶ棬߷֣¶һ˿Ц૵ʮ꣬ʮֿ꣬ʮˡ
Ů⸱ӣ¶֮ɫȻҡļ򣬲үүүүôˣҰ


312 ССˣ
صʹСԺ֪֮ŵ˵Ϊ˸лˣֽڸ磬һ
ŵʵ̫ϲĳϣεӦ꣬Ȼǲѵġ
ȻҪĻӣʶĻӡ
һͲȥ˼ҿܻӡ
˵ͷ˵һ
֪ЦЦ˵Щʱɳˡ
ŵٴλصСԺ
ʹݵĹУҲÿ࣬µʱ飬ûµʱʹɻ󲿷ʱǶûʲôġ
һŬ
ŵԺһ߿һ߸ջ
һΣҵΪȻҲ˲٣ľ徳ҪӴΪԶԶҪƾ˵ҪͬҪ
ǵһᣬԹȨԱ
⣬ڵŵҲкܴ
ŵ̲ʱԵĸо֮ƺͻĳһƿڷҵڶ֮䡣
Ϊżǰ伣ΪʲôĺôŵĿǰ֪
ֻǸоƺˣҲ˳֣֮⣬ûʲôϵı仯
ϣÿһҵɱʱڶһ
ҪŻбϵı仯
Һͷҵɱ䣬ڵ徳һҲڸ߾
ٽʱŵʹݡ
ԹǱŵģͬʱ縺ҪʹԹմǲݣȻҲҪһͬǰȥ
߳СԺʱȻоֱŵǣס
΢΢һ㶣ĵƫͷŵһۡ
˵⼸죬ֻҪǳţǣԼ֣Ǽٰ޵ʱ
Ѿٰˡ
ѵˣ
ŵ˼Ӧڿʲô飬ӶϰԵǣ֡
ûţǣš
ԶŵĻȣʵЦʲô
Цݣ˵ûʲôֻ뵽һЩĵ顭
ŵû˵ʲôڳϣװż˼
Թ֮УҲǴġ
֮ǰ˺Ͱֹһεİʾĸ˸ֱʾˣ׷ˣͲҪȥ
ĿǰΪֹһжڰƻȲС
ֱŵǸϲѭ򽥽
Ϊľԭ򣬵һḶ́ӦеģһεĻᣬȻҪֲһεź
ʻ˴Լһӣͣĳ֮ۡǰ
һΰĸۡǰһ̾̽ϣšʢ֡
ԹĻӣǡʢ
һӰѾǰȴˡ
һĹװΪƽ˼ֹӭǰ΢Ц˵ˣι롭
߽ӰԶԶΪ׵һߵŵǰЦ֪⼸ᵽ㣬ˣһ״ԪȻһ˲š
ŵҲĻص¹ˡ
ʢʮ꣬ûʲôӣΪơ
ᣬģҲǺܴ󣬳ŵ⣬ֻʢµһЩıʿ͹Ա
ŵ˵ʢλȣԱӽҹϣҲܿһЩ
Ӧѡλӡ
ȻӦ˱ˣŵȻԡ
ⳡᣬΪ칦ΪͷŹŵڼΪǰλá
ÿ˵ǰڷһݾµʳ
ұˡ
ԹʹģҲ˵Ǻʹ½⼸ǿԵĲͬǣԹŮӵλͣרŵŮԺŮӲμӿƾ٣ҲŮԹԱ
ŵԹʷ֪֮ǰԹֹһλŮʡ
Թ֮ǰûʲôͬŮλ֮ʱ䲼˲Ůӵλľٴ롣
֮ԹȻûٳŮʣʱһЩƶȣȴһֱ̳
ԲܿԹʹ⼸죬ŵԹĽϣŮ˵¥
֮ʱĻߵŵǰЦ˵֪˵˻סʹݣ׼һլӣŮȫΪѡλˣҲѾȥլˡ
ԣüͷһ
ŵ˰֣˵µĺˣլӾͲˣΪʹסʹݺһЩȻǻ˷顣
ʹݵСԺȻ󣬵ʤܰ
ÿ˹һң˯ֻһ磬顣
οʹݵıҲɭһЩ
Ļûмŵլӣ˵ȻˣլӾˣǼˣһҪ£ǶǱѡ˼ɫ
˵ɫѾʱŵȻǣ֣ȻĻǸһЦ˵ȻҲ빼µ⣬⼸λˣԺ󶼲ҽˡ
ĻӿˣʲôһЦ˵˺ͷ˵ĸܺãȻˣͲǿˣ㱾Ƿһ飬ԺҪʲôܿڡ
֪⿴˿ŵˣ֪ǹϵģڿǵĹϵֹ˽ġ
Ժĺŵŵſ֣͵˼ҲһƬģǾܾҲҪһʵɣֻʱ㵲һûɣ
ֵܵס˵ջ˺⣬˰֣˵ˣҲûʲô
ŵ˵ȻûʲôǼװˡ
΢΢һ㶣
ŵ͵һԺ˭ˣֻĻŮ˽ӽ˳ĵˡ
̣װ˼õӣȻ΢΢ͷ˵ǣǺðɡ
ʹſͣ£ŵ֣ͣ˵ǻȥɣӡ
ץס֣ȻȻסֱۡ
ŵûзӦǹһ˿ȡ
ǰǼ죬˽١
ҪľǣΪŮӣʱҪҸԼȡģǵġ
ŵҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȥʱ򣬶ôŮദʲô
һĥľɲ١
˵ǰһ˻ٶ
ССˣ


313 
ڶһ磬ŵһˡ
ʹݵȻṩһ͵ģζҪԼŵȻܾ
СԺжģʱԸԼС
һϣŵյ
⼸ֱԹӣӺӸϡ
ŵЩַϡ
վӲס
׿ԳɺܶΣվֻվһ
ȻѡĻӣþͲҪĻκνӴⱻͷעǽͷûкý
ǵһκ³ŵ⽫ķʢһЩ
ոս˰һӰʹ˽
ŵ֪⣬ʵԹûУûеĻҪһԵ㣿
֪⿴ϵķˣʵԼģ
ŵ˵ͷ
£ŵȡһ˫ӹķ˱ĶˣЩ˷ѣá
֪Ⳣ˼ڷˣˣ˵ιĳá
ɫɵһ죬ʵ˶ŵģֻв˺ջ
ŵֻ֪ǿ
գǿɿڵļҳˣȲרҵĳӣ˵ʳҵĸ֡
ҳҲмҳ˵塣
ʱɽ亣ζԹˣһ档
Թȥϴ롣
ڴġ
ŵݸ֪⣬˵λĻӵĸϣǵߡ
λֻһĻȴĸǱ˴֮䣬϶ụ
ŵȥ磬һ磬λӵ˹Ȼ©Ϣ
֪⣬˵·ģȻҴӦ˵£һŵԡ
֪ЦЦ˵ˡ
ڴĵʱͶŵϸĵ飬ʮƷ
ĸףһˡ
ڣΪ˸ûκҪɵġ
ŵһЩڽ˾ϸڣЩ˼Ŀڣʵһ飬Ҫ˰æ
ŵ˵޷
֪״ԪսԾ¾ԹĿƾ٣ָָһЩѧӣܵõ״Ԫָ㣬ǿƾٵĳɼܻ
е֪λӵľڷ档
˲ŶһҼҪˣڵطԱ˵һֱҪ˱׼
ڣԺѧμӿƾٵĿ
طп˽ʿݵعԱϵļӳɡ
ԹλĻӣԸһԺ
⼸ԺѧӣˮƽĸԺڼĿƾϣøĽʿλڽϾܻøõ
Ȼͼλӵֱ޹أҲܲķӳǵִˮƽ
֪ŵȻӦ
Թƾ٣ͬգгľԴǡ
֪ǾͶлˡ
ʵǰæˣһֱҲˣû뵽ǣʧǼ죬ĵĸ׼һݴŵ֪ʲôʱ򷽱㣿
ЩֲҪ׼ʲôŵʱԡ
֪Ҫϰɣ׼׼һ磬ʹݽ㡣
ʱ䣬֪߳䣬ÿϴ˴ӳ
ߵߣЦ˵ˣмҪ͸ˡ
˻ͷ˿ʶ˵Լɫһ죬վԭأ޴Ĳ֪˵Щʲô
֪ȡһУݸˣ˵ϣܹϲ
˴򿪽УһֻΡ
εʮ־һֻͣǶŲͬɫıʯҫԡ
μһƯѾĽ˺þá
֧ȫμ˵
ôĶ֪òա
Ŀӷ߳ŵŵȻǹģ°ɣҲǵµһƬ⡭
ûҪǵլӣûҪǵˣһ֧ΣȫҪʲôǡ
ߣ˾ʹ֧ΣھǰϸĴԼ
֮뵽ʲôֽժŻؽݸŵ˵͸˵ģȥ֮͸μ˻ɡ
ǽãĳЩطǺġ
ͬĿķǡ
ǰ;Բô˵
ŵûнӹУǵˣˣҪͣȥ֮Լ͸ǣҲֻͣһͼ˻ͰⲻǺ𡭡
룬ŵ˵ȷʵе
ֻװ޿κεջؽУ˵ðɣȻˣҾ͵æˡ
ŵ´ϽΣκʺӦҲǾѡġ
λԹһʼŵĸоͺͱŮӲͬ
ȻûκΪȴ˾Ǹһˬüĸо
£ҲֻԹܵŮӡ
ڶһ磬Լ
֮ϣ֪ŵһԺ
ҪȥԺΪԺԹĴԺ֮һÿƾ٣ҪΪ͢ʮҵĽʿ
ĹԱԶԹÿƾ¼ȡĽʿһЩԹԱʵͣÿ¼ȡʮˡ
һԺһƾռ֮һĽʿѾˡ
ĻӸԺ֮ʣԺѧһЩͨյұѧǵıīϵȺĲķãΪṩѵгΪľڿƾϳԺ
뵽ôλҲ뵽
ĻӣǵĲۺ뵽Ҳ࣬λһλѧӣĻġ
֪֮ŵæΪƾѵ״Ԫ
һ˵ͳеԺ
ʵֱڣЩ̫ţվѡ
ҲСϰΪ˽еĲס
ǣ˲ţĳ͢Ȼѹ
һλ״Ԫȥ£ȨԱɥ£˷˲š
ĸףڴĵĴ̫á
ûܼλһңȻûк³
Թ죬һ󹦣취Թǳ֮֮͢


314 ִԺ
Ժ
ΪԹĴԺ֮һԺΪԹ˲ţԱ֮ǰԺͶҲʹԺΪڶԹѧеʥ֮һ
Թ֮ʱԺѽ
Ժ֮ڣ죬̲𣬴ݵ֮ϣʱĴ
£һĿƾ٣ѧǶֶץסʱ䡣
ĳ֮ڡ
ԺĶʮѧӻڴˡ
ƾڼڲһƾٵĿԺѾǿҪϿΣԼ©ȱ
ʲô֮ԺԼĻӴнƸո֣ʱΪǴɽ
˾ۼ֮У۷׷ס
Ժʲôҽ챾׼ȥгء
˵Ϊһλָ鷨
Թ鷨ңԺѵԺһ
һ֪ˡ
˿̣ΪڿεûеЩѧԼλϣںߵ죬ʱҲԸ˷ѣĬĬϰ鷨
Ůӣڿ֮УԵúעĿ
ԹŮҲһԺƾ٣Ժ֮УһŮѧ
ҺŵһԣһλŮѧոдһ֣ԺȻһ͵СдĲ
תͷȥһòʵˣվԡ
ʮӣӦԺѧܡ
ŮЩɻԺôεѧܣǰôδ
һ̣΢΢һЦ˵л佱
˵ҲϲС֪ɷָָ㣿
Ůһ㶣ϲС
СֱΪŮ塯ټдġ
λѧܺкøУݸһЦ˵԰
ʣֽдһ֣õСݺղдһģһ
Ůӿ֮촽˶ȴʲôû˵
˿λÿѧܣĿؿͣãǳԱ
һӣôдôƯС
˵ˣ֪ЩŮ鷨ңҲûһˣд֡
¶֮ɫ˵дıҺöˣûʲôָġһֿɲ͸ңġѧϰ
΢΢һЦ˵ȻԣֻġĻʱڣ̫֣һЩ
ʣȦ˼λã˵⼸֣ʵֻҪڽṹһССĸĶͻܲһ
鷨һҪģǼֲиϰ
Щ鷨˵ǵ鷨裬ѾӽˣһССܲס
鷨ˮƽкܴռ䣬ԼӸĽͼӰЧ
ŵ鷨ϵ裬֮ɣָЩ鷨Ҷ´࣬˵Щѧߡ
ŮӰָ㣬дһ֮̾͸ܵͬһֵı仯
Ŀ֣Щ̫Լ۾
ŮΧ⼸ŮѧҲ¶˾ı顣
ղ˵ʱǾע⵽ˡ
Ӣѧܳ벻ע⵽ѣһʼֻǱòȴû뵽˵вܡ
ѩֻǾ򵥵ļָ㣬д֣ԵĽֱǼ
һʱ䣬Ҳ׷Χ
Ӻ
Կҵ𣿡ӣ˼ҲҪָ㡭
˴Ķͬ˵ע⡣
һˣҵŮѧΧһ
ÿһ㣬ЩŮҲ˰ɣ
ǵҪڸʲô
ҲΧȥ
ԭֻǰ֣ܿͱŶ̡
λͻСѧܣ鷨֮ϣżߵ裬Ϥеı壬ŮӵСźļ⡣
óһֱ壬ֻҪһд֣׼ȷָǵĲ֮ҸǸĽĽ顣
ʱ䲻֪Ѿȥһʱ
̶̵һʱǳ
ָ֮󣬼ÿˣܵԼ鷨ϵĽ
ٸµʱ䣬Ľ鷨ɼһ̨ס
Ǵҵ֮˻ع񣬴ĸлʱȴ֪ʲôʱѾ뿪ˡ
ֱ˿̣鷨ûг֡
ʲô˰鷨ңҲӦʱɣ
ٵһʱˣ
ҵҪλңӾȻô󡣡
ʱһӰ˽
ȥԺԺ
һλŵӿ˿ǣЦʵôλĿλ𣿡
˽һ㶡

ʲô

ӿһãˣЩȻ˵ղָ鷨ˣǵǿɱΪСǴĵ״ԪȥĿƾ֮ϣȡƾѵĳɼרŴӴָǵġ
Ļ£˵ı𾪡
ʲô
״Ԫ
ƾѣ˴𣿡
˵ȥĿƾ٣ǳһλ״ԪĻʵۻһλ޸
Ҳ֪ŵҼһһʫ

ƾѵ״Ԫˣ𾪵ǣͱǻССѧϰյǸ񲻵Ȼһ㡭
˸ղŵһΣǲòš
ʱЦЦ˵òģڿƾ֮ǰ£Сգʱ֮ȥҼϡ
Ժ
һμλʱеѧӣϵĳ羴֮ɫ
״Ԫζһġ
ˣͻվǰ
ŵ£ղŵ鷨ϣǴһƬڻٴμʱûһĸоĿڡ
ôģ
Ķ𣿡
ʲôϵΪԹ𣿡


315 
ֻ˶̶죬ѧԺЩͨգƽѧǣͶװݷ
ؼؼؼؼؼһᣬһ
ľͨҲͨľͨ
ÿһ˼¡
ڵһ㲦ѧéٿϿ֮ʱԺҲ
Ժ
ŵѧϡ
еѧӣʮ棬λҲھ۾
֪ںţǰĿŵĿʧ
⼸գۼ֤ԭվѡ
ҲӼᶨ˽Թ˼
ǡҪʲôأ
֪ԣֳ°ͣĿճյǰǵӰ
ȻڽʲôЩͷףһѣһͺѧʵһϹϾ⣬ҲЩĸо
⼸죬ԺЩŮѧĽ񣬸á
ԺһѧΣŵһʹݡ
⼸գŵÿʱ
ڿεݣ鷨滭ѧֵƣ񷨣ɷЩÿһҶ𣬸ǿӲûʲôý̵ģҪԼ
֣˵ȥгЩˣԼȥɡ
ЩӵദѾȫӵݡ
˼ٰޣȻȷѡ
ԺЩĽĲŮǣһ޲ţûиǰᡣ
һֱڼᶨִμ˺Ӧúúлл
ˣصʹ֮
Թһۡ
һӿ첽߽ĳһ˵£λĵ״ԪڰĻһǸ֯⼸ԺָЩѧա
ӷеߡӣ˵кδСֵģƾֻˣֲȥѵؽôңֲһ˲ɣ
ӵˣǣǵ֪ԺЩѧӣ⼸սܴǼȥµʱڿƾ֮ϣϪԺĻᱻԺѹһͷ
ϵĶһ٣̧ͷʵ̶̼գЩ
ĴԺƾٵĽʿһ죬ǶϪԺͶ룬Զ꣬ƾһܸ֮ıתһ档
˵²ҪС״Ԫһûйƾѵ״ԪԺЩѧӣÿ춼нԺ̽׿ԣм١
ӵüͷıʿȴûһ㡣
ʢŵʲôȻˣЧ
뵽һ£ʵϴȥûлӦ𣿡
ӵĹϵƺͬһ㣬λȥûлӦ
룬ֻܵˣвܣվֻһ˶ѣʢӮ˿ƾ٣ҲӰ첻˴֣ȥɡ
˴֮ˣЧȻٺò
˲ԸҲû취ǿȡ
λ֮ùʲôùֶΣֻãһ֣ͻ᳹׵ʧȥ̳лλʸ˭ҲĿŵķɡ
Թʹݡ
ŵһλ˺ֱӽСԺŹˡ
⼸գݷõĿﲻСԺżҪ̤ˡ
Щˣλӵ¡
ӵģǰƱ͹ֻģŮ˵ģ㣬ŮٸǸͣͣ崿ͣͣ͵ŮӴ˸飬ƺ̽ϲá
־΢ᶨһ㣬¶ȥһһѹء
ŵʶ㣬߶ˣʲô͵ĶУЩӹ֬׷ۣ˰˼
˿Ǹ·ŤƨɵŮ뿪ޣҪ
ղǸŮˣ·֣¶ü춼쿪ؿˣһĹ֣һļüŪۣ˭أǸҪŮˣ
⼸죬ÿ춼Ů
ٴңҺԼҲԹˡ
ûһԿţЩŮ˻ж಻Ҫ롣
ŵԺţҲǻ˹šΪָ徲ǰȥԺ
ЩӣԺĽѧʮ˳
ԺѡЩѧӣģǵǿһͨƵˮƽȲ
ŵεʱģһ߳Ժй䡣
ߵĳֱߵʱĽŲȻһ١
ֻǰĽֽǴһС̯̯һˣԣһλʮŮ
ǵС̯ԣһ㡱ġ
ǰЩͷģ࿴һۡ
һУȴ˺档
С̯֮ϣŮָ㣬һķ򸾣˵ͻкӵģż
˿ߣߵ˵ͷ˵İɣŮ˫ȫޡ
Է¼öͭǮЦȥ
ʵ˺Ůչչǵ⡣
⼸Ǯ͵򼸾伪ˡ
ͭǮ뿪ıӰ¶һ˿΢Ц˵ˣһС٣Ͱˡ
ָᶯ˶
ǰԶǸ˺ȻԸ㣬ɷ߽·ĸ̡
߽̺󲻾ãǰһ¥¥һȻ䣬ڽ棬ˤķ顣
ʱһӰߵ̯ǰ˵˼ң
̧ͷһۣ΢΢һ㶡
ŮǰŮӣЩȵ˵үүǴλƯ㡣
˿ŮɻʵСãʶң
ŮЦ˵ڴĵʱ㡣
˲ǵһү²Ǽģμ˰ɡ
Ҳûнͣߣʵ˼ңǮ
ߵʮһΡ
λ˼ɱϴλˣҲû⣬ȡһƱϣ˵ʮΡ
߱һ㶣Ʊʵʲô
ϾҪ뿪ԹˣһҲ޷
˿ʵ㲻ʲô𣿡
һ㶣ЦЦ˵Ļɾֻˡ
˵ξΡ
Ȼһ룬ÿλû汾¡
֣˶ָ˵ڽڳס
һ£ô֪µģ
ҲһЩ·ϴǸͷ˵ˣʮоŸԵģҲʲô
ߣ˵һ㣬һʲô
ٴָһ㣬Ц˵һΪ֮ڣͻƵ徳ôСͣܳɾʦټ
ɵˡ
ȻڶҲ㵽ˡ
Ͳ·ܽ͵ˡ
ʱٴ˵һ⣬Ⱳеʲô磬Ҳѣ㡭
δ˵꣬ıȻһ㶡
㲻
Ȼ㲻Ժľ硣
ΪԺ޵Ҳ㵽
Ŀ⣬𾪵ǰŮӡ
ֹ
ѵǡʥ


316 ֮
˿źȻĬߣʵô˵ˣе𣿡
ʦ˵¡
Ѿһϡ
ûаˣҪ̤츳ԣԵȱһɡ
ĻԵҪġ
𽥻ع
Ⱦ磬㲻ʵҲһȷĽ֡
֮·յʦǵİʥĿⷶΧ֮ڣΨ߾ĽڵΪ㲻
ⱳ壬ȻԶ
СаţߵˣҲ
˻һӸˣ˵ǸϷˡ
˵꣬ʰ̯ӣŮ뿪
˿ү뿪δ
ܽ³ʵ⣬λˣȻЩ汾µģٲϴĽƭӡ
һλң˵һ֮ڣܽʦˣ
гס
Ȼ뵽һҪûʣæ׷ȥ˵˼ңһȣٰһ㣬๫˭
׷һֽǣȴһүѾʧˡ
ֻ㬵Ժȥ
ȻһֱܼᶨԼѡ񣬵һȷĽﵽ׻̤ʵһЩ
˿̣ԹǵһֵϣŮ̧ͷʵүүҪ뿪𣿡
߲δֱӻش𣬳˼Ƭ֮˵żүүҪȥһλѡ

ŵԺΣһؼʱ˵һ顣
Ŀˣʵƾ
˵˵ͷ˵λ˼ô˵ġ
ŵʵΪˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûУҶûʲô֪Ҫϵ顣
ŵŲһ٣¶֮ɫ
֪Щƭ·ġ
С˾ųԵġ
ķ򸾣кܴá
ֻҪ˳ǣ˵һЩܿԵֻ߲úܵӵļƭЩǮǺ׵顣
ÿڣ֪ΪһһۿΪˡ
Ǹ߾ҡ
ŵľĽ̵ԼԼ֮£Ѿͨ·ΪѸ٣ʦϣõĻһ֮ڽҲǲܡ
ŵʵλ˼
ҡҡͷ˵֮뿪ˡ
ŵϸ󣬵֪λߵߣһλʮŮ
ǲڴλ
˵ŵúúлл
ɹԤԼ˻е飬ü˺ͰŲɣ̶ŵмԵԤ⣬˾Ͳǣ֣ԹĽͷ
ŵûȥѰ
ҵ˵һжע
Եô綼
ԵǿҲǿ
ŵˣʵ㻹ʲôˣ
˵˽⣬϶ֻһ顣
˵ͷ˵ûаֻʲôʱͻƣȻˡ
̧ͷʵҽͻʦ𣿡ŵİɣȻô˵ˣ˵ƾע
ע
ϸֳһ˿ЦݣͻʦעôףҲעˡ
ŬһЩһͻƵʦ֤ǲġ
뵽һ㣬ŵҴڿʼֹͣУҲͻʦ𣿡
ŵҡҡͷ˵ΪеģԼΪҲƾӡ
⣬ȷкܶ˶
ǰ֤һɲ䡣
ӰĹؼ
һעʮޣ£ǿԻʮġ
ǵҸ֪ԼǰԾҲֻ߱˵֪˴ɱҲǰսᡣ
ԲСй¶֮˵
һǰй¶пܵĸԤӶı䡣
ȻҲΪɱ䡣
һиıΪ֮ڡ
ЩͲŵܽ͵ˣ˼֪꣬˶ˣҲûиһŷĴ𰸡
ŵǣ߻ʹʱһϣһһڻǰС
һӰǵ
׳˶Ѿүá
һģͷȣȥ֣Сﳤñ£ȥǸӦһüǮ
ţ˲Ͽ
ţȻýŲԽԽ
֪ΪʲôҲʼ۾Ȼ䣬һˤڵء
һλ·æ˵˼ңû°ɣ
˼ң
·˵Ļ¶ŭɫ·˵죬õĹƣү˼ҡ
δ˵꣬Ȼֹ
ԼƤ֣һ
֣Ϊʲô
·˺ķ˱ҷһƣ㽫ΪϲϼһƵڵأһڣȥ
ˤڵصߣ˫ݵ˫֣Ƶ֪ԼΪλ⸱ģ޾壬ǰһڣֱ˹ȥ
ʱһүѾߵһ֮ۡǰ
һλˣڸǰʱ
ʩһ˵롣
߶Դ˿е⣬߽ۡţ߽һԺ䡣
һλĿݵˣԺڵһҡϡ
ݿ£ͷϡϡ䣬ϳ˰ƣһֻмò΢΢һεؿڣ֤š
ҡεĶ棬ڷһӡ
߹ȥϣŶĿˣ˵ϼһûأ
˻۾Ŀ˵˭ɻһ
ߵúõңҪȥʲôʦй¶̫㲻˭
¶һ˿Цݣ˵ΪңҲ㣬Ҳ㣬㵱ʲôңˡ
˻˼䣬˭Ҳûռˡ
֪߰˰֣˵Ϸ򲻸ƶ죬˼һ棬һ⣬ʱˣ㻹ãǲɱ𣿡
ߵ壬Ѿ;ƿݣĿ峺˵֮⣬
ͬѾһӣ߲ٱ磬ЦúúãϣǸʱš


317 й۲
Դλ˵˽֮ڻͻʦ֮͸ڿˡ
ŵ˯֮ǰ
֮𴲿ʼһС
£еľ۷֮Ҫ꣬õʱ䣬ϣʦ
ŵʱ룬ûиʦܲôŬ
ǿҵڴʼŬУŻĽʦ
еĹϵԼҲ˵塣
Ѿˣܶ飬ڲûжۡ
ʱСԺ
֪˴˸кȻ߽䣬ŵ˽п𣿡
ŵȥԺϿΣûʲô顣
֪ģȥľڣ̲δˣ֪ڶϰ֪ɲͷ˰̲һ󣿡
ŵЦЦ˵Ȼԡ
һ˵طϵľڣ̲ҪϵģӦǿ⽫ȥľڡ
Ȼæķʽʣί顣
Ĵദ
̲ﲻԶʮֻŵûţǺһͬǰ
ǰ̲·ϣŵһ£Եʵ£λû˵ӦôĻӣ
֪ҡҡͷ˵ʦֻ˵ֻҪҵ㣬һ⡣
⡭
ҶһȺˡ
ŵԼ֪ӦЩʲôȻô˵ˣͽһнɡ
֪룬˵Ĺֽһ棬Ҫһ㣬ҪóһЩس֧֡
ͨ˵λӵͻ˵ǵǿˣʺϼ̳лλ
ʵǣ֧֣Ҫ
ЩӵлȨسǲվӵġ
ԹӪĻǣһλοһԹûıʹ
Ҫߵ̲ʱŵȻͷһۡ
֪ͷ˿ʲôҲûз֣ʵôˣ
ŵ࿴˼ۣҡҡͷ˵ûʲô
ֵ߽̲̲֮һ¥֮У߿λݵˣʵô
˵˻нʮɻ
Ƴһۣڻнʮ֮ǰֻʮ꣬һ֮ǰֻаꡣ
ˣʱʱ٣ÿһ㶼һ˵ǳ仯ġ
öԷۿǲŵġ
ϣ˵ż̲һΡ
Ĺ۲죬ÿδ̲б䶯
Ȼ鵭Ȼ˿Ҳֹ
ղŵΪ
δŮһͬһƬհס
ܲܣԺΪʥɣ
ں棬ŵߵԹ
ֵǣ㲻ͰˣȻΪ㲻
һң㲻һͨδΪ˵ȥΪЦ
飬ûҸߵߡ
һԷԵԼܣ
Ҳ֮ǰĿ
㲻ΪζŶԷǵ߾
ܲԺǵ߾ɣ
ʥˣǰײˡ
Լϡ
ҵ棬ڵ֮඼ʼãҲˣ˵ĻϹҵϼһǰ桭
̲
ŵ߽̲Ժӣվ˲Ӱ
棬ľӦ󰸡
˴ȺԾҪ߽һ÷ʱŵͷһۣߵ֪˵վұµĸ߸ˣȺǸŮӣͬı
֪ͷһۣ촽΢š
ʲôӶֻ֪·֮ʱһۣ֣ܿ
һĻ𺳣ҪڴʹưǴΡ
߽÷֮ŵ˵ԵƬ̣ϻ
ŵһ̶ӵĹ֪ٴ̤÷
𾪺Ͳŵ
̲֮˽£ֿʡ
ڽƱ磬̲ٲѶḻܿʹŮӴͻƿڣϣΪıҲŻͬıɷ򣬼޻ҵĵ
ŵ촽˶ʵô֪־ǵģ
ŵ鰸ĶˣȻһֱֵֶǵĵһۣ;ǲԾ
֪˿˵֪ΪʲôҪȥȥʹưˡ
ۼ֤𾪵һĻǰȻһ˵̲ʹ¶˲ٳɰһֱûܸƣ֪ûƣ
Щɰ۵һ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ԡ
Ȼɰʱȥ̫ãѾԶӦֶ֣
һͷûеİӣֻҪкˣɰһơ
ڴĵʱʵҲɰ⡣
̲ĳɰ٣ҶһЩûκģİˡ
֮ǰȽ̲ľڴˡ
Թ̲ľڣҪȴٵĶࡣ
ķʣǱȴһ
ΪĳӣȻЩЩ治ǹϵģԹʵһλͼεĻʵۣĸʣǻĵ͡
ʮ겻ɽڲˣһ׷翵ĳ治ʷٵıʡ
ŵ˲ʱ䣬ʹЩڡ
ûľڣչ֡
һݾڣ±ʣչһ塣
֪ݹһֻõƻ˵ˡ
ŵ˳ֽӹƻ˵ӦҪлл
죬ЩΪҲһٶ졣
֪ΪһֱԱ߶˲赹ˮֽĥīŵҲֲ˼ġ
ʱ̲߳
̲һ¥֮ڣָվüôᡭ
ʱ䣬˰ࡣ
߿ʵΣ㻹ʲô˵
ֻ£˵֪ⲻ֮ڣҲʲôԵ
ߵǬ˵̲һλңղŰԼתʲôԵģֽԼ𣿡
˳Ĭ
һ˵б䣬һԭ򣬶ҺܴҲ֡
ĪôˣҲǵһ
ŷĶ˺ܴĳ
顣
ȻĿ
ߣ˵Ϸһ
߻˻֣Ȼ룡


318 
ڶϣŵһʱš
ҪԺѧգҪȥ̲鰸
ڴĵʱе¿
Թæͣ
·ֻصÿ춼Ҫʱ
ŵҪţڲܻ֪ⶼЩ˼ҪΪֵһЩκ飬ûܹġ
ģҲֻȫͬ
ԺϵĿγ̣˳һԺʳóԷ
ԺķʳܺãʽӪ⣬ҪǣѧǳԷûһǮĻӳеǵʳá
á
ˡ
ŵһʼ̶ֻʮˣϿεʱ򣬾֮⣬վˡ
⼸Ժѧʶˡ
һԷʱλѧ̸һ顣
Թһ¡
Ŀ֮£һʮ׳ڽţĪıһĺ֮ˡ
涼ڴŪĻ̡̻
˳Ծ𣿡
ŵͷһۣǼѧ˵ɷ¡
Ȼħ֮˵ڻС˵ûб֤ʵ
ģҲδʲôˡ
Ҳһ㡣
֮ɲԤܸı
һ߾ңӵͨ
ֻҶԸԤ˵ܼɻ䣬һ㲻ô
ҧſӣ૵˵ҲܶߣǿԳϣ
֪ЦЦ͵ιˣȻ԰˵ȴӵЩߣԷϵ˵ΪȴܽǵΪΪС
˿ŵŵ΢΢ͷ
˵ûȺ壬֪֮ͨ١
ǲܳΪй¶̫߾ңҵͬǿȣҪ̵öࡣ
й¶ߣǴ
ӹ׷߲ȴûһԸ
ٺܼ򵥣ȴ졣
ܲٿģֻңһҪ٣еϵңԸ⽫ԼһԸô
ĵطڿԻȡ˵١
˵ңһ޴ĺô
˵޵ġ
ֻҪϻзڣһֱӡ
ǷһҲ޷ץЩЩӾǻˡ
ǰǣӵеΪ
Թ緹֮˻ʹˡ
ŵ̲
̲ѹĳɰϰټ⻹ֻǹֱ̲ӹϽİӣطûиƵɰ
ЩԶģѾȥ˶ʮꡣ
Ϊûиƣһֱѹ̲İ빿С
Щʮ껹ûиƵİӣڻᱻ١
ЩɰʵһЩѶȵġ
Ͼʱȥ̫ãЩѾ֤ȱʧ޴֡
֪Ҳôģŵֻǽе永߶̲һЩ⣬Ȼ󽫰ڴʹȥоڶһ磬ܸݡҲеİӣܲ֡
һϵưʣҲʮ־ˣһЩʮǰľɰ
һŵ̲߳
̲ĹԱϤ֮ŵ֣Թ̲ĹԱΪձȴҪ͡
ĵ̲ɣֻǿճĻۣҲеľΪ
Թ̲ɣֻе
̲Ϊֻеľŵ
Ȼ̲ĹԱΪԽߣ˵ҵΰãԹΰûкõ̶ȡ
ԹЩ죬ŵҲ
ԹȻûƣ̻еģԱȨ󷸷ͨ˼ûйԱȨܵʹԹ̲ĹԱȻҲûΪĽݾ
̣û˸á
δ֮ɱĿƾٴһ¼ȡʮʿеһٵڲòӿƾٽ
У֪ٹԱȨͷء
Ȼ޷ң̲ʹ޷ҵĹԱȴܸմ⣬Ҳܽ
˵ˣԹĳϣȱһ
ŵ˵һ¡
ôྭ飬徳´ࡣ
⼸ƵЩɰָ˽Ϊͬ˲٣ϧ֮󣬾ûʲôӿˡ
ŵʹݵķʻȥ
ֱߵĳ¥֮ڡ
λҾþ
ÿһ죬һٶ졣
һλңÿתƸһٶһ
λݵ˳ĬƬ̣˵ÿһӣͻա
ź룬˵ϻ⻹˵ؼǡΪʲô
ûпڡ
ǰΪʲô
Ϊʲô鰸֮䣬ʲôȻϵ
ѧ˵Ͳ
Ҳûκһѧ˵ܹ͡
˶ԱѧһЩɡ
߿ڵ⻹ֵġ
ĬƬ̣˵ֵǣһ࣬һ٣ûκιɿԡ
Ǹʱڴģ֮
㵽˻ɣ߻ħǶ㵽Թ
ȴû㵽˾Ȼ겻ɢ׷
૵ѵ֮ˣ
߿ʵҲôΪ
ҡҡͷ˵֪
ᶨΪһжҸıΪҲڸ֮ڡ
ڴ˵ϣϹҵ۽Ͳͨ
Ҳ֮
ʱȻһӣҧ˵ˣ֮ĴڣѵһеעмĹʲô壬ѵ֮ϣһλ֮ѵҲΪǼٵ𣿡
߻³һ
綫ͷԣ֮˵Ĵڣֺγһ£
ϹΪĶǴģġ
ܿ죬Ͼ¶ϧ֮ɫ˵뿴λ֮ߵһϧϷǿһˡ
߿λһӵѣиֳһ˿˸У˼úҧ˵ǰװˣϷһ룡


319 а
Թʹ
糯£Ⱥ½ӽ߳
⼸գ̲ʹ£ƻ˲ٳ
ɢ֮ǰ̲ʹµĹԱ
ͬʱĻҲõ˼ν
ΪЩӣĻ֮Ƶġ
һĵֲ֯˴ĳĻһ棬ν׿ţԹ֮Ȩ
ζţĻӿ̲ʹʱ
Ȼⲻܳƿ̲ʹ£˵Ͽ
λӣûִ
ȻҲʩÿ¶¶渧¹ѣշʳȴûжʵʵ
ң飬ĻҲ
ԭĻڳУûжٴڸС
̶̵İ£ȴεȺͱǰ¶
⼸λ˵ɲʲô¡
³֮λӵɫÿ
̲飬Ȼ֪
ҲֻĿš
ô˫۾ţΪ͢Ϊ£ܲȥֹ
ֱڣ벻ͨΪʲôѡʢ
ĿǰĴʢʲôûиȴԸΪʢЧ
ǣ֪ٴΣҪլҪŮҲգֹ䱦ˣһۡܵͼʲôɣ
ͨǵĵ飬ϲûУˡ
λˣӡ
˵ˡ
ڵˣˡ
ѵͼã
ѹÿ춼һԭǽԼͳȥˡ
Ǿûа취ˣҵĹδģֻһҲ䲻һƯá
ֻԼοԼʢȻһˣҲı䲻˴֡
һΣûжٹԱ֧Ǹλõġ

ʹСԺ
ѵһĿУŵʱ˺Ϣ
ĻѾɹִԹɣԺŵȥ̲鰸ӵķ㡣
Ļӵǻ֮ǰҲ̲ͨʹ£ԹЩĹԱȨ֡
ǣ̫ˣĻӳΪʸ֮ġ
Ѿˡ
öһЩʱա
Թ飬ŵ˳ȥתһת
⼸죬ŵæŲ鰸ڿΣҲûиУȥһҲá
λһһڽϣͷĸߡ
ŵϰЩˡ߽һε̣Ҫ˼ΣѡƷʱŵߵȴ
֮Уƹ񵽿ˣŮӣֻһˣܾЩ֡
ĳһ̣ǰĽֵϣȻһӵ
ŵĿȥһλϸε˽ϡ
Χ·ˣԶԶĹ
ŵ첽߹ȥΪ˴΢ϸ˷ڽֱߵ̨ϣϵļѨλ˰
Ƭ֮ϸ˻۾Ȼ֪ʲôŵ΢΢һЦ˵лл㰡ˡ
˵弫Ӧһ棬ŵʵ˼ңأ
ϸ˵һ˳ġ
ŵȥ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣЪһԼܻȥ
ŵòҪ߶Ҳû£һ߻ȥһֳʲô顭
ϸԣҲûپָܾһ˵Ǿ鷳ˣҼǸ򡭡
ŵߵεſʱҲ˳
ŵǡ
ŵľһϸ˻ȥ
˰֣ܿ͵ϸ˵ļҡ
ŵǰţЩ⡣
û뵽˼أȻԸ֮ҡ
ϸ߽լӣԺվ˲ˣȫɫʧӡ
һλŭݣôµģϷ˲Ҳ֪
ʱ˷ŵˣ˵
Ϸˣ
Ϸ˻ˣ
ԣȻͷŵϵʱҲ˿æܹʵȥˡ
ϸ˵Ƶûţ͵͵ȥߣ͸͸ǡ
Σ˵壬㲻ǲ֪̫ҽ˵ˣúϢܣǲչһʲô̡
ŵϸ˷ӵ˼ҸղڽεˣҪȥ͸˲š
Ѿߴŵвסϸˡ
ӿм˵лСֵĸ׻ܼңȥʷ֧ȡһλСֵܡ
ŵ˰֣˵ӾͲˣ˼Ѿ͵Ҳˡ
֣˵СֵܸһлĻᣬһЩӡ
ŵĲá
λĵСֵܲգֿŮӡ
һλŮӵʱȴȻһô
֪΢΢һЦ˵飬ɰ
Ҳû뵽ŵڽͷµϸˣȻǻĸס
飬ТĶ
ѵǹʦ˵ģֻҪһжа


320 һ
ŵ㽫ϸ͵Ҿߵģܲסϸ˵Ķʢ
֮£ŵһ͵á
ոմ֪ϸ˵ĶӣԹĻ顣
ŵʵ벻һλƷԱĸףһ͵͵뿪ңεڼſڵĽֵϡ
ӲټָŵӳлˣԷһ裬˵лСֵ֮ȻСֵܲҪлҾһɡ
ŵûоܾ豭һڣǽĵл
֪⿴ӣ˵ŴˣϷ˵壬ûкת𣿡
ӳ̾һҡҡͷ
֪òҽϷƣ
ҡҡͷ˵лº⣬ѾҽˣȥҩȰݷùҽʥҽǶĲ޲ߣҽʥ˼˵ĲĲҩʯҽ
֪ЩɻʵĲ
ӽ͵ǰãԴӳĸ׹֮һղһˣҽĸַӶԹûʲôá
ŵղŷϸʱ˳Ϊһ
΢岢ûʲô䡣
ŵʱΪǳڳԲԭ򣬱֮󣬷ҾܺãȻųܡ
ӽ֮ŵڵ֪ԭ
飬ʵвʼ
һЩһӵķޣһ֮һҲڶʱںܿȥ
ִᣬҽѧһרʣΪѾЧӦ
ձΪµǵ·һҪԭ򣬳аˣҸбȳڵһ˸ߣһʧȥ˰£ôɵʹҲ
Ӱ죬ĳҵɥżˣڰȥ
ҽңΪĲ
Ĳҩҽ߲ܸٸҽңԴҲûа취
ŵ֮ԶϤΪߵ˾
֮ǰڷԺʱһλͬµĸףÿڼ÷衣
ͬΪʲôһÿ鷳ĸס
ͬ¸ĸȥ֮ĸ׾һֱѻÿڼһղһա
ҽĻĸԼԲϣĸÿܸ͹
˼Ҹӱۣĸ׵壬ȴպת
Щʧȥ˼е˼˵øҩĲ壬ҪģǸһµļС
һ꣬˸ǡ
ǳš
ߵŸſڵʱŵ򻧲飬˵ɲŴһ⣿
˵Сֵܵ˵޷
ŵʵϷ˻𣿡
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô⣬ǵ˵ͷش˵һЩֲ赭СʱҾƶĸҰ˻ġ
ŵǰС˵˼䡣
Ȼͬķڲͬδãô˵һ޷
һ£ŵʵܾ
ŵôĸ𣿡
˵ͷĿиֳЩϣ˵Сֵ˵öԣ˷ãһЯŰлʹݵ·ϣ֪ŵ˻ҽ𣿡
ŵԶһ㡣
֪佱ǵѵõȫš
ŵ佱΢΢ǡ
ᵯٻưҽ̳
ѡ๫Ȼ
֪ⲻ֪˵˼˿иֳЩϣ
Ŵ˵Т˳֪ġ
κĸף˵Ƿһ飬Ҳܺϵ
ڳеĵλС
ЩҪĹԱǹʦԼԪһڹԱѡؼʺһλõˣʦĻԹĹˡ
ЩԱ̬ȣԻλĴУҪá
ʱ鸮
߻ظУֻͷһۣ૵ʦ˵ˣ𡭡
Ϊĸ׵ĲĴݷҽ徳ҽʥҲԴΪ
ϣʦΪĸһԡ
ʦĸ׻һ
ʦûԣӦȥֻҪǿ󣬷䷢չʱԻԾĸ׵Ĺˡ
֪λСֵǲǹʦ˵Ĺˡ
Ļ˵һΣ鶼ĸˡ
˼߽֮һľСԺ
֮ڣڴͷϸ˿˵ԼҪȥ͸ģ㲻Ҫǣǲ֪ġ
˵˵ͷߵ¡
ϸ˺ͰĿ˵˶ϲǿˣȥˡ
˳ĬƬ̣Ȼ˵Ұ˷ˡ
ĻϸԭУȻһ˿΢ĹƺҲָ˼ǿӴЦ˵ҶԣȥǺöû³Ҳ֪ûУﲻǴҰҲɲҰ
ߵ棬Ѿ˵ӶҶǴ¨ȥҰˡ
ҽζҪϷڼϢλСѾ
ǵĿӷ߳Ļ飬΢΢ͷ˵ǾϷȥɡ
Ը֮Ѿ֪жûпĸЦˡ
ʱ֮ŷҰ˷ϸ΢Цʵζô
ǰһζҲ֪ΪʲôǰҰ˷ˣھһڡ
ϸ˵Ҫԣٸ
˵ͷ˵ŵķԶˣܾûʲôζķɿڣҪԺؼҳԷɡ
ϸЦЦ˵Է̫鷳ˣȥ֮ǰʲô˸ȥ

ʹݡ
ŵ֪ոճţ׼ȥԺʱһͣʹſڣһӰ
鿴ŵ첽߹Ȼϥأ˫ֱȭһм˵ֵܣĳһݣ


321 
Ŵˣʹʹã𣡡
ŵæλʹһ˴˶ϥ¹Ѿ˲˵ע⡣
ȥԺˣֻȻʹݡ
߽СԺ֮ŵŻ飬ʵϷôˣ
һϲɫ˵ö˺öˣĸǰԲ·Զ¶٣Źȥ˼գһ;ͻָɫҲöˣղųӣϡ·Ҳ˷ѾߣųͷȥҰˡ
ŵһ˵ҽÿҩκĲ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ĲҩҽҲֻǶ֢ҩѡ
ҽжôʶ㡣
徳ҽңҽ϶ǿˣҽѧĳ̶ֳ˵ҲҪȺ
ϾǲѧģҽȺκЧҩá
Ҳǹȵûܶҽ͵õݡ
ҽҲʲôΡ
Ϸ˵ܺתԶӵİ
˿˵ײŸ߰꣬ĸҲ¡˵ˣζֵܣ治֪ôлźá
ŵЦЦ˵ҲһҽߣβˣҽߵְŴĲÿ
ֻһС£Ա˵ȴһҪĴ£ĸ׺Ľ󣬱ٻ̷֮ꡭ
˵꣬˻֣˵ý
ˣ̧ľн
ŵæŴˣĲء
ЦЦ˵ⲻʲôԱжôҲñٱĻᡣ
һľУһŹ١
óʯ֮ϣ˵Ź٣ǰǰһλֵʦһλղһֱڼɳô˻ᣬ͸֮ˡ
ŵָңҷö
ֵʦĶٵɫŵõġ
Ѿͨˣǰ֮ǰ͸Ǹӣ֮ϣҲմȾһЩֵ
˼һ˵ˣŵپܾĻԵЩò
ȥԺϿΣЧҲһЩ
˵ͷ˵˵Ļұˡ
ִһľϻһϻϻһ߳ʳ֮ɫϵĻʮȻһŮ彣
ѽҲǱ͵ģ˵īҴıòϣҿϰ֮ˣѽ͸˰ɡ
˽ӹ˽½֮һ
лûзκ
˵ѽȷһѺý
߶ԣΪȻȱҪһѺõıҲƾʵ
ŵͦϲѽҲûоܾ
ֵܸղҪţ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ҪȥԺڿΣ͵ʱ򡣡
ǾͺáЦЦ˵ñҲҪȥͬ·
˳˳ͬУŵԺǰ
֪һŵǫѷҽʥ޲ߵĲֻһ仰κãеҽ֪Ǹˡ
徳ҽʥŵǱȲ֪ʶϣǿԺԹҽһġ
Ͼĵ̫ҽԺһˣЩҽҲʹ֪ʶȫ棬һλҽȲֻŵûǵҽѡ
Ŀ佱ŵҲֻ΢΢һЦ߽Ժ
֮󣬻Ҳ˻
ĸ׵תҲܲߡӶиɾˡ
÷϶ŵģһЩ󻧲ߡӡ
УֻһСбҪġ
ǸĿĲȥһõʵģߡӣɨһۣͽ䣬һߡ
һߡӣ֮ʲô½
ߡʢģĻҪһЩʽ֧齨˾ľѡ
һʶ֧û
־ȼãԼ֮⣬ÿһʲܸһֺͨĸо
ÿһʾѶͬ⣬Ǯ
ΣǾ֪ף´βˡ
Ļӵ룬룬ͨ
ֵܾĸ׵ĻӵˣǬϣһСС顣
ʢ
ĻЩӣν⡣
ȥһ˴ģһ˲š
ʲôͻԭԻλѾʲôϣȼϣ֮
ǣôһλ˲ţʲôø
λӣΪıʿӣˣլۡģҲûЩ˶Ĺס
ԼѴ֮ñǻ˲Ͷ
ѵ飿
ʱһӰܽ˵£ϢϢ
ʢüһкϢ
ЩĺϢడ
¶һ˿Цݣ˵ʲôϢ
˵ص£ʮӣͨˡ
ʢ΢΢һ㶣Ȼô죿
һ뻧Ĳ¡
ˣҪʮм䲻֪ҪٲֻۣͬⲦǧÿ򻧲ҪǮһʮͷ۵顣
ôˣǸһëεôȻô󷽣
֪ӵ߽ǵĻ˵ǹһ顭
ʢɻ飬ʲô飿
֪΢΢һЦԭί
ʢ㶣عЦ˵֪Ⱑ֪⣬οǸһǣʦֵ̫ˡ
֪üͷ˵ʦΪôô˵ʦ
ʢæԲԲʧԡ
жԹʦǺܸлġ
ԼŸ˾޴ת
ֻǣ벻ͨǣʦ֪ܺãϲԼξȻΪô˼⡭


322 ֪̽
һһֱĬĬŵĻӣʼƵĳڰպͳ֮ڡ
⼸λĴ㣬ͼǹעʱֻĻĸɴ¡
һҹ֮䣬ĵ伣
űⱻ鳭ѳ˾Ĳ֮ǰڹٸİգû׷زҲõһĲжĻΪм
͢Ҳ˶棬黹һЩ֮󣬻ʣ²٣˹⡣
⣬ЩļҲҲ鳭һʲСĽ
ԸоֱʶĴˡ
ǰһһǲܳɹģһΣޣÿζĥƤӣܵõһʩᡣ
գֻܶξͳɹˡ
Ҳü˼Ļӵĺá
⣬̲ʹ£ưʴ¶ĹԱȫνйԱٺ»ͬøлĻӡ
ưҸдӣĻӵۣҲ
λҲסˡ
ôȥǵķͷҪʢǹȥ
µıʿҲ׷׷Ϊǳײߡ
ʩ಼¹ѣ·ؤЩ飬ǶѾˣڰպͳ͢У˲ķ졣
Ȼܶ˶ֻ֪һʱġ
ȵλ֮ͻʧ
ûжûλĻӣ˷ǮѾ˻λҪǵ࣬ͬὫЩС档
λһ꣬ǰҸһˡ
ϾȻյصڵõйԱ֧֣ڰӵмߵҲܼӵӰ쵽ǵĿ
Ագʵ̫ˡ
飬ǶѾˣڼλӶ治»֮󣬶¡
һЩҽңڽͷΪѿ
ͨ˵ܳԱůиڷ絲ĵطǮβѾĪҸˡ
ҽץҩһѲƵ飬ͨոƲ𲡣СһҲ͹ȥˣ˴󲡣ȥҲͰȥˡ
ͨĴҿ𲡡
ҽҸˣһӶӴ
ԹҽΪϵ˷ģѰպѽӴ
һʱ䣬Ľϣ˳ӣȫǵſİա
λӼˣȻҲ׷Ч£ؽƸҽңΪҽΣһʱ䣬ʹùҽݶû⡣
µĻ㱨ΪŭӣģǱ֮⣬ǵѧÿ죡
ϣȻռȻҲֻռ˰졣
һζˣ֮ǵ֮⣬Ҳ˿İն顣
һ°ϵĺ룬˵²ضŭҲûа취飬뼸λҽңЩӵ飬룬Ҳ룬ܲ⼸λӡ
ʵҲǱԹһ䣬λ֮䣬ǻѧϰЧµġ
ֻҪһ飬˲ķ죬˾ͻ̸
Ƕһ޶ɱ顣
罫ĵһ򾡡
̲ʹµĳɰһһ塣
ЩֻЩûʲôѶȣȴӵ顣
ѿЩҽȴ£ÿÿı꣬ߴЩӣҪȥġ
ȻڵѪλӶˣҲֻҧ֡
ʢ֪ʲôˣǬĶû˿ظЧµĴ£ûһǮֻԼûһ֪ĺá
ŵԺʹݵʱ򣬿ĳһ˳ӣߵ֪͵ǶҽңΪƲڣλҲЧ¡
ͨЩŵۼţò˵ԹĴλƶȣȴĺöˡ
ĵıѡ˰λӣȴûйλĹ
Ǵĵļǣֹڶɱûȥܰյ
ԹĴλƶȣȻҲȱ㣬ڰ˵ȴаһ
˭ʵۣȻܾǵҲҪĲο
ʹλĻӣòͨһʵľٴ룬ȡյ֧֡
ֻҪһλ˱ȻЧ£˭󣬽ԽԽԽԽԷǮڿҲǮˡ
ŵԹĽͷټؤ
֪˵λӣֱڳԺרЩ޼ҿɹˣÿṩѵ෹
ǵĿʲôٹУƶİ档
ŵԹ͢Ͽɣ֪¶Цݣ͵͵һۣЩ̽ʵĴ֮ˣĹ޷ӳܣԹʱһõ͢ãļˣҲӹġ
ŵûͬ⣬ҲûоܾЦĻҿɼˣպͶһ죬ɵüǵý˵Ļ
ĵľƣʱʡ
׵ݣָС
˵˴λ֮⣬κȨҶȻ⵽㡣
ŵûн˵ĵǸʱԹҲδһõ·
֪⿴΢Ц˵˷ģ˵仰Զ
УȴƵ̾˿
ûȷĴӦʵˡ
Ҳûлᡣ
ĹĴʮǴλпܻ⣬κһλӵǻȻһ
Ŀܣ»ʵǻ
λʵۣһλ۰
һѵλ֮ʱԽһЩΪʵ飬һλܻܿλ֮ǰһλʵɨе谭
˸£ĬĬ
·һ̯̯λԶȥòջߡ
һλһλߣʵô
ҡҡͷ˵㲻Ѿıˡ
ǰΪһΣǸʱ
һ󸻴޲֣ޡ
˿̣δѾһ
Ǻͬң˸ı
ԪѾ㲻ˡ
ˣϽڻᷢ飬ҲһƬδ֪
ұ֪ġ
СϣǷ·Ϲӣʲô
߾˾ͷ˵һΪǸСӣߵǸСҲһ㶼㲻λѵʲô𡭡
߳ĬƬ̣˵˵޷Ԥ⣬Ǹ˵ԭ򣬺пܣԼйء
Ҳ˵Ƕ㵽
λӵǾ㲻˵㡣
Ķ֮Ǵ֮κͼΪܵķɣʣ಻֮࣬
ź룬ô벻ͨ૵˵Ǽӵ㲻ҲͰˣһʲôѵԺҪʵ۲ɡ


323 ҽƸ
һ磬ŵ֪Ժ߳
µߣһЩڰлֻҪŵţȫͬŵȫ棬ûʲôõĵġ
ò˱Ǭڼ
ԴʦԤ֮ƴĿŬ
ÿ콫ʹݽߣȻͻ
ŵӰ룬ϺͬߣÿææµµӹĵҲʵ
һ£ڼ˺Ͱ˼Խˡ
˻ãʱ͵͵˵ǼˣҲ֪
ȴ޿ɴġ
ȻҲǹվǰ
ŵ⼸ÿ϶εǣʱ򻹻εˣȴҲֻܿǵĻοˡ
׼ԹʱǵĻ
·ʱŵ֣ſŶӿûˣʵôû￴ˣĲˣǿ𣿡
֪ҡҡͷ˵ԴӼλҽΪѿ֮󣬾ûİգҲһƣſڵĶŵûпİգԴԹַһЩӣͽвȥˡ
ŵ⼸ûйע£̶֪̼죬˺ܶ顣
ǿֻ̫࣬һСܿûĴ󲿷ԹΪŶӵ飬˺ܶγͻ
ΣҽҲͨĴǵѸߵľˣƽﶼǸٹ˿ġ
ÿһ޶֧ԶԶʩ࣬λΪλѾȫҶҽȥˣֻǱϵǿץҩǲǮǮǡ
ÿ켸ǧӵ֧λ˭Ҳס
ĻΪ˽ʡһ㿪֧һûҽң˼λͨ
һλڸʩʱСĽˡ
ֳǲ˵ļһӣҲֹͣ
λΪ䣬Ҳ׷ȡ
ܶŴ£ԶһЩĵطİգûװڣиǲ⣬ԹҲûڱλӡ
Ȿһ£û뵽ȴֽճ
֪̾Ϣһ˵ˣ˵ѵҲд𣿡
ŵҡͷ¹ȻûдǺõģûöԷʽҲɲõĽһʼͲģֻȡٵķãҲܵסҪֵˣҪĲ˵õΡ
Ǹӵģδܰɺ¡
ŵԼʱҲû뵽һ㡣
飬ŵ뵽һԽķ
Ļΰ棬ѾһЩһԽĿҽϡ
ǶҽƵ󣬿ֻʳס֮¡
ĸңҽƸĶΪϲ
տؼйҵ״
еԭкܶ࣬ҽԴϡȱԭ
ҽ֮˱٣ҽңᱻ͢רΪҷ
ͨҽңһҲᱻٹΪǸеרְĴС
ЩûŵҽߣҲȷǮˡ
ҽݣˮƽݬ룬Ʒøߣҩļ۸ͨոѲ
⣬ҽϵƣҲһҪԭ
ҽ֮˱٣ֱϲ¢ϣǹĵطҽݶٵĿ˵طݸˣһЩƫԶĵطҽţֻܿ
ҽⷽ棬ǻпΪ
صʹ֮ŵ뷨֪⣬һļϡ
ڿյ֪ԺʯϣŵҪʲôطʼأ
ŵ룬˵ҽƵĸĸһԶ飬ҪʮϰĻۣܳ׸ı״ӹʼһһƽ
ҽԴϡȱǼ⡣
еİ취ǣɳ͢ڸؿҽѧԺҽߣȷÿطİգܵõҽƱϡ
ⲻҪʱ䣬ͬҪ޶ͶʣҶڿκλر
ⱾҲһҪر飬ҪҴطͶ롣
֪Ȼͬŵ뷨һͺʵ֣ǴӾʼҪҲһ֣ܲǡ
еĻӣʲôҪԼ
Ѿòˡ
ңŵ˵ⲻһһϦ֮£ʱҲԶԶ
ŵܿʹ֪˴µѴ
һѴûǮӶյĹУиԵƫ򣬳֮ǰ齨˾Żȫϡ
Ļӵ壬Ღ
ڱ֮ǰǲܶĳһλӱʾԵƫ
ŵ˼Ƭ̣ĿȻ֪⣬ʵأ
֪΢΢һ㶣ȷң
ŵ˵ͷ˵ֲգֻ͢һ츣յĽ飬ѵ𣿡
֪΢΢һ㶣˵ǿԣǡ
ŵĻӵã飬Ȼ㲻ͷϣ˭֪ĻӣʱĻгЩܿõ
֪˵ͷ˵ǲΪ˻֣ΪԹգҲıҪɹĻʡͬ⡭
Թĳ֣ʹͬ
ĵ߻ʡʡִͨܽС
ԹʡܴһȨ·ŵ
漰Ľ󣬻
ǰ컹ŵȥԷ̫æһֱû˵ϡ
Ǯ飬Ӧⲻ
Ѵˡ
ҽѧԺʦɣҽѧԺʦǸ߾ҽңּҽңʱ䶼ܱƷҲַ֣ӼǧӣĻӿͲ
˵߾ˣ;ҽңȡķҲ͡
ԲǮѧԺɾԲᲦǮǿ۹ʡ
ŵܽΣֻһˣԺ˲ʵǷ
ŵѵʱӰ˽
ߵԺǶ֪һȻЦŶŵֵܣ㼸㲻ܸҪɣ
ֿߵһ׺ߣ˵λҩ˵κĲҪ㣬˵Ҫ̽̽ҽ


324 ҽ뾳
ҩȣ
򣿡
ŵ֪ĿӣӶԷ￴Ȼ
ҩԹҽʥأԹΨһһλ徳ҽңҩȵĹеҽĵӡ
˯ͷ˸ոջҽƸĸ飬ΪӺֵ鷸ѣҩȵ˾ˡ
֪ŵԹ֮һ׮׮һ飬²һɺܹ͵ġ
ѵ⣿
ʣʦҵ˾
ǵġ
ԴԹе飬ļ˳
ŵڶݵ̵֮ŴˣӣҸλһ衭
ؼʱŵĻһ̱㶪½ܵݲˡ
ϲֱŵʹĸо
ķһ
СԺ֮ڣλˣĿ¶ɫ
ĸ׵Ĳʦ˵ҩҽ
ղȥŸˡ
²̫̫ǻһˣԼںԺһ˵أͷյķһܳ׷֮ǰоľӣ
˵κĸ׵λʲôҩûá
λǿҵĺ档
ҽÿһλҽߣԼóķҽηʽǰδţ̵̾˼
˽Ȳʳеɻ󣺡Сֵܣô뵽ķʽϷ˵ģ
ŵҲûвҴţԼ뷨ʵ
˵֮ıһ㶣૵ѾӲ
ŵ˵ֲǰôû˵
Ȼû˵Ϊŵֱġ
ŵ͵Լֲ֢ĳƺ֪ע⵽ķޣһ֮һҲڶ̶̵ļȥֲڰȥѾʱҽΪѾӲ
Ȿо飬֪ⶼӡ
ŵ˵˵һĲŴ˵ĸȥ֮Ϸʧȥ˼Уÿնڱ֮УȻܵӰ죬ʱκҩﶼ𲻵ãҪģҪҵµļС
ŵ٩٩̸š
Щҽۣǵһ˵
ĲҽҽߵĹʶ
ǵҽӵޱֻҪ˻һܽӹŹȴ𲻵һá
Ȼֻǵһμ棬λ˷ǳкøС
˷׷ǹʣȫûв˽뷨ǽеϸڶ֪
Ǻѵõġ
ܶҽߣڽͽܵʱ򣬶ٻὫԼҽԼС
̻ͽܣʦľޱĽһλӣԼҽΧ¿һҽݣ˴󲿷ֵ⣬飬
ʵں棬ʵôð
ˣλ˽̸ĹУֶԷҽʮʵ
ᣬһʼ֮⣬һЩУ˼뿴֮κϷˣǲײ
⣬⣬λ˶ܻش
Էż˵һЩҽͣϸ룬ò𣬺һҽô˵ǲ̫ˡ
ײŷǳʵҽ֪ʶ
ĿŶ棬·ŵģһʮˣһλҽʮĴҽ
ɵĿŵʵСֵܣʦλҽʦ
ŵҡͷûʦ
㵵ûʦô֪ôҽģ
ŵҿ˺ܶҽ顣
ŵȷʵûʦ˵̫ҽԺҽǣʦ
ǱҽҸ򣬶һ
ҽѧ̣֪ʶ˭ḻֻûѡ
һʱ֪˵Щʲôѹҽ˷ḻȴûһҽΪԭȱʵ
ҽҶԣۣʵʵ
ֻҽδܳΪһλõҽߣҽҽ߶㲻ϡ
λˣ˰֮ġ
ôõҽӰᣬյҽͲڵľˣֻҪԼܳΪһҽʷĴҽ
ղ·ϵʱ˵λˣǴĵĹԱ
˼ôôһҽҵĴӣҽ˷ҽ츳Ϊͽǿɾ̫ˡ
ŵҲ˼
һҽѧԺҪغܲƽȵһƯƯһǸ㲻ģöһЩҽҡ
ҪôܰҩȵҽҰԼĴϣѴ򹤡
Ŀӣͬʱڡ
Сֵܡ
򡭡
ͬʱڣͬʱ졣
ЦЦ˵˵
ŵǰ˵
ҲûٿŵСֵܣ벻ѧҽ˵Ϊҽң޳ҽβˣ٣ҽҵľɵĻˣҽҵ徳ܻϡ
ѧҽ٣ŵɷģѧѧҽı䲻ˡ
ûоܾǿ򣬵˵ͷ˵밡ʵһֱΪһҽҵģǿûлᣬš
˵ڴҩȵ⣬Ҳ֮ܲ
Ⱥùϵ˵
һϲ˵ôûлᣬѧҽϷ԰㣬ɣϷҽݣϷ￪ҽӦúܿ
˵ڴ˵⣬Ҳ֮ܲ
β˵ĸоӶϲҽң֮ͺðˡ
ŵʼ죬֪ͻһ仰Ҳ岻ȥˣĵģҽ֮£Ǹ
û뵽ĵ󣬾ȻĽ
֪вЩǣ汻ѧҽ˰ɣ
ĿŵѾ׼ȥҽˡ
Ҫ߳ʹݵʱŵͷ֪⣬գգ۾
֪Ŀһ̻⣬¶һ˿Цݡ

ŵһʣ֮£Ͼȥҽѧϰ
ҽ򵥣вס
ҽ鼮Ȼʼʽҽ£һ꣬Ȼͻҽ
ôʱ䣬Ŷ˵ʺѧҽС
ҽݣشá
ҽλԹĵشһԺӵС¥һ¥ץҩ֮⣬ƽʱλҽʦ˶ӣҽҵΪ
ҽǰֻԼǿ壬١
˵ľɱ䣬ҪͿҩͨԼβ
ַʽڼ̵ʱ֮ڣ˿ϣ
ҽ˵˵Ϊ
ҽҺĲ֮ͬڣԴߵľԴԴϵĲҽǻĵģһһ㣬ǳ
ǰҽŵˣҲǲ鲻Ը
ˣشȻҽҿҽݣץҩԭʼķʽ
ҪҽβҲǲԣǾļǮˣҪ˵ͨˣ˼ΣҲҵ
ŵ߽ҽݣڿλҽʦվʦ
˵ͷߵһλҽʦǰ˵Ĳˣ
ʦĻҽʦԹվóλá
ոµһλˣȴЩ̫Ըˡ
ҽʦǵҽңѾ͵һӡ
ǮˣˣȴôһλСᣬ˭ԸⰡ
򿴳˼Ц˵õģ㿴֮ϷһΣȡķá
ô˵ڷĵ
ҽտǻشõƣ׬ˡ
λ¶Цݣ˵ܾþֽűϥ
ŵָӵ̽̽
κôˣû£￪ҩ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
дһҩ˵ÿһһ£ҪǲҪȣȻҲ׺ȡ
ӿ˵ҩ𣿡
ŵ㲻ԺûõĻòҪ
ԥڲãѵãûвİ취
ŵ룬˵ҲУӵһǿǣҲͲٽˡ
̾Ϣû츳
ô˵ҽҪΪ˿ǵģŵ˼˵û츳ĻҲѧҽѧҽͬǿ壬ԺˣҲԼԼΡ
ԣƺ
ŵȴ˵˵Ϊҽʦ͢ҪһҽѧԺմ־ѧҽ־֮ʿһ¡
ҽѧԺ
һ㶣ʵ飬Ϸôû˵
ŵ͢ҲǸողſʼﱸӦҪһʱŹ
ֻǲһ£δ·ϡ
ûпŵҩԼΪ˰ȻдһҩҩһԱȡ
˵ҩȻṉ̀Ԫģȴȫͬ
ŵҩϣ˼ζҩ˼ζҩ
һЩҩĵҲͬ
ΪľĴҽȻ֪ҩĵҩԣ̸ҩĵһݡ
̽ͷ˿ʵӣһ
ĬƬ̣ŵдĵݸ˵İɡ
һ֮󣬷ŵҩҩĵϣȷһЩ
ССͣҩĵȺҩİѿϣѾǷ켫ˡ
ŵ̲סɣǿҽܿ
ŵĿĵһλ뿪
ҽȫĵ̫ҽ
̫ҽģǴĵĴٹˡ
ЩȨǮȻҲȱŮˣǵĳ
̫ҽεĶˣ㹻ľ飬ͨ˵ķϵĸҩմﵽ
ǵľ飬ȫŵԺС
һ֪ʶںϣ˵½û˱
شõܺã˿Ĳһһ
ŵֽˣ֢״Уܷ纮ģ˽ŵģʧ߶εģͷͷʹġ
ŵڿˣڿŵˡ
ӵڶλ˿ʼȵ죬ûкϹ
ΪûκҽΪܿôҩѾ˲ˡ
û뵽ֻʵıɽһǡ
λʧ߶εŮӣֻǾ֣ĦƬ̣ҽݵĴϣס
һְĦַҲϡ
⣬ֶΣҲʮֵǬ䣬ѷɫһӹǵҽ
ͬʮ־տ
ҽʦȫһԿţɿʼ䤱
ʮˣҽȻһֻһ͵ˣĲԽԽ࣬ʦǵĴҲԽƵ
ܹ
죬ǿٲ˰ѵˡ
ŵΪһλŮ˿һůķӣȻожһ˿ů⡣
ڷ͵ػع
λҽʦҲȵĳ͡
ǣ뾳ˣ
ŵܵһȻ֪ʲô
ץôҽΪҽҵĵӣֻһš
ڽ۽ʵ˼λ֮һȻˮɡ
촽˶ȴʲôû˵
˵ʲô
ţÿڻش˳ҽȵ뾳֮˳Ϊͽ
ʵǣʲôụ̂˼ѧ˺ܶࡣ
ôڣ
˼Ϊͽ

ʦͽܣҪǿͽΪҽЦ
̴⣬ŵ˹֣˵ϲ뾳ԺСֵܾҽҵһˣǿϲɺء


325 ҽ
ŵԭֻźһϵȵҽƸĸʱ򣬺æ
뾳ҽң⡣
꼸֮ŵվ뿪̨
λҽʦ»صԼλá
ŵĿ˵ϣҽ֮Ӧأ
ҽҵ飬ʵΪ˽һ˵Ĺϵ
ҽôУ˽ˡ
𽥴лع˿ڲˮѹѹ˵ҽУʵʮּ򵥣ֻҪҽӦ飬β˾ΪĲԽ࣬ΪԽ࣬Խ֢ΪԽ졭
ŵ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵
˵з棬ҽҺͷź֮ܶ
ͨϰΪд˰ӣΪή͡
ҽͨҽΪôҩҽˣΪҲή͡
е˵λԽߣΪԽ࣬ҽεĲ֢ԽѣΪԽ졣
еڣͨ˺ΪҽеڣҽСҲûʲôá
ҽңҪͨҽ飬֪ҽ
ȻѧҽβˣʱһȻ뾳
ô˵ʵƻĸʱŵѾεҽˣڻشƵ⼸ˣΪƾṩһš
ʱв߽ר򿴲ġ
ʱ뿪ŵһ˸ڵǵ
ָϻһС˿ڣȻҽת˿ڴֻۿɼĹ˿ھˡ
һҽңʵôСֻԼϣЧҲ
˿ٴһЩ¾û취ϡ
ֱͻƵľΪˡ
ȻҽѾ뾳ˣҪģΪ
񷨼ңһֽоͿԿ˵Դ
ҽһֻܿһˣҲʲôʱУֻܰʱ䡣
ʷϣЩе߾ҽңһɷ֡
徳͵Ĵҽ֮ʱһ֮ˮ𣬾ƶҽѧľ޴ǧ
£ҽеľͲյˡ
ŵͰ齨˾ҽȫʱһƾ
֪ƶԹҽƸĸҽΪ᲻
Ͼߵ壬ǰ߻ҪشĶࡣ
ʷϴûҽ飬ͬڷҺңӵиĸҽԣעԷΪûı
Һͷңҽһ㲻ҪٽҽҵıҲǧѡ
˼ҽңҾ߱ƶ
ŵ뵽ĿȻ̨ķ
һ鷳
ҽڣһŮӿͱ˵Ŀڡ
㲻ǺĴͷ۶βã
һѵҩӻ˲٣˸ûã
ܲΣεĻҩǮ˸ǣ
ưˣ˵
Ů˵ƿԣҪҪڣŮӵ
ô˵𣿡
յôߣҩô󣬿ò˵ˣ
ô˼ôӵģ
ŮԣһλʱüģȻ䣬˵ˣ˵ˣ￴ãȥĵط
ŮĻӿ֣У˸ǣȻҾͲˣ
ǺҧǮ˸
ҽҲʲôΣͷ۱Ѳ֢ԭҽʥҲܱ֤һκá
˵Ѿҽˡ
ֻܹһʱҽݲˣȥۣ֮ʲô취
˵ҩҲˣҽǮӦˡ
ʵǲøƽϡ
ҽ棬Ѿڿˣøˣ
ȻҲöˣŮӣ˵˰ɡ
Ů˫ֲŭʲô㣬ǮȻû꣡
ԣ̾һٴüģû˵ˡ
ʱһӰ߹ӣʵͷ۶ˣ
ӻû˵ŮӼվһλˣ̵תìͷ˵˭Ҹ㣬ܽ˭ǵǮ˸ǣ
졣
ŵһۣŮӼҽݵĻƾȻô˵ҪŭȴôŲˡ
Ų죬Ҳˡ
ȫΨһܶģ顣
ӼһڣӾȻĲ˵ˣдΪ⣬ɲƢգڿ϶Ѿôˡ
ŵٴοӣʵͷ۶ˣ
ӵüˣ˺ܶҲ˺ܶҩֻܹһʱ
ŵΪ˰Ͽûʲôġ
Ҳܴȫಡ֢ͨжϲ
ֹ۲һӵ㲣۾沼Ѫ˿
ŵʵʲôµģ
ӵ顣
֮Ĺ۵ͷ۾ƣԼ׵⣬Ҳᵼͷۡ
ŵʵ鹤æ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵̫æ
ŵҲ⣬۾߾׵⣬Ҳβá
ŵԺУʼѰ
ļУЩҽһв
ĳһλҽʱĳֲ֢ûа취֮󣬼ǻۣ»عˣܻһЩµбŷ
ĳһ̣ŵٴοӣʵһʲôʱͷۣ
룬˵һ֮󣬵˯֮ǰ
Ųۣ
ۡ
ŵ˼Ƭ̣ʵǲҲۣ
΢΢һ㶣ͷǡ
ŵʵ磬ϦԪǲҲۣ
ӳԾĿŵٴεͷ
ҲŵܺųЩ
ɲҽңҲеı졭
˵ʲôֵĲӵģ
ŵûʣѸٵдһӡ
̲ס̽ͷһۣĿЩ졣
һߵҩҩ֮Ȼ˶ûʲôں̵ܶʱ֮ڻ˯ȥٻ˯ʱ
Ǽصʧ֢ҽǲῪַӵġ
ܲǣ˯ͷͲ˰ɣ
дҩŵ˶ŮӵĽ
Ůӵɴ۾ֵ㣬ղŶʲô
ŵһۣ˵ûʲôֻ㰲һӰ
Ůܻ쳤ӣʶҪŭһ뵽ղŵΣ¶һ˿⣬ֽԴ˻ȥ
ŵҩݸӣ˵մ˷ץҩ֮ٿЧ
ӿŵһۣ˵Ͱλ˵İɡ
ĶԱ˵ָֻţҽҵĹء
ңⷽӳҲûʲôΣ
ŵǸˣ˵ǵãӽ쿪ʼÿʱ׼ʱҩ
΢΢һ㶣ʵң
ŵ˵ͷ˵㡣
͵ҩҪŮڵΪܼҩЧҩ֮˯ԣȻմɢҩ
ŮӺɵĿŵ˵ҲҽɲҪƭҡ
ͬɻĿŵҽҲû˵鰡ѵǴҽҵĶط
ŮȻҽղż׼ȷ˵ɷĲ飬ҽϿɵġ
ҽ˵ķãȻǻġ
ŵνʼ磬˵ξͲˣ˷Чٻѡ
ȥȻޱȺ棬ûʡ
ҽ˵ҩڻܡ
ղ͵͵طΪҽңѾˡ
ʵĻԼЩ֡
Ҳŷʣ˷ûЧ֮Ի
Դͬģͷ۵ӡ
ǳùģץҩ֮ӻؼȥˣҪȥš
ʱãԼʱ̵ʱصҡ
ҩ飬ȴѾ߿е֪ʱҩоޱȣѾط˯ˡ
Ŵ£Ī˿ĸо
˸裬ֿһ飬ȹһޱҹ׼ϴϢʱ򣬺Ȼʶϣͷû۹
ͷڴϢӣòŻع
ĴȻӺҩͷͲˣҸôԶҲЧ
˯һڶһ磬õʱ򣬷ӻûѡ
һ£ָСĵıǼԡ
ġ
˿ĵϴ
뿪֮ǰϵŮתЩԺ۾ʵʲôʱˣ
Ӽˣһ㵣Ҳ֮ʧ˵ϳʱҪȥˡ
Ůһ£ŵ˯ʱ
ҩͻ˯û뵽һȻ˯ôá
ع֮ɷˣͷ۲ۣ
Цˣ뿪ҽݵڣҵͷû۹
ŮҲ¶֮ɫ
ǸĴ򣬱Ǹϼһб¶ˣѹָҲ
˿̶κɷͷ۲ֶ˼ģ컹ðʱҩ

شá
ŵ죬ԺѧϿΣڻش
ЩѧϵԽԽŵÿǵʱҲԽԽ̡
鷨滭ֵЩǼ򵥵ϿξģŵֻܸǴϵָ໹ҪԼϰ
ĸֻһ
Ǿҽ׬Ǯ
ԻشõλҽʦΪǿһӡ
Ҳ˵ܲκòһǱյġ
ʵϣҲڲβ
ûаκòҩܻῪɣҩ˶Ҳûʲôһ㿪ҩǼʮϰӡ
⻹ֻλҽʦѡ
ҪԳҪʮӡ
⣬ҪĦǣ֮࣬ļǮ
Һûи߿Ƽҽ豸ҪȻһȦҽ壬ǮҲ÷ƶ
ҽҲˡ
߶𣬾ͽͨվ֮⡣
һ̵ĻƣһµĹǮŶңǿ𲡣Ҳҩ
伮˵ҽǼġ
ʵϣҽ˰ա
ҽΪҷ񣬴һΪȨͨգܲʲôҽԴ
ҲӼᶨŵԹҽƸƵ뷨
˷УԺ˴ģֱЧ¡
ŵ˼ʱҩǰĿ
ͨ⼸Ĺ۲죬ʶһʵ
ΪλʮˣʲôǿΪҽҶġ
ĹӰ߽ҽݡ
ŮӾֱߵŵ̨ǰ˵˵ҽɷͷ⼸춼ûˣ
ӵľ״̬Աǰöˡ
ŮӴӻȡһƱ˫ַŵ̨֮ϣ˵Сҽһ£
ŵһ˻˵ҵʮǮǸʮľͺá
ŮӵһһҪ£⼸꣬ǲ֪˶ٴ򣬶ûκͷۣʣµǮ͵Ǳҽġ
ŵ˼ҵĹء
Ůӻ˵ʲôȴץס˵ȻҽĹأǳȥЩͭǮɡ
СģҲɢֻȳȥͭǮ
߹ϵıʮãȻ
ǣκ˰
ѧһҽɺҩôͷۣ
ǲԼõģ
ʲôΪġѧ˼ʮҽ⵽˳׵ĵ߸
ŵ֪ʲôЦ˵ңôκİɣ
ͷҡͷ漰ɵҽܣǲҪ˵ˡ
ҽҵɲͬҽεֶҲͬ
ҩһóǵĺܶҩǲ֮أƽʱὫҩƳɵҩʧһЩҩЧҲñ˵õҩ
ϴѯʣѾǺðˡ
ͬ飬ڶΣ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ûʲôܲܵģҽҪཻнȥȸˣҲǹһ
ԣȻ𾴡
һλҽԵľ⡣
һʼҽҵȱҲôġ
֪ΪΣҽ𽥷չڵӣҩڣеҽɣʼ˽
ҽ˶ʧʧʱĳС
ŵЦʵҵƷʽܼ򵥣ûʲôΪǼҩҲһɺҩѡ
ȻΪΡ
ŵЦΪͷʹ֢ǰɣ
ͷ
ŵڵǶԷʱע⵽ÿŮੲݵʱɷͻüͷҽסǶʱ䣬üͷ滺˿Ҳ²⣬ͷʹ֢Ӧġ
͵ҵֻ֪ûؼңպͼյʱŻͷۣҾ͸ȷһ㣬ΪЩʱǺһġ
ȻԣŮ˷ðҩͲɷ߳ˣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ʱãʱҩɷؼҵʱѾΪҩЧ˯ˣʱɷҲˣˣʱûл߶ġ
ԭء
ԭôΣ
ĸ׵ĲҲ辶
β֮ԼһҲ뵽
ܿͻعʵͷʹΪԭأ
ŵһҽ棬ЦʵǰҲĲͨǼ⣬ѾȷĲһˣҲŮӶ˯ѣҲû𣬲Ǯ
ҽ֮⣬޶ԣԭء
һţŮ
ҽڣ˶ȴʲôҲû˵ֻǶŵ˱ȭ˵Ϸܽˡ


326 ҽͻƣȻ֮
شá
޻ͭǮʮģĽŵ
Ůδ뵽ɷ꣬ݷҽβõͷ֢ȻΪԼ
Լɷ򣬵ͷ˵ҲãԺҲ߶ˡ
ԣҲæ˵ңҲû㡭
Ƭ̺޶ŵһ񣬻ϲص뿪
ЯֶȥıӰ˼
죬ŵϣѧһЩ
Ϊҽң̫ҽҽ
ҽˣҲҽģҽҡ
ʱӰ߽ҽݡ
һһŮЯߵ̨ǰŮ˵򡣡
һԷޣԸгӦߡ
ŵҲע⵽ˣĿ΢΢һ˿졣
ʦ
λʦ
˵ͣӦʮҡ
͵ʦ츳Ȼĸ˻ѷһҲƵ֮ˡ
ﳤϴӸղŵлعߵ̨ǰ˵Ϸǣģ
˵ͷУЩûס
ǿһ㲻пǼֵĴ󲡡
ϣʵ˭к֢״
ӿߵŮӣǷ޶˳ɻ꣬ȴãҽóƴ˼Ѱ
˵꣬ʮӷϡ
ԣ˿
óƶּóľǲ֢
ʮĲ֢ޣûһǧҲа˰١
ԷޣȻĽ
ӣ˵Ȱ
֣ҽָϣƬ̺ջأֿŮӣ˵Ҳ
ŮҽΪüͷ
򸾶˼ˣĶȥ
ӹʵô
ûпڡ
ѹǳɻ궼ûãԷ޵ܼ֡
޶УӵգŮ
ֻͨ⣬Ҳûʲôн֮
ղ̽һйصļؼѨλֳ˼ͼ
·򸾶һ⣬Իá
˵嶼⣬ǵȻкӡ
ҡҡͷ˵ǸϷΪǽջȥɡ
򸾶ԣһ˿ϣҲˡ
̲סʵλߣ֮ǹˣѵûи߹ǣֹû취õ𣿡
ǰҲͬĲ
ߵйŶԡ
ŮеĹƫգԪ⼸Ѩλᵼ¹޷
ĹͻѨλɱͬ޷
Ƿ򸾶ˣռȫˡ
˵ˣҲû취
Է򸾶һۣ̾˿
֮Ȼʦ͸֪Ǵ£ǸʱһУΪ׷ٶȣûпǹõ顣
ֱ˳׶꣬˫˫ʦۿŮ֣֮źڵľ
ɽݷҽóĴȴͬġ
ӿ򣬲ȷʵﾰ𣿡
˵ͷ˵Ϸ򡣡
Щܽܣ૵ܰʦ˵شã˵ǵĲѵʦ˵Ĳ㣿
֮ǰʹˣشõﾰһ֢ʦ˵Ĳ˭
ʦ
һ㶣ǹʦģ
ʦǵңܹδ֪˼ҵĻһд
ǣԼβ˰
Ѿʮϣѱ׸ı䣬ԸԷΪȻٸ͵ҩʮϡ
ǸʱѾʮˣ
ɹʦǲ˵ʱһӰߵ̨֮ǰ
һ̣Ȼʶʲô
ѵʦ˵
ʦǲġ
һ
֮ǰλˣصķﾰܻΪԼɡ
ϾѾˣ˼άȲ˵˼ά
οԼó
Լó򱻴ܣһҽʮ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ĿŵʵΣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ԡ
ĲҲˣΪ⵼µĲӣⲻײó
Ϊ˰˸Ľľ֪˶˼
ڸĽϣԼĶž顣
ǶԷޣ˵λҿһǵй
˶һۣδ̻ش
еĹǲ֮أֻĵĵܹϰ
Ҫǿܲԥ
λˡҽѵ򻹺ã
ҡҡͷ˵ǵĹûдϡ
ŵû˵ʲôҲһλҽңȻԸˣǲԼҲǿ
Ѿ緹ʱ䣬Ҫȥˡ
˵꣬˸к뿪شá
򿴳˵ɣĿ˵ҽϷҪκǵĲǸһ

صʹ֮ŵҲ
˵ˣԷ
ڻشõһصʱѾʼ׼ˣҲһ߰æ
ÿ˵ķֹȷ
ŵ³飬ȫ
ڳæµôּ˵ӡ
Թȥϴ룬ŵ֪Ժеʯԡ
֪˵Ѿ򻧲ύ룬ͬ⣬ȲһҽѧԺĳﱸʱȣ½һѧԺӦˣ׼һԺһ£ʮ֮ڣӦþͶʹá
⼸ҲûţҽѧԺǰڵĳﱸѾӽβ
ĿǰҪ
һԴһʦʡ
Դ򵥣ѧҽһܲıֶΣ棬벻ơ
һЩǮ˼ңҲкܶཫ͵ҽѧͽѧͽҪѰʦ£Ҫ֧ʦһʲƵķá
ˣ̲ҽҲҪҽʦ顣
ҽѧԺԳ͢壬ҽѧͽõԴ⡣
͢ԸṩʳޣһĲҪǱҵ֮Ҫڳ͢ҽҽꡣ
֮ǿѡȥ
͢ҽݣһҪ顣
⼸ڻشŵʶҽƣڳ͢С
ҽݣΪǮ˺Ȩġ
ҽƸ֮󣬱뽫Ѻҩѹ淶һķΧͨİҲ𲡡
ҽݵĴ򣬲һҪߵΪҪ뾳
ֻҪջҽѧʶܹһЩĻ֢Ѿ㹻ˡ
ŵ⼸ڻشʵҲںϵ
ǣ˽⵱ҽ״
磬ҽȻĿƼֶҲԶԶȲϡ
Ϊҽ谭˻ҽѧķչ
߾ҽҳ֣ʹ˿ϣ
û뾳ֻǵ;ҽңһЩһ磬һЩ΢ҽƳʶ˾ܽȴ޲ߡ
ŵԺУҽѧϵ
һĹŵҽϵ
һףһĿѧҽϵ
Ȼҽѧרҵģִҽ֪ʶ࣬Ϊͨ˵ҽƳʶǾ߱ġ
һЩ߷ֶΣԼһЩӰˣϿС˵˽⵽Ĳϵҵҽѧ֪ʶ
㽫ϵϣһµҽѧϵ
ѾЩ뷨
ǰŵֻΪԼϰɱȨ󣬸Ϊ˻
񣬶֮ڣѾû֮ǡ
ѣӣкӡ
ĺ罨ܵϵ֮ҲʼţǲǿΪЩʲô
ΪУΪҪͨԼı硣
ʹҽҿʼɡ
ŵʣֽд˼֡
ҽֲᡣ
Ҫдһҽѧ伮Щµҽֻ֪ʶֶΣԼֳжϺƷ
ⲻһҽҵ飬ҪҽҲܿ
ŵ¡ᡱֵһʱڣȻһ
ŵͷλã΢΢Щȡ
ǵҽҵȻ
˲Ϣ֮䣬൱ڷҵڶĳ̶ȡ
ŵֽϵĸ֣˼
ֻдĸ֣ҽΪֱڶ
񣬵Ȿ֮꣬Ϊʲô̶ȡ
СԺſڣǶ߷̤СԺ
һ̣ĽŲͶסˡ
ȻʯķĿĿŵ
ղǡ
ͻƵϢ
뾳Ÿո찡ܵһͻƵڶ
˵ҽǰͻƲǺѣԼʱҲ꣡
갡
ôģÿ̰ڣĵѧϰҽÿİλϵĲˣæԷʱ䶼ûУ£ҲͻƵڶ
ŵ׸ʲô
еʱһϢŵɢ
΢΢һ㶣ĿֱĶŵ૵⣬ǡ
ŵ֪⣬ȸܵϢҲ𾪵ĺ촽΢ţ૵Ȼ֮
ŵ֪ԼڶһϢһ֮𽥻ع
Ȼ֮
Ҳ뾳ˡ
֪ôеģ˵еĶˣֻҪμӿƾ٣ͱȻҪͨҵ伮߱뾳ҵĻ
Ҳֻǻѡ
Ψĵġ
ңιƽ£ֻҵ伮Ҫһʰ֮ġ
ʰ֮ģǶ˵ʰ֮ġ
ŵǰ飬Ȼ˾ҵӶģΪԼЩʷǣȱһ֮ġ
ֱΪԼҪΪЩʱž߱뾳ҵʸ
Ϊ֮ס
ǷңҽңīңңũңݺҡֻҪӵһʰ֮ģܼҡ
ŵڵ
ңּңңҽңҡЩȻͬȴڣһַǳгķʽš
Ԥǣ⻹ļޡ
ݺ뾳ӦҲԶˡ
ǰûзҲûйκμء
ŵƯǰⱾ֮飬вһɡ
䡪ֻǷ֮
һ䣬ͿɵĳΪͨҵȫսʿ
֪⿴ŵȵ˵
첽߹ŵǰϷһֽֽдĸƮݵĴ֡
ҽңΪҪҩһֺ֡
֣ŵȫܱȣһ㣬ڻشõʱͷˡ
ֻҪ˶Աȵͷо͸ֳĸо
ֲǹؼ
ҽֲᡪҪдһҽ飿
ʲôҽ飬ֻдһøո뾳˲ͻƵڶ
ҽҵǰǣҽ顣
ҲΪҽ棬Ϊ
ҽѾѲд£˱ҽ飬Ҳǰ˵Ļ޸ΪޣҲҽѳҪԭ
ƾĸ֣˲ƾⱾҽݣһǿԵģ
ܲⱾҽı룬ǵ徳
ΪΡ
ضһʷҽ伮ﾰ棬ҲҽҺǾ
뵽̲סĻ
ͨ
ֱӹŵǰ
ŵһæ˵ϣǸʲô
ȣһѱһ㣬һⱾҽɣҪʲôҶӦˣ


327 ʦ
ŵŽȵ˵
ıȣһûеľҽȣ˵㲻ӦңҾͲ
ʵڱϣŵҪκ˰
ЩͳҽҶģҲģδض
ŵЩ飬һǰ첻ɵģһʣһЩ˰ֶΪ
ĩҳһ䡰лԴıдṩҪİǬһлַŵһλ¡
ŵ˵ͷ˵úúã
վ˴ƣɫ
ҽʷĺûᰡֻҪŵܴԸѱҽ򶼹׳
λʦվԺУòŴ𾪵һĻлع
Ĵҽһλд˴˱Ȼ汾µġ
λǰ˵λСҽǵĹȷûдϣдϣҪǸղŵð
ð㲻ϣйôҪĶİˣŵʾ⡣
ҲûкǼƽ飬ֽֽʵݸ
ϴ룬ԺȻˣ˹
λʦʶĿһۣĿ΢΢һ
ŮӿŶʮңȴŵľ۷ʵ
Ƿ޶ˣʮ֮ǰʦѾټˡ
ֻ֣дλǽĸ硣
λŮʦֻһ֮ң
츳֮ڣȻһ
Թһλ콾
ֻǿλʦͲٹעǡ
ʦ̫ˣûʲôôСֵġ
λʦУܿдйŵ
ŵ˿еĹһΪһΪ˪һһ
ǷĹԵһ£ǾʲôⶼûС
ϧŮҪѨλ˵嶼⣬ԼҹţҲǲܻеġ
Ůӿŵڴʵҽûа취
ŵ˵ͷ˵İɣⲻ󡭡
ľŹǼ򵥵ˡ
ֻԭеĻϣӼѨλŹûԵĹǵͲٶ񻯡
һٸҽֶΣ꣬ǵָܻ
һİ취ǾǽǵĹԵߵıԣԼ壬ָʱ졣
˵Ȼǵڶַá
ŵԣڶַҪ鷳һ㣬ʱ䡣
ŵ׷óѡ
֪λҽȻҪΪ޸Ĺ
ŵĵʦ顣
˶һۣʵǿѡڶַ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ԣһַھܸǽڶֵĻҪһЩʱ䡣
ŮȲʵҪã
ŵ룬˵ɡ
ҪбҪæû취ʱڰǸ档
˿ѣ궼ȹˣںһ졣
Ůӵѡڶ֡
ŵ֪⣬ȴʡ
ҲҪԷ򸾽һôǣŵϸĺǽһԼķ
һƷҽϵ
ͷ򸾶˶˸붮
йҽҵľؼѨλؼˣǶ飬һס
򸾶෴˵ʮϤҽҵһЩֻۣ֡
򸾶ˡ
򸾶Ҳ
Ŀ⽻֮˫ж
û뵽ȻܸĽֶѹסе𾪣ŵ˹֣˵лҽҽǶ٣
ŵǾ͸ʮǮɡ
һ㶡
˵ʮǮˣʮҲ취Ū
ΪԼˣҪʣĽ͵һλĴҽӵм˵ĴػΪǵĲ˼֣Ͷǵ𡭡
ô˵û϶ԣӻȡһ׼õƱ˵ã֮ϣѭĹأĽһһ¡
ŵ˰֣˵ӾͲˣλСæ͵ǻֹ˰ɡ
ˣжѱһϲ̵˵õõĵطҷ򸾶һƴǡ
ŵЦЦ˵Ҳʲô£ҼеƿǡλǽʦλΪ
˾ʦֻһ֮ң
ؼһŵûа취ֻܿԼ
һֱŵޱĽɽľ裬ȻΪڶʱڿҲкܴı׶ˡ
еĽŵˣι
Уǲ˼ġ
⵼ȱ˼ʦǡǡҪԼ˼롣
õİ취һЩʦӶԼٳӦԵ
ĵЩʦǲеģǵĽ·ʮ
λԹʦ·ŵ֪ȻҲ֪
˵Ǿõ
˻ɻμԶڳô
˵Ŀʱʶԭ˵Լ
ȻٰҲһʱˣżǻᷴӦ
ŮЦЦ˵˵츳ʵƽܰͻƿҲǷ޶˵ҡ
ӽ˵С£ʲôæһ¡
ŵ̬ȼҲûپܾǿ֪⣬˵ڳｨһҽѧԺҪΪҽߣҲ׳ҽңڰյĺ£ҪлҵĻͽǮҽѧԺɣԺҲиİǶ棬Ϊǵĺ۸ˡ
ԣƱݸ֪⣬˵һ¡
֪⿴ŵһۣ΢΢ͷӵнӹƱ
ڵȱӡ
ֻһٶĻλǱߵˣ͸÷ˡ
еӣֻԼ
ĻѾȫóˣǱߣҲò
һʱȼü֮
ӣУᷭ¾ܸһЩҲոѧ
ȱٵģֻԸǵˡ
ʱŵ˵ϣʵҽѧԺһæ
̵ϷӦˣ
ŵһû˵ء
ʲô飬Ϸ򶼴Ӧˡ
ֻҽʷ
˵н徳Ļᡣ
һƾնһϵ˻شãȫңҲԸ⣬ֻҪŵдǱҽʱԸһ𡭡
Ѿʮˣʮƴ͡
εĻᣬⱲӿܾˡȻҪץסš
ŵ˵꣬ԥ˵ȥҽѧԺǰɣû⣬Ϸ͹˻شãϷ»мλĵӣϷҲȥæ
ŵ⵹ǲأֻҪȥһڿξУҪӰҽݵ⡣
˵Ļϣŵ룬˵ΪҽѧôĹףǱУһúøлġ
üһ̵˾٣ϷԸ˾һ֧ҽѧԺĽ
ŵ֪һۣ˵ֳˣҾãҽѧԺԺ֮λĪ
ĬƬ̣˵һ̫ˣϷΪ׳ҽٳһ
ŵ룬ֵҪдǱҽ飬ȱһ룬֪ԸԸ⣿
Ȼվ˵ҽңգⲻǵ飬ҽߵ飬ϷһЩ⼸ȥ߶߶ܲҲЩӣ߽ҽѧԺڿΡ

磬ŵѵõϾʱ俴
⼸죬ǴæһԼʱ䶼ûС
ԺǱߣģ϶ѾˣҪÿȥ
شˣŵҲûȥ
СԺ֮ڣӰڽս
λŮʦʵѹڵľ۷壬ں˵ĶսУңңռϷ硣
ΪܷͬӳʵȴԶ
ȻӵзḻĽ֪ʶͨʮϵĽܹ˳ʩչȴý仯ΪԼĶ
ŮʦȻýû࣬ȴһ׽ݱֱ仯
ȻҲС
ֻΪ̫ᣬʵս̫١
ҽڼãڽУǵҲֻǿﵽһ硣
ִʱŵְ취ĸ˳Ϊʮʦġ
ʦǺܺõ̶죬ŵܹԵĲĽ
ߵԺʯԣеӽλʦ˵ǵĹѾĺˣת֮ǰøŵĵǰһ
ֵݸŵ˵ɹת֮󣬰ŵץҩԼӿǵĻָעôˣǷôҩ𵽷Ч
֣صĽӹ͵ŵ˵лҽ
õĽĹ͵Ȳ뿪ˡ
һ֪߽
ŵʵﱸôˣ
֪΢΢һЦ˵Ѿʼˣ̶죬гǧ˱ǵһֻһҪһЩɸѡ
ŵͷ˵ҽҵҽºҪȱûдôˣ
˵£֪ϵЦݸʢ˵ֹڣ˻һѾӽʮˣģҲ⼸춫ߣġ
̶죬ͳʮ
ѾȫΪʽˡ
ΪҽѧԺԺҽֲḱ룬Ϊ˳Ҳǻȥˣҽݶˡ
֪ôӣֶЩۺ죬ҪһЩĵط
ŵɡ
˵ҽѧԺﱸӣֻҽѧԺ
ҪѵȣʮǾţһë
ӣܿġ
֪˵ͷ˵֪ģҾܾˣЩʱڹĸ֮УÿһʽĿ¼
£ŵǷĵġ
ͬǹͰȫԸ
֣񾭴
˼ܣһЩӵ飬Ҳܰŵ㵽
ŵֻҪҪʲô飬ͲҪˡ
֪⿴ŵһְĵĸо
ŵ飬ֻȥ
ʲôѣɽ
֮ƺ춼ھһߡ
Ҳ˵ˡ
ǹʦָ㣬ĸ׵һ
˵λӵʦҲҹʦһ֮󣬲ڻش
Ҳ֪ǹʦ㵽ǵǸԤǵ
ʲôԭ򣬹ʦǰĻһӦ顣
Щ죬˺ܶҵĵ伮
ʦ˵ǵ徳ҡ
ԽԽãʦʵӦòֹ徳
Ҫ㵽һҲҪΪңԹǿҵĹˣҪ۷塣
ʹʦܺãҲΪʦΪ˻֣Լ
Уһʲô飬֪ġ
ʦ֮ǰ˵һ仰񲻽⡣
˵ϣδĳһ죬ټ
ѾˣԼΪٰµģѵɣ


328 ֮
Թ
ǡ
գһ飬ڳ˴ΧĹע
򻧲룬ϣܲһʿڹｨһҽԺĸҽ˲ţ츣ա
յԺʮҽģһûС
ҽҴУԼ壬ɵķʽġ
ҩȣԹûнʱҩȾѾˣһֱ
һЩɣǧɣɣţյҲʮϸ
ҪѧҽȽһѧѣѧ֮ѵһ룬ҪϽɺͼ塣
㣬ѧѣѧʳޣÿ¸ǷŲΨһҪǣѧ֮Ҫڳ͢ҽҽꡣ
֮ȥ⡣
͢ûҽݵģպҪﱸҽݣضҪһʷá
Ϊ˲һҲûʲô
һδȴĺ¡
˭ҴӣȻܵ
Ȼ֪ΪĻӹûֱĻӵ壬λӵˣԴҲû취˵Щʲô
Ϣһİޱܡ
˵ʱڳ͢ҽݿ۸ʮֵͨҲܸ𣬶ҩĵļ۸ҲҪҽݵࡣ
ѣһֱǰٵĴ⡣
ҽһҽݣҩѣİ˵ǳе֡
Сֻܰȥ
һ󲡣һ±֮ҵ
յԸܼ򵥣Եñů𲡣˭ӵǾ֧˭ʵۡ
飬ƶġ
ĻӵĴȻ黹ûеõʵĻڰеѾڽڽ
ʢ
ĻȻѡΪӣȣʵ̫һʼûȥҲӵĽڽ
£ڵʱתĻᡣ
ʲôž
һӰ첽߽˵˵£££ǵĵ飬Ѿ׳λˡ
Ļԣϲû¶̫֮ɫ
Щӣ춼кϢЩϢѾľˡ
οյ֧֣ȻϿƺƴ󣬵ҲֻǽҪģǳ֧֡
ϣޱȿϧ˵˵֪ǱߣѾﵽʮӣЩӰװ׵ȥϧĵط㹻򼸸ؼԱˣϧ

ӷڵŲӣּ
ҽΪβ뵽⡣
µıʿᵽտѿ⡣
ܸıһ״϶ܵõյĴ֧֡
û뵽Ǵڿǲܣ˻¡
ȡıʿĽ飬һЩҽңҪҪʮǮ
Ȼֻжʮģȴס˾ųҪֵˣ˳ĽУҵõյĳޡ
û˼죬ҽѧԺ͵õ׼
һҹ֮䣬ûˡ
ߵǣӿ֣뵽⣬ǻۣ
һλıʿ̾˿˵£˵Ѿﵽ˳ʮĿҲеѧмλĴҽ
ȻľٶͰ뷨ıϡ
ò˵ǣǵľٴ룬ҪȰĸӸ
ֻαꡣ
׵ҽƸƣα
һʲôʮǳﵽôǮˣ
ıʿ˵ͷ˵ҽ˵Ҳһ£ܹʹҽҸ׳ҽݶ˲ӡ
һ뵽ⱾӦԼľڵѪ
ϣ˵ܽҽѧԺҲܽʲôǾʲô
ıʿҪһӡ
飬ɲ˵ġ
ǰҪһӳﱸڵͶ룬ǲ֡
˵һˣԹĲҲΪ̡
˵ҽѧԺԼ壬Ҳֻһͬ룬²ᲦӣҲԼġ
Ĳ
Ķ֮УѾ౻Ϳˡ
ҧҧ˵Ǯ飬취
Ƭ̺󣬰һ±С
űе鱦ԼռʮĹֻȻ絶ʣǵЩóȥˣǮԼҽѧԺܳҲܳҽڿΣҲҽڿΡ
ⱻ֮󣬰ص޵ϣþõĻ
εͶȻ󣬵ջҲС
óٶЩҽǣԴΪ֧֡
ԼΪӣԳ϶óﵽĸ࣬˵ܽˣһѹ
뵽źЩ
֮󣬸ƸҽѧԺȥ
Ȳվʵôˣﵽ˶ӣ
촽˶˵˶ʮҽݣﵽһǧ
һ㶣ʮҽݣֻﵽһǧƽÿʮ򷢽лأ
׷ʵƸǵأ
̾˵˵ԽΣÿµĳͣҪһǧ
һ£ŭһǧôȥ
Ƭ̺ӣǱͿȫ
ΪʲôܳﵽʮЩľҽңԸȥѧԺڿΣԼﲻӣҪڿΣҲҪôĴۣ
ʲôЩҽֳǮֳˣ˵֧
á
֮УԹҽΪ٣ҽݱء
ҽҽڹҽݣóƵҩ밾ҩģҩ򵥷㣬ЧţԹȨĻӭ
ȻΪƵҩĳɱߣͬĲ֢õļ۸ҽҲߡ
õҽʦһλľҽң˿̣ҽ֮ڣŶӵȴǵ˺һʼ
һˣô
Ҹղżһλ˼¥
λǻشõҲһλľĴҽܺͽʲôҪҪ̸ɡ
˿̣¥
ڵϣһλߵȣ˵һǶĽ飬㲻һϷͲˣ
ȵһΣ˵ǧҽõǮҲǴģٲҾͽˡ
룬˵ʱҽѧԺſһ鱮дȥΣ
˼Ƭ̣Ŀڵǧɣǧٶˡ
ҽѧԺȻԼ棬ҽ˵Ҳһ¡
ˣԸһǧ
ļʮĽϣ׷һǧҲԡ
ҽѧԺǳ͢ƶģһӰ죬ֿܰԺſڵʯϣùİպҽܿһӵ顣
Ϊӣٸһǧ
˵ҽѧԺոսҪһ
֪˵ʲô˰֣˵Ϸûգȥʱ˰ɡ
ȥҽѧԺ飬һȤûС
ԣҲûټ֡
ӵƨϵĳȻӻóһװĲӣ˵ˣǴдһҽ飬ҪҪ֣ԵĹ׼ˡ
νɡ
ҽ֮䣬ҽϻǺܳ顣
õ㹱׼ҪľС
˵кôģдҽ飬ҲΪҽףΪҽҷչ̫ãѾд£дҽѾˡ
˵ͷ˳ִëʣǱдһ֡
顣
±ʵʱ򣬽Ȼһ㶡
Ȼܵڵҽһ˿΢
ľΪһ˿΢ɲʵҲǼɹ۵ġ
ղһ˲͵ֵһ¡
鲻Īķһ̣Ͳµԭ
Ŀ⣬
ǵױдʲôҽ飬ֻҪд֣Ϊ
ҪԼĲ룬޴ĹףǴ徳
Ѿ߳ſڣ׷ȥ
ͷʵʲô£
촽ָеĲӣʵ⣬һʲôҽ飿
΢΢һЦ˵Ͳùˡ
Ƭ֮
ڵϣıȣ˵ǼʮĽ飬ֺ£ôңһһҲһЩһɡ
ۺ룬˵Ϸֻһ룬ôҺΪѰ
ȸһЩ˵㲻Ӧңͱˣ
֪˶ã˵ҪĻҲǲԣþҽѧԺ飬ûг͡
ڣ̵ӦӦϷȫӦ

ʹСԺ֮ڣ֪ںŵ塣
ѧԺеǰ׼ѾĲˡ
ڳҽѧԺʼնûйܹǳҲãҲգһ˾Ͱ
ŵҲѵõ
ǳｨҽѧԺǱ飬ŵģԼջȻ
ΪߣҪΪ͵Ĺס
ˣ£ΪģԼҽݶˣȥͶʣﵽԼеԺȫһ˵Ĺ͡
Ϊ˷£ŵҲܴȨޡ
ҽֲᡷŵΪ룬Ϊ룬֮£һЩ룬һЩҽΣһӰ죬Ҳܽεİϡ
ɷϣٲҽߣȷһġ
ǲΪȨĴΪβȡκηãҽֻǼ
˵Ϊ˰սҽѵ⣬Ϊҽҵ׳󣬻ԵõǱϵͣѻʵϵ֧֡
޽ĹϵӵȶͿɿ
ŵṩǵ棬һΪ
ΪϢϢأҽҵľ徳ͻѶȣߵ徳Ҫѡ
½ľҽ徳ȴֻһˡ
ֻҪһ˿ϣǶŹᡣ
ŵҪ飬зǱѰ壬һɹЧ£ʹ½ڼƣʮϵ档
˵ҲΪ
ҽҵģҲûң¶ûʲôʵԵĺô
ҽ޵ŵԼЩ˾ҽֻңô޿ɹܵܵ
ŵһ廹ûִ꣬һ
һλľĴҽԸΪҽѧԺͬʱҲԸΪҽѧԺڿΣϣڱ롶ҽֲᡷʱһ
ŵȻӦˡ
Ѿ֪˵ĵڼλľҽҡ
ǰ죬ŵΪҽѧԺʦգڻøŸ࣬Ҫڿε̫࣬Ƕü˵
ߺ֪⿴˿ԺˣŵʹݵԺ̫СˣͣιҲʩչûǮһլӣǰᵽɣ֮⣬ֻһסܶԺӶǿŵġ
ŵ˼󣬻ͬˡ
Լûʲôȷ̫㡣
ʹߣ궼ûʲôģżС
˵Ҳʾͬ⡣
⴦Ժ̫Сˣʱʱ̶̿һ㣬䵽ƾĹؼʱ̣ÿζȫʩչоܱ
˵Ķ࣬Ͱᵽ
Ŀռʹˣ㹻ĵطŵҲһ鷿Աдҽֲᡣ
Ѿʼֱдֲĵһ 
ص˼ŵ֪ʶⲿ֡
ֹѪ˹ķθգԺľηԼˮҧˣжˣˣ˵µȷֶΡ
Щճл
һҽֲᣬ̵ʱ֮ڷҵӦԷڶ Ҫд֪ʶ
߹ԴͷϽ⣬ԴļһЩ߲ĿܣЩȾ߲һ֣ԶԶһ˼ˡ
ʷϵĴߣһһǵˡ
ҪƽʱõʶٷشĿܣ㷢Ҳڶʱڿסӡ
д£ɫѾˡ
ŵһ߳鷿صޡ
깦ԡ߳ͷʪģֻһɫ˯¡
һôãԴѾϰߡ
ȥԼĴ˯ʶûˡ
ķ֮ڣõʮ־ȴֻһŴ󴲡
Ҫת뿪ʱŵʵȥ
˵ȥ˯ѵҪ˯һŴϣ
ʵЩڰˣ룬ʹݿԺסһӡ
ŵŴ󴲣òᣬôܹ
Ŀ⿴ˣ˵Ŵֲ˯£һ˸һӾˣ˵˯ڱĵطһд̿ô죿
˼Ƭ̣ŵ˵ĺе
ֿе徳Ĵ̿ͣŵӦ
ѹеϲߵߣ˵ǺðɣİȫҪΪĻô£һλ˴ɱ㡭
˵ԼϴȻҿǴӦҪúñġ


329 ޶ë
ȻЩӣǺ˯ͬһ䣬˯ͬһŴϻǵһΡ
ŵƫͷһۣ˫۽գ˫Ҳץűӡ
ⲻ˺ͼһʼͬΡ
ǴӷִͬӵһӣӴ··Ҳһʱ䡣
һΣȻͬʼԤڵķչ
ŵ۾
ʱ˵۾
⿴һԣǹճһ˵Цݡ
峿
ŵʱͽһ㡣
˵ıӵ룬洫
ʵŵĲĸ磬߾ߵľ棬ÿֻҪܶʱ˯ߣָܻȫľ
ŵϴߵԺ
װ֪͵͵飬Ҳǵһˡ
ûһ֪߽ù͡
Ժڵͤò͵ʱŵ֪⣬˵δ£ٲҪ鷳ˡ
֪΢΢һЦ˵ǧô˵˰ô࣬ЩʲôιǻʲôҪģɿڡ
ŵл£ʱûʲôҪġ
͵͵ŵһۣû˵ҪһŴ˵ϣǻҪ˯ͬһŴϣ
֪ǲˣҲûѡ
Թ緹˼
ŵ˵ǿʼｨҽѧԺ֮λӣҲ׷Ч£׼ｨԼҽѧԺ
⼸λӵҲ˼ֻҪһĳ飬ˣȻЧ¸
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵һ£ôܹġ
֪˵ͷ˵Ҳôġ
ŵòϣԹȶƶȵĵĻʵۣ̫Ӣˡ
ҵĶֶ֮ξΪλν伫
ñŪҲ亦
ԹԽǼңԽ档
ֻǶݵ棬ҲܱһֱˮҪá
ŵ鷿ȡֽʣͤмдҽֲᣬĥīʶԼɡ
֪ԹԵĥī˵ûôԨѧʶҲûֻܰЩСˡ
ô˵ˣŵҲֻ
֪һĥīһʵˣѰɣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵Ȼ
һʼֻǺϵ
ŵ£ӦպС
ôʱദŵλüĹΪͣ˵ĹϵҲһʼĶˣһѲΪ
֪ȻѣԺɲԲҪôҲҪٵµµĽˣһ֪ġ
ŵԣ˵ͷ˵֪ˡ
ֵҲٽˣҡ
ȻʶŮӵ֣Ϥ֮ʡա
ˣˣ֪ʲôģôʡԣܾùֵֹġ
˰֣˵֮Ҫ˾ˣ֮䣬Ҳòʲôƺ
ϣ˾ʹ˴һ¡
ŵһֲᣬ˹
ֳﵽӣΪҽѧԺλ
ЩҽҲǮˣ˺ܶҩ
ÿóƵķͬóƣóƣڿƣƣ򣬾ڲ֢ϣԼĶط
˵˵ȻǰܲܳΪҽһΣܳʲôʵǶΪҽҵķչյĸ˾޴Ĺס
ʱһͷˡ
ǵõһôҲܽǸι̵İϡ
Ʊ֪⣬ŵһһЩǮѣûסڹҴȥǡ
ŵ²һҪ飬Ҫ򡣡
Ƭ̺ŵĻ㵵Ԥ컨
ΪԼˡ
컨֣κһλҽˣö
ֲ֮һûЧƷȾٶȺܿ죬ʷǳߣ״Ҳҡ
һȾ컨˵ͨˣ;ҽңпܰȥ
컨ԤĻʷϣͲΪ컨ôˡ
߾ҽȻ컨ҲȲ̫ˡ
һλ컨ˣһλľҽ͸֧Ҫòָܻ
ˣÿĳ컨֮ʱֻѡЩٹˣĿͨմȥ
ֻԤ컨о컨ĽҩҲһ˼Ĵ͡
ֹǧ飬ֻҪܺԼճôһϵ
ֻ룬ͼЩ
κһ˵а취컨š
˵ģһֶỳɡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵Ԥ컨ܹɣʱգ컨ܻᱻ𣬴½Ҳ컨
ŵڱдҽֲʱע⵽컨һ֢
֮ǰһ컨Ѿˣ컨Ḷ́ŵʷѧǸʷԽС˵ĵеڡ
ǰѧʱ򣬿С˵Ϊⷽ˽⡣
оҪô治ЩС˵дģҲδؾ𿼾
ЩҽǣԼķ
ԸһЩ򼤶ͨ죬Ȳɱȥ
ŵ׼дֲʱ֪
ʵôˣ
֪˻˵ԭΪֻǾͨգû뵽֪ܡ
սԾץе˰ĵεߣûʲôġ
һˣ͵ֵλָеıʿ
ѹֹʦ˵ֻҪλȻʧ
ŵǫ˵Ҳʲôֻ֪ǿһ㣬վǰ˵ļ϶ѡ
ȷе˵վں˵ļϡ
Щ֪ʶһֱԺƽʱ벻ҪõʱȻͻḡֶ
Ժ֮ڡ
רĵŵҲıдֲᣬ֪Ķ棬Ŀʼͣϣ˼ȴ֪Ʈʲôطȥˡ
ʱشڣҽ飬˫ֲѡ
컨ǿ컨ص֮һ
ڴ½Χڳ컨徳ʲôǵҲϣ
Ǹʱ򣬾ֵʦʦˡ
Ѿ컨ҽҴˣⱲӶٵ컨
ҽҵĳʶûŪеԭ
˵Ϊ컨ˣһֵֿ컨Ķ
ûл컨ˣҲֶôǱ㲻ٸȾ컨ˡ
飬ȫԼ
ͿԶеĹ͡
ȴøԼ
ԼЩ࣬Ȼûа׷Ѱ
£һ˸ɡ
ֻҪһֱĺԺУǼϼһôôҲôһǣйһ׬Ϊһǡ
Ƭ̺á
¥˵ûǮˣܱܲҽݰɣ
Ƴһۣ˵Ϸʲôˣӵģк㡭
ŽɵĿʶʮˣкҲⲻҪ޴Ĵۣǲ֪εĴʲô
컨Ԥ֮½Ϸȥ죬ϷһԺɱ˵Ϸк²ˡ
һѿڵ컨ڶϷ𣿡
컨Ԥǰôôˣ
úͣ˵㰮Ųţˣûպȥǧš
ôһν̬ȣýûףۼ¥׷ȥȵҡ


ŵдֲһ£д⼸ݣΪһдʱ
ǰҽҵ伮ΪŵԴ˵Ҳ֡
¿ͷѣξʱſԵĹ͡
ӰǳԵģȵʽɵʱӦûһΪļ
ŴӰ첻󣬾ʲôΪ
գڴһȺҽоţǹ컨ӦҲԶˡ
ŵ±ʣ˸׼һ塣
Уʵ̫ˣŵܾǰƿֱڣûϢ
ȻҲƽ̫æû̫ʱϰйء
ΪÿһҪʵʵĿ
˵ʱŬͻˡ
ŵŸһ˾߽СԺŵ
ŵ߳СԺڹŷ֮Уˡ
˹ˣûм
һޣŵľ۷Ϊ
⻹һλϢޣز©Ӧʦɡ
ŵܿʵŵ򣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ңǡ
˱ȭ˵ϼðţһ󡭡
Ƭ̺ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵҪҰǸķ
˵ͷ˵ǵģϼڵķȻٶȼ죬д˹ŮӣãԸĽæ֮£㾡ɳۡ
˵϶콣λ򸾸ǵġ
˵ⲻʲô£ŵԼ֣˵ǵ̸ɡ
ʱԺڵС֮ͤУŵջشŮϵָ
Ȳʵô
Ůȷʵ庮˺ϴλŮʦ̫ࡣ
ǵĹŵղҲˡ
˵ͷ˵ⲻ󣬰ռɡ
˶¶ϲɫȭǾͰˣ桭
ŵ˰֣˵֮ͶѣǿŸУԵĻλҸæ
ҽѧԺʽӯʱȱӡ
ˣȱ
ŵȻҲʵ̫ܸ㹻ѹ
ЩԹǿߣŵĺ
ŵҪȻӦʡ
⣬ǻָŵǧӣΪл
һ˵顣
ǧǻֵǧ
ϼڵˣԹ˼ա
ֱȫϼڵĽԼƽ֮ǲŸĹȻȥ
⼸죬ɵĿĺϼڵһޡ
Ƕŵġ
ŵҲǴʱŵ֪ԹѾˡ
콣ڵǶʦ򸾻ȥ֮󣬽ŵĹɵĵǰõ˿е֤
콣ӵһλİʥԹֵͷڴֵĵλ
ʱ䣬Թָɵǿߣ콣ڽ
飬ڶʱڣʹԹ֡
ɶ֪ˣܸķ
Ϻܶ鶼ȫ˼ĸʵۣʵɨҵȴ̵Ŀܿ˵ֲͬµʴ
ԣЩٶȼĶо޴ĸãޡ
ȥеĸã΢һЩٶȣҲǲܽܡ
뿪콣֮Ǿ̿ʼԹ
ŵѾ֪һȫɣ·ϡ
һë޶ײ޶
ԼУȻ÷ˬ
Ѷŵ̾ҵ
֪Ŀŵʵ
ŵ˵ͷ˵֪ϴȥģûзִĵĽֵǬ
֪˵ͷȻˣʱԹʹţ۹¡
ع֮󣬱Ч¡
תһ룬տ϶ϣţɷϿⲻڻڰеĿڱǾһֱûиж
ŵ˵ȫõĴ£һʼտ϶ùٸ̫ܵ£Լܸܵסĸƣº󣬵ϰˣάȻһСȴǳֱۣҼЧܿ졭
֪ŵžԵΣԵ˵ͷ˵ðɣһûȥġ
ŵֵУЩӣɵǲԳ͢壬ΪǾٰһᣬ͢Խ˼ǿֵϵܺǴɺЩɣΪάطȵҪ
֪ʵڴ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ֻҪͨ͢ṩĳغͽӴˣͽˣо飬֤ƯƯġ


330 ˫򱼸
һΪ˳ᣬŵǷ˲ٹ
ǷѾ˼óͬ͢⣬Ȼĸǧĸϻȥ˵ڣôĵһ𵽴ͷãԼһһŵдţ·뾡ְ취ֻΪǸӲ롣
ǰǰ󣬻˼µĹ
򵥵Ķˡ
һˣԼ
ʿǺģǸĽŵȡκηãǰСæûһɾܾ
ΪҪĽ̫࣬ŵʱû취ɣҪȵ֮󣬲ܽĽĹǡ
Ƕʱ߲˵ġ
ڴڼ䣬ŵԹס
棬Թ͢ԴˣҲûʲô飬׾ͨˡ
Ͼͬ飬ڴѾһΣҳֵ͢ϣάطȷкܴãһѾڴĵõ֤ʵ
ܿ͢ΪǰźһС
Щ۹ģʵˡ
Ҳȱˡ
øɵʦؼʦֻһ֮ңĵľ۷ǿֻ콣Ķɶ
ŹʿԽԽ࣬ÿ춼µĸŵԼҲͻƵϢ
Թķݾַ
Ϊ˷һ֮ǰ͢ķݰᵽ˺¸ڣԭķݱ׼½һ԰ӡ
ľٰ죬ʹó͢ʱȡƻɨɣΪٰĳأſڵңҲˡִ塱
μδĸǿߣʵողμ콣ھٰᡣ
κˣ¹йĴ£Ҳ˼ܾ
ڳ͢ЩʿҲӣܳԹסÿóԺúȵĹţﱸһӦˡ
⣬ÿһλʦܵõ͢䷢ơ
ƾһȨٲסصվԵطԱȵȣνӡ
ΨһǲϰߵǣĹ̫ˣ̵Ȼᱻץڼ䣬˷ʳԳٵƣ˽Ҫڽҷʡ
СģҲ᲻֪Ĵĳһء
ȻǲϲЩأԴˣֻܡ
Ҳû취ŵĹ˼ûõĽĹ֮ǰҲȥˡ
Щһͬʣͨӣųϣ˾͵ܷ
öˣܷԽԽ࣬Ҳûʲôоˡ
ִᣬʵûжȤ
콣ڵʱǾͺЩͬдˡ
ڸλ츳Ůǵǳ
ǹССͣʵߣǾˡ
ÿθҲСջ
дջȺͬʦд軹
̫ˣҪֵõһΡ

ŵ֪е֪ЩɣѾͳ͢άطٽгһϵԼ
͢ٷϳЩɣһȨ
ǵǿеĵλСɵӰ
ͬʱ͢Ҳṩһı
֮䣬һЩԹʱ͢Դе⣬Ҫʱֱṩӻ
֮䣬Ϊ˽Թ̲ŵ飬ʱз
Щ͢ǰǲֵġ
ǳ͢ܣܹ׵ѹκ
ͬʱЩɣҲӦһЩΡ
ҪԼµӣ䷸鷸ƣͬʱҪ͢άطȶΪһӰؼƽؼṱԼ
Գ֣͢һ˫Ӯ顣
ѾһˣֻҪԹһͺá
ٳ鱾ѣѵǻᡣ
ҪΪӳ֮͢ڴģŵһ˾
Թַ棬ɶǷ飬÷棬ȻûʲôƿȴӵһĻȨ
һ⣬һڣ
˸ո˵飬ͿɿĴܽżʱ򣬲Сˤһӣȴ˿ˣܵŵߣ򣬳ˣǳˣ
Щ죬ŵָ㣬ͼλѣһֱо컨
뿪ҵһ컨Ĵׯ
ǵĶʵ飬Ѿɹ֤ʵӻţȡõĶҺûиȾ컨ˣٸȾ컨
Ȼ컨ȴܽ컨ڻ֮ǰ
ҽһ
֤ʵ֮Ǽ˵Ϊõŵ
⻹ֻǷִµĹ͡
ȵԽԽ컨֮˱Ȼ̤徳
ŵʵѾ֪ˣҽһ˲䣬֪ǳɹˡ
Ϊǵ͵Ķ࣬Ϊ֮ˣҲ󣬲ŸոͻƵڶûãִˡ
֮ŵ㣬׼˷һһ
վֱ壬ŵľһ˵ҴµҽҺͰգлҽĹס

Թ
ǡ
£ÿ죬ͻд·
·£ӰԶ
һǳ͢ǿ˺ɵϵҺǴҪЭ顣
Թİ˵µ岢Ǻܴ󣬵¶Щڵĵطգȴ洦
͢ҪڹΧ;УطٸΪ
ЩӵʦɣһĵͷߣԼǿطȶ
һ飬Ǻ˶ϢϢء
ϵ壬µͨգܴ档
ҽѧԺļλԹպļλҽѾҵ컨ķ
˵컨ǰպȨ󣬶֮ɫ䡣
Ȼڸ߾ҽ˵컨Ǿ֢
һ컨ӿ߾ҽңȻΰѿء
Ǹʱ򣬲ǰջǹһȾֻ
һϢʹùײϲͬʱڣҽ֮УĲ
Ϣ֮ҽң׷ǰȷϡ
鱳󣬶Ʋһˡ

ٿִᣬġ
ҽѧԺҲһֳｨ
˵ȻⲻĻӡ
Ļӵãһ飬Ļӡ
λڼ䣬ĹȻҲĻͷϡ
˵֮ǰλӣϺĻһһϣûˡ
λֻвĸ¡
ĸµʱǲܽ⻹Ĺ
˳
λӺһá
Ϊӵ˳Ӱһۣ˵ֵܣжûúõĺȱˣ
λӶûпڡ
ֵܹȻСʱĹϵܺã֮󣬱ȻȻı˴롣
ڸ˼λÿһμ棬ԣá
˲ڣ˳ѵĿʢǸλã
жһŭ컨ˣǻô죿
ץҲãưҲãｨҽѧԺҲա
Щʲô¡
ǵˣŰ½ǧĿֲ߶ˣ˭ܱȣ
ֹ͢Ϊ

㡣
֮ǰʩǷǮ˶յҪｨԵҽѧԺٶǮҲסô
ûóı£ҪҲˣñ֤ÿյʩ಻ܶϡ
һͣ£°ջתΪǡ
Щ飬Ļӵڰ֮Ѿﵽһ۷塣
ĹЮ֮£󲿷ĳҲƫ
ʢԼҲˡ
Щʵ۸
ǣʼգʢʲôû
еʹλ״Ԫġ
ϲʢʲôΨһ
һжıʿĲˡ
˳Ų豭˵ҲͰˣǸݰĲģһãʲô
ȻûпڣȭͷȴѾս
Ǳʢϼ꣬ۿġ
СûбֳʲôܣĻ²٣˴ûнǶ֣ʵҲˡ
䣬˸Ч£ûκοȦɵĹ
˭ġ
˳ĬƬ̣ٴοˣ˵֣ѡ˭͸ɡ


ҹ
˻ڷܵŵдһֲϣһָĹǽڡ
ЩӣһнչΪ˳
˵ĻѾһ۷塣
λӼҲܺȡ
ЩԺѧǣһµʱɿ죬ĻһºĿƾϣԺӦҲѹ⼸Ժ
ŵҲ֪ʲô顣
ΪĻѾˣЩͶ㵽Ļӵϣ£λ϶ǹˡ
˵λˣѾϴλλڼ䣬Щʷ϶ΪŨīزʵһʡ
Ϊô£ҲʱúúÿǿԼˡ
عвĸ¡
ĸ˺ͼ˰飬˶ûɡ
ŵˣֿ˿ϵӡ
깦ϴ裬˯߽֮ҡ
ŵվڴߣһӣǰʵôˣ
ŵָָӣ˵ղڴϿ飬ˮʱ򣬲СİѱŪʪˡ
ⴲϣ˵ȥ任һ
߳䣬һͷ
Ȼûסˣǹÿ춼ɨϵıͷҲһȱ
ŵǴӣڹá
»صԣҡͷ˵ûбӣȥһ
˰˰֣˵ˣѾˣҲ˯ˣǲҪ˼ҡ
ŵһ˵Ļ˵ˣһʱ˽˵ʲô
ʱ˼˵һӾˣⴲӹ㹻Ŵˡ
ŵݵ֮΢΢ͷ
Ҫ˳Ķࡣ
ռƻҪ߳
ʵǣֻ߳һ˾ʣµ
ڴϣƬ̺ߵıӱƿһӰҲ˽
˸˯һߣ˼
ŵ룬ñӱʪɣӦʲôأ
˵ĽëҲںڰ΢΢ʵʪıӣԺ׵ĿǬû뵽Ҳûᡣ
ʼս˵ĻҪյġ
ûлᣬʹᡣ
ڶ죬ҹ
ŵ鷿߳˲ûԺ
߻ңո̤ţŵһƽζ
ıӣڵϣ汻ճһ󶴡
˾վڴߣǸĶ˵ҵĶˣҸյҵʱ򣬲Сİıӵˡ
ʱ䣬ŵʮҹĿıӣˮ֮˻գǳ׵òˡ
Ѿҹˣ˽ֻٴδպϸһӡ
ڶһ磬ѾϰˣȻŵ
ո۾Ϳҹе
ϣһΣУСʱеμˡ
ŵ÷Сһ𳤴ᵯٸʮʱյ궨µĻԼԼļ޸
ε֮ڣոƿĺͷҪһʱȴʱ˵˹
Ϊûо񲻳ʲôΡ
ڣ۾ʱ򣬿Ȼ
ŵ˯죬һĵ̽ͷȥĶͷһǡ
ջԴ׼ʱȴŵ۾ˡ
˫ĿҲȻ
ӡ
һͱһůĻ촽Ҳסʲô˵ˡ


331 ȡ֮
峿

Ժȴ·
ȻѾȥСʱȻЩȡ
͵͵һ£ѾΪϰߣÿζ˳û뵽Ȼˡ
ãƺΪֻΣｫμˡ
ֻһ룬˯˹ȥ
촽ĵһΡ
ŵӷ߳չһ壬˴˸к˵ˣ簡
սһЩҵ硭
轣ٶȶȻӿ죬˿̵顣
ŵҲԺһ緹ʱ˳һ䣺εˡ
ں˱Ǻһ£æ˲죬ͷԷ
֪⿴˿ŵֿ˿ˡ
һʼΪǽõĹϵ
Էơ
ΪŮ֮Ĺϵʱǵճıֲ֣ôܡ
˵ǲǷޣȴֹһңͬ
ҲǸЩͿˡ
ʱһŮ߽˵ʢˡ
֪Щ죬һģʲô飿
Ƭ̺߳СԺ߽һʢЦ֪ⰡԹ緹ûУ
֪˵ͷ˵Թˣôʲô飿
ʢ˴֣˵Ҳûʲô飬Щʩ࣬ؤģĸѾˣʩǮûˣ߲ǳＯ˼ʮﻮһЩȥ
֪üͷ΢˵ϴβѾ߹֣ҽѧԺＯӣֻҽѧԺ𣿡
ʢ˵ⲻҲû취ڶʩ࣬϶ոĲ֮ǰ飬ҲǰҲ֪ʢļҵףԶԶûǼƴƴǵġ
֪üͷ΢΢һЩ֪仰˵ʵ
ʢˣ̳ȴģǮҲǰҪģȵǻ֮󣬽ӣ˫Ļ㡭
֪룬˵ֻάʩò˶ӣֲղ˺ܶ䱦𣬴ѡһЩȥǮӦ㹻άּˡ
ʢüͷ΢ɲһ
ռ䱦ֻռʱ򣬱ͺķ˺ܴÿһͷãȥǮʩ࣬ôá
ңҪӣҲΪʩࡣ
ʲôӰλģǳеĹԱ
ĿǰڰеѾԶԶˣûбҪ˷ӡ
֪⽫ԼĶͷϵĽȡ˵ҽѧԺǮһĶܴܶճǧӣټĸҵһЩ鱦ȫְɣٱһЩ䱦ƷӦóŵù⼸¡
ʢû˵ʲô˵ͷ˵ðɡ
ɫЩÿһԲȥ
֪⿴뿪ıӰҲЩε̾˿
һ磬ñ㲻ɢ
۲ҽѧԺﵽļʮӡ
ΪｨҽѧԺЩҽҲԸ
⼸ʮԶԶЩǮûƶҽƸϣԺºٳＯ֮ǰһŬ
һʧˣԺ󣬿Ҳȥ顣
ֻ뿴ĸºĽ
Ҫ飬ʮҲδ㹻
һ̣ʼԼ飬˻ɡ
ûȥԹĻʵۣԹ˵һ
׿ݣƾĶۣãӶеκһλȻָʺλá
ɹʦѵǴģ
˵ԹδͿһλʵˡ
˵ԹһλʵۣźĹϵ

Ļڰеһʱ޶λӼ࣬λ徳һԤԣĻĻӦˡ
û˸߹ŵӦʲô
գ˱֮⣬û顣
˯ʱŵŴϽеһӣʲôҲû˵
ʱ򣬺ͿһҲͦá
˿Ǵӣͬûпڡ
˶Ĭûһӵ飬ϴͬһӡ
Ŵ֮ܿ䣬һξ롣
ڶһ磬۾֮ľѾʧˡ
֪ʲôʱŵѾ˯ߣͷֱҲϡ
˵ľ֮ǼⶼҪһ
Ϸ飬Ŀ͵͵ͻ룬ԼıǼ⣬ŵıǼ⣬ִ˲ƣ
һŵˡ
͵͵ʱٹʼʩû뵽Ȼˡ
ŵü̾˲ӡ
ŵûѣִ󵨵Ķ
ŵȻֱۣıڻð˯ѵ˵ӣ֡
˱ȻĶһڻУһҲҶ
ܿ죬ͻָƽǸֳһĨЦ⡣
һΣɲġ
ĵıŵţ۾˯һ
ȥӣŵٲ𴲵Ļ͸ùˡ
ŵֻ۾װ֪װ˯Ľֱ۴ƿϢ˴
˴ʼնûжװԼû˯ѡ
뿪ŵĻУȴһȻʧĸо
ʱȻŵĿ
ϣʹһĴС
ߵĽŲԶȥúŴ򿪵
۾ԼĿгɬԼϲ
ɬ;ϲ֮࣬־ЩЦԼǵľ۷ߣĸ֪ܱȵģΪ͵͵᲻֪
˿̣Ѿһ
ԺҪ𡭡
ŵϴԺﳿһ˲ŴŹǷӷ߳
ͷˣʵôô
룬˵ƿˣͻҪԵҲûʲôã϶˯һ
ŵװͿҲ֪װͿ֮Ĭ
ˣ˵ȥЩˣԼɡ
Ƭ̺һ˹
ԴԹҲ䲼֮󣬽ֵϱ֮ǰǬˡ
ԹЩʦץҲץˣŵԴ޸ġ
ԺٷֻץˣһնԴ˵ĽܶҲߡ
˾һͨޣЯڸĲг
гܼŵע⵽гһЩؼλãһЩ˵Ŀ⣬Ⱥвϵɨӡ
ӦԹ˾ˡ
ԴӵŴ֮Թǵʧ԰ʽ½ҲĻӵ
̶̵ڣĻӾͳ׷ΪĻٳһеˣŵʱûлݺҵ
Ҳż
ݺ˵ȹҪ
һʼ԰ĻӶûλΪĿֻ꣬ʵĿ̤꣬ݺң뾳Ǹ߾
գĻǰ۵Ľ㡣
˵İգ˵ĲũҲᵽ
ǰûпĻӾȻô
ǰǰֶЩӰˡ
˵ԺٸսܶҽݣֻҪǮܿҪģɾ̫ˡ
λũʱȻ˸һˮ
˰ɣ飬͵ˣǻΪԺ󿴲ô˰
ˣʲô˼
ЩˣҲ̫ƭˣÿһλʱ򣬻һ˵ıȳĺλ֮мֳܶŵģ
ǾͿŰɣĸº󣬱˵ˣʩӶУЩؤҲᱻݵĵطϳȥ飬ֲǵһηˡ
ңĻʲôˣǲ֪ǰΪղ䱦ǿǿȡᣬֳ˲˱ļ
СӼŮӣǵ˼ɷ棬ǶԷ޺˫˫Ծ飬ҲĻȨѹȥ
ĻҪǵʵˣǵĺӹ
ʲô
д£
ļٵģ
ܶնǵһ˵Щ飬֮󣬲ʱȷķԷһֱ֤ʵҲûˡ
£Ļһֱ飬˻ὫЩϵϡ
ѡʳĵûע⵽ǵۣŵȴĺ
⵱ȻһѰۡ
ǳԣڱۡ
Ҳò£֪Ļ֮˵ݡ
ǱȻλеһλֻ߶λ
ĻЩӶͷλ˵ܲǱȻҪȡֶηġ
ŵҲû취жϣǵĨڶ׫Ǿʵ
һֱ򽻵ģ
ƷŵùĻʲôˡ
˻صʱŵСԺ֮Уüͷ
˽˷ŵߵߣʵôˣ
֪վ˵һЩڻֵĲԣӦλַųġ
ŵҸղź˵ʱҲˡ
飬֪ⲻ֪δ
βܣ϶ǲеġ
Ҫ壬ƺҲûз
һŪɳ׾ԽԽڡ
ҥԣŵȻн취
ʱǲ֤ġ
ֻ֤Լʲô֤Լûʲô
ҥҲҥλӵҥȫһ飬׽ˮ룬˭Ҳռˣ˭ҲԿ
ȡ
֮ǰŪһ顣
֪⣬ʵЩ飬ĶĻ𣿡
֪˵ͷ˵
ֻ˵һ֣ȻǸʱСĸסڹʱֺΪʲô飬ĸá
δƶĸŵ룬˵ȥʻ֡
ʢ
һ֮Уʢŭ
ʲô
Ǻôĵӣ
ȥ̲ʹ£Щҥ֮ˣץ
һӰ߽Ŀȥʵãôˣ
֪һЩԻֲĴԡ
ĻӺ˵һ˳Ǭģ治ǱĶֻ֣ڱʹЩУģѾȥˡ
֪ʵô
Ļӵ˭ٸ˵ͽץ̲ʹ£
֪ҡͷˣ⣬ʵ䷴
Ļӣʵ֣Щ飬û𣿡
Ļҡҡͷ˵ȻѵŻ𣿡
֪⿴˿˵Ȼȥˣֲļ飬һ취ġ
Ŀ뿪֮ĻӲųԸһλǼתƵĵط⣬˾ǣ˵˱£š
뿪֮ɫڣ˵ģ֪ʱͲˣ
֪Щ飬Ϊλ谭Ͳˡ
ʱֲܸʳ谮ΪⱲҲǵһɢүµȻù˼ɡ
˭뵽гһգҲλʱ
аûʱȻһ
Ļɫһ䣬߳֪վ⣬һŵĿ⿴
촽˶С֪⣬ôûлȥ
֪ԼʧĿ૵ԭЩҥԡ
һЩС¶ѣ֪õԸûиû뵽֪ˡ
Ļε֪⣬ںæͲҪˣȻȥɡ
֪ʧǵ뿪ʢ
֪Լô߻عģһֱ֪ûʲôܣȴ֪Ȼд˵ȶӵо
һζԹʦĻɡ
ĺңظ֮ûмŵǻصԼķС
ƿŵһ̣һ洵Ķߴһ졣
ƺʲô˵ϡ
ǰһŷ⡣
̧ͷ˿ִǴӺϵġ
ĺϣôһţ
ŷ⣬ûκ
ŷ⣬һȥ㲻΢΢һ
ǹʦ֣ҲϤ
ʦҲ˵ţǰġ
ΪʲôǸʱ򲻸
ŵݡ
ֻм̵֡
ʢ޵¡
¿ȡ֮


332 ֪ľ
Թ

֮˹ؼʱ̣ռƣңңȵĻӣ⼸շת䡣
֮ǰһЩΪǿǿѹգ˽˷ȣǣ
Ļӵһ޴Ĵ
ЩܴӰ죬˼ۿۡ
ܿ죬λӵĴԣҲʼо
Ӻ¶ıʿŲ岻Ĺϵз֮ɷ
ֱϲޣڶԱӣȾЩԱڹ
˵̰˹⼸ʮãԱ֧Ĵ󲿷ֹԱӡ
Щԣڶ̶̼֮ڣʹǷꡣ
ǾٳٶۣҲʶӦǼλΪλֽڮ١
˵֮ǰĻӵĴԣҲδ档
ʱκδԣš
ĳ֮С

ޣ
ʲôʱ̰˹ôӣ
˵ǵĴԣλŭɶ
ʢЩϢȷ˷ųȥġ
ǰ˴δҲЩֶԸ
Щӣʢͷʵ̫ʢǲòô
ǱǣǵĴԣǿѨ磬޻̸֮ʢЩ飬ɶġ
˭ҲûϵȻһС
ˮ׽֮ټ٣ټ棬ձ޷ֱˡ
̲ʹ£ֶʢƹܣԼԼǲܵ顣
¶ʢĿɣԼһɧƫƫû취Ȼͣеıƣһʱ޷ݡ
ʢ
·תΪλӵǰܣĻΪ泩
ŵڵһӰЦ˵Ķлˡ
Ӱ˱ȭ˵²ؿΪıʿΪ³ıߣ·֮¡
ĻӾƱ˵ôҪлΪΧⱭƣ㡣
˳ǰ鹥ȷͷһ
ܿıʿײߣ׵İƽ̬
ЩıʿǶüʹ档
֮ǰռƵʱ򣬸ûԸ
ЩӣЩҪͶıʿſͣҪż̤ˡ
ʢͣߣǸſͺıʿǰʽȣʢѾΪĴֵһ
˸ɢȥ
ͶʢſֻͣҪ֤Լļֵʢưãǽˡ
ʢߣֱӾס
գıʿУͷģ
ʢ²סղص䱦ʹ͸Ľ
ʢڣһĵСԺ
߽СԺ֮ڣԺţ߻ط֮ǰһʵˣ
˴ӵ˵ȴӡ
£˵ƣʱѾסˣͿλӣһʲôС
˵꣬ҡҡͷԹλУʢһ֪Ϊʲôƫƫѡ
ʼ磬˵⣬ңȥŵֻ֪״Ԫ˶ѡ϶дʵҲ֤ѡ˭˭Ӯʢڶ̶ڣӵнյ͵λȫ
ϣ˫Ժ˵ڴĺԣһͿأԹѡҵҪô䣿


ŵ˻Щɻ˵ôûп
ŵҲûмˡ
ǰ죬˵ҪȥĻȷЩҥԣ֮ŵûټ
ղź˵ʱһЩ飬Ӻϲʲôģ˵ɷ£Ǿǵһ
ԣǰоЩۣʢҲҵ˷֮
ŵæڱ飬ҪдҽֲᣬҪЩɸ
Ǳߣ˵кܶҽңԸҽѧԺЩٹ׳һЩŵҩϣŵֲһǵ֣ŵʱûüǡ
죬æûע⵽
극֮ŵժΧȹ˲֣˹
ŵţã֪Ŵ洫
ɡ
ŵ߽䣬ǰ֪˵Һ˸ո˷ҪҪȥԵ㣿
֪Ŀҡͷ˵ǳ԰ɣûθڡ
ŵ߹£ʵôˣ
֪ĬƬ̧̣ͷ˵˵ģЩ飬Ҷš
ŵʵ㲻ٰ˰ɣ
֪޷ҵġ
ڵ֪Щ֮󣬿²ٰˡ
ŵûֱӻش𣬷ʵϣҼ𣿡
֪ҡҡͷ˵Ѿ֪ĻˣͲ֪Ļ֣޷ҵģҲΪ㣬Ǹǧȴû뵽Ľ
ŵһ
Թ£ջѾˡ
ҽҺţҪǣ˶չͬˣʲôġ
˵ǵûӦһ˳ʹҲⲻˡ
ŵ΢΢һЦο㲻õǸһԹջѾԶԶԤˣ˶ġ
ȷЩ֮ŵȻȥʢ
԰ʢǻΪĿ꣬ķΪ᲻ˡ
˿̳޷Ǿû취ݺңҲû취ƾѡ
Ǳô࣬ﲻ̫
֪ĬƬ̣ŵʵǽʲô𣿡
ȻԹѾûʲô壬ǵȻҪջؼˡ
ֿ£֪ǡ
˵˺Ͱˣˣε˺üΡ
ŵҲû˵Ӧúܿͻشˡ
˵ʹʱ꣬׿϶а취ǰȥ
Ҫˣ
֪ΪΣ仰֪Īһ
һǾûлټˡ
ŵģ֮ǰһǱֲдõģԺҽѧԺͽˡ
֪Ŀиֳһ˿Ȼ
ڣҽƸĸмеĿܡ
ˣЩҽңɲӡ
οѾڴЩˣԺ󲻹λ⼸λλ¶ŹôһǮ
͢ҪǮĵطкܶ࣬Ϊ˰գҽңԲǿǵķΧ֮ڡ
ԭΪǻλΪԹЩ顣
ڿⲻѡ
һ̣ٴ˹ʦǷš
ȡ֮
֮ǰδһֿܡ
ʦӴĽһʼͲΪ˻֣ΪԼ
ǶԻֳ׵ıѡ
ǰѡ
һס
һԹİա
ѡ죬ʼ޷
һ̣֪ҪߵϢеƽȴĳһб
˼ãȻ̧ͷŵʵأ
Ȼѣ֮䣬ҲһЩõԭ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ҲٰĻκˡ
֪ǰ֣ǰҡ
ŵĿһʱ֪Ǻ⡣
֪ӭߣ˵Ҷûλ֮ǰԼȻЧԺݲ㣬ʱԹ֮λԶΪš


333 Ůʼƻ
㡪ûλ
ŵȵĿ֪⣬ıڿЦ
Ůӵʵۣڴģֻߴ½ңǲܷ顣
ΨԹôһ˿ܡ
ϾǰйŮġ
ԹŮӵĵλͣĳУŮռһԺҲ൱Ůѧ
֪Ѿ˾ҲļᶨĿԶ˵ֻǸλã飬ܹʵ֡
Ļ£֮УӿֳһŵϤϢ
Ϣĳ֣ڵһ
Ȼ֮
ŵ𼸷塣
Ϊһһλӵǻһӵٻ
ȴѡһӼѵ·
Ȼ֮ĳ֣˵λӲͬУԹյġ
ڴдһ˿ŵ˱ȭ΢Ц˵ԸΪЧ͡


źһӣԺڵʯϣ˵ЩЩҽ׳Ķص䣬㿴ûʲôõõĵطǱҪûУֻǱҽǵ֡
Զʮҽң۰Ͱ͵Ŀŵ
Щطʵ᲻þġ
ʵۺ졣
ﾰͽ飬Լˣ
ƾʲô¶ǵģ컨߶ˣΪǣעҽʷŨīزʵһʣ˭ܲĽ
Ҫ֪һ֮ǰ˻ء
ҽĽȻһֵø˵顣
ۿŲԼˣһǸϳôܲ˸еˣ
ŵһЩصҽѧ伮
ҽѧվȽŸÿһҶ֮
Щ伮רҵ̫ǿŵдҽֲĳԡ
ǵЩطҪ߾ҽҪרҵַͨû취Ч£ͬǸ߾ҽңҪʱѵա
ŵĳԣǱһͨҲܿõõҽֲᡣ
Աд汾
һ汾ҪͨҲܿ
һ汾ṩרҵҽҡ
ҽѧһֻпźͷƶѧƵͽ
ŵû̻ش𣬶˼ָʶû档
ԶʮҽңһҲĶϰ¡
֪˶ãŵڵ˵ͷ˵ҵ⣬յˣǵһúÿǡ
ŵûֱӴӦЩҽ뿪ʱһԾŵġ
ܿ죬Ǿ͵õһϢ
㿪һҽݣ
ĳͣҽ˵ߣһλȱǮģ
ȱΪǧŵĻᡣ
ԣǶǵĿ顣
㶼ЩҲͰ׻ˡ
һʱ䣬ҽݱҶǵϵҽҡ
ΪΪĻᣬ˴ҽ档
ϷóƸ֮
ϷС֢
ϷӲ٣ĵãû˱ȵùϷ򡭡
ޣϷǰҳ˿ԣ
ô㲻ȱȣ
һλľҽң̫ҽԺְˣڵһЩҽݣҲֻһλľҽҡ
λľҽңһλõΣܶһӶ

˳
˳ҪѰλ£ʱĿһƲüЩŶӵĲأ
ѧŰȡһ֮ſڿĲ˾˾ųɣÿҲв٣ÿæʱ򣬵̯λǰؽĴ򣬾ȻһӰûС
һǰʣƬ̺߻˵ص£ҽݿţǸͣȥһҩǮеĲˣȥˡ

˳־ͷۡ
üͷʵʲôҽݣ
ҡҡͷ˵ģ¾Ͳ֪ˡ
Ƭ̺󣬰
˳ӰУȥ
ȻԼĹĳҽݣҩۼͣʮλóƸּĵľҽ
ݣ˵Ǹſڵ֮ˣ̫ҽԺȲϰ
ûǮ뵽Щˣ
һλҽжǿúܣĻǵ;ҽңѾҪˣô߾ҽңҹҲ벻
˵ҩļ۸񣬻ҪԶҽݡ
ôӡ
ŶҽҾġ
Щҽңӣ
⻹ô棿
˵λĵ״ԪɣӵһҽľҽҶҪݷ
ͨգӶóϿ·ǳ߲ͨˡ
ҲߣôǮĵ䵽ҹĵز
Ҫʢ֡
ȻʢԼ̫ࡣ
úλõʢжûκ۵㣬ôκϣûеġ


ƽﲢֵĹղʱаս
ҽֻǸһҲˣҲˣ·Ҳоˡ
ǿɲõģǽõľҽң˵ƽʱ˿ҪʮһҲ˵ϻ
ΪǰպãǿԼļҶĳҽˣλӶûĶࡣ
ҵЩҩָץġ
ƣ֪Ժ˭иȢ
˵ʢǰ᲻һ
ȷΪЩ£֮ǰͬٶ£Щ飬Ϊ˶գ˿ġ
˵˭ÿһƣ
ڼλλ֮ǰ;ʩȼˣÿ궬죬ڳ⽨ӻؤԩţԩ˶ܹĶݡ
ͼλȣɸ⡣
ϧȴŮԹѾܾûгֹŮˡ
СԺ֮ڡ

вˣջŵס
ҽѧԺȻѾｨɹˣҪ츣գҪꡣ
λֱӿչտõֱ棬ͼӰķ
ȻŸΪԶļƻҲü¡
ȥ޻߹أҪһӣûбҪǮǬཫ˳ȥֻһԺ˾סԼᵽŵ
λɱȰʢѡ
λӣԹʵնļ̳ߡ
ûλʸ
ʵϣԹĹأκһλĻӻ߹ʸ̳лλ
ֻɻʵյļӣڳϣӵһȨܹ˳ĽԱͶ˸û취ᡣ
һЩԸ볯߶ԼӶĳҲѡѡԱԼ̬ȡ
ʹĲͬԹĻʵۣһӾģƷϵĳѡ
ȻҲѡǵѡ񣬽ڻʵ۵ĳŮ
ڳѡˣԹʵ۶ǳϵġ
κһλƫһѡ֮ǰ¼λӣҲ˳ӵԸЩѡȷ
Ҫλͱõ㹻ĹԱ֧֡
ЩǷѾ˼Ϊ£ʵΪ˰գ˵õ֧֡
ÿһλӣԼĳ
ЩأȻͶǡ
ĳ̫࣬Ϊ˱֮վӣͶƱģû֪ǾͶ˭
λΪյĿģŵ֮ǰΪĻ飬ʵûġ
ֺðգڰеֻпӰ쵽ѡ񣬵֮䣬ûбȻϵ
ЧķȻֱǡ
վǶȣʢʵһֱѡ
Щ뻯ˡ
ǰʢʱΪҵԤԣŵ˳Ȼ
Ŀ껻͵ñ֤һʧˡ
ҽ˵۽ҽѧԺκ˶ٰգ̫ҽԺԱ֧֡
Թҽҵʥأ͢ΪҽңԹ̫ҽԺĵλҲȴ̫ҽԺߡ
ڴģ̫ҽԺ̫¹Ͻ̫ҽƷĹٽס
Թ̫ҽԺǶţ̫ҽʵʵƷԱʸ볯д£λ̫ҽةҲƷĹٽס
Ҳ˵ѡ֮ʱ̫ҽԺƱ
Ʊŵȡġ
ЩӣŵʶҽҲ٣ȴû̫ҽԺˡ
⵹Ҳ⣬һģ֮ǰִʢЩ̫ҽҽңǳǲ³ġ
֣ڳְ͢ȻҲɡ
Թŵ߳Ժӡ
ڹǼλˣŵеһԡ
Ƭ̺ŵ̫ҽ
ŵʵʶ𣿡
Ȼʶ̫ҽϷʦ֣ģϷҲᣬʲô
û뵽̫ҽȻһϵҶˡ
ҽŵûкɵġ
ϧûѡƱ
ŵЩ̸ɷһ£
ûϸʣ˵ͷ˵ðɡ
Թ̫ҽԺҲˣŵһ뿪
ȥ̫ҽĸϣŵ֪̫ҽҩȵˣλ̫ҽةҲҩȡ
ΪΨһӵе徳ҽҩȶڳ͢ҲһӰ졣
̫ҽԺƿء
ʻһ̶ӣһĸۡǰͣ¡
̫ҽĹְȻȻ͵ö࣬ĸۡȴҪɣΪҽңǲȱǮġ
̫ҽϵŷȻʶġ
˴һңʱһӰ߽
ͷںڣ壬ϵƤ⻬ϸ壬ʮͷӡ
ʵϣ̫ҽͣҪ
ֻפգЩ飬·Ͼ͸ŵˡ
ո߽䣬Ŀ⣬εﾰ
¶ЦݣԼϵϢ
˺ʵʲô
ЦЦ˵δݷһʦ֣ѵ𣿡
ݷã
Цһ˵ݷǼ٣ҫɣ֪ʲôõģ컨ֲı£㻹ҫˡ
ʦڵ֮УΪߣλҲߡ
ҩȣǴӡ
ڳ̫͢ҽ
ʦ̫ҽԺȥȻܳΪ컨Ĺҽʷ֣Ｋƽ⡣
ȻԼҫΪ͸ˡ
ĿһɨﾰԵˡ
һвһ
֮䣬нӽҽΪҽʲôʱôһλῡܣ
УΪʲôﾰһ
ѵﾰյĵӣ
ҫΪҫӣ
ﾰʲôʸŵӣˣ
ŵ̫ҽ˱ȭ˵ŵ̫ҽ
üһԭ
Թҽҽ췭ظˣ˵컨֮⣬ڱдһҽ飬߿ԣҽ
һλˡ
ֻĻһԼ̫ҽ̫ʺӴһֱûж
û뵽վȻԼˡ
ٱ˱ȭ˵ԭ򣬾ˡ
ʵΪҫΪģ
ҡҡͷ˵ʵ㡭
̫ҽŵƺʲôŵڣ˵ҽĹףΪҽңҲ壬ٺܸʶῡܡ
һתֵ̽ҽģٻӭΪҽѧԺ飬ñ֧ʢ⿪ڣ̫ҽԺ뵳Ҳ֧κһλӡ
ͬǵľҽңͬǳҩȣڳ͢ĳ̫ҽкܴ
ŵҲб
ų̫ҽЦ˵ȷʵ̽ҽģ컨űǶ԰ΣߣǣѾҵһֺܺõİ취Ԥ컨գűһµķ֣̫ҽ̽һ
̫ҽѿڵ棡
컨űÿγ֣ȻΪߡ
һ˵޵ģƴҲֻܾˡ
űҲ컨һ߾ҽҳ־ҽһ
ںŵֵ̽ĹУڶԷҽ֮ʵﾰҲԶԶ磬߲һЩ⣬Ϊ̫ҽҲǵһ˵
˴ɫ죬ļͣѾõΪɶʱŵȻȻֹ
ŵ˿ɫ̫ҽ˹֣˵´ˣʱ磬ȻؼˣǸġ
ŵﾰȥıӰɫͣɫɺתףɰת졭

ʢ
ʢոյ֪ĳҽݵ顣
ͬһľȣɻô飬ôҲͱ
ԭӶڻŴ£еʱ˴롣
ΪˣȻҲͳ˲ӣΪտ׳ȴġ
֪Ϊһˣʵǲ˼ٹ
ֻǣվŮӣ̫֮ˡ
ЩӣڳϣΪƱ֧֡
һԺ䡣
ӵϣ¶֮ɫ૵԰
֮ʵʲôԣ
Ŀ΢˵飬ܾ͸ŵŹ֡
һ˵ʲôֱ˵ɡ
°ϵĺ룬˵㲻˽ĶӣҪʢĻΪʲôЩ齻ʢǽǶһ٣
˵ǴĵʹȻԹλ˷ɡ
ҡͷ·ĻһʼͲôһֱ±Ŀġ
˶֮Աǣ˵ʲôĿģЩ飬Ϊ˰ʢѵΪ˰λӣ
ӳĬƬ̣ȻʵǸʲôˣ
룬˵ʢһĸͬã£ͳУһ
ʵô
˵ҼΣ˵ǣҲһλɶõˡ
ǻʲôɫ΢΢һ䣬ѿڵˡ


334 Ӧϡ
ʢڣ˿λʦǿԮ̲סʵʲôˣ
ָ֮ĿһֱﲻԾ
˽ʢ
˽ŵ
ԹλУʢֵġ
ֻҲˣƷӣŵʲôˣҵľǿߣΪ飬˵ûλ
⣬ûͨ
ڣһжȻʡ
ԭǹؼ
ˡ

ĻͶ˵ͨˡ
ŵˣڴģ˾֪
Сڣλˣȫ븮С
ҴţǴĹĻҪһλŮʣҲûпܡ
ƽ޹ʣĻλܵͼʲô
ǰ֪ͼʲô֪ˡ
ָ֮ĽͣȻãŵ˵֧ĻӣʵҪλ
ָ֮˵ͷ
κһңҪֹλǲܵġ
ΨԹʵ֣ϣܴ
ʵô죬תͶĻ͵ڰˣⱻϳ
ָ̧֣֮˵Ǽʢ


ԭȵĹѾױҽݡ
Ϊҽʦ̫࣬ҪŰֻ
ЩҽôϣԼⲻǾǮǳ˵ģǱĸ߷ڣŵ˸ͼı
ͼΪҽʷ
ŵͼҲڰе
Ȼģʽܳãŵǳá
ЩľĴҽȥͨͷ۸ðǴСã£û뾳ĴҲܴЩ֢
ȺǽϵùϵպڵطƶҽƸĸҪǵ֧֡
ԹҽԴǱЩ¢ϵģҩĵֲؼԼۣҽһ˲ŵĴȣڵطϽҽѧԺⲻ˺Ǵ򽻵
Щ˶뷨ҲǺֵ֧ġ
ҽѧԺԵģҪͨգͨգǵҪͻ֮䣬ʵûֱӵ֮
֮ǰŵٴμ˳̫ҽ
ӵģտȴЩ㲣͸ƣ
ƣϵƣϵġ
һҹû˯Ҳ˼ȫޣһֱڻعպŵĶԻ
ҽǳٴʵġ
ʵȫ档
ҽһÿ˵ƫöͬҽÿһƶϤһ㣬˵ǳԼǵ徳ʦ
⻹Ҫġ
صǣһЩµҽǳǰûġ
ʲôϸϸ΢ߡ
һľ۷ҽңԹ̫ҽ֮ףǰǳѧһʲôʲôʡ
Ǳ˸ЩһΪԷں˵˵
һ컨ˣһҽʵˣں죬пܣδҽѧ
˵Ȼһʼ˵ҵű֮ȴһֱû˵ôΡ
һҹ
һ졣
Ļϣ϶Ҳ˯ŵġ
ƣ۵Ŀŵ˵ϷӮˣҪĲϷƱϷ㻹УٺϷˡ
Ϊ̫ҽִ˹ؼʱڵ㣬֪ܲŵ⣿
Ҳǵһŵˡ
ڰ֮ǰλӾ˵Űݷù͹ˣŶиҩģΪеһѡƱ
ֻʱ˭ûдӦ
̫ҽѾҽڳеļ£λӵѡ٣ûҪѡվ
ң͵ĶҲûʲôȤ
Σǳ׵ıˡ
űĹͰĸҽߵֵסջ
ⲻΪıǣܸǴϵҫԼ
󲿷ֹԱʽѡ֮ǰġ
ֻҪܸ㹻棬ûоԵ
ٶ˭ӣʵǺ⡣
ԼΪԼ
ĸܸЩһƱֺη
ŵ㲵̫ҽæ´˵ﻰҪӡ
ٰ˰֣˵ϷͲȦˣϷеƱʱ򣬿ͶĻӡ
ŵ΢Цҡҡͷ˵ҲԹˣԹλӵûйϵ
΢΢һ㶣ҪԼѡĻӣ
ĻƺκһλӶ֧֡
ﾰȥļʲôܲǹǲİɣ
û˻ĵ̶ֳȡ
ʱһӰӳ˳
֪ϵΧȹ££ǰķ˿ŵϴϴ֣Էˡ
̫ҽͷһۣתͷʸ
ܿ죬ıһ㶣ٴתͷ
ϵΧȹվڳſڵʱı˼
֪˶ãٴλͷŵ˵Ϸˡ
ŵָ˵Ҫ󣬵һǱҽ飬ϷҲҪ룬ڶűʱϷһ𡭡
Ҫ󣬶ŵ˵Ҳ򵥲
ֲд̫֮ҽһ飬һĴ֣ܸһ롣
ĵڶҪ󣬾֮ǰŵṩָȥʩУŵ޵ĲҽңҲںͷָһ㡣
Գ̫ҽƣ˵ɽ
صĻһƣ̫ҽͷһۣ˵ǾϷǣͷ˳Էˡ
ŵȥ
о죬ԭ˵ķˣȻ
벻ȻѾ˽ѹô
δԼһƱҲܺλġ
̫ҽ߳СԺŹ˴ӳ̽ͷûˣת˳
ڶһ磬ŵ𴲵ʱ˻ûѡ
ŵҲװ֪װ˯չһ簲Ǻ߳䡣
ڴϵˣȻû۾ȴֳһǳǳЦ⡣
һŵ߳
ǻҪҪ
ԹԱգ֮ǰʹӦ飬ҪȥԷ
棬ߵԺӭӣǶ֪һȻſŵŵĶ˵ֵܣǸʲôôˡ
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵ŴᣬⲻʲôصĶҲǸģǸϷ˲ҩģÿգڰ󣬶̲Ч
˵Ǹĸ׵ģϹֵı̾ʧˣһЦݣ˵ֵˣˡ
ŵ˳ʵϷ˵ˣ
˵ۿһһˣԼֿһƬ԰ٰһæ۵̧˼Ǭıȱٻ࣬ȴûһ
Ŵӹ̫ǹٷæҲҪʵ塣
ŵһ䣬ֵҽ룬ǸϷ˵ģ˳ҲһȻܸʣۻͼӰġ
ЦúúãԺҪиͷȵģ̫ҽֱֵˡ
ŵЦʱӭ
Ÿ˳Է֮⣬ŵ˺ܶ顣
ﻧˡ
Ϸ˵塣
⣬˻һһʱϰһ£ͼӰЧ
һŵҽЩ͸֧
͸֧;˫͸֧ڶ壬ҲЩԲ
߳ŸʱĽ²һҺ֪⼰ʱס
һ̣ŵᵽЩȸβ̫ҽʲôĸܡ
ҲѹҽҸβҪ۸Ȼ͡
˿̣Ÿ֮ڣϷ˻壬Ц˵СҽҽǾЩҽҲ˶١
һѾʹȴ΢΢̾˿
ϷҶΪ̾
ֵܺΪʢֻûпڰˣϧѡλУΨʢʺϻλλҲǰ߸ӡ
Ϸ˵Ҵ£һ˼ңӦ˵ʲôȻ°ôҪλý㣬ӦΪ¸Ϊո𣬲ӦΪ˵ĶԹӰ쵽غµľϡ
ĸ׽̵ǣҲѸ˼ҹߣ˼ôˣʥʵҲǸ˼ңĹ֪ǹپŮ飬еĻӶף
˵˵ţҲԽԽ͡
ŵո뿪ſڵķ򣬺Ȼ˼
ϡ
֪⿴ſڳϣɫ԰׵ŵвɾۣˡ
ŵЦЦ˵ûʲôġ
ԹĵλԶڴ֮ϣζҪȡġ
ص֮ŵָЩûϢҵ򣬴ȥݷλ̫ҽة
֪ץ˵㻹ڼϢɣȥҲ١
ŵҡҡͷ˵컹飬İɣûµġ
뿪֪һ˻صСԺ
֪ʯԣȻʵιôʶģ
˵飬Ǭ𽣣£΢΢°ͣ˵Ǹճʶˣһʱǻ˻Լ
Ϊʲô޸㣿

飬˵Уٴӿίߣҧ飬˵

Ƹ
һ߽УѾ֪ڼθλĿ˺Լʦˡ
УŨŨ𾪡
λˣͻСȴܺΪ̫ҽةʦһʱҽҽҵľʦҪʱʱ⡣
Īһλפҽǰɣ
һӺ˲źʦ뿪
߽У׼ʰߣȴʦһվһ£ץģϵıǾ
һ̣ͼʦ˳ȥܿʹļ


ʢ
֮ǰȥ̫ҽУ̫ҽȥ˹һ磬ȥ˻鸮ϣȥλ̫ҽةǵļд˺ܾá
֮˵Ļ㱨ʢ¶һ˿΢Ц
̫ҽԺƱҲȡ
˸ո󣬱˾ѾͿˡ
ŵǵĸͣôã̫ҽȥѰٽҽҵĹϵпܰȡ̫ҽԺλԱ֧֡
飬֧ߡ
˵֪⣬ǻĸ׵ľˡ
ǳТӣôĶ飬Ȼñ
ϴΣ׵ľ͸ԼѾ˵ˡ
ʱ֧ĿԺܴ
ټʮλԱʹӮ㡣
ʢ˿
ˣ򸴺󰡡
ʱ֮һ顣
˳֮ˣµļλԱ֤ȷ䣬̲ʹ¶Ѿ˴˰
ʢüͷ飬ѡ
̲ʹ£ִơ
ǰɣܻᱻ˵ӡ
ǣʧԼ⼸Ǯ£ģ϶ѡƱ
һˣʵأ
ӵ֮ӦɴǣλӸµ壬ѡ˰ӣǾͻὫìͷת£ǵļƵóѡ
ʢüͷ˵̲ʹ¶ڱУһϣǿԵģǣֱ֧ĹԱģ
飬ͨġ
ӿɲǻ£౻鼸䣬УԼô
ҪǴԼˣװʧѡƱЩĹԱֻô˭ԸͶˣ
ʱֵ·ģЩԱ͵ѾһϣΣı⣬´˾٣ÿԷ֮ǰڵµҥԣӮģߵ£ˣԻЩʷ֧֣С󡭡
ϣʢ˵Ĳԡ
ЩԼˣЩʷҲδ֧
Ҫһ㱺ԽԽ˵еĵ˵ͷ˵˵öԡ


335 绢
ʹ
糯£½Ƿѣûг糯ϣʢΪ֡
ʢգνͷ޶
ǰλӼľƣ㶦
ʱʢһ㶼㲻ϣǱ˺ԵĴڡ
ʱ£ҪλֶԸ
յ糯֮ϣɴȷѣӺ̸мλԱ״
⼸λԱʢӵߣڳвܡ
ʢǿԲµģΪ̲ʹµ顣
Ϊ֮ǰϳڵı֣̲ʹ£ڶִƣû취ֳĬ
ǱΪʢţºŪȥ
û뵽Ȼôϲ˰á
ɲԸ
ִףϢȥ֮ʢڰеȻˡ
֮ǰЩҲСࡣ
ʢӵ˵ɲʲô¡
̲ʹʢƿصģԼˣͨǣ
Ϊʢ˶£˶Ǯ˭ûһѱʢʢܷЩˣպҪʱҲܷǣ
ԭѾЩƫʢĹԱҲʼġ
Լ˶ӣֵֵЧңдȶ
ô룬Ӵ˵ʢһⶼûУ˶óһִʵ˰ٹӦѧϰĿģ
Ϊ֤ȷ䣬ڶյ糯ϣǼλԱͱ¶ﴦá
Űٹǵ֮̾ʢƳλһۣ°ͣȥ
λĿӣӶԷ￴⡣
ԭֻͨ£һʢͷ
ΪЩ飬ڰռ̫ˣĿôȥѡ˰ӣôƱػӰ쵽
϶ʢһӡ
û뵽ȻĴЩˡ
Ȼס˿ŵȴʧʵʵֺ֧ѡƱ⵽ĸıʿ⣬ʢıʿûһ
ʢڡ
ڵĴԼˣſͺıʿһʼҲǼġ
֪λ¹ʲôԻҩõ¶Ļƴӣڵʢֺһ˵㡣
һЩıʿȥ˵
һ֮ȫ˵
ʢѾǺʵĵһıʿſıʿǣҲΨհ

ʢһǰìܵĲŵʵҲ벻ͨ
Ҳûȥʢ
ʱ䣬ֻ¡
ĿǰΪֹֻ㶨̫ҽԺѡƱ
̫ҽλ̫ҽةѾҽҵֶΣԴȡһЩЧɷ֣֮⣬ŵָҽֲλ롣
̫ҽԺ֮⣬ʡ£ټһЩĲţͶƱȨĹԱнλ
λԱȻȫȡҲȫȡ
ҲΪȡʮϵѡƱʤ˵İա
УʡʮƱ
ÿһаƱܼʮƱ
¸ƱʮƱ
ʣµļʮƱɢʷ̨̫ҽԺԼܸطٵС
ЩطϵѡƱֱӷ
һʱ̫̣ûʱȥӪλЩطӪãЩطǵƱ֣ǷҲδ䵽ʲôá
볯͢ĹԱΪӽǰλû̫Ĳռ䣬ԱӶࡣ
ŵһĿ꣬ѡʷ̨
̫ҽԺʷ̨ΪҪ
һλʷλʷةλʷѡƱֻһƱ
ʢδףҲõʷ̨֧֡
ҪԹʷ̨٣ȻӲҪһʹһġ
뻳ɣʷ̨ԱһһһΪ
ŵ˵ʲôʲôֻĺȻ֮¶Ǿʲôˡ
֮ŵ֪һš
ʷոջظ¹ۣһ
԰׵ü˼Ƭ֮󣬻ǵùɡ
еʱ̣λӵˣǽ
Ϊһ׮׮һ飬
λӣһ룬ҲֱڶûãһƱҪͶ˭
ĻӣҲøһӡ
Ƭ֮Ӱ߽⴦Ժ䡣
ߵĿ⣬һ˵ɨ֪⹰˹֣˵
֪΢Ц򲻱ض񡣡
߽䣬˷Ȳ衣
ʷżɽʵ֪٣Ϊ£
֪⿴Ҳû˵ˣΪеѡƱ
ʷֱԵ¼ȻˣϷлֱ˵λУ۲ܺƷʢһϷеһƱͶκˣͶʢ
˵꣬豭һڣȻͿ͵˼ˡ
ʱ֪ҡҡͷ˵ˣһƱΪġ
ʷĿ¶ɻʵǸ
֪ƽᶨ˵ҡ
£һϢӿֶ
ȿȿȣ
ܵϢʷһûɴ˫ۣĿ𾪵Ŀ֪⡣
Ȼ֮ȻҲϤˡ
𾪵ǣȻкȻ֮
˵⼸λӣֻΪ˻ðյ֧֣ʵϷĻա
ĶƭˣȻ֮˼١
˳˸ղǿ֮ʶʲô
һֱҶǷڻȨġ
ûгΪȨ
һλӵкȻ֮Ļʵۣǰ֮֮ҲǳΪģӵкȻ֮ҹԱ֮
һ뵽ˣЩƲסǧȴҲֻǴЦúúãð

ʢ
ʢոյõ˻㱨һ֮ڣʷĸϣŵݷʷ̨λԱǵĸͣá
ڼλ˵ʷ̨ѿµĹͷ
ĹԱһȻ֮Ϊ˸գǽǮ򣬶вͨġ
°ѵǵԴϣҲδػѡǡ
Щӣʢڣλÿ£ڰе⣬Ҳоȡʷ̨ԱĿġ
֮ǰǵˣʷĸŶȥ
һΣĪΪԼǼԱԵʣ
뵽ķڷҺñĻûһС
ʱѡ˰ӣ֪½ʷļš
ʢϣ۾·ѾΡ
״Ԫ绢γ²ɣ


336 ˣ
峿
ŵĿĵڽϡ
ݷùλʷ֮ѾȷѡƱﵽʮš
̫ҽԺţŵźòµġ
ʷ̨ţΪԼ
Ȼ֮һЩʷͱԼˣһĻ
ֻʮƱԶԶĲ
ŵˣԹ̶£ʶĹԱ̸࣬ϡ
ΨһϹϵõģҲǻ顣
ƽֵܣϣֵܵҲδͳһ
֮ΪѡƱͶ˭ĿɳҲʲô¡
֮飬Զ֮
ôأ
ֲˣҲҽңȲΪ޸Ĺ಻ֱΪʵǲÿ
ʱȽԺ·ͷȺۼ֮ŵĽŲжݵͣ
ѡ֮գֻʣ¡
ͷβ۴¡
յ֧֣ȻԴѡĽ𲻵ԵãҲӰһֵԱ
Ҫһʱ䡣
Ҫ취ðע⵽γһĹģеĹԱȻҲע⵽
Ŀǰ̫ҽԺʷ̨û֪Ҫ˴εĻλ֮
һҲ뵽Ͷ
ڴģͺðˡ
ԽۣԹֻһˣޡ
ճţΪһ⡣
ĳ̯λǰλڳ͵Ŀˣ̸λӡ
Ǿãλӣ˭Ӯ
Ҳ°֮ǰο޹Ĳܡ
Ҳ˳˳ǴӣڼλҲ
ҲĻӣô飬ôҶ
ʲôЩĻʲôϵߵģֻеĹƸĻӡ
ĻһãҪȻôܶùλӣ
ŵһ̯λĲǣ۹¡
Ůӣһ㶼ӡ
ΪʲôܲλᰡҾãλ԰ղõġ
ŮӰ
ŮôˣŮӾͲʵˣʥʵ۲ҲŮ𣿡
ҹʥʵ۵֮ʡ

ŵվڽͷ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԭΪ۵Ļ⣬λ֮䣬û뵽ģȻ
ûеڱλ˼̫ҽԺλԱоűȥˣڹǼλʷܱ¶£ɷ磬ôģ
ŵһʮȷ鱳һڹۡ
Ƭ̺СԺ֮ڣ֪һãȻĿŵ˵Ҳ֪ġ
ŵ²Ҳ
һЩ飬᲻
Ҳû
Ļ֮ˣһǲٿ۵ĸ֣ҽƾһģı󣬱ȻһӴרҵ֯
˻˭ء
ʢ
һӰҴҵĳȥܵ·ȴ˽ס
ͣ½ŲǵӰ΢΢˵
ȻãѾΪıʿ֮ףʢǰһˣЩˣҲöġ
ӿʵʲô飬Żŵġ
˵⼸գһЩҥԣ˵ʢµȫĹͣӦȡʢλλЩ۴ķзҪȥʢ¡
ӳѵ޴
һ૵⡭
ӵôԵ䣬ҲλӵļƣҪĻӺĹϵʢˣѵ֪µԸһߵ´£¶Ĳɣ»
ԣϸ˼֮󣬾һ亹
ǰԵǶɲ¼ɵԸһ֪£ǲȫţбضҲһЩɡ
¼˭ܲ¼
ˣкʢнյ͵λȫ
÷Ŀλϣġ
ѣЩ´
Ĩ˰Ѷͷ亹̶֮ȭ˵лѣ
ӻ˻֣˵ȥˣ飬˭ǻ˴£Ψʣ
˲


ŵӹ֪ݹһż㣬ţʷġ
˵ѾʮһߺȻ֮ĹԱΪȡʮһѡƱ
һϢ
ȥʷ̨Ȼǵѡ
Ȼ֮ҹԱ֮ŦǱ˴֮以Σͬͬˡ
õʷ̨ѡƱ͵õҹԱѡƱ
ֻϧеҹԱȷе˵гȻ֮ҹԱࡣ
ڹٳϣһʵǺ¡
ʹǺԱȺ壬ݲɳӵԸҲóǾԶ֮
ֹԱһ㱻ʷ̨Ӽ࣬ĹݵţƳҪ
ǲԲڹؼλϣϼ¼ܡ
ֻҪƷ㹻ͬӵͶƱȨ
ЩԱʮһƱѾжʮһƱˣȻȲǼλӣѾ߱λĻ

ʢ
£ǵ̽ʷ⼸գݷʮһλԱЩԱߺȻ֮ҹԱ
ʢµĻ㱨ϵЦݣѾҪƲס
һңûйִѡġ
ףȻǶԵġ
ǵѡ˱ӻǣ϶ʧȥʷ̨֧֡
ʷ̨͵˳еҹԱ
ʧƱõʮƱô׬ġ
ĵλٴΰθߡ
ıʿ
ָ㣬ʮѡƱ֮ϣѾ׵ѹλ֣ȡһЩԱͿǰףˡ
̧ͷĿڸǲסϲ⡣
ˣ


337 Ͷ
ʱ£Թ𽥱
ǡƾټʼʱ򣬴󲿷ֲμӿƾٵѧӣѾִ˹
꣬ƾٲԹͷȴ¡
ʮ壬Ǵѡ֮ա
ʱ͢λУѡԹһλʵۡ
Թѧӣ֮Լͷμӿƾ٣нʿҫ֮⣬پƷӵӴѡͶƱȨҲ˵һ
۴½ΨԹĹԱӵȨ
ԭڴѡĻ⣬λϡ
֪ʲôʱ𣬷һЩ仯
֣ʼϵı
ȻǰҲΪĻӵĸӹ
գǴ̸ʱżһĻӡ
ΪҪĻӸʺԹĻʵۡ
ЩӣĻȻҲ˲ٹϸЩ飬ʵġ
ڴ֮ǰĻʮ˵µµΪ
ûʲôֵǿ϶ĹӼв١
ԹֲûйŮʣΪʲôƫҪλѡһ
۵ԭֻڰ֮
Ҳżۡ
λӣȻҲЩ
ȻϣģڳûκθƾնĿޣı䲻˴֡
Ϊ飬ʢ϶ǿɾ̫ˡ
λ뵽ЩʢſͺıʿȻҲ뵽
ʢŤתƣ춨֮λоųɵĹ͡
ʢһǻʱ۹ͣҲٻ
κ˶ƻʢĹϵʢԼҲС
Ϊıʿ˽ʢһʢ֪£пܻһЩҪ¶ˡ
ָʾ֮£ʢ˶ؿƿʢ㲻Ϣ


ŵ˼һӦôĸѰͻƣ
ܺ棬ŵ֮ǰ˵ģЩ¼۾ġϸǺ
Ҫרҵ豸ģŵæûʱִһ̨΢
ھͺˣīҵӣӦûϲΪ顣
ŵȻ̧ͷ
īң
ĿԵ֪⣬ʵûƷϵĹԱīҵģ
֪룬˵УĹԱīҵľӶࡣ
ŵĿһص鷿Ƭ̺һͼֽ߳˵ߣȥ
ʱʱ䣬ŵֱӴ֪
֮УƹؼˮؼľؼؼͨؼȨ䲻继ȴϢϢء
á
һλԱС߽÷Žż⣬ܿɢһصͼֽԷͼӵˣ棬Ҫˡ
̧ͷ૵
˼Ƭ̣߳ɢͼֽķϣȻ߳÷
ߵԺڣ֪Ⱨ˱ȭ˵¡
֪΢Ц鲻ض񡣡
֪¼ٹкҪ£
֪м飬빤īҴ󽳰æ
黹ΪΪĻƱģеͼֽ˺һŵ򵥣ԵƬ̣Ͼͺá
˵գͼֽ÷
ŵˣҲ߽÷
̤ĵһоңͼֽĶѷ÷ܵļϣ˻ŵɵʣīҵӵķ䣬һҡ
һ̨׵΢ǳ򵥡
ڰ˵ܻݳƷīҵĺܶ϶õҪ۾Ļ˺ͻޣʻмȫɲĻСˣֻǳ֮Ϊ
ļһңܿͷ͸
ŵָֻһ鲻ĲͱԲΡ
ĥƬ˵Ϊ򵥡
ָԲβϸŵҪ͹͸ˡ
˵˳ֵ飬ŵԼ֣֪Ҫöá
ֶΣŵҲ
вͬãīǿߣκιߣֻһ˫֣临ӵĻء
ʱĹϵһ̨΢͵ˡ
Ŀֵġء
ڸղţȻܵͣѾõΪԵ
ﵽкãȻôΪ
ŵ΢Թлλˡ
֪ҲԹ΢΢һЦ˵ܴˣǻ飬ȸˡ
ȥıӰ㶵վԭء
ʼգһĻӶûᡣ
治ΪԼеѡƱ
ǻûиǸֵĻأǸʲôġ
ΪʲôԼΪ᳤ôࣿ
ϣƬ̺վ÷Ųӡ
ǣæٸʲôɣһͶûоߣġ
а˼⣬÷ѰƬ̺̲סڵˣΡ
ʱûãһԱ߽ʵˣҪȥ
ȥϡ
һ·ߴٽη½֮ȿģһЩŶӵĲˡ
ո̤빫Ϳ˸ոλˡ
վʯԣλߣΧߡ
һλߣԼոǸǰ֪ʲôвסľ
д£
벻һˮУҲ˵İ󡣡
Ϸ˼ʮ꣬ǿˡ
ÿÿ㶼˺ܾˣϷˣ
Ϸٿһһ

߹ȥָĻأλˣʵ⵽Ǻ
ŵ͵Ϊ΢ܴ˿ǰһۡ
ѾˣλҽңѾȲֻȰסӡ
ǰѧŸղߵӣһֻ۾һֻ۾ֻԲͲ
ԲͲ·ֻһˮ
ͨԲͲȥȴ۾ĶǳˮУЩڲͣ䶯Щɲ
īҵľ۷壬ܿʶصãǽĿӵ΢С壬Ŵۿɼĳ̶ȡ
Ļأ
ӦŷǱѰãҪȻΪôࡣ
ʱ߹ŵЩСǵԭ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵Ȼȫǣľ֢ЩСģǬһˮʵ̺
Թ֮ŵڣģҽΪ
̫ҽԺоűʱΪͻƵˡ
֮ÿһ죬ҽΪѸ
΢ĳ֣ҽѧѧž޴塣
ڸղţΪ־һ˵ϡ
ҽֲı룬ҲѾβ
ʱһϣӦܹ׵ͻơ
㲻ãҽΪȷΪͻƵ徳
룬ʵӦγЩأ
ŵղԼһ£ҽɵɱ
ҽֻֻܾٺˮ
ٺˮĸ֣򵥣ѣˮҪģͨգĳɱ
ĿǰҪģʵҽռɱ֪ʶ
ûи߾ҽ£ͨҽߣȻǱȲִҽġ
ûҽĻøŨȵľƾ
ϵľƣŨԶԶ
ŵ򹤲飬˵λˣ»һҪ鷳ˡ
ʱ֮󣬹鿴ǰһأܵΪٴһַ·εĸо
һΣŵйģһᴿƾװá
װãԼҲʱ
Ȼ빤æǷģȴǹ顣
һθŨȵľƾ΢µˮںϺ󲻾ãŵڣٴδΪĲ
ڳڶҽңĿֱĿ
ʮ꣬ҽҵľ
Щһͣòײľϼһ˵һ޴Ĵ
ﶼǷġ
ȻĿǰֻеľԺҽһһλĴڣҲֻˡ
ڶȥʱŵѾˡ
ĹԱȥŵԺӵһʹ߳Сֵܣ
ŵ߽÷鿪ʼΪŵԼһЩСء
īҵӣƺϲҫǵƷ
ŵĲƷ֮У˼Ůӡ
ЩŮӣһΩΩФ֮⣬һģһ
ŵѾֶˡ
ңȻʵΪԹߡ
ߵλŮӣƺ⼸λӵ鶯
һ֮ŵ˵⣬ʵ빤Ĵǰæ
ԣһϲ
æδػӦ
Ͳŵæ
æΪѾ˵ľƿ
ٰæϣͻƵ徳
ʱĻȻӾտĻŮӣҲӵ鶯
Ȳʵʲôæ
ŵͷ֣īĥֱֿ־׼
Ȼ΢ˣǽӾϻԶҲԽǡ
Щ½ûУ壬һЩеĹԱԱΪҲܵ飬ڻûͶƱҲüŵĺá
ûֶΣǾͲͬĶĥһ㣬ȻĹԱԣʱȥ¶棬ˢˢ
һӵīң򽻵Ҳǵһ֪һͨͨȻô淨
̶̼գΪһǡ
ŵæܽ徳ˡ
Ѿûмŵˣÿε飬ٴæ
죬Ҳһ¡
ĹԱϻ۵ëּ
ֲߵ̫ͨҽҲβˡ
һЩĹԱΪƾ֮ʱ̫ùû۾¿Զ
ֲ֢ҵ֮
գѵĹԱǰȡһֽ۾Ķ
ƬƳɣ֮ЧͼӰԶǽܿʮķǲľڣߡһЩϳϲ
һֱԱһ⣬ôˡ
ڳеͼѣһ£Ƕĺøи
λΪλᵳӪ˽켺Ⱥһʼҵ涼ʱֻһֱΪգΪ͢ʵ¡
λΪĻӺĹϵϧۣ˵ƷԶʤĻӣͼ÷Ŀ
˵Ƕ˻һû
ƷԶʤĻӣҲԶʤǡ
λﻹλӵ飿

ļλīҹԱ⼸շǳææĸԸ
ЩƳɵִġ
õ˱ǵõΪīÿһµĻأΪһ֣֮ǰڴ½δֹȴǵģΪ档
Ҫ˵ģˡ
˵ΪѾƿ徳ֻһ֮ң
÷֮ڣڵҪȵˡ
ŵո߽÷Ȳվ߳ļ˵ֵܣҪٰʲôæ
ŵ˼ÿζܴæ治˼
ļЦôʲôæܴһ
ŵæƾϢϢأȻƴǡ
ŵ룬˵˵ˡ
ڴ˵ɡ
ŵСѡ֮ʱܴɲͶһƱ
΢΢һ㶣


338 Ϣ

÷ĴţȻϡ
齫ŵ䣬°ϵĶ룬Сʵֵܣģ
Ȼֻʶ˼죬ŵѾֵơ
Ҫԭڣŵֱĸǡ
ܲܽīҵ徳Ϳŵˡ
ŵ˵ͷ
˻
°ϵĶ룬
ĴԲ٣
Ҫλ
֧Ļӣֻһӡ
ȻǷŵٵ飬æ۾Բգһ£飬岻ͬ
ɷûй涨ʱͶ
ѡλӣ˵еһ˼λͶżµ˼
ӣΪٴɡ
ҲֻЩʷŻôɡ
˵
λԹնԣȷλλҪá
ΨĻյġ
ʱŵ˵ǳɹλչīңʱ͢һ˾רīǿߣÿӹ⻮һʽīҵо
Ȼ̧ͷŵ棿
ս֮īѾû䡣
½ûһңԸīҡ
ȻīƿأǬĶ۵ĻûжȨеоֻԳʽ
ùīһʽζ¡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ܴҲˣīǺܿصģīҴĶôʮֹ㷺ҺΪīҵҪԣԶ֮ϣֻ飬ϵī֮ĹؼĽݡ
Ŀйâŵһֱ˵
û˶ī˸ߵۡ
⼸գٲȻѾŵīңʮīҡ
λڹΪá
뵽ŵղŵĻŵʵνϵīң
ŵ͵ϵīңָǻ֮ϵīңǸ֪оС΢ӣ󵽺棬֮ʾɣΪī֮

Ϊīҵľ۷壬ҲЩ
Ȼ˵Щһʮ
λǰ֮ī֮
ûڣУҲġ
˼Ƭ̣ŵʵѾ£ٹԱˣ

֮ŵ߳
һʼû飬ȡѡƱ
Թ飬ǹʦѡģûһǵ֮
ù֧֣ܽ棬ҪǿԵı
Ӹ֮Уīױӵġ
ʵǵǱޣֻǲÿѡ
Ǵϵīңתоϵīʱ磬Żҿʵɴ
ЩʵӦȴӴĿʼ
κΣڴ£ܵ⡣
Թȵλ֮ǵһţܵõ˳ʵʩ
Ϊһ·Я߹ġ
Ǵڸס
ǸλãôǴʧˣһ·
뿪֮ǰ֪Ա뵣ġ
£һٵĺô飬ڸԵţӵоԵƿء
ȸ㶨飬ĹԱͲŵ취ˡ
ϣѾнӽʮƱ
⼸յ࣬˵õѡƱ֮⣬ŵԼҲջ
ڵֶһ
īҪȥеģ뾳ףԶīһء
ȻŵԼûпȥīңΪīҿ˶Թѧо뾳Ҳʲôֵ顣
ڵޱȣ֪ĸ
ܻ࣬ӡ
Ἰ㶨һЩũҵ֪ʶ͸˾ũ˳ˮ飬ʱȣҪ̫࣬ãѾһˡ
ѾЩԱȻҲᶯǵΪȡ֧֡
£ĹԱԽ֮࣬飬ͱԽס
ŵԳ档
ѾΪ̺˵·Լվʱˡ
СԺ֮ڣ֪⿴ŵЩŵ˵ңҿʲô
ŵ˵İɣһôģһֱǰ棬λˡ
ѡ²ʱƵ̨ǰˡ
Ҳʱĸ˽
ŵһԺڵĿյء
ŽЩꡣ
Ѿ㹻ŬˣΪʲôûͻء
Ϊͻƣô֪ǸͷԵǲġ

ʱһΣһ¡
ƾѾգ¿ƽʿոڹǽ֮ϡ
һƾ٣͢¼ȡʮʿ
жʮԺռһ롣
Ӳ˼ǣƾ״ԪԺ״Ԫ⣬״ԪеˣԺѧ
ԹĿƾʷϣûκһԺ顣
ĴԺÿƾٵ¼ȡ࣬һΣԺĽʿȴԺ֮͡
ĵλ״Ԫһֱڽ̵ԺѧӣǶԴжš
û뵽ǣԼܿ״Ԫ̳ܽ״Ԫ
ڿƾ֮ϣλӣһαĻѹ
ʵϣһ¹ȥϣ֣Ҳ޷ĻᲢˡ
ȥһ£ΪĻ˺ܶ顣
ϹһǧﾵԿԶܼ֮
ǧﾵ͸˱ǷַС
ս֮ϣܹӳܴЧá
ͬʱƶ֮£̫ҽԺҲͱչĺ
̫ҽԺΪһҽսȻҲвľҽǸ߾ҽߣܾεԱҲޡ
̫ҽԺзһҩ˿ӸŲ˼Ч
ս֮ϣһˣ˿ڷӸңеľĴҽڳɡ
ҩĳ֣ʹͨĴ˱ԼܹӸҵ˿ڡ
ҽһ˱սϵĴʡ
⣬ͱϱһ飬˵ļλԱΪõԵ
Ҳ˵Щٴڹҵ壬ٹͱѡƱѾĻӵ֮
ĹԱӹõ˾޴ĺô
̶ֳˣǵѡƱͶӣպֻôǣ
ЩԱպڳУЩԱҺǽģ
⣬ʱ䣬˾ũ¡
˵˾ũ̽ʳķһɹԹʳĲֹ
ũҵǿߣƾɵĲ
һ˵޵ģǾҲֻһһƬء
оģȴũҲʳֶΡ
˾ũµѡƱȻûô࣬ҲƱ
λӣһλԱһλԱ£
ÿһΣΪĻȡһ
˵⻹ȫ
飬͹У¾ȥĸϣݷûĸס
֮ǰ򻧲һЩֻ
һ黭չ黭ǰ黭
Ǵε黭չ֮Ǽʮֻһûʣ¡
еƷЩ黭Ҹ߼ߡ
˵ߴϰ
ЩӣһǮûҪȫ˹⡣
λӣ򻧲ҪǮΨ򻧲Ǯ
лڣǻԱȫվĻӣҲûʲôġ
һ׮׮һ飬λޱȵۺ졣
µĹԱҲҪ£ģǼд˱飬ҲũңīңԸ⽫Լ䱦ȥҲôߵļǮ
ο⼸£ΪλѾֵǮĶȫ˰ϡ
ӣ޾һ
ܴӸֵط㵽ӡ
þְ취Ҳˣʢ⼸£ʲôɫȮÿˣ׵ӵһУǺεȵĲ
ۿžƶԽԽҲʧȥе
û״ԪǶѾˣڽֻܽˡ
ȥһ£˵˭۶ȣԱȼģǾֻдĵ״Ԫˡ
Ļн֮λоųϵĹͣҪ鹦
ģ̲ʹµĻƵģֺҽϵģԺѧ̵ģ컨űҲǰ̫ҽԺģǧﾵؼؼЩֻǳ֮֡
˾ũ»ֵء
ԹİպȨԱǣᵽ״ԪĿֲ
˭˭Ӯ
ӴʱһоͶѾע
֪ʢ
ˣλĵ״Ԫ
䴫ԣѾ˽ȵѡ֮ͻʽ޸
֤ݾǣ⼸£Ӱ룬ѾסһԹҲܡ

ġ

ȥļ£粨ͣ
Ȩһ£ûнҡ
Ӿһһ⡣
Ȩӵӡ
һЩ֮⣬ѾûȨˡ
ǶԴ˵硣͢ʼûв
¹ȥѾ׳ΪȨĽء
⣬ΪԱȱλ͢һǰһƾ١
ⳡƾٵ¼ȡﵽǰδеˡ
¼ȡ࣬ƾٵ۶ȣȴԶȥꡣ
״Ԫϵһ֮飬겢ûзƾ״Ԫ״Ԫͬ˷ֱժȡ
˽ƾٵĹעȲߣǿƾٸոսãҲûм˼ǵǵ֡
ֻż˻̾Ļһ꣬Ͳȥ֣ۼλ״Ԫͬһ˵
״Ԫλѡ
Ȼû
ڵİѾУżῴķ˹ڽͷɢ
òˡ
ʱ򣬾ѾųʹԹ
飬İգżۡ
ƾѵ״Ԫ˸ģĹ;ȴ˳񲿵£ٵ̲ʼ֮⣬ǱֱӸϳ˳
ҵ徳࣬Ϊĸ̫ࡣ
ڰյУһֱǴ˽ġ
ϣȴ˲Ͽ
ŴһЩ̶ӣԹŵһЩϢֶĲϿɣ𽥴ﵽ۷塣
Ǵĵ״ԪڴĵòãһֱʣԹȴƶôĸĸðвҽʳǼʿġ
ôİô룿
ǻԲأ
Թƾʲô
飬ܹŵ
ܡ
еĵˣôġ
ڴôίǱߵġ
ڴģҲʲôˡ
ȻԹ˲ţҪȴĳ͢ӵĶࡣ
˵Щ飬еģֻǶԹյĽԳ͢˲ŵķŭ̫ҽԺ̫ҽǵ֪ĳЩϢǳƷˡ
ʲô
컨ԤűҲΣ
ҽҲӸң
ʲôҽ飬д־Ϊ飿
˵ŵԹҽƸƵ飬𾪹󣬷׷Ʒ
֮ǰ֪ЩͰż̤ˡ
еˣԼŵҸι˵ġ
ʶ
Щ£ȴԹҽռˡ
ȻŲУȴ֪˶ٱͳ͢飬ȻƵ˲ΪĹЧΪԼˣһôûռϡ

ʲô
ǧﾵ΢ʲô
Щŵģ
ǰô˵
һѻУ˵Ļԭء
ΪԹīô飬ڴĵʱΪʲô
ԼĸĸףõѰ
ԼæʱԼ˵֣
ѵǵĹϵԹЩˣ
ΪѣԭһֱԼһԸ𡭡
԰
λŮҽ£˺ͰںߵĲݵɹ̫
ԶĽӡ
߽
·ϣһЩϢ
ǸԹô£
ôҪ޸ŵˣ
УǸʲôԵģôõĻᣬֻһ𣬾ȻñŮ˳룬ôô


339 
ģʡ
յʡһƬơ
һЩԱѾᵽɽζ
˴ģ֮мλʹڳ
Ӻȥʹ״κġ
ʹǰع
Ϊ˼¶ϵӰ죬ǲʹǰ
գʹʹѾص˳
ǴصϢֹۡ
ʹŻȥ֮󣬷ڴĵ飬ܿ챻֪֪͢Ȼ󲨣ҰһƬŭ
˶ΪӺͼλʹǴĳ͢Ϊ
Թ֮£ԭһϵԼ״Ӵĵκһѹĸ̧ͷѸʧơ
Ҳͳһ
ͼΪı⣬̾ͻᱻȺ֮
ºǲ˷ء
пܼ̳лλĻӣȨģ˭֪е塣
˶֪ڴĺκ֮䣬Ѿѡ
ʧ֮֮ϣ״ӴĵĹԱصıأȫ⵽㡣
ʹź͢β̸к󣬹ϵѡ
֮ǰʹ⵽
뿪֮ǰǵõϢκĽӴ
ѾӦκפ
һССĵָ
κȴǲڴĵĳȴĻǿһߡ
ı߽פ岻Զ
սѾԶˡ
ʡĳ÷֮ڡ
еߡӣɫޱء
Ӻͼλʹھޱ䣬ٵκ룬פ߾һжڶ̶ڷǼ䲻Ѱ顣
·𿴵һ˫ε֣ĻһС
Ǵģκ˫ֵƿ֮С
ߡ˿Щˣֿʼ𡭡
ǿʼ֣Ǵֹ
ǵĻκκı߾פͲǽǿʼ
ΪӦδܻᷢΣıҪǰЩ׼
˼Ƭ֮һߡӡ
ߡӣԹ
Թʹţÿ¶һߡӻ
ŵԹƶ˾Թư̵ԹԺѧӣƶҽƸĸһ£ǰ֪ˡ
ĹԱԹ֮ȻЩף͢Ҳûɷ涨ʹô
ɹȥһ£ΪԹ̫顣
ߣű飬ǧﾵʳΪֱԹǿߵΪ
ԹѰҲôչ˰
Щڴĵʱ򣬿һûó
Ȼ͢Բ״ԪҲǲʵ
ԴҲۣΣΪԹˡ
ԹĹֻȴһߣ꣬˭˭ɾ˵ˡ
þ콫С
ͷʱһӰ˽
࿴һۣδڡ
࣬ŵʹ֮Ун֮£
ŵڳʹŵӣƣĺֵյľأԹҲƽ޹ʵõЩô
ɽ֮棬ס
ߵǰɵ˵ŵس
֪ˣΪҪǲʹأ
࿴һۣ˵ϷϷɡ
Ϣأ౾ͷŭޱȣ˿̲סվһϣŭʲôɣ˲ţڳٳٵòãֻڹʩչǵʱڳλʹ֮Ϊֵľأ
ĿĿ࣬ʱգ㻹𣿡
µͬʱһƣӿֶ
ҵ徳ѹ֮£ɫ䣬Ŀ޲Ŀ
ڣһȻӿֶͺͥͥ񣬲·硣
ܵϢϵջأ˵֮Ҫʡ
΢΢ͷƽɡ
˵գתȥ
Щ죬֮ǰһֱŵ࣬һΣȻô׵ľͬˣ
ǰˣ޻̸
֪ʲôʱʼһ²͸˼ˡ
պ
԰
˿첽߽һͥԺЦŶμ˺˵ϢҪˣ
̧ͷϲдŲ죺Ϣ˵ҲҪԹ𣿡
˽͵İɣʡϢһλʡĹԱ¥ʱ͸¶ģ˵λ඼ͬˣ죬Ӧþͻᷢȥ
μȻû˵ʲôȴ¶΢Ц
˸ԼĶӣͷ˵СһϾҪˡ
Թ

ڴķ飬ŵһ֪
һȻûг棬еĻġ
˵㣬ЧҲŵġ
֮Уؼ˾ũµѡƱѾǰ϶
̲ʹ£һֱģԼҲϢ
񲿺ŵʱûҵͻƿڡ
ûѡƱҲѾӰˡ
ĿǰǿȷƱѾﵽʮƱ
ЩӣŵŬ
Щ֧ĹԱͬŬ
ԹӵͶƱȨĹԱһپʮλ
ʣµЩѡƱŻᱻλӾ֣ĸһ㣬ĸһ㣬ҲܳƱ
ƱϿѾʤˡ
ʽѡ£Ϊȷһʧǻüơ
ʱʢ
Ļָʷ̨̫ҽԺ˾ũ£
ţЦĺϲ£ˡ
Լԭеİףټ֪⼸µŬƱѾһƱ
ʣµĹԱͶĳλӣҲӰյĽ
˵Ѷ
˵Ĺʶ
⼸գһЩȨѾǰ񹧺ˡ
ֱͦ壬кɡ
ϵĵλΪȲ
Ц˼֮ڵȥ磡

Ŵѡ֮յٽƽ࣬ǰγĶԱȡ
ѡ֮ǰΪҵʱ
ǱӦֶȫ֡
һδѡλӣڴѡ֮ǰѡ˳Ĭ
Ϊǵͽ͡
⻹ʵʵ֧֣ĻӶǣ˵һˣ֣ԸԼѡƱȫˣҲ޷ؾơ
ŵţȴſһ벻ˡ
ǰӣʵ´ˣ£
δʹŵӹԱŵѾкܾûмˡ
ЦЦȡһݸŵ˵ˣʡ
ŵнӹһµĶ򿪿˿֮󣬱΢΢һ㶡
Ƭ̺СԺ֮ڡ
֪⿴ʵ
ŵ˵ͷ
ǰԹʹʹһꡣ
㣬ȵһг䶨֮󣬾дŸףԼȥ
û뵽ʲôû͢ĵȵˡ
Լյ֮󣬲Ҫκε飬̻س
ݵ֮ϣʡӡ
˵ֱӴʡġ
ʡߡӣȻҪ֮֡
ôˣոսԼûãҪȥ
֪ü¶һĨɫʵô죿
ŵ˰֣˵
һֽԶ볤ǧһֽȥȫ벻ȥܻܲȥʲôˣ
ûλҲûͻƵ徳
ôȥǰˣ
˵ΪĹԱΥ͢ҲԹץ
б¾ͳְ
Ҳں
ۻò׻ÿƾʸ񣬿״Ԫַ˲֪˼̲еλãúոһȨԱ
֣ûȨԱոˡ
ôû뵽֮·ĻǸס
ģԹöˡ
ĹԱ죬ʲô飬ʲô谭ȵλһ֮֮ϣҪɷĸҲ׵Ķ࣬ڴҪõĶ࡭
˺Ѷڴģ治ȥˡ
һܹչȭŵĵط
ĿǰԹЩ飬ŵʵһֱƣǶԹͱǵ㵽Ϊֹ̫ĻᵮһЩӰ½ƽĶ
ǾΣЩó
СԺ֮УŲͬ飬һʱ˾þõĳš
ŵȫǷݵԺܷλغܷһɿĺ·˭;ϡ
ŵǷݵһߣ֪ŵһģڷ
ڵʱʲô¡
ƺκѣܹ˷
ղֻҪߵϢ͸еһңȫ֪Ӧʲô
˵ʱԹ
վҪߵġ
Ӽ˶ڴģһֱ뿪ָ֮ôأ
һ뵽£δ޾ã
ŵʱߵϢ˵һģҲ
ģȻϲԹ
ǳڶԹҵϲֻſԺԷƣſÿ˯ͬһŴϣ˯͵͵װ˯Լ
˵·һֿܡ
һﵱʱߵģμ˵Ŀܡ

ġ
ʡ
ŵļӼѾͳȥãڵԹĻţߡӣȲȥ
ǾþõȻ
أ
ԹʹݵĹԱ˵͵֮ŵδ̣ûһ׼̵ӣÿȻɣûյǷݵһ
ˣԹõã˰ɣ
ܣļ˻ڴġ
ĪԳ֮͢ǰĿ飿
ĬƬ̣²һ

Թ
ʱֹȥ£ŵǰѾˡ
ڶ˵ȥ֮󣬿һԴƷĹٽףƷĹְ
дţʡڣƷĹְѡߡӣԲˣֱӵݽ࡭
ˣŵǲߡ
ԣǿԼΪԹô£ˡ
϶ȥڡ
³һѡֻһˡ
Ѿ·ӷ߳ŵ֣˵߰ɡ
ŹڵٽѾˣÿ춼ŵһţʱֻһɢɢ˶ѡ
ߵſʱ֪⡣
ŵɫ죬ʵôˣ
֪صĿŵ˵ʲأѡǰˡ
ŵһ£ʵǰã
֪дһ˿ţ֮󡭡


340 ѡ
Թ

һشϢӹд̼볯˾޴Ĳ
ԭһµĴѡǰ֮
˼ߣó١
µ壬⼸ڼתֱ£κҽֶζ޷أֻλпܶꡣ
ˣһ֮ǰͶ˴ѡ֮ա
£ɱˣδܻһ֮
ˣѡֻǰС
ӵĸۡһʱյϢ
˳ѶԱֵΪƽ
һҲãһҲգǶԣѾʲô仯ˡ
ʢ
ּĻ¹˵꣬ʢȻһ˲̲֮סѿڵ̫ˣ
ּĻ¹ٿһۣʢʶʲأֵôģƺЩ̫á
ϵϲɫȻ˵֪ˡ
ȵǻ¹ߺȭͷ
֮Ƕ
ʢڣͬһƬڡ
Ѿǰףˡ

СԺ֮ڣ˽ԳĬԡ
ŵڴдһЩ̼Ͼ⻹һβμӶ֮ôã֮󣬾ǿʱˡ
֪г˽֮⣬޴롣
ѡ֮ӦҪ˰ɣ
·ӦҪôߣ
촽¶һ˿ᡣ
Ҫȥ
ٵվǼٵģõΣҲҪʱ򡭡

ʱ䣬ת۶
峿ɫйԱѾڹſھۼ
գǽ֤»ʵĵ
ʱŻ򿪣ڹԱ룬ƷվڵǰĹ㳡ϡ
λӣվȺǰ
񲿺̫µĹԱ˴ѡʼǰʽ
ѡԹ͢Ҫ֮һ̷ֱһʱ֮һƵ𣬴ѡʽʼ
ƷϵĹԱ˳һ߽ǰĴ
룬һŷ
бīֽ⣬Լһɫľ䡣
ͶƱĹԱҪֽдͶ֮˵ķţ˳ʢȣȻֽͶľ֮С
ӽдԡ
ȻǿԱǾͶˣȷûκζĶ֤ͶƱĹƽ
һλԱͶƱ뿪ʱһλԱܽ롣
Ⱥ֮ǰλӵıͬ
ʢ⣬ÿһλӴ߳ĹԱͷ΢Цʾ⣬ȫȻһʤȯյӡ
λӣޱ飬·Ѿ
ֱʱҪȥλԱͶƱ
ƱʡĻ¹ɣʷ̨ĹԱԼල
ŵŻرգйԱ˼֡
֮ڣʡĻ¹ǣеѡƱȡֱ
˳
ֻͳƱ¹پȻ
ƱУռƱ
ôͶأ
֮УѡĺЩôأ
һһŵѡƱͳƳλ¹ٵıҲԽԽ֡
ôѡƱͶġ
ƱѾͳƹ룬ѡƱ⼸λѡƱƽ
̿еļ˲δ֣ʷ̨ĹԱǣʼƽƺĽ֣ǵԤ֮С
ܿ죬еѡƱͳϡ
ʡ飬ͬĽ
˳ʮƱʮһƱʮƱʢʮƱ
ʮƱ
˵Ԥϡ
û˸ֱӹһ
̼ʹһɫһ¹ҴҵĴӴ˳ȥ
һ㳡֮һǰʡҪҪ¡
ſڴһϻ¹ٿһۣת߽Ƭ̺߳˵ȥɡ
ǻ¹С߽һ˻ܵСԺ߽һľķ䣬̧ͷһۣμ£ʦ
ϵһλߣο£ۿݣѾƤͷû۾΢ʵн𣿡
¹ٵر£ʡѾͳеѡƱ
ʵ˭
¹촽˶˵ǣ
ڴϵߣ˫Ŀ
¹һۣ˵Űɡ
ǻ¹ٹ˳䣬СԺһֱ˵֮⡣
˿̣֮ڣԹʵۿڵʦҲѡ𣿡
λӣǹʦΪġ
֮ȴ֮⡣
ڴǰĿߵ˵˰̫ϷҲֻԹδеһйأʢʹ볡ʢ뵽ߣ
Թʵͷ˵ˡ
Ĭãٴοڣʦϣûг֮𣿡
ĬȻãſڵ춨˳٣˶ңҲó֮
Թʵ۵Ϊδλ
߲ΪȻֻδˡ
Թʵ۲ٿڣ̾һ֮󣬵˾þõĳĬ
¹ڹ˲֪жãϻ¹ڴ˳С˵һ䣬¹صĵ˵ͷɿʱķȥ

֮⣬ԹȺѾȵĲͷˡ
˿ʼСۡ
Ʊѣõô𣿡
ⶼСһʱˣǼʮƱҲ㹻˰ɣ
֪浽׷ʲôˣ
Ⱥ֮ǰʢҲȵЩͷˡ
Īʲôʰɣ
Ͳסǰѯʱرõĵţڴ򿪡
ʡʷ̨ĹԱӵ߳
ʢȥĲӣ˻վֱ壬ͦţĿбӡ
ֳ̼һźֽĿɨ·ȺڵƱѾ
£ֳѻȸ
̼ɤӣ˵˳ʮƱ
˳УһЩϣ仰Ŀеϣ֮𣬳Ϩ
ֻжʮƱ˵Լİ֮⣬ѡĳ޼
ʱ̼ٴδʮһƱ
ԣͷҲ΢΢ȥ
ʮһƱȻвĳҲͶȴԶԶ
ʮƱ
̼ٴοڣǰ˽
ѡƱһپʮţλӣƾʮһƱʢһˣͶһƱλӵƱࡣ
ʱ˿̣ʢǵЦݣѾȫѹסˡ
̼ڣʢʮƱ
ʢЦߵǰʡļλ¹ٺʷ̨Ա˵λˡ
ʡԱһȻ
ʢʶʲôһ㶣٣
̼ظһ飬˵ʮƱ
ʢĿ
Щôģף˾ʮһƱôֻʮƱ˺ͶӣҲӦоʮƱġ
̼࣬˵ǲˣôֻʮƱʮһƱ࡭
̼ĵ˵²ҪżһƱû
ʢɻ
ͶƱѡĸ˭
̼ʮƱ
£ʢסλӣԼڳԭء
ʲʲô
ʮƱ
Ͷģ
֪ôͶҲͶˣ
û˸ңͶ

λڻع֮໥ӣ̲סЦ
ôʢ˭ġ
ãķڷ
ĵһЦȻãһλɢүҲ
˳ҲһЦ˵˵ĶԣԺڿˡ
Ƕ˵ļ˵ߣҸ磬ֵˣʹһ
Ϊʲô
ʢ˻Σ˼Щˤ
ΪʲôЩ˶ѡãǲӦѡ
⣿
ѡѳٹ뿪ʹ
䣬ʢԺһƬհףجج߳š
ʹ֮⣬Χ˵ȴϢİա
ʤȺһƬڡ
Ҿ֪һԵģ
Ժкӹˣ
ЩǣȻ˰յ
ʢתĹˣŻȸԾİǣиãȻ
ô֧ãΪʲô֪
ôıʿȴûһ˸
֪Щһ鷢
صʢ
ıʿǣڵȴĹ
ϲ£ϲ£
ףصٵǴλ
ʢո̤ţ߾ʹһ󻶺
Ƭ̺һӰʢ£˵һжŵµģ˵ⶼλӵıΪºǸ֪¡
ʢͣԭЩ֪
һʼֻڹ
ʢһȺˣڵסСԺʱȴѾȥԺա
ǡһģ
ʢɫǺ죬Ｗ⼸֮󣬱һڣֱͦͦĵ˵ϡ
ʱ
¹߽СԺһϻ¹ϼĵЦݣ֪˵£١
֪Ŀʶŵ
ŵεҸʲôȥѽ
϶ʵ۵ˣôûС
֪뿪֮߹Щ䣬ŵʵҪȥ𣿡
ŵҲûô죬ҲҪ¡
ҪȥĻҪȵʽϻλΪʣһԹ֮вԲ
һ˵ѡ󣬰ڣͻٰ촫λ䡣
Թʵ۵״ʱ䣬̡ܻ
ŵȻʶ˻ʵۣҲܵӰ졣
Ŷʮ꣬пʮʱ򣬾ͻܵ˵ķɡ
ǰܾλ
һλãɾˡ
յϣʱԼൽò꣬ǿԷһЩ


341 Ҷѡ
Թ
ѡʱ̣֪
ѡ޷Ҳڼλ֮䡣
λ˽һ꣬ջʤģȴĳ˵Ԥϡ
ƽȻ˵ţŮ֮ʣҲû˵˵飬Ȼʵˡ
ĳҲûԤϵһ
ǼʮλԱʵ̫ϣȻû͸¶Ϣ
һֱ˶ΪǸϵλãĻĪ
ģȻҪʢ
ѡ֮󣬶̶ʱ䣬ʢʹյĳӯţͥ䡣
Ⱥſıʿߵһʣ
հķеȨԱҲûһٵš
ʢĳĴ֮ڣʢһſ֮ϣ͵ſմ
һλ͹ǰ˵£ͳԵ㶫ɣѾûгԶˣȥġ
ʢûпڣҲûκα飬һûľ
Ȱ£ˣͲҪȥЩˣˣҲһãݣ⼸λ󡭡
ȥɡ
ʢڿڣ˻ƣκθ鲨
̾˿ֻ¡
߳ſյУһ˿̬ĸܡ
֮ڣʢȭͷȻս
йϣ㲻ʧ
ûлǸλãˣҲʲô
Ǹλֿ֮ɵã
Ըϣִݻϣ
ûģȻã
ʱһ翵ȻĶС
𣿡
ʢһ𣬾ĳ䡣
ڰУһӰ߳ȫ۸ǣֻ¶һ˫۾ʢٴοڵô䣬ʢĸ𣿡
ʢվ䱸Ŀʵʲôˣôģʲô
˻ʲô˲ҪôҲҪֻ֪ġ
ǰ˴ʹˡ
˿̣ʢȵ˼ûУ£ϣʵңѶһɥ֮Ȯʲôðģ
ҡҡͷ˵Ѷ𣬵Ҳδء
ʢһЦʵѡѾѵƷѡ
˻ѡ䲻ƷѡһΣǻһλ᣿
ʢĿٴ
˼˵һ·Ͱڵǰôѡˡ


Դǰگ֮ŵûټ
ģڹʲôʡ
ԹĴѡƶȣÿһʵ۶ء
ѡĵգԹϻʵ۱һʥּѸ£ʮ֮󣬾ٰ촫λ䣬ʽλ
ζţ̰ǰʥʵ֮ԹֵڶλŮʡ
ʮʱ䣬ﱸλ䣬ʵЩִ١
ЩӣضæĲɿ
˿̣СԺ֮ڣһԱǰĿŵ˵ˣˣʲôʱشģ͸¹һ׼ŰɣҺ͢ҪȻ¹ٻȥҪ͢ġ
Ȼϣδʹŵ٣ŵҪһаš
ĸҶʹٵȨ
ʡĵһһġ
ԹλŮʣ˵Ѿ˽ŮҲһȥģҪԹһ֮֮ϵĴڡ
ܶʱһ֮ϡ
ӴԺ󣬴ԹĹԱҪıϢ
ʩѹԼɣͿʼΪ޹֮ˣŵǣ޹룬˵һ°ɣһ£һ̻شĵġ
λĵĹԱǧл뿪
Ƭ֮ǼӰ߽СԺ
ٴλصʱ֪⻻һŵûмװ硣
ͷ߸ͷϵıʯ貶ĿһϮɫĳȹоĻƣȥׯض
Ӣʮ㣬һװ磬Եüֿ
֪վλŮ١
ϣʦϢ
֪ͷǣ˵Űɡ
һλҡͷ˵ˡѴּǲ뿪֮⡣
֪ü両ֳ֮ɫֻܿŵʵڹдȺιҪ𣿡
ŵ˰֣˵ҲԹĹԱͲȥˡ
֪˵ͷ֪ŵȥγҲҽڼ
໰Ҫ˵תͷ˿ļŮ٣ֻʵǲŻȥɣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ȵǻ֮󡣡
õһشʱģ˵ǣȻعˣ֮ǰкܶҪæ
뿪󲻾ãŵҲǣֳš
Ѷ£
ԭ˵Ѿټٰˡ
ɱ֮ǰĬ
Թͷŵ仯
Դѡʤ֮ԹĽֵϣŵƽʣͬ졣
ڰеȷܱȡ
ȷǣٽһδѡƱһһθࡣ
̫ĳû뵽Ͷ
ѡѾգͷβ۴¡
ĳΪŮˣֱһ
˵ԺҶܿˣ
յĺӣںͷء
ûл䣬δ񲻾ǻʺ󣿡
Ҳô˵ǲ֪˭ˡ
᲻Ǵλ״Ԫ
ܣѾи֮򣬾ҪȢ֮ǰҲһ׵飬οϾҪΪŮˣŮʻͱŮӷɷ𣿡
˵Ŷ

һŲһŵŲгյۣȻ̧ͷʵͬʱʶμ˺ѡеһ
ŵҲû룬˵ȻǼˡ
˵ԺŮʰòμˣΪҲߣ㲻𣿡
ŵϵ
ֻ֮Ĺϵ
Ҫͨһ㣬ϾŮԼһֵַŮʣôһĸ顣
ʵμ˺أǶûм޸㣬ѡ˭
ŵ롣
׿Ⱥ⡣
˺Ͱ
ӵһоǻǰ㡣
϶ʵʵ˵ҪȻǻһŵҡҡͷ˵ҲѡȫҪ
һ£˵Уѡһ
ŵҲѡҾȫҪ
һ̰ģ
һ·֮ϣûͬ⣬ֱصСԺʱȻٴοڣμûȼ޸㣬ҪҺ֮ѡһĻѡ˭Ļ
Ŀ⿴ŵŵδش
Ҳûбֱ߽˵ȥˡ
ŵվԺУ˼һ⡣
˺ˣȻһģһиԸ
ȻȴܻĵطĬĬػ
ֱ̹ˬҰҺޣֺγϲ
ȻѡȫҪˡ
ŵ߽һæµ
ͬʱԹʹ
ÿѡ֮գڹдȺ
һΪףڴλ֮ǰȺϤ»ʡ
֮ϣܵĹԱȱϯȨԼӵܣҲᵽ
˳žƱǰ֪ЦЦ˵ãϲ㡣
֪Ҳٱྴл֡
󣬰λѡʧļӣҲǰʾףء
ҲԹĴͳ
ȻλʧܣѪ黹ڡ
ǷԸ⣬ڴѡʧܵĻӣڴ֮ϣ»ʱʾء
һӰ֪ɫЩӡ
촽˶˵֡
ʢЦЦֵʲô˵ˣʼʱЩϾҵãεˣ˺ܶ࣬ôϲ㣬λڹ񣬶һ£ңһĸ˭λʲôء
֪˵ȥ鶼ȥˣҪһûʵۣҪûʧ
˵գԼеľһȻǵ֪Դתȥ
һĻΧĹԱУǵСۡ
벻ʢȻд˷ȡ
ĻӵĴȣȷԤϡ
Ϊء
ðȻѾܸı䣬ʵ
ҲõĽˡ

ʢع֮ߵλӵλãξһ
λ֮ǰܿõŵµı֣жǸ߿˼֡
һĻʹʢĿеӡͬĹۡ
λ֮ʱǶ֡
ѡ֮Ȼֵܡ
ĵĻǣγĶԱȡ
λӣıǰ̫ӣƹӡ
λ֮ʱ伫޲ͬͬĸֵء
ԹλӣλҲĹ󣬴ӲЩֶΡ
ģԹĻңѵܹТ
ĹңԹĹԱǣҲɡ
һƬгķΧнٹԱ飬ҲΪģԱƵĳϡ
ڶա

ŵӴƫͷһۣװ˯
ÿҪ׹֮Ż
ŵϴϵ˽۾һС죬ɻĿıӰ
ÿ𴲣Ƕһ£Ȼȥϴ
ѵˣ
ŵϴϣתʱ̱۾
ŵߵǰ£ͷ˵
м죬ʽǻˡ
ǵĻس֮ڣҲûжԶ
֮䣬Ѿװ˼µĺͿʱѳ죬ټװȥˡ
ŵһǡ
˿糿Բˡ
Եĵȴŵ뿪Ȼϴ
һֱڴͷ˿û뿪˼
ŵ˿ǿװ˯ˣҡҡļЦˣװ˯ˣ֪ˡ
˽ë˲۾Щãʵʲô
ŵĲװΪҲ֪ľ۷ĸ֪֮ǰ͵͵ҵ顭
յ˵ˣ
ŵʼ磬˵˵Ͳ˵ɣʵǸ⣬һϣ뵽˴𰸣Ȼ㲻ĻǾˡ
üһʵʲô⣿
ŵңûм޸ң֮䣬һѡ˭⡭
̴Ӵѡ˭
ŵ۾Ц˵һǶѡ
˰һۣҪ˵ʲôĿȻ󣬴Ƭֻ֮ϡ


342 ޻㸺
һޱȵ
˱۾ıŵּҵĸӦ
ӴĵԹһѾá
ʱţĴһʼֱ𽥻ָƽ
һ̣һȻĵӿܿͳеľ
ľǱڵĴӣһǰư硣
˿ڣĺˮȻûвˮ֮£ȴ޾ĺ嫡
ڿȴ֮õʦ֮ȻϢͻˡ
ԵҲڵ
һ̣ߵԤԣȫӦ顣
飡飡飡
һǻȻ˼ٵ
ͻ˴ӻ˳æƿŵͷ̺죬˵ȥŰɣһʲô¡
ŵ߳䣬õԺŵķȥ
ģʲôã
£Ȼŵ£
֮ڣ㶵վԭأ˫Լŷڷ̡
Ȼһֱڴһ죬һʱֻҵ֪롣
ѵʱǵ죬ͷˡ㲻Ǹװ
ŵߵſڣԺţ򽹼վ档
ûŵѯʣʹҴ˵򣬲ˣˣȥ￴ɣ

Թ
ʹ
һ磬г׽ϡ
ϵĳȡԱԻãȫǵҽٽʹ
Ȼе飬ǲҲܲµһǷ˲˵Ĵ¡

¹ٹŮƵĽɫҴҡ
λӣվڵȴ
֮ڣվ˵ľҽң̫ҽվڴǰŴϻ˯Ůӣͷ亹ֱ䡣
һϻ¹վԣüʵ̫ҽѾΣôˣΪλ˯ѣ
̫ҽĨ˰Ѷͷϵ亹˵Ϸҽ鲻˯Ĳܹܻ£ϷѾȥʦˣ˼Ӧúܿͻ
ϻ¹ٵ˵ͷת첽ȥ
̫ҽһˣʵ֣ô
ҡҡͷ˵ƽȣ̽鲻κ쳣֮಻жϷƽʵûͷ
̫ҽѯҽңҲҡͷ
ٴüģٸͷʹ
ϣŮȻԲѡ
ǻ̫ҽԺޱӣ̫ҽһʱϵȴûϳκ쳣
ټ˹еĵľҽңͬϲ
ûκ쳣ƫƫѲ
һĪչ֮ʣһӰ˽
̫ҽͼλ̫ҽߣ̿첽ǰʦ𣡡
ҽʥǰ
ڳҽң֮ʱҲ׷׹
̫ҽʦҩȹԹڴ½Ψһһλ徳ҽҡ
߶΢΢ͷߵǰ˫ָŮӵϣ˫Ŀ
֮ڣһƬҽҾŻࡣ
ĳһ̣΢յ˫ۣȻ
̫ҽʵʦ𣬵µôˣ
߻ջָǹƶ
Ļ£һƬȻ
ʲô
ôйƵģ
ҽһͶϾ𣡡
Ǻ˴󵨣ҶԵֶֶΣ
Թҩּңβ˵ҽߣа·ױɶĶҽ
ҽǶҽķ֧ƾһִĶ֮׵ĶɱҸ߾ǿߣŹɥ
¶ҪӽҴ󲿷ֶҩҪӿз롣
ȴԶĲٿأ˷ʤ
ңƳ֮󣬻֣ԴԴϵĲƶƶԶѰҩɱȣһЩƳĹƶҪ徳ҽҲ
ľҽΪ֪ƶĴڡ
Ҳˣùҽ⵽˸ҵϽɱѾʧˡ
Թʵ¹ٵĲ߽ҽʥֱʵ˶ӦξΣ
ҽʥĬƬ̣ڵڵĹƳ棬Ѱ֮ƣǱڵµ֮Уʱ֮ڣĹƶѾѪҺȫеҽҳֻ֣λ徳ҽңķȫܽڵĹƶ
ҽʽ΢ҽңûгֹˡ
񣬵徳ͿԳΪҽʥ
徳ҽңҲֻһ˶ѡ
ҽʥȻû˵˶ĳ½ûܾ
Թʵ۵˻Σǿվ֮󣬿ҽʥʵھͽλ
ҽʥҡҡͷ˵ֻҽƶңƳǸ֪Σ̼ޱȿ꣬ʱ
Ļֻ˵һ룬ԹʵѾˡ
ʱŮĸ졣
λֻܴˡ
ɫޱȣ˵飬ϣӴʲôˣ
һλ¹ٹּ
߳ʱλ¹̾˿
ջʹ磬Ӵ֮һڻӵ֮⣬гаٹ٣ָôӺβأ
ڣԹʵۿҽʥ˵֪ܡ
ҽʥٴҡͷ˵йƶȻƶʱ䣬ԽԽֻ࣬࣬ˡ
Թʵ۳ĬƬ̣ȥɡ
ԣ׷߳
ǵĿ⣬ڵȺλһһɨ
ѾӮ˴ѡ£Ϊ
ıģпܾеĳһλĳλ
뿪֮ʱһֵӰȴж߽
Թʵۻͷһۣиֳһ˿ϣʦ
߿ڵ²صģδ
Ȼ֪ôܵþȣйʦ仰Թʵ̲ٵġ
ٴʦʵʦ㵽¶֮˭
ָ˵㲻ٿشµĻ֮˲򵥣ͼ󡭡

һҽ߳ſȥ
òײӮôѡ֮λȴַ˴ıʣ˭ÿϧ
ҽӵģֻ
ȡλ֮ǰҽϵһЩٴ룬ҲӦάֲ˶á
ҽʥһ·Ĭ
ʵǱɡ
ֻҪڵĹƳ棬ٺķʮλҽҵľΪܳڵĹƶ
Ҳа취ڵĹƳ档
ȫΪԼ
ûΪҲԶˡ
ΪһλɵŮӣԼȻҽңҲûô˽
ο˹Ƴ棬ҲҪʮλĵľҽҷȫΪеĹƶһԹҽңҲʵˡ
Ȼô
ʱӰȻӺ׷
һλòӢˣҽʥʵʿҽʥǰ
Ҳϵ׷ҽʥ˵ʦǵӾ˵򡣡
ʵϣﾰͣҽʥҲ֪ǰݡ
ᣬҽҵľΪҽλ֮㣬бˡ
ŵҽʥ˹˵ҽʥǰĽˣһЩҽ⣬ҽʥǰ֣֪̽ǰɷָָ㡭
ҽʥ˵ͷ˵ʰɡ
λ֮㣬ûκӣԺĳɾͣȻ֮ϡ
£ǵùĳһǰ
лҽʥǰ˵ʱȡһ㽶԰ãݸҽʥ˵ǰá
Դ֪㽶Ǵ
ŵٴζҽʥ˹Ȼǰղ˵Ĺƶܷϸ˵һ
ŵ㽶ҽʥҲǣƺҲãԥһ˲ֽӹ˵ƶͲò˵ҽһȺа·ҽңΪĹ涾ƽ⡭
߳һ·֮ŵҽʥ˹֣˵лǰҪȥȥݷǰ
λ뿪ҽʥе㽶ŵһƢ㡣
ⶨȻũļƷһڣȻޱȡ
ܿ죬ͳ㽶ֽƤ·ߡ
Ҫ뿪ʱȻм˽
վס
ӹƤʮģаգߣ
ҽʥĹæ͵үүλҽʥˣùյĹأɷи㡭
˵꣬˳ִӻͳһӣݵ
ԣɫࡣ
ʲô㣡
ɷǶأ
㻹һ¸ңһߣ

ŵԶԶĿһĻתʹķȥ
ϵҽʥе֪˹ƶʱб㰵á
ƶ֣ص㣬Ʋص㡣
еĶأɹĸġ
൱һʱ֮ڣҽҽ֮ɫĴڣǵ徳ҽңһĹƣҲֻ·һ
еĹƣȻ֮ԹƣҲ伬֡
ҳ˭µĹƣĿǰҪġ
ҪǾ
һʱϵ̫ãƶ۵һ̶ȣǾˡ
ҪƳ棬ȵӵе徳ҽΪ
ŵԼΪԶԶﲻҪֻܽλԹҽʥΪһˡ
̲빬ſڼεʱŵȥһ̲
˻ʹ첽ߵǰ̫ҽԺ˻ڵ飬ŵ̫ҽ˵ˡ
ʦ޲ߣϻܾ·Īˡ
ŵʵղžˣǲδע⵽
̫ҽҪڣŵҶ֪ˣа취ҪһĻκ˴š
̫ҽԥƬ̣˵ȥʾ¡
ɿ뿪ܻܿ˵̫ҽԺȫ˵ģҪʲô
ľΪ𲻵κãŵǾŰɡ
˵գ߽תŹϡ
̫ҽԺֻܵ档
һλ̫ҽةʦû취ܾ𣿡
̫ҽ˿˵ȵȿɣΪΪôƶӦûа취ġ
֮ڡ
ŵߵǰϵĹȡһ㽶
˰㽶ߵǰ
ڴϣʮ񾲣˯һ
֮ƣ˯ơ
д˹ƺ󣬻˯Ϣȥ䲻ԹƣʹбҶ
Ϊ֮Уͨཫشȫһܵв˲Ŀ꣬ݻ࣬ЩԹƸѲ
ҪҪڹƳܲκв£
ûиʱ俼ǡ
ŵһͷ˲һǧ졣
ڣȴһԼǿʮϵҽ
δһ徳Ϊû뵽һ֮Ҫ֮ǰʮ
ûʱˣŵͷ˳˯һۣĬһǵѣûԥĵͷȥ׵˿ء
徳ҽŵĵжϣͨĿڣĿУ࿿
֪֮Уһֻ΢СĹƳ棬ϵ䶯
һειƶĿ³ѪҺ
Ȼ䣬ܵʲôɿϷ䶯
ֱӴһֹͣ³Һǿʼ
ҽҲҽңеĹƳ棬ҽƳģҽΪʳ徳ҽȴһбԣܵĿʼɡ
Ѱĵ徳ҽңǱôΪˡ
ҽɾȡ֮֮ߣҽһ˿һ˿Ĺ֮󣬱Ϊʧ
ŵڵͲԼģҴʱޣһҲۡ
Ϊ׵ıڽֻƳ˳
ֻƳĿʱŵ׵ı㽫סѸٽתƵ档
һֻ˶ٵļ׳棬ӿɲ
Ǳ֮˳滹ڷһĽ
һСںֱײŵаңҺղûһڼŭ롣
뿪ĹƳ棬ûκвˡ
ŵȭдһ죬Ľʧ
ŵûʬĿٴοϡ
Ȼڳ˯ΪڵĹƶڡ
飬ͺðˡ
ղŵǵѾʧһǬŵֻҪٸһǧµõ
ڵĹƶŵܻҪٶһΡ
ǧһλŮʣô㲻ġ
ŵ̾˿˵ҿǰˣԺҪúöҰҪ˻ʵѡ
֪Ľë΢ɲĶ˶ŵδע⵽
һ˲֮ڵҽٴαĳӯ
ŵ֣ԴԴϵڡ
һΣһ֮壬ܵ˴ڶƣ
ָЩŵҧҧһγӯ
һΡ
Ρ
Ρ
ĴΡ
ŵһ壬ûڸܵκһ˿ƶĴڣڳ׷ġ
եǬĴΣѾû취ٵˣµƣϯֻһת˵ϣʧȥʶ
֪ⳤĽë˼£˫Ŀ
Žߵϸֳһ˿Ц˵İɣ޻㸺ġ


343 񸱻ʵ

ŵѾȥܾˣ̫ҽԺ˽ĵ档
֨
ĳһ̣źȻ򿪣һӰӵ߳
̫ҽ첽ǰҪʣ̧ͷʱ鲻һ𾪵£ˣ
ӵ߳ģŵ
̫ҽԺ˵ı飬Ҳ𾪡
ҽʥ飬Ȼˡ
֪廹Щһַֻŵţһָָֻ棬˵û£ȥȥ
Ƭ֮󣬴ߡ
̫ҽŵջָͷ֪⣬˵·ģֻ͸֧أ޴󰭣ڵҽָ壬˯ϼվͻ
תȻްǴʦԿ
Ÿո߳ţ͵֪ʦղΪڽͷӹƤץ̲ˡ
ֻȸ̲
˵Ѻʱ仹¹δŮʣ̲Ҳһֱˣֻܽҽʥǰͷš
ʱУҽʥָ֪֮ϣиֳŨŨľȣ૵֣ˡ
ֻһĹ򣬲ڵĹƳʧˣƶҲһ˿ʣ
ⲻһλľҽܹġ
ƶĵطڣҽҪй֮ˣҪĴۡ
չƳ壬ڵĹƶҪλĵ徳ҽңķȫǵľҽߣҪࡣ
ЩҽȴûһʧȥΪ
ǻ˽Ҳ񲻵ľΪôġ
ԹʵȲˣʵô
ҽʥ΢΢һЦ˵·ģ޴󰭣ֻҪСģҪЩ֮ͽпɳ֮
֪⿴ûŵʵҽʥǰôˣ
ҽʥ˿ڻ˯ŵ˵Ҳްֻ͸֧أú˯һɣǸ߾ҽߣ˯˵õĻָʽҪԼͺá
Ŀŵ뿪֪ƶֻ壬й֮ʱӦѵİɣɷ֪ϷλСôģҽ˵Ҫ
֪΢΢죬ܿҡҡͷ˵Ҳֻ֪˯һʱѾˣҽʥǰʲô⣬ǵ֮ɡ
ҽʥҲû׷ʣһ̫ҽ˳
Թʵۿ֪⣬˵֪⣬游ʹ
֪⿴ŵһۣǺñӣԹʵ鷿
Թʵ֮ϣʵ¶˭лɵ𣿡
֪ĬƬ̣˵Ӧǻ֡
˵кܶλ֣ڻ֮ǰӷŵģֻкͬͬĸʢ
ϣͷ
ӦþǸʱ¹Ƶġ
ûº˻ỳɻ֡
¾дѡҲǻ֡
Թʵ۱۾Щ˵ĺöӰȻöµ֡
ãŻ۾˵
ƹӡĻ¹٣ܿ
Թʵۿ֪⣬˵ȵ֮ʱڰٹټ֤֮£ʽĴλ㣬ڿ²ܵȵǸʱˡ
ϵһʥּеİȥ
£ʥּ֮ϣɢĹâ
Թʵڣһǿ𽥰롣
֪ϣȴһϢѸ
һڶ徳֮ƿ˵·𲢲ڣת˲ʱ䣬ϣʹ˿ȵϢ
һϢֻһ˲;صڡ
ͬʱԹ֮ڣҵ徳ϵǿߣ֪˻ʹһļµ
Թʦ
λߣͬʱ̧ͷһۻʹķ
˿˵Ȼǵ
Թʦʵ֮ܽΪ֮ǰ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵޽С
ȻҲһ̶ϸı˵ǵ۷壬Ҳһ㡣
ܸıĹˣҲֻе߾ˡ
һеˣȴҡ
ϣ̫̫ˡ
鷿ڣԹʵ۴վ¹Ҫǰȴ˻̧֣˫ۣԼ壬˿˵ûôɹˡ
ߵ֪ǰЦ˵ʵʹѾˣԹͽˡ

ʢ
ʲô֪ˣ
õϢ֮ʢϲ˵ͺãͺá
߻Ĵϵ֮ɫųҧ˵ǲ˵ԶѲ𣿡
Լ׸磬ҲѲ˭ȥ
ѡƱĿ˳ġ
ͶһƱ֮ǰ֧ĹԱȫѡҲӵиĻᡣ
ܶܣΨû
ڰУһӰ߳ĬãſڵҲû뵽½ֻһλ徳ҽңġ
ʢŭˣô죬ǻֶ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵УѾûˣڸղţԹʵѾǰλƳû취ٽӽ
ʢ˲ϡ
Ҳ˵ûκλˣ
һۣ˵Ϊ֮ɡ
źʧڵڣʢصһȭӵķϣҲήȥ
ʱһջڡ
һӰŶ룬Ϸ֮ҡͷϧˣǧû㵽Ȼ˿ԽƶλԹĹĹϵ֮ڣӦòʲô仯
һǰȴӰ˿ڲ裬˵޷ģǽʱ֣ҲΪ塣
۾˵Ĺλ״ԪỵǸ鰡

ıûɲصĺ
ԹԱ˿ͱ֪ǰλѾȫӹܳ¡
ԽʼԹӭµʱ

ŮʱڴߣĿŻڳ˯еŵ
ҽʥ˵ûдʼգʶѵģֻ޷塣
ԣһֱ֪߷ʲô
ҽʥһѾ׾ΪԼҪѵȥ
ֱĳ֡
һֱܵġ
ʵҲˡ
Ȼɲ֪ôԼģʵǣΪ˾˺ҪĶ
һŮ߽˵£һλεĹҪںͽš
֪ɡ
Ƭ̺߽ڴϵŵʱ첽ܹŵôˣ
֪͵ιﲻصģֻǻ˯ȥˡ
ŵ֣ܵڷġ
ٴο֪ʱϸֳ֮ɫ
һֱУ޸֮Ůӡ
˿̣ȴȫ͸ˡ
ϣϢޣһļµĸо
֪⿴˽һ֣ʵ˹֮䣬ǡ
˵๫
ֱ죬ڿֱ׳˵仰
๫ǰǣǣԺҲǡ
֪촽˶ʲôû˵Ĭúվ˵֮ǰιɣˡ
֮߳ͷһۣĿЩӡ

ŵ۾͸֧ĸоѾʧ
þޱȳ棬ƺֻһܳΡ
ֻʣǧյ˵ǲΡ
һε徳ҽΪԹõԪȫȥˡ
ֻҪû£һжֵõġ
˵ʱԲĶ£⼸µŬǰĺ·Ҳ᳹׶ϵ
Ӵܡ
޵֮У֮ڣֻһˡ
һӰӵ˿ŵ̿첽ߵǰʵôˣûиоﲻ
ŵһڵ˵ûС
˿ߣ˵˯ҹ
弫͸֧£˯ôҲԼҽڣ˯һѪ
ʵû°ɣ
˰һۣ˵Լ˯죬˼ıˡ
Ťͷ˵û£
ŵ֣Ц˵ôԴˣ
΢죬Ե£ŭ˭Դˣ
ŵڻУ˵ҵȻùˣǧ£ԺһڴĴȥˣԹͶ
ѾںղŵˣŵĻ˭һˣһûӦأ
ŵ㲻ӦĻҾͰ͵͵ҵ߼ˣ߰ĸˡ
յҲ͵͵ˣ
ŵԼѡĻ飬ڻ鲻ɣ
ǰǺⱣ־ģȻô˵һʱЩӦһ쵽˶ŵĻɿ˳ȥ
úһӰ߽ŵ˵ˣôҪҪ̫ҽ
ŵЦˣԼǴ򡣡
Ӵչһ壬˵õģҵѾ׻ָˣ㣬ûʲôĵطǹƶ
֪ҽʥѾΪϹˣ˵ڵĹƶѾȫˡ
ŵ֪⣬ܾ֮ǰһˡ
ϦദôãŵʮϤġ
˿̵϶һ˿˵Ϣ
ϢŵֻڴĺԹλʵϸܹ
֪⣬ʵѾǻˣ
֪˵ͷ˵ոǰ˴䡣
Ϊ½ǿ֮һԹʵ۳λеΪѹŵѾȫ͸ˡ
뵽һ飬ŵ֪һڡ
Ȼĵ֮Уֶһ
ڵֵܶ࣬ģȴΪǿķҪǿ
ȵľ۷塣
Ȼݺҡ
ѹôıʿѾ˼Ҫӵ¡
Сııңıı֮ݺеϽݾ
Ůλݺ뾳ǵľ۷塣
ˣŵɾò
ԹȻʵģҲǳλ˵ռ˰ٷְٵĹͣٷ֮ʮаɣЩֱͣӽ徳ˡ
ȴôһ㡣
ˡ
飬Ҳû취Ͷ߸ˡ
֪ȡһݸŵΣ㡣
ʲô
ŵһ䣬һöƴСĽƣֳģһצֻһ֡
֪ΪģƾöƣԺޡ
ŵбͳƣƺĸˡ
ޣ仰жٷʮ
ȻǱ˵ӳ購ҲûȨ
Ů׿ڳϵģŴƣԹ񸱻ʵۣһ֮£֮ϣԶʲôȨܱȵġ
ŮţѱأԹǿΪΪ
ǲܸЩģôãе᲻ˡ
֪Ƴһۣ˵ҿɲ˻ʵۣѵˡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣ʵˣ
һ̣Ͼ¶Ȼ֮ɫʱΣһʱˣֹƶֻ壬йߵʶʼնѵġ
֪⿴ʵôҶ㻹ɣҪҪ濼һ£Թһ˽ļ˶ӹ


344 ʦĵڶ
Ѿڶǽˡ
ŶһΣֻǹ
ѾŮˡ
˵ʵŵĶ
ŵۿַһߵڵλãһϸ׿Լҹڳ˵ĸо
ԼҹŮܱȱ˼ҵĻʵҪס
ԺҪԹչҲȻȥһˡ
ŵЦЦ˵һ濼ǵġ
û̴Ӧ֪Щʧȴûбֳ
ŵʵ鵽˭¹Ƶ𣿡
֪ҡҡͷ˵û޴ɲ顣
ŵеƣöƣǻȨԹûʲô鲻˵ġ
ŵҰɡ
ӦԹΪľǲ鰸ƾ
һ죬Ѿ˺ܾˡ
ŵ뿪ʹᳵ·̲
μ£
ŵʾƵʱ̲ĹԱһƬ
Թĸ߼ԱڴƲİ
£ǰԹΨһӵöƵǹʦֶһˡ
̲ĹԱŵѾϤˣ˳ľͽ̲
Ƭ̺̲÷֮ڡ
ŵϵ֣˾þõĳĬ
Ѿڴѡʤ£ѡ͵һΡ
λӣΪȵߣȻֵûɵġ
ԣŵԵģĸ
ϡ
ҲԤϡ
ʢ
֮ڣһƬظ衣
ٶ죬֮Уľ輧Ťǵ֫ʢҸ§һλ輧ŮƣȻתɵʢĿС
գʢɫʢˣ˿
ȻѾλһңүҲδһ¡
ֳ棬ǰʢ֣񲻹ػ
ֽе߳ʱ򣬼Ӱӵ⻺߽
ͣ
һԱ˵һ䣬Ӵص˶ߡ
ڵʦǣֹͣࡣ
輧Ҳͣ赸ɫš
ʲôʲôʢ˴ü両ֳһ˿ã˵ͣʲôֽ裡
Щʦ輧ûĻŶӣãȻߵ˵⡣
ʢѾĿ·ļӰͣΪλ˵ϣʵʲô
ŵǰ˵ʢ£漰ıŮһһ˰ɡ
ʢ˼֣ŭ˵ʲôƨŮʱҵãͬһʣͬһĸһẦԼǲ鰸Ȼ鵽ͷˣ
ŵƽĿ˵ʲô̲˵ɡ
ʢվһƷ̲ʲôʸץ˵ıŮʣʲô֤ݣ
ŵûйϻóƣǰ˻Ρ
ŮʣץȷҪ֤ݡ
ŮˣץҪ֤ݣŮʲǰ׵ˣ
̲Աǰɷ˵Ľʢ¡
̲ȷûʸץʢڣƷϵĹԱ̲ûʸֱץˡ
ֱֳͽƣ£Ļʥּһ޶һһƷʲôץģ
ס֮ʢڲϵ
Ǵ󵨣
Ůʱµ׸磡
ģͽôң
ҪŮʣҪ֪⣡
ֱץ̲ΣʢץդĽкš
ʱһӰſڻ
ǵӰʢӿֳһ˿ϣ˼֣ˣŵݺ֣Ƿң
֪ߵǰĿ⸴ӵĿʵ֣ݺ𣿡
ʢæȻ׸磬ֻһˣң
֪⿴ûκοǣ˵
ǰȥݷùʦӹʦ֪һЩ顣
һҪֳ
һǽһָġˡ
˭ˣ
Ӧ˭ȻҲ迼ǡ
ʢȻֹ
֪⣬ŵҴСųģʶ˶ʮ꣬Ըһʶˣ׻֣
֪ûش⣬ֱֻƳ棬ʲô˸ģ
ʢ۾ĿУһЩ
Ȼһ
Ѿ֪ˣԼµĹơ
Ǻ˵˾һʧֻҪйƣҲѲʦҲ㲻Ļ֮ˣʧˣȻԹңү
һ仰ԡ
ˣԼҲ¶ˡ
Ŵһ۵ʢûٽƱ硣
ſηդӽ𽥱ƽһЦ˵ôˣȱҵģ㹼ҵΣұеЦҵԵȥĸ𣡡
䣬Ǻ˵ġ
ѾΪеһ̣⼸ʱ޿̲ĥ˿̵˵з˼֡
֪⿴Ъ˹ʢĿиֳһ˿ӣܿͱļᶨ˵ҶԵԹİա
ʢ˳ǣЦգʲôգʲôԼҵĽڣҪģϵȨǵΪѾõһУ̬ҿŶģ
֪˲иֳһˮͷĨĨ۾תȥ
ŵǿųʢ޵뷨Ҫǰ뷨ˣ
ʢһʲôʸ˵ңͽǰƴӣҪĹƻô㵽׶ʲôˣ
ž
ŵûסһεıӰʢϡ
֮ޣڣʹ꣬ʢ㱻ʹιȥڵϣָŵ岻ͣĶ£ȴһ仰˵
ŵúϻʵƳ˭ģ
ʢش𣬵Ӻȴƣѿڵһˡ
˵꣬ס죬𾪵Ŀŵ㣬ʲô
ŵʵʲôݣ
룬ǲ㡭Ҳ֪ʲôݣҵġ
ô¹Ƶģ
Ҳ˵ϣҳžƣƳͷϣ

ʢ˫죬ɿŲη䣬Ŀ⾪Ŀŵ
е⣬ش𣬵Ӻ죬һѿھ˵˳
ŵĮȻò˵ݺҺͷңǾ䡣
ԺʲôӣͲ÷Ѿ˼Ѱ֤ˡ
һУҲֻжͨˣǵ;Ч
ΪԽߣ־ԽᶨݺҾԽѿ˼룬ͬ׸𲻵ʲôãֻںϺ£ȡǱĬķ
ʢֺ־ûʲôΪģԲ򵥴ֱķʽ
ʢ󣬹Ȼָʹ
Ȼ֪ҲûıҪ
ŵһۣת뿪
Ůʱ¸ղź뿪ӣŵЩģڻʹһȦûҵջصСԺп
Ժʯԣͷʮʧ䡣
ղʢ˵һȷ̫֣ŵߵǰοʢղ˵ĻֻȨ뵽ҲֻȨΪ˶һ
ŵû˵꣬˽ŵ£ʵңҲΪȨҲΪΪ
ϾԼɵŮʣŵҲֻԼ塣
һļһ߰ο֪֪ʢһаյģҪȻҲ޳Ȼ˲ˣǲֵΪġ
ŮʱȻӵߵĵλʵ̬Ȼϸ
ĻʵôĵĻ춼ϴ档
ʮ겻ϳٰ֪պͳڱģ
ʱ򣬾Ͳòˡ
ܶҲǸøʲôʲôһӰ졣
ڣѾûˡ
ǵٻʵۣ̬Ҫ
ŵΪᣬ˵ɲУʵۺ͹һʵ۾Ҫʵ۵ӣЩǧҲᱳܶǹܲס˵죬ֻģ񡭡
ڻ֣֪һֱиӵ
ô˵ȷǲʵ
ԼС׸磬ı֣һǻί޴йؿڿһѾƽࡣ
ᡰšһ˵֪ˡ
˶ûٿڣ֪ŵؿڣԺڵգҲһ˿΢ı仯
Ȼ䣬ɫ΢䣬Щҵ˵ңˡ
˵꣬ŵǰռһ󲨶֪Ӱʧ
ЩĽĿһĻȵҽ徳Ҳô㡣
ŵתͷ˴߽
Դӽʦ֮·һ㶯ûˡ
߽Ժӣվŵɫһ죬ʶתܣԺȴȻԼϡ
ŵԺߵǰʵ㵽ʲô˼
ȥˣЩ飬Ҳ̯ˡ
ңʵʲôʲô˼
ŵʵΪʲô͵͵ң
˷ʵΪʲô͵͵ң
ŵΪϲ㰡
һ£ɫת죬֪ôشͦأ˵๫Լ๫ôˣ
ŵǣ֣ʵͬˣ
˺һ˵ʲôͬⲻͬģʮǰ๫ˣֻ㲻سŵȢһһ
˵ʲôŵᷴ
ӵ뻳Ŀӣ̲ס۾ż⡭
һ֮Դŵؿڣܿ췢ؿЩʪۣ֮⣬һϤŮ
̧ͷŵü˵ζǸղŸʲôˣ
ŵȻԽͣϾװ׵ģʲôԽΪҲ¼Ȩǵѡ
׷ݵһǣҲǵĹǵ
ǰѾμ˺ˣĽܶȸߣ˲ûкƽϣοҲûʲô
룬˵ҪһʽĻ񡣡
ŵȻ
Ƿ˵ġ
ֲҪһμ˻׵ʱ򣬸ʢĻ񡭡
ϴγ׵ʱ򣬰ԳĹƳ޵ģɳ͢ﱸһжǶеĶ䣬ҪеѶȡ
ŵ˵ͷ˵취
ҲҪ˫̥
Ŭɡ
漰⣬ŵԼǸ߾ҽңҲܱ֤
ҪȥԹĹʦһ㣿
˹ŵĲӣ̧ͷЦӯӯ
ίһ̣ƺôҪˡ
Թʹ鷿
֪ڿϣ֧գĿЩʧ
뿪ӣԽԽˡ
⼸£Ѿϰߣûûʵ
һŮٴ߽£񲿷ࡣ
ֱ֪壬˵
Ƭ̺һλ׷߽μ£
񲿷ϳ֪֣˵
л¡
ٴιһŮٰϡ
֪ʵкҪࣿ
ǰ꣬Ϊѡ£ƴǣѵǴλǸΪʼɽпǿˡ
֪΢΢һ㶣޸ոռλкܶҪ£ݺɡ
ʷ򣬿ȹ𢣬͢˼
֪ˣ֪ˣ޻ϸǵģû飬ˡ
վ˵ˣ¹غͳ˼ǡ
ߺ֪ٴƳ°ͣ΢΢̾˿
ǹ֮ʱ񲿾ʹ߻Ρ
ԴĵİͬûлΪɣһһΡ
£ָʲôأ
鷳ңƲĿɨ鷿ϵһʱȻͣ¡
Ľ䣬ѵż顣
Щѷŵ룬һҳУƺʲôŸۡ
Ǳȡмŵһŷ⡣
ŷķ֮ϣдĸ֡
֪
ʮϤģʦּ
ΪʦһţѾδλá
ѵϻλ㵽ˣ
ˣô鷿
ȲĴţϵݣ㵵촽΢ţһҲѸٱ졭


345 
Թ

ſڸոһŸʾĻʢıŮ֤ȷ䣬̲ؼؼӦд
ŮʱʴȣѪ֮飬һֻǰľλʢҲ²ҵȫɹ⣬ʢˣҲĽУ̤ʹһ
Ůڵǻ֮ǰЩֵ̣˾֪
ֱգĻףǻ²ⲻѡ
˵ǰģΪŮ֮⣬ڳеĵƱߡ
˵ʢģȻŮʵֳŮ£ѡ¾Уԭ֧ŮʵĹԱܴ֧ʢҲкǿĶ
ҲһֳΪʢѾӣԻλģȴ룬ֻαװ
İչԱ۴¡
ŮλʢҲΪȴý֮³ʵá
ʹ

Ůʵ޹գŵҲס
Ůʱ£ŵһԪ
ʢԻ˵Ѫ
һλһƷһǧ
Ȼ̣Ĵ˵Ҳû̫ˡ
ץʢǽǿʼ
ԹԱȨ󣬵ȥץ
ڶ֮ǰһЩҪ
ŵǰһġɡ
Թɷʹĵɷϸͬϲ𲻴
ɷ֮УǴڵģԱȨǷԽҲͨٻ߽ķʽ̷
Ϊңẉ̂ȻǲϿɵġ
ڴɷĸĸûҽôףĵĹԱȨǣô׵ķԼȨ
ûлʵ۵֧֣ǽɷǰƶһСǼ䲻׵ġ
ŮʲŸոյǻ׷ϳ̣ΧĶ
ŵֻԼˬˣһʰ̯ӡ
飬Ҫһһ֮ܲ
Թֻ̲꣬ܽĵ̺̲꣬ѾǺܴĽƶɷĸΪҲԶץҪࡣ
֮ĵλȹ̣Գ͢ƿ㹻һһճȡ̡
⣬ͽ̵ޣŵҲ㶯һ
ĵͽ꣬Թ꣬ĹôüӵʮϣڷϿɵ£ҪԹɷͷβĴһ顣
ڴά裬ԹΪΪ
պ
ʹſڣһŸʾ
Ůʱµǻ֮еĵһ
¹ѻ»λƵǺܳ顣
ŮʵĵһѻԹ֮ϡ
ƶȣȥֻ̣ͽ̡
ǶĹ٣ߵȨ󣬷ϵҪɷƲá
ңĽҲ˴ĵ
һֻ̣ûһӾҪһǧ
һͽ̣Ҳһǵһǧ
ʮĲࡣ
ˣͽ̵ޣ꣬ǵʮꡣ
Ҳ˵һӾͱˡ
ԭֻҪȥͽ̣Ҫ
Щӵ̵ȨҲղôӡ
ʹ÷ɱֱɬĹٻȨӵܣҲõĸòõóôӣԸԸЩǮ
λԱ͵ĳ͢»òһ飬ôǴġ
ʹùȨǼܣŮλĵһѻ𣬾յͷϣҲΪǵһѻ˭Ҳҷԡ
һȻΪš
˭ͷͷ񣬾ҪбɱӺ׼
ȻȨܵһЩӰ죬Ҳǲܽܣ˭ûҲȥɷ棬ֻҪԼԼã飬ǵӰ첢
ȨǵĲܣİգһ˷쳣
޹أЩϵ˵Ȩ
ŮʱµģȻŰյģǻĵһЩȨԱȨ
֮⣬͢Ϣܸã̲£Լʷ̨ӽϿʼΪһµж
ԩѡӦű
Уطôһ㰸漰Ʒ¹Աİ̲𣬴¸ƷƷƷϣɵʷ̨һȨйصİӣ¸
֮ȡԡ̣족
ÿһţලձűκƴǡ
жвգĹԱʮ֮࣬ȨΪ̫أңöǰһƬкá
ȻڹԱǿһ⡣
»λΪĸ϶ҪһϴģЩԱ˼λӵĲֳӯ˹⣬ôȻöԡ
ң֪λ״Ԫ޷ҵġ
ΪŮλ󹦳Ůʴ˾٣Ҳе˼
˵λ״ԪŮλ֮ǰвٹĴԣŮʾʲôϵ֪סŮ޹Ϳɼһߡ
ԷңŮִѡΪʷָô죿

ʹ
һǿҵд
ŵվڵڣһ̤˵ԭʧʱѾڵĹ㳡֮ϡ
ٴһֻص˴֮ڡ
ӻΪεسɴ磬̤˵徳
УңȷҪ׵öࡣ
ӵľ徳ֻҪһɷץˣɵͻơ
ķ֮·Ҳ׵ģĪ뾳֮ǰ
һɷȻֻ֣ȴûô
Ϊзˣһλʵܡ
һӰڵڣ֪⿴˵ϲ㰡
ŵЦ֮ôͻƣлл㡣
û֧֣ɷĸжǲƽġ
֪ҡҡͷ˵ҪлӦҡοЩʹӦġ
ŵʵǴʲôʱȥ
ŵ룬˵֮ڰɡ
ԹΪ˷ҵС
յĿѾﵽѹƼ
֮ҪƳٰ£ȻҪһΪ
֮½ϣ徳Ҳǿ׳һ϶ѣصģûжеĻˣȻҪԹ죬Ѹץ˶ץˣе˶ˡ
ŵŮʱҲץһ
ץһΣ֮ϣܴĻ
Ҳܶһơ
ĻʵۣʵԶͨĵǿģ׵һжǵĹ֮ڣһҲδɡ
ڵǴ½еУʵڵǿߡ
Σ¶һΪὫեֻʣһ죬Ҳǻġ
ֻһһε徳ΪҪһǧ죬һҪһ𲽡
ڵһһεģŵԹ£뽫֮ǰʧȫ
Ůʱ֮⣬Թʦ⡣
ңɲʲôʱܼġ
಻ѹ˵ʲôʱõŵûʲôȤܽת˵ͷֱǾ䡭
ѴڣʦԹպͳеĵλڹ֮ϣǻʵۣҲץ
֪Ŀ棬˵Ǽ£㿼ǵôˣ
Ѿˣŵһʱ֪ôشòŵҿ϶ҪȻشĵģǻУʱܱ
֪˵ͷ˵Ҳǡ
֮ڣ˾þõĳĬ
ŵƳĬ֪⣬˵ɲ԰Ҹæ
֪ûѯʸ࣬˵ͷ˵á
ŵҪæܼ򵥣ֻҪ㴥ɷŵץȻԼʡһСᣬϾͻĻˡ
ȻֽΪΪʲôȴܻĻ
ҲŵõһСbug
֪⣬͵һԣʵۣΪ᲻ĶһЩ
Ļʵۣ仰˵ڣŵԼȱһ󲻾
֪ȴֻʵӦô
ŵ룬˵ɷЩ̫ʣҪЩƤڽϣ
µġڹҪʮģһʱҪһĹ
ֻҪԼԼŵĿľʹﵽˡ
Ƭ̺˳ڹһͷ
Ϊ˲ɧңŵݺҵΧİƺһ㣬ֱ߹
֪Уһ㽶
е㽶ƺ뵽ʲôϸֳһ˿ײĺΡ
һһ룬ֻ㽶֪⽫㽶Ƥڽϡ
ŵץ˵£һ֮ô֪ء
̲
Ρ
̲Ասսվη֮⣬֪ºλʲôȻѱ¹ؽ˴Σұ¾ô˳
˿̣ǵԺУѾϷ롣
ŵվηդ⣬üͷ΢
ûá
ϲûгĻ
ܿ뵽ԭ
ҽʥЩʦŵֻǸΥɵδֱӽĵһпܷĽ
ΣŮʱȫָʹΥɵġ
䲻Ҳ
ŵηţ˵Ȼȥɡ
֪֣ŵǰһֳ
ŵȻҲֱӿԽռ䣬ȴƶôԶм䲻ʲô谭һϣʼҵҪĶࡣ
֪⿴ŵʵô
ŵҡҡͷ˵УҲָʹôûõġ
֪⣬˵ҪΥɷǡ
ŵû˵ͱ죬ʾ̫ࡣ
֮ҪΥɷץֲʾ΢ԵİʾУһ˵ͻղһͽ޹
֪˼Ƭ̣˵ͷ˵ˡ
һ̣ŵȻ֣Ҳܶˡ
һǿڵݺҽ֮ǰ֮֮ͬ£ȫ޷ֻֿʩΪ
֪ż⣬촽ϴĴУŵ۾Ȼ
һ̣ʲôˡ
ոմˣԶԶĿŵڵһĻ
һ˲֮ŭڡ
δ
סڣ


346 Ůʵѡ
Թǿڡس̶ȣͽ̻Ǿۡ
ŵ޸ĵɷ
Ů
ûͬ£Ůʱǿ
ˡ
Ϊ΢ϣʮ¾
һΣŵûиκйصİʾ
ûȥ֤񵽵ûã˾ʹ߽ǿнǷֿŭǣʵڸʲô
ŵˣ˵˵У𣿡
Ƭ̺
ŵ̨ϣͷһۣŽգûκ֪˵ʲô
Ůʻôȷʵû뵽
Ϊû뵽Ч
ͷɣҲǵһˣϴŵΪ˾Ϊ˰ŵ
һһ㳶ƽ
ڣ˫ֲĹĵڰУѵ취𣡡
֪ҡҡͷ˵ǸղѾԹˣûʲôãֻܳ²ߡ
ŭҲܣܡ
֪⿴˵Ϊ˱ʾǸ⣬ǵĻҰǳﱸȻ֪޸ʱ򣬻жôʢ󣬵ұ֤ǵĻ񣬻ǵĸʢ󡭡

촽˶ĻҲ˵ˣСʵ㣬͵˵ˣ
֪Сġ
Ŀŵ棬ͷת
Ӧһ˵ɷӦҵĴˣǱ˲˶ӣҲϣĻ񣬿֮ʢӵġ
Ҳ֪Ըڴĺʵ֡
ŵμĻǴĻʵôĳ͢ġ
ĻҲɳ͢ﱸҲܱȴĹĻʢ
ԹͲһˡ
֪ԹĻʵۣ˵ʲôʲôԼԸпԹʵֵġ
Ĭ֮촽֪⣬˼˵ԲҲ֪ڰУղŵ̬Щã⡭
ŵ̨һĵžʹˡ
˺Ůִ߳ŵĿɿڴ
Ů˺Ů֮Ĺϵʱ⡣
֪ⲢǷְԸˣԹС꣬棬Ҳûзչʲô飬Ϊεĳͻֶˡ
ѵǲʶ
ŮʱδŵͬǿԹµɷҪģŵΪܺˣԸ½⣬ֻҪԼ鷿ʡһʱ´עͺˡ
̤鷿һ̣˱仯
⣬Ļ񣬹Ȼ˷֮ϡ
֪⿴ŵʵ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ȻΪǳ΢ȷʵõġ
ʵΪΪûĻ񣬿ɱȵΪô
һ飬ŵһص˵ҸղڽϿ˭ˣ
ŵʵ˭
˵Ǹ˼ң
ʵղžҪ֪ŵģȴǼˡ
ŵɫ΢΢һĽʣλߣضǵҡ
ңһеǿԽԼתƸˣͷãŵ취õ
ԹʦҲǵң̫⣬Լһ׸ԹŮʣҲö㹻𾴡
ŵ֣ܶȻŮʵܵӰ졣
λңȴһܺõĿꡣ
֪⿴ˣʵ˵ʲôˣ
ŵڵһңΪܲڹʦ
˵֪֮˼Ƭ̣ʵң㾡ȫĻܹǰյĽ𣿡
ŵҪĸˣһЩСһЩǿ㵽ģĹˣǱȻ㲻ġ
Թʵ۾ǵˣϵ
ԹĹʦֻǵң㵽յĽλﻹõôãһԾˡ
ƴǿҪ㣬Ҳй¶Ļᡣ
뵽λߣŵ֪⣬˵Ҫٰһæɡ
ʱŵ뿪鷿
֪ȡһż㣬Ŀݡ
ʦСʱ򣬾һֱˡ
ѵ˵Ǹʱ㵽˽յĽ
ʦ顣
ĪΪȹʦҪߣ
Ǳֻҵʥˡ
ĿŹʦʬճɻңĹǻңҲǰҪ֮С
ʦϵţȴԽԽࡣ
ϵĻҪҪ
ܿ죬˾
ΪԹҲֻܡ

ͷ
ƣԵ
׼ҪǮ
һʮģۣͯ
ĳֽǣ̯ǰһٿ·ˣʱʱߺȼ䡣
ʱһۣǰԵġ
λԣǿܻеȤ̯λǰģȴһʮ߰Ĺŷ
Сʱȥֻţ˵С֮󣬷׷ҡͷȥ
Ů̾˿ͷʵүүǲ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ˡ
˵ָһ㣬ܿһ˵δ
ߵһ㶼ı䡣
ͼȶȣδ֪ˣ档
ϵʱԼһԡ
˳š
ûпţŮĵİͭǮ
Ȼ䣬ǰһƬӰ
Ų浶ӰվǰΪ׵һ죬үˣ˵ﲻ̯һ˰ɡ
Ůͷߡ
ָһ㣬ϵıЩ㵡
㲻
㲻ԭ򣬲Ǵǣͬ׵ǿߡ
Թǣֻλ
ųλֻ֮ʣŮʱһλ
Ůʱ˭ֱߵĺ֪ͯ
վ֣˵߰ɡ
үΪ֤̲һʱʮǮһʱֱ֮˳
̲߳߿˻ʹһۣ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣСӡ


ߵĻڳ˷֮ϡ
Ȼ˿ŵڣûҵΪҵ֪ʶȴʮַḻ
ҼأЩ伮ϣֻǳԵĽܡ
һЧڣŵúһЩЩ֪ʶ
ڲмϵÿһɵ۶ͬҲΪ۵ĲͬңŴͳһѡ
⼸ϵиеۣ˵ԷΪϱɡ
ֹɣΪ춨ǿġ
磬ĳ˻һҳ֣ǰΪһʱ䡣
ԱۣΪɸı䣬ҸıΪڸ֮ڡ
Ǽţ磬ӵ֮ʱ־Ѿע
ɻΪڲ֮ϣһλ֮
Ƭ½磬һһľһɽһʯеģλе֮Դ
ҲƵĹ۵㡣
ķңΪԼ˼룬Ҳеķ򣬶ƶҾά壬ӶԷΪ
ͬ۵ģд˵еҡ
ֻǿδҲǸټ٣ֻһ֧ʣܸдһ˾ؤʵۣûʵΪؤʥʧȥΪͨһ˲ʥû߸
ֻ֮䡣
ΪҲһλֻͷҵĹ۵㲻ͬͼţʵһ飬һдܸ֮С
ҹĻ٣ŵ෢Դ
ңʵ̫ѧˣŵ̽£ļź͸ȫӿԺʹŵ˼ңֹͣ̽
ѹ޵󶼷ˣ޵󣬼᲻Լͬ˼˭Ҵıʲôеġ
ЩĴ𰸣Ҳ֪
ֻ߾ʱ򣬲ܽҿһصɴ
ŵȥЩ⣬˼ѧ¼壬˭˾׶Էһڡ
ǰͰʱ򣬶˭˾һ·Ŀǰˣûе̶ֳȡ

ʱ£̲ºſڣ𽥿ŶӸ״Ķ顣
ȥĴ£нλԱȨ󣬱͢á
̲ʹµĹԱΪƾĹԱĿʮλϡ
Ůλ֮ĵһѻ
ĵڶѻҽƸϡ
ŮѾʽּƶҽƸĸ֮ڣһĹҽݣѾҪϣȷÿһλգϲ𲡡
⣬͢ĶĸҲȲƽ֮С

ŵŻϵ֣³뿪ġ
³ţ뿪ңѾˡ
ԱȨΪСʧҲȫ˻ж
֮ô죬ɷ޸ġ
Ѿ֤ȷͨ޸ɷڣø档
Ȼܹͨ˵Ҳãԭ̡̫
ʮͽ̣һµ
ŵϲǣ޸ͽ֮ӵޣҲ˱仯
ƺڷ俴̲Ӧñͽӵ١
ͽֻ꣬ʮ졣
ͽʮ꣬̿Ӷʮ졣
ͽʮ꣬̿ʮ졣
֮ͽӵ䡣
Ҳ˵һλͨķˣΪһµ
ʮλ̷Ϊһꡣ
һֱ÷̫٣һλ˵Ϊʮ죬Ҳ̫ˣڿȫûշ
ҪԼġ
ص֮һҪеģɷĸĸ
һʼʱ̲ºµĹԱææ
⼸죬Ѿûж°ˡ
ŵΪѾͣͣҲʱûȥˡ
鷿ڡ
֪£ֱ΢΢һһīߡȾ
վʵҪˣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵Թ꣬Ҳʱȥˡ
֪û˵ʲôֻʵʲôʱߣ
ŵ졣
̧ͷѿڵô죿
ŵشֵͷԹԵ˵ôãӦȥˡ
룬˵Ұǻȥ
ŵ˰֣˵á
ԹͻشģȻֻ˲꣬ȴȫһˡ
ǵ徳ʦŵԼҲзҵ徳ΪݺҲеľ۷壬ܶǲвģֻе
ǻȥλ徳Ļȫ𲻵ʲôá
֪뵽˵ʵ˵ǳԹɡ
ŵܾ֪ȴûиܾĻᣬ˵ɡ
ŵҲû˵ʲôĻͣΪʡȥܶ·ʱ䡣
ΪҪ뿪ϵʱ֪ŷһʢķˣΪС
˶˲پƣŵ⣬ȴδơ
ٱ֮ҹҪЩΧġ
Ҳȵ˵ģ֪֣˵Ҫˣһ˯ɣһЩ˵
˲δԥ˵ͷ˵ð
Ƭ̺Ůʵ޵֮ڣ֪⿴ˣʵǴʲôʱɻ飬ǰǳﱸ
ЩȷʵԹͬ͢𣿡
֪ЦЦ˵ŮʣҪҵģǲͬ⣬ҾͷΪǲͬҲͬ⡭
˱ֱۣж֪á
֪Ϩ˵ƣ˵˯ɣ컹Ҫ·ء
ڴϣ˯ڵŮʵߣʮַģܿͽ硣
ĺƽȣԣ֪ŵ۾ȴ
ҹ
һ䡣
ڻʹŮ޹֮ڣŵȻõʲôɱص֮󣬾ʹ˯
˯е֪һӰѾϢĴߡ


347 س
峿
ŵ۾Ӵչһ壬¶ЩãȻ֮ɫ
ҹ˯ĺܺãһ˯
˯֮ȴоûô㡣
ѵΪΣ
Թ⼸£ֵ֪ס˶ջһֱԺãѾɻĹ˶ԣȷЩѰҽѧĽǶ˵Ǻġ
֮󣬺˼򵥵ʰһ¶һȴŮ³
ԹһУѾ䶨ڵȥʱˡ
ŵڴ˵ʵǺܸߡ
صģ๫Ͳһ˵ˡ
ͲԶԹҲ֪ǲܵġ
˽˵ĶԣռʱԶӵ
һ뵽ȥ֮󣬾Ͳ̾Ϣһŵ˵
ŵߵǰʵô
ʱھԶĳ֮ϣŮʱ¸ոگ
گ
һگ״ԪŵΪһƷΪѡȡ֮⣬Ҳҵݣ˵¶ķţǼĵġ
ĹͬǣԹдڽɽ𢣬Ҳλվָֻ
ټյĹԱΪһƷӹǵһΡ
һ⣬Թĳȴзߡ
һŮܹλŵĹûûнյŮʡ
йҪйȻҲҪ͡
֮ʱλߵıʿͼıǻλķ͡
ʱŮߣֻһˡ
Ůλ֮Ҳ쾭塣
ΣŵŮйԹĽɽ𢣬Գã԰գ˾޴Ĺס
Ǽ˾ĽȫҽƵУǱؼĸƣ׮׮ڵǧûд֮ҲǾ˵ùȥġ
ûзԣҲΪԼĿǡ
ĹȨ϶ŻѪ֮ˣ칦ͣҲܽȨ֮С
ԹֻҪµĹ㹻󣬾ǲԣҲܷ
˭ҽ·ΪС
ڶگǲΪšݡ
Թʷϣֻзͬգûйչӣڻʼҵļ£ҲøԤ
Ůʸλû죬Ҫŵ٣ļᶨӵߣûзԣĹԱ᲻۵ȥսŮʵȨ
糯飬Ҳ

ŵ˻ڵŮ³мŮŶ߽ǹһڡ
μ£
μݹ
ŵ˶һۣãȻ
һŮǰ˵үūλµġ
ŵ˿ѾʲôȻ
֪⾹Ȼˣ
Ҳ˹
Ůʰʲô͸ʲô֮ǰôһݴ
Ĵʹȣֱһϣһ¡
Ժ󲻻Թ˵ȥ
иǸޱȡ
μھǹǶг͢Ư·ʲôǣʲôûСҲǹˣ
Ҫǣǹμ˲ǡ
֪ð
ŵվԭأɼŮȥʱһӰӵ߽Ůæ񣺡¡
֪˻֣˵ɡ
ŵ˵ô飬ôҲǰһ¡
֪΢΢һЦ˵˵ĹҴӦģӦõģΪԹô࣬͵ĻԺ˭Ϊ£ⲻǶķͣҲǶԳļ
˵ĺеŵһʱ޷
Ϊһͻ¼ǽʱ߲ˡ
˷⹫֮⣬һլӣܵҪȥ
⣬ҪΪ·ȣŵνҪˣҪȵ·ߡ
ŵҲӺͰĽѾãԼģôܾôȥ
⼸գ֪ĹϵνͻͽҲӰ롣

ŵڷ俴飬˴߽һµľǰϡ
ӣŵչʾı˵Ưɣ
ŵһۣ㱻ɫıʯۡ
ıʯؼΣװһ䣬еһóֵǣһļֵǲɹ
ŵ𾪵Щģ
°ͣ˵֪ڻʼҵıġ
ŵ̾ð
ʵЩġ
ˣȻ֮䣬ͱá
׽ûס
ҪŮʱ£˺õĹ֣Ϊլӣȥʼҵıȷ˶ãŵʵǺ棬˵ʲô
̲סʳеɻ
¶Цݣ˵˵ԺԹлҪμĻʢ󡭡
ϴεĻѾǳٰˡ
ǲΪٰڶλģϴεĻʢ󣬿ҲֻԹŮ
ѹ˶̬תô죬ڻźִ
ȺѾˣһҪӮһǡ
˵ǵʱ򣬻ǵþټԹһˣ
ڿ϶ǲܾлģҪȥ֪ĸȻȵ˺Ͱºӣȵһ׵ҲǼ£Ժˡ
ŮʱĴһֺ̣֪·ŵҲֻס
ΨһҪˣôܲ
ˣ͸޷ˡ
֮⼸죬Ǻ֪һ˯ģٲȻѾ˽ڷ˵Ĺۡ
ң˶˶á
֪ȴֻá
һ뵽ֱжʱ˲ᡭ
֪ǲǺ˯ϰ˵ԭ򣬵֮ŵÿ𴲣һȻʧĸо
ÿϣƵΡ
뿪̫ˡ
֮񲿵á
˶·ʮ⣬ͬǹȫġ
˻ȥ࣬·ͱŵֶһĹҵĴ
ſڡ
ŵŰ֪⣬˵߰ɡ
֪΢΢ͷŵ˵һ̣˵Ӱԭʧ
ŵǰһٴγʱѾվĳٵ֮ϡ
ͷһۣԶĳǽ֡
һ˲䣬ƶʮ
ŵڵΪȻҲܽ˲ƶƶľ뼫̣ÿֻƶңҲڴ˵£һƶôԶ
ȻŮֻԹܷӳ
˱ʵһ붼Ӳ
ֻҪԹڣʵͻаٷ֮ٵԴԴϡ
֮ͬڣûһλʵ۵ϴ
˵Ӱոճڹٵ֮ϣٴʧ
һγʱʮ⡣
պ
紦һڵĴǰ
֪⿴űڵĽˮɿŵ˵˵Ҿǵɡ
󽭣Ǵĵؽ硣
ĻʵۣǾԲ뿪ԼҵĽģԹǲܵģԹʵѰĵߡ
˲ı˱˵һġ
ʵشġ
Թ๫һ˵ģжôõѣ᲻뿪
֪ļ˵ȵǻ׵ʱǾܼˡ
˵ֿ꣬ŵ˵ԹԶӭǻ
ˣ
ŵָһӰڶ԰
Ҳ֪˻֣һԾ̤նȥ
ٴζ˻֣һһͷ뿪
ֱ׿ǵӰ֪ջߣḧ˸ԼС̾Ϣ֮תʧԭء
Թ
ǡ
ĳԱĸ֮ۡڡ
һŹٷӴҴҵ߽լۡСԺԺеĺ˵ﴫϢǶѾ뿪Թˡ
̧ͷʵ뿪ģôڲ˵
ӽ͵û߹ţŮǵģҲǸյõϢ
Ȼվ
ԹŮͣʱ㣬Ǵ˿̣ӦѾľˡ
Թ⼸£ۼ֤λĹ״Ԫ
ʢѾλ
ʱ򣬷ֻʮּ򵥡
ֻϧĳ֣ǵıʧܣһЩشļƻҲòƳ١
˷ȥȻõĹ͢á
ǶԱĸĸܻԹҪ롣
Դκ˵ɲһϢ
ֻһˣɵǧ
ܸʲôۣȥ
Ϊã
Ҵ뿪⴦ֱۡ˶ǣһƫƧũׯһλԺУһ伮
˼ҳ̲֮ס̾ڣ˶⣬ͨ͸磬Ǿôɱˣ񲻿ϧ
Ŀڵμϣ
Ծڿ飬ڵϣĿѾ뿪ԹѾĹˡ
˷飬ĿüΪʲô˵
æ͵ǽһ磬ԹŮʻ뿪ģҲǸոյõϢ
˻վ˵ˣȥ׷Ҳü


348 Ҹ
ġ
ݡ
ݾ볤ǧȻԶģȷѪ꣬ҲѴ
ǰЩ꣬ݵطϵĹԱƴҪ
⼸꣬𽥷˹յԳĵҲٰƴǣ뾡ɣϧ¸˵ĹԱҪͿ˽ҲҪڵ١
һЩȨҲ½ᵽݡ
ڴĵĹԱȨ˵ǳٲȻѾΪ̶ѨһĴڡ
ɫһŮЯ߽ݳǡ
ϱŰһԹ·ķޡ
УӿΣŮسǵ̲ס࿴Ǽۡ
ŵ˺Ůʷֱ֮һ·У֮ǰϵݳǡ
׼ڳЪϢһټ·
ո߽ţһȺؤΧ롣
кãڳԵİɣ
ûԷˣĸ˿
ʣʣˣʩһɡ

ΪĵĹԱһĻŵָд
Ȼ֮⣬ֺγǴģ
Ǿ֮ߣм֪֮ࡣ
ֱһͷʣµͷȫָЩؤȻһջš
ڿջ֮ڣŵЩӡ
ƺںȻӰ죬ЩİΪؤоӿֳһֱԼҪıһе뷨
ؼؼιؼƽ£˵ĹȻûд뾳֮󣬾㲻ԼԸҲһƶȥЩ顣
ˣĸңҶ𾴵ġ
ڶ컹Ҫ·ľ˯ˡ
һ˯ʮְȣһ϶ûΡ
ϴ֮˼̡
˵ٶȣϢʱ䣬ݵա
ŵ¥˵䣬߳ջ
ſȥʱ˽Ųͬʱһ٣ĳһۡ
ڰп⡣
ŵδӶԷϸܵ˿вϢ
ʱûᣬǰһξ룬ǰ·Ȼ˶ס
׳˶Ӱǰ
Ϊ׵׳˵ȥǱߵȻҪǵ
˵࣬һС
·İտһĻ׷·ܡ
ԶѲֵĲ쿴ǣҲûпһֱת򣬼ʱķѲߡ
˵ֱνȴŵס
ŵ׳ԣ߽С֮ڣ׳˸ָ֮ŵİ˵ԼֵǮĶҪƴүǶ֡
ŵ֪ݿ϶ȳһ㣬Ҳû뵽ôҡ
컯գ٣ȫˣάΰĲ쿴ˣ޶ãɼѾҳʲôӡ
үͷ
˸ɽǶʱ䣬һ߽Ҳܶ顣
Щŵӣ̲ס֡
飡飡飡
ֻ죬С֮Уɳ˼Ӱ
ڽֽǵǽϿ֣صķϣӦѹεˮʱȻҲٲǵĺô
ܿ죬Ǿͷ˲ԡ
ڵϰģȻǼһ
˶һۣһ˿첽ǰʵʲôˣ
׳û뵽Ůӵ˵ãѾΪˣΪ׵ؿڣʹ˵ҪǵӣǲȻ֣
ǲ쿴ŵˣд컯գǾҵ٣﾿û
˵Ĺһ죬ѾһȺϵ
Ϊ׵ѯʣȵ쿪ڵ컯գ˹Ȼ٣ͳ죬콫£
˿̣һֵϣѾûаˡ
ֱߵĵ̣Ҳ˵ţһЩֻҽſ͵
ǹүĻУɵΪԷĬ
ˣһЩ˲¹ͷļһﶢϣƲѾõĽ֣ǵˣҲ׶༪ˡ
ٿŵˣʵ˵ǲģ
ָŵϵļ׳Ǻǣ˭ŸǷˣ㲻Լ𣿡
ٺһ˵ҿǸҪȻڵϵģôǣ
׳˵ԶԶԣϵİǵģ
˿һĻ׹ŭ֪ˣȫһģ
˻ȸ״ߣ
ŵɫѾѿˡ
Ѿǹٷ˹ᣬǹٷ˱ᣬڰ̶ȣֱ˷ָ
һҪǰ£Ȼ˫һֱֱĹȥ
٣Լ죬ܵһ޴ѹǿƲסĹȥҪȴԴ޷̧
ʶ
ŵ·ߵһ̯ϣ⿪һһĽǵϹٹ
뿪
ŵһӵĹ򣬽µĵȻ΢΢̯ϵĲ룬𶯵Ĳ֮£졣
ŵ̧ͷȥǰĽֵͷһߡ
ǲǺߣǺɫļС
еʿڽֵ֮ϡ
𶯣ܶĲġ
ǾԽԽһɱƣҲ
Ϣŵİ
ǱҵϢ
֮Ըʵųƣóģü
һλʿʵ޵ģǧ˽ɾܷӳͼֲˡ
Ҳ˱ᡣ
ʿÿ˵ϢڶΪ׵һ꽫٣Ҳŵľ
ɾϢȴõ徳ŵܵŨŨѹ
꽫ߵŵ󣬸ܵʩϵɫ΢΢һ䣬ѿڵң
ܵ˷ҵǵ徳ķ
֪ĵ徳ķңֻһˣǱǵ̲顣
ԴͷλˣȻǵƷԱ
ŵ⿪Щ˵ĽϵѹȻʧλٴӵλӣǿ˾ǣָŵ˵˵٣Ҿܲ콫£
ĸ
Ÿոͱһ߷ڵء
徳ķҵ٣Ǹ˵Ļ
ſڵϣû״ʱ꽫첽ߵŵǰ˱ȭʵǡ
ŵ̲Уŵ
꽫΢Ȼ̲ˣֻһ̲УȻзҵ徳Ϊ
ŵ֣ȷЩ죬һʱ벻
ŵŶԷһãȻŬ˼ӣ̾˿ٴεҸ
꽫һȻ˼֣˵ԭǴ֮ӣʧʧ
ŵôҲ״Ԫ״Ԫôû
ͨ
ŵһ䡰ҸʹøոոһλŹٷ˫һЩڵϡ
صոһ˵˵٣Ѳǵһǰ仰
ǲǰ棬ָŵ˵ˣ
ĸ
һƽ鵹͢Ҫ٣ΪʲôҪ÷ĸ׵ƴǣ
±˳ɱ
ʣȻֱӽˣ
ǰŵȭ˵¹ˣ
ŵˣ˵һĺøĸ٣һܵĺñ

á
վŵǰɫ԰ף˵¹ڹ˷ģ¹ԺһϸԼǣµ죬̸ְ졭
꽫ƢΪ꣬һȭߣŭӾǱյģʣȻ࣬ѹա
ŵˣ˵ϣλ˵سҪ̲ͱ˰ľڡ
ͷ絷⣬һһ
꽫ҲӪ֮һվġ
참Ҫ̣ŵֳǡ
˲˵ˣ¹ھ¥Ѿʢ硭
˵꣬ŵͰ˰֣˵ˣټŸ·ǵ˵ĻҪȻ´ݣɾͲֹǲˡ
һ¹֪¹֪
뿪ãĨ˰Ѷͷϵ亹ȻɫվԺĲǣŭʵǻ˭˽¸ֹ

ݳſڡ
ŵ˲߳ȻСʱȴŵʶһ顣
ԴѾˡ
ЩطݸȴҪȳأһУѾЩ뷨
ЩԺҪǵ飬ĿǰҪǻؼҡ
ŵǣ˵֣˵߰ɡ
ƫٵĳ֮ϣŵһӰʮ⣬ɸߴնУлһӰ
ʱ
һӰٶ֮ͣС
ӱ۾ܵΧдŵһۼ
ǰ¶һ˿Цݣڵҵˡ
һ̣㻯һɫ⣬ʧķ׷ȥ
飡
ֻǰ˰ɣ֮УȻһ졣
ӵӰٴδ֡
ŶͷղŵһײҲԺһƬ
ǰգһ
ײʲôˣ
֣һεϡ
ƺǸ֪ʲôȻתͷ·
һӰ·һСϪߣֳһͣһСϹ
С㹳ȡ¨֮С
¨֮ѾвС㣬ȻѾڴ˴ˡ
ӷͣתͷźӣʵѣȥ


349 
նϪߵǵŶҵӰɫ΢䡣
ȻԷûκϢȴһּΣյĸо
˿ǰϣٴϪˣʵΪȥ·
˱ֿʵ´Ӻζȥ
ӳ޿ɷ档
˼Ҫƹ·ϣ׷
ȻĿܵϾĹǴκ׷̫룬һĹǿߣĶܲ
飡
һ̣ٴײһε֮ϡ
飡
飡
飡
ֻ˼򣬵֪ʲôʱǰԼңһ̵ϣһεС
ʶʲô𾪵Ұʥ
֮ûеһʱ뵽ңΪ벻½ȻеķҴڣ׷ɱǶ˵ıؾ֮·ϵ㡭
ΧϣǷҵĻΪΣ
ͬΪҺңȻơ
հ롰䡱֮ߵĶ٣ҲȲҵ֮ơ
ִ򲻹Ҳܲ
һ˵ңܵĿܣͬң֮УܵĻᶼûС
һߵֿļһ߽͵Թ޳ֻ·ѣʲô˼
˵ȴûס
ǲ·ԼȻ
ܴκ֮͢УɱĹ״ԪŵģԸ˳κͽȥԸ˳ͽֱĨɱΪĹ͢ЧպΪκв
飬ӦǾܣƫƫ׷ǶʱȴһλҰʥ·
˵ɺϡ
ĪǴκ©Ϣ
ҪȻʵ벻ʲôĿܡ
ͷ֮˲δͣεȴڲϵ
ȫֵ赲ս
ˣ
˲ͬΪԶ֮ϡ
ĪΪһ򵥵Ĳټ򵥵Ҫ
ۿѾߣҲ޷ֵɫ壬ڡ
л˵
жᣡ
ɷͨ
ʲô


ǰϤĳţŵ˿
ڻˡ
һ·ʮ˳ȻżС粨ƾʵݣɽ
ŵڴ鲻ͬٴλصȴƵ̾˿
ɿǣŵ֣˵Һ˵Ļ
ŵˣ̬ȼᶨֻεͷ
Թʱ䣬ȻѾȷ˹ϵȴ߱ˣ˺ĸڡ
ûнôɣŵҲֻܴӦ
Ƭ̺԰
ŵ磡
ʦ㣡
ŵ˸ո߽Ӱ˹ŵĽԴĿǰڿ˼ĺӰ
߸£ſȹеĺۼΪ˫̥ԻѾʮˡ
ŵ֣һ
ŵͷ˿ʵڿʲô
Ƴһۣ˵ûմǲݣû
˵飬ŵǺԺġ
ԹλΪ£͸ָˣû࿴һۡ
͵ôܣˣ
˵ŵ˵©æÿ춼ǿ֤һûմǲݣЩ߰ŮˣӽĻᶼûС
˵꣬޵ĸŵһʾʾҪǼ˵
ʵȫǶһ٣ǰˣĸˣ֪ˣֻһ˻ڹ
ˣЦ˵ˡ
˰˰֣˵Ӧǵ飬ҵȻҪ
Ȼˣʵͻˣ
ԣ¶һ˿Цݣͦţμһۣ˵ѽҲ֪ôģţͻˡ
Ƴһۣûпڡ
һӰԶ߹ŵʵл˳ɣ
ŵ࣬˵ͷ˵˳
һԹ֮УеļȶĿ궼Ѵɣвٶջ
ҪǣŮߣԺʱַʲô䶯һҲһõ·
ĸ˵磬ʲôΣգͬǰ
ʼգҲûʲô֮̿ĳ֣ԴΪڣˮɡ
࿴ˣŵһ޵
ŵҲ΢΢ͷʾӦ
ڷģˣ˵ҿ⼸£жٳĽҲһ
˺Ľĸ˴ֻ֮ʣǷˡ
ǣŵ֣˵ߣǽ䡭
Ƭ̺󣬷֮ڣŵһ˻ǡ
ɫ΢죬ʳָ˵꣬ǶûմǲݵĽ
֮ŵӷ
ʱ䣬һѻʿ˵ȷѰ
ãеĿӣѽҸٴε
ܼҴԶСܹ˵үˣ
ŵЦʵ⼸£ô
ܼҵүģһжãλŮҽһֱչٷ˺͹Ҳʮְһжү뿪ǰûʲô
ڣԹʱ֣˷츲صı仯
Ļʵ۵壬ûе;ƿݵĵزȻ
ŵܼҿе֪뿪⼸£֮䣬ȻСĦ岢ûʲôĳͻڴΪ׵ԭ򣬸˸ǡ
ĹڵȻȴƽ
⼸ڣѾ׵κ
κʹĵı߾±Ϊӻʵڴʲô⣬˾֪
İնڴĺκǲ֮󣬾Ҫսˡ
жԴ˷ΪɣΪ׵ĹԱΪһȻͿ̿ĵĹκټĻ壬ĵʧ󣬳͢Ӧþսķ
Ϊ׵ĹԱΪĺκһս͢Ӧ׼Ҫʱ֣ռȻ
սеһֹԱ˭Ҳռʱ
ŵ⼸£һֱæŮʵ飬ȫ֪Щ
ԭո뿪ʹţַ˼
⼸δƵֱӳΪκĵ
ŵ߼죬ܾͲᷢ
תһ룬߼죬⼸ӣҲ졣
ܾãγʹ·˹֧һ
ȥģѵһеı󣬶ࣿ
˵ⲻ̫ܣŵѾ˺Ȼ֮ҽǵһԺȻ֮ʮ˽⡣
񣬵徳ĺȻ֮Ҫжôǿôѹ֮¡
ŵ˵Ǳ±Ѵģҵ徳Ҷ඼ܱѴġ
ŵҡҡͷЩ顣
ԹŮʣһ˾ܺ绽ꡣ
ڴģûôıЩҴ£Що뢿ǡ
ؼ֮ȺһȥμҰݷһϷˡ
θϷ˳һٷ䣬ȴ֪Ѿˡ
οƾ٣褶һƾٶûŵߺ󲻾ãͱ󲮰ŵˡ
ţͨеѡβѣĹ٣١
ǡⲿӾȻΣգͬѷ꣬˵ཫźӵܣѾˡ
뿪μңȥ¼֮ǰŵ˳ȥһ˴
ǵĺãŮй֮޲سĵһʱ䣬ȻҲҪȥݷ
⣬˸
ŵ뿪ȥʱȻʲôתͷĳ
ĳ֮ǰһӰվüԹֱĿ
ŵ֪ΪʲôôĻŮһ
ǰЦŶ֣˵ʣþò
ʳ˳ǣ˵ǺþòϢڴĶʲôǧﾵ΢ǰû˵ء
ŵ΢΢һ㶣һ̾Թˡ
ЦЦʵļ˵΢ǧﾵǶǲֵһС⣬Ҵ㿴ö
һãȻУŵĳ
ĳǷǳæµģһ¯ϣ궼ŵʴһ¯ǰ˵㿴
Ʈɢζ̲ס˶
Щֻܿ
ֻеãѡζʵһ֮ܺʣµġ
˿ǰĿٴŵʵʲô
ŵѡ
ʵѸʲô
ڵͷˣཹཱུðЩѵĸӣĳ֮£ѵѵ
ʼղϣŵֻܼѵ㿴ЩѵĸӣΪʲôһֱ춯
ʰһۣϻˮһֱţܲ𣿡
ŵˣԼԽ࣬ҲԽ
ȫѣǵò̫ôġ
ŵ￴Űɣúÿϸ룬ΪʲôЩӻᱻˮƶƾЩϣʲôʱˣʲôʱҡ
֮һ뿪
򵥵ʵ̺Ƽĺļܰоˣδ֤ΪīʥˣҲʲô¡
뿪ŵ¡
߽׵÷Ȼ￴˴
÷ԼԼ档
ŵʱһ£Ȼߵǰϲʲôʱģ
ŵոջȥݷôڡ
ŵĿ֮˵ס
վ΢΢ͷ˵Ȼˣʱȥʡ
뵽͢һŵһȥ
ӶûʲôĵģǴŵߣһֱʶġ
˵ԹŮʸˣǲģ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ġ
ʵһ˵ԹŮ˽ˣǲģ
ŵҥԣҺŮ֮ס
ʣŵ̵֮͢ǰ˺üҵøϿȥʡףˡ
ŵ첽뿪ıӰЦЦ˵ǰ˵Ͱ׵أŮӵҥԣûд⺢гϢǸʡ
ֹ֮֮ǰһ£ǰʲôȥˣһ춼ûҵ㡭
һڣ˵ȥˡ
ʲô
ԣȻվ˵ȥȻң˭ȥģ𡭡


350 ˵˼
ʡ
һڹԱԼ÷֮ڣȴûж˼칫ʱʱĹעһĳ÷Ķ
ֳˡ
˱Ƕĺѣ꣬ǵ磬ĴҲԽԽࡣ
⼸£սǺ͵ϣ֮ìܣѾɵ͡
һɵĹԱȰڣӦýصڹڲĸϣҽģũģŻ˰Ƶȣðչϸӡ
һɵȫ෴Ϊˮκ£ӦⲿΣڲĸĸҪӦΪĴս׼
Ǯ޵ģصڶڸĸȻѹžֻѹҽĺũģ˭ҲԸòÿ죬ⲻһҵ
÷֮ڡ
༸ָıӣŭգʳвҽҲܱ֤ȴҪ䣬ڲˡ
ɫȻʵκҰģ˾֪һս⣬ӣڲѵԺ
ѵս
෴սΣ

ĬƬ̣ٴοڣ˵ǷЩƫˣκȻǿ󣬵Ҫ´ģҲ£ѵͲ³֮ڸܷս£ԹǾ޴ĸἫӰ쵽ĸĸھϣǰճԵ𷹣𲡸Ҫ
೰һЦ˵ĸĸʮˣһֱڸĸĸĽôˣӻǳԵˣǿˣ
ԣһʱ͡
ʮκһĸƶôƴһʧܶա
ҸĸĿģΪ˰ա
ǵиĸվڴİյΪͱȻȨҵͻ
ȨŻݣץȨţ۾һֲڳ͢ͼսˣûк³ÿα䷨ⲻʧܵĽ֡
ڵطϣҴӰԶڳ֮͢ϣѾͨ˳Ҳȥ
Ϊ࣬ԴҲΪ
䷨ΨһЧģ¾ǼȨˡ
ֱͨ䷨ҪȨλÿһӽһΪЭûܳɹ
ЩȨǣþλϮôò
񣬳ҲȨӰ
ĵȨֻһǰʮ֮
һͨ䷨ɵģǴ̿͵Ĳͣɱ
ⲻò˵һַ̡
࿴˵ϰɣǵı䷨ֻνڣЩӷȥ̰ʮ֮˾ţҪҺĿڴмڰϣ
ĬãŻڣ벻ɣЩ飬ҪȥģֻһһǵİҲá
˶ٿڣ÷֮ڣ𽥱ĳĬ
ʱһ˶С
ŵ÷ţȻ߽˵̲ŵǰ
࿴ɫһϲʵʲôʱģ
ŵ硣
ڵʱ򣬲ûƣҲû
Ҳʲôס
ΪʱݣǴĵ̲УԹһƷչأӦǸŶԡ
࿴ŵһۣ͵һ£顣
˵գͷ뿪
ûָ࣬÷ڵһӣŵ
ŵ֮˿˵ˡ
ŵڵһҪ£
࿴ʵǶԳ͢Թ
ŵʵ˺γԣ
ʵǶԳ͢ԹΪ㲻ڴģΪԹ湦
ŵ˵˴ԲӣΪԱʱ񷨣峯еĲ֮磬ֽ͢ϵںʱҲְ𣬲˷֮£͢ʮǰĶ֮ؼ̲Уͬ㡾ְأƽԩ飻ӻУ͢ҳʹԹ꣬Ҳӳ͢ţ˿Թԣڷ֮£Ҷˣ໹ʲôأ
̾˿˵͢ȷԹԣҲ֮Уౣ֤Ƶ飬Ժ󲻻ٷˡ
ŵٴοڣ಻㶵ȦˣεϣܽڴģҪʲôɿڣ͢ᾡ㣬Ĺְ֮ǰӦ㣬ƷĹְѡ
ְٸߣҲģףٸס
٣ŵûκο
ҪԸ⣬صԹ̾һ֮£֮ϣλãҲֿɵá
ûش𣬶ǵ˿ŰŰɡ
룬˵̲Σ⣬ټˣɣֱұ༴ɡ
̲ܵ͹ˣʡææ˰꣬ʱ䣬ŵˣܾ࣬ȻվȻһ˵Ϸû£Ϊô꣬ҲûôĵİչϺӣԺͰˡ
ͷ׵һ࣬˱ϥŵ촽˶Ҳֻ˵ðɣδÿ춼ȥš
û˿ԥ˵ԣʡ㰲ŹҲÿչ̲аš
˵ŵҲûоܾˡ
ΪԹô£ǻصģʲôᱻ˷顣
һˮƽŵŷḻľ顣
ŵ˵ͷ˵Ǿɣһᾡ̫ҽԺҽƸˣ˾ũҲᾡԽӣбҵģͲһˡ
룬ȡӡڼհ׵ϸ˼ӡݸŵ˵ҪʲôԼдˡ
Ϊ࣬쳯£ȻһЩͨԱûеȨ
ŵӹµʱ֣ڵĺȻ֮бǣ
֪ϢĿ𾪵޳˺Ȼ֮
ŵ˵ͷ
̲ס֣ͷϵϸֳĵЦݣãð
·𿴵˶ʮǰǸˡ
ǸʱҲкȻ֮
ϧ
ãƿߣŵļ˵˼ʲôϷڣ㾡ɷʩΪ
Ƭ̺ŵ÷߳뿪ʡ
ĳŵҪʲô飬ȻǲԹô˳Ҳ֮ǰˡ
λ׵˼ңһΪպõġ
ŵ뿪ŵͬʱ
ʡ
һԱ߽÷Ϸ֮󣬵˵ʦŵˡ
౳֣ǽϵʥ˵֪
Ա˵Ϊ̲ɼˣҪҪԣ
ŵʹ˲꣬ʹƷε˫ְƷ׵꣬ҲԶܺȣٶȣ֮ǰ޽УʡԣǨǾ޷ͨġ
˰֣˵ˣ÷ѾˣҲܸı
Աиֳһ˿ˣЩг
ת˵ڣȻѡ·Ҫʱ׼£µû
ͣпϧϷϣܵ˺Ȼ֮ϧ̫ˣڵĴģû֮ء
Աϵıˣٴ˵˵Һ壬뾡취ԼӵУٽ죬յǵĻ¸
սڰȻǲҵģһЩ˵ȴҲĴûᡣ
һսŸҲµĺ
۾ͰɣͰɣ͵ԽԽá

ص԰֮Ůҽŵ̬ȣ˷츲صı仯
֮ǰǣŵһŵϺͼ˰˯һ
λ֮Ƕŵ̬ȣʮֹĵŵҽѧ⡣
ȻŵҽΪǲ࣬ҽۣȴκһλҽ߶ܱȵġ
ԹҽͱȴĸӲʢŵԺУں˸ҵľ裬˵Ǽҽ֮ɣָλľ´ࡣ
磬ĸ԰
ԷʱܶŵʡѾ׼ˣ׼
ŵ˵ͷ˵֪ȥʡʱ˵ˡ
ʵ㵣ʲôְλ
ŵ̲ɼˡ
ԣв˵Ķһ٣ﲻ֪ʲôζ
Ϊٶʮ꣬ҲƷλãմɱĹ⣬ҪȻеλɡ
˼أΪٲһ꣬ͺһλһɡ
͢ƹԱٶȵĹأͬ衣
˵̲ɵȨɴЩο˼һˣƿعһҪλãδ࣬Ǵѡġ
˺ǲܱȵģȲͬȲĶӡ
ƽһ飬࣬˵ͬʱְӲᣬû취˼ңҪչչ˼ˡ
ŵûµģӦˣƽʱԲȥţĸչôãҲֵչˡ
࿴ܣüɣΪʲô˼ҿԲȥţ͵ȥ
ͷԷͲöһ䡣
극ѾȲĽ·ҫˡ
úÿ
ʦƯ
ĽΧߣ۶Сǡ
˿֮£͸һһűʯղŻڵãܿΪʯɫһˡ
һۣûϢӣΪһ·ͿĳӵĹ
ŵ֪ǹڼǰҫǣż˵֣һںɢ
һǣŵһַŶӣʵôˣ
ŵԹľһһͷһֵۣ֪ΪʲôҽǣǾװ֪ɡ
μƺһ⣬ʵôͻʦģ
ŵ֪һ⡣
ĺʤʵǿͻƣûʲô֡
ͻƣɾͲһˡ
ǰʵҪǿˡ
˷Ҳ
οǰǼʵǿġ
ڣŵΪˣһӴǿ
ŵֻܰοûϵº֮ҴȥһԹԹʦ˶ôͻƣһҲܵġ
ɢλŮҽ˺Ͱ˹ʱŵûһԺһϣ˵ԺܱܲڼǰҫΪˣ
ƲƲ죬һƾʲô
ͻʦμ˻ûͻƣǰҫͻƵ
ŵ˵
˵Ķ𽥺Ƭ̺󣬵ͷ˵ˣԺҫ˻𡭡
Ƶҿ˿ʵμ˺أ
ŵڷλŮҽڸǵ塣
£˵ֱۣȻסŵĲӡ
ŵ
һż⣬˵ߣǰ๫ֵұˡ


351 

Щӣŵ֣ڰյĿС
ǰ𣬸ΪǴĶӡ
һΣƾԼı¡
ʹԹ꣬ɹŮλΪһƷԹĸΪʹʵΪԹҺŮ˽
⼸Ĺܴﵽ۷壬ĸ˲һУ
СϢ˵ŮͬãŮѾĹ⡭
ԹʹһҲ֮һ
ĳɾͺ͵λʵѾĸס
ڴģĶӡ
Թֻŵĸס
ϢȰͨһЩڶõʱѾͬſе֪ʡε֮£ŵѾص˳
֮ǰʹʱ򣬻Ʒ̲С
ʹ̲꣬ɼˡ
ʡĹԱ˵ΪˣɹϽֱӶฺ𣬲ҿԲѭ̶ʱ䣬Ȩ͢ҲֻƷϵĹԱӵС
֮ǰĵĸͬվǳˡ
ƹܴº˾̲ŵŵˣܲߣԼдߡԼȨҲûвˡ
ֵǣѹŵ࣬βδʲô顣
ԤǣδĴĳ͢Ҫҵһˡ
԰
ոմնŵ
ʲôŮ˽ŮѾĹ⡭
ϵĸִԣȻȷĺá
ŵһۣʵԹλŮʣô£ô˵Ѿ˽ˣ
ŵ͵Ƕе飬ˣʲô֪
˵˵ͷ˵ЩԹĵĴԣԹŮʺʲôϵûС
Щҥ֮ԱǣԹʱ˯ͬһŴϣ֪ҪǺʲôϵ֪ܲ
ԣҲûˡ
ߣӦҲԼ֮ǰǴˡ
˽ǼٵģŮʻĹ⣬Ȼ޻̸֮
Թŵ˺Ͱɢ˻
λûмˡ
˵˰ǰ뿪ȥѰµʦˡ
ڵķˣ³֮⣬Ժ¥¢˳ĸ߶ֲҵ
֮Ժ¥˴ַȴǰá
ĴСԱǣǰȥ¥ĵģ±ץȥ·ʡȥ⼸طȴԹ
ֻṩķ񣬿ƾٻֵأֹܲܽ͢Ǻ͹ǽֵɣ
ȥĶˣĸ˼ңԺѧӣҲ䵱һ׮֮£еĲʦ˸ıˣɹţֻ檣Ҳһٻ
죬ڼ˺Ͱŵȥһ̲
ʱ䣬ֻ̲˲پڣȻΪ徳֮󣬴ЩͨİΪѾССˣҲʤޡ
⣬޸ġɡҲü޵顣
Թͽ̶ӵʮˣĵͽ߻ֻ꣬⼫Ӱٶȡ
һҪֲ̫ˣŵһ㻻һεΪûˣٷаȫС
̵ķΧҲһ¡
ֱӷϳ̣飬һ͡
˽˽ģԱ̵ߣǱԼĽ׼ġ
ǽǰƶһǺܴĽ
֮󣬿һֱ䳹׷ϳ
ΪԹľ飬µĴɣŵܿ͸ĺˡ
ȻıϾԹֻҪŮһּ⣬·ܴɷ
̣Ϊ̲ɣҪ޸ɷȵþ̲ͬ⣬Ȼ̲壬·ݽ¡
ͬٽʡʡͨʡˣɣսʡִУʡµġɡ·̲˷зЧ
Ȼ鷳һ
̲
̲ʮ꣬ǳŵͰ֮⣬һλ徳ķңŵ֮ǰȻ̲ܶΣλˣԸ͸ЩƽﲻЦŵֻйϵĽ
̲鿴ŵߡ֮ӡ¡
ŵȭлˡ
̲Цл·Уٹ⣬ϷҲǾһౡ֮
Ƭ̺ŵߡ̲߳
˵ٹ⣬ûпǹ
޸ĺġɡԭɷȷΪϿԽϿɷԷԽ
Ի͵ʱ̣ҲɷϿʱ
ڷͽ̣̣㲻ϷΪɷϿ֮ʱǵԴ
ڵֵϷŮӣ΢ǰһٰӣЩ
Ǹʱδͬ⣬һŮӵֱӴն
ڹ¥㷸Ǹʱ򣬽ֽףŮñ
̫Ͽ̷᳤õȶгѹ֮£Ͽƹҵİգ˴ӣԴˣҲ÷ҡ
ɷִϿߵ˿ɵļˡ
ڣòȡ
УҪԭ򣬻Ȩ׼Ӱ졣
ɷݱĹУһʼĲ裬ֹ̲Ȩٵ
мÿһǷҺȨ󲻶ϲĵĹ̡
ȨռϷʱڣɷȨͻһЩ
ռϷʱڣɷȨϿ
ս˸еɷ
ŵµʱ͸һȥ㡣
ŵ˵⣬Ҳûߡӣ˵ӡµĳԼȥӡɡ
ǵԶȥŵֻ÷ҵӡԼϡ
ͺܼˡ
ί飬ѾˣʡһԼ÷ŵʡҳ˵ӡϣ佻ࡣ
࿴һ䶼ûжʣ˵÷ԵƬ̣Ϸȥʡˡ
ʡ
̲սսķµĴɣʱʱ̧ͷ棬ȴ
иΥʧⲵگ£̲֮Ҫ޸ɷΪ̲Уз֮Ȩ
ȫͽޣͽ̴꣬ʮꡣ
С̵ķΧ¡
ٱ̽ͽ̴ⷣ
ߡᵽģֻһСǲ˵顭
ңӡ̲飬䣬ÿһλǲģ֮ûκԥģԼӡ
ߡҪǴﱻˣԺôڳΪ٣
ͬģɺҲʮǬӡ
ʡΪʡʵΪʡ
ߣִУֻ߸̣͢ĹٽϣѾˡ
࣬Ϊ࣬˫˫پƷ
ʡĳУȴֻƷҲɵףߡˣ̬ȲԶʡȻø˵һɡ
Աнʿ֮볯Ϊ֮ǰҪĵġ
ԵݰΪһΪ˭ҹȻı䷨
ʡ֮ͨ´ݵʡֻʣִˡ
ʡͳɴԼطأֻͷʡܵõִС
ҶìܣҲ˶
û׿ϣ಻
ûͬ⣬òִС
˵ͳһκһƣܵõʵ
౾Ϊλû뵽ºǱ·֮󣬺ܿͶһԱ˵ùץ·ӡƳܺ͸ţӽκУ·ִС

ʡ
ŵԼ÷Ų裬һ̧ͷȻƳһϤӰ÷·΢΢һ֮վ˵һ¡
ﱧһԱͣ½ŲתͷҲһ£ȻЦ֣þò
ŵߵ⣬Цʵô
Ҹոյʡ顣
ŵǵãʱƾǰʮֻܵξƷְʱھĳ鹤
ͬ飬ʡ飬Ʒ
ʡǳ͢Ե࣬鸺·ıؼ׫д
ȻûʵȨȴǰӴһܣλϳȥʵһǬһ㣬ܾʹˣڣٵʡǾˡ
ĥĥؼؼ֮ƷԱڵɣϣɾˡ
Ȼ֮ܵ٣ʵȱһɡ
ˣƷְ»кܶԸƷƷ
÷֮ڣϸĽ͵֮ǰص飬˫֮ξնˣҾξֹ˰꣬ҵ취ҵ˻һֱʡˡ
˫֮Ǻ¼
Ǵ˲ٹԱ³͢ز㣬ܶĹԱõǨûҲû취ǵÿճλãһĽʿ¿ƽʿ뻹е
ãˣѹô졣
ŵ˱ȭ˵ûϲ١
ŵҲͬȭصͬϲͬϲ
״Ԫ֮һĹ͡
ףŵҲץŵ״Ԫܼܲ޸һ
ŵ˱裬ʵðɣ
˵ͷ˵ܺãǰ£ոǨαС
ӼݲеУȻְƷȴһеĺȨߣǰ;ҲԶԶڼݲУƽʵ
ŵ˵ҲһϢ
ҪͱӴ˵ĻܶҲ㡣
ŵɣһԴ̽òõ˵飬ʲôҵҵûУ֣˼ҪأмҪҡ
ϵ飬˵ҵҵˡ
Ա߽˵ҵ˻ĥʲôء
ŵתλԱʵǣ
ܵλ֣顣
Աŵһ̹֮ˣ
ŵЦԭ֣鰡ٻΪ֣ء
֣пһ£켣ٳ꣬ô仰֮⣬鲻ǱеĶôôϤӣ
ͬˣλ˵ĵλԶ
٣û£ȥʡ˵ӡ
ŴнӹЩ飬л飬Լȥңɡ
֣˿첽뿪֮ŵ˱ȭ˵л֡
ŵ˰֣˵
ٳ֮ϣְǺܳģȻŵûĲ٣ֻû뵽ĹٶҲ۸
͵֣֣ϵˣ֣塣
Ͳˣ˲Ὣз֣Ϊ֮һǵĵ̣͢ԲС
÷ִһ飬飬㡭
ŵȹȥЩʱ𡣡
ŵ˵ͷ˵ȥɡ
ߵſڣȻתͷԥƬ̣ǿʵ֣ҿɲһ⣿
ŵʰɡ
һʵԹŮʣǲŮˣ


352 ƾ֮
⣬ŵֻٴαҥ
õ𰸣ߵʱ򣬱ȻЩϧ
ŵ÷һ߽˵ߡӣʡѾͨˣᾡ콫·ӡ͵طݸӴ˿·Ѿʩˡ
ʵ಻˵ŵҲѾ֪
ղķҺΪĪһЩ϶·ͨĹ͡
ͬΣԹʱѾһˡ
ԶǷеݾ
ô½еĹңƶɷҵֿɵãҲǵľ徳
Դ뾳֮Ϊûֹͣ
ǱִҽģǹīңĽңֻҪΪ˰գΪͬʱΪҲ
ϧֻΪ
ŵڶ⣬ƾӣֻܴһϣתƵһϡ
ӵĪԴԷǣ
ֻеʵǴ˵㡣
ŵ౧˱ȭ˵лˡ
·ôͨӡ
˿˵ҲҪ޸ɷʡͨȨҲἯ巴ԣ·δоͱϳһΣ²谭ˡ
Ȩ䲻ֱӲ볯£ȴܽƳ͢Ѿµľ顣
Щ꣬ΪĳЩɷ˳У࣬òȨЭӦǵһЩǷ
Ժ²ٷˡ
ΪѾûȨˡ
ȨǱͷĿͷɱĴɱҲģҲ˳ҲܶԳ͢ʲôӰ졣
ع֮ʵҽģʲôҪ͢ģ
ŵҽƸƣҪӣԼҽʦ
̾һ˵ЩһֱԽǸҪǮܲҽʦ̫ҽԺ̫ҽǴϾǲ
ŵһȥһ̫ҽԺ¡
˵ͷ˵ʲô⣬ʱҡ
˵գת߳÷ߵſڵʱŲ΢΢һ٣عͷ¶֮ɫʵи⡭
ŵҺԹŮֻѡ
Щʧҡͷȥ
̫ҽԺ
ʮҽ٣һǰӶҡ
Ǳҽ飿
õģ
ԹģǸˣҪ˱һ
ҿҿ
һλҽմԹһҽֲᡷ̫ҽԺ
Ǵ״ԪŵԹдҽ飬˺ܶ࿪ԵۣȻ̫ҽԺ˿һͷˮ˵ⱾҽԹҽߣΪõ˴
Ҫ˵ǲʣȻǲܵġ
⼸ǰ׼ıˣȴˡ
Ȿҽоʱһʲô
˻عͷһӰվſڡ
ˣ
̫ҽǷ׷վŵ
Ƭ̺ŵλ֮ϣʵҪҽģҶ֪˰ɣ
̫ҽֵˣʡѾ֪ˣҽ֮£ȫˡ
ԹҽģȻ𲽽׶ΣѾΪһͷ
飬ƾŵһǲеġ
õҽҵ֧֡
ΪԹҽҵĴֳ֧֣ǮֳҽԹܽеô˳
ŵǱҽֲᡷⱾ飬ԹʱѾˣǰڴӡҪԹҽһᡣ
ŵˣ˵ⱾֲᣬȻѾӡˣкܶط̫Ҵ޸޸ģλǾḻҽң֪ԸԸﱾ١
ԣдϲ
⼸ʮɲǰ׻ģǺô
ԸԸ⣬ȻԸ⣡
¹ٵң
лˣ
ŵЦЦ˵ҽǻݼգ׳ҽҵĺ£ϣҵͨ¾ʵᲦҽģҸپһ
Ŵԣ̫ҽҲ˼Ĭ׷׿ڡ
¹پǧ
¹پǧ
¹پһǧ
ЩȻֵʮϵٺ»̫ҽԱͬٺ»ֻһС֣ÿȥȨǿ˵ǷȨҲؽл
ҽǸ޵׶ûжӸǣŵֻԼ
ȻҲǰҽԽɹҽҺΪԽ졣
ֻԹʱ㶯ƤӣǼľѣ֪Ǵĵ̫ҽȽʲôӵĶ
Ȼ˼ҸǧǧģҲǺ֧ˣŵ˼Ҫ
֮ŵǼһϸڡ
ڳҽѧԺѣ̫ҽԺ̫ҽǣƽûж飬ǰȥڿԼҷĲȡ
Թܵľ飬Ϊ˱ҽƼңտѣüλ
һҽʦʮģڶʮģʮģľһġ
ܹ赲ųûҲֵˡ
ڳĵײ˵һĴһ׬Ǯܳе
ΪԹŵΪĵҽģӦҲ˳
ڶգ̫ҽɫӵʡ
Ƭ̺ŵüʵǼۣ
̫ҽ˵ͷ˵һҹ֮䣬еҩ̣еҩǼֹ
ҪͰտĳɱһҪ𣬶Ҫҩĵļ۸
ý̫ҽùٺ»ѵģҽѧԺѧͽҪڳ͢ҽݴϼ̫꣬ҽԺͳһܹƵܹܵĳ̶ȡ
ҩҪɱġ
͢ṩеҩģ
ԹʱҲԹҽ壬öɳһ棬Գɱ۽ҩ͢
˴ģķչȴȻͬ
͢ҪҽģǽҩǼǹȻͳ͢ԡ
һûӡ
ŵʵЩҩʲôͷ
̫ҽ̾˿˵ҩ̣£͢ȻҲҩ֣ҩֲҩģ̫ҽԺãҪҽݣͱҩɹ
ŵĿ⶯˶૵ҡ
ԹҩģʵҲǱ¢ϵģ¢ԹҩĵģԹҽҡ
ȻԹҽҲҲҽߵ黳
Թ͢ҽƸĸʱѡһ棬ֳ֧͢츣ա
̫ҽ˵ҩ̣ҽݣҲҴĲҵ͢Ҫ۵ҽݣȻӰ쵽ǵ棬ǻôҲ⡭
˶٣ֵҴڳӰ죬Сģڳ֮⣬ųϵҽݶǣʮɵҩ̶ǵĿ֮£˺ȾָĵҽңҪô˳Һ壬Ҫô͢ҪȻûء
ŵʶ̫ˡ
ԹʹģбϵĲͬ
ڳҽģ谭˳Ǵ粽У
÷֮ڣһ֮ϣŭǺôĵӣ˰ˣҽҲˣͼðչһ𣡡
±ȻĻһ飬˭谭ҽģ
飬˾Ȼʡó
ʱŵ͵õҪĽ
ܼż㣬ֻ֡
ҡ
ȥꡰ˫֮ҡ֮ڳϵǬ
ǶڴĵӰ죬͸˷档
ҡ
ңλ徳ϣҲЩ
֮͢ԳΪЩҴĴڣңǵ֮ס
ǵУƿ˴أֲ˰
͢Ķ䷨Ǿ谭
ʡзϣӵеޣɿȨ
͢Ҫȡǵ˰Ȩȥ˰٣Īڰ·
͢ҪѧƾٸƣڸݵĹѧղѧѧȫǵ˽ѧ
Щ׵ĿĴԺ볯Ϊ֮󣬴Ϊȡ档
طĹԱոȥ£ͻᱻһ£ȫȻǰĳŵ
Թɾеҽģ˴ģȻһ޷
໺ϣֱͦļ΢΢Щ
Ϊ˸ıһУŬʮ꣬˶Ծɿ˿ϣ
ʡ
һԱ߽÷˵ʦǵҽĻδУ谭ҿƵҩ̣һҹ֮䣬ҩĵļ۸
û¶κ֮ɫ˵һһظѣֵĶӣ޼ôӻٴȥ𣿡
еһߡӣ¶Щ棬һȺ¿ƽʿп飬ʮλ¿ƽʿֻһʮ󣬲֪ӻô
ʡ
ƵΣѾΡ
ŵʵ״Ԫûм˱Ϸ򣬳͢䷨ĳ·İյĳ·
Ĵ𰸣ŵ֪
Ĺֻж̶꣬ǰޱȻҵսԽʷ̫ˡ
лǧ꣬ʷһһ飬̫౦ľ顣
κ⣬ʷҵ𰸡
ĩ꣬ؼ沢Դ󶼼УսǻžͺˣӦƾ֣Һѹ
ܼ򵥡
ɱǡ


353 ֮
ɫһɱǣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵䷨вѪģ˵ѪҪԼѪкͿ飬ǲðչϺӵġ
һλΰ˵
ͳԷ£ǻ滭廨£ݲȣʱá
Ǳһ׼Ʒһ׼ıж
Ϊеԣվڹһߡ
ضǿ沢ô죬ǾʹأԸֵһԸֵĶɱˣɱǣյĺӲˣ
ô򵥡
ŵܹ𾪡
ۣʱЩǰġ
˼޹գڴͳ˼֮С
ҽʰͨķʽб䷨Ҿп飬ѪԼ
ҪΣĵģֲģҩ˼ԼֵģԼĶʲô۸ʲô۸ɱɱ޹
ǶԵģôվͻöˡ
ŵĻ˲Сĳ˼⼸ʮľòϣ˵ǶԵġ
͢ȨҵĲУհǰ˺󣬲Эһ鶼ûɡ
һЩ顣
ɱȨ֮ƽɷĸͱʮ˳
̾һ˵ˣͨЭ̸ף
һŵϣһĸ飬Ҳȫڴġ
ϾǸνĺǿңҲеǮѣûֿһ߰ı
ĵҺ壬ɲǮ͢ǵĹԱоǵĽ죬ÿһҶӵǿߣ͢Ҳò
˵ҵģµȨԶûô
ƿصݸ֮ڣǲĳ͢
˵Ǳȳܴ͢ġ
֮ʱЩҴ壬ǵֵֿм
ǣûкӡ
Ƕǣʱ⼸룬ͬûкӡ
ǴĿǰڡ
Ҫıһǵܹɵѹң㹻ʵвһжǿ̸
ⶼǺˡ
üû취ѵóҩû취ˣ

á
ҵĲҵڳҽݡ
գڳҽݲδţҽݵƹĳҽݺá
ƹ񣬳͢ҪҽģǾͰҩô࣬û𣿡
ʲô飬ԼĶ۾ۣ뽵۾ͽۣܹܶ͢ǵҩʲôۣ
˵ˣǼ˼͢Ҫҽģѹôͣҩۻ붨ôˣԺǵĻ·𣿡
Ҫó͢ǵ̬ȣҪЭˣԺǵ⻹ô
ͬͬˣ͢ǺΣ

Ϊڳҽݵƹ񣬵ų͢ҽĶʱƹ̻㱨˼塣
Ȼûã̫ҽԺҪɹҩġ
Թҽģ˵Ҳôڸصҽ⣬ܵӰ졣
Ҫҵ⣬֮ˡ
ǳܲ͢ȡֶޡ
˵ˣ³ҽⲻҲó͢ҽԸ
ϴε˫֮䣬ʧأõĹԱɨһգ츳ĶүҲıնףУһ
飡飡飡
ӦԳ͢һĶʱȻ˾ҵ
һλƴҽݴţδӰ㲻ͷ˵ʲôãҽݲţҩȥĵط
վſڵģȴǲˡ
һӴƷĹٲվΪ׵һ˻֣˵ȫ£
ǻƻĹ򣬾ͱ˰˵ϡ
õļƹѶ߳Ҳ̲˵¡
Ǹʲô
ǷʲôΪʲôץǣ
ĸŵģôץأ
һ̲ľвǰ˻Σ˵ˣ̲ûץˣǷ˶̧ҩȫһ˰ɡ
ƹһ£ŭʲô̧ҩ˵ʲô
̲˼Ǹոģʲô̲˵ɡ
Ҽõļƹ񣬱̲ߣͷĲٰգۿһĻ
ǲƹôˣôٲץˣ
ƹƽʱźɰǷʲô𣿡
⼸õƹҲ棬ǳ˰
á
һѧͽɿܽŵƹģˣƹڣõļλƹ񣬶̲ץˣ
̨ڲ̵ӰԱһ䣬𾪵ʲô
ƹһ˱ץΪʲô顣
Ҽõƹ񶼱̲ˣԿ϶һΪҩ۵顣
͢Ҫɷģ̲Ϊץˣ
Ҵ뿪ҽݣѰԲߡ
ʱ֮󣬴̲һϢ
ƹΪΥ˳͢ġҽҩԺ̧ҩۣͼҡҽ̲֮ŵдʮͽ̣Ҽñ鳭ͬھܸҩҲչС
͢ҽģΪ˰вɿвҽǼеĻߡ
ΪƻߣǷѲƣ޿⡣
ͬʱ̫ҽԺڼ棬ҼýΪҽݣÿҽʮĵһģҩ۲֮ǰһɡ
Ϣ֮󣬳޲
գѾϢ͢·
·֮УȨ͹ү̣һֽʮ
԰˵Ȼһ¡
˵ķɣԹѾʩˣֵԼ
Դ״ԪɴԹ֮󣬰յĺ¾һһ
ǰͨҪֻķãҪһӣҩѸۣͨտβ͵ҵ
ҽݵѣԭõİ֮һ·ߵؤ
İһƬڣҽݵƹȴ־־塣

ֻΪǸҩǼۣͽץ̲̣ǵҩҽݣʲô
ǳ͢顣
ˣֻͼƲأ
Ȼ־ŭ־壬жȴҵ顣
ҽݣһʱ䳷ҩǼ۵ӣҩĻָԭۣһǡ
ͬʱҲ˴ż塣
ʡ
࿴Ŵ̲ľڣȻ
ⲻ

Ϊҵӣһ࣬һҲ벻ְ취
òϣ취á
ҩĲҪǮˣҽݶýˣֻҪùңҽʽš
һֽٽҽĵĽȣǰƽ˼¡
ǰ컹ڳﱸ׶εҽģһӾ͵ɽ׶Ρ
һ̣ᵽǶôЧ
һ˼βó棬ôĵİչϺӣΪ֮Ŭʧܶա
ŵͨҽģ̻һ
ҵѹȣ͢䷨ĳ·İյĳ·֮Чķֻĸ֡
ɱǡ
һδĵ·
һӰ߽÷ոշµľڣ¹ŵʲôֶд˴ҽģȴҲû뵽İ취˵ļֱӡ
ݾڣ˵ĶӣóֶεģҲֻǸˡ
ŵ߽˵˹ˡ
ոմ̲æ
ҽϣĺԹĹ鲻֮ͬǰûпǵġ
صҽƲҵεΣҺ¢ϣ͢Բ֡
̫ҽ˵ԼֲҩģԼ򣬿ҽݣҩ̣̤ҵܿͻ⵽ǵĴѹĽ֣ǵ̵գǵͼǡ
ŵֻǽǵֶΣϡ
ɲ֧ôǾרƶһɡ
ͲΥɷˡ
ʵϷ֪ô
ŵҽƹغڳ͢У˽˿ҽݣܳ͢ܣ̫ҽԺÿҩĵֲؼȳɱƶۼޣҽݵҩĶۣһޣ͢ҲӦӴҩֲҺԴ˵¢ϡ
ҩ۸߰ԭһ¢ϣ̧߼۸
һ棬ΪҩĵĲͣףҪȥ
鵭Ȼ˵˵ЩھܹܵУھ֮⣬Ǻʵ֣ѵܽµеҽݣǿиĳɹҽ𣿡
ŵҲϣͷĿǰ˵ȷ
ڳΪΪ˼ҵĵ̣˵˲㡣
徳˵˲㡣
˵Ҳ㡣
߾ʱ˭˵˵Ĳ㣿
ŵݺҽƷ࣬Ȼ뿪ʡ׼ؼҳԷ
ȻĲʡˡ
üһŶˣ
ŵ˵öԣĿǰĴģҺʵ̫Ӵκκƽı䷨ͽͣ͢ȥӣûжõϡ
Ŀ΢벻̣Ҳͨһ졣
кȻ˼ֺ棬ʵڱ䷨ô˵ģ
໺˵˵䷨вѪģ˵ѪҪԼѪҪôİչϺӣ취ֻһ
ʵʲô취

ʡ
֪ΪƽͣϿƽﲻЦҸӣйԱûвηġ
գʡʱϾȻ˺Цݡ
ܿ˾͵֪ӦĲ
ͲˣƶκıһսһֱҪΪĴս׼һֱʣΪ˲֪ٴΡ
յóԸȻܸˣʡĹԱ÷ڿЦ
ңмˣ궼⵽䷨ߵı׽ĵӣҲûм˿Цˡ
԰
ŵոճ극ĽӣһӰȻĳ˹
ͷģ˿ޱ㲣һ˫۾ȴ˷ܵĿŵ˵ˣˣ򵽷ˮİˣ


354 ī
֪ҿʲôˣ
ȻˮƶѵĸӣôҲƶĶ
ī߶ĻأͨҲӵī֮
ʼĿŵʵǲģ
ŵ˵ͷûʣȻС
ļ죬ŵûȥš
ÿ̶˺Ͱʱ䣬ڴ
ĿǰûнݾߣȽīΪ
īҺͱҲͬǳעضʵŵֻϵīңԹô飬ΪҲǸո뾳ӡ
⼸ڴĻأ֮£ڽǷµʵˣīΪɿ죬Ѿ֪ڶƿˡ
ţĳһۣŵˣ
ܼЦ˵⼸춼һ𡣡
¶֮ɫ˵Ŷǰ̫ˣǸö磬ϣܶѧѧŵǶһľͷŮˡ
ľͷŮ˵飬ǹڻ
ʲôʱŵŮ˸Ȥ
ľͷŮܹΪӣΪ崫ڽӴ
ôһӣһԺԼ˻ʵۣδҪѻλ˭
ΪʵĳԣīҶᡣ
Ϊˣоīҡ
Ȼ֪ΪԽߵīңԽϲȢľͷŮˡ
ˣī޵һ޳˷ӡ
˵ʲôѪ桭
Ȼ壬ڻԻⲻǷʲô
ԼĻʴ
Ҳֻܽϣŵˣϣܸı뷨
֮ڡ
ŵӹõĲϣīܹٿػ֮⣬ܸıزϵʣʹﵽضʹҪ
īҷǳó˵ǰѽǳī֮֡
已̥īңԼ֮󣬿Ӳ߾ߵĹ
Ϊīң緢չƼķǳ򵥣һЩϵѹأͽ־ܹƣܹʡʱ;
ĶŵʵĲ𣿡
ͷɻ˵㡣
ŵʵΪʲô
ʵ㹻ˡ
λŮȡ֣ŵ˵ʲôƳߵĻŮӣҪ˵ڵĻ˻ȥ
ŮӾôȻ۾ʲô鲨ŵһֵĸоƺ۾ܵ˲
òͳ죬ŵܱŤ
һֵƻ˼ͥ顣
īҶִĻأӵĸ顣
ָ飬Ǻġ
ʷϣԼ˳׵īǿߣУҲ١
˵ܹ֮û˱ĺŮ죬˲ӣŮ飬Ҳһĸá
ŵԼҲīңȰʵġ
պ
⡣
ٵϣһûƥðŹǰȥ
״صûƥǣʻٶȣȴѰĶࡣ
ٵϵ̺ͰգԴ˸е⡣
һīҵĽī߶ֻأҪƥ
ͨ˾ռߣ֮ϣΪīҵľʣȴʮּ
Ϊûʹһ˿
ô
֤ͨˣҲַͨʽӵīҵ
ȫû뵽ڵˮȻӵ
ܹƥҲܹΪṩ
вͷʱڵīʼ˷ٵ
ϴξŵָ㣬ɹĽľ֮Ϊ仺ΪΪСû뵽ôࡣ
ڵٵ׳ں̵ܶʱ֮ڣ˵ľ۷塣
ֱһϣͣ
ǰһīʦ
Ϊģʡ
ŵڣīҲһ·ɵͻ˵ڶľֱľ۷ͣ
ʴĿŵ˶ɵˡ
ΪķȣԶԶԤϡ
촽ŵʵңʲôΪʲô
ⲻһΪʲôôΪ
ŵ˲Ϣ֮䣬󾳽ΪֵʮС
ʵͷ
ʱٳٶҲʶ²ǻô򵥡
ŵʵֻأԴҲũؼ֯ؼ졭Դܶܶ飬ǲ˵ģϵī֮
ŵ˵ͷ
ʵҽңīңũңǱ˿ѧܹ͵ķ룬ȴֻ
ŵ飬ͨûҽβûī²ٿػأûũ£ֳʳ
Уܸıģīҡ
һģӦãô½ǰµʱ
һ˷ܣ̲ס˵ǽпҪӭīҵʱ
һΣŵûп϶
Ŀǰûнйҵ߱ʱǰᡣ
ĴİգԲĽ׶Ρ
ʱǿƶĽôĻеղϺӣӳԲ޷ɳԡ
ʷѾ֤ıƼĽһᵼĽ
ıƶȣìܣƼһδνᵼԴһļУʹƶƶ
ǲܿƼٴΣı䲻˵顣
ʱ޷ܰѹȵˣũ˹ˡ
Ƽǽˣǰܿࡣ
ǸʱҴΪߣıڸѲ
ⲢŵĿģҲҵĿġ
Թʱŵû·
һҪԭǣīҵı֮һͲܹƵˡ
īⷽǼģһ㣬ŵѾˡ
һǴţЩīҸ߾ǿߣܻǸĽǵ߾ڴģīҵģȻһ塣
ӵоԵʵ֮ǰôԾ·
ΨһȱǣֻԼоЩµ츣գٽīҵĸºͽΪ࣬ҲȨ֮£òѡ
ŵʵļ˵ص֮̽٣ЩͼֽҲһͬ٣Ҫκκۼ
һ£ʮֲʵΪʲô
ָЩɢȥͻƵ徳ǵ
ԵŮӣǸʱܸˡ
ŵڻֵʱ򣬷ģЩһкܶණУġ
ʿ˿ڿЦֻܵͷðɡ
صѾӼлع
̾˿Ȼ֪ŵΪʲôҪôǾĻ
˺ò״ı٣һͼֽʱû̽ӽѡ
ϾѪ顣
š塱֣һīͽڣ˵ȥԷҪ˽
ŮӽӲĵ˵ͷվ֮ǰ
һǣת뿪
֮ڣŮվǰӨ͸۾Ȼ˶
֣ķϵͼֽ


ҽݣĻ̡̻
õļλƹ񣬱̲ǿд̣ñ⣬ڶ͹˹ҽݵӡ
ͬʱòֿҩģԼڳ֮ҩҲ͢鳭乫˵Ǽλƹ񣬻ҪҩΪ͢ʮҩ
ֿǿһΪˡ
ȻѣҲյ˳֪ͨ͢
ϴҩ۵飬͢Լ̣ӽԺһЩҩģǵ۸񣬲Գ͢涨ޡ
ճ͢Ķۣǵޣǰʮʮֻһ
Ϣǣ͢δ涨ޡ
ҽҵľ̫ҽҲһģҲеľĴҽ򣬵ٱѲ࣬ɵӶ֪ȥ￴
͢Ϊȫƻҵ
ҽݣ½½յ˼Ļظ
Ҫǰճ͢ķ£ҩۺѣζţϣ͢Эˡ
ıϾҵ£ڳ廹Ҫ͢һЩӵġ
ֻ͢ҵļãֺγǸӣ
ڣֻ͢ǹ涨Ѻҩѡ
ЩҽݿģûжˣЩԹܵҩĿֱ࣬ӻؽ߾ҽңƵġ
һֵķã͢Լۡ
ǰȣҪ͢˰
ԴˣҲֻܴӦ
͢ǵһֲֶΣɼʡҽĵľģǻӣõĽ֣ǵĽ֡
Ǿϲķ̶֣̼֮ڣҽݣӭȫ潵ۡ
ҽݵֻҪʮǮ
ǷãõȻҪһ㣬֮ǰҲ˼ʮͨҲ
һʱ䣬ҽݵſڣ˳ӡ
԰
ŵڣҽҵȻһЩ
˺Ͱڻ԰ͻ
⧲֮£ŵֱ͵͵һڡ
ڷǳϲŰͼ͵Ϯרڼңߵʱ
ŵҪԶ˵ʱ򣬱Ȼһ
źȻȵߣҡҷ˵Ĳ̬߼͸һ޶ķ飬ʹݣѾٲ¡
˻ͷһۣŵֱɹ棬˵˽㣡


355 ˵ĺԮ
˻֮ŵ˿ĸо
Ȼÿ밴ʱȥţڼңҪҲ١
Թʱֻṩ뷨ԼһЩֵ⡣
ʵʩϣᰲŵ㵽
ڴģûĵ֣鶼Ҫ԰ѹء
Щغһʵ֣ձһ档
һ֮ǰֻ˺ԼСң˳ΪЩ飬Ȼٺò
ڣܺȻ֮Ӱ죬뷨Ҳڲ֪ķ仯
ңιƽ¡
Ÿ֣ҵӶԼҪҲҵи졣
Լҹ£ݽŵλΪһεƶһʵЩĿꡣ
ŵļͥҸġ
ڴﵽҡ֮ڵĺȻ֮ʹһιķ
һ˺Ͱʱ䣬Ȼˡ
˵ļʱع飬Ľŵһա
ŶգͻӣĽˣ˺˵ĻܺܺõĵڼķΧûз˵£˸޷˺Ͱ֮С
ĸںĵСͤ˵Цŵص鷿д°汾ҽֲᡣ
ڴĽг׵ҽƸĸҪԹѵĶࡣ
ĿǰȻñķʽɱӺʹ⼸óһ棬Ҳڳ
֮⣬ҽƷС
볤ԽԶ͢ڹԱƿԽСعһ£ұӻ͢䲼ɷѵõ᳹ʵ
ֻҪ֮һղ䷨Զܳɹ
ŵдһһӰ߽
ŵ±ʣվ΢Цþòˡ
ǰ´һȻ겻ǰЩ̫һ
ŵﲻһ
ҡҡͷ˵˵Ǹоһˡ
Ȼĺòûзʲô仯ϵʣȴǰͬ
ǰǱĲŻ
ڣһ׺͵ʡ
ŵ룬ӦΪȻ֮ԭ
ߺȻ֮ȻԸһ׺͸С
ûм⣬ͷ˿棬ʵˣ
ŵˡ
ȷ֮ŵ֪ǷˣѾ뿪һ˻ڣֻ˼ˡ
Ƿһֱ߿οת뷨
Цһ˵ÿѣôãҵȻϣҸˣ׼ʲôʱף
ŵ֪Ҫˡ
ҪһޱʢĻҪֻŮܹ
ŵ֮󣬷һ£ʵİ˵ԹŮʡ
ŵ˰֣˵ûе£ҺŮʵĹϵĹϵһ
¶ʧı飬˵ʶôãô࣬ԭҺһʶˣûʲô
˫ֱأ΢΢Ҳһ˿Թ
ŵʶôãǵһμ¶СŮ̬֮
æ͵Ҳ˼
ϺȻųЦݣ˵أ桭
ŵȻ˿˿Ķլ룬ҲʼԴףﻹҳһࣿ
һʱ䣬æŵˣʵδ£Ӧò뿪˰ɣ
˲Ŀһۣ˵Ӧòᣬʲô뿪𣿡
겻ŵԼû䲻֪һǱˡ
ǰͲô˵
ڵķˣŵøȤһЩ
ЦЦ˵û㣬˺Ͱģˣ㲻ڵʱ֪߶ٴΡ
üһ˫˵۾ʵֻ𣿡
ŵЩ죬ĿʶĶ˵ðɣҲ᲻ãϾôûˣңЩӳ͢кܶҪæϣܰҶ˺Ͱǡ
ѾλӣսĹˣôţʲôû±ӣҺĿӡ
ڷ˲ûмȣֻǶŵȻһЦ˵ǳ͢רæ͢飬츣վͺˣһҡ
ŷ뿪ıӰŵС
ңҡһĹ͡
׷ǹʵģΪң̫̫ࡣ
԰ڡ
˻ĵģȻˡ
Ȼ֮ǰμ˺ˣҲûʲôҪ˵ﻹŵŮӵЩֻܺŮ˵
֮ǰͺͷԼãҪһ˯
ֺͼ˰һ뿪԰ص
ȡ¥ԺΪַеʦһףո߳ˣǹٻ¸˼ҡ
ÿ£дٹԸ߼Ϊʦ۸Ǹߴʮ
¥ķ֮ڣ˷еһᣬҹݺվߣ˵㲻ڵʱ䣬мλóɹ˹ԱۡƷߣֻƷıԱɡ
˷еĲӣ˵ԱȻƷߣսʱӵãȴǺܶƷƷԱȲϵģʱĬҪɡ
վڽһۣڵŵѾصˣλܴ࿴أļƻôģܳΪŮˣڳ͢һٸ̽Ӷá
̾˿˵֪֪ˡ
ÿһ㣬ݿɿ鱨һ֮ڣκԴĿսʱǱǰһжκ鱨Ѿ㹻˫֮ɵʧ뾡첹ϣֻһʱ䡭
Ƴһۣʵһڣûأ
ҹݺһۣ˵ǶѾ㹻ʱˣһڣ㻹һѽƶߣ֪ȥ֮Ľֻʲô
ȭͷգŭѾλˣϾҪеλҲ޸ˣ
Ϊѡ𣿡
˷һۣ˵㻹һ¡
عϡ
֮ҹݺҧҧ촽˵߰ɣҪˡ
վûͷһ£˵ߣΪʲôҪߣ
ҹݺŶͷ㲻˵޸
˰һۣ˵Ҳô˵Ժôõĳ룿
ҹݺɴ۾ʵ޸
˿˵Ϊô飬ҲʱΪԼˡ

԰
˻֮ŵɶˡ
ոսĺõҽֲύ̫ҽԺǿУǩ֮󣬾ͿԽӡˢʱͳһ۸ŵֻ˳ɱۣϾⱾ鲢Ϊӯ
뿪̫ҽԺȥһ˾ũ¡
ͨնԣԱů𲡣ѾǺҸˡ
Уӣκһ鶼Ҫ
ʳǽ֮ء
ĵĴ󲿷أȻҴУʳˣҲģ´©һ棬Ҳúܶղڶˡ
˾ũҪģǾ߲ܵͨũķʽ
ֵʱũõġ
ԴƷֵʱ䡣
ʵ¿⣬Ǻ˾ũºоµķϣܵ߸Ĳ
ոջصң˾ũ¾һˮ
Щˮũġ
ĽڿԳԸǻȥʱŵǸμҴȥһ䡣
ŵӵСѰãι˺ͰƳһۣȻû˵ʲôѾ⣬һҪμ˺ҲιԼι
뵽͵͵ѲؽС
һĽĿһĻȵŵ뿪֮󣬲̾˿
ʵôˣ
ҡͷ˵ûʲôǿǣȻóҲұǴ꣬ǶҪˣһһˡ
˰οһôˣҲһˡ
Ƴһۣ˵ǲһ
ЩĿμ˺һۣûиҽ⡣
Щп˵๫ãôҸҲˣҵͶôˣٲޣļ޲ȥˡ
£Լ׷̧ͷ
˼ˣͲס˰ɣ
Ϊз֮Ȼûסڱ˼ҡ
иֳһ˿ᣬ뿪ˣû˽廨Ȼа飬ȴȡˡ
Ҳ뵽ʲôȭͷɵץ½ŮţԺ÷ĽŮգ˿ŮԤǬ
ˣ˵Ļ֮иǻҡ
μԸ˽Ҫˣڼ˵˶ûУ
֪ǰڵʱжѰ
ղŷҪιμ˺ѣֲû֣
вУ˽Բߣ
ǣֹܲ˰ɣҲ̫˽ˡ
ˣʵǵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ûУ֮ǰ׷ҵ˲٣ԴӰᵽ֮ǶΪҺǼ๫йϵûһ˸׷ˡ
ڣǡʲô㣿
˿˵ڳӦǼ޲ȥˣޣҲû˸ȢҴȵº֮ȥһߣ϶ӣҵǵġ
૵˽ϲӰ
ЦĸŮӲϲӣŮӶǺˣǵɷֻҪҺãҵĳûвţҲνˡ
˵Ļ⣬һΣȴ˾þõĳĬ
Ȼ󣬺ĵСͤϣֻʣˡ
˶ͷһ뿪ȴû˼
̾һ˵治˼˰
˺Ըȴǳͬ仰
ӿڵô죬ǶˣܲűˣŮվҪ˵ġ
ʵأ
¶һ˿΢Ц˵ҵȻҲ˵ģͿŰɣҵĻ񣬻ǵĸ¡أơ
һۣ¡صĻ񣬵ʱ򣬻ǵø裿
ʱһֱĬļ˺Ȼ˵
ʵʲô
˿ʵ㻹ǵãλǰ˵Ļ𣿡
Ȼ˵һ˫̥˵
˶һۣȻֹ

ҹ
ŵΪ̺ôͷĸ߶ȣȷ˯֮ԼСĵ˯£ͬʱ֣ҽ塣
Ȼ๫
ŵ۾ţ
⣬ʵʵ˵
ŵʰɡ
룬ʵ÷˽ô
ŵ۾ˣ
ϴ⣬һ鷿˯飬Ŀŵ˼ãǵˡܺð
˳˲ܴﶼá
֣ò֣֣Ը֡
Ϊд󹦣ܴȱԱӣܶӷ֣һŵȫֵĴڡ
ʵȢԸԸ⣿
⧲⣬ŵһ۾΢Цһʱ׼˼ҡͷʲôԸ⣬˼һδԸأ˼ˣ˯ɡ
ͬʱһԺ֮һ䡣
ϥڴϣĽĿһǰĶǶȻʵ˽㣬ŵ㲻ӣ
˸һۣ˵ʵʲôⰡҪǲӣģ½ûвˡ
˼ʵô
˵֪๫ò˫ȫ󣬻͢أһܱȣ֪ŮҪ޸ͱҫˣҫĻҪˡ
֣˵㲻ϲ޸ôλ˵ٻԵһһãԺԶһˡ
ɫһ죬ҡͷ˰ɣҿû˵ˣĻԺôԼ˺Ͱ
æͷİɣҲôģԸ⣬Ƕġ


356 
峿
գһ磬ͷ˾ͳȥˣʱŵͼһͬǰθ
θ磬ŵѾܾûвμˡ
μңһ֣μҶӵܽڣŵҲò褡
οƾʧ֮ͱŽ˾С
ڿƾٵϿӵҪɵĶ̩࣬ǳĳɽ£ֻһ仰顣
Ȼ鲻̫Уŵĵ̻еġ
֮󣬾еĲ̶£ͳɹ뾳ңһ
ڱ˵սΪķʽ
սʱڣǱҵ۷塣
ʷϵıʥˣǸʱڡ
³ƽվãҲ˥䣬ƽǿȵϰѵҺٳָ߾ǿߡ
ŵΪıдµı飬ԹʱûнԺеЩȫó
ȻֱߴľӵʵٵΪµıҲ档
֮ŵȥ褡
һʵ۲С
˶ʤ֮⣬飬ܹͬٵΪ
ΪŵֻҪ΢һʱûġ
ո߽褵ԺӣŭʲôҪȢǸ¥Ůӣ
褱ԧ첻¥ŮӣʦǶʦô뾳ΪҺܶණ
ʦ¥Ůӣ
ǣ
֮檿ԣȢΪ޾ǲУ
ⱲӷȢ
ӣ
ŵָ߽褣˵ŵμô˵Ҳ壬ӣȻȢ¥Ůӣܻμŷ磡
ŵһʱ֪λش
ԴĳǸĽ⵱һ׮¡
񲿶꣬˼ά϶ӱأܲҲ⡣
ŵֻӱĵ˵壬ʵ˵ûԧȷ¥Ůӡ
˼ƾճԷûɱӡ
褼ŵվһߣӴͦţ˵÷˵Ķԣǳ͢٣ѵƲͨЩҾѧȥˣ͢ǵ٣ǱЧң츣յģǰڳһ߸ϵӣ˵ԧﲻ¥Ůӣ¥ŮͿƲˣбĻ·˭ԸԼ֮ˣΪǵٵûùҡ
һ˵ƿԡ
ŵǲĶ࿴ۣʵû뵽褾Ȼľ
ȻѧҲĴԺģԺѧǣܵͳҽҪЩ֪ҲԲ
־ǽٳ֮󣬲Żĥ
֪кһȻ֮
ݹ۳ҹԱѧʱûвȻ֮ԺҲ
ѧʱȻ֮ģ뿪Ժ֮Ҳδһֱ
ʱѾܵŵ׳ŵ˵˹Ҳʦ˵˹¥Ů𣿡
һʱͣ˭֪ŵĹϵֻ治˵
˻֣˵㰮Ȣ˭Ȣ˭Ϸ򲻹ˣ
˵գȥ
褳˿ŵȭ˵ղŶл÷Ϊ˵
ŵ˰֣˵Ҳʵʵ˵飬ûǺͶú㣬б顭
ҪǨֻܿʵΪԽߣܹεְλԽߣıΪھܵУξˣμھеӰ죬Ҳһˡ
һ֣˵÷ҵĸ
뿪褵ס֮ŵûлȥ
ϣҪθһ
θһСԺ̫Ļ䡣
Ѿˣж㣬ŵڴߣԼһСӣΪϴš
λŮӵĽţ˺˵Сɶϸͷ˵ԷһЩϸǧ˵ŵϲ΢һЩġ
˵ͷȻʵ๫÷ô
ŵ̧ͷһۣͰòǺթİɣ
ŵͷרĵΪϴţڵͦõİҲڼҵʱһҶ֪Ӧôл˼ҡ
˵죬˵ˡ
ŵ̧ͷ㵵ʲô
˵ɲһϢ
ļͥܲܺгȫָء
ŵʵ޵ˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ûУնΪѾҵˣû˸Ȣ
ŵһԼųҥԣܹ
˼˵Ȼ˶ôΪ๫ɴȢɣһֱˣѾʹˣҲϲġ
ŵ˿ԼΡ
ӾȻȢˡ
԰Լ˵ʱûôɴࡣ
ϲˡ
ô˵ϲǿЦ
˵ʹˣ˵Ҳͬ˼
С˾Ȼͬ⣬ӻͬӲ˼顣
˼þûпڣʵĳ
ŵôܣ
룬ʵ㲻ϲ
ŵҡҡͷ˵Ҳǡ
û˲ϲˡ
Ϊһˣŵóϣ׿ܴȱ㣬˼ֱġ
֮ںܴܲΪǰܴ
̤徳ܴ֮ܲѾҪˡ
˿Ǭ˵Ȼϲ㣬Ҳϲ飬ôˡ
ŵ΢΢һ㶣
ֱڶؼҵʱŵЩš
ոջص԰ͱ˴䡣
˶ʵ㿼ǵôˣ
ŵʲôô
˫ֲװɵμ˺϶ˣڷ˽顭
ŵһۣʵô룿
˵Ϊ㣬˽ż޲ȥ㵱ȻҪΪˣ
һ˵쵱˼ҵ棬μңҲżˣ㡭
ŵֻܵðɣҡ
ץֱۣ˵Ҳܣ㲻÷˽ߡ
ڷ˵ϣˣˣĴͳһߡ
Ƕ뿪
ŵҲ롣
˻ûأǾ᲻ˡ
ˣŵԺͲȥˡ
һֱȷʵֻԼ˷˵ĸܡ
Ůһʮ֮ǰˣѾʮˣûûֵģƾʲôⲻǵ˼
ŵĵСͤʱ˰ԼѾˡ
̧ͷһۣƣ̵ͷ˫ֲİŪ½ǡ
һ˵˶ˣҾͲĨˣ˽㣬ʵͰ㵱һˣһ뿪ˣҺͼ˽㶼ġ
˽ŷ˵ĸ첲˵Ҳߡ
ŷˣʵ˽㣬ԸǳΪһ𣿡
ɫߺ죬ԴѾҪؿڣСңԸ⡣
ûѯŵһǣżˣһǣŷˣǵַһЦ˵ԺǾĽˡ
һ£
ʱ˺Ȼڡ
˵Ŀʵʲô
Ƴһۣ˵ҲһҪ
˵ע֮Ȼŵȥ
ã̧ͷμ˺
ǵϣûе𾪱顣
μ˵ı飬û˿⡣
ϣϷ֮ɫ
΢΢һ֮ʶʲôͷŵյˣ
ŵҡҡͷʾԼ޹ġ
˱ССıһǣû뵽ɣǿԼЦ
յķˣʱǣ˵֣˵ҲȥŮҽˡ
ܿ죬ĵС֮ͤУֻʣŵͷˡ
컹ѣͱǿеĸı˹ϵŵҲǵһξ飬ŷˣ΢ЩΣ촽˶˵ҡ
ǰһһָ꣬ʲô˵
˵ľ֮ŵܹоǰǿѹȡ
ż⣬һ
һӵǣĨƽеΡ
ã֡
֣˵ȥǡ
ŵ˵ͷ߳ŷʱܼһͷһۣЦүš
ɴ۾ŵߵŮӣþõ˵
˵Ӱʧ֮ſϻƣ˵ǸϼһҲ㵽ˡ
ŵͷǣڽͷʱգк
״Ԫɣ
˺ð
޸ɷȨȨ˷ĳɱѪֶΣĸҽƶȣ˳տѣ⣬ڰеһʱ޶
ĸףڰеһһ뻵
ȻԷɱ˺ܶɱ̰Ȩ󣬵Ҳ֡
ͬĸף״ԪɱˣԴûκοɱ˹֮
Զֿ֮ʼСۡ
״Ԫλķ˹ɣ
˵ǲŮϵ𣿡
ֶǣˣôܲŮϵ
֮ǰ˱ҥˣ
ҲţǣʼҾ֪˹һ״ԪˣȻ˲š


ϲ˽ҵ˺ùޡ
ϲڱ˹飡
ʲôʱܺǵϲư
պһҪúöԷ˽㡭
ĹǴк֮󣬷ҪʰһʱӦʰ꣬ŵȥʡһȥ
¥ڣһŵıӰʧתͷˣ¶һ˿Цݡ
˷һµʱ䡣
ֻ졣
ŷˣ̾㡭
˵Ŀһۣ˵Ϊ˴룬Լͳȥˣѵûʾʾ𣿡
ΪܵٴҲӦõġ
Բ£δƽϣʵҪʲô
˵Ҫƹܴ硣
üͷһǴܵԷ˵ļֻһ磬Ҳǲƹܵġ
ԼҲûȨӦ
룬˵´󹦵ķϣҪһᴫݸġ


357 ˵
뿪ŵкŸ裬߽ʡ
λˣоְģŵɣûµҲ帺ĳʲô뷨ֱӺ๵ͨͺá
ƶļĸҽѾСΧˣɷĸĸҲѾʵء
Ҳֻ˵һ
Լܼݣڳ͢Ƥӵ£ǲҿ
ɾ֮⣬ʵɣͲܹƵˡ
͢ڻƿأʵ̫
ȫĵĹԱкȻ֮һΪΪ񣬾Ͳķˡ
ȻֻŵʵʵĻ롣
˶˽ĵģһλҹԱףҪٵǣȴ׾١
ĿǰĴģҪĲǾͨյȫţҲʲôιܳڵĶ
͢ҪģǲʿۣͬԸΪ£˽ҹԱ
÷֮ڣãӵкȻ֮Ŀƾ٣ֱ¼ȡ
ŵԲƾ٣ߺȻ֮ĹԱǨʱҲҪΣÿһΪͣҲҪ١
ΪȻ֮ԣ췽ҹ̷ģʽ磬ǿʵֵġ
ಢûпǶãҡҡͷ˵˷ǲеġ
ԱȫҵӣȻĳ档
ǲ̰ۣḯܣһֻΪա
ҺͰգûԸ⿴ֳ
ҴǲԸ⿴ҲԸ⿴
ҪģһƽĹңƽȣû˸߸ϣҲû͵һȣһӣҲҪܵɷԼ
±ңλ࣬ҹԱ
ʵȴǡǡ෴еҹԱʷ̨ĹݵȲҪλá
һҹԱ̫࣬µȨͻܴܵԼ
ûлʵϣԼȨԼ
ŵ飬ոͱˡ
ҹԱƶߵʱ򣬲ƫ̻ҡ
ƾҪԵĹƽԲκεԴ
һΪĳһȺ忪˿ӣƾٵ᳹ױ
ȻŵĳǺõģȴķʽʵ֣һ㣬ʷľѾ֤ˡ
ŵûټ⣬һġ
Ϳƾٵĸȣ˰Ĳеġ
˰һ겻һ꣬ټĸĸ͢ѾĿҪҲˡ
ĵͷм主
͢ʿ塣
Ҵڿ֮ʱͺͳ͢Э飬Ƿӳ͢ͳΣǰǲ˰
Ǹʱӵеػ٣ܹ͢˰
ȥǲϵļ沢أµԽԽܹ࣬͢˰ԽԽ١
⣬ĵĹԱؼȨµأҲ˰ġ
ЩطϵĺΪ˰عҿ£յĽʿԽԽ͢ԽԽ
ЩʽǺϷģ͢ҲӲǵ˰
֮ǰ͢޸˰˰ĵķȨ󲵻أ´ط֮ʩУطٶǵˣ٣˰øַʽӱ䷨ʹÿε˰ĶЧ΢
͢ӣȲ˰֧α䷨ʧܸա
̾˿˵͢˺ַܶʽȴûһγɹģʲôð취𣿡
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵ȻС
Ŀ
ŵһĨӵơ
úŵ߳ʡ
İ취ֱˡ
Ը⽻˰Ľ˰Ը⽻˰ĿˣȫƲ乫ӯİ취κ˵͢ǿٲÿζǿ
ĵĲУҲУŵҲûʲô취ˡ
صʱѾʰö
ҹݺԧǸ֮һص԰
԰ſڣŵͷǣ߽ȥʱӰ߳
˿ŵǣֵķˣЩȻ
һ
˿Щ޴룬ͷС˵үˡ
΢΢ͷûж˵ʲô
̾ŵļ˵п˶ȥʣ磬ܴڼ
׺ʹͼ˵ģߺ󣬷ЩĿŵʵһ˻᲻᲻ͬ⣬ңҿʲôֶҪġ
ŵ֣˵ᣬҵû洫ô£İɡ
ؼ֮󣬷ȥҼ˺Ͱˣŵһ鷿
뿪ʡʱһݾڣǳ͢Щ˰ݡ
Щ˰ĵľٴ룬ûʲô⡣
ȡ˰һȡԱ˰Ȩֱǵٺ»ΪյĽǹԱٺ»ȥˣ˰ƸĸȴûеõִС
ôĶ߱ĩڵĸֱ֡
ߵһҲ⡣
һ磬ĳߵһ͸øĳµʷˡ
ΪӰټҵĴڣҺͼ޵ķŴǹûڰУ¶ϵȻܳɹ
ĳڲĶȨⲿԡ
ŵ׼Щ˰һ£Լ֪;飬ƶһµ˰ȵʱС
˴߽һ̣˵Եˮɣ˾ũ½ոġ
ŵŸոд˼УͷҲû̧˵ȷŰɣһԡ
ߵߣ˵æģι㡭
Ѱãһſŵιŵ
ϵľڣʵ͢Ҫʩµ˰𣿡
ŵҡҡͷ˵ʱС
ʵΪʲô
ŵ򵥵ĺһ£˲ǸΥ͢ɷ𣿡
ŵ˿˵ǵĵ̣Ǿǳ͢صĹԱǵģҲкܶǵĹԱҲͷ͢˰ղġ
Լһѣ˵Ҫǳ͢ҾҵĹԱȥմ޼ҵ˰޼ҵĹԱȥҵ˰ҵĹԱȥ֣ҵĵ˰Һȥ
ŵ±ʣϣ˵ֲɵôܻڶó͢棬ǻ֮㲻ԸԳ͢ʱȴһ¶ġ
˿ŵĻ˫ۻƣĲӣ˵˰ģ͸٣˰ղǵְǵĹ٣ÿڳ͢Ӱ죬Գ͢Ҳû
ŵҡͷ˵ҲС
Ϊ͢ôĹԱΪľǳˣһὫԼĹԱԼĵ̣ӶǿԵطĿơ
͢ʶһ㣬ǲһЩ޹صĹԱ
ЩԱò˶ãǻᱻص
˵ģܻǵĶ֡
ڰҹԱȥ޼ҵ̣޼ҹԱȥҵ̣͢ҲûɹҲǿи̯˰գЩ˿ɲҺ֣̯͢ȥ˰ǻ̰ͷϡ
ԣԥ˵͢տ˰ǽ̰գðץȫˣɱô̰٣Ϊɣ
ŵĿŷˣһʱԡ
ڶ̶䣬һַչԭһڶַŮˡ
Щ˰䷨ɹӮŵСӮΪ
̰գ˰ǣӮŵӮǷΪ
ղ˰չְȻûֱӿǵΪ࣬Ҳһ㷨ΪŵСӮ
ܽΣ䡣
˼ŵôЩĵͷСңǲ̫ˡʵҲ۰գ⼸꣬⻼ֻбĸǿ󣬲ӵԱ
ŵΪ⡣
һֱУŮӵ
ȻŶգҵڣҺܶӪȴûչ¶ʲôϵ
ղ˵һȴͨŮܹ˵ġ
٣ˣΪİ̸ⷽ档
ŵ˼Ȥʵʲô⻼˵
˽͵Ȼˣңȥ길׼ɱڳĹԱȻһֱûʲô֣Ѻ޼˳͢ң˵λʥֵǿʢ֮ʱЩҴĸһγôĿԺܻᱨò
ŵ΢΢ͷ
ʵҲʼû顣
ˣǼ˺ͰУҲҪǰԹһƾϣ
ˣʵ⻼أ
˱棬˵⻼ȻκˣפΪʵΪģκǿڴģ̶ʮڣͼ˵ǵǣκͳ⼸Уͬʱϣͬʱв
ŵȻκͳУ֪顣
ˣʵЩ飬˭˵ģ
˵˵İؼԺ¥ĿˣǴԹҲвʹϲʱ̸۹£ǶĿȾģԹҲЩ˽⡭
˵һͳ֮־ʷϱ̲֮УȻǿԹλȴԶԹԹֻʹڹȴĹһ߾С𣬽ֱӺĴ
ŵ˼˵ûĳ˶Ǻ󣬱߾ĴİԹ⣬ı߾ֻһЩΪС
һЩС𣬾ľء
κȻȴǿ󣬵Ҫ̲ģҲǲܵģκͳǿĹ֣ıȻС
͢ȻĿ鷢
֮ʱľͺԹΪѰǩ˾ͬˣһ⵽֣һ
Ȼģ֣ǿκͳҲõİܾ˵Ľֵֵá
½ܰȼ꣬Ǹúƽ
ڵʱսĩڣλؼϵγһ΢ƽ⣬˭Ҳ̲˭ǿ̲ҲԪˣΪ̲Ķ
ʱͦŶӣ߽˵κͳִģԹȻԹۣĹսѵᵣ
Щɬ뿪ŵϣȻŵκִ֮ʱԹ߾±Թ֧Ԯ𣿡
üɣһֱ͸ǩкƽԼ
ҡҡͷ˵ԼõĻͲڵûвһʵӦСģǲ˼꣬Ѿ쵽˸ĸ߲㣬Ӱ͢ľϡ


358 з
ŵĿŷˣǵһʶһ
ô˵ŵڣеĴ󲿷ֹԱڴ½Ƶ֪ûôȫ̡
ŵ̲סʵôӰ͢ľϵģ
˿˿ŵֿ˿ʵû磿
ŵδ֣ҡҡͷʵʲô
еǸֳһ˿䣬˵ǰ̲ʱ˵ܵ֯ʮأȴ˾ҪĶ࡭
˵˵ͷ˵Ȼܵܵǹϵ֮֮ʱѾˣһֱ񣬼ǵ͸˶ٹңû֪
ŵŷˣɻЩǴ֪ģ
Ǳĳֻ䣬ͷЩʧ䣬˵ҺҹݺģǸʱǻСַ˶˲赹ˮʱ򣬾Ǵжôǿ󣬶Ҳš
ŷ˵֣ο˵ǰ鶼ȥˡ
Ϊ÷䣬ŵתƻ˽˵ûĹȻǿģ鱨ȴܱȣʷϣĵһЩ鱨Ҳʱǰȡ֪͢ôġ
˻˵˵͢һЩݺңԴҳӵ˼룬ˣǻɫڵŮܵһǹԱЩŮܹܵڸǱʮ꣬ڸ͢Ӹλ
ѹĵôǿǰܵķʽŵ;ÿ¡
ݺҵ˷ʤˡ
Һ͹ԱǱʮŮܵǻܵǲǼ
ǸʱǸȡ鱨ǵãǸҵ͢мԱ˭ỳԼĸܵ
μΪ˭ҪǸ˵ϷĳμҼֵܻ˺
ɣǾн죬֮Ͽļ仰ܾ̺ų͢ĳЩܡ
ܵǱ˾УһսԷܹǰ鱨̻ô
˵һȷŵ˼ֽȸС
ڵ徳ΪһǵҲܶ
½ĺƽѾ᧿Σûиʱ䣬׼
磬ʡڣٴμŵ
ŵ˰ķݷȻûдҵ棬ȴ˴ĹԱܹ˰ޡ
ƵǹԱʵƵ
ǵûôһὫ´أҿڹԱ£һָԱȷԼ档
ͬ飬͢ȴʧˣһЩطԱᴴֿ˰Ӵ˰ջǻ䵽յϡ
ŵǾͳһ˰ƣֹطµ˰֡
ҡͷûõģǻԸɣĽȱתƸգ͢ɵѲʷҲֶı
ŵһΣѲʷ
ĿŵʵûʲôѲʷ참ˣնࣿ
ƤһȻʲô
ǳʱ̣бҪ÷ǳֶΡ
˵Ľܺá
ҪôӣҪôͷ
ҺͷҵΪҪһ
࿴˿ŵյзֻܱͣʡûնȨ㵹ǿȥ
ŵҵȨ
൭ȥҪ»
뿪ʡŵȥһ˴¡
߳µʱŵЩп
ԹĻ飬ȫ鷳ˡ
зҪеģȻĻԴﵽЧ
ЩԸϣȻõģϾҲʲôɱ֮ˡ
ڶһ磬ŵ֮ǳ緹ʱܼҴ߽ﱧһѽɫĳݸŵ˵үүġ
ŵӹ˽ѽĽʺͽͨɻƽ죬֮ϣһͼһͳԻʼҡ
ҪǣѽϣһϢ
ǸܵϢһֶĤݵĳ嶯
ŵеĽǡз
ŵרȥҹףѽӦþӱġ
ΪĹİ֪֮ҲЩ𾪣૵ʻûд͹ʲôз
ݣҲ͸ôҪĶ
ƣзɷ֮ϵ˾ʶԹĶ裬Ѿһ˼ĵز
з֣ŵûʲôˡ
֮ʡڳ˹㷺ۡ
һǹ˰ĵġ
͢Ҫ˰ģÿһΣСˮò˶þ͵÷ֹ
˰ģҲ޷ǾǾᡣ
ȡе˰ƹԱ˰ޣ飬ھܻУڵطϣȴʵ֣»һճ
ڶǹڿƾٵġ
飬ͺˡ
괺죬͢Ҫټһƾ١
úܶ벻ͨˣƾһ죬ĳʱڹԱȱλ϶࣬ڵƾ֮ϣʵĶ¼ȡһЩʿ
͢Ѿ˿ƾ٣¼ȡˣǰĿƾ٣ʮҲ¼ȡôʿΪ˫֮ɵĹԱȱλѾõ˽Щ¿ƽʿٳٵòίΡ
£ôûپпƾٵıҪ
ֵǣڴ֮ǰȻûһϢ͸¶
񲿺ĹԱҲûյ
Ǵ֪飬ƺ̲ɼ˵ŵ飬ֱͬģδʡۡ
͸ˣﱸƾ٣͢ҪҪڹԱȱλ£֮١
ⲻ״Ԫ顣
ܿ죬һίϢ
Ѿ̲ɣ˵ŵֱίΪѲʷ
ʷٹ٣ǳĳǵطĹԱǵļܡ
УѲʷְѲӵططԱʧְǲ֮
ѲʷֻмȨûдȨǿԵȵس֮ʹȨҪôãҪ̲ʹ¡
ܿ죬һϢӹд˳
һз
зǱƸӿֲĶ
ֻڷ֮ȥ̷зȴܺϷɱˣƷµĹԱֻҪкɣնࡣ
зĳӣһֶֻù
Ǵ䣬ƹ˾ɱ˭ɱ˭зֶò
зǸ˭Ҫģ
𰸲Զ
ĶѲʷһѲʷҲûʲôзѲʷɾͲһˡ
ĸݴʷ߲Ʒ
ѲʷݣзԽطúɱ顣
ôҪĴɱ˵͸
ɣǲǾȹµ
£鲢Ҫ
Ҫǣ⼸Ƿ⿴Ʋصļ£ʵŽܵϵ
͢طԱ˰˲ǵأŵίѲʷзͬʱ͢ͻأһƾ١
ϸ˼֮£ֲ
ǲζţ˭Υ͢ͻᱻзֱӿԴ
ӵһƾ٣Ϊ˼ĴԱȱλ׼ġ
ôɺϣ͢һϵж⣬Ѿˡ
һʱ䣬𣬲¼ɲϡ
ԺѧӣѾ˷ܣ޷԰Ρ
꣬ÿ궼пƾ٣ѧ˵Ȼĺ¡
¼ȡλʿЩĶ֣Ѿɹϰˣƾ٣ǵľȻСࡣ
һĿƾ٣ǸܸС
͢ڸλᡣ
ǲϣģϣŵܶɱһЩԱڳλãʱ¼ȡĽʿҲࡣ
صĳѾųȥü׼

ŷˣüͷ΢ʵ˵ǲģĳ͢ҪԵطԱ֣
˿ڲ裬˵ģȵѲطʱЩطԱûдЩ飬٣
׼콫ػȥЩƲϵ
÷ѾɹĴҡ
òܵûʲôãɲз֮¡
˵ֿ꣬򷿼ڵһӰʵԧ죬أμҵλү㻹û𣿡
ԧ̾һ˵ιԸȢңҴӦⱲֻȢһĸײͬ⡭
˼Ƭ̣иֳһ˿ɱ⣬ˣͲ赲˰ɣ
ƳһۣȰòҪ๫ʲôģδѣһ鵽ԧ칦һҲܱۡ
еɱɢȥ˵ûĶӷǳưΪһμҷǵϵӵܣֵðա
ԧ죬˵Լ취ɣμȻȲңܹһλӵܣҲ£Ժܻ𵽴ãУͳתĿꡭ
ƺ뵽ʲôֿˣ˳ǣ๫ˣǴˣȻҵķˣҪͼʲôǵ飬֪ӽӵĿģ֪ʲô³
Ų豭һ󵭵֪ѡ
Ҳδԣڵ֪ͺã´ʲôҪ鱨ʱ㱨
뿪֮ԧվڷ֮ڣ̾˿
ߵǰʵô㲻Ը޸褣
ԧ쳤̾˿˵ιӶҺܺãңԸ޸Ҳƭ
˿ʵϲ𣿡
ԧĬƬ̣΢΢ͷ˵˲һΨĶҵģ֪ǻűĿĽӽ
Ĭ
ԧĵǣֺγĵǡ
ú˫ۣᱧ˱ԧ죬οϲͲҪڵ£Ժ飬˭֪ء


359 Ĳ²
Ȼƽƽ֮£ȴɽ¥ѹ֡
̲ɼ˵ŵΪѲʷбз¿ɱϿն̰٣Ȩնࡣ
⣬񲿺ҲѾյƾٵ֪ͨ
ͷѪɺӵǰס
ÿһз֣Ѫȷ硣
ʡյگԣ͢ҪԵطˡ
һΣġ
̶գݾ½յ˳Ĵš
һα䷨ңԵطԱġ
ڵطΪ٣ضҪ͵ʿùϵʿǲԸͽعҿ£ΪĹԱǵأǲø͢˰ġ
һʿ˰Ҳܴлȡôνȫ
͢һԱ˰أϸơ
أ˵ɽ
һʱ򱻲鵽ҲǱְ³
ҪǣεѲʷݣͬһ㡣
ǿǴĶӣûб̨ʷŵҪǵϽ£صĹԱϵʷµξĹ¶
Ѿ˷ŵĿġ
Ϊ߾ķǿߣǳ˰ģǳǵԴġ
οƾ٣Ϊǵλã
ҪǵԴа
һʱ䣬عԱĻ̻̣ǣһʱͱš
Ա⣬Щػ㣬ٲҪˣ
ǲТĲҪʳٶռɣ
סڣ뺦٣ʲôʱչТ
Щأ
ûȥɣյϣֱûǣһݽɫý˰Ͷ˰ʱͷ۱١

˭ЩػµģϿ컮ߣ
ʲôûҪûҪͻ
ʷϴһ˸ɵˣ
ɱѲʷǲǷˣ֪֪εѲʷ˭Լӣ
޻ˣΪǸǽ𣬲˭ɱģȫҶ

ˣ
ģȥͲӦôӦǣ
˭ĵ˭ջȥȱ˰ٲϣҪ£ǰҲǣ


θ
ܿŵǣżˣǣˣ۾Ȼ𾪵㣬ǡôУ
˽ŵ֣˵ôУѡ๫
ֻԴһΣȻŵλŮ⣬ҲûŮ޸
ʲô飿
촽˶ɻû˵ʲôһԵƳһۣ˵ˣֻҪԼԸͺãͱˣ
૵ǡ
ʲôҪ㣬ҪָΪ飬н𣿡
ĬĬĿһۣҪˣͬн졣
仰û˵
ӹȻдҲһⶼûС
˿Ƿˣ˶ûȻҲûзԵɡ
̾˿֮˰֣˵ˣǵ飬Լɡ
ŵǾһ˵лˣĸˡ
պθ˹ϵġ
ĸվһߣֻҪ˺ϷһأͲʲô谭ˡ
μȻԴ˱ʾ𾪣𾪹󣬲δʾԡ
ŵлԼˣ޸ȴǼˣֶϲվ˭һߣⲻ˽÷Ŀ岻ϡ
һ־˵ӦõĴʽˡ
ˣǻᷴԡ
ʹμҲǴĶ壬ŮҲȻҪ޵ģΨһޡ
Ϊ״Ԫᣬȡ˸ߵĳɾͣö޸ҲûμңϾʼҹԸίμȻҲûʲô
Ϸǵ֣ģĳֻҪܷ޺ģʲôá
ŵǣż˽㣬ǣʦ㣬ȵŴ̧ͣͷԼĸףʵʦҲҪ޸ŵ𣿡
ԴЦ˽㣬ںСʱ򣬾ŵˡ
룬ʵԺԺĽ޸һ𣿡
껺˵У
ɻΪʲô
껺һ˵״ԪȢŮ
ϸ룬ʵŵ״Ԫǵҳˣܼ޸ŵ𣿡
껼ˣ̵ȻУ
죬ĹĵΪʲô
ŵֺÿֻᵯٻҼңΪʲôܼ޸أ
˵оǲУŰ꣬СӲҪô࣬ʮʱ˵˵飡
ܲģ첻˵ˡ
ʮĽŵ÷Ȣ˭Ȣ˭¼˺˶޸Ҳûʲô
Լԧ飬ȴôͬ⡣
յ緹ŵ뵽䡣
󣬿˵÷ͰȰȰҵɣͬҺԧ飬ⱲӾͲˡ
ŵ¶ɫ⡭
ʵҲ顣
褺ԧ죬νͶϣ褲μҵĵճӣԧݣҲѱμŽܡ
μҵļ£ŵò֡
ɿ褰û취ܾ
ڷڿ飬ΪǸˣ̧ͷʱվЦŵôˣ
ŵ֮һŵȭ˵лͬҺ˵顣
ЦЦ˵Ը飬ģʲôɷأ
ŵ˶٣ٴοڵʵҹģղŸңȢԧⱲӾͲˡ
һ㶣Լղ˵Ļ˿Ҳᷴ
Ĭã̾Ϣһ˵Сӣǰҵʶλԧ֮Ϊ˺лģȻͨ˱飬Ҳ֪ǹʲôõģĻȥˡ
ŵʵͷ˹
ŵǣȿȡ
¶Ȼ֮ɫ˿˵ˣȢʲôˣԼѡֻҪԼԺ󲻺ھͺá
͵仰ܽ˵лл
ӶķӦŵ褿ڣҲҪӦġ
ص԰һʱ佫¸֪˷ˡ
̫ˣ
˱ĸ첲Ц˵ԧ֪ˣһܿĵģ
ֱϴѹȣŵ̲סͷһۡ
ɫһ죬̷ſ֣˵ȥˣ
ܿӣŵп˿֮ŵģʵϣ˵Ƥ
ڵķͦȤġ
ŵǰ£˶ЩûʲôҪֻ˵Ҫȵʽ֮
˵ĻôҲˡ
ŵѾƻˣʱ򣬿ԽѲĻᣬ˳ȥԹ
뿪ԹôãҲ֪Ůʱôˡ
ŵ˼䣬ںȻ֮Ȼ׳ࡣ
ص֮ȻҵΪûôӣҵΪÿ춼ۿɼ
һ棬ΪǳһΪı䶯Ҳܲ
һ棬ũңңīңֻǽиֱ䷨ֻҪĿΪ˰գͬʱС
ڸղţΪѾȻͻƵ˵
ζţĳһ飬ӦѾԵĳЧ
ʡ
ǰϣһ¡
Щ£ǴӸݸġ
ȥ͢Ҫ˰ģطԱϣȡķʽܳ͢顣
һΣ˰ĵĻûʽ䲼ݹԱϱΪӦ͢ĺ٣ǽԼ¶ȫ˳
ʳȫС
ЩطҲ׷Ч£˴ء
Щ˰ĵݣǰ͢ͼʩйģͬݣǰȫʧܣȴ˳ó͢ලԼϡ
ŵǾ仰һεõ֤
䷨ٲѪ
зΪѲʷ֮Щڤ粻ĵطԱ̾µ˳͢Ѵ
ЩԱòܸԵĽûص⡣
أǼҵС
٣һδεʧУһϣ
̧ͷ֪ʶһ顣
͢Щ䷨֮˳ĽУǰÿһ谭Ҫԭ
ֳܹȨѾˡ
ңΪʢңڳеҲʣ޼
Īǣ
뵽ĳһܣȵģҲЩ¶
¡
á
վ÷ڣֱһҽֲᡷĳһ̣һӰ߽˵ˣˡ
Ļո£һӰѾ߽÷֮ڡ
࿴һ꣬ڵȥ
꿴΢΢ͷ
껺£еᣬ౧˱ȭкҪ£
ûпڣȭʱ򣬺Ȼ֣ס
һ˿Ȼ֮˳֣ڡ
Ȼ֮壬ͬţ뺣ûκλӦ
ջ֣ʧ֮ɫ
´𡭡


360 ͬʱٲ
¡
࿴Ŀ⼫ȸӣʹޣпϧҲв⡣
ǰ֮ˣ⣬Ҳĵӡ
ǸʱǺεȵ緢
״Ԫب˸
Ϊ¿ƽʿ֮ףһӣӦ
ǸʱΪδĳãġ
Ȼڵĳãȷġ
ӽһ졣
ҪҪз˵־֣ȨӰΪݽ棬ȨΪ
¶Σ񲻽⡣
һԼԤ⣬ʮȥȻΪ֮ϣһ֮µĴڡ
ҪĽҪĹ̡
ʮǰһҵȡ壬Ϊ˴ʱѡ˱塣
ͬţ͵
һȻҲʧ
Щ죬ÿÿŵʱͷ·𿴵˵Ǹ˵Ӱӡ
һ̳ܽĶӣ
Уһ˿ϣ
ǵı䷨Ѿһַʽˣɵĸӳס
ʱֻȨȨ񣬴ȨѾʧ
һֻ踺أһַʽɶʮǰɵ飿
ȷµķʽܼ򵥡
ֻҪĲ䣬Ȼ㲻ʧ
ʧ
ڣû˿Ȼ֮ڡ
ҰʥϵΪ򣬲Լղŵ̽顣
ĿƵĿʵϷ㵽Ҫʲô
Ļ
ྶֱʵ˫֮Һɱ˶ȨѪϴڳԱΪʲô
ĬƬ̣ڵȻΪ˱ǣҲ䵽ĵزǲƽ
ȻǵĹʶ໹ϣһĻش
ֻôһ㣬һΪ˰գΪȥЩͬ
ûٿڣתֱȥ
Ҫ߳÷ʱŲٴһ٣δͷٴʵ⼸£Ȩ̵İӣǲģ
Щ죬һ顣
ܸıЩˣǾͻǡ
ϢɱЩȨ󣬶κκۼģûмˡ
ƹܴº˾֮һ
ҡҡͷ˵ǡ
ʧ֮£û˵һ䣬Ĭ뿪
֮÷ڿռһ󲨶һӰֶ
վԣ뿪ķʵ£
Ȩ̵İӡ
Ŀ΢δ˵ʲôϵᣬҵˣҽϣǶľ츳
Ƭ̺ٴʵ޻жã
ꡣ
üͷʵô٣
Ĺˣ֮ÿĳԪԻѪ䣬Ҳάֲ˶á
Ļ壬ѾҪɱˣѵҪȥɱ޵Ķ𣿡
Ŵ⣬˵ˣ½֮ϣɲֻϻ塣
ĬãĪҪֻɱǣһͳ£
ջߣ˵ŽǿߣãҪͬ٣Ψ¹
ûٿڣĬú˻䣬ʧԭء
÷ĳ֮ϣһƴСƿ
ƿеҺ壬ֳѪһ졣

԰
ת֮䣬سѾнˡ
˺ͰԤھڽգḻŮҽÿʮʱߡ
£̫ҽԺЭ£ŵѾ˴ҽƵĻĸ
һƣҽƸĸص㡣
ȥһڣѾиͨʸķʽɹ˺ӣĸƽ
ȻҽӵŮ˵ҪһŹء
ĸ˵˺˵ʱ򣬼ҽڳҲʹ࣬Щ¡
Ľĸףʲĸˣ֮ʱЩɥ
񣬼˺ͰѾݿˡ
ֻ˯һ˯֮κ˿ڶ¡
СͤУλؼλ׼ҶϷ
һֽϷĵʱ򣬻ʱ䡣
ڼҵĺôǣ˿ȫ˺ͰеĻ
ŵʣһߵ㡣
ʽ챻ϳˣԭչӵһӡ
ϣʾΪԷʱ򣬲СĽһ׵ϣϳ
޴ȥֻŵ
ʱ䣬ʰ̫ҽԺ˾ũ²æЩũҵҽеĵŵΪͬĿǰ˶ûͻƵ徳ϡ
״γ֣ΪشǵõĺôҲࡣ
һҪϴһ˲֮䣬ΪǣǸµļ¡
ԽıԽѣŵϾǹרҵģЩ˽⣬ֻڱ棬ĿǰĽʮֻ
ͤУˣΪĳ
ӣ˵Ȼ߸ˣʥһȭնܴ飬Ƿҵʥ˿𣿡
ʥԳ棬Ծʥ𣿡
ȻͼҲ׽Ը䣬
ͰǲԸڼΪ졣
죬ΪһҸ
ϰԵĿˣʵ˽㣬˵ͷңһ
˵Ŀⶼεҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪Ҫȵ˺ӣٱһȣ
ڵԣŵ˵ȻīˣʥͷʥҲһˣīʥˣһ˾ܿưش𣿡
ŵδԴ˷ʲô
֮䣬ûоԵǿ
Ҳû˵ʥйʲôԡ
Ҫ˵һҸǿΪ͵ңб۵ʸ
Ȼ壬߸
ͬȾ£ȴߺȻ֮
£ƽȡ
Ұʥ˼µĴڡ
ϧҪеʥѶҲ⼸ҵĺܶ౶
Ҫ˵һұҸǿҲֻǻʼˡ
ͬǵʼҺǿģǿĲֹһ㣬һǷңҪڻȨ֮£ǲսʤǵĻʵۡ
ɼĻʵ۸ʵ֮ǿԼͬǵĹңҪܵݺҵĲŪͰڲƺҲƲǿ
С֮ͤڣһ˵Ⱦͱȣ
ľʱûзֳʤ徳֮һֱûٴαԵĻᣬˡ
ҲƳһۣм㰡
£Ȼһͷ¡
λŮҽԶʶʲô̵֮Ҫˣط
˼æҴղźˣҲ˼ֽ֮ɫ
ŵһʱ䶪ͣᱧ׼õĲȥ
˲żˣ׼߻ȥʱȴɫ΢䡣
˵ͷ˿˳Ŀȥһ䣬̵ˡҲҪˣ
һ֮󣬵ϣһַż˵һִ䴩׷ŵȥ
Ƭ֮԰


361 ĳŵ

һĳΣͣ԰ſڡ
԰ڡ
Ϸ˫ֺʮвͣĵ
λμҸ˲ʱʱ̧ͷǰյķš
ԺﲻͣŲӣԼ˺˵ʱʹ࣬ٴθͷвǡ
֣οİɣŵ棬ʲôġ
վԶԵʣһ
ʸܵߣĬĬԶһЩ
ۣ
Ӳ֮ڴһӤޣŵģ˵ϡ
һŴ򿪣˫۸ԱһеӤ
һʱӭȥ
˻УһģһСһϸֳһ˿Цݣ۵С˵ÿʱ񡭡
ûãһӤޣûã˵ĻҲһ˳
һεһʱǴеӤ֣˵Сһ۾ֱͰһģӳġ
ΧҸոճʱ֮ڣŵ֣ӰСƿ
ҽ޸֮£СĵڣѾʧ
ͬʱļҲϸ۰𪣬ͻǰ
ոհһУŵȻЩۣ㣬ȴܳ嵭еϵƣ
ż˺Ͱ֣˵ˡ
£˺ͷ˽ӱ˽ϷˣĸˣԼμҵļλˣҲ߽˷䡣
˺ͰźӣȻȻ¶ģŵδЦݡ
ŵ߳䣬ЦŶ˵ϲ㰡Ժǵ׵ˣ
ŵЦЦ˵л
һ˵Ǵϲӡ
԰磬ȫ˹׼λСүССĵ硣
һǰŵ׼Ӥˡ
ִӤСһڻԶҡεӤϣ˯㡣
ŵڴǰֺǺǵĿǡ
Ҳû뵽˺Ͱͬһӡ
Сһʱ䣬ӣͼ˵һ̥ȳȻͰŮ
μҺͻʼҵĻȷǿͼ̫ƣŮüۼҲӡ
ʺŵŶСǰСһȻôຢӣԺͰùкһòã
ŵҲûԥ
̾˿ùϣҲлʼҵѪǵĺӣҲûʲôԺǼ̳лλҲ㹻ġ
Ҳֻһʱ뷨
ܲϻλ˵
飬ʵûУ
ŵĿǰûжǵ֡
Դˣͼ˺ͰҲ˺ֱܶѡֱ죬ûվ
ƽʲô鶼ܹϵļˣϣҲѡ֢
ӵ֣һ㶼ĳԢ⣬Ÿĸǵ
褵ġ褡˼йصģϣǳԺԳͷأ褺
ŮȡҪһ㣬ˣˣ˵˼˼壬ֺ뵽ĴͷҲ䡣
ʺȻʵˣΪʲôҪŵ
ŵô֪ѵǸΪһʵŵˣ
ֻǣʲôʲôŵ
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ʲô
̾˿Ƶ㲻ŵҲʡ
ŵʲô֣ʲôϵ
ʵǰʵģʶ֮󣬾͸Ҹ֣˵ŵ˳ڡ
ŵһȻʵǰʲô֣
̾˿˵ǰҽе꣬Ȼ͸Ҹˣ꣬ҲӦ
ŵ촽˶ֲ׵飬Ǵġ
Ȳֵŵ˯ĺǣΣȡ飬ȥˡ
ͼ˶˾ᣬǣŵѡȫ˸ף
ŵͼΪǵĶ׼ʮУѡˡ̡
մĵĴͳȡԵΪ
ѰտܲںȨʹ˼ҵжǵ֣̩ܵȡ
ڸһ㲻ϴ˼ңûĽ
ΪҳӣҪȣ٬
̣Ҳ
ֵ̡ıǡʡСΣŵͼϣº͵Ըͬʱһ֮ˡ
ͼȡʱõһġ
̣þͽ
бѡУѡ١
СʱסĹӻҲĸϲĻ
ŵдֵֽ߳鷿ʱ̲סعͷʵﵱΪʲôȡŵ
վڴǰŴ⣬˵Ժ֪ˡ
ʲôҲûʳŵҡҡͷת뿪
Ƭ̺ߵ鷿һǰ򿪹ţŹеʮƣĬȻá
ϹźߵǰĳȡһֻССĽС
򿪽УŽеһ֧Σǵĺӽˣұ֤һġ


362 ͷչ
԰
ԴӼ˺Ͱº֮԰ÿն
ŵһ䣬˲ţ񲿣£̲ԼʡͬǣϺ
գɣҲɳ˴ǰء
Դϴִ֮ɶڳ˰´볤ϽĻɽɺͺɽɣźͳԶģҲ˴
ȻԶǧ⣬λʦҲǧףء
ոԹʹŵļλˣŵڵõƬ̵С
˺Ͱָĺܺã˵ûʲôûָġ
ĵ죬˾˽
˱һʦʼջԷ¡
˵ͬ̿ࡣ
սΣʧܸա
Ƿʦͱʦŵ֮ǰ޸ĴɷʱǺͰһģͻƵıҲû죬ʼձѹһͷ
ŵȥӤ˿СһĽ̵ĴβĴʲô
Ļ̌ͷŵʵŵ磬Ϊʲô̵ǵĲһ
ŵҲ֪ôشС⣬ֻܵԺ֪ˡ
ǡĸ˽ŵ˳ƿ
¶ڼŽпգȥ̲ʡ
£ûʲôصİŵЩӻ۵һЩڣԼ¡
޸ɷ󣬴ǰͬİ֮ࡣ
̲߳ţŵҪȥʡŲȴ΢΢һ١
Եƣ
һʮģ㲻׼Ǯ
һƿһ
ŵĿ⣬̲бһͷ
Ϥ̯Ϥү
ԹʱڹүһԣԺӦˡ
û뵽ŵ˻֮Ҳ˳
ŵƬ̣ߵֶ棬߱˱ȭ˵ǰּˡ
ЩӤʵŮ΢΢һЦ˵֮˴磬㰡
ŵ΢΢һ㶣֮ˣ
ʱĿ߻۾ʵСӣʲô
ŵ룬˵
߿ŵָ֣˶˵ᣬʮɻ
ŵϵʣһǧ죬ʮһ㡣
ȻΪЩҲ֡
ŵ룬ֵһԵɡ
Ƴһۣ㶼ѾԵˣ㣿
ŵһʱȻȷŵΣ
˺ͷˣҲĶΣΣ
߲δͣ˵ʮġ
ŵһӣߵˡ
ŵģǰлɡ
˺Ͱô׵Ľ˺ͷˣȻܲģȷŵǵϡ
ŵδ˳֮󣬱뿪
Զȥ֮Ů̲סʵүүǰ˵Ҫ֮ԶһΪʲôֻصˣ
۳룬֮ˣп֮ˣԽǽӽԽǿܿ࡭

뿪̲֮ŵʡ
ȻӼϰȨŻҪʱһġ
ϲˣ
ϲŪߣ
ʡڣСԱŵ׷ױȭء
ŵһһԼ÷ʱ߽Цϲ֡
ְ𣬾ЭһЩӻԼ鹤˵飬ŵʡûãͳΪר顣
ͨŵ˽˽յĳ¡
Ѳʷзƾ١ŵϴεĲЧţӸصķ˰գԴﵽ
⻹ֻвĵ֮ϣҡ
ŵûͨķʽһݵĽ⣬ʵ˵ĿǰȻǳܺ͢ġ
ҽĵƶͲô˳ˡ
ͨ͢ҩĵļ۸񣬸ݵҽݣǬͣҵǮȻпҽţҪѸߵļ۸֮ǰҩģһŭ֮£˳͢
εĴ֮󣬸عٸһֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
ѹҽΪڵľ۷壬ֻôһ㣬޷ͻơ
˵䣬һӰ߽÷ͷһ̹ࡣ
ŵ˹֣˵¹ȸˣ·Ը
뿪֮ŵ΢΢һЦ˵ϲˣΪ˸ĸоô
ŵЩӵĸоǸӵģϲãҲãȻ벻Ρ
ļʶúȻ֮̽һ壬Ŀиֳһ˿ϲɫʵҵˣ
ŵ˵ͷ
뵽ʲôĿһ˿Ȼ꣬Ҳҵ
ŵʵǡ

ŵ֪׵кȻ֮ģȴ֪ȻᣬͺԼһе˵
ŵΪôġ
Ϊͨ츣յĸĸͱ䷨ģʵɡ
ҺͷҲͬ⣬ǴʵɣֻзǷƽ
ޣıʵҪ
ŵΪڳ̶̼£Ҫ۶԰յĹףѾࡣ
е徳ȴֻе
еʱԶһҪԭ򣬸ҪĵС
Ĵ壬ȻѽԼ֮⣬Ϊ˴壬ʱԼؼͥӵеһУԷ
һ㣬ŵ
ֵǣж顣
֪ε˰ģûдҡ
ڣһҵӣƾһɺȻ֮ʵСʱ򣬲˺ĶȨȻ﷢ս
ûǰ£ܽҵɼǶôļᶨ
ŵǣȴЧǡ
ϸ˵ңҲķңǳ˳ΪӼңŵڵߴʮ֣ʷû޵ôӡ
ȻȲǣȫʵϲ
ܿӻתĳĶŵؼؼԣѾǰߣ𽥿ʼˡ
ؼؼιؼƽ£ҵи졣
ؼؼԣʵһķʽҲҵһ׷ġ
Уָ°ԸеĵӰˣҲ
ָΰĹҵΪҺͰմʵʵ棬ŵֱͨ䷨ҲѾˡ
ָ֪Ƽۻ׫дЩۺܹԺָ
ϣҵѾ˼£ڵҵӣǶ˼ļ̳УпԵۣڵԣָҵ͵۴ȥ
Ҷ࣬ڶ࣬˵£ǵĽ̵֮£Ӷӵ˺Ȼ֮ΪʦΪҲܵõ
㣬еıؾ֮·
ŵҪԣһҪҶմĵӡ
ԺڿΣҲһ;
λ䣬ĴԺڹѧ
ֻŵԹ鲻ͬ
ҡԡڵģ黭ֵҲ䣬ҵ˼룬Խѧӱǵ˼Ӱ죬Ȼ֮ԼΪܵõԽ
࿴ŵϸ˵ѡѧʱѡƶӵܣʱ࣬°֮ѣһЩӵܣؼؼСʿӵҲɣףȴҲϲѹ˼ת䣬ӵܵ˼룬Ѿٹ̣Ťת˷ʱ䡭
Լԡľ飬ޱĴڸŵ
ʮǰ
ʮϣִеĶϡ
ˣŵ÷ύ˵ϷҲˣϣܽҷҲϣҴģδܳһλʥ
ŵЩ鼮˵ͷ֣˵һŬġ
ļ鼮أŵȴġ
ĸҽƣĸũңīңЩ⣬ı˵˼룬ЩСʳԴĸӵܣȥ°յĲףûӲԣԼĽ׼£
߳ʡŵĽŲȻһ١
ס
£С
޵̫̫ӣˣһλľ۷ݺҡ
ݺǿӰ˵˼롣
ΪԽ󣬸ı˵˼Խס
ȥֱŤת߾ߵ뷨ڵΪ첻Щ߶㲻ϵͨѧӣǵʲôɾɲԼˡ
ŵȻӦתͷĳ
ĳŵſڣһӰվֶԶԶĿ
ŵòԵĶ΢΢ͷſȥ
ıӰĿиֳһ˿ɫˡ

뿪ʹŵ˳ȥһ˾ũ¡
µ飬СˮһЩĲѾС˾ũ취ģƹ㡣
뿪˾ũʱŵĻ˼ֻӡ
ʱ䣬ˮûжϹũҵļƷˮĽˡ
ŵûֱӻؼң·̲ſ߹
С̯Ȼ
λȴˣֻλŮ
̯ǰûʲôˣŵȥʵүүأ
Ů̧ͷүүԼҪĻҪүүҵΪߣ㲻
ŵ˰֣˵Ҳġ
ӻȡһӣݸ˵㡣
ŮܾŵƢĹ㣬Ҫ˵ڵĻ˻ȥĬĬһڿˮֽӹŵݹӣҧһڣ̾úóԵӣ
ŵЦ˵ҼһкܶóԵˮҪҪȥҼͣҼҳķҲܺóԡ
ŮЩԥǣһҪ
ŵҼһһЩż˳㿴
ŮǬӣ˵߰ɣ
ŵ̽ʵȥҼңүүɣ
Ů˰֣˵ģǰҲһҾԼ͵͵ȥ棬ҲᷣңǶҾʣҺˣָҸء


363 
óԣ
Ҳóԣ
أ̫óˣҳԹóԵķˣ
硭ԺԳǼҳԷ𣿡

԰ŮһӵʳĹĵģеĿӾûͣ
Щ꣬үүϴԷҲڽֱߴպϵģԹôóԵķˣ
ŮڴŵЦЦ˵ȻˣҼҵķˣʲôʱ򶼿ԹóӸ
˵ͷ˵лл磡
˽ŵ棬ͷһۣȵʵôˣ
ԹʱλСλңλСүү
ȻѾʦˣڸһңʮּɵġ
ֻһͷֵഺ껪һ̫š
ŵЦŽ͵ڽˣ˳ͣϾүүҲǵϣܵøлл˼ҡ
ڵңŵǰǱžԶ֮
ܺǴϹϵȻҲһ¡
ҵʵԳС
κһҵĵɱҵ
ɱͬҵĺȴûһλǿܹܡ
ԼΪۣǿͬǿߵ
ɱңҲֻǱǶѡ
޽ǣܸ֪ԼģκȵԤıЧ
ңңߣīҵȸ֮ͬ佻֣ʤδֻ֪Ҫһλңֻͬھһ·
ͷֻôһŮ
õ㣬ǲдġ
һʱ԰ſڡ
һ㽶ﻹһĹҵĲŵ˻˻֣˵㣬ټ
ŵʾ´
Ůĵ˵ͷת뿪
׼ȥŵڿʵôˣ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ûʲô
ݺҵ˼밵ʾΪԼģûκá
ŵݺΪֻǵľ۷壬徳ˣʾ
߻԰Ӥĸ˱̣˱ŵ߹ȥ˳ִӼнӹŮҡ
˿ŵ촽Ȼһµĳ嶯ĸһ֮ʲôû
ʱŵ߳ӤӼ˵΢˼밵ʾͬõģòԡ
ղŷֱʾ˺ͼԴˣûκηӦȻЩӦӣĸڳʱ϶ô
ɼݺȻܹӰͬףʾΪǺģҪӱӰԭԸ
ĽһԺӣŵ˻֣˵ŵ磬ɣ
û£ŵĽһ壬һҲܹ֡
ŵµʱĽվ߿ţĳһ̣Ȼ̽Դŵһ¡
һ㶣ʵĽʲô
ĽƳһۣҾŵ磬ôˣ
ܹ˵ҲҪף
ŵͬ⣬ŵһһ¡
ŵǵԴ˵ɣ绹ЩҪ
ʵŵóۣݺҵ˼밵ʾͬô󣬵ڶԷΪԶԼʱȴǽά
ĽʵѾڶ۷ˣԴȴȻûκεֿ
ˣ˵ͨˡ
ҲѹݺңԼ˽׷ŮӣҲûи㲻ĸԷ
߾ݺңƾһڳý꣬䣬ʵڣŪڹ֮С
½Ҳǵ֡
ݺңһ˳羴һ˺򣬵ǽҽȴ벻Ч
ŵǼ伮ִȡһֽʿʼд
ʱͷ
ߵ̯ǰүүѾˣŶӣڵ
ͷվԣ߲û˵ʲô
ƺ뵽ʲôСóһӣְһӣͽߵ˵үү㳢ˮɺóˡ
̾˿˵ô̰̰ԣʲôʱܼ̳Ƕҵ²
ŮƱҿɲȥģһЩżȥѧϰģ㿴
˵ţСȡһƵ鼮
ⱾǴģ˵Եٻ
ֽӹⱾ飬鿴źܲƣ涼ûУǰЩȱҳɢһֹӵζָһ㣬Ѿϵʷˡ
˼еݣ¶֮ɫ
⻹һ鼮ϼ˲ٹҲ
ҲԼΪУңѾʧʷУʧģһЩŵ
ȥǣϵĶԹиĽͲ䣬ⱾϼصЩѾµȡҲЩڵľ
ŮүүĿⱾ飬Ц˵ûƭɡ
ûлӦĿֱϵһſհҳ
һ鼮м䣬ĪĳһſհҳǺֵ顣
ߵУһҳǿհס
Ϊһҳ
ͨ޷һҳݣΨо߱Ϊ͸ڣҳݡ
ӵֶεģȻǵҡ
һҳϣһ
һ֮
Ϊңκ˶ʲô֮ǣҲֻܷԼΪ١
СȻаţҲƾձġ
ÿһ죬ͻһ˵ټһꡣ
ҳϼص֮ϻͨȡ˵ӳԼ̣ȴʮִԼ̡
˾ѪΪٵҩ֮٣Ϊࡣ
ٵõľѪͨ˵ľѪǻӵܡ
һˣѪ̺һ˵ɷ¡
Ǿ֮ͨпܱ˵ƭȥ
ΪңԿ϶һɺԣ
ǹҲ
Ȿˣϲ⣡
Ȼ֪ʵĿʲôǿⱾ飬ĻӵܾҪˡ
ûʵ۱ûʲô취˻ʵ֮Ļӵܣɾûʲô·ˡ
ڣе޽֮£δزִʵ۵⡣
ϾմһߣǵľѪϵȵٵϡ
Ļʵۣɱǣʮ꣬ӵһ˿ƾϣ
ĻʵһɱҲʵʱڣ»ʼλҲӵоɻʵΪʱ½ٲһѪȷ硭
Ȼʶһ顣
ѵ˵Ȩ̣ԭڴˣ
ָһ㣬ʲôû㵽
ʣ飬ͬǿ߲֡
еĹżܾﲻԡ
ϸ֮̽۾Ȼ
ⲻǹż
˽ʩչⱾϣǿڴ֮ļ󣬶Էٵֶ˵ı棬Ҳƭ˹ȥ
ôôյļһ
˶Ȿ飬˭ҵʵۣ
Ϊ˳壬ΪǿɱĶ
ЩСҲ徳Ϊ
һΪۣȫ⡣
ߵɫ𽥱Ȼӵˣǵ֮Ѿ˼һѣΪ
ġ
ʹ
ĳĹ֮ڣĻʷзƵıᣬӻȡһ״ƿеһöѪɫĵҩ븹С
ŵҩڣ޼һư׷תΪɫ

ҡ
ҼҴҵ̤һԺӣĳݵš

һϵźҼСĵ߽һ԰׵˵棬ǰЩӣһλؽԵһ飬Щ֮ڹĿ
ӻȡһƵĹ飬ĵȥ
߷飬һдĹżû⣬ĿհҳʱĿȴ΢΢һ
Ҽڵʵڣ顭
Ŀйâҡͷ޻̸֮ʲôٵϷ˰ֱ꣬δţʼѪã
˵֮ҼʶʲôĿȻһŰ׷ߣڣȥİ꣬ϻ壬°ˡ
̿ˮ˵±Ԫ⼸꣬ÿγ֣·ϻͯһ㣬˶֪г֮ȴû֪ģĪǡ
׷ĿâȻվ˵ʲô
Թ
ʦ
߷зƵᣬҡͷⱾɵģϲʲôٵȻعٵҲҽԼڵҩ֮ϣû徫Ѫٵ
Թ̫ϻʵĹȨԼĹʵ۵ķϻ࡭ָνͣ
촽˶һ㣬ȷʵ޷͡
ѵԻ֮ѪƵҩֻʧˣ
ˣΪʲôҪһٵĹż
еġżᵽŨŨıζ
ǴΧҽΣһб䣬ڲ䶯Შ½׸ı½ĸ֡
Ȼʲô㲻ĻһΨ²ҵݺҳˡ
κ

ĳ̯ϣһλӴӵ̯һƵĹżʵǮ
̯ƺܸȤתת˵ӺǼǰ飬ϼ˺ܶʧĹһҪϲһ
Ƭ̺ĳĸ֮ۡڣӿһλˣʵ棬ٵĴ𣿡
Ŀ⶯˶ȻڴݴɣĻʵϷ飬ָνͣ
ѵ

ֻһСΪһ֮ʵۣҲոյ徳Ϊ
СλòԶ½ģλĽ紦һСʢڣƫһ缸꣬ͬʱϹѾ˼ꡣ
Щӣ˼ңȴľսҹ¡
֪ʲôʱ𣬹ڿʼһҥԡ
˵֮Ѫܹٵһ壬һЩұ뼫Σյľء
ļҵĵɵȫ塣
ڴЩǿǰСûκϵġ
ʹ֮ڣʵԼλүڽŵ¡
ô죿
ֹԹҲƵĴԡ
׵ҥԣӦòŰɣ
ɴĻʵ۵飬ָνͣ
ʵڲУ޿ɷλܱȫ壬ǷλҲ޷
ôһ죬û˸λ
ܲôˣλȫȣأ޻Ƿֵġ

ġ

ĳӱߣѴɡ
ӻվɡԶеһöƯ˼֮ȻˮУ̧ˣһ㱻𣬷Ž¨֮С
¶ϲɫߵߵһɡ£Ц˵ƳһµĶϣҵ㣬һ࡭
˵˵ţüͷȻһ޼һ˿˵ôͷˣ
źˮ΢΢ĸƯЦ׷ǺѰ𣿡
üͷĸ˵̫ˣҪæ£Ҫæ˾ȰٴΣ㽫ֵȥǲ
ЦЦû˵
վߣ˼ã˵˵Ѫɵҩ˷ϻͯҪѪ㣿


364 ŵĿƾٸ
ͷ
գһϣʱھʹ˳
֪˭˵ǻѪҺһֵҩܹ֮٣ϻͯ
׵ĴԣɵӶţʼ֮Աǵġ
ǽºʹȨǵԼгϵ֮󣬾еϸ˼ּˡ
ºԹʵǲͬʱλģԹʵ۴޽ѾλŮʡ
ͬΪĻʵۣĵı£ƺһ㶼ܹ˵ķɣԽԽᣬ飬˺ˡ
ǰ񲻵βֻܳΪǱгɡ
ɽºͽյĴϵƺֶһֺĿܡ
Ȩ󣬽лѪ
ȥһڣȨ٣в
ĪѪͬУ
һֱ棬ȥ˫֮ңɱȨ󱨳ʱΪʲôֹϾǿɶͬ壬ΪʲôĿһɱˣ
ģôʱţҲܹ͵ˡ
⣬впڵİձʾʱնɱȨʱпڵʯ壬ѪȾ֮ϴϴȨǵѪȫʯ֮УǹѪ֮һֶŵ
Щʯ屻ȫ²ƽϢ
ЩڵʱСΧ۵飬һ׮׮һıϵ
һ۶ϣҪʵΪȨ
Ϊ̫֮ʮ겻ϳǲ̫ӡ
ǶΪΪ̫֮Ļ䣬ڿ̫ӵԭ򣬼пǲȨ̫С
ֻҪһղ̫ӣҵͻɢλϡ
һȷ̫ӣЩͻ̫ӼУ̫ӵеһ̶ȣλС
Ϊ̫֮ģôڶˮʯ֮Ϊ˹ҵİȣӦüȷ̫ӣȶ֡
ʵǣĽ飬ûеõӦ
˽̸ЩʱǱһְԵ̬飬˹ˣ԰˵ȴǺһ
Ȩмöá
֮󣬳ҲûзȨӵѹյ飬͢䲼һЩڰյͷҲûٴӡ
յӣۿһһùˡ
Ϊǵаĺӡ
ڱǲĻʵۣ˭ںأ
ѰգһӶͻʵ۳ʲôϵ
ֱߵС̯
һĿߣʵүү˵𣿡
촽˶
֮ǰƶҥԡ
ڣЩ̫ȷˡ
̫δţܶණǵҲֻ֪Ȼ֪Ȼֻհ崫ľ顣
Լ֪飬δؾͲڡ
УѪֻ֮ʧˡ
鲻ţصݣȴδǼ١
ǱֻǼ˴£ûϸдٵ֮ץһλҲû취֤
ϣֻдĻʵ֪ô˰ɡ
ʹ
鷿ڣĻˮŭ޲飬Դͷ˭Ҫľ壡
ڣֶ˵ûõģǱ鲻ǹ±ڸ֮ڣڷǲðۣվġ
Ļʵʲô취
·ģһᰲźõġ


յĹ򣬳ţֽǵ֮˸ʾ
ʾǴ·ģ³ƣѾ鵽ڶȨ̰֡
Ϊ޼һλȭʦɱȨΪ
͢Ѿͣ˭õ˵ͷʮ
ʮô߰
޼ֺҲе졣
ϴδɱһҵʦϴҲ͢͹ֻͽûôߣЩȨǣҲɱģ
пܰϴɱ䣬ӦҲΪ
ҿûгɹҪǴɱ״Ԫɣڵӣ
ɱЩȨɱһûϣλҪץ

ɱȨҵˣ֮ǰЩ˵ѪͬٵҥԣȻơ
̶գǼۣͽȥ
һְѡš
ЩŵģҲۡ
ֵǲ޼´˾٣Ϊ˷ڣð¡
˭Ҫǻƣʱ򷸼ɻ䣬ץ˾Ҳǻá
ΨһҶЩ鷢ģҲֻԺѧˡ
͢ԺܵĿɣֻ죬ɱȨɱԺѧڴǰзԵʱҲֻǹǼ죬ûжǰë
ʱԺУûѧ۴¡
ǵȫһ
һ磬Ժǽϣһֽʾ
̲ؼؼѲʷǰ״Ԫŵ׼ڳһƾٸ࣬ѧӿƾա
Ŀƾٸ࣬ڳ٣һЩԺģһЩοƾٵʿģЩԱҲַͨʽϷ׬ȡǮƣвĵ״Ԫ
ڿƾ֮ǰѧӶỨؽǵָ㡣
״ԪŵĿƾٸ࣬ûѧӻ᲻Ȥ
Կƾƶȵ½ֻλ״Ԫҵˣһŵһĸס
ƾѵ״Ԫֻһ
˵ԹʱָֻԹĳԺѧӣƾ֮ϣԹ¼ȡĽʿУǸԺѧռһ룬״Ԫռ
ƾ٣ھѧ˵пܸеһ죬˿ɾû´ˣ˭ϣõһλʦָ
£֮
ʹļ۸ٸ߰ҹҲҪȥ
״Ԫĸ࣬Ҳ˭ȥġ
ֻڸԵԺǰߣб״Ԫ̵ʸ
ϢԺĶѧӶסˡ
һЩѧӵĳɼȻҲڣЩġ
εһѡ񣬾Ϳܸıһˡ
ԣǱȻ뾡취
Щ˱֮ЩԭʵУֻڽʿĩβѧӣȻҲԴС
Щǵõ޴ʱǿ϶ᱻ
ǰУһСѧӣҲš
ϰǲ£ҪģǸߵ
ԽߣڹٳԽߣʲô׷пܻڹٳ϶á
ʥԣѧˮۣˡ
˽Լˡ
һʱ䣬ҪѧӣǳҴ壬ǺС壬һӻԾ

С˵½׷ȥ
¸
ţϣѾվżͬƯѾ߰Ľ£ᴷĴȡ
ϴĸоȴʼһ˿ǳ
곯͢ȻǿƵ˰ģ˹Ա˰أԭҿڵµأǿ˻
Щ˻أҲҪ
Ϊӱܳ͢˰գŽЩعҿµģЩأ͢˰ٲЩ͵˰ǲ궿
¼ܴһƶũߵ죬𳤰լԺԴڿϣȥڴĺԹ̣֮ŻܵյļҲ
ȻǮûȨǵÿ˵ɫ¡
ö˴ĴԺ֮һԺɼԺҲǰéټϳ͢Унʿǰ϶ˡ
벻ϳ¼ʮ˴ӣȻҲܳһλʿ
ȵӵ˹٣ͿأҲý˰ҲٿЩԱɫˡ
˵ǻҪԼɫ
ʱһӰ߽ţ¶ϲɫ˵ˣԺôû۸ɣ
һ˵ͱϹˣԺԺԺ棬û˸۸ˡ
ţЦЦ˵ǾͺãǾͺá
˵ˣ¼ҲеСǮ
СǮͨնԡ
ԺЩѧӣļ󲿷ֶȨǮǳ¼ܹǵġ
͢˰Ȼôɷĵá
Щҵӵܣ۸ˣЩСˣҲĻϡ
Ķӵļ˵ϴϴ֣׼Էˡ
¼ҵܷʢһڣʮˣѼС
ϯ䣬˿ţ˵˵ø׼һǧӣá
ţһ㶣ʵҪôʲô
Ȼ¼ǮһǧҲǸСĿ
˽͵״Ԫŵһƾٸ࣬Ҫһǧӣҽ쿼ͨˣֻҪһǧӣ״Ԫָ졭
ţŵô󣿡
Ϊ֮ǰ⾭ط۸ֳԿҪǸʱģ¼ԺһҪ;
ӶСʱ򣬾ͻؽΪЩÿռʮһǧֻ죬ⲻǮʲô
˵㶮ʲôǿ״Ԫܵõָ㣬ҽ꿼״ԪĻ͸ˣңһǧǱ˵ģЩҵĵӣҪһ
״Ԫ
״ԪǱ˵һǧˣȫҲԸ⣬ţǰһϲúúãһ͸ãǮûǮû
¶ЦݣԺҪ˹٣ǼҵĵؾͲý˰ˣǻĵأиĵ軧ĵ̣׬ӣǳ¼ҷ󡭡
˵˵ͷ˵İɵһŬģǮ׻

״Ԫŵڿεĵص㣬ڳ֮ڵһԺ
ĴԺԼһЩСԺ˳ɹ
Զǧˣֻ¼ȡˡ
ˣǳѧеٮٮߡ
˵շѲͳһҾƶѧӣĲȡЩҵӵܣȴҪȡһľ޶á
ȻҲһЩ˵ĲǵĲûʲôá
ڿο࣬ԸȥΣȻýʷá
Щȡ߶õҴӵܣջʵʵĽѧѡ
ֻʧһ
һ˼ȥֻƷҳɰƷƷҳɾƷʧĿɾԶֹһˡ
˲Ҳֻűϡ
պ
¸
ţŻصҵĶӣȲʵ̵ô
ϣɴһ˿羴֮ɫͷ˵̵ĺܺãյĿϣջ࣬ڿƾ֮ǰҵ黭գһ¥
Ϊ״Ԫ黭ѣҲԺĳ̶ȡ
֪뷨Ƕô档
Ժ֮ө֮£Ϫ֮׺
һǧֵһǧ
ţ֮ϣҲ¶ο֮ɫϳ¼ҵҲðˣĵһλˣܽһλ״Ԫǵ״ԪԼҲܲˡ
ЩӣЩˣҲʼƵţҪǳ¼ҽף¼ҷɻڴڽ񳯰
ص䣬ո£һѾ߽ԣץĸ첲˵үдֱֻһ˰ɣū澸࡭
Ѿ۾ˡ
գѾ߶ΪŸ첲ӣȴĪӿһЩİõһС
סŮ˵ˣһҪ飬ȥæİɡ
Ůɵĵ˵ͷҪ뿪ȻʵƼôҼѾߵģ
Ůԣ΢΢һ֮Ŀ𽥱ȻճɲãｻϵүӣͰУӵ⣬үа˻
˵ͷ˵֪ˣȥæɡ
Ůǣү
Ů뿪ıӰ˼
ʥ˵Ҵڵ壬Ҫ°չϺӡ
ΪūΪ澣ίԼźˣӶĻᣬ㲻Ϻӣ
ƾĶۣѧϰҾ䣬ֻΪӦƾ٣ЩҹԱΪ˱䷨ϧԼΪȻȴϿɡ
˵¡
һЩ˼
ڸ֮ңСʳвѻɽöԶʳ
ÿʮˣÿյĲиͰۡ
Ȼͷڶؤ֡
¼һĸ壬ʤҴ壬ɵйһٲˣȴռ˴أ֪ٵײ޵ؿֻ֣䵽Ůĵز
Ķ


365 ݺȷ÷
ƾٻа꣬ĸֿƾٸ࣬ȴݱ
ƾٵǰ£Ժ˽¸ѧСһЩ鷨ңңֵҵȣҲῪڿΣȡķʮְȻ
ͬǰ࣬вʲôѧ
ѧӣǰ״Ԫŵĸ࣬˭̵ܱĸã
Щѧӣпеٮٮߣµһʦָ˵ĲһЩѧӣȻûȥָıҪʡһӡ
ѧӣһʼʱҲп಻
ֻһˣҲͰˡ
ˣ˶ܽ
˶˶ûƾٵļҾκθı䡣
Ǳѡ
Ŵһֻܿű˽ԼԽ˦ԽԶ
һĿ֮󣬵һİλѧӣ뷨ȴһЩı䡣

ΪĿΣѧ
һѪָÿһ˵鷨滭ֵϵȱ㣬ҸЧĽ飬̶̰գǾۿԼܹȷδŬķ
ʩ֮£˵츳ܵõȫá
ǿƾٲܸУδҲܴΪ
ãҲƾٸ࣬ԼĲڴҵϣȻȲϵ٣Ҳ𾴡
ǣϣƺһ
Ҿ䣬ĵġ
ƽԺʱ򣬴󶼻˯
״ԪŵľΣԺĲ˶٣˾ʮ棬֪䣬һʱĿγ̹ȥȴ·ʱš
ǣ֮Щ壬ӡһ

ã
ߣ
ڶյڿѾŵ߳Ժʱߵѧǣ׷׶
һһͷͣڹԺſڵһ
ܼ԰ʱŵڳϣ˿
ݺΣһķ顣
ȻЩѧӣЩͨˣֻӵΪκ˶࣬һڿҪ˵˼ֲĳЩ뷨ޱȵƣ
ƣڶ⣬ۼꡣ
һΣϢˡ
ڣֻΣͲݺΪɶ
ͨݺȥӰδԱ˼룬ĸӸֲУⱾһּıܷΪֱһá
֮ǰŵδҺݺϣȻЧ
һ˳羴һȴַʽศɣ໥ɾ͡
ݺûдģֻЩˣ˲õĵط
ΪĿ꣬ŵݺ͸徳ˡ
ŮλΪ޵У͵˵ľ۷壬ʱûͻƵ徳ŵ񶼾֣ʱһ㣬ڿԲˡ
λѧӣ
һѧӣѡĴƶӵܣֻǳ֮ңԼһЩС壬ڴҵӵܣǵ˼Ϊ׸ı䡣
ȵΪһ˼밵ʾҲԽǿ
죬Ϊͬ˲١
ŵص԰ͬʱ¸
ţŹԺһڵĸŮһ˵ٽӣֻҲ˵ĳүģƵģ˵ٽٽ
һݵĺӹڵϣ˵үкðɣˮ̣ճһ룬ʵǽôӣѾû¹ˡ
ţ˻֣˵㲻˵ˣٽǲܵģʱǰֽдµģүҲǲٽһ㣬Ƿµӣ˫ɡ
ԣ¶ɫһ꣬ͷû׬ǮǷ¸ծ
ѹǹȥˣ꣬һ꾰ֲãʲô˫
ϸָ֮ߵС˵үܲܰСŮүǮһ⡭
ţƳСһۣʵӣ
̵ʮʮ
ţЦһ˵ʮ˼ǹŮİװֵģҲʮŮϸ첲ϸȣһܵµӣû򣬿ǼΪүֵôķϣ
ԣֻ̾˿ͷлү
ȻҲ᲻ŮһСҪˡ
ʱһӰ˽
ţ˵ˣȥ׼ԷɣãϲԵ˾ũµĲˣʮӣһС
ڵϵĺԣ΢΢һĿ¶֮ɫ
ߵԸŮߣͷһۣԳţ˵˭ҲԤϲˣǽӣ˰ɡ
ţ˳Ŷӵ⣬飬ȴûдӦҡҡͷ˵ǿɲУǵģǲǻ˵ģˣҪʲô֣ǲǻ⣬Ļһ˳ʲôʲôˣȥ׼Էɡ
ǻк̣ܶЩ̲Ҳ׬Ǯ𣿡
ţǵ̣ǵ⣬ܻΪһ̸˵ˣڳǳ¼ˣҪվȽŸ׬ǮС
̾˿˵ӣҪ׬ٲడ
ûٺ͸磬ӻȡǮȫ룬װȥǮݸǺӣ˵ЩǮŰɡ
ţһ㶣æʵǸʲô
ǺԭأȥӣǮĻ˵Űɡ
ӻع֮ŮסĿͷſǻллүллү
ţβûŮ뿪֮󣬲ŶԶ˵֪ƣǣϵ̫ˣܰһܰʮһٸܰһǧǳ¼ȫӶͳȥҲı䲻ʲôģѽ̫뵱Ȼˡ
¶ɻЩãȻ૵ϵΪʲôôࣿ
ţȻǲŬˣǳ¼ǰҲֵصģԴڿϣȥΪǳ¼ҴĻҵ
˵ƺЩ־˵֡
һҹҹ¡
ڶμʱ
״ԪǴ½ˣһΪ
ûиԼȥѰҴ𰸡
ͣ죬ϰ⼸ѧ֪ʶһ£ĵ軧˵
¸֮ʱţĿŶӣʵҪȥũׯ
˵ͷ˵˵ܹʥ;ں
ȻΪ˿ƾ٣ţҲûж룬Ǹˣ˵飬˵ʲôˡ
¼ڳ֮⣬Ķأ֮ģÿɵ軧Ǹ֣ճɺˣʳ߳ɣɣճɲãõ軧Ǹɹ̶
ܻ껹Ƿ꣬϶Կ
ڶϣ̱ڻسǵϣ۾ֱų
ҹüĳ͵˳ũׯ
îʱ컹ʱˣŵ軧һһ
ûˮҪֻˮͰȥңԶĺӱȡˮ𴲺ĵһ顣
С˵½׷ȥ
ûǵĺˮһСҰ˻Ƥ࣬ԼʣȴԵĽζ
òǿԼȥڣֵ߳һʱ򣬾Ҫˡ
ũæʱ첻ţ̫ɽŻ
֮ʱιȥҲֻܳԼǬӲ
һ˵һ»ҪѰ
ϻصʱ̻ʵĳ趼ϴûʱ˼Դոմͷͳ˯ȥ
ڶîʱе˽ѡ
գҪһ˵
˯Ѽ䣬űӵ˹Ͱι˲ЩѾٽ磬ڴɨͥԺʱ֧˹ȥ
ʱһĴǰĬĬĴᣬԹĶԳţ㣬ҶҪʿٵģΪʲôҪ
ţҲһԩǶԼҪģҲҷԡ
һӰ˿ƾ٣ûкҩԡ
۾ĿѾûãȻ
ľҵǸĴ𰸡
ĵ軧֮ΪǲŬ
軧һ꣬ͷջ񣬾Ȼ⣬ҪŮȫҲڶ
˯ţһĩɵβǮʮӣᱻԸɿ˿ۣһеĻΪС
ǰһĿƾ٣Щÿ춼ܿˣʲôӡ
գͺܶ軧ԼĹ
˼֮óһۡ
֮ô֮Իô࣬ΪǲŬ෴Ϊ棬Ѿƴȫ
Ϊ¼ӵдأƲȴԸƴյʿ壬ңղûкӿɹǵ̰Ϳ̣ɰտѵԭ
ҲЩ֮һ
˵¡
¼ѾǺܸˣļҵӶòꡣ
Ȼûȼһˣܹġ
ţųǵһʶԼĶһŵ˵ʲô軧һĸ˰˫ĹǮɵ˰ɣ
ţĻȻǶ˶ʮ˵Ļ
浱¼Ƶ˰
Щ軧ûֻЯҴڵѣЩ˳ԣЩ˴ǹǮѾ˰ɣǻҪʲô
Щ飬ǳ¼˵ʲôӰ죬ȴõ軧ǹĸã׬ٶ࣬Ҳò˶٣ΪʲôóһЩø˹ʳӣ
ƾʲôǷǵİ
ţüͷԼĶӣŭúõģô뷨һһǧӣѧ𣬴쿪ʼ㲻Ҫȥˣ
Լνʼ磬˵ҿԲȥǱεͬųԽûпнʿҲϣײҪҡ

ţ˵ˡ
ƾٿһһĴ£˵ǼӹǮˣֻҪܸУصһ׵ӣҲԸ⡣
촽˲ͷ˵ȿȣλҪģĿΣܲҲȥһ뿴״Ԫǲ·ͷۡ
뿴״ԪλԼúõĶӣ⸱ӵס
ڶ磬صУԳţ˵˵˿ȥҪһӵѣֻһţѯκ⡭
ţԥƬ̣ĵһҽˣ
Ժ֮ڡ
ŵڽҾ壬һλѧȫעš
һʱԵĽѧ黭ֵƺÿһÿν̾壬꾭壬ýؼϢ
ʱѧǵȫŵϣûע⵽һӰںŵĽǸ롣
ţȣǽǰǵӰ
λ״ԪòȻʣҲûͷۣʲô֮
ݣţ¶һ˿м
ЩҲǵģܹܲϺӣԼʲôϵнһУǿԼ͵˫֣Щ˺һͣ͹˵ˡ
ţǵĲмʧ
һЩԶĻ䣬ʼͷ֡
нյһУ磬ŬƴĽ
֮Ա磬Ϊĸβ˼еأһ굽ͷæû׬ģǷ⡣
֮£ֻ뿪ı·
˵
мĶؿ֣Բ룬ΪƣΣ
¼ҵĵ軧γǵ
ʱţϵĲмʧȫעĿǰλˣһûʲôĳţʼ˼һ⡣
˵һӦζȹ
׬Ǯ
Ĺ٣
˯ƯŮˣ
ֻǱʲô


366 ӡ

һŹԺ
ǵһѧһγ̡
ŵÿ˵ƿĿרͬʱǵƿĿ
鷨滭ֵƽɢ֮ڣÿһʱľΡ
ԴˣѧӲ֡
֮УռݵȨ࣬ǵһ쿼ģƲֱ̭óҲû֮ء
ŵһƪ壬վںڰǰ·İλѧӣڵտγ̣˽
ѧ̧ͷоǳ羴֮ɫ
ѧʶ˸ǶλǴͻС۷
ŵĿǵһһɨ˵¿֮ǰһ⡣
˶٣ٴοڣǶƾ٣Ϊʲô
ڰһ˲Ȼ½½ش
Ϊ١
Ϊ
Ϊ˳ͷء
Ϊ˽ҵЧң
Ϊˡ

ѧǻش𲢲ͬŵǣʵȻأ
£þõĳĬ
Щ˳޷ڣЩ˼ã˵һɡ
ǴСͱаѧϰգΪԺܿƾٸУ֮ˣһֱǱʶҲôΪġ
գ֮ϣһ䡰Ȼءȴ˶ã
˵ɶôûʣףƾ٣Ϊ٣
Ȼأ
򵥵֣ȴꡣ
Ϊ˺ҡ
ΪðչϺӡ
Ϊιƽ¡

ȻشģǼһѧӣѧӣͷתͷĹˣĿơ
ʲô˵ǵĴ𰸣Χ֮£Щ̫˵óڡ
Ϊιƽ£Ϊ˺ң츣գܲ˵ΪƣΪ˰ΪˣΪӵƿر˵Ȩ
Щ飬ʵҲǲõ˵ġ
ңѧϰ֮ԭһЩ뷨ҲЩҡ
ķԣЩʱһѧվźڰǰǵӰʵǶΪʲô
һѧӵĿ׷
ѯ֮гԺѧȻ΢ͨգҸʮ־⣬ڳѧ֮УӵвС
ŵһЦ˵ҲãҲգֻǽҵؼιƽ£ÿ˵ԼĴ𰸣ûܸΪʲô
ٴɨˣ˵ʦһٱ֮ʱûʲôܹ͸ǵģǼ仰ɡ
˵꣬ת÷۱ںڰд˼֡
۱ڽ̨ϣ֣˵еĿγ̣ͽˣϣõĽڳϿλ¿Ρ

еѧվ
ŵ߳ңȴûһ˸ǵĿ⣬׷ڰ壬͸ǵԡ
ֲԾֵİɫʯʣҲ˸еµĿ
Ǽ֣֮һƬΨ𽥱üٵĺ
Ǿ˵ңιƽ££ԡʥͶҵӵҪǴӵһʱ˵˵ʮ꣬Ѿûʲôоˡ
ڰ⼸仰ֻǿһۣͷƤ飬ѪҺֱ­
Ϊġ
Ϊ
Ϊʥ̾ѧ
Ϊ̫ƽ
ûһλˣڿ⼸仰ʱܹסĵĳ嶯
Ŀ⼸仰˼þƽ
֮⣬ŵ˿ĵطݺҷȫͷϺˮ䣬ʱ̣ӡĿǵʶ
֪˶á
ţһӹԺ߳վڹԺſڣŽ˵Ⱥ˿
ʱ䣬˶ӣֻΪʱĿΡ
δй˸ӵĸܡ
¡
֮Ƕǣֶ֮֡
˹һ̩ɽںë
ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
ǶˣЩʱҲһЩ¶
ǰֻ׬Ǯܣӵϴ֮׬Ǯĵأиˣլӣ죬һֱ˼һ⡣
˵һӦȹ
һӣϵʱ̩ɽںëأ
ںëġ
ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽЩһܵЩʲôȻô֤ţһ⣿
𣬵뿪ʱǼԼԲȴǸӵ̲
Ǹʱ򣬳ţӦǣˣʹһ𷢲ơ
ʳˡ
֮󣬾ǣҲûлع¼Ҵ塣
꣬ͱĵ軧һ˽Ǻĵĵ
ʮȥˣҲ˵ӡ
£Ҳвڱ
ʱ½½ѧӣӹԺ߳
ǵı鶼Щ㱣ͳţһվڹԺ֮ǰĽͷþ
֯᾵ؤ²ǽ֮£ͷĹӣ̧ŵĽϣŪŻн˿۵ū
λȹĹˣŮͬ£˵ЦĴһҽ߳չʾϵİΣһֲŮӣбżʰòҶǲ̲סͷһۣ¶Ľı顭
¥УƮֵʮ֮ĵطƼݵĺͯ˼ڿˮȻһ²ͷϣĵݡ
ѧǣǰ࣬Ŀ¶˼֮ɫ
磬Ӧġ
˵ΪȻҲ֪ڵǣû¡
ҲǰЩб䷨ĹԱ˵£ڻûдأҪǶл
ȵ㹻ˣܹľʱ˸ǾͰǶɱˡ
Ȼûֱô˵ȴ˼
ҲһվڹԺſڣɫʱʱס
Ҵ壬һ֪ԼΪʲô顣
幩Ƕ飬գȻΪǵ֮󣬱Ч壬ͨеȨΪȡ㹻档
˿̣ǵԺУǴСˡ
һС˵Ϊ˱֮
һС˵ΪΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
СǵԺݣ˭Ҳ޷սʤ˭
޴汾ڶ׷С˵
ڣּ尾֮£һλӵԴ˹ڵأʹҵͷۣ
԰
ŵ̫Ѩλá
˵ݺѾɹͻƵ˵徳ͷ۵ĸоȴûжٻ⣬ʹ࣬ҽҲ޷´Ͽεʱ䣬Ӻһˡ
԰ڣ˺ͰǱźںɹ̫
԰ѾˣѾõǵԸģԼÿܹõĹǮձ
ԸģҲ쵽һʶİý
λСˡ
Դϴһ֮󣬼ÿ죬βһη˷ѾϤˡ
ļΪ֣褺ԧҲڡ
˹ǸŵһϲģͬǵĻ£׼¸¾ͳס
褵Ϊǰһ˱ҵڶ
ⲿвѾŶĽţ˽յļ󣬲ĻԺھУ϶õá
Թ֮ŵͻطϢˡ
ֻг˯ߣϵƣ
Ϊ˸õĻָϴãŵԼ˯֮С
ͬʱ
ʡ
ĳ÷
û£һֽ˫΢΢ѡ
ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
ֽϵľ仰ֻҪһ䣬Ҳ޺ˡ
ԣӽʼľȻΪѧӵı׷
ӣʥ֮ˣ
ʡ
ϣͬżֽ
⼸ֽжȻϣĳһĨЦݡ
ֽͬţڳٹԱǰ
׸á
ľ䣬Ŀ𽥱ĳȣҲ𽥼һܿƵĴɢ
Ϣֱ˻ȥ
СڲغϢ˿
ڳΪ٣Ȼ֮ɲһ¡
˶ûкȻ֮ʱӵ߱Ϊࡣ
̲

񲿡
̫¡
»¡
йԱһֽ𣬼ҳ
йԱдֵֽͶ¯֮УڻлΪҽ¶ĪЦݡ
йԱλϣָдʲôĿɫ
¡
һڹԱĳ顣
÷֮ڣеֽ㣬⣬ĿοҲһ˿ź


ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
⼸գϵԱµգ޲״Ԫŵѧӵ⼸ԡ
ͨͨļ仰ǲʲô
ЩСѧϰҾ䣬Ըʥ˼ĵĹԱ˵ľ仰ȴļ¶
˵ˣ
̰ٵһο̲ס٣Щ顣
ȻѲǵѧӣΪһ¶ͺ飬һҪıЩʲô飬Զ룬ٸе룬ҲҪʵͷ
ĳ¥
ż֮ڣӰ
һҿ˿ɻƹôû
һ˰˰֣˵ˣȥ¸ˣ˵²ǼȰɣ
ƹѲ֮ʵ˵ƹ軧ȥӣԺĵ⣿
˵ˣ˷׷׿ڡ
ֹǽ⣬˵ˣ̵Ļƣȫ˹Ǯ¼˻ƵĹǮ˶ȥǼҸɻ
һ˵¼ҵˣÿ¿ûɵ٣ǮշӣȳϵĴǻٵһ¶岻졭
ţǷ˻ɵˣ¼ҵǮĻ𣿡
ǰЩ軧ǣֻҪǶˣôøʲô
ɲճµָðˣȻôöӣǮ˵治ʲô˽ʿԺǧ򱶵׬
ôˣɵˣǮ׬װ͸ˡ

˶Цڳ˻ֵա


367 һƺ

֪ʱѾʮ¡
ȥһ£ŵһֱڸིѧǰŽһѧӵĿγ̡
ȡѧ˶죬ƶӵܷĲȡλȡѧѣҲ֮ޡ
ѧУƶŵģֻжʮ˲
ѧӣ㲻ǳҴ壬ҲȻǺž޼֡
ƾٵʽעֻһ˵Ϸ
ŵѾŬһӣܲѿܳɳʲôӣ͵ĿԴˡ
òһ͡
ŵһһڽλŮӡ
ղŮӵӣӱ棬񶼶˼鶯ΪʵΪѾͻƵīҵ徳
ҽңũңǱҵķչ벻īҵİ
ʱŵṩϵָʸЩ뷨ʵ
īΪȻҲһͬ
ȥһ£ŵݺҺīΪ˳˵徳
徳֮ΪٶȾ
徳֮ϣǰʥһ޴ĺ蹵֪⡣
Էʱ򣬰˿Ŀ˴һۣʵ֣ĳӣձǼĺöˣǲǰõĳӶˣ
ôܣõĳӣҡ
¶ɵı飬ҲţһĲƷ⼸˵ζĸóԣ
ʵļˣ
ָָϣ˵⼸
˿ָļˣϵıЩ⣬˵⼸˰⼸Ǳġ
΢΢һ㶣һʱԶԡ
ΪӣĲˣȻгһӵʳһóԣٿߵĻŮӡһңֻһġ
ŵ˿ڲˣڴĳգҲʾ
ЩƷɫζͰ̣ʳҴ˵ǴʳҲΪ
ɣĳգǲǴ½֮
ŵ֮ǰһӰټҵƫҰʷϣʳҵһЩԣǱ˵ʳ޵֮ҲӵвӸҵʳ֮۳ıУﲻն
ȻҰʷֻܱ֤Ұ档
һ֧ʾдˣҲֹﻹ͵͵ŮӵķؼԱ˵ԼЩҰʷأδ֤Ķ
ԹصĽŵһߣЩε˵ǸܲܽҵǮ
ŵҲȱǮ
ʵȻȱˣÿ¸һǧǮΪҲףϸ¾͸ҶˣϵǮûˡ
īоȷǮŵƽ飬æûʱīңʾĴʽܽ
ûԥ˵Ҫ٣ʮ
˫Ŀɴŵڣ̵ͷ˹ˣ
Ⱳӣûмʮ
ʮܸõĲϣŵļЦֵܣлˣ
ص԰ŵ÷׼ʮ
ŵͼ˰ԼˣǹǮϣҲûйǮ˼ǣĲȨͽ˷˵ϡ
飬רҵģһӦĲľ
ҪңŵȻһ׬˶ӣˣȴǲһЩģŵ֪жҡ
鷿֮ڣŵλʣ̧ͷʵʮҪ͸Ӱ
ŵǼҺܺã԰͸ǵģһ԰ӣֵͲֹʮˡ
˵˵ͷ˵Ǻðɣʷ֧ȡʮ͵
ŵǵҪֱӽϡ
˵˵ͷЦ֪ˡ
պ
˿׷ʵҪôǮʲô
ĿһۣҪôǮȻô׼ˣʡ
˿ϣ˵
üͷһ˵ʲô㲻ΪǮɣû֧֣Ľ죬ôŵ˼ҵķˣͲ֪˭ˣܸһУҲʧȥһУ
˫ֻأҲ֪ҷ˰ҵǮϾҵǮɲһСĿθ㣬һԺ󱻲Ҫôͣʱ򲻽ǰڳӵеһУҲȫʧȥ
Ƴһۣ˵ˣǲҪżҪżǷҪңҵԭ𣿡
촽˶ʵᱻ
˵㲻֪͢˰ĶϣÿһʽĿᱻ飬һ򣬾һҪǷҪҲУҿԸ㣬Ժʲô飬ҪҾͺá
ıЩԥƬ̺󣬻˵ˣԴΪأǮ취㱣ԼҪ¶
Ƭ̺ٴοڵһҪ齻ȥ졣
˽ëʲô£˵ɡ
ʵ˵֮Ѫ٣Ļʵ۾ͨɱȨŵԷϻ࣬ǲģ
ҡҡͷ˵飬ô֪
㲻֪˲֪ǴĻʵεˣһ֪ЩʲôһҴ飬ʮӡ

԰
˺˴źӻθϷȥˣڷ庢˯ͤУ翴ŵͷ˻˼ȴһԷ顣
˻һɻһ£̧ͷŵļ˵Ѫʲôٵǲġ
˵ŵҲ
ǻ˵ĵĻʵ۱£ȨľѪٵġ
רŶԴ˳塣
ŵ֤ɱЩȨģλԵȭʦ
ЩǲǱɱģ޴֤ˡ
´˾٣ֻΪۣϾǣʵۣ²⣬ɾͲԤˡ
ŵʵʵ˵νٵûϿ
ûŵڣ˵үүҲ˵ⲻģ˵ֻеϵңܸ٣һҪԼ
ŷϻںĳȴܼҺȻعͷ˵Ҽǵү˵Ѫй˵ļӳ֣Ǻͳ˵Ĳ̫һ
Ŀ΢ȴûм⣬ҡͷˣ˵ˣֿµġ
ͷǰ˵ʲôʲôʱԷ


ŷˣʵȷ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵Ĺܼô˵ģǼ٣Լжϣ飬ģĻʵۿ϶Ҳֱ֪ܲȥĸס
૵ĻʵôȻԭܲûԵɵԽԽɣ飬˳ģץǸ޼ͺˡ

ݡ
ݳڣһ߹ڵϣ˵ңĲҰǴδɱʧ֮Ҿӵ˳Ҳṳ̂İ벽ЩȨôɱأ
Ϊ徳ʦƽ߸ϣ˾˿ȴֻĹڵϡ
ΪվļˣһʦΪ
Ϊ׵һˣϢ㷴˼
ʥ
ôİʥˣ
뵽;ԩô˿ʺӵģڴģôⲻ۸
һӰӺǺ˵˵ڣʹˣȥһ֮ڣ˶û뿪ݡ
֮£ŲƵϣ鲢⣬Ȼˡ
ĻʵôƳһȻΪڲʵĿġ
Ǽ飬Ǵԡ
Ԫϼһɲֹһ
Ļ壬ôֵģ֮С࣬ǽȫҲ˵
²˳٣뾡춯֡
ȶ߳ߵ
Ŀǰ֪ٵôƣȽǵѪҺõ֣д


λڳĹ֮һСΪ״ӳڳıӻ֮£ھһֱȶһֱϻȨ
ȶձơ
һҹ֮䣬ʮλϵĻС
ȥģǵµֵֶ
֮࣬акá
Щ壬ĸǶӯĻ壬ܹԼЩС壬ΰѿңΪΪԼ
ͬڰգҴǣĻ̻̣֡
ЩļУһĻǱ׵Ĵ룬УȻʦ֡
ֻλʦһλǱ£һλǻ󽫾һҹϮɱʮλүֱʵȻԸΪǿ
ʱ䣬һֱԣ徫Ѫ٣Īǣǿ߽ǵϣ
һʱ䣬еĻӵܣ˻ʹ֮С
ʵ۸ǵǲ˹еıʹΧסÿʮʱнǧ˵Ļֵַء
С֮䣬ʹפ
˴ıʣܿ㴫
ڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬽ޱȾ֡
ĵ飬Ƿˡ
ЩǿߣѾ֣ºܿͻֵǡ
ڸҲ֪ӦԵʱ򣬴һϢ
ʵλˡ
ʷκһλȨͬʵ۲ǴλԼĶؼֵܣҲǱѵƷλ
λģûָһλʵֱۣӽΪʵ۵Ȩ˳͢
ӴԺĹҴ£ɳйԱͬ
ʵλȻҲܹ˼ӳ֣̾ʧȥ˵徳Ϊ
飬ʵ۷ˣһ֮ҪȨˣ˶֪ı֮١
ǻʵۣҲǻ壬ûй˼ӳ֣ǵѪҺȻ߱ٵá
ҪôҪôȥ
һ迼ǵ⡣
Ϣ֮󣬽ڶգڵʢҲϢ
ʢʵȻûλͬ
ŻȨζŽȨĵ徳ʼΪڽһ̣Ҳʧ
ʢȻ˻ʵۣȴֻĻʵˡ
Ϊʧ˵ӵйˣЩҪٵǿߣɱҲûʲôá
ʢ壬ͬʵ
ЩСڵΨһ壬Ϊ֮Ļ壬ûлʵۣʵһġ
Ǿٹ֮һ壬һ徳Ļʵۣܸıʲô֣
ݣΪǴôΪļʱҷ׷ѡ
ʢȻǾؼؼؼؼ̶ܹһ£֮⣬½С֮ڣ˼ı
Щңʵۣˡ
ʡȨõǰδеţȴ໥ԼûܹҴ£ûܣҲû˸Ǹϵλá
½ĳ
һĵĸ֮ۡڡ
ָ֮һŷ⣬ݺ󣬿첽ߵһԺڣڽӰʦܹʵۣҲ׷Ȩˡ
ܹʵʵ½֮ϣֻĻʵۡ
֮µˮһ٣ȻּкƬ̺󣬱ֵߣˮʯϣ΢΢۾˵ֶΣ֪ĸϼһֱʡ
ָ֮һ£ʵʦ˼ǡ
¶֮ɫ˵ֻһƣŪ½ڹ֮УɱٸҳƵۣݺҵҲ


368 ٵ
ʡ
ŵ÷֮ڣϷʡһ㼯Ҫڡ
ȥһ£Ĳûʲôر鷢
½ȴ췭ظ
ʢ½ʮСȫ˹ϵıʵ۳׷֣Ȩչ鳯͢һֲ˼ķʽӷ⽨˾ܣĿࡣ
ȻЩСڴ½ϵĴڸмͣʮС֣Ҳһ֮У߳һȴǱѰ
Ķ棬ʵãǺ»ǻ£
ʵ۽Ȩ͢Ǵûз顣
Ϣش֮öˡ
һңôûлʵۣǸֲĵ˼롣
Щû˻ʵۣƺҲûʲô仯
˵ǣ²ʮ꣬ĲҲǸ
ŵ˼ܲõƶȣͷ⽨ȣҰ
٣յӣ϶ˡ
¹£ҲҪۡ
ЩСǴϵ⣬лʵۺûʵۣûʲô
ͬ
ʵǿߣҲǶе壬еһû˻ʵۣͻᱻѸ̲ǡ
ʵʲô
ŵûֱӻشܿԼ뵽˴𰸡
ûлʵۡ
û˻ʵۣû˻壬ûɷ֮ϡ
Ǵ治
ңܹвС˭вĻʵۣ
ԽǿµʵԽǿ
κĻʵۣǴ½ǿߣڳ֣ҲǱµĶ֣ûܱƵĻʵλ
Сվǲͬġ
̾˿ŵʵľˣ
ŵ˵ͷ
ϲִ󾪣ϲǳжһλľҹԱΪٶ֮죬ͻƵҲ¶ѡ
ڲһʱʹ뾳ľҵһӶ߲·
³ϣȴҲԤ֮С
ƾľ仰ԺҵĵλͿˡ
ŵٴʵʲô㣿
ȥ˼£ŵᵽ˵˵û½Ʊ仯̫죬Ѿδ֣֮ʱ䣬ŵܹܵƺһ˫˫εĴ֣ĻһС
ݺҵֱ
룬˵Ҵ뿪һʱ䣬ȥݿ
Դ˲⣬Ҳã⣬ҪԼİΣΪأ֮˲֪ж٣ڳǲҶ֣뿪֮󣬿ºܶ˻ᰴ಻ס
ŵ˵ͷ˵лѡ
߳÷ʱ򣬽Ų΢΢һ٣ͷʵ˵ľ𣿡
ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽͣ顣
ŵ˵ͷƶ˵С

ʱŵ߳ʹ
ҪзͬʱѲʷΪ˵ġ
ڴԹس·ϣͼƻˡ
Դޣİݣǧأж̰ɱУжѧӿΪлǷУһҪ߳ȥ
ҪԣҪԼ˼봫ˡ
ҺڵУҲⲻҪѲ£참ԩ
̲ſ·ʱŵߵ̯ǰߴһкǰá
̧ͷһۣû˵
˵ʵ̫á
ǰ㵽ǰСӵһЩ顣
ڣֻǿ
ҵĺȻ֮Ȼ˵Ϊ󾳽磬ҲǿΪ
ȻΪҲйϵ
ڵ̫̫ӣкüҶ޵˸߾Ȼûǰôˡ
һоյ˵ˣһܲܵ顣
ߴ˸к֮ŵֶСҪҪȥҼҳԷ
վĵ߰߰
Ůŵ뿪ҡҡͷеһż
ٵǲġ
ģΪʲôǰûйڴ˵ļ¼
ǼٵģĻʵٵģЩСʵۣҲûзȨıҪ
½ǿߣͬһ顣
ʱ䣬ٵ֮´ķзΪֳ˲ȴû˼ԽԽǿߣԴ˲˻ɡ
д˵һͷβĻԡ
ݺҽ˽½ƣʹҲλͨıƣͻΪƿ
ڴ˵ԽԽʱ
κʹ
԰ڣ۵ӰһλģӣʵôôòŻ
ӵȥ׷ɱĹһԱԹҹƣϲ;бһ鵢ˡ
Ӱ԰еһ껨䣬ʵŶ£
ӻ·һˣһҽ¡
Ӱ¶ɫʵʲô
ӵٵ
۵ӰȻ̧ͷ¶һŲϵӣǵ۾УĹâʲôٵģ
Ӵȡһƿݸߣ˵ұ𲻳٣¿ɡ
ȲֽӹƿеһöѪɫĵҩ
öҩģꡣ
öҩͨϵȷһ
ҪУӵ˵ɣ˼
߰˰֣˵޷
Ϊûʲôҩܶ˺
ҩڼǵҲ֮ڡ
һ̣ӵĿȻһ
ڵҩ֮󣬶߽ȫ׵ͷһּٶȣѸתڡ
޴汾ڶ׷С˵
ͬʱϵƣҲڷɿʧ
ת˲֮䣬ʹһλˣģ
κʵͷԼ˫֣Ŀ⾫âţȻֱ仯ֻڵı֣ܸܵԪȷʵһЩ
ٵģ
̿ӣʵ˳˸㵤ҩ˵ʲôˣ
ӻָһ˵ܸ㹻Ļ徫ѪƳٵȡеһΪꡭ
κ΢΢۾
ȡһΪ꣬ȻЩ̰ģԷ̰ĵʸ
½֮ϣֵ֪ҩģĿǰֻһˡ
ǲҪ꣬ԼҪĶ
κԶĿ֪Щʲô

ٽף½ȴ̫ƽ
Сҽ𣬸ΪԱֻܷȨ
ΪС˳Ƶۣ飬ҲƽϢȴû뵽Щ˾Ȼĸҽ򵽴ϡ
κԹĴҲʼлΪ
ʹ˵ٵҥԵҥԲơ
ֵҩڣôôգ
һΣֵĻ̻ˡ
ЩԶĻ壬һʱᵽ˶Ѱӻ
⼸ĳȴԵø
ȨǱΪ뿪ģȻٰ֣ǨطһЩȨ󣬸ոսõĻլۡһҹ֮䣬ȥլա
԰ݣȴΪ˹ΨһУѰһûʶǵĵطйȥĿܡ

Ժ
ã

ŵԺ߳ʱѧӶ
˸֮ûţпյʱ򣬻ԺӲӲ죬֮ġ
֮ǰָԼһְ
Ӽ˾ҵ
ڳеľȥѾвͬ
ϣƷ£뵱ʲô٣ί״Լ룬Ρ
Ӽ಻̲ͬʡеȨֻܼѧѵĴԺڣĵԺӼ
ŵΪ˾ҵӼ֣ԺӲǵĽѧûΪ˲ţûУ԰裬ûʦʦ֣˳ϼùΣѧǣҲǺġ
Ժŵ˳·ȥӷһؼҡ
Դӷ˽ҵĲȨ֮½˺ܶ顣
ԭ⣬ֻŵ翪һ鷻˽֮󣬲ԭȵ鷻½˼ҷֵ꣬ǰʫ
Ϊ֧ŵֳֻ˼µʫ
ʫļ۸ĲˣܶˣҲȱǮ
׬Ǯ˵ǮȻһóʩ಼ʩҽ˼Щ޼ҿɹˡ
˻¿ĵ֮УΪṩ˹Ļᡣ
ԸԼͶ׬ǮģõһݹԸ⹤ģÿҲ쵽࣬ȻԲҲ
ֻϡˣࡣ
ЩʧİգΪ裬տԷһ֣ܾҪʧȥأ֣ܴʧȥӣֻ䵽ֵľء
鷻֮⣬˻󵽺ܶ෽棬ҵĵ̣ǮձҪ̸ͬ߼ɡ
ֱۣԴļͷ˵˵£ҾͰ¡
ŵ֣ôһλܸɵӣò˵ˡ

ڳİ˵ĵһ˵顣
ʱ̣ǮĶ࣬ڣ쵽ѵʳ
֮⣬ֻг¼ҵĵ̴á
˵¼ҵĵ̣Ҵá
ÿ٣Ǯ̵ϣҹܳԹסֱлƵ̡
ϧ¼ҵ̣ʲô˶ա
ǰĵ̲ȱˣֻܼϣڳ¼Ժ¿ӡ
ݣ¼Ҵ塣
ţΧţһͭǮԷУ˵ҲҪ˶У˭ġ
ͭǮ֮һǣ˵˵ԸֵصģҸһǮأԺԼĵأܵԸȥģҳţ֤ÿٸӵĹǮ
¼Ҵԣ϶¶˷ܼ֮ɫ
˵ϵڱ顣
һλ߽ųţ֣˵ţϢ˰ллǣ
ţ֣Ц˵峤ô˵ûдҵİûҳţĽ죬ʱҿǷĵģһҳţҪǷˣһŴһ𷢲ƣһӵġ


369 µ
԰
鷿֮ڡ
һϣŵڸʫǩǩ֮󣬻ҪдһʱдЩᡣ
鷻ʫһһ
ǩģʮ
ǩӼʮ
Ҫ˽˶Ƽݣ۸Ҫٷһ
ЩǷ˵⣬һһʫȻܺá
˺ܶ࣬ͬȱǮˡ
ּǽٸƶŵ׼ٿӡһЩװġҽֲᡷĴģʶֵ˼ңⱾ鼸һһ
ǴģµʱˣͽңϧһʰȨŵղ
ղҲղˣҽ֪ʶռˣҲǸҽˣմһ㡰Ϊʥ̾ѧϾҽʥҲʥ
ң鴫ķΧԽ㣬Խкô
ĵҽƸƣΪҴĲϣƿŵΪÿ컹΢ٶΪһֱӰ졣
Щʫ⣬ŵ㽫Լյľ飬Ҳһ顣
ȻѾǮˣҲ࣬ҵһ֣Ҫ㹻īҵо黨ӵٶȣ޵׶
ҪԪǰЩ飬֮뿪һ߽ѧһѲӵط;˳ȥԹ顣
ǩһ飬ŵߵ鷿֮⣬Զڸ
ŵü徳ˣһʼΪߵļˣȴͣڵľ۷壬ÿŵֻð
ںĽӡ
λŮԣʵ仹ҪСһЩ
˵м𣬾͸үүĴƯûйʲôѣҲѹܺСѾͷôġ
ŵߵʯͭǮ߶棬˵ǰɲ԰һ㣬ʲôʱܹͻʦ
Ůˣŵһγͣû뵽λҵǰҲӦ
֮ү;һˡ
̧ͷһۣ˵㲻
ŵΪʲôǰ㲻Ƕ㵽𡭡
ûϷϷأΪʲôϷ˶úõģΨйϵˣͲˡ
ŵ۾ʵСӣϵʲôܣ
ŵһӦҲ㲻ܡ
Ϊ˱λǰʣʶȤ߿˺˻ṦֺͰ˳Ӳҵĵ̡
鷻棬Ŷӡ
ЩŮӾӶ࣬ܶһǴѾߡ
ʫȦǺܻӭġ
⣬˻⿪˼Ůӵ·̣һЩҵڼҵŮӣԼĻ裬ɹĴһƷƣº£ŮӵĻӭ
˵ͷԣ˶߱ġ
ҵĵ̣ŵ÷˺ͰȻȥԼȥҽݿ˿
ȻҽѣڳȴʵĲͶҽƺ͸߶ҽʮָѣǮ˿Իؽ߾ҽҳ֣˲ֲ֢ƶҲܵõҽΣ޷Ƕ໨һʱѡ
ŵһ͢Ĺҽݣһʱ
ʱҽ徳ֻһţû취ȥ
ָоҽƾڽˡ
ҽҵľ͵徳кܴģ֢Ҫ徳
ǽļգŵ˱֮⣬ÿ춼ʱ



ĳ̯֮ǰһλ鷷һ鼮̯λǰĿ˽ܵⱾҽ飬Ǵλ״Ԫţм²֢ľ֮ʵ˾ӼұرĹԹ˼ҼÿҶС
п˷˷ôȷãʵǮһ
鷷һڼۣʮӣܲۡ
ʲôô󣿡
Ǵ°汾ǧģ򲻵ʮӻӹ󣿡
㲻󿿿
һ
Ҳһ
ǳǮˣⱾҽĴ
ֻһֱЩɢķûл򵽣֡
һӣһ߽֮˽ͷһ鷻
Ƭ̺鷻¥һӷ׵ӣ˵ƹģػӦӽӡƣܻñռȻ
Ǹ̬Щԥⲻðɣӡƴ飬ûоߵͬ⣬һǵ鷳ô죿
ճɷ˽ԿӡδȨ鼮Ҫ黹󣬻Ҫһӡ
Ӻƹģˣڴģܵ鷳Ǯǲ׬б׬ӡ׬ӡû׬
̬ϸ˼֮ڵ˵ͷãȥҼīҵˣǾ桭

̶֮ڣĳЩ鷻֮ڣдġҽֲᡷ
Ϊʵԣ֮ǰ˹עһֱá
һƳ˶ϻ
鷻ˣҲ׷˵濯ӡ
ĳ鼮߶͹̶鷻к˲ӡƣⱾߣԶڴģǡ
÷ָԭӣȥӡƵĳɱȫԼֺ¿ɲС
һʱ䣬鷻ʼ顣
гͣͷ֮ڵطӡ
ġ

ŵ߳鷿ȥҽʱŲȻ΢΢һ١
ǰһ̣ڵҽĪıࡣ
ǺŵʮϤǡҽҵ徳
ͷԼĵλá
ͻҽҵ徳һֵ飬ǵľ۷壬ʱͻƵĿܡ
ղųҽΪͻ֮⣬ڣһ
һޱİ
ֻ൱ڸҳ뾳ĳ̶ȣŵҽӴĶ࣬Ҳңѵ뾳ˣ
ʽ˼뾳Īǰһţ
ңֻûκΪͨˣܿδޣֻ൱·ֻŵĳ̶ȡ
ŵԶһѾߡ
ʲôδҲû
¶ɫ
ҡ
ңңҽңīңңũңңݺҡӦоУĪڣңֻʲô


370 ʵڵģ
ŵվ鷿ſڣ˼⡣
ȷȷʵʵĶһȴ֪ôȥá
ҪӸҵȵ֪ʲô
ŵѾҵΪˣʣµļų
ĻСӼҡӼҵ˼ǲڳûжԼ
Ӽ֮⣬Ϊľǡҡˣӵй֮ɣܹ˵ˣսڼ䣬⽻ʹݳ֡
ݺҲУҸӵļֱӣʹұ̭ʧʷ֮С
ңҲûʲôҵ顣
ŵɣͬ
ųֻʣһܡ
ĪǴ˵ең
ŵ߻鷿ǰʡ
ëʵһ̣ǵƺܵʲôǣӿëʵıʼ⡣
ŵ¶֮ɫ
ң
ңʷмصĲ࣬ձΪǣѾʧȥˣиΪҸͲڡ
ϾҰʷжʵ̫ˣҼֱǽάûԸţֻһ֧ʣܸд˵ˣΥĹ򡭡
ȻǸԸŵǣʵһ飬һȫдܸ֮УԼ鹹
еķʽ˵
Ǽ򵥵飬ҪԼӵзǳԶӰ죬ʷϼصңһ⣬д˳½
һʼʵҵģңΪС˵ҡ
֮ʮ⣬С˵ûͳһ˼ϵҺͷ̵˼ں˺ϵͳ۽裬ڵʱС˵Ϊһɡ
ͨȤԢԹ£ԼĹ۵㣬ЩԢΪƪСԢ̣Ӷ߱ȣһԢԹ£ڶʱڣ½
С˵չ˸ģеѧԹڴ˼ңʷڣС˵ҵ֣Ҳȡ
һұдôͲˡ
ΪдʷģǱҰʷģԼˡ
ҵ뾳ߵģϾһΪȡԼ˼룬аֻҪпƾپдһ½鼮ɲô׵顣
ŵʫԶԶﲻһҪ
ѵҽֲ᣿
ⱾΪʵԣڴĺԹȼ㣬˵ңҲڴӡƣȻûиŵȨѣʵϣȷΪ鼮Ӱ졣
ҡ
ȻŵѾ²⣬Ҫԣȷ
ͬȴѭһ
ʵ⣬ֻһЩ漰ʶ˼ֻΪԼˣͬϡ
ֻ൱ڸҳ뾳ӣֻܶͨЧ
ŵ룬ֽдһ֡
ڽμ˲廨ĽȻȥ鷿ŵ
д仰ŵֽѹһ£ȻĬĬĵȴ
ӡ
һӡ
ӡ
鷿ֻԼķ
ŵ¶ɻ֮ɫѵ´ˣ
һֽٴдһ䡣
Ѿү鷿ĵƺûдɨæǰȥ鿴
һΣŵûеȶãһλŮȹǣæܽǸ˵үԲҽɨˣɨ
ɨ㣬Ǭĵ棬ϸֳһ˿Ȼ૵ɨˣ
ԼԴ˵ѽ鷿ʱ򣬵һɨأôˣүæɣ鲻ˡ
СѾ뿪ŵ΢΢Щɻ
ͬûΪΪʲôԣ˲ԣ
⼸λѾ顣
֤ȷ
ҰʷĲҰʷ˵ҿ鰴ǵ뷨չŵѾõ֤
ˣҵȼȻ֮ϡ
ԤδҸıδ
Ұʷ˵Ҳܸıδܸıȥ
Ҷԣûйȥؼδ֣֮ıѾ飬Ѿȥ֮ˣҲǶʶѡ
ȻֻһȺ뾳ҵҲҳŵġ
Ŀǰͨ飬ͨݺҲ
ֻҵķʽΪ򵥣ݺҪĽӴܸıԷ˼룬Ҫϻ߼ֻü򵥵ֽʣ˳ⷢչҿȫ߼ܹ˱Ƶ˱³ɱݺҸһΡ
ݺǰʾǱĬһеĸԴ趨
ʹӸңԼĳòϵǣȣӵŶһ޶ԡ
УҲǷǳѵġ
һ½ֻǿ뾳֮жѣ֪
ʱɻĿŵʵǿô鷻ʲô鷻󲢲ߣ࿪Ůӵ̡
ŵûйͣ˵󲻸ҲνֻҪС
ֵ伮϶ҵޣҲ֪٣ŵԼҲ֪ҵ
оīҵʱŵܿϧԼѧĿơ
ڣԼʱѧĿơ
Ȼīûʲôƣңȴеĺô
佫֮¼ڱˣԼС
ܽ鷻½ҵѶȻΪ͡
ŵڿЦҲûжʣĿǰĲҪ鷻龩ܶҪڴĸݶ鷻ɵ顣
۾תתܿ⡣

ŷˣʵҪӣ
˵
ȻҲ㻨ġ
𾪵ҪôӸʲô
˵Ҫġ
Ҫ͸
Ȼأ
˿Ȼ˵ǼȣҼûмҲûеλƾʲôĳ谮ø໨ӣҪʧˣҲûô
ѾôǮˣҪôǮʲôʲôҪôǮ
ʼ磬˵˭֪أ˵ɣĻҾŸȻҵķˣǮûϵҪٵˡ
촽˶ֻô˵
òײߵյλãɲǰ
˼֮ҧҧ˵Уɡ
԰
ŵȵĿŷˣ
Ļ˵ѽҵǮǮ֮䣬÷ʲô˴ˡ
ⷬ˵ŵ˼ˡ
˵ܹң˸֦ʵһֱΪ︶ֵǮֵҲˣ⣬ŵ벻
һ´֮󣬷ʵһǲףΪʲôҪô鷻
ŵһ֧ʣ˵㿴
ʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫ૵ңǲǱ𣿡
ŵҡҡͷ˵ʵڵġ
ֱۼ֤֮󣬷˲ҲǴ˵ŵʵ˵ģܹһ֧߸ǲҲģ
ܹһ֧ǱȻģ߸һõ磬Ҳ̫ˣгһһ㣬ȻǺŵġ
һ飬֮Ϊʲôûã
Ҳһɻ󣬵֪ǵĹϵ̫׽˰ɣ˵Ҳ㵽׽֮˵ˡ
⵹Ҳһܡ
ûŵ˼ãһСѾߴ߽ŵϵķˣС΢΢һ죬ͷүһгĹ㡭
˴˵ȥӡ
ŵСѾߵɡ
ڳӡ
ѧӣŵգõģȴģÿһƣмϣ½״Ԫߡ
Ȼŵ֮Զӡ̣ԭ
ĸףһгţˣӣľΡ
һˣܹ˺ѧʵѵãŵرһҲ֪Чô
Ƭ̺һӰ߽λ˶һ񣬹
ɫΪѣŵʵѴ
˵ͷ˵ʵѧһ飬


¥
¥ż֮ڣĵӰǰｻޱ֡
ճµķˣ軧⣬ǻƵĹǮǮ׬ˣ
׬Ǯ˻룬˵¼ҵĵ軧⣬Ҽҵĵ軧ҲŽ⣬Ȼ飬ǣ
ҼҵĻҲǣԴǹвǹǮǾǣʲôȱǲȱɻˣ
˻ģЩСϻծҲɣȫҾ͵öʱ¸ǽɵĹǮǻýŸɡ
ճµģҪЩ£βŪҵԺٲ˻鷳
ƻصˣ飡
ţ˶һ
ұĵ⣬ΨڲͬԵǶԵ軧˻ƿ̣µԹصԲֶԸ¼ҡ
ϸڣһһȻ˸¡
һã֮ϵľƱ͹һڣʵ˵ƹҲûʲôƽնԵ軧ͻƣЩˡ
һ㶣תͷȻϻƣǲǺȶˣôͬճµˣ
Ļ䣬һҲ˿˵Ҿϻ˵ĶԣǵӣӶˣ˼˵£ǲҲΪЩ顭
ˣˣ趼ˣ
ƹ¶ŵı飬Ȼվץһ˵ֱۣ˵ţķ財ˣ죬ߣ
Ҫƹ뿪ѾˣԷȴȻ˿
ƹ̧ͷʵΪʲôҪߣ˵Ĳ𣿡
ƹһ£Ȼſ֣𾪵ָˣ㣬ǣճµǲǶʹʲôôһˡ
һ˲֮䣬ʮϤˣȻȫתӣԽԽú󱳷Ҳһ˳ȥ顱һϷš
һϢ
Ϣ
Ϣ
Ϣ֮󣬸ոչϵķţٴδ򿪡
ƹ񻺻߽ߵǰٴ£ˣ˵ϸ룬˵е׬ǮȻҲҪ׬Ǯ֮⣬ҲҪһΡ


371 
¸
꼸ƵĻ㱨ţɫѿ
ԽԽĵ̣ѾֹͣΪǹļӣϾҪȥˡ
ȻĳԵԡ
˵軧ĵ⣬˺ͻƵĹǮ֮ƽĶļˣͿʼԳ¼ҵ⡣
еͷ˶ҡ
޵Χ֮ڣ˹ϺӣܱЩ˵ͷһֻԼ׬Ǯ
ʱһүƹƹ񣬻ƹƹˣ˵Ҫү
ţɫ⼸һҫ
ǣ˵Լˣ˵ǽ
ܿģĵӰ߽ڣΪ׵һ¶Цݣ첽ǰųţ֣˵ϳ£Щ飬ǶԲסǹϣǧҪԭǡ
Ҳ׷׿ڡ
˵öԣ׬ٲ㹻˼˵£ǸΪ¡
ϳ磬һ㣬ǲ㰡
֮ǰ飬Ĳã˲С˹ҪǼƽϣԺһɡ

ţһ㶣⼸һǹ˵Լģ
һϵӣҲ˵
֪ⷴ˵ʲôˡ
ص¸ʱ򣬿һ档
׺ͽԳ¼ҵļλ̸˿ǳˣ޼ѣǵĻǲԳ¼ңӴͳ¼ҵĺ
⣬ǺҲЧ³¼ңΪ軧ǽн
ԭغһ
͸ףһֱڼĽ̵£¼ҵİոȴ⵽Щ˵Ĵԡ
֮£ֻȥ
¼ҵ᲻Ӱ죬ģǣ¼ҵ֮󣬻ʧȥơ
Ӧ˰ָһա
û뵽ȵؼҵʱѾˡ
Ȼͨ
һƹ߹Ц˵ԺһҪһػ£ĺù٣úĲܣôİչϺӡ
ֻܵͷǡ
ɺ棬Щֻӵļ̣ôȻ䶼תӣӵ˾ĪǱ˾вˣ
뵽ģҲֻһܡ

԰
鷿
ŵһдֵֽţӽů¯֮С
ȻʶԼԵ軧̫̣̰ڣæµֻ꣬ǿ±ص룬ʱеһһʱ˳ţ
Ԫ˼֮뵽ԼӼӶ꣬»İ֮ܿ࣬ġ
ʡ
Զ̡
ղѾõϢ̳ţ֮󣬳λˣ˵軧ĵ⣬黹̻ƵĹǮ
ŵкַܶʽһ㡣
вҵȨƣزҾܾȻڷĲ
ҲݺӰǵ˼룬ԳţҪᣬĽͽӴ̫ԣ˻ɡ
ΨҵֶΣܹϢ˭뵽
ӵǿһңȴûʷĳУʵԶ⵽ɣȻûԭġ
ݺֻΪǱĬӰ˵˼룬ͱǹ˱ܶԶ֮
ҵݺҸӿֲ
ûϣ˽ƾһ֧ʣܿƱ˵˼룬˵
Լ
Ѿĳֽɡ
Ŀǰŵû̫á
дһҳǵѾĴҪһʱָ
ңĿǰʵҲֻ֮ܽͨϣݺûбϵֻʵֵĹ̸Ϊ򵥶ѡ
ϲǣһ£ΪҲܹ֪
һֱ֮ף࣬Ϊ𾴣ǵзʽûô̵ԭļңܹӦҡ
ݺҺҵĸҵУǾ߱˶߱ơ

ʥʮ£ھܸİ˵Ϣһһ
ǳ軧⣬ƹǮ˰յһº
֮󣬻ټʮλ¡
ǲ֪͢Щ̸ʲô󲻾ã͢Ͱ䲼һɷ
Ҹؼ̣ÿ¸ƵĹǮõڶӣΥʮ
ɷھУȻȫ
ڵײջȸԾһҹʱʮλ򣬻Ӧ͢٣עƶգΪҵķȶԼ
ЩˣвСĿɽ
ǶҪԹԵӳ͢ɷȻûпܵء
⣬͢˰Ҳ˸ȵĸĸ
𣬳͢ڶʮӵļͥ˰ʮԽߣ˰ҲԽߡ
ͬģӵԽٵİգ˰Խ˰ӵԽ࣬Ҫе˰ҲԽ
͢˾٣Щٸƶ˼
Ⲣǳ͢һҪôǰʧܶգγ˷ԵȨҴǣҲı˳Ĭ
ֻΪЩɷŵƶġ
ȻֻƷĹٽף˸ǵĴڡ
ĸףĹ֮׵ǶƴӣʹڳкڰͨԣټԼз֣ټã˭ǣ
Ϧǰһ£˾ũҲϢ
빤Ĺͬо֮£˾ũ³ɹôĵļҪʵ˲Ѿʼģӣȷ֮ڣеĴİնԵñ
ȻҲе鶼ǺϢ
߾Ϣֹۡ
Դʵλ֮ĳãѾκƿأΪκ
κ߾ȻԴУͬǲϣһڲӡ
ݰգѾᵽսζʼǰѡ
ʥʮ꣬ǵϲǲΰйȥ
ųµһѩʽʥʮꡣ
µһ굽ԽԽˣʼʶһ顣
ڵǻ޸ŵģζţѾʮĻʵۡ
ٶ꣬λʱõĻʵۡ
ĵλʮ꣬ͻᴫλ»ʡ
ΪĻʵۣȻӵߵĵλϵȨԼǿҲҪĹʴΪԱǱ봫λ
Ѿλʮ꣬ȴȻûһλ˼
ֵǣһֱ˿µӰ졣
ոսĴ󳯻ϣ¶ݵ¶һ档
¹Ա𾪵ķ֣µòȻģ
û˸ҶԴʣҲû˸һȨ֮Ĵ󳯻ϣӦԿܵսҪ⡣
κʵȴǿһߡ
ӦκֻЩǿĹҳ룬ıضǳԲġ
Ϊˣ󳯻ոս͢Ϥʹʹʱ̽
ͬʱʡҲһʱټԹʹš
ȻʵǽıţǳκҲС
԰
ֻµãȻѰӿһЩѾԻλƵ·ˣܹĽг˵ĳƺ
ŵûҵٽǵĳɳ
ݺһңһʼ֤֮⣬ûڼϡ
ʵţš
ߣֻӸңⶼ޷ġ
ݺҺҵԣԸ򵥵ķʽ˽ȻҲǿ
ƣпܳС
ŵֹһεĸоݺҺҵһЩͷЩΪ˽ͷֻᱻȻ֮ѹơ

ߴһŵոսͿٻλƵ֣ŵһֱһǽ۵Сף˳㴫һҽǵ塣
СһʣҪԭǾҽϴ
ۿɰСŵУһЩȸС
˵ĵǣ½õ֤ʵ
κ±߾ϲ⣬˾֪
̬Խ˷֮Ҳ־ӵǲϷ˵֮䣬С֮ģСϦ
ȻԴûʲô춯ǳǣסԹĽԮʱذɡ
³ʷϼصĺ
ʱ䣬ȻһֱŬУȻӦδı֡
ŵĿ⣬Ӽˣˣ˵һһɨ߹ȥٽǣ뿪԰

ʿϵһͼֽƤ̲ס
ŵȿоǮȥҷҪѾ˵ˡ
ʷӦʵҪ뿪
ͷ
һ̯ǰ޼
ȻĶƭӣҲʱк֮ҪһС̯㲻ϺãÿҲ׮⡣
һ»ӵķ򸾣˵ǽӵкӣ˵Ĵ˼ҼǮϲصȥ
̯ŮĵķС飬̧ͷʱ¶Цݣ˵磬ҽȥǼҿٺ𣿡
ŵָ㣬ü΢΢һȻŮ˵סһʱ䣬ԸԸ⣿


372 Ѳط
үүĻɴ۾һţ𣿡
ԴЦ˵㲻ϲȥǼ𣿡
ʵүүҲһȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ԪүүҪ뿪һʱ䣬ʱ䣬ڴүүڣҲ̫̰棬ÿ춼üǵС
ŵ˱ȭлǰ
ȻУҲûԴΪƾʵڴĺ޼ɡ
һλߣûʲôõĵˡ
ŵܹʶʦɽޣΪЩ鷳˼ңλǰĴƯʺһͬеġ
ҲԾԵʵҲͬԸǵġ
ǵңŵδڣ֪⡣
˻֣˵ҲţȥҲСҪǵãǷϷһ飬պҪġ
ŵȻ
Ůŵ뿪Ƶ̾˿
ҿ̫Ȼȹ˼Ļʵۺһ㣬Ҳѳ
ǲΨĲµģֻжѪ
һʱһʱȻû䣬ǵ޵ȴ죬֮ǰΪҵһǿ
԰
籧һֻ˶ӿУߣֽ顣
ʦ֮󣬳һʼҪͰӮŬ˼죬ڷֲκͬİ֮󣬾ˡ
ʵߣ֮ţһҲֻܴﵽʦ֮
츳Ĳ޷ʦ·߶Զ
ǿʦʦҲǿޣѴľȥУ˲̫顣
ܽߣһ츳Ƕ⣬ټµĻۣɱ䡣
ÿеķʽ˵
ȻȻ׽ŵ֪ﻹǺںԷġ
ѲУŵǡ
Ҳû취ǡ
ӻС벻ĸף˺Ͱû취뿪ҵģ˲ҪӪȼַҲ벻һߣĲǵס
ΨһܺһߵģԹʱ򣬾ֻһŵߴ˰꣬ңʱҲ̣ٴ֪˺Ͱô롣
ԼҲ뵽һ㣬ԹԵĴڼ
Ԫ֮ǰŵڼǡ
ŵ磬ÿι꣬ﶼвͬı仯
ֻиӶˣڵһӣԽԽ֣ǣҲԽԽ࡭
ԪĹȥһжʼ졣
ſãмУͬǣʥʮ꣬յϣЦݡ
ȥһ꣬͢Ϊײռ˰ɷʽ涨ÿ͹Ǯյˮƽߣֳһﾺľ
ոտãһϢʹʡ
˼ѲʷŵѾ뿪˳ǰѲ顣
ѶԱĵ׳˿
ŵȻĸһɱзնն̰٣˭֪᲻ѪҪз
ˣֵطԱˡ
ŵ뿪ʮֵ͵ûм̫Ĳ
գµ䣬ϵ͢һ顣
Ҷ֮󣬴˵λ塣
ҵ徳ɳΪ塣
ˣһ⣬һΪΪմˡ
Ҷ֮ϡ
λ಻ͬʮǰմҲƾٸУȴδѡˣǽԡΪ
մΪƾȻܹΪѡģȴҵӱޱȹȴ˶ĳġ
ˣܾ˳͢ίΣѡ˴ҵʮڴĸѧ͵˼봫ѧӡ
˵дԱóһ
λڳãһӰˣľͽ塣
Զ볯ã˫߱˴أԴƶĵطѧӴգɽеĺʶĶ֣еڷңǰЩӣɹ徳
س죬ոǰͣ˳ΣĹԱŰݷúϲ
ĳ֮ڣһ԰׵ź룬üͷ
ʲôΪȨ¾
ϷûлسĳţȻ˵ز
⻼̫ӣӳԵ׷ֱ֮ǻ
Ȼֺαذռλţ紫λܶԪ

֪곤֮üͷĸ
ȥ꣬һƫƧɽ徲ޣ֪Ϣƾ֮󣬷֪Ѿ
δ֮ΣΪӣȻڱչ׷Ѱ翵ĳʵ˻ӹ
˼Ƭ֮дԸ͵޼Ƹϡ
һ˽ӹǡ
޼ƣҶ֡
ڴģֱܹλģҲֻˡ
պոǰ
ӣͬʱͣոſڡ
ҶԴһ߳һֻۣ΢΢ͷδԣ߽ո
Ƭ̺ո֮ڡ
߽֮ȶһ߹˹֣˵ϲ֡
Ҳ΢Ц겻ˡ
˷ֱɫƽڵǶˣΪ࣬йȰ֮ȴӱʮΪǶԵ°գԵϵĹٷ𣿡
ԣ΢΢ͷһʱԷ
ɫ糣ԹԵһˮ
߲δǣǵҪһͼεӣһֻ볤ĵѾλ̫ˣڳ͵Ȩ޷ӦԽı֡
ĬƬ̣˵ġûˡ
²豭ʵƹ
ߵ̰Ȩλڹк棬ĲҪһϳĻʵۡ
ʵñ´λ˭
ߵ治ףֻдؼؼѡѽȴȻ̰ͼ֣յŪûе֮ܣȳأǰɫ˵ı䣬ѧöֲ;δزܵԴΣ֮У¿ѡһλΪ̫ӣΪΣ
ҡҡͷ˵̫ӣ˭Ϊ̫ӣǱµļ£ΪߣӦ֮¡
߿ŵʵƵεöײ££Ҳհǰ˺󣬿᲻֮λ
໺վ˵ͶϷǡ
˵գֱתȥ
뿪߿ϣʧ벻ǰӲƣҲɽյӡ
Ҳ֮վ˵ΪΪɻ֮£һȰ˼УЩҹԱ˶
ԣֻǵһЦ˵ϷգԺѧ˵һ仰˹һ̩ɽںëϷΪȰɻҲ˵̩ɽ˰ɡ

ʥʮ꣬ԪչһЩ粨
Դݻع飬ĵһ飬齨λ
ĹԱ֪ǱµĽɡ
̫֮󣬲֪ж˽ӡ
ҹԱ߱׷Բɣдʫ飬̰Ȩӹ񣬵նץ˴»˾һѾģߣ˶
Уĵӡ
Ϊ࣬޷סǡ
Ψһһа֮ӣѵģǵ̲ɼŵ
һסˡձΪǰָ²Ϊĸףʲô鶼ûС
һΣմģɲǽ
˼Ҫֱλ
ˣѾ˾Ĵˡ
徳⣬ˣֻλ۴½Ҳʮһ𾴵ɱմ壬¾ĵųˡ
ڳƽʱ
ݡ
Ȼ볤ԶѲھܵϽ
ΪܽԲھܵ͢עһݴʷ֮ϣҲ˿ɹܣʹݵĵطԱӵоԵȨȴطԱ
ݽͷĳվһ۷׷ס
̫ƽˣ
ЩǲĽͷգô˷ˣ
Ϊײ˱ݵǧСһ仰ǾͲˣⲻǶ˻·𣬵ǻбĻ·Ҳѡ·
Ҳ̫۸ˣݴԼ¥ЩŮ¶ظڽͷͣô˵˷ףƫƫ۸⼸СյǮ˵Ĺ¶
˵ǱݼҵǧС㣬ǳƯݼǧݣְ׳ֳҪĻȫǵŮüʡ
㻹˵֮ǰгƯŮӣ˰ʹ
꣬˵˱˵ˣ˵Ҳꡣ
֮ʱһԴ
λǸղ˵ʲô飿
˻ͷȥһһվ߰׷룬Щòʣͦΰ󻹱һѲŰɫĳ


373 
ݡ
á
ſڵԩı죬Ƶ˸õһڹԱ÷һɧ
ô£
˭ģ
ܷܣȥˣ
ģſڵǲ͵ˣôţ

ԩȻǸԩõģãֻðպͳ͢ԩǸԩõģ˭ıӵȻȥ⡣
ÿԩı˶ٴΣǱڵطԱģõĴԽ࣬˵ϽԩԽ࣬ӰǵĿԩǻˡ
ſվڵۣһҪְ𣬾ֹԩģֻ첻֪ôˣһ˹ʱֻ㶵վ￴ţûκξٶ
ĵһʱ䣬ܵ⣬ס˵֣æˣˣ
˷¹鳣ֶüʵǺˣΪ£
´һʵλǡ
ݷܣʲô飬Ը߱١
ԭǷܴˡ˶˹֣Ȼʵ˵ץ˼λͷյĹҽֹԺڽͷգһ£ôݵɷ
һݷְܵݰؼòȣξξְȨ㣬һݣһʮأЩе˾ְ𣬶鷨ͳ
ô˾Ա޷ӦʮַҼ򵥵飬λϣһ˿ҵϢûС
˿̣棬ѾΧ˲ٰա
ô˵˷׷׶Ͷ
ˣĸʰ
ٸ£ҪͰս
Ҳû뵽˻ģȻΪѯ顣
飬Ҫѭʲôɷ
ǱݴһԸ顣
ôյ棬Ȼô˵ɤӣ˵ймҹ棬ǼŮڽͷ¶˷ףɷѺʾͽ䣬Ϲ桭
˵ܶ˵ǲû¶Ǹúݵץˡ
̿󷽵İգʵ˭˵ģվ
ͷԣ׷׺
Цλˣ˵㿴û˵Ǹ£һǹƽģ㲻˵˼䣬ɸõĹ
֮ȻûмѯǼŮӵ飬ȴһת˵Ҹղ·һ¥Щ¥Ůӣ̻¶飬ǿͣ˷ףΪʲôܣ
촽˶óǻҲ֪ôش
¥Ǳݴ˵Сӿģ̻¶Ϊ˸õͣ˻ȥѿΪʲôҪȥǣ
ɫҲĥ´ǰˣʵǺˣģ·óҿ
ڰ˵·൱֤дǵļסַ
Աƾ֤·ͬŵֻҪóҲͲزסˡ
Ϊ˷£뿪֮ǰŵԼǩһ·
·ûĹְͼϢŵҲûддһƫԶء
ӻȡ·ݸλܡ
ӹ֮ɨһִۣһŵһ˵Щ죬ںɣǳͨ͢շˣ£ѺҪúһ
ŵŴˣ˵ˣⲻаɣմɷĻɣܳΪץɣң㻹ûлشҸղŵ⡣
ˣҲԶλݱ
˳ǣɷ˵ɷٶúЦһݷܣɷбٶɷ
˵꣬վŵԵһۣʵͬ
߹ϵҡҡͷ˵Ⱥ֮У˵ǣҲʶ
ۿλֱԵˣΪǼλ޹Ĺ˵ͱΪշΧ۰սԸŭԡ
Էһݷܣƹɷɣλ˹ؽȥɰҲؽȥ飬Ҳǵһθɡ
ƳŵһۣǬĻ˻֣˵ߣ
ܹһȡòŵĽץֱۡ
ʵ㣬
ۿλе˱ߣΧ۰ս̾˿
̫˰
ٸ£ҪǽͣǷǺڰףƾ˵
ˣҪһٿͷˡ
ôܷ˵Ҫ졣
ǧ𱻱ݼҵС㿴ҪȻĶĥ
ݴΡ
ȥ
һţŵ˽ȥͬһη֮ڣżӣһηǼŮӡ
ֻͽ̲ŷŮֻǹѺ죬һֻὫŮڲͬη˽òϯ򵥸
Ҫ˽طٸʵĵط
ո뿪ͬηһλ׳˶ӱ㿪ŵֵܣΪʲôģ
ŵʼ磬˵ԩģʷץǼλؼֹڽͷգݵһɷͱץˡ
Ǻһ£ŵĴָ˵û뵽ֵܿģȴôӡ
ŵʵأ
£ηǽϣ˵õĲͷҵС԰ʳǰծ˵аУһǮö
˿һλӣ˵һãλֵܲŲңݵŮ㣬ϣͱ˷񣬴һٰӲ˵Ҫǻӣ»ᱻص
ηŮץηդǸĿŵ˵Բӣˡ
ŵЦЦ˵ûϵҲûʲô⣬ǲôģĿûɷ涨Ҳ

ݸãĳ÷֮ڡ
߽÷һԱʵܴˣʲôˣ
˰֣˵һ֮ͽѣѾˡ
УһòŵĶӦһѽ
صԼλãƿĲȻһ⡣
׽⿪ס
ѽĽʺͽͨɫһɻƽģ˵·дţǾ̵ģĪץһֻ
ڹ·һô˵ǺѰ顣
ݳ޵ôƽ콣ʵģҲǵһ
ܿ۾
ѽĽʲǻƽģ澹ȻצֻлʼҲõĶȷе˵ֻб²צ
ѹҪ˽
С˵ơ
˵ı
ôұѽҡڵĳڸõģ
ҿ˿⣬̽˽²ãڻУһ÷
÷֮ڣһСԲŮӱݱݵĸ첲ҡҡ˵ǼŮ̫ɶˣܲʮΣԺ뿴ǡ
ݱʵǾôˣ
ŮӶ˶ţ˵Ҿǲ뿴ǣ
ȻûеÿγţɦŪˣӿ޴ͣ;ķ
ݱҡҡͷ˵ûзʲô飬ԺڽͷգѾ㹻ˣȻһݱݣҲΪΪ
ñûȨҪ˲ڽͷյġ
ΰŮҲȨһССԡ
ٶ࣬ɾͲôˣʮͽ̣Ǹܹģϱ̲̲ɲúŪһܻ
ոմţ̲ŵѾԼʷ뿪ǰѲ飬зնȨһݴʷܵãͷӡ
ʱ˽
ڸõĸ֮һݱƿŮ֣ʵ£
ĵǰױƵĽǰѽ˵¹ٸղŵõһö˿
⿪ϵĲǰСԲŮӿ˽һ̵֮ѽƯҪ
˽Ĳƿһ˲ݱƤ
彣ϵצʱĶͷʼкˮӲǿվȣһ˿ϣʵ⣬ѽǴģ
ЦŽ͵ղиԩģ¹٣ɷץǼŮӣ¹˸ͷصˣѽǴѳģ˵죬Ҵצˣˣôˣˣιȥˣȥ򣡡

֮ڡ
ŵںġ
ܵѵغͷӶˣҲһٵ˼ҵѾߣȥүϵĵһ죬үΪ̰۱͢ˣЩѾҲǲɢҪı·
ҲһȥµҵڶΣ֣һˣӣѧЩ̽ͷı£ǸˣӽɢԺ󣬾ͺͼСãԼڽͷˡ
Ҳ֪ô˱ݴ˵С㣬ϸոհ̯ͱץ˽λ˻˵Ժڽͷˡ
ӽ˵ʵǰѾܲˣٿûô˵ԺҲͳһͨ˰ýˡ
СҪǸǰĸ²̧ȥʬ壬ڳ͢ϣǲôˡ
ܵ˵ӻͷġ
֮ʱηںȻһҵĽŲ
ܿģһӰǰ𾪺Ͳ֪УŴţһŹٷӣ˫һѽɫĳ߽η˵ǰӣݱݣˣ
ŵûзûлӦݱݣǿķܣʵλˣղŵ⣬㻹ûлشأץ⼸λݵһɷ
վݱֹסĲ
ͬ⣬һֳ֮зѲʷȻͬ
죬ȴ֪ôش𣬶ͷ£һҧָݱݣ˵Ǳݴôģ¹ԩ
ݱݲȻŭһɺԣôĵӣԩ٣
ŵݱݣ˵ȱŭٻһ㣬˵ݳڿһ¥д£
ֵݱݶͷðˡ
ֹ͢Աˣɾ㱻ץҲǷʡԱӪ¥Ҫ׷ģ¥£϶Ʋϵ

ݸſڣԽԽİվۼ̽ͷ̽Ե
ڸղţ÷һ¡
ϣץ˼λͷյĹҽֹԺա
һλֻΪǴ˼䱧ƽҲܷһץ˴Ρ
Ӵзųλ˵ܷܺͱͱ¨ӡ
λץεˣʵǳ͢Ѳʷ
ݱݣݵڶȨĹԱֻбϥͷķݡ
ڸղţܷѾְȨ֮¡
ݴˣҲڽܵ顣
ڼϢݴʷ֪£Ҳ˲ϢˣҴҸϻظýӴ
Ƕ¼ĽһչڴȻѲʷһݣȴǵһּԱѲʷ
ǶڴĽһչ
ͰյڴͬݵطԱڵ֪Ϣ֮ж̿֡
Ѳʷз
⼸ֻľս
ЩйĹԱ˵˿ֻһͷ
Ҫˡ


374 ƹ
ݡ
ĸſڣȴ˳ӡ
Ѳʷݰݣյݵĵһ죬ְȨͣݱݺͷְܵ
ͬʱſʾݰԩҪ죬״Ҫ棬ԩģʷ˻Ϊ
ֻǹ̽
Ѳʷӹܸ֮ĵһ飬ԩ
ηйѺķһһʣһ󣬸ôιص˸ˡ
ԭȱѺηķˣкܶ౻ͷţݸõĹȴһһĽȥְͣʷѺܱһڲ죬ȣץѺ˷ˣҡһ˷
Уܵء
ΪܣƹһݷɥʧΪٳģȨ֮㣬̰Ϊ㱻ְ졣
ݱݣΪ͢Ա˳͢¥ְȨ֮㣬ŮΥΪʱְͣȺ͢䡣
ݱ֮Ůֻ򼵶ʼŮӳƯ컮沿ݣ˺ƾ丸Ȩƣʮ䷢ϵﲢմɷͽʮꡣ
ֻǴʷ٣ݱǽϵˣݣǴʷҲ֡
죬ţλʷģݣʼ׷׵ø״״ݹֲΪ
̶գʮأ顣
ĵͼǲ
һЩڱطԱӣѹգĵƦԣӭǵĩգɡ֮Ҳʧȥ˱ӻ֮ڣ֪ͷء
ڴЩڶ֮ʷ˻ǰѧΪѧ˼ÿΡ
Ϊƾѵ״ԪÿһÿζΪ
⣬ݵص壬Ҳܵʷ˵ټ
ͷصЩˣкܴһ֣ЩȨƵļ壬ȻνȨƣλʷȣЩֵһˡ
ټ֮ʷҲδΪǣֻǸЩˣҪɼƴգϣһݵʱ򣬲ÿǵԴ
ݸá
£ŵݴʷнӹȨ
֮ǰû뵽һݣͻµʱ䡣
˵û뵽ǣݾ뾩֮ȻҲôҡ
ԱְȨǳ̬ɷͬ裬ץ˾ץˣ̣Ѷطٸ̰ƲּѾΪĬ
ó͢ٺ»Ӧñյ۲죬ȴ̰ݵȺ壬ĸΪıɡնԹٸηԼΣʮأλУɱɷ
⻹ֻһݡ
ݽھܣ»ЩЩԶ볤ƫԶأ֪ʲôӡ
һЩţȻ̲סŭ̶̵İ£ӵͲ׷Ļۡ
޸ɷӳ֮аջǰ֮ࡣ
˲鰸֮⣬Ҳûԡ
ѧѧӣȻƾٸеϣСҾڵضһӰ죬ˣҲڵطĻһá
ڵص͸̣ŵûȫݺҺҵֶΡ
ݺȻЧͼӰΪЧ̫ãǴΧ·飬˲뵽ϡ
ңһ˵޵ģҲû취ıô˵뷨
Ϊ߾֮ǰΨֶͨΣܱ֤Щõúͳ׵Ĺ᳹
ǴѡһЩˣǿиԤǵδ
һֽͶ˻¯֮УЩֽڻȼմ߳䣬ߵ߰ɣ뿪ˡ

ʡ
࿴еߡӣ̶̰£ݹٳѾ췭ظճ˴λãΪԷһȥƾ٣Ͷ¼ȡ˲ѧӣ಻ίΡ
ֻһݣôԱ⽵ְ͢Ľʿûþͻ꣬ƾ٣»¼١
ŵܽĸݶһ飬δ꣬궼þпƾˡ
ߡӣϸֳһ˿Цݡ
Σ㿴һЩϣ
⼸£ĴԺѧУȻ֮ģѾ˶ʮλ
һ⣬Ǳŵָġ
ÿһλӵкȻ֮ĹԱͻһλ̰һգ
ʡ
һλԱ߽÷һ⹫˫ֵݸ࣬˵ʦ¼ȡĽʿһ
⹫Ľֵ࣬ڶӣ糯йԱ齨ҪҪ
˵꣬Ͱ˰֣˵ز롣
ǹԱ˵ͷ˵ǡ
ʱһӰ߽ǹԱ΢΢˳÷
࿴еĹģ˵ֻһݣʹ˼ʮλԱĽʿֻһǲ
Ǿٶ¼һ˰ɣطϱ߹أһеȱλҪϣÿԳûλǻÿ궼ƾ٣вȫʱ򡭡
΢΢Ŀһۣ¶ˡ
˿˵ƲĻѾãһγ׵ĻѪκεı䷨ֻͽ޹
ЩһִʡһִʡǺѣͬ
Ϊ
ã䷨һͣҪѭ򽥽ʵſڲ͵곯͢ӵΪѡԵӶȵǵӺȻչϺӡ
Ҫȫ泹׵ĸĸϲ̰سͲؽһµĴġ
ʵ֤ˣЩ˹Ϻ֮󣬲ż£ֹİչϺӡ
ŵģʵ൱ġ
࣬˵ǶԵġ
ô꣬ϿɣȴûԵֻҡͷһЦʵľãһγ׵ĻѪ𣿡
֣⣬˵ڳĹԱɱʮһʲôأƾ¼õλʿĹԱռ߳ϣҶռɣʮ꣬Ǿͻصǰλãûʲôᱻı䡭
˳Ĭǲʵ
ǼҴӵѪֿŴĹĵֻҪƾٵķʽ䣬˾ǡ
ǶԿƾٽ׵ĸĸҲְͨ취ֱӻӵĲʳá
Ĵģһжõķչ
عʷ֪ⲻһֻضѡ
գһлҪصԭλá
ʱɷܻᱻ޸ģ䷨Ҳᱻ𽥷ϳ
ģǹͬĹϵζŴҲԶˡ
˳Ĭ˵ϵӼһڳͼȰλȥȰȰɣȰֻˡ
˿˵²Ȱ
ͬҵ徳ڳʮ꣬ܶ飬Ȼʮ
²Ը飬ûܱ
׼ŭ£Ψ·
ңȻҲˣԼȰ
ո
ԺУѾʮλԸ顣
ӦѧҲѾǧˡ
ǻȡʷ̨λʷ˴Ӧ
üͷ˻䣬˵һȺųͷ׶ôЩʥ飬޵£鳼Ǿֻۿš
ʱһλ߽ߵĶ˵˼䡣
üҶ˶һ½ߵһƫ֮ڣһӰֱʵ޼ϷһȰµ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ȰģҪͼŭ£ܶҲ
Ŀ¶ʧ֮ɫҡͷƱˣҲˣϷ򲻹һ񣬲˱ˣϷϷΣ
̾˿֮ǰ֪еĽ
촽˶뿪ڣߴһӣͬıͿͣ
һۣ̾ȥ
մûٿһ̧ۣͷǽϵʥĿһƬᶨ

԰
ٹŽѾƵ߹ݵأߵں߷İߣ˫ۣ
ཱུС˵ȥ̱ɣһ˴һ
Ȼ˵ʲôҲ֪ڲ뱧ǵתһӰλƵȥ
֮⣬ϲľǷ̵Ļˡ
ֻз̵ĻĻһĸо
˱٣ЩǵĿں߷İҪ߹ȥס˵һ˾ɡ
죬˶ھչ˰ĸܡ
ͰԸˣûк졣
մżԺԼǧѧӣڹſھ飬ſڳ׶סʡĹԱֻĹȥš
ǾĿֻһȱ
˵ĺñ
˵ĲǱƱλ
˵ʮ겻Ϊı壬üҳ٣Ӧþλλøľ
ǰĸףвҲ
ֹҲЩ
ϾЩ˵ĻҳٵļҲýһס

֮ڣѾǵڶδп顣
һΣԺΪ׵ġࡱжĿǲ
ǴεжԺĲҰܶա
ʧˣĻ壬Ǳı֮ɱʬɽѪ
βһ
οķҵ徳Ĵ壬ҪĿģҲ࣬Ǳƹ
ʮ겻йԱԼʶ֮ʿ£´ģһΣմǣͷԺѧ׷Ӧȫռ˹ſڣìͷֱָ¡
εĿܲܳɹ϶ʷŨīزʵһʡ
µǳˣǰֻδǣͷΪ˴ʷһƹĻʵۣҪˣĻʵۡ
մ˵ˣǲã־
壬κһλʵ۶ų׼
ʹ
ĳĹ֮ڡ
Ļ˫ȭգĿɱ⣬ؿڵͷڷת˲֮ͱ˰ɫϵҲѸٸ֣֮ʹģ˽оľˡ
ŴȡһöѪɫĵҩУһ̣İ׷תڣϵƤҲ𽥱Ľ¡
ĻҧϹޣ
һӰӵĻʿҪڹſڡ
ǵӰŲס΢΢ͷȻתȥ
ǵ޳ͦεӰȥĻϵıŭ֮ɫʧʱ䶢ʧķĿ䣬ž޲


375 ֮

֮ǰ




ǧӰϯضڼλߵĴ֮£һһĺںš
ǵ󣬵ںȻ֮ļӳ£ڳһ䣬š
ѱϽͷԶԶ
УȻ֧Щ˵ġ
ʮ겻ϳýɽڲˣİѲ¾ӡ
ֵδ֣֮ҪģһͼΣұĸӸǿĻʵۣһԳ߱ɱĵ
ͬºͽɣһɵ徳ĴͷڹſھӰ켫
ΧЩѧ֮⣬ȴκ
˭ҵһ֣̻Ϊʸ֮ġ
һֱûдϢҲ֪»ôá
˵ȴĽһչʱӵĽֵм䣬Ȼһͨ
һȺµӰڽֵϣ֮¶֣׷Žֵߺˡ
˾
˾ˣ
նЩ˲İƹܵ˾ÿһγǰʹͷأǳ塣
մڹ֮ǰһӰߵߡ
̧ͷӰʲôҲû˵ֻǺݺһڣһڿˮĽ¡
ƽĿߡ
λӰǰմ建վһǿƣڿӿ
˾λֵڣͬӿһγһϣУմơ
λߵϣɢʦϢմ塣
ǵ徳Ĵ岻ʦҲһ塣
մ忴ʵҪϷȥ
ƽɿԺǧʦʹ컩䣬˾ɣǱָʹͼҴģһ˰ɡ
ȥ
ǵĽڣ
ǧȥ˾
մ廹ûпڣĵǱ׷׳Ȱ衣
˾ʲôطʮˣûܻų
뽫ƭ˾ǰԴЩҹԱһ˾ʲôǶܹĳ
մ嵥ָϷ뿴ŷɥ˾ǲ̶Ѩ
ʦ
մ壡
ȥ
˽Ȱ裬մѾֹǽҪ˵ĻЩ˾ȥ
˿̣նСۡ
մȥ˾ˡ
˸òҪɱմɣ
ôܣ
ôܣǰɱҹԱ𣿡
βһǵ徳Ĵ尡˭ɱ徳Ĵ壿
ȥĽʮ꣬ڰպͳõ˭ﲻһ鳼
꣬ķȴ˷ת
ڡ˫֮ҡȨɱ˸ǬڳеĹԱұڳѹ̧ͷаտʼ
Щ˺ܶ໵¡
ڸģǳһƶ䷨ͬţɱһȻ
ɱ̰ٸ࣬Ǹ߸ϵĴȨѾʧǲòɣǲһַʽɵĿġ
״ԪŵΪԽԽ˿ʼһ۵㡣
ĵһΨһĶӣһΪĺù
оܰգĸС˵Ķݣ
Īνļ鳼ֻǴαװΣ
᲻ᣬϣźȻ֮
룬ʼռôӦòȥɱ徳մɡ
ʱʹĳ
һӰ߽˵£մ屻˴˾ˡ
ϥһ֮ϵĻʻ۾ƽã˵һֱαװ𣿡
곤Ļ¹ٳĬƬ̣ſڵūãЩԵ棬ңôù£ùˣ
δءĻĿкܶ飬Գ֮ʶʮˣԾɿ͸
ϻ¹룬ԣȥЩ꣬²ƵɱЩҹԱ
Ļ˿˵Ҳ£һαװεңȴòЩε̽Ҳɲš
ϻ¹ûпڣ֮˾þõĳš

ãգ˶ڵȴ
ڵ˾Ľ
һֱд˵踺أ巨˫ޣϴ˫֮ңɱôȨȻģҲһֱ޷ҵ롣
˵˶ҹԱҲӵкȻ֮
վһ˿ϣġ
徳Ĵ嶼ɱǾİܶûˡ
ʡ
÷ŲӣҪ̤ţȴֹס˽Ų
ˣȥȰȰɣ
ֻȰˡ
մ岻°
һڹԱվ÷ڣ׷׿Ȱɡ
˼Ƭ̣̾˿뿪
˿̣˾
֮ڡ
˾ΣĵĹԱ֣ľսһ
д˵˾ж̾ߣÿһλץ˾ķˣе̷һ飬ʲô̷ȴû˵Ϊ˾εˣʹûг
մվη֮ڣĹˣﲢûô¡
˾εǽϣûй̾ߣηҲʮǬ࣬Ų˿ζ
̧֣˳η
ʱ䣬ηھֻʣˡ
һһһ汾
մ忴һۣʵ˵Ϸ򱳺ָʹ֤أ
˾ץˣҪ֤ݡ
մЦȻһĴ䣬ϷǼʶˡ
Ŀ˵״ԪһϣɾʹԱɽ
մʣɫ糣
Ŀմ˵ǲɢĵӺԺʦһ·
մЦϷαƹûţϷˣҲҪһԻ鳼ų꣬Ϸ֮ΪģΪԱУ°տǵĿ
΢΢ҡͷ˵㲻˽£ΪЩ겻ֻ̽Ѱ֮𣿡
մҪΪǸˣ̰ȨλĻʵۣˣҲˣҪµĻʵؼµ˼룬Ȼ࡭
ûô򵥣ܴλڲܡ
մѾȥκλĿһۣϷھͽﵽôģ
ҡͷ߲ˡ
մЦϷߣס
徳Ĵ壬ˡ֮˾Щ˵Ķ֣ߣ˾ûס
Ҳ˾ĵ
˵仰ֱηſȥ
·ߵʱĽŲһ٣ȻϷȻұƹû빶Ϸ֮ǰܳλ鳼ΪҵӱҲһ¡
δ䣬ֹЮźȻ֮ؿȥ
һؿڣȻӿ壬Ȼѡ
մԤģ౻Ȼ֮飬̩ɽվ˿ɫûг֡
ݵһ˲֮մֻһӰٴؿڡ
һΣ̧֣ɵס
մ󴦣һ𾪡
ܿģһ˿𾪾תΪţãȻͻбò̧ͷͷ촽૵㣬㡭
ɿ֡
մ𽥻ָƽƽ֮£ѹֲסļһ˿⣬ʵ㣬ʲô
ûлشմѶ˶ʵҪʲô
Ҫ
մá
ϵĿڣûһ˿ԥ
˾
ڴ
䣡
һƵεĴźȻ
Ժڵ˾ǿһ𣬿Ŵ߳ߣ˲佫Χס
Ƭ̺ؿڣ߳˲ǵѪ˿Ϲκ͢߸ģϮ͢٣ǿ˾Σɱ
մЦ֮λ޴ǣһϰɣϷ򿴿˾Ľ
˻֣˾ǿһӵϡ
մ˫֣һεĻ֡
ȻѾúȻ֮Ȼ֮ս֮УڳΪҰʥ۳֮ǰԾԷΪ
˾ǿߵı֮ϣ
⻤ȻǿȴҲֵôǿߵĽÿһֽϡһЩ
ƺ֪ԼŲ˶ãմڵӿ֮ŭıУ
£տһۣһͷײԺڵһ׳ʯ
Ҫ
һӰʣһ
˾ԺеʯųһѪɫĻ䣬մʬ׹䡣
౧ʬ壬ĿѣȻתͷ촽ȴʲô˵
һӰߣȻƽеȭͷȻա
ҴææĴܽԺеһĻ̾˿Щʹסɫ԰ףǻѪ˿ӿʱɫһ䣬ǰеˣ
һԲմʬ壬Ӱƾնʧ˾Ժڡ
ɿеȭͷһת뿪
̾˿˵飬㲻ò͵İǴ壬ָˡôȥ̫ҽ
ʹ
ĳ
ĻڱĿһӰ߽˵£մ˾ˣҪ˾ǿΧղУԾ
Ļ۾Ծ
ϻ¹ٵһͷײʯϣʬѾߣͻռˣûմ壬ſھЩˣҲɢ
Ļʳ˿˵ԾҲǱԾģĪǣ޶ˣ
˾
Ժڽڵϣһȣİҩ
ԶվȾѪʯ֮ǰǶѪǻټġ


376 
մˡ
˾
˾棬ϹκɿԺѧԼֳ컩䣬ͼ߸ġ
Һǵı˾ʶƣı¶֮߳ŭ˴˾ӳ˾ǿߵΧ֮£Ծ
յ֪һϢ޲Ȼ
ѹĴ壿
ǱѹմҲѹ
浱˶ɵ
һ֮δֻñ֮У
մ󣬹ǰԺʦȺףɢ
󣬱һʥּԺѧɱεķϣ˴β׷ǵ𣬶μӴ˴οʷǣȻûбץΣҲְá
մһҰ⣬ް
մ嶼ɱοˣ
һ£ճжڴٱκϣ
ʼգǸıļ鳼
購֮Զ
ʹĳ
ĻʿŹǰһӰдϣڹйѹԾ
԰׵ֱֱͦĻʣ˵ʷپʵֱ飬ϣȰڹݣ¸ĵʷ飬ĵ³ļ𣿡
Ļôд
ǬĶ±ʣдԼд
ĻɭȻ㲻ɱ㣿
߱۾˵ҪΨѡ
Ļʴһӣ߱һ⣬һ̣ڴһԼϱǣ㲻дед
ߴӵ½ϵĳ̾˿֮ͷҲصȥ
ʱһӰ߽
ĻʱʵΣ
Ӱһ˵ް
Ļתļ˵ҪޱЩˡ
ƽΪǣǳ֮¡
Ļʵû뵽Ͼ㶯֣ҽΪ壬Ҫڿҩģȡ
΢΢ȭл¡
Ļ⣬Щź˵ˣЩϧҲΪ˴ĵĻҵΪʲôҪء
ɫȻڵĲϧ˭ƻơ
Ļʱߵ⣬ķ΢΢۾˵ڰϣǲҪޣ飬޻ġ½֮ϣֻһģֻһģ

ո
մʬ֮ڡ
ڿ֮ǰմΪԼ׼˹ײģոúá
ƺԤ˵ԼĽ֣Ҳ׼
⣬վ˳Ժ
ո֮ĽֵϣҲеİա
ҶվڹľԣľȻն
Ȱմ塣
ҲȰ
Ϊ࣬δܹ˵
Źľմ壬ĿȻ΢΢һ
մȰʧܣ߽ӣѡ־ײȴǣһ˿޵Цݡ
һ˿ЦݺܵǶֲˡ
Уֳһ˿ŨŨɻ
Цʲô

ͷ
գ¶ݡ
նеĳգڴİ˵Ǳ˵һ졣
ûд屻ı
º˾һӵȺӡ
һ·ǰմ֮бӿһŭҪһŨ̵뵽һ飬̵ȥ
ŵˣźúõԹүһ֮£֮ϵĵλȻصģΪ˶ٺ¡
ܸƶգܳԵ𷹣𲡣ÿǮԣҲ±ȨƵѹȫСŬĽ
ĺӸոû£ûڼ޶ҲûڳǲΣʷݣ뿪Ѳطɱ̰Ϊƽԩ
һ̵ȥǸС˵ӡ
һգյʮìܡ
һ棬ΪŰԩɱ壬ֱ񹲷ߡ
һ棬ССΪңѲط¼һһĴЩ̰ãѹյĺڶ𣬰޲ֳƿ졣
óһʱ֪ʲô̬ҡ
ĳء
ŵ֪һУĳص֮ڣǰһƱ
صةԼξվĶ棬һЦĿڡ
ˣТġ
Ļ¹ȥ
˸̧֣һ
˷ģ飬Բ֪
ᣬˣҲǵһ̰
¹ٱ֤Ժһù٣

Ѳʷŵصʱ򣬳صλپ֪һٶ㲻ȥŵ߹أһ·νʬɽѪ
ĹԱְͣ˸㣬ְӦôϯףְҲһвٹԱְĻᶼûУзͷء
ŵϵĽ֮пǼҵͦ񰡡ץǣֹЩӣеǮҵģ
һ飬λˣθô
ŵδ飬ʵȷԺһù٣
ԣ̵ͷ
¹ٱ֤
ԣ
˸һᣡ
ŵߵߣʵǰ˵𣿡
Ƴһָָۣ˵Ժ󻹻̰кգǻоȡ
Ƭ̺ŵ߳÷
λԱ̰۵⣬̰޴ɷְһߣףҪдͽ̣ةһЩְֻҪϾ޶ķȥ֮֡
ڳξ̰٣ȷлڹ֮ģʱְةץҲҪһ¡
һʼλǰͬУֻΪ˱Լİȫ
ŵʶá
ͱ˵ıָ֤һ㣬֪˭ģ˭Ǽ⡣
һ·ŵзն˲ٸն֮ˣҲйԱɱЩԱֻСֻ̰߸ЩС⣬ֻҪǻᣬպܺúΪġ
ϿɷԴǣõطĸң͢ʱҲôȱλ
ŵҲͼҵһЩ˸а
һһһ汾
ҶЩ͢ԱʲôӰ죬Ҳұ⣬ŵԼΪ
ûΪֻ̣ǲ֮࣬ҵӰ췶Χ֮ڣȴЩ͢ʽԱ
ҲУݺҾ͸˵ˡ
ŵҲҵȼҺͬÿʹΪҲаУֻƷ
ȵҵ鷻½Ϊӭǵʱ
ЩӣҺҵǵķɿ죬Ԫջ޴ÿһ죬һ꣬ԽԽ࣬еҪ뾳ҡ
ֻеңܽתƸˡ
㹻ʱ䣬еҵͲÿζöһһ
ŵĿЩʧ
ŵߣʵǰ
عƿߣѧ
ŵ˵ͷ
ԼΪУϷܴ㣬ֻҪӦԺϷˣܰϷչ㵹Ҳ޷
ŵŵǰģֻҪһ죬ܻȫ

պŵ뿪ء
ֻһСأ֮Ƹ·Ҳ죬ǿ˳صд䡣
ǷûеߣΪʡȥ˲鰸󰸵ʱ䣬˵죬ʮ죬¶ӳ߳ȥ
أǧ
Ҫһһһ飬ʮ궼
ʮ䣬߹ĵطһµ̰֣ɻܵµѹ
·Զ⣬Ψ¶
ΪҪ̸ŵδŸ·
ӸңԼóķ棬˼£Щ̰壬ͬʮԡ
ҵľͿԼԦ֮ƣǧﲻڻ¡
ҵֻ˫·
ڹٵ֮ϣŵ˵ԼҲ˲鼮ôȵϵĴڡ
ҵУңٶȲ
ССͣϾҪľˡ
ҲԵȱ㣬еǵҲֻͨ൱Ȳϳٵͨˡ
һӶڿǿĴۡ
ǰʮ꣬곤ˣͶһٶĵȣӶ㲻ϡ
Դˣŵǲô⣬ԣֻǿɼ֡
֣˵Ⱥ˵һ˵ҵľɣϵһңǧǰй˹ռ
ԼΪУҼ壬Ǹգ綫Ϲţڤ
ÿһҼ壬Ի͹û䣬ѧ˶ҵҶһˣպżҵˣҪ


մδʲôķơ
󣬲μӿʷְԺѧӣҲܵ˾棬ٸɿۣ£ᱻȡμӿƾٵʸ
һʱ֮䣬Ժ
˺ʮʮ꣬ʱ䣬ԼǮΪ˿ƾ١
ٿƾٵ֮꣬˭ԸΪ仰ôŬ
մĵһ죬ǻ˽ۡ
մĵڶ죬۵ˡ
մ죬ĴգԺ󣬳һлָ糣
λǲλʵرġ
ֻҪӹһһãǸں˭ʵۡ
˵ڳƬϣµʵ޵Ľӽ߾Ըλ˭ܹ
ʡ
ʡλԱ˿ĳŵ÷н̾˿
մɥ£ġ
Դմûš
մֿѣ꣬Ҷմ岢Ϊܣʮ˶ĳΪ˴壬˭Ҳûϵմ徹Ȼ䵽Ľ֡
մ󣬱¾ʷ٣ԼŻ¹Ϊµʷ١
մΪ˹Ҷʷ֮ϣȴһѹ
ֿѱݶģĵӡ
κ˵شĴ
ʡ
÷ڣǰŵߡӣһ϶
ıƽ۾ʱòתһ¡
Ѿ˼һϡ
ȥļգʱ޿̲˼
ԭΪֻҪҴ壬һжʵ֡
˲һĿ
վĿеһ˿ãҲ档
Ҵ壬ԶԶġ
ϡͲлʵۣ


377 ֪
ʡ
˫ְϣԽԽ٣ĿԽԽ
һֱҶιƽΪ׷󣬶ιƽµǰᣬҾ
۱µΪ
Ҳգ
һ£׿壬ңʵûбϵ
ڰ֮ΣԶ֮ϡ
ļڴ£˾Ҳң
ڻʹ
½Сû˻ʵۣת糣иԼ˶ɷû˿Ը߸ϣǿԣΪʲôԣ
ǿûлʵۣҲûлʵۡ
һʮ
ûлʵ۵ǰǣκԹûлʵۡ
½ϵйҶлʵۣҪ磬ʵֵĿܡ
ԼҪһѡ
Σ
ʧܣΨѡ
˼벻ᡣ
ֻҪ˵УĻ֣ǹ˰꣬ǧꡪһ죬ܹؽ˳֡
оâţвãͷǰδе
ĳһ̣ڵĺȻ֮Ȼһ˿΢Ĳ
һ˲֮䣬ڵƺʧ
ʧ
һ̣һ糣
ոһ飬֮УԱæµĴһ
ڣеıʣĳ¶һ˿ζЦݡ

ʥʮꡣ
³
شأݳݺɡ
ƾٻһ£ѧùʱ򣬸صĿǣѾǰ˳
ǵĵ˳ջ¥ӣԼַ¥һӦѣֳһƬٵľ
ڳһ˿ƺҲŴĵؼĸգʧӰ١
մ飬Ѿûˡ
Ҳ˻ʱ˼ҲЩСһɻʵմı磬ԺǲǿԲٷ
뷨Ȼ治ȴҲܿƵĳǵԺ֮С
԰
˱߽ŭˣ⣬ϣƾʲôǣ
ﱧ٣ĿͬЩȻ
ڸԣ½ܹʵ˭۸ˣȥ
촽˶Ҳֻ̾˿˵ˡ
ղͰٳţһĻ£٣ǻɸǡ
Եɣǻ˵մΣǵ⡣
ȻĻָܿζѾˡ
մ֮˺ܴԹǲӣȻеһС
ǰŵһʱܻаĴк
·ʲôЩ̷ҲԸǮ
Դմһжˡ
նǵ̬ȣԵת䡣
һƵ˵һȺܲеԼ˼
ϴκòŤת˸׵ķû뵽һ£֮ǰеŬΪӰ
ΪǱµ˼
ҵһУǱ¸ģմһﲻĿľЩ꣬˭Ϊô飡
ôôأ
ȥлǷ߷ƽ˶ţ˵Уʲ
ŷܿ̾˿
ͷˣ˶ͬͼ鳼ģһĸʣһλҲҪƺһס
Ȼ֪ŵиҪҪһ̣ޱȵϣߡ
٣ĿԶĬĬʲôʱ

ǭݡ
ɽ䡣
ʮ죬Ͱλңңš
ŹٸĲ죬ͨʱȴֳĽ֮ɫĳʣڳƣͷĺˮ䡣
ȻǶЩ֣ЩеĲ񵶳ͷҲǳصģҪǶý
һ겶ͷֻҪĹｻˣǻӣٸỹǣ
֮УһڻĺӴ󺰵ҲҪӣҪӣ
ǲͷǹģ˼ҵĵ浽ȥˣǵΪΥ˴ɷȰǲҪ
ǲĻû˵꣬⺺Ӿ;Ų񵶳˳Ǳŭ֮ɫŭҪҵҺƴˣ
һڲˣ׷תӶݡ
Ȼ⺺Ӷ첻ʲôвǺ˳ͻĴͻһӵϡ
֮ǰвԹĿҪȻر˴Ůӣ㱻Ĵҵżһ漰˴İӣǾͲҹˡ
ţǴģѾ𱨰
˼Žᣬÿÿ˴鰸⵽ȫĵֿøûԸ
˵ڣӼٿˣҲû취
βˡ
˵ʷҪһ·֮ϣѾնɱ˲̰ŵĲУ˴Ҫ˽᰸ҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ǺܲЩ죬ĽеĲ񵶶ȴûС
񵶿ǼҪƲСܹȥϵĲ񵶣̧ͷʱһվǰ
˳İװ׾ܺÿǰɱǸһһÿӣǴǸһġ
ղ񵶣ÿİˣʵҲģ
˵˵ͷ˵ǡ
¶ŭ֮ɫ𵶣ŭĿɶһĲӣŭһôҪûˣ
ۣ
Ѫ˲ŽȾ˽µһƬ档
ӵͷʬ嵹أΧһƬܿͱ޴ĻȻ
ɱúã
Щˣ
ͲԶĲ첻ͬӦ֮󣬺󷽵Ĵޱȱŭ
ҵĶ
һһһ汾
ɱ˶ţ
ɱţ𣡡
ǻͷŭ˳
ǰģһͷ׵ݺύϣûа֮ɫȳ޵ĹâһѼ˵ؿڡ
һѪŽһ̣ԴǺӵԴһ
зն鳼ɱ
һԴ
Դ
Դ
ʮԴʱڴϵķŭ֮ɫڱ˿־塣
еĽޱȷÿһĻӶһͷأֳ棬ͷǰ壬̱˷ٺˡ
ţǷ·һεǽ
˷εǽѹȶеĴ񶼱һͷӬһײ
һͷǰŽɫʵĽ뵽ʲôɿܹϥأǭɽͷ£μʷˣ
Ƭ̺ŵЩ߽䡣
Ƕ飬ڿ֮Ҳ̲סͷĳ鶯ŭһȺδ
ŵͬȭͷգãסĵķŭ
һЩŮӣͬһȫı˨Ȧ֮УֽŽԱϣЩѾʧȥֻ㣬һЩմֻɵĶЦ
Ѿ̫ĳ񣬿жԵ޵֪Ҳڱˢ¡
ʱΪµĲ߹ʷˣȳŮʮˣǻĳЩĺԺڳ˶ʬ壬Щ˳˹˿֮⣬ɱԽĹ

ǭɽء
̳ѪɺӣԴһ𣬰ȴһ㶼£ֻÿ⡣
Щӯ֪¶УٸҲκβˡ
ǭɽΧɽչҴ忴͢ҲôӣٸƿؼޣԿٸ¼
İ˵ٸھԵơ
Ǵİձţٸơ
ڣһִ󣬳͢ҪǰգطԱܵʹ
ˣЩŵĵֻá
ֱա
ʷΪǭɽصİ˹ҲΪǭɽýһ׮鷳
ǭɽá
ãѰ֮ˣһٴؾۣͷ޳һƬ
÷֮ڣŵдһ֣±ʡ
ЩŮϵ˲Ѿҽκˡ
ܵĴˣͲҽֶܹˡ
Ȼֻֽж̶̵ļ֣ȴȥЩҵĻ䣬ӭµ
ŵԣ档
ѾǵһμŵʹֶΣÿһοɸо˼顣
֮У˹ϵأҲһҡ
ǺֶȣƺҲ㲻ʲôˡ
߳÷°̲ͣסʵһλ߾ңǲҲܸдϷļ䣬Ϸ޲
ŵ˵ͷ
ӹɵġ
ŵҵĸе߾ңֹܸдļ䣬ܾδѾϡ֮ͻĳһ֮ҲֻǶʵ顣
Ҷԣһ֮뱻
˿૵벻žȻġ
뵽ҵִ˵˼Ƭ̣ʵ˵ûôһֿܣһУʵǱ˱дĹ£
ŵ̧ͷ죬һϴ
˫Ŀһ˫۾֮̽һС
Ƭ̺ŵ۾
ûи𰸣һ֧ʣд˵ΪңҲ񲻵顣
ҡҡͷֲʵʵ뷨׵Ժ
ɻ˼롣
ΪԽߣԽܶ롣
ʵҲƵ˵һԼıľٶ֮УеһʼעҵĴ˵ͬ
õԺ廨
ԴʶǰôŵͲò鰸ˡ
ڿۣ˭˭飬һĿȻ
˴Ĳо֣ŵҪһطҪ̤ţ󱻰ŵһǭɽعԱȻ̧ͷһ޵ģֻҹЩС٣װʲôʷ徳Ĵ嶼ɱˣзӦÿԴбȥװ


378 ؼ

ڴۣ䣬ŤתŤתŤת
֮ǰ˵Ǵļ²˷ԡ
֣йԱŷɥ¶СˣҲֹ䡣
꣬ķתãΪǻع֣֮ɱҹԱʵȻϴЩĶ԰ࡣ
Ȩѹգܹܣܡ
ĿˣǰҲ
ϸ꣬䷨ܹ˳ƶȻ벻СˣȱٴΪǰɨ谭Щ䷨ǲܳɹġ
մķӦû߸ߡ
徳Ĵ壬ԩɱʵǲԭµ顣
µ۵
մȻߣҲܽеڴϡ
˶ĳɱմ壬Ǳµ˼
κڴλãûбѡ
ϸ룬ɱЩҹԱһλȵ˱£
һմһˣʮǰˣˣԲڵĳ
Ϊͨյǣ϶ҪԱǰĿܸ࣬
ࡣ
䲻ңЩԺõǣ԰յø
ۣȻ࣬ҲǰЩӱһľ档
ĳۡ
֮һԱڳԷʱӵĳЩۣüʵЩģ
Ǹ˵ͲʶڽϹʱ˵ģҾǽеһֱã䲻ǻˡ
ǹԱ˵ôͲǻˣЩ˶ʲôʮǰǾܵϿڻΪ˵
˰һۣ˵Ҫǿ״ԪҲ٣ǲܲ˼ңͶ˼ƫɱˣɱɱ
⡭
ǹԱһʱֻͣͷԷ
ȻΪ˵ܲˣ˵ĺܶԡ
ڳΪ٣ҪŪһ顣
ǵȨԴ˭
ȨԴǱ£µĻǲܲġ
»ʷʷ٣Ѿְˣҵģܹ֮Ȩ㳯ҰΪµĿأ
ƾĶۣմ治ܹ
û뵽ƽʱֻ֪򣬾Ȼ֪Ԥϡ
֮󣬸˶Իط
Ϸţ˿
Ȼ֪ΪʲôŴҪŤתķЩ飬Ҳʵġ
ͬһĻڳԱļݡ

¥Žգüŷˣʵڣÿһжͻһ˿¶ķգθɣ
ֱ׳ô޸ˣ˭֪ûڱһû֣ⶼ𣿡
һۣǴɣϣΪΪ˽Ķ˴ƣҲк³
˰˰֣˵Щ˵˰˰ٱ飬Ҷ䶼ˡ
ʹ
鷿ڣĻʿϵһݾڣʳָû档
һ¹վڵڣڵر£ȷȷڲٿسۣǵֶκֻܸץ˼ͨա
ĻʵǵĿʲô
ǻ¹룬Ҳ֪ЩΪ˵ԭʲôֻܵº˵Ĺϵ
ĻĿ΢˵ɣǶ鲻κģǵ֮ǲڳͼ
ǻ¹ٵּ
ĻվߵǰֶĿԶ
Ĺϵò
ʱգûȫ
Ҳ֪ЩɱȨҹԱȻ˽ġ
ⲢҪ
ʲô˼ġ
մҲһ̽
ģǴɡ

԰
ŷ
ܼҴ߽˿԰ڣϻƵλ˽Ҳûг𣿡
ϻƳںΣҡͷûС
ܼ̾˿û˵ʲô
֪λΪʲôԸȥ
ݳҪ⵽ܶ˰ۣٷǿ϶Ҳܲ˰Щ
ҪɱմģǱ£ȴֻҹү
˵Ҳүɱģɱģү
Ҫ˵ʲô̧ͷʱȻһ㶣ϲү
԰ڡ
ͤУںͷ˲廨Բߵӡ
˳Žںߣƽĺ
ԶǧϣһûһµĻš
СһڲݵȥΪۼ⣬һӰԶվſ˫ۣҡҡλεǸȥ
ٶȣǰˡ
ȴ˱졣
ŵס˷ɹİת˼Ȧ֮󣬲ŽСֵ١
¼񣬲֪ն˶ٶٵл˿һŰһֱ٣ҡССӰ˲ƽͰ
õİڿŵĸ첲ʵôôͻˣȥѲ𣿡
ŵ££޼ķ˿˵ҪȥڼѲ֮ǰҪȴȥԹ
Թ
ЬӶûдһʱܹˣŲȻһ٣ɫĪĺ
˺ͷ˲߹˿Щ˺Ͱü䣬һ˿ɫ˶û֮ǰôˡ
ԭŵȻ
һһһ汾
ؼ֮ǰݣڽͷͣһ
մȻЩΪ˵в
ŵǣż˵֣˵ԹһլӣԹסһʱɣÿһЩʦ
˺Ͱԣж΢΢һ
԰˵ȥﶼãһ춼ڳȥˡ
˽⵽֮ŵ˴ȥԹɢĵľ
ʵȥʱһ㡣
ĲھƲⲿҲδ֪ƻŵǻһΪɵ
ÿԽλᣬɺ˵Ļ£ȴһ׮Ը
һ˷ֺСһһŵ뿪԰ʡ
࣬ȴš
ŵ˵Դմȥ֮ûš
뿪ʡ·ĳʱŵƫͷһۡ
һӰô߳
ǰȣಢûʲô仯ϸ΢ָ֮һֲͬĸо
ŵ΢΢ȭȻתȥ
ʱ
ฮϡ
ǰ˿ࡣ
ŵʱѾûЦݵˣڼһ˿΢Цˡ
ŵ컹Ҫ뿪
˶٣մ塭
˰֣˵ԼΪԵˣںˡ
ŵ룬֪մôġ
ĬƬ̣˵ɱץ˾֮ӳ˾Σ˾ǿΧԾ
ԲԸ⣬ŵҲûʡ
࿴ŵʵѲطоΣ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ܻã뾩ԽԶԽң̰鲼ǲҪıЩһһϦ
ͨЩӵļţŵĸ˺ܾá
Ҫ滻ط̰ƾʱͣ
Ϊ㹻ѪҺЩб˽ٳѾĹٳһγ׵ĻѪ
⣬͢ǿڻϵͶ롣
飬ӦǮ˵Ȩֻøܵתĵײ
ŵֻṩ˷л漰ܶϸʡҪϸ۵ˡ
ֹһʱˣŵǡ
ſڣȻҪĸףǸλãɼ
Щӣһֱ˼
ȡ壬Ȼɹ󣬵ֻҪţ޵Ŀܡ
һֱҹе˼
Ļعʮĳã֣ᷢ԰գԹҹģλ࣬һȻ֮ȾѪ࣬Ǹˡ
ʹ֪롣
ĵӡ
ฮ뿪֮ŵ˴¡
һͬʱ
ﱧһѣŵʱ΢΢һ㶣Ȼϲʲôʱģã´һ
£÷ڡ
ŵǳһȲʵô
ŵһСȹ⣬ȻŵⱲӺȵúȵһˡ
һ䲢ŵΥĵĿޣĸܡ
ĺԹգŵԶܺʹȣ˷棬Ѿʶ½֮ˡ
ЦָʢһС룬ЦԺ㻹᳢úȵġ
ŵ˵׼˺ͰȥԹסһʱ䣬˳Թ飬ԹŮʴӦˣԹΪǾٰ񡣡
˵ͷ˵ȥɣæҾͲȥˡ
ŵҲû˵ʲô׺ˣΪ뿪
˵Ļ񣬿Ҳֻĸ˿һͬȥ
һһЩľϣ׼ȥˡ
֮ǰͷ˸һֹۣ
̧֣ļ˵·Сġ
ܵһ͵Ӽ壬ŵ΢΢һȻ̧ͷ


379 ĺүСʱһģһ
¡
һӰ߳
ŵվڴſڣ̧ͷűϴգЩ㱡
ңߵĲĵ·ӣǽȫʵɡ
ĸΪҪʵɣҲһĶޡ
⼸꣬һֱڻرܸ׵⡣
һⳬΧ
糤һЩԣκֻҪ˽Щ飬ͲᵥΪֻһȨ㳯Ұļ鳼
ŵյ·һһ̵ġ
ȻŸףʼȱһĴ𰸡
ǰԻر⡣
ΪԽԽЩ飬Ѿû취ٻرˡ
ǭɽλѾзͷصĹԱ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰վҪԵġ
зնɱ鳼ȴԩɱ̸֮⣬Զ޲ҵ徳
Ժ⽫ڡ
ΪѾ˴𰸡

ٴμʱ˶ɽͼֽ֮С
ſڴͼֽðһԴ̧ͷŵʽͼֽƵһߣϲʲôʱģ
ŵ졣
ʱʿżµͼֽ°ͣ˵ⶫףٿףĿǰֶΣֻɸ߾īǿ߿ƣҿƵʱ̡ܶ
ŵԼǸ߾īң˵ˣǻʡ
ŵڴҲûʲô飬һȥԹԹīҽܱŷһЩµ뷨
ԣûô˼ͷð
īɣóķ棬ڴ˷棬жؼΪƿȥؿ۽Ҳá
죬ŵûʲô飬ֻڼ˰ͺӡ
ǻ֮ǵʱ䲢ࡣ
ν͵Թ֮üѲطҲֻ⼸ܺúǡ
ȵĳһҵΪܺúЪЪˡ
ĻӦǷƾ
е;ΪٶȺܿ죬δزȷ뾳
ҺͷҶô˸ʵۣӦûʲôܹв
ҺͷңӵٶȣλΧ²УҲȫˡ
԰ŵŷ˵֣ʵ㲻ȥԹ
Ļ˵ҾͲȥˣҪˣô죬ô죬ӲŸոտʼｨҪ˿š
ŵ΢΢˵ˡ
ˣǷĪ
ȻŵһĴҪ࣬ŵڼҵʱ򣬼ⶼڸ
ʮָ̧ۣͷ˵Ӧһòã
ŵͷʵʲô
˿۾˵Ժʲô飬㶼Ҫǵãǵϲ㣬Ϊ㣬ҿκ顭
˽ĸԣŵЦʵҪ˵ľ
ŤŤ壬Ӧ
ŵ˵ͷ˵á
ָ˵

Թ
ʹ
鷿ڣ֪⻺һ¡
£Թڴĵʹģÿ£ҪЩʹһߡӻ
֪ص֮ܵ˴ĳ͢ãİ˺ܶ£ǰѲʷ뿪Ϊطԩɱ̰
Щġ
ôһܶˣһŭңʹһЩֶΡ
Ҳ֪ӣѾ˳֪ӵ֡
֮ǰʹᵽĻʵĸɱһλ徳Ĵ壬ҺͷҼޣһǴ壬һףһܡ
̾˿ѾҪ뿪һˣ֪ʱټ
Ǹ֪ʲôȻתͷĳ
һ̣ԭʧ˵⡣
Զĸ߿֮ϣһֻ񻺻䣬˹֮ڡ
λá
һգԹգһֵֻĴ
ʲôôô󣿡
ǲɣǻ񣬵ôôĻ񣬶ֵһ䷿ݴСˣ
ĳûжôģ
ֻˣѵ»ˣ


һֻͣ󷽵Ŀյϣ׵λû򿪣ʴӼʻڲݵϣһҲ붯ˡ
֪ŵΪʲôҪһԹˡ
ֻ޴Ļ񣬱ͺˣҪôˣֻīҵ徳ܿ
Ȼʱûףŵ˵Щѧԭʲôȷʵ棬˵ôصĻأȻܹƣֻܼһСͻľ
ӲǼʻֻ񣬴ӳɵԹһ
˾ǣǧľ룬Ȼֻʱ
ŵ˵⻹ֻؾļޡ
ٶȻԸ죬ܹصҲܸ࣬Ҫīƣһͨˣܲٿ־ں̵ܶʱ֮ڣԾǧľ롣
һ΢죬񸹵λãһȱڡ
һŽݣȱڴ
౧̣һ̤Žݳ
ͷؾ棬жīҵּ֪һЩ
ʱԽǧʦҲīܳΪ֮һȻ֮
˱٣Щ̫ţҿ˿ʵǵԹˣ
ԺĶѾˡ
Ȼڣһֱ˴
ӡ߳ӰҴҸļѾ̹񣬸μ£μݹ
һۡ
⻹ǵһǰƺΪ
ĵԹˡ
һһһ汾
ͦأĿ˰һۣЩѾ˻˻֣˵񡭡
ŵĽ̽Դ
ܼҺͶҵүҲ߳
γ˷˺͸ڳνǾټҳŵܼҶţ༸Ϥˣǲĸġ
һ󲨶֮һӰƾճ֡
֪⣡
¶ϲɫɿ˹ȥ
֪ӵһ΢Ц˺þò
Ŀŵ˵ӭ


ŵָ֪⣬˺ͰܵŮʱ£ǰġ
μ˺ǼǸʱݣԹʹ룬һԺѾƬ½ļ֮һˡ
Ůʱ¡
֪Ů֣˵ض˵ĽþҵĽãԸĻǿԺһԽơ
֪֣ССĵõ˼㡣
֪⿴ǵڹ磬ǽӷϴ
ŵԴ˲ûоܾܿҪصˣǻҪԹһʱ䣬ýᣬŮϤϤ
»ع飬һƬڡ
½ҹڹ磬Ϊ½ӷϴнĹԱյ롣
֮ϡ
ںԹĹԱ̸ۡ
ӵ£ֻؾô£
Ǹǲлؾ񣬽Сɻǳӳɵġ
ɻ˫ȶôأ
ǾͲˣ˫ȶδزܷǲ֪ѧɣʱ򡭡ʲôʲô
˵ˡ
ǰλãһʳڴãߵԹʦص˵ϼһ֪֪˵еңȻʵڵģǽƾһ֧ʣܸı˵
һǰŵһ϶ûš
ʹĵĳôϤԹĹԱĲ졣
һϣһɡ
صԼλã˰Ůʱ̸ͳ׷ˡ
ȵŮʿеʱŵǰ֪⣬ʵһ꣬㻹ðɣ
֪⿴һۣ˵ã޷Ǿǿߡӣĳᣬ߰ң͸ˡ
ŵЦʵ۾ģյƣһ֣֮Ȼǰһɡ
֪⿴˵ǸʱҲ֪ϻλ֮ʲôˡ
ŵеԹֻܵһԹһʱ䡣
֪üҶ˶ʵã
ŵһ°ɡ
֪һ˿ʧŵֲǣԹסܳһʱ䣬һӣҪ鷳չˡ
֪΢΢һ
ļ˶ԹȻõ
˵ͷ˵һչ˺ǵġ
ŵֵˣҺ˵Ļ񡭡
Ų
֪İɣ綼ΪǰźˣʱܾУһǰĺң˫
ֱ֪ۣԴļϣ˵֪⣬ã
ɣһŮҴܹ˵£С˯˾ͿҪ
˿⹬ŮбŵĺӣЦŵ˭ҵĺӣÿɰ
⺢ӿŲһ꣬ǲ󣬷۵ģһ˫۾ʮƯ˿ĵһ۾;У⺢ӵüۣܸһֺϤĸо
֪΢΢һЦ˵ʢֵĺӣҼͽˡ
˴⹬Ůнӹӣҡͷ˵û뵽ʢҲôɰĺӡ
⺢Ҳİ˱ڻֻǵŴ۾
˴ཱུС˵ҴȥɣСӿ϶ϲС档
֪˵ͷ˵ȥɡ
뿪ŵͷһۣһֵĸо
˱⺢ĳʵ˭ҵĺӣ
˵ԹʼҵģҴһ档
౧̣ߵߣĺһۣ⺢ӿź죬ǰ
ִ⺢ӼۣʮȷԼƶǰ⺢ӡ
ǿ϶Ǻܾúܾǰˡ
ڣںܾúܾǰƺһӤ
ʱܼҴ߹˻ﱧŵӤŲ͵һ٣˭СôĺүСʱһģһ


380 
ûƳܼһۣ˵ʲôԹʼҵĺӣôܺһģһۻ軨˰ɣ
ܼҡҡͷƶ˵үҿųģ곤ʲôҶū˭Ҳῴүģ㿴ӣ۾ү
Ůԣϸ⺢Ȼüۼ䣬һ˿Ϥĸо
񡭡е񰡣
˿ҲϤĸоˡ
ܼ˵û⺢ӣŵСʱ򳤵üֱһģһ
Ŀһʱˡ
ѵŵԹ͵͵ģ
⺢ӿ̲Ҳ˵ĸ׻еʱ䣬Ҳͼ˲࣬ĪǣǸʱͺ˽ˣ
ܰǴ֮
˵ԹͱŮģʱԲϡ
⺢ӵ㣬ŵǸʱڳ
ڳ͵͵ͱºӣ͵ԹԹŮʸⶼ˵ͨ
Ҫǣǻ͵͵ˡ
ѵֻǳ
ϣɺϵ飿
̺ü۶ͼ˸ûɱ˵ĺӣ˵춼ûĵ
ˡ
ֹ˶ҡ
ܼʶʲôһ˲֮´Ǻӣ죬ҡͷۻ軨ˣڿСһүƺҲûô񡭡
ԹīҹԱǰ˷ͷе֣֣ŲĿⲻһƲȻ˭Сôŵô񡭡
ĳ
ŵںŮң˺Ȼ߹ʵ֪⣬⺢ӽʲôְ
֪Ŀ΢˵ԳϣԺһ䣬˼֮ˣҪ
˽Գŵ˴գʵι㿴⺢㣿
ŵһۣû㿪ʲôЦ˵ĺô񡭡
ŵδ˵꣬Ȼһ͡
˵Сһüۼ䣬ĺЩơ
Ҳƶѡ
һĺӣûȫǷǳԵ磬ܿĳ˭񣬲Ǵɱ۾ѡ
֮˻ص
ո߽䣬˾ͽŹϣ˫ۻؿ˵Ŀ֮УҲӺͻɡ
ŵ˿ǣʵ
˺ɵĿʵԳô£
ŵɻˣʵʲôô£
˵ܼҺ˵ˣСʱ򳤵һģһҪôͣ
ҽʲô
ŵɻһ䣬ʶʲôȻǰɣǻҵĺ𣬿ʲôЦ̲Ͳܺðɡ
飬ûʲôûɵġ
ԳһͣҲ˵ĸףͼ밲ͬʱеģǻỹڳѵһҹ֮˲ƵԹʢñӣ
һ㣬ŮҲͲͨ
ɻѵôɺϣ
ŵû뵽ҲǹҪĿƼӼ֤Լס
īһûչ̶ֳȣҽȻ辶߳һһĵ·飬ҲΪ
֮£ŵֻ붫ǰ֤ס
ڶһ磬ţ㱻ŵס
ŵʲô
ŵǰͱˣ˵ܲɡ
ҡҡͷ˵㣬㲻ˡ
ŵȻΪʲô
͵Ϊ̫ˣҵֶΣڸ߾ûãʥˣû顭
ŵۣ¶ζ֮ɫСӣ飬Լĺм֪
ŵԼӰбκǷҪɣŵýͣ˻֣˵ȥæɡ
Ȼûֱ֤ף˻ûϾᡣ
Ͼ˵̫վסţôɣͲ˻ʱ⣬ԩȻᱻϴ塣
뿪ʦ
ɹ̫Ŀߣϸֳһ˿ɫʵϴ˼㣬ôֱģǲˣ
Թʦ۾ûش⣬ʵ㻹ǵù𣿡
˵ͷ˵Ȼ֮ǰǿһʱֻǽЩ꣬ûôǵϢˣҲ֪лڲڡ
Ҹ壬ԼĶʢ۷塣
ҵ۷壬ǰԴӼͻʥ֮֮󣬼һһһֻһˡ
ԹʦЩһһλˣԹֻе徳Ϊһɡ
ʵʲô
Թʦ˿˵Ѿʥˡ
󾪵ʲô½е߾ʥˣ
ԹʦѾˣ֮ǰһЩ飬ҿ

Թ
ͷ۷׷ס
˵ջˡ
ֻ񣬾Ȼڲͬ
˵С£᲻ĺӣ
˵ʢ𣿡
͢ĻҲȫţʢĺӣŮʱ»ô𣬻ΪӣҿпܣǱºĺӡ
ŵ챾ǹֵģһ·֮ϣ׵ҥԡ
˵ʲôԳŮʱģԼ֪顣
ʱ㣬ڳʱ򣬾ͺŮʷ˹ϵ
Ǹʱ˼һǻƻŮҲۿģŵ֤˺ͰǸţ˸֤Թʱһֱװ׵ġ
ѿ͸ΪŮʵҲ׵ԡ
¡
ǧǧǧǧ꣡
һһһ汾
ڳͬԹĽͷǶһϵЦݡ
˺Ͱ飬Աڳʱöˡ
ǻһȻȷľ
ԹľƣȴİĶ࣬ŮչǣŵԷĵԼ顣
صʱŵŮҲ
ڲݵϻλƵ·ԳȥȻԳֻʮ첻ȫµĺӡ
̺ǣѾе̣ҲܲΡΡ·ԳֻҲôˡ
Գķٶȣŷϳ
̺Լ٣ŵʱõ徳ҽϴģʱѰӺ̫ˡ
֪ȻҲ飬ӣŵ࣬ΪʲôԳ̵Ĳ֮󡭡
ŵԵɣ֪룬˵ܲҲԳǶˣֻû취һ桭
ȻˣŵȻûܾ
ŵ߹ȥڵԳСһŵĻҲܣգŴ۾
ŵǰС˵ָо
ĵһۣʲô
һ⺢Ӻ趨ԽԽ񡭡
Ҳѹְͼ˻ỳɡ
֪⿴ŵԳ涺ӣǲɵĸֳһ˿Цݡ
ȡһɫߡӣ˵񲿺ΪѡĴӣǴѡһɡ
ѡļգʮࡣ
ģʮܾС
ԶһЩģһººٻе׵ġ
ŵȻԽԽá
һΣȴвͬ
˵֣ʮȻҲǼգֻ¼ӣЩϼЩǴ󼪣Ҳϴ󼪵ġ
ϴȻãȴڰ˸ºס
ŵͼ˳ɻ飬֮Ҳϼѡ
ȴ϶һ졣
ȰϼҲˡ
˿̬࣬ȼ˵ôҶȹˣ⼸£һֻһףһѾˣһΣһҪõģ
촽˶ʲôû˵
ϣȷʵ̫ίòײвȵĻᣬ뷨ɡ
ŵȻҲûʲô顣
ڳ֮ǰ϶һֱԹ
֪ŵнӹߡӣȦӣȷҪô𣿡
ŵЦЦ˵ǾóʱڳĺĺȻϲˡ
֪пһ˵ζ˿ð
Թ
գ˰ŮʱӵݣİҲݹĻ¡
Ůʱ¶λյү͹νǼ谮˻ƣԶԶͨ͹ڻʵ֮¡
ĳ̶ֳ˵䣬ҲȲⳡ
Ϊ˱ʾأʱûż죬Ůʻȥ˸ڰĶ֮µũһ긳˰ϵľٹͬ죬ǻʵ۴飬Ҳδػ˰
һ񣬱ؽٰǡ
ԹİΪĻع飬ٲ෹̸ʱ
ģ
ʥʮĿƾ٣ոշŰ
ڵĵƾ٣ҲǴ¼ȡʿĿƾ١
һƾٵ¼ȡˡ
ˣֻǰһλᱻίιְ֮İҲż
ǵΪѲʷ߹ݣΪ͢ճλֻҪɱЩ̰٣϶ܲȱ
Ŀƾ٣һ˾
˽¼ȡʿİپʮλǲμӹŵƾٸѧӡ
˵Щ˶Ǿһɸѡģ£Ҳֲֿܳı
˼佲ʦУζţһĽʿλδԱýһǺӴһ
ʹ
ļĹУһӰ߽˵£鵽һЩЩˣп硭


381 
Թ

ŵ԰֪ڵŮ˻֣һֻ񡯳𣬺ܿʧƶˡ
ܴ½ϵĵһܷɻͬʱӵֱͿͻŵ㣬Դֱ𽵣ӵмٶȣǧֻʵһȾ
Թ⼸죬ŮʽһжΪǰŵ㵽
Ϊ˼ͻʦԳ͢壬ٿִᣬԹɵʦǰΪд轻ʵ
˰һƣʱԹ̲ʹ²鰸
Ůʱ¿ǵܵŵҲԷĳȥˡ
Ȼûһĳ̶ֳ˵Ůȡλá
˺ǿͬ˯һŴĹϵ˺ͰȻûжԷô׽ŵţãֻʱ⡣
ŵ֮ŮһԺ
ｨһ޴԰ŮĸСһ滬ݡ
˿ؼؼԼԳһĸСһ棬ŵģȻûѪԵϵԳ
ڻ̫СˣûгٳЩͲˡ

ĳݡ
֮ڣԱڽ̸
ʡ͸¶Ϣ͢ԺҪȡԱ˰ȨҪͨһ˰ˡ
ԽԽѵˣԴڲϲȣ͢ڲǵȨ
ʮʮ꺮ΪĹ٣δЩֵ̫ˡ
˵ŵֿʼѲطˣݴӸõãʮ֮ߵĹԱˣ֪᲻Ѳ鵽ǻݡ
ݾôԶӦòôɣ
û׼ݾ볣ҲѲ곣֮󣬵ڶͳݣݵعԱ˸ֲʲôûü׼˲ôҡ
ǵǰ׼׼ʲôЩ񣬸þľ棬ôĴʱҡ
ʱһ۴ҴҵܽǣѲʷŵˣλȥǰûϣ
ԣɫȻһס
ô죡

պŵ뿪ݡ
Դ֣˳һһݵѲ飬ЩݵĹԱǰ׼ֻȥ֮ǰҸ뿪أץˣŵͲ·Ѳˡ
Ѳһ֮һȥٽݣѡǧ֮һݡ
ΪĲ֮ƵļԦҲԽԽǧ룬Ҳò˼ʱ
ٵ֮ϣһŴĵͼ֮С
ŵָʳָһöڣ۾ֽڶڴеλãһѲĵط
ŵ۾ǰȡ·ڣ֮¡
۵Ĵ֡ݡ
İݣڵͼ֮ϣЩݵǼӴҼӴֵġ
ЩսԻ򾭼Ҫأ糤缸ݡ
ݼǾҪأǾݣһвΪݱΪµĽء
ϣع鲢ݹϽݴʷȨȴԶֹݣݸݣܽؼӰ죬ֻΪҵ֮ء
ŵһۣʵҪҪһϷƴҲֻǣһλҿλʥ
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵û¡
ǣһλŵԼҲǣһλ
޷Ҫѣǰŵ±եǬҲΪڵȣ⼸µĻۣһüˡ
ҺУҪܳ˲ҹܣɱ˲ɱ
ѶԽߣջԽ
һεƶ䣬˵Ľ£նӰܿʧ
ݡ
֮Уȵ֮һ۳͢θӰ첻˲ݡ
͢ƹԱ˰أݹԱڴУ͢ҩĵļ۸ϸƣݸҩҩļ۸񷴶Щ͢ոȫΧеÿ¶ӵı꣬ĳЩĵ̣Ҳûء
ѲʷѲ鲻ݡ
⣬˭Ҳû뵽Ѳʷŵ˻ݵطٳ֮󣬲һգ͵˲ݸá
ݸõĹԱĽӴŵҲһĴŴţǰԩǰİ޼漰ĶһЩ΢С
ŵ˸ôΣηڹѺÿһλ˶оݣʵľڿɲ顣
ӱϿŵѲĸУΰõһݡ
ؼ°٣׶ٵöࡣ
ŵϸ˲ݵĸ־ڣ۴Ӹʽ̣Щڶ޿ޣҲٵġ
ŵԽԽ⡣
Ƕǰ㵽Ƕʲôù٣ûʵԵ֤ݣҲû취ñô
ڲݵĽֵϣŵûзʲôֵĵط
ĽֵǬһжȻ򣬴ӰֳòҲΰĵط
һׯǰжŵǰѯһƵλС磬һ£ÿöٹǮ
ǻһ֮˵ӡ
ƺŵʣ˵꣬͵ͷһƥ߽˵̡
ʵÿµĹǮֻһÿƹĻᷢӣȻȥһ𣬾ҪĹǮǶӡ
˵ڳˣÿµĹǮܵڶӣȻͻطƹģŴβģƹĻҪ״Ρ
ȻҲҪÿ¶ӵĹǮƹıץˣÿһûˣʱһҶö
˵ѡ
ŵҲ֪˵ѣ˲٣Ҳûȥ顣
ҪǣﲻǳܴӸϽ⣬һ̣һƹûģóȻ֣ܻẦЩײա
ŵһ·ֳиҩ̶ˡ
ҩſڣΧ˵ץҩĲˡ
úõģҩΪʲôˣ
˵ʷˣ±飬Ҫʷ˲ŻῪš
ʷʲôʱ߰һץҩأ
ʷڳţúõģܵǲݸʲô
˵ҩ̵ҩļ۸һɣòҩ̸߼ҩǲʷ
ٵİɣһǵöˣô˵ҩʲôʲô

ڲݳߣŵĸоǣٲȻǶڳ֮һ͢
͢䷨䲻˵ء
ϵٸµ䣬һεβٿء

·ĳǽʱŵĽŲ΢΢һ١
ǽ֮ڣһȺͯʶ
ߣģߣȳ⡭
һһһ汾
֮ߣ֣֮ߣǡ
֮Ƕǣֶ֮֡
ƶƣ䲻
¡
Ϊۣ˵Ͳ󣬶Щŵڸϣֻڸѧѧ֮ʱ̸Щѧӵġ
ŵʱ򣬽ЩҲд˽ȥ鷻û뵽ǣЩ¼ôʹ˲ݡ
ŵǣǽ֮ڣܵһ޵ĺȻ֮
⴦լһλҵӡ
ϢжϣԷеڶΪ
ŵǬڶĲ̯ϣһ裬Ʒ
ԼĪӣλŻһǸ˼ҵĺͯǴլԺ߳ͷһӰ˹ټ
һλ˿ǣҪɽյĹΡ
ǣ
ͯӦһ֮󣬾ɢܿһܣһһ깦ΣȥŷݻץС
ŵǵվǰӰϸֳһ˿ɫ૵
լԺſڣҪתȥȻУ̧ͷֱĳ
Ӱ΢΢һòŻعȻת߽ԺӣԺš
ŵ²豭ǲĻͷһۡ
ʮԶǽϵ·ˣŵͷջߣװ
˵ˣ
ԣһܵܡ
ϵ׳
˭˵ء

ţ˺ȻͬʱĪķ˻ȵعʱ򣬲ŷֲ̯ԵǵӰѾˡ
أ
֪
ң
˴ҴǰѰҶȥʱ̯լԺ֮ڣӸոյ裬һӰ߽
ŵǰˣڵˣ
ǰ֮ˣȻǰ졣
ŵ粻ãڳò鰸ʱ֮ΪһŮӣдͽ̡
֮ʹȥ˿֮λټҰ볤
ŵΪΣûٵ٣ʶʱӦ¸׷飬ѡٱ
ŵӡΪ͸ͬһĽʿǵĿƾٵ
ǸʱĿƾ٣ھöࡣ
һƾ٣Ⱥҫ״Ԫĸףǰָ֮ûǣκһƾϣкܴĿܸ״Ԫ
ʿһԼĹǾԵǡ
ƾǰ壬еǡ
Ȼˣڱ˵ĹУҲǶ㲻ϡ
ŬյĽ֣ȴֻΪηĳ˶ǹ٣η֮ˣʼգûжԸ뷨
ֻŵû뵽ǣ쵱֮ʱûȻ֮ǹٲ꣬ȴҵڶ
ܴǧѧɱģȻǷ֮
쿴ŵ΢΢ҡͷ˵ĳûйֻһô֮ơ
ŵֵ֮͢ʱ⣬ʱس͢
쵱ǹٵģǱְ͢Ҫ볯ãҲƾ٣ֻҪŵһߡӼɡ
ػسã֮ǰĹְߡ
ȻҵڶΪֵŵô
֮䣬軳ɡ
Ȼ֮ڼϡ
죬ƴҪڹٳϸһȴá
ĶֿɵãȴѷԸ
ŵ룬ֻ΢΢һЦ˵л˵ĺ⣬ֻĳ־Ѳڹٳˣֺγһ£ĵδҵȣЩӡ
ô˵ŵҲûȰˡ
ӵҵڶΪԭ
ŵʵôڲݣ
Ҷݣϰգǹֱ֮ٻأԺ֮̾С
Ȼ֮ȷʵˣ಻ŵĸоȫˡ
ŵûдһ֮󣬱ȸˣҵ˺ܶ࣬ٶһ鷳
첢δֻǴȡһᣬݸŵ
ŵֽӹһۣʵǡ
꣬ݹԱӵУĳм¼Щӣǲ鲻ģΪ漰ǵİӣᱻе֪ߣÿҲᱻڣ鴦мΣΪء


382 Ա֮ʩ
ݡ
֮ڡ
ŵһҳһҳϵĲӡ
Ȿϣϸļ˲ݸస漰ԼõĹԱһЩԹЩӣŵδõİ빿п
طٸ빿Ȼǲ鲻ġ
ڳĸţֻҪո״ͱȻм¼
ڲݣƺ
УһƪдĹڲݵĵ鱨档
дݵΰǺùĴ󲿷ֵصģڳΪǽҵΧǲˡ
ǳĸ˼ңȨ󣬵˲ݣҲʵʵģɷҪý
ݸŵĹԱǱңǱ򣬱أ͢Աÿͷߵɫ£ڲݣҾĵͷߡ
ʹûΰãڱĵطĴԵڲݼٳ֡
Һ͵طٸԵģó֣͢Ҳɽ
ò˵ҳưҳưԵĺôһҶԣܺùһҾ֣ݵ֮ܳҵãҲǲɺӵġ
ȻҲȻǺ¡
Ϊݶҵƿ֮£֮ˣԼһϵĹԱҹϵܹܵеĹɷ֮ϡ
ЩٶҶǣȳĴĻ廹Ҫš
Ȩǻг͢ƣЩڲݣ졣
ʱŵ߳ݡ
һլʱԶĽֱߣ̱ɫ
ã
ôȥǼˣ
ģ˭ģ
ﶢţȥ棡
ŵ⴦լԺĴţƬ̺ԺŴ򿪣һλϸ̽ͷվſڵİˣʵ˭
ŵ΢Ц˵˼ң·Ҫһˮȣ֪ɲԣ
ϸ˿˿ŵֿ˿һˣƺǻˣ΢΢ͷ˵ɡ
ʱϷ򸾶ˮԺеϣʵˣ˵㲻ǲϰɣ
ŵǴӳġ
ϸԣһ˵ãð˵λˣרɱ̰֪ʲôʱݡ
û뵽ϷҲ˵ŵʵ˼˵ģѲʷŵ
ϸҡҡͷ˵ǲŵҼǵãǽʲôġ
ŵһ˵˼˵λʲôĴˣʵҵǳ͢ѲʷݣΪԩģ˼ңǿʲôԩҪꣿ
һϸ˷򸾿Ŀ⣬̾
վ˼ϸ˵Ƕ˵ˣǵģǻŹǣǻţΪʲôŹأ
˵ɫܾ裬ŵ̾һ˵˼ңңǴӳѲʷΪɱ̰ġ
̺һصλ֮𽥷еķ
ǵģ
ǧȷ
ŵݺ֮λ𽥿ڡ
ԩҪ꣬Ϊ
ǴʷӣΪҵַҪǿҼҵĵ̣ҶԸ˼ݳҶײ
ȥãòǻвǣǰ˵ȥȻҲˡ
ǰ죬˾ǣǳţ˵κ𣬶˵飬ȥŸ״ǻ涢ǡ

Ϸ򸾵ˣŵղʱ򿴵ˡ
֣ǲݵΰٺãҲûȥԩû뵽Ϊ֮ǰЩѾǰ׼
ǲϵܺߣҲܵͬļӺ;档
ʱ
á
ݴʷ˵ŵȥǶϸ˵ļУüҲδ¶֮ɫδСƹλ״ԪҲ׼
Ƭ̺һ߽˵½ˣʷǰõ
ݴʷһ¹ٷ߽ǰã¶Цݣ˵֪ʷкηԸ
ŵ˿ڲ裬˵ڽͷɢ˵½ʷĶӣڲݿһַ
ݴʷ¶ãȻ֮ɫֻ˵ֹ͢Ա¥ķѵַҲɣǳ͢Ȯӹ
ŵҡͷ⵹ǣַȻģֻ˵ַ֮ʱ漰һ׮ӣַڵ̵˲Ը̣˵ײ֪д£
½ʷ˵ͷ˵ȷд£Ǽӷ֮󣬱ٻѲȫǣžͷݳ֮¡
ŵô˵ӣ½ʷĶйأ֪ںδҪһЩ⡣
½ʷ˵ͷϵ˵죬ʰӦõģȮǰճ棬δ飬Ҳ֪ȥһһʱ֪ͨ˵ġ
Ŀŵ뿪½ʷĿ
ŵŵѾ˷ȴȻû
׼ǰߡ
ܴǸط½޴ôþôãԼ޶
뿪֮ŵ򶫷
ָһ㣬˵ҡ
ڽļգŵṩһһݷЩܺߡ
һ⣬ǵסΧ˼ӣеܺ߼⵽в
һЩŵݺӰǣҲİڲᣬɼǵļ־壬û֤㲻ͨķ;Ʋס
вԸ֤ŵҲûץһˡ
йԱǷ͵ңŵҪ봦ǣǰȥҪˡ
ء
վҴ֮ǰʱŵһֵ˻صվڻʹǰĴ
ŵֻǰվһСһλܼģ߳ƵЦʷˣ롭
֮ڣɣȻȲϻʹҲѰƻֺ룬ԺǶԺ䣬ǶﲻϤкܴ·Ŀܡ
ŵ˱һ֮ڣܿƯѾ߷衣
豭ᣬûƷ̲ס˵ò裡
ŵҲУŵһζ
ҶͨĲҶˮҲͨˮ
ŵУᵽŨŨũϢũĲҶŵҲζǲܺҵȣ˵ҶũǿߣΪЩ˾ũµĹԱ֮ϡ
ҶŮһˡ
ȷе˵Ǹˡ
վŵͶѾߣֻؿܣܵĹպܺãΩΩФѰ˲ϸķֱ治
ŵ˿ڲ裬㣬·꣬ڵȷǺò衣
ܵ״Ԫ佱֮һӰ滺߽ЦҶǵ徳ũҾ֮ˮɽȪۣΨй͵ţŻó͡
ߵλ֮£ŵ˹֣˵ʡ֪˼٣ʧԶӭ
ǰˣʦΪ
Ա֪ҵȻĴ壬ϵһ֮ǱƳӣҵĵλҲǲ͵ġ
Ҽŵ̬ȺܿȫʲôԹӡ
ʵĶӣŵĸ׿ԴֵܣһλţҲڸϣڳ͢ı֣Ǳһҹصʮǰ
˴ܸŵôõĲ裬Ц˵ѹܵҵļ
ֲЦˣŵҲܿ˵ˣʵٽΪ˲鰸
¶ɻ֮ɫִż֣ص˵Ŷʲôӣ
ŵӵİӣ򵥵ĺһ顣
ԣһţ¶ŭɫȺʣȻôΪǲ˼ҹ̲ܽϣסǣһҪãøҵӣ
Ҽһ˵޿ޡ
Ҵ壬ŵܽѲһ飬ֻҪԸ⣬ҲѲ
һ꣬ŵǡ
ҼҪһũĺò裬ŵл
Ŀ˵ӰԶȥϵЦʧ
ɱ֮ɱ֮𣬲죬޲ýĶʬΣǳ͢ʷĶӣҵΧڳ£Ʒ˭á
ϾҸոӵܿ˽ʿҲΪ롭
˭
һȻת̹ڣ
Ų˾Ǵ֮ӣΪ˲鰸Щʶ»£ץ֤ݡ
߳ȻеһͣҲǼ֮һȻ֮徳ֻһˡ
ҼȻĶӣϾʹˣ
ȻкѽܣڵĻӦòм١
ŵ֮²Ҫͷ˿棬ѹ˵ڣЩϵˣȷϢ֮ڣκʹıȻսҾ֮УܷͿһˡ
߿һۣ޴ݺҵĻһҲţκĿ̲ģҲ֮Զ
ʱһԺ䡣
һ߽ԺӣЦˣ
£ԺڵһȺ˿
Ψһλ꣬Ҳû˵ˣ˭ܴҴǣ֪ڽʲô
㡣
ǸŵҲ޿κΡ
ϻǽ˭˶ûá

պѲʷŵ뿪˲ݡ
ÿһݣɱɱͬεĲ֮Уûȡʲôɼ뿪֮ʱЩǱ
˶֪Ҫץ˲ҡ
Ҳȥҡ
ȴûдҴκһˡ
飬һ֤ҵĲݣʹʷȨѲʷзǰҲҪá
ĳ¥֮ڡ
һȺʹ
ʲôŵ
һɥ֮Ȯһˣ
һΣӦ֪ʲô˰ɣ
ȺȺȣ

һλͷһҾƣеƱȻڵأˤķѡ
ؿڵڵϣɫ԰ޱȣͷ¡
Ⱥһ֮Χ˹
ӣ
֣ôˣ
죬ȥ
һӰˣɿܳ¥治Զҽݣᴩ·Ҫȥ˶ʱȻһ۵ײ˷ɳԶ
صڵϣȫʹޱȣ½̧ͷգѣһϮ
һ̣ޱ֪ԼҪˡ
ĸǲݴʷڲʲôʲôôȥġ
ͷˡ
µͣ£ŭ֪·𣡡
ڵϵӰûлӦߣԷȻһ
̽̽ıϢ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ˡ
ϴŮӵôˣ
Сܻȥվǰ˵С㣬ղ˺Ȼᴩ·ײˡ
ڴһλŮӵСãڳݳǲֳ˰ɣ
ڣλŮƳƳ죬ôˣ
ʱǳʲô૵λС㣬ղűײģ½ʷĶӡ
Ůɲ⣬ĶΣб£ץҡ
Ҳû·ߵʬ壬ߴٵȥɣҺɩԼͻɱٵˡ


383 ƶ˵ŵ
ҡ
ʬ壬İһԺ
˶
ҵ˶
һλ޵ĸˣ̱һʬǰ޵ķҲ
ҼѶҴҸ˵ʬ壬ɫһʵʲôˣ
˶ȻҵϵȴҲӵܣģȴһ߱ʬ壬׷
˶ݴʷĶҲˣɣǲ˳ġ
˵Ľ֮ıЩȻ
˶ںȾƵʱ򣬺Ȼ
ݴʷĶӣȥʱ򣬱һ۵ײ
Ϊ⣬û뵽⡣
һŮվ󣬵ͷĲܹңǵڳʻͻȻᴩűײģؽͨ򣡡
üģײݴʷ֮ӵģȻԼŮ
򳵷ʵô£
ǳ̵С˵û½ʷĶӲص·ȣǺúõڽʻȻͺᴩ˹
½޵ֻ⡣
ֿǼˣʵ˶ô£
һ£һһʮĵ
ŵѲ飬Щϣٶй˾Ϊ˱ܻȫ㵽ҡ
ŵûа취ͬɥ֮Ȯһ㣬뿪ݡ
Ϊףھ¥Լ磬˭뵽˶˱ƣȻصأ½ȥҴ򣬾Ȼײù飬ôˣ
ܿ죬ҵļҽҾͱ˹
˶ʬһ֮󣬼λľҽңųжĿܡ
üͷʵȷж
һҩߵؼ˶ӵڣûκζزж
ʵ޲֣念ΪλȻ
ߵԭкܶ࣬͹ȣϲ󱯡пܵºȻ಻ԭҽҲûа취͡
֤ݶ˵ֻ⣬ҲûбҪ׷ˡ
ҵʵȻǿ󣬲۸ӵܡ
˶Ҳȥү鷳
ĵĸˣ̾һ˵޳ڰĪҪ޻壬˶ĺ£Ϊŵġ
ֿһʬ壬ȥø½ʷɥɡ

ݴʷ½ϵңӱʬʱǰһڣſվȡ
ͶңΪ˱ܻ
û뵽˻û
ӵΪַ˼ݳײַڵ̵ˣܽ˰ѹȥɽ᰸ǼһЩӣײ˵ĳûдá
Ǹʱ½ʷ뵽֮Ϊͬԭ
֮ˣȻûдá
ǲ룬ǲܡ
ݴʷپƷһ٣ʵκ˶ֻҵһλãҲñ
һŮӿ˵½ˣԲ𰡣Ҳǹġ
½ʷеıˣϼһ˿ЦݣŮӵСǧô˵¹Ѿ˽ˣ½дȣСûܵžͺá
ֺܹӵˣðο
ŮԵĶ½ʷǸ֮󣬾뿪
½ʷվڶӵʬǰþԡ
ѵӦ

˶ȻҵӣڽڲһЩۡ
һЩ˿ʼţǲǶա
ǲݴʷ֮ӵһЩİգҲɵĻǲӦ
󲻾÷һ飬òĶҡʼԼⱲĻ¡
˶ɥ»ûа꣬һλƽŰС㣬Ȼ˹ֲ
λС㣬Ĺ̡
͢ɷ涨ڳڼݳҪٶȣɷٰնײˣ񿴵ĳݣԶԶľͻ㿪
ݴʷĶӣǱײ
һݴʷи߲ʵĴʹӱײռ£Ҳɲ׷С
˵СһֲȫƤãһҽҶ޲ߡ
þְ취ҩģȻסĲ飬òȴ˶١
λòųƵҵŮԽһʵԼڷ棬ټˡ
˵Ҫ֮£ҲȡһҵĻ¡
ǵע⣬
෹ż̸һЩ¡
ĳĶӣҹ¥һεŮӣϷĳλŮϣĳҹϵеĴ幫ӣҹ˯֮ʱݾȻˣ棬ڳʱȻ

֮ڡ
棬ͳԵ㶫ɡ
ȥġ
ҲҲҲԣ
ˣԺô󣬻ˣ
洫һεѵ̾˿ԵߵĲľͲܸ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ˡϷѧղСĲϷǰδֻҽǿѹƣԹҽʥҽҵ徳ΪԴСȥԹҩҽ
˿˵ԹҲ̫ԶˣûнһЩģ
ߵͷееģ״ԪŵһҽΪͬɲ⣬Թκҽʥ޲ߵĲ֢Ҳû취Ǿûѡˡ
ŵ٣ʺ
ھ벢ڵİѲ顣
ŵΪβҲ˵ŵԸԸ⣬ңôȥ
ԥ䣬ںȻѾ߽ҾŵүˣСҪϵ
飡
һ񿪷ţŮ֮󣬷ԸѾߵС㣬һ̶뿪
Ѿ̹ǣү
߳ţ˿
Ȼɱɱ֮𣬵һ˰ݣǵȥ
λ檣ǼΨĸףϲŮӣȻ֪ͨģ߾ȫ˵壬Ȣҡ
ϧ֢ΨһŮ۸ʲôۣҪ

ݡ
ŵոһ׮һ߽ģȴһ漰İգһ벻ˡ
ŵվôˣ
ǰ˵ʵĳˣ󡣡
ŵָָܿһԵӣ˵˵
ʲû˵ҽտ֪û˵һֲֹ
ŮĲ֢ϸĸŵŵԣ૵ȫƤãҽԻ⣬ܸΣϺϻ³ªİ̺ۡ
ʵ˵ͷһڴĿʵˣֲܲΣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵Ȼ鷳˵㣬λεġ
ڷġ
ŮںòβֲֹĻ
ŵ˵˿һҰɣֻҪκĲĳл
ڣ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ڲаһѲӸݣ鰸ûʱȥβģֲֻûΣա
λŮݣа裬ϸҲû̫ӵ顣
޷ǾǶβؽͨݣײ߱ķѹŵв̣ҲҪ
ȻŮˣֻۣܿҪκ棬һ⡣
ŵٴҡͷ˵Ǯ֮ٲȱǮƽʱͺò鰸ץһЩ̰ɱһЩƦðܵѹٳԵ࡭
Ϊ֮֮⡣
һʱŵ˼ݵ˼󣬿ڵ˷ģĳᵢ˵УΪСŮβڼ䣬̰Ұ飬ҰץұıûУС»ǿԵġ
ŵһ£ͷ಻˼
ʵⶼӦõġ
Ƭ̺
ŵ뿪ãҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ףΪʲôԹǶݺҡ
Щ˵ڰ
ǧңˣлл
ݺټңǾɱ

ݺͲڣλ徳ٶȣСʱ֮ŵٴҡ
ڶңεȴȻͬ
ϴǲ
һΣҼš
ĳµСԺһţ˵棬㿪һţһλҽĲ
ģ
֮ڣһɵ
ʵģ쿪Űɡ
Ŵ򿪣һȫʵʵͷҲĻŮվźҿ˿ʵҽأ
ʿߵˣ˵ǡ
ŮӵĿ͸Ļķ϶һ̱ŭƭңôᣬôҽ
˵棬ŵʲôʱƭ㣬λҽı´أ㿴еĻȥԹλԹҽʥ
ŮԣĬƬ̣ڵͷ˵Ǻðɡ
ŵҼȡֽ
һ񣬺ܿȡֽʣŵдҩһʱץҩŵҪá
ŵָָһںҩ֭λҵŮ
Ļ֮£Ůӵüͷ𣬵ҩžͺÿࡣ
ʰοҩڣĲܺá
ΪòŮֻתժĻ룬룬˹һ
ȵôɴ࣬ŵЩŮΪòʲô඼ܳԣҩܹûʲôãζȴǼ࣬ǳܡ
ȻһԵĺһҩƾʵŤתŵԴС㽿ӡ
ŵŵָҡ
Ůʵʲô
ŵҩֻӣõǵ徳ҽҪҪΣҪĻһȥˡ
Ҫ
ŮӺԥ֡
ԭϸ۰֣ѾõĿȫǣԼ̿ŵԴ޶ã֣ҽ壬ŵ徳ҽ壬Լֱϵ֮ۿɼЩ
Ŀԣ
ŮӼˣ˷ܵļ
ʳ˿ŵл˳־СŮҪʲôܿڣĳһ㡣
ŵ˵ҷе飬Ͱˡ
ʵĳӦ˵ģʲôҪҲᡭ
ŵ룬˵ƽʱ˲鰸һϲ飬ܸϵһЩ鷻ͺˡ
Ҫ˵
ʲôҪҲû룬˵ãҵ鷻ģӡʲô飬ҾͰӡʲô飬ãˣҷĲȡ


384 ˵в
ݡ
֮ǰѲʷŵ˲ݣΪ˲ݹеЦ
ɷϣĸףڳһ죬ҲҪɵǽڣ˵ţǻ˵š
ǻûЦ죬Цˡ
֮Ѳʷŵȥ
ڴͬʱڲݷΧ֮ڣչ˳ж
ڲݾӪ꣬ݷΧڣûǲ֪顣
һʱ䣬԰ټƵ˷
÷ץĵԣǲ
Щˣݸø÷ķеУû˿顣
û֪ʲô飬Ϊʲôǰ컹ӻǵңȻ֮䣬ȡ˶ǵıӻ׷ǵ
ҡ
լĳԺ֮ڣŵƵƷ裬ϵһѰڡ
ҰץˣǷ漰ʮϡ
ŵǰ߷ã⼸죬ʲôҲÿȺȲ裬дд飬Ի˽Ӱףŵֻھϸ¾ͺá
ÿһطִͺˡ
ʶƹҴЩʱŵ;֮
ˣ֮˶½޳ˣһ¥һ˱ķЩ飬£Ҫ侫벼֣ҶԣǶʵ顣
ֶΣϡ
ҵĴڣǲ֪ģҲǸ룬һ⣬ɺϣĴΣҲõùͣҪʮΰ˴ΣɵӶ֪ˡ
˵Щ΢ЩΪˣŵΪġ
廹ϵˣҵĵ̣ҳ֣Ȼõġ
˿̣һĳ֮ڡ
һӿʣԥƬ̣ڻ̲ס˵磬ĺץôǵˣǲЩף
Ƴһۣڽ£
̵ͷ˵Ҳ˼ֻǣһңкܶҲ鷻Ǹǿ
˿ڲ裬˵½ĹԱȻᶯһЩ޹ؽҪĹûˣҲܺܿµģ鷻Ͷ룬ӡܻǮҲӶ𡭡
ԣҲûٿˡ
£ֻҪ漰Ȼǽ͡
ͷ⣬ŵץסߣҲֻҧ˵ϱ
ʱ߳á
ΪĹϵ֮ˣʹġ
⼸գŵӡ󣬷˺ܴĸĹۡ
ҶˣһȻֻ֮Źƽ壬Ϊ츣
ŵסҵߣһԴΪҪЮûʨӴ󿪿ڣȴڳ飬æץ̰ɱԵ񡭡
վҵĶ棬ŵǼ͵ġ
״Ԫҵ徳ҽҵ徳Ҳ徳Թĳõ˿ܣ½һλϧΪá
ʱһ߹żˡ
ʵ˵ͷ˵ùܼҺдϹȥ
Ϊ˱֤ѪĴ֮ʱΪѡеķǶżҵĶӶƣƲĲɣ츳Ҳʮ̤ͣʦ
ΪһֲĻ䣬Լȡ˺ͶżҵĻĲˣǵĻҲ
ż֮ˣӦҲΪġ
ңһµԺڡ
ŮһľǰžеԼȻϻܿһЩİ̺ۣǰѾ̫̫ˡ
Ժɳ˹֣ˡ
Ǹҽ˵£ĲȬ
ʱӵǰľա
ʱһѾĵ߽˵С㣬żҵĶƹˣҪҪȥ
Ƹˣ
Ůԣʶվһȥҡͷһǲˣ⸱ӣôǵҵĲ˵ɡ
СѾӦһҪ뿪Ů뵽ʲôתתȻȵȡ
ҡ
֮ڡ
ʿһλӣЦ֮ǰ˹ֲò٣ҲΪ˲öżѿԲȡ˻ԼĲѾˣ룬ͶƵĻԼҲԼˡ
һλòӢԣȻ˿
ЦЦ˵˵ﻰòΣҵĻԼʲô仯˵ǲǣơ
̽ӿڣ΢ЦȻҵͽõҵˡ
ӵأûмˣŮʮ˱䣬֪СѾͷڱʲôˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ĲûȫҶӦҲǲǵġ
Ļո£һʹ洫ˣҵĲָˣҽ˵ҵĲҲβˣ
һŮӴܽϺֱõİ̺ۣɫһ䣬ŵˣ˵𣡡
ŮתжƵˣжƸ磬ղ˵ĻҶˣұҲԸȢ𣿡
һҰףҪŮӹһȥ
Ůӿ첽ȥ̲סǶһ㡣
ŮһƸ磬Ҳ𣿡
ͷתǧأĲˣȻԸȢ⸱ӣĸ˻Ը⣿
ǿ󣬵ǶżҲΪӣ뱲ӵҸûôɵ
ϣ̵棬Լ飬ǵ㲡˵ɣ
Ůӿ˼ȡϾĻױݲƽ˵ˣǵĻԼȡԺ˴˭ҲҪˡ
㶵ĿһĻ棬⡭
ŮӿҲûƣ˵˰ɣҲȢҡ
żҶ˴վԭأһʱ֪˵ʲô
뿪ʿˣֻ֣ܵҲˣǵĻ£͵Ϊֹɡ
ӵ˶һۣˣҲ˵Щʲôˡ
ҺȻ˵ҪԼŴŶǰ̽
ңΪתû뵽Ƿչһ

ŵ˽ҩСס
ʵҩ˭ְܰץˣָģÿֻøС㴫һܽԵпޡ
ԺӵʯԣûдĻ롣
ŵҩǰϣ˵ҩˡ
ֻǿҩ֭;ÿз࣬ʵǲˣ̲סʵԲ𣿡
ҪǲȣŵͰװˣ
ֻǵ˵ҪǲȬԲȡ
뵽Լǰʢգҧҧҩ֭һ嵽һ𣬲˿ĳֻ̬ܾͷ
ҩŵ֡
֣ŵ֣һҽȥϺϵİֵ̺˼֡
ͷ⿴ŵһۡ
ǰǴĻģÿ͸Ļķ϶ֻܿԼԼΪ鼫ôĻ룬һοȫвɾȡ
û뵽˿Σȶƺÿˡ
ŵɿ֣ƿߡ
ʱʴ߽ٴζŵ˹֣˵л˾СŮ
ŵ˰֣˵ȡѣĲѾȶֻҪʱҩһµʱ䣬ӦþȬˡ
ԣüͷ˵ʲôôҩúһ£ûвúҩİ취
ŵ˵ͷ˵аҪķһЩõ徳ҽµҲԣûôʱ䣬ݵİӲĲˣһȥѲ顭
ץʵ֣
ֻܿŵҶ£ڼݵ̰ٵҰץҲЩЩۡ
ŵ룬˵Ȼô˵Ҿ͹ˡ
ҵΧɲǲݡ
ǶӶźƿء
ŵܲİӣ֪鲻İӣһ֪˵ҴͣЩЩۡ
ΪСһȥŵطд顣
б˲ռײռΪҴ壬ӹɵģģ˵ץ˾ץˣ˵ͳ飬ȻǲܰѼĹؼԱ׼УЧҲŵһ˲߶ˡ
̶̼ʱ䣬ʹҵ徳ˡ
Ϊͬڿ
Ҳôϣʥָ֮տɴ
챻ΣС߻ط䣬žеƺ˼֣૵мֱ¡
һԵСѾ˸Сǣ˵ǵȻƾѵ״ԪʹһԹͽԹһλֳŮʣû뵽ҽҲôá
Ŀžӡ
ܶῡܣļλ֮һˣȴȫû취λȡ
ЩǣΪδ򣬸ղżӣǶһһˣһμʱҲûģԼ֣õ֡
һʱ䣬λ׿еġˡֶ˼ֺ档
ԼѾߣ˵㻹֪ʲô飬ٺ˵˵¡


Щӣûʲô·
ΪֵģѲʷŵֵʲôطɱЩ̰١
ȻЩģǰգǵȴ¿ƽʿ
ɱԽ࣬ɱԽ죬ǾԽĲλá
ʡ
࿴һţ¶Ȼ֮ɫЩ̫˵ġ
ɱҵţɱҵãɱҹԱڣŵȻסңһ鰸ץˣ飬˭š
뵽ƺҲûʲô鲻ܡ
ŵл˵鳯͢ǰ˾죬Ӽ࣬Ժˡ
¶һ˿Цݣò˶ãܹɳҪκ˱ӻĳ̶ˡ
ʡ
໺еߡӡ
зѲطȻЩЧȻ˴ĵĸ⡣
յĳ·ںη

¥䣬׷صĿ˼ĴѪ˿˷˵ע⣬ʵˣ
Щӣĳ͢еһֱ׷ǣҲϣӦϴεóȻжǵע⣬Ҳٴڳˡ
üһʵҪߣ
˷ҹݺһۣҹݺһ
üͷ˵ʲôڳһô
ֻǵһЦ˵ǵļңֻǴؼҶѣʲôֻҪڳú£潻ǽܻټġ


385 ټȻ
ҡ
صһ֮ڡ
λϥߣͬһʱ䣬۾
һλ߿ڵͻˡ
ұǵӰĬƬ̲ŵ֮Ĵ壬ǹһˡ
ԹҺҶǶġ
ҳңҵĿģҵ㣣ǰеģ˴֮󣬼Ķ
Ȼһλ߼λ壬ı䲻ʲô
֮Ĵ壬˭Ҳ֪Ժߵһ
˳Ĭãٴα۾ȫС
Ժв󣬵Ҳֻǿܡ
ҲǱ£ǧңΣᱳɱĶ
ңĳԺ䡣
ŵ߳䣬һ壬˿
ҵӣС
ǰôΪǰ죬ɵͻ˵徳Ϊµͻơ
ҽҽڲڣ
⴫һŵЩüġ
ȻУλС㣬ҲǷ˰
ÿ죬ŵһ
ܿŵܰˡ
ҵëѾ޶ĲˣԼݣֺڶɨһգŵ࣬¶ôãջ񻹲Ұ¡
̵ģнǧˡ
ͽ̵ģǲ
ΪҪģϵʣѾǵһֲܿ֡
ʮ죬ꡣ
൱һʱ֮ڣΪԪˡ
úʿŵʵҪˣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ôãʱ뿪ˣСĲپһƣܳȬԺҲٸ
ԣϣֻǳǳһۼ
ŵ֣ΪһҽһϸǳǳۼҲʧ
˿ŵȭлˡ
ŵҲ࣬Ƿ
ŵܻЩ˼ϰ֮ѾĲ˵仰
ϾһжƵġ
СĲǶŰĳͽ䡣
ٽҰУ츣գνһʯ
Ҹɲ顣
ݺܡ
ŵ˵ңңݺңңֻǹ߶ѡ
ˡ
ŵͶ뿪ңûлͷ󷽻˻֡
վſڣ˵ӰԶȥĵĿڵſ
վԣ˫½ǣʲôʶôãҲѰɣôˣ
΢΢ҡͷŵܵŮѵġ
תͷʵ㲻޸ƣΪѡһλӵô
ҡҡͷ˵Ҫ
ֵϲӵܣҲΪѡһλ׵ӣ׸ңҲ뿪ҡ
ҡͷ˵ҲҪ
ʼһֱĳƺʶʲôʵ㲻ϲŵ˰ɣ
ɫһ죬ջߣ˵ôܣ
˿˵ûоͺá
̧ͷʵΪʲôûоͺã
ȻŮͷ⣬ʻǷĵ˵Ϊ䲻
̴һŭ

س֮⣬ŵһۣʵȥ
ŵû̻ش𣬶˼
ЩģЩӣŵףԭ鰸ҲǿôЧʡ
ңҲôϣΪʡȥʱ;
ֻҪĿģУŵʹһЩֶΡ
ıУȡֽʡ
ġ
ϵ
ݡ
ء
ԭжأ֮һĶżڴˣ㽫ΪأżԻ֮ʱٲȻϵ֮żѲ۷֮ʱڴϵԾмǿƿء
ʱżңҳһƬ
ԼٽݵҽңȫټУмλ̫ҽԺҽޱȾտ̫ҽ
ⲡ֣ҽã
Ϸҽʮ꣬ҲûֵĲ֢
ãڶϵƺȾҪȻ»ᴫȾˡ
Ҫ˵Щˣֻ֪ⲡҪôΣ
֮ǰһֵĲ֢ȻڶżӿкֹʱͷʹȵĸоżΪֻͨķ纮üйҽҽΡ
ǵľҽԴ˲֢Ҳá
ˣиȾ֮˻ԽԽ֮࣬£żֻøݡҽֲᡷдв˶˷ߴʩű˸Ⱦ
һҽۺ룬˵ӦһµĲ֢ҽ֮дδ¼ҵҲ֪ҽΣֻһһӵˡ
һӳ˵ҶżҵˣԷӵģ
һӣ˵ȥҼգÿһȾҩ
ǡ
Ӧһ뿪
üģżһңǣڶżҳֵһ֢ǰһ죬øոսʡ׻˴޼ңͬһ죬ԪҲǰңμٳ
ֻϣûбȾȻĻ޼ҺΣӣ
֮䣬˴໥ʲôԱ߶֣Һ¬Ҳܲˡ
ûȥıˣλߣʵƳķӣ
ҡͷϷ˼𰸣ľҽãпƲЧķӡ
˽żҼҪҪȥڣ
żҼƳһۣÿڡ
ֲҽҵɽҽûãʲô취
ʱһӰǰ˵磬ǵĲһΡ
żҼԼĶܣʵ˭
ӵǰЩӣҺͶȥңҵﻼһֵĲ֢ľҽ޲ߣֱˣκ
żҼʵˣ
ӵѲʷŵ˵ҽΪѾ徳Ǳҽֲᣬǳ֡
ԣλҽҲڵ徳ҽȷзͬѰ֮һԡ
żҼǣ𣿡
ӵˣҺҵĹϵԶǶżңȻˣ˶˵ҽģһ徳ҽߣӦֻв˰ɡ
˶٣˵ҲץһЩ̰ٵٰ飬Ӧġ
żҼĬƬ̣ʵ
ӵȥҡ
ϵ
ݡ
ѲʷŵȻóݣ˳ݵطԱһ̶ֲգгʮλĴСԱ⵽ãݸõſڣҲǰ״İա
Ϊ״İ̫࣬ŵԷʱ䣬ѹһӡ
ʱŵʶһ˵ޣƾԼ޷ӸԴϸıһ״һӾֻһ顣
ҪģǸ걸ļƶȡ
ڴ֮ǰýΧЩѿеĹͷ
ŵ緹Եһ룬һӰ˽ǶһȻŵˣ¶żҶųжλ֢ĳ֪ҽ߳ˡ
ŵ¿ӣ˲죬˵١
Ÿոտڣǰ˱˵ǶżϵЩӰģֻƼݶżͼգϵЩ̰Ե񣬶żһΪ˲
ŵԥ⡭
˽˵˵żѾ鷻ӡˣãżҷĲȡˡ

ݡ
ء
ż֮ڣŵ߳Ժ䣬ѾһߣͭëŵϴֲǬ֮󣬶żҼǰʵˣô
ŵ˲ȷʵЩ֣Ҳ޷ֻǿܻ鷳һЩҪķһЩʱ䡣
ʱ⣬ֻҪоȾͺãżҼŵ˱ȭ˵һоͰˣ
ŵ˵ͷżҴӦٵ飬ϣ˵
żҼ˷ģĳѾȥ׼ˡ
ץһЩ̰ٵ񣬶Զż˵Ҳ򵥲顣
Խλᣬûٻϵŵ֣֮ҵȥżǵĸֻ֤ǰ棬ö֡
Ѱӡ飬㲻ʲô顣
ֻôһ˿˿ɺϡ
ҵСո˹ֲżȾߣƫƫֻܾΣǲЩ̫ɺˣ
ܾʲôط̫ԾżҵߣܲŵģûݣҲأиżͶ飿
ܿ죬ͽʵʵ뷨׳Ժ
Ҵ˵ǺҪ飬ȻӦŵ飬һ

żҡ
һСԺ֮ڡ
ŵ϶ѻɽľڣһʱ֪һݿ
ЩҴ壬Ȼ¢ԴѹȰգѿسõ飬ǰ飬Ҳʵϣһġ
ˣżҲˡ
ǵЧʣȳ͢ߡ
ϵľѾѲˣԴԴϵ
ҴļǧӣŵԩЩطԱҺŪգҺŪ͢ȴҺŪҡ
һľڣŵͷǣȥߡ
߳żҴŵʱ򣬺һ߽żҵӰ
ĳһ̣˵ĽŲͬʱͣ£ȻĬĻͷ
Сˣ
ү

żңŵݾӵԺ֮ڡ
ŵòĹȻʵô
ȻҲЩţżҽ̼ӵ鷨үô
ż˻һߣβ
ŵ֮Ż˵Ҫؼݣݡ
ֻû뵽ô˾Ȼ
ȻȻڵϣŵллү֮
ŵһʱȻʵʲô֮
Ȼʱһݵʱ򣬸һ̶֧ӣ;ɽ٣һλǣλ˵үҵġ
ŵô¡
ʱǣһŮӣԽǧܻʲôΣգû뵽ˡ
ʱһӰ̽ͷԺɻôǶ׼ˡ
ŵվŵǰһ£̸ĿڵĿβˣ˵Ҫ
˵꣬ת뿪˳㽫ԺŹϡ
ŵַȻŵһգ̵ү·Ұϴϴɡ
ŵľմȾϵīڼΪˣһ˳⣬ʱ˲ôࡣ
˰֣˵ˣһԼһͺãѾҵѾˣˡ
Ȼû˵ʲô룬ḧһŵȾīڣǼī㻺䣬Ư֮С
ŵǣ
Ȼҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪һֵʱ򣬺ȻҿЩ


386 ߲
ŹȻٿǼīзȥһɸ֣һڳīţŵ˼
˵֮뵽ģһңңңīҵȡ
ټ֮ʱ;ʵԶֹ⼸ңֻΪ⼸ҵżߣͨҲܹȽ׵ţڶ࣬𽥳Ϊ
ʵϣֻҪĳһ£̤֮·ĿܣԼһ֮·
ֻһЩŵ;ңңּңҵȣҪộҪôǶ츳Ҫ󼫸ߣܹ뾳˼٣յĽǱЩںϣǳʧ
ȻӦǡ鷨ҡ
鷨ҡ롰ҡһ֮֮
ּңң鷨ңСɣںϣΪ֮һ
УֵԳΪһգҪ̫ߵֵ츳ҽ徳֮󣬾Ȼѣӵƿɵں֮Ƿˡ
Һ鷨ڱںϵĹУֻ˻ԻֻԵ鷨
Ȼ鷨츳ӹɵġ
ŵںϰټ֮鷨һɣ˵û覴á
ȱݣȴԼ˼롣
֣ŵ˼
鷨ʼûԭ
κһֻҪţᷢ޴ɱ䡣
ֻܿī֭ȥʵ⼸κ۵ī֭׵ȡ
ֻ̫ʹ
ŵ鹻࣬ʱ˽Щÿָָ
鷨ңֻսķʽвͬĳЩϣǵĶصơ
磬ŵ϶ѵɽİڡ
֣żĸ֪վܸ֪ڵݣȻհس̶ȣűࡣ
ддʵʱҲŵÿһֶҪױд
ֻһͷīˮͻԼϳ֣ȫֻҪ룬ЧдˣҲ޺ۼ޸ģֱʥ塣
ǡãǰ̲ʱľŵĹᳵ·Ҫẉֱ̂Ӿ֡
ŵһԣеĺŲ裬ī֭ԶɵǰĻܱϣֿһ湤Сˣĵѹ쵼߶飬һõ飬ĹЧʡ
߰Щ£ŵûôæˡ
ҽζż˲̫żκ֮ǰ¶Ȼô
ȵեǬ˶żڻϵӰ뿪ʱˡ
ҺͶżҴôãŵЩҴ˽
֮ңǵѪ
ӵУ߱츳ʤһ֮Уλʦܹ֤ϴ
Ǽӵܣ඼ھеҪְڼеģû츳츳֮Щ˵þȢӣһѵ츳ֳֻ
û츳ӵܣڼԴ£Ҳīңңҽңũҵȣ͢еģҲС
ȻŵͨһЩԺͼıʹǳеһЩҵΣⲢ漰ǵĺ档
һ֮ϵκεı䷨ıĿǰ״
ŵ˼䣬š֨ѽһ򿪡
Ȼһľ߽˵үźϴš
⸱ӣŵ֪˵Ļһûȥ
ŵվ˵Լͺá
Ȼͷ˵үһүĻᡣ
ŵ촽˶ջûܾܾ
ŵڴߣѵЬ࣬ȻľǰΪϴţǰһ
ֻǸʱΪ֪࣬үģ⼸꾭ô飬ڵģǵʱûźү
ΪⱲҲүˣȻĻᣬؾúñүġ
ŵͷŹȻʲô鶼棬һֳо
Ҳȷ
ŵ뵽һ£˵ʵԭһλù٣Ҳ̫
ڳΪ֮ŵܹӴ궫ϸڣĺ걻޶влݺҳ֣뿪󣬱ú٣ҲǱݺֶ𽥸
ҪŪͨ˵׾ٵ顣
ֳͨȻް취
Ȼ߬ȭͷ˵ݺҾĽ˱ɻ𡭡
ŵ˿˵ݺҵֶΣҲһЩѺ˱ɻˣֻ߽˱ɺˣ˵¡
Ȼ߬ȭͷֻɿ˵үǲһ
ŵĿ⿴
仰һֱ뷨ıϡ
˼ǼԦΪʹ
˵ֻµֶΣΪĳһңȥΥĵ顣
ǲŮĻǾ˵
СʱȻҲϹѧӿ飬һʱ仹˵ʡ
ȼ˺һЩҲѵӣֻѧЩ
ڳ伮˲٣ȴû
ǼĻˣĻڲϣ糪裬ٻ
Ժ̺ǳˣ˰˷ǽ̲ǶģŵŶڵϣϴŵĹȻкȻðһ뷨

Ÿ
żҼȥȾˣ˿
ŵķץҩǵĲȻࡣ
ȻѾõҩβĹؼЩҩģǵ徳ҽԣǻòͣŵץˡ
֪ôȾߵġ
ƺ˶żңԼǣû˵֢ͬ״ѵߵԴͷڶżң
ɻʱ򣬹ܼҴҴܽ˵ү޼ˡ
֮䣬Ϊ˱֤ѪĴ˴żҼãǼ޵˴޼ңߵǰãһ˱˱ȭ˵͵ܣò
ȴδɣ֣ѲʷŵǲǶżң
żҼ΢΢һ㶣ȻͷڶŸ£
˿˵ھͺãͷ򸾻ȥ֮󣬲֪ȾʲôֲкȲֹһҹ֮䣬޼Ҿʮ˺ȾͬĲ֢λľҽ˸ַ޲ߣ˵Ѳʷŵҽ෽֪ڶżңгɡ
żҼԣϵıЩΡ
޼ҲȾˣ
֪ĻͲǻȥˡ
һԴ˵͵ܣġ
꣬Ȼ˵ּǷ򸾴ӶżҴȥ޼ҵģ
żҼô˵ҶżҲ⣬㲻żڴ֢֮գȥ޼ҡ
˿ֿʵβ˶ӣ
żҼҡҡͷ˵Ǵ޼ôʲô鶼ϲӣ˼ҵĶˣǮҺˣȻδ뵽
΢΢һ㶣˱ȭָ㣡
żҼ°ϵĶ룬˵˰£ҪͶãλ޷ҵģһð참ϲץ̰ɱԵ񣻶飬Ҫ˵㶮˼ɡ
ӵ˵ͷ˵ãá
ʱ
ŵŶżҼһλİӣȷ˵Ǵ޼ңҲʮ˸Ⱦ߲
żҼЩε˵˵ԴͷΪǶżңˣҪκöżЩȥһ˴޼ң
żҼ˵꣬İӾͲ˷ģش޼ҶĳѾż壬ϲ¤ϵԱղ֮£⣬޼鷻Ҳᾡ쿯ӡĴ
̸ϣ̸ϡ
˵ƷؽǧţܿӡҲǴ޼ҵҡ

ĳֻʵʵ˵

һ֮ŵ˴޼λµһҩҩʱƴ޼˵Ĳ飬Ҫŵʱҽ
һл֮ǰ޼ңһӦˡ
ʱŵӦ
ϾҹԱҼԴɫ
û뵽ЩҹԱȫһ˵լʺ񣬼ЩСŮоˡ
żҼصǰãип߲Ҳ˹ˣôͨˣרŴң
ݳڣûĲ֡
ϸ룬ҲܹͣϾˣ˽Ӵ߲˼֣һȥֻһ˼Ҿ硭
˴޼֮ˣոһ軹ûкִܼ꣬Ҵҵ߽үҲˡ
żҼ뵽ʲôȻվ૵ɡ
£һ˴߽ڣһűߴٵ֣˵ǶżȾߣѾס˲飬ѷӸңҼá
żҼüģˣ˵֣֪ܼȱ𼱣Ҹ͡
ò׽ףʵ˵βŶӣ
żҼ˵޼ңȥңǾͲˡ
̾ϣ޼ôǣ
ֻһЩˣµö⼸ˡ
żҼ뵽һ飬ʵŷǵ֮󣬶ʲôˣЩûе߶ɣ
ӵι٣ǰ٣֣ҵģҲ¬ҵģٺڶǾͻؼˣ㵽߶𣿡
żҼ˫ָ棬˿ϣĽ
ӱ
ݡ
¬ҡ
Ż
УҶʹˣéøң
򣬴أҺܣ
¬Һլ֮ڣҳһƬ
ϵ
ء
֣
ǰ̫ҽСβã
ȥȫǵĴ
˭κǵĲ
ģ֪ͲȥҺˣ

ʱǰḮڶС壬Ⱦһֺ߲߲ȻʵһЩҽʮϴ򣬶Ϊ
ݡ
żҡ
ŵһ˼ݣȻʵүڰ˭
ŵλҽʥ
ҽҴ֮Ϊβˣŵ飬ȴҽҵĳ㣣ȻԴǰһҽҵڣһ¡
ȻһȻҲѧŵӣҽʥĻ˰ݡ
ŵЩε˵Ҷ˵˺üˣ㲻ýүѾҵѾߣˡ
Ȼ˵ͷ˵õģү
ŵˡ
ѾͷʵԸǳǿ϶飬ʮͷţ
ߣŵǹࡣ
ǰѾߣŵչʱʮȻϰ߱źûиܵ˿ıŤ֮
룬ʵСˣԺʲô㣬ݽ鷨𣿡
Ȼ⣬¶һ˿ãȻҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ûмˣֻнд֣Լ
뿪ż֮ŵҪȥ޼ңҡڶż⼸ϰˣһ뵽ûлЩӦ
ϸ˼Ƭ̣˵ҪԺ߰ɣͷ棬㾡ۣܿһ⡭
Ȼԣ̧ͷϲĿŵʵңԺԸү
ŵ˵ͷ˵ԸĻ
Ļû˵꣬Ȼ͵صͷ˵Ը⣬Ը⣬ֻҪܸүߣʲôҲҪ


387 ˵
ݡ
żſڡ
żҼŵ˳ţ˱ȭ˵ʱ䣬лˡ
ŵͬȭ˵ˣҽְؿ
޼ˣ͵ڶŸ֮⡣
ЩӣƾŵǵҩȻʱѹס˸ЩߵĲ飬Ҫȥһ˴޼ҡ
Ϊ⣬ڴ֮ǰ޼Ҿµ鷻ӡ
⣬ҲѶüϲ¤ϵԱ̰ʿѹյĲΪõĴѾΪ͵ǰȥˡ
ȻЩǹϵеĹԱʿ
߰ɣβҪ
ŵ֣˵Ľ£һεƶ䡣
żҼŵƴżȥ°ϵĶ룬̾ÿٶȣ֮ƣ鴫
Ʋ֮ϣȻץŵ䣬·ɽϵı飬η𽥱Ϊ档
޼ҵλʦֳһĻ֣ȻڵٶȣȻᱻ߿֮ϵĿ紵վסΡ
·ľڷٵˣҲ档
ΪʦȻҲնУҪɵô죬ôƽȣΨҵ֮ơ
Ĵ壬Ҳǹһˡ
ҵľС֮򣬼Ԧ֮ƣٶ֮֮ͬ£ûκһܱȡ
գŵǵִ޼ҡ
˿̣޼֮ڣд޼֮ˣң¬ң֣ң֮˽ڡ
һ߲ӶżҿʼḮĴѾȫɢȫУղμһЩС壬Ҳδ⡣
ڴ߲Ĵǿڸ尴աҽֲᡷһѧķߴʩ֮󣬲δΧɢ
۴޼ңΪҩġ
Һĳһţŵƣѹѹӵֹͣ
ŵĿɨǣڵǵҶ֪ˣ߲ʮ̣ԽӴˣֻܳһˣֻһһҵǰϣλ⡭
⡣
޼֮ȥ¬Ұɣ¬Ѿ׽̰ٵ񣬾͵ȥˣ
¬ģ󿿿Լõģ
ʲôʲô֣ҸӦȥ֣ң

ƽżֻ֮һźģգȴڴ޼Ĳɿ
ϾĶǵ޶һյõΣҪһյ
ȺŵԼõģȻԶš
¬Һ֣ң˭˭ŵûиȷĴ𸲣ֻ˵һ䡰ɡ
û֪˵Ŀǿʲôȴһ¬׽õ̰ٵĿͺѰζˡ
ܴģĸϺ꣬Ѳ³⡣
λʷ˲ҪӣҲϲˣΨڶϰͳ飬¬Һ֣˭ⷽ⣬ͻȥ˭ҡ

޼ңΪŵ׼õ徻Ժ֮ڡ
Ȼڴһݷݵİڣһԣŵűʣ˼
ң¢˴ĵҵ鷻Ҳ֮һ
ΪŵΪԴ˵ҲϣŵΪЩѸ˳ͻƵڶֱ֮գΪٶȲ
Ҳģŵǳ飬Щʫֻ߿ƾٸ顣
һ鼮ڣһ㶼ܹߵȽǿƾٵѧӣǵʹİյȣͲ̫̫ˡ
УɲӡС
ҪǣǵƷ˿
ŵбҪдһЩͨ׶ĶС˵֮࣬ϸ֮£Զûô򵥡
ŵ⼸߱ģԴĻյк˽⡣
ĵĽȨҺС¢ϣѰյʶʵ͵˷ֶָʶỨǮȥ򰺹鼮
л˳δҪе߾ȻҪȽյʶ⣬Ҫ鼮ļ۸ȥһⲻ˺ҵͻ
һصԶ飬Ҫҵһɡ
Щ飬ʱ
ŵȽЩ˼׿洦ǰ֮¡

ʥʮǰ꣬ĵطԱսս
ѲʷŵѲطзնͷ
ΧڵĹԱԭǱſֵ̬ȡ
ұӻ͢ʷǲôġ
˭뵽ڵرݣõ˸ࡣ
ֱʱ򣬴ĵĹԱʶλѲʷǱףݵĽɫ
䣬ն׳ҵĹؼ񣬱ʮɱĻҪࡣ
ֻŵɱģЩеͼԼһЩѹյԡ
£ն֮ƷһԱһƷĻʼȨǵ徳Ĵ壬ûɱҲûɱ˵ġ
ʷҸӶˣӦþġ

ʡ
Ҷǰһľڡ
ݾڣŵصվġ
ϵҲ֣ҵڵء
⼸£ŵÿһʱ䣬͢һݾڣҪļ¼ڵذÿһӣÿһλã͢ҪĲǵȱλ
ݾڴؼ˵ңѾȫһ顣
ԭЩطǳ͢ѿеĹͷ
ҶԵطİѿ̫͢ȥˣջѲʷ޹
û뵽ѿеĵطǡǡŵȿĵط
͢ѵõϢƺǼˣһֵּ߲Ⱦֻ߲ŵΣβΪҪЮҪЩ壬ǵӰ鵱صĲ֮£Ϊβֻ
ʳָû棬˵ˣôɶֻ߲ΣⰡ
û˳Ļϵľڣ˵˵ó͢ǿԵطļ죬ǲĹԱǰطμԱÿǵпˣͻߣΡ
֪ŵ˼
ҵĹԱڳƣڵطϣڵطĹԱؼ˵ҾǲǵĴڡ
˾٣طΣӳ͢תƵЩҵϡ
⼸·һϵ˵ԸΪЩ飬͢Ҳǡ
һţν
˵ңݺҡ
һݺңֻҪڰգνˡ
ϳڵ꣬»һƾ١
԰
ŵż˺ͰȥԹټ԰ֻзһ˾ס
ںͤʯԣĿƽˮ棬޵ľᡣ
ûսжã
ûЩ㲻ڵ
ƭһΣһΣԶʧȥ
֪ܵʼӽģ᲻ҲҪˣ
⣬վҪԵ顣
ǻ˾޴Ĵһһӡ
˼һҴݡ
ʱ򣬾Ҷᱻۡ
Ը⿴ġ
̾˿˫ʮָһͬһ


һӰ߽š
Ȼĸŵٴ̤볤ϤĽͷһֻȻεĸо
˿ŵҲоΡ
ϣȻܻһǧꡣ
ų߻ħңʮֿţҲòš
ҵóľǶ
һ㵽ŵһǧɻԺΪȻ֮赲ŵһУ㲻ˡ
ǰѾɹ뾳ҡ
е
ôõԼ㲻Լ겻ְɣ
һԺ󣬻öٺһЩ
վڳͷŵ˿
֮ǰŵ֣뿪
ȥ£ͣջ޴
İ£̵ģǧˣ漰֮һء
֮ǰ巨Ϊƿ
ǰһҺͷҵ˫ʥ
Ҫ̤һûôףɱһݴʷ͢ƷԱҲƿɶļ
뿪֣֮ŵûǰµĵطǻص
ôõʱ䣬ҵİ£ҲǿѲ֮һأĵطҵΧŵһˣǴԵѲһ飬Ҳʱ䡣
ó͢ƵļƶȣЧʣҲʵ֡
ңҲûлعˡ
ϵ볤ŵȿˣȻȥԹ
԰ڡ
ǰ۾Ȼ˴ϡ
ܵϤϢһ̣Ȼվż⣬˫ϰԵĹŵĲӡ
ſڣȻһĻɫ΢΢һ죬Ѹ˿
ã˲ŷֿ˫
˹ŵĲӣգˮĿ
Ŷǵŵһûסٴȥ
֮ŵ££޼ҷϵ飬ҪȥɣҴȥԹͼ˰žۡ
²ȻôĶˣŵȴпЩ㲡
ʱ䣬һֱ汼ңСˣҲôæ
ǷˣԼԽ¥Ժﻹкܶ⣬һжҪٳ֣㲲Ź֡
ҡҡͷ˵Լ⣬ˣҲġ
ŵҹݺأƽæʲôҲֵֵ
˵ҹݺĿиֳһ˿غĵǣûлش⣬ʵʱ䣬ô˸
ǧңȻû˵ġ
ЩӣӦǮ
ŵͷ˽͹뿪԰ȥһʡڽµļƶȣ̸Сһʱ
ȥ˴£˸׺ʹ
ڣʻһûûҹīңŵ뷨ص԰ʱѾˡ
򵥵ϴ˸裬ֱӻطϢ
˺ͰԹ˻ûʽҵţֻһ˯
߽䣬Ŵ˯£ڴϵķʱȴ΢΢һ㶡
Ȼȷ⣬˼Ҫ֮ż޸ˣʼûһͬ˯һŴ
˸ոϴ裬һͷںڵͷڼͷ·˵۾ˮĿŵ˵һ˯


388 ̹
ϵ˯£Ǵͳʽ
ڳַ֮⣬Ůӵĳؼӡ
ڻϳڵ츳Ƶ·һֱµУܳŮӵĻӭ
˵µŮӣɷĹϵǢࡣ
˯£ϵȵ˿֯ɣ͸Ͳ͸֮䣬͸΢⣬ԼԼԿļʼոһ㱡
ǰ˿ߣΪȻʮЩȻ
ŵ˶˺ͰߵʱһֱԺãĹΪֺø̽ΣΪ
һ̣ѹѾõְ಻סĳ嶯
˺ͷˣŵǵ뷨ܴͳ˼޹գŮӶڶ֮ҹǼ俴صģЩ飬ֻ塣
ŵ촽ʵҪ˯
Ĵ˵òܵһһ˯ֻûкһ˯
˶ô˵ˣŵ˵ʲôأЩ˯⣬ϴ֮ŵϵܰ㣬ȴһⶼûˡ
ȻҪԭǣ˵ֲʵһֱҶ
ŵץ֣˵ҶĻҾͲˡ
΢΢תͷĶߣԲģң׼ˡ
Ȼסŵ·𴥵һ㣬һĸоȫ
˷ϣӸµĿĿ⺬˵׼ðԼˣңҲٵȥˡ
£ΨһǼ˯£ҲӼϻ䡣
ɫ֮ڣͬ¹⡣
Դ뿪Թ֮ŵѾܾûмôԲˡ
硣
ϵ˿֯͵İ˯£ڴߵĵϣȱһİɫдƬʪδǬ
оͼ滨ľϣ˵Դŵؿڣ˯֮С
ŵ۾ΧһƬңһҹӿֵĸܣҹȻ˸ˡ
һֱ˸ŵĸоǱ濪ţıأʵҲˡ
ҹ֮ǰŵ֮ĳ߶ȣȺͷҪöࡣ
ȻҹһоͶˡ
˵ŵĺãһǳ£ʳ֪ζһѹãͷţ׹ػδսֱ
ŵ˿̫ĽǶȣ֪ʱ䲻ˡ
⴫΢ĽŲȻվſڣСʵүˣҪ緹𣿡
ŵص׼ˡ
ŵǰ޳Ľë˲۾
˿ǲŴƵſŵϣ̧ͷĿӣֵܿͷѸٸֳһơ
ŵĳ̸ͦеԵĵط˵׼𴲳緹ˡ
˴·߳䡣
ȻɨʱҵĴ̣ɵĺ
Թŵ鷿׼һѧ鼮
İյĻ̶ձƫͣ˵ûУͨյĻˮƽǻõĴ֮У޷˳Ӧʱķչ
⣬Ҫе߾Ҳʺе
ŵոд˼У˾ʹ߽鷿Ŵϡ
ŵ±ʣĿ
ǰɣ
ߵŵǰһԥ֮󣬻ǿڵм飬ͼ˰ǺܾãʱӦøˡ
ŵվ˵ͷ˵
˻˿ʵܵ
ŵһʱûпڡ
ǰ˵仰ŵܻΪҪʲôɫݵϷ
˲ῪЦ
£һϢӿֳ
Ĺһ˿ʹֻеһӣѸڶֱľ۷塣
Ϣŵ뿪Թʱ˵ʵ൱
ŵеĵһͷȻǣԭҲܴģΪ֣£Ǽ˻ǰڷϳˡ
ЩĲҿŵĿƿڡ
Һҹݺԭ壬ʮǰ֮ܵǣﶼ˶ҺҹݺߣǽǸּܣܵΪ鱨
ʵ鱨֯磬ǰ˵Ǹ硭
֮⣬ڴĿģΪȡ鱨ĹǾϸѡܵͨƣΪǴܹԱȨĸۡڻȡ鱨
ŵĬƬ̣ʵԧ޸褡
˵ԧǵܵҲϲ褡
ŵֳĬһʵǵһμ棬ҲƵģ
ҡҡͷ˵Ǵ⣬ǴĶӣǴûӽ㣬ֻԧӽ褣û뵽Ķӣ飬Ͷ֪ˡ
ŵʵҲָʹģ
ûзϣ˵ͷ˵ƶвңҲǾͻƶҡ
ŵҡͷ˵ˡ
һ֮󣬻۾
ԭкܶ໰Ҫ˵ֻҵķˣʲôƶˣҲ֮¡
ûи˵ЩĻᡣ
Ȼʲô˵ˡ
Ҳá
٣ĵĥ
ԼѾΪӣץԼӦ෨Ϊ
ץǱѣЩӦҲΪƶ
Ժ󱻱ԲңԲ飬ܰﵽҲܾȵƶӦõĽˡ
˲ۿŵ´Ͽʧı顣
ȻûеȵĽ֣ǵȵһůʵĻ
ŵὫ뻳УʵȻ۾ʲô
ߴĻ˻۾һŵ૵㣬㲻ң
ŵСָǰ˻Σ˵˵Ժʲô飬ҪҼǵãǵϲңΪңκ顭ģˣ
ûпڣֻǵͷŴŵĵ䡣
ŵ΢΢ø˵ΪܵǱڴģϲ⣬ͶķϣˡϣǱպ
δ˵꣬ͱˡ
ҲֱƵϡ
ϵһֽţɢһء
ú󣬹ȻԺӣҪү鷿費ҪɨߵſʱŲһ٣һ̾ߺת뿪
ã֮ڣŵ鷿СϣʵЩ˭ġ
ſǰʳָؿڻȦȦ˵ʼҵĲУкܶ෿оȵˣһԡ
ŵԺйһЩԾԾԡ
˼ϰһǴδй顣
ֹһŵЩʵܵҪѧʲôܣ
˵ÿҪѧĶͬԧ죬һʼĿģ뽫ţСͶԴ½еıģƶרҲ뽫ŵģģǸÿ˵츳ҪѧĶһЩֵ廨ǸʱÿֻʱϢʱ䣬Ҫѵ
ŵ§˵ȥˣԺһҡ
ϸֳһ˿Цݣжеص֮·˶ࡣ
ǰе飬ҪԼ⡣
ڣܹˡ
̧ͷŵʵԺҸô죿
ŵʲôǰʲôԺʲô
ԥƬ̣ʵǵʱ򣬿϶ԴĲ飬ҲӦǻᱩ¶ҵݣʱҲܵǣ
ŵ治ǣ
ʲôǣɱ嶼ǣһǣ
Ǹ˵û˸š
ο˷֮Щǣ૵˺Ͱ֪֪ǡ
飬ŵ߼ǡ
ǼҪճϼǺ٣ĺլһҳһࡣ
֪ݵʵ٣ͨ޳ȥЩܵԼĸ߲㡣
ܵð죬˷˺ҹݺ⣬еŮܵΪΣûκΪġ
ŵֻö̶֣˷˵ݣԼܵݡ
ĸ߲㣬ŵʱκβǡ
÷˼Ϊѣ룬˵ҪȥԹɡ
ҡҡͷ˵ҲߣƶǴˣˣһƶΨһˣֻҪڳͲ¡
ŵ֣˵İɣһȻĴġ

ʱŵ߳԰
ѹҶԷûãԭͼһܴ
׵ŤתҲڰг֡
ڴĵĸˣŵҲ֪Ǻ»ǻ¡
ҵ⣬ֱƹܵĲƸѾǧ
ĵ̣Ҳϡ
ºӲϿ̣ΪŮṩλҵ̴ѾݶĳڵŵҵΪܿҲٲ˷˵Ĺ͡
ŵһӣǴԱ¼
Ҫȥ£Ȿ¼ס
ǳϲȱٵһŵң̹ףǵԼ
ߵĽȻһȴͬ
ȻȴûнƻԵΪܹ̹ףմɷҲԲ账ãǱ
˵ŵв߷Ĺ͡
Ҳ󰸣˵ɷزŻ㱨
ĸ𷴼زţ˾
ֻҪ¸֪ףϾԲˣȫӰС
¡
ŵ߽÷ʱ򣬴ں͸塣
ҪҴҵĻᣬҪȴĶࡣ
ԭԭĸǣ׵ûʲô仯Ǵ¶֮ɫд¡
ŵЦСӣб£ôҪܵҲˣʱǻԷһ
ŵ˵ͷ˵Ҳôġ
뿪µʱŵע⵽׵޼˼˿׷
ǵ֮ǰͷȫڵġ
ԼѾʽţʱ򣬾Լ޲¶ķʮҲҪʮ갲ݵӡ
˶ļ鳼ȴӵоԱûкȻ֮
ŵ޷ô߹Щġ
£÷֮ڡ
һ꣬µһ룬Ǳӷ档
Ȿ¼֮£мᣬⱾ¼֮µϣȻš֡


389 ˵鱨
԰
ĵȵŵȲʵ״ô˵
ŵʼ磬˵˵֪ˡ
һãȻЩ
ŵ˵ͷЩ
ӡУƺûʲô飬øײԵ仯
ܵ飬С£ҵӰ֮󣬵ϴκСؼȨȦչҵġࡱ㲻ʲô
һΣŵκλҡ
һܵ¡
ηϣʼͬһ̶ûκβ
͸׽Ȼ෴һϪˮԸѣԶ˵Ļ
ŵ벻ͨԸȻ෴ˣôΪѵġ
ŵĸп΢΢һЦ˵ڴ͸ף絹һμء
Ŷ
ŵԴˣֳŨȤ
ӵмƾõʷ˵Ǵڵʱ䣬ڴʱ䡣
ڴģǳĴС£綼ϸļ¼
ڳ££ҲСĵľͬΪܵ˾
ΪĳȨ˾֮ڴȻżϸļ¼ǿЩеķʸԵۡ
һ˵ļأʥʮ꣬ټλԼһЩڳһԣⳡ֮ϣӶջķᣬΨһǸ׽Լָ˴ǳԺ󣬴;ڴ¡
Σֵŵ˵⡱ˡ
ֻΪ׷˵Ͷôãƺ˵ȥ
ҡҡͷ͵ܶҲôģԴйķĸֻһͨĹŮĲţһ֮г󣬱¶ôأֻ֪֪дĴڡ
СȱʧˣӸ飬Ǹʱ򣬸Ϊ״ԪѾ£ҵõãи£˵ֻΪ˱ⴾѿһСĻ˵ȴŲһ塭
ǵƲⲻûݣݵ飬СʱסĹУΨдߵĹŮ¹٣ڳ֮ãÿ궼һǮƣ۸ҲΪǳͷ

ڴظ飬軳ɵġ
粻Ǵ½һרҵŵòޡ
Щ˶оԸǱ˶ʶ
Ȼ˴Ҳ˳˵һ͹
˫֮֮󣬻ȷĵһλʵۣλ֮
ʱϸֳЩɫ˵ڹȥһʱЩ֡
ŵʵ֣
Һǻоɳδ㡣
Ȼ˰ŽģŵǴڳ̣ҲΪ
˵һʱ̤ǰΪྶͥǰϲ㽻ѣÿ¶ᣬȥһ࣬һҲûой˼֮¹̶ٿ֮⣬Ҳǰ֣ݴڳԶ飬˻ۼ
Ϊܷ͹࣬Ҳ纺֮ǰŴαãΪЦ֪˾ǲװģҪӪһѧļ󣬸ı䳯ͱ¶Ŀƺʵ䷴ĺܶıʿһ뿪
˶٣˵ڹ˳Ǹ֮ǰӲȨ˫֮Һ㿪ʼԾڳãе֣ңżң¬ϵУ̨֮ҲʼƵ͹ϵĿǰλӣԹΪǿ󡭡
ҶڳõӰ켫λӣҵĹϵ
ǲȫķĳһλӣ޼ҺңȻ׵ĹϵⲢǻᶨվ
һ䣬·޼ҺңҲ𽥼͹ϵ
˿˵λУʵΪƵǴĳգûбֳκιܣǱи״ˣܺ빧Ტۡ
ĵĻλջỨ˭ңǴڴ½ܹĵ⣬˴ƹ£Ҳ˿ûλ˼
˼˵Ļʵʲôʱλᴫλ˭ֻԼ֪ҵ鱨κпڽĿսûе꣬ĴһЩκϣޱȱ
˶٣˵һ֣ȥԹʹ̣ʹĲìܣʱǲʹǰǵõ鱨ʱǺԸʹĺͽģɴʹŶ̬ȣȴӣʵֱۣӵʹ޻תء
ŵ룬ʵʹ˭ȥģ
˵һϵĹԱ

ʡ
࿴ű߾߱Ŀʧ
κĵһսȻ޷⡣
ʹģǼӿһ̡
ʵȼƻǳʹһŵƻ
κ̲֮ģ֮һκҲ׾¡
ֱ̣ŵ⣬ֻʹԹųɹĴĿġ
Щ꣬γԸĸ
еˣӣ˶ףڲĸĸǲܳɹġ
ⲿһУҴ壬иıϣ
ôǶǴֻˡ
Ǹʱ򣬻Ѿڣ½ֻһλʵۣһһ壬ܱȼʮλʵۣʮһҪá
ֻҪҲϣһֱڡ

ˣбź鼮߽һ
̤֮СĵĹŵϡ
ĵϣɢĶѷźܶ鼮һСģͻᱻЩ鼮
һӰУ˷ϵ۾Ŀȴû뿪еҳ
һǰ£ЩżǴΪġ
˵ͷ˵Űɡ
СĵĽЩ鼮ѷһԣʼգĿ⣬û뿪е鼮
֪˶ãźе鼮һߡ
ӵķ֮ϣдšҰ̸֡
ժ۾Щɬ۾Ұ̸̸ݣҰ
һ߽˵£Ҳˡ
ıʿ͸ߣΪıߡ
һ꣬Ķ飬⳯Ծһû֮أȰ˵һδڽǡ
ԣ̾һڱˣʷ֧һǧӸþۺɢ
ӵ֪ǺܶܣҪҪг
εĿһۣѽҪŴɱɱģ飬Ҳұ٣ӡ
ӿŵڵ鼮ɾһͷ
˵ɱҪȶ˼Ķࡣ
ĬƬ̣ʵ£Ĳ𣿡
۾һż˵ʲôģȥʲôǲҪʲ˭Ҫ
һĶ飬˿͸˻λ֮
ϲ϶֮ŷ麣ģϣ֪ʶδ̽һλЩȣ㲻ʲô
ңǵ˻ʵۣأ
ߡӣĹ£Ǹʱжʱ䣬Լ飿
οʵϵȨȣϧԼ
ʵʲô˼飬ʲô
ҡҡͷ˵ûʲôӣȴ˲顭
ʱȤ˵˵
ӵҵĺܶˣһ没ҽҲ޲ߣֻŵΣΪŵβץ˺̰ܶٵ񣬻ӡŵֺ
ǴĶӣдҽ鱾ˣǴ½ҽУͨ׶һҺܶ۶ǿԵģǰҽδἰ
ӽ˵ص֮ƺ׼µļƶȣ⣬ӵʡҪһµֽͿӡأ˵Դӡĳɱʡ˻˵ҪڵطԺƺҪúͯѾͶ
ʮͬĵ˵ͷ˵ʹǣð飬Ժиĳ·
֪뵽ʲôüͷȻ
еĹż˵ŵһľڡ
һȻûв볯ĺܶģڳһЩҪΪ佨רŵľڣ¼ǵһΪ
Ӻܿóһľڡ
һŵܶ࣬ľڣҲġ
ӹڣһҳһҳϸĿһʹӰ쿴˺ҹ
ֱɫȫŻϾڣĥһЩ顣
˰ץ̰ٵз֮⣬廹ӡ
ŵ̰ˣͲ᲻¶˹ôʫʡ
ùֽͿӡ鼮ɱ
ҪڵطϽԺѽ̴ĵĺͯʶ֡
ߺ󣬲֮ڣɺϵİ
ҵˣôôɵȾߣƫƫֻΣ
ЩϢԺвϽ֯
֪Ĭ˶ãȻ̧ͷ૵ѵʵڵģ
û˵ʲôʵ˵ʲô
ͷ˵ûûʲô
ǱҰ̸Ȿ˺ܶƫŵ磬ʳҿ۳ıУҲֹﻹ͵һ֧ʾдˣ˵
һ׮׮һƶϳŵпҡ
ŵǱҽ鳩ʫҲĹӦ󣬷ҵ
ûиκ飬Ϊ֪ҵĿֲŵ֪Լ֪ܣһ仰д
㲻дһЩֵֹĹ£ҲǺܵĵġ
ͬʱҹ
һС;磬Ϣչ
λ֮ϣ࣬Ű
֮ӰȻǳسǵݣȴС
˷ֱԴңԺʧܣͳΨһѡ
һƣ˿
ݷʮ꣬ڵȵ˽ա
ԭΪֵ֪ΪΣȻԸʷãԽȫľڴϡ
죬ʵߣֻ
ûʲôǡ
ķ⣬ҲǱѡ
ңȫվ󣬾ǸʣΣ
ʱ򣬸Ҫ棬͸档
Ҫǲ棬Ҳ԰桭

ҹ˯
ݼ֮ʱɽԵһֻ¹֪Լϲʳ¹⣬㽫˻
¹ȷȴһ֮ζҪϸĴȥζˣŰô
ʳڶ࣬¹ʵ㲻϶ζ
˵¹ȴ塣
ʮǰĴϣһͷ¹
״Ԫͨڶ࣬˴֮һֻС¹ʲôԵʱԼ˵ȴȫ
һͷ¹ΪֹԹóԵһͷ¹
Щվ˲֪٣Ҳ֪ʳ¹ζ統һͷ
һͰ¹ѪŽ֮С
⼸£޼䣬һЩ׷Ϊһ¹Ѫ


390 ʥ֮
λسŵͣ˼졣
漰µļƶȽֽӡˢĸռǣܶϸڣҪȺá
һ֮ǰЩ飬͢ǰ첻˵ġ
ǰδеĳԣ㹻õĳЩ顣
ȥ˰ģӸʿջ˰
ŵڸѲ飬鳭̰ҲʤҲ˹⣬ԴӦǹԣʱڡ
Ѿʡˡ
һǰλԱɡ
ܴʡҹһ㶼ʡĶ
ŵȥμҰݷһ֪ھеķչҲܲǰһ֮ǰ竣Ҳӵвǰ̡
ʡĳ÷֮ڣ࿴ŵʵĲȥطѲˣ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ûһƵļƶȣһˣѲ鲻ģʵµļƶȣǳ֮
ûжԣĳãȷܿһˡ
ŵļ˵һһĹְٵٶ̫ˣƷ֮ϵĹְʱڲλá
ŵٲ⣬ƷƷ˵𲢲
ģΪ
ҺͷΪѵƿ̲İֻѲطɱ̰Ϊƿ˿
ǰɱɱȨ󣬾뾳ʵڲУҲѹȥ
ǰһǰʥҪͻƣѾܿˡ
ն֮˵ʵʵ
ݷҵ伮ʥ֮ƿðʥ֮
Ҳ˵ɷɱһλĵʥֻߵλʥ֮ͬˡ
˵߸ʵ֡
С֮Ȼֻе徳ΪһˣλһЩǿ
ǣЩСѾȽ˾ܣʵ۳Ϊ磬Ӧǲƾˣ˵ССҲӵȨĹңĻʵۣҲвǡ
Ҳǲԡ
ҲüһһƷĴԱ֮ȨˣڴѾˡ
ӵƷʵȨģҲҶࡣ
ҲɱûʣʣµĻǱµ׶ӣ²ûܶǶ֡
ҵȨҲʣˡ
鱨κĴȨҲⲻ˱ɱˣԴӴ½ϿʼȨѪٵĴԣȨĺƽپͿʼˡ
СĻʵۣͨλȫ塣
ʵ۲λͳΪ˱˵¶㵽Ҳȫɱ¾ǿҪǵʲôĻס
˵ٵģǸʵۣȨһЩȨпǵĻʵ۳֡
κĻʵŵ˽⣬Ůʱ¿϶ġ
Ϊ̲ɣŵҲȥһ̲
ϵĹְ̫̫ӣҪ͢Ҫ񣬹Ӽ˾ҵҪԺؼѧڿΣѲʷҪȥطලѲ飬̲ıְˡ
ڳܹ̲͢ԭֻһλɣһλŵڣҲӰ̲ճת
һЩ̲ѹľڣֿ˼
ϰŵ˵Ҳ򵥲顣
Ҫ˳ϣܵõҪϢ
Ҳаֳܸġ
̲÷ڣŵϣһʧٰľڡ
ʧٰǳýӵģöûвϱ̲
ʧٰһ㶼Ƚϼ֣ûĻѲ飬ǰ
ŵ̲һۣ˵ȥʧߵļһ֡
̲Ȼԣʵ
Сʱ֮һֽ߽ŵ÷˵ˣ˵֡
ŵֽ˵ȥæɡ
ɻ뿪֮ŵĿڴȡöͭǮϡ
ĽЩɻ
㲻
ʧֻһͨˣѾ뾳ңֻҪԷڳڣŵ㲻λãҲ㵽ŵķλ
ˣŵҲ㵽ʬķλ
ȴûн
ŵָһ㣬ȻûκθӦ
ĿǣԷİ֮⣬ŵΪ̫ǳӦ̫Զľ롣
㲻㵽
ŵдֵֽؼң
һۺָ˶˻ţڳƫϷǧ⣬ҲԶˡ
볤ǧѹŵ㲻
վ㣬ǧ⣬ѾǴˡ
ŵ鷿ҳһŴ½ͼǧԽڡ
ԽһСʹģκԼ˵ЩСǴ̵ͨıؾ֮أԽнǣڶɽͨв㣬İգٿܳ
ŵʵܲԽ
Խʹڴĵģ㵽ľλãͨ½棬ԽæѰҡ
ڴĵҪԽǲ̫ܷԵġ
ҪԭǣûзԵʵ
ƲƲ죬˵ȥܲܡ֣Ϸô˵ҲҰʥһͨ˵λкѣԽƨطϷָһ㣬㵽Խء
˵ţͿʼָ
ĳһ̣ϵı΢΢һ䣬ָĶҲ˼֡
ָĶԽԽ죬üͷҲԽԽ
ŵʵôˣ㲻𣿡
ЩҲס𼱣Ϸ㡭
ָĶѾ˲Ӱ
ŵҾ˽⣬ܲ
üͷš𣬵Ծ㲻ڱҳ֣еС
ʱ˴߽ʵôˣ
ŵ˵֮΢΢ҡͷ˵ԽĻºѻˡ
ŵˣ˼͵Խλκ֮䣬͢ԭԹžԵƿأݺҷ֮󣬵ɸ㶦֮ƣУԽ͢κֵģдĺͳӰӣһ磬˴ƺ⣬˭Ҳκβ˭
½˿ڷ֯ԽѼ鱨ǺпܾԽֵ֧ģЩרŰܹƭİգǵļһǮ֮󣬻Ὣκˡ
ŵʵǳ͢ܣ
ŵȻ֪Щ飬ǵιةģ֪͢Ϊʲôܡ
ԽСҲһҡ
´ķּԽΣҲܹɱԽԽǺκɱȴĻǿĴô룿
Խڷ飬ֻͨ⽻ֶ
ȻȴǴ½ѾĬĹء
뵽ʲôüʵԽе
˵ԽȻûеκУԽұκ֧֣κޣֻǴԽ˿ڷ飬пܺκżҵйϵ
ԣ΢΢۾żңѹ֡
ŵʵҵǸżң
˵ͷ˵ǡ
ŵѧңֹһεĺżңţ϶Ҳ塣
Ѳٶʢ
żңȴ졣
Ҵֻʣ¶үżҲ˶Ұʥλ崫˸ʤǵһҼ塣
ƺʶʲôüĪǣǻ캦Ĺ
ŵʵʲô
˿˵ΪϷΪżұų⣬û뵽Ҷû䣬ʹӵơ
ҺżҵĶԹҲۡ
Ϊ̲ɣȻ鵽˴˰ŵͱ봦
ҵʧߵļˣǵĻ
лڣŵʮơ
ù͢ʦЩͬʱŵʡһ¹ԱԽʹ棬ܲͨٷ;˳һ
ķݡ
κʹ֮ڡ
κȻѾţķڣκʹݣȻõ֮һ
һλԽʹµ齻κʹǫʵˣǰæˣӦλظ
κʹһ飬ͽӵһߣ˵ԽֲĹĳһССĺ£ʲôʲôԽ͢ķţ
λԽʹ˵ͷ˵¹֪ˡ
ǰ꣬ĺµҪĸҾܾ
ǰЩСͬһ㡣
ʱͬգ˭֪κĹһսĹĹκѷ˲ֹһʱ򣬱ȻǴݿ࣬ĹϾҪˣԽҪĹ͢ӣ

԰
ŵոմʡԽʹݵĻغ
ںҪǰæ˵ҪԽʹίľܾˣǵǣԽСҲǧ˿ڣǧѰһˣͬ룬ҪķԽ΢ˡѴ
׮ӣͺԽ͢йϵ
ҪˣҲһܼ򵥵顣
֮Ծܾ£޷ǾãĲǰĴģκвԹ˲ϾҲԽô
ĳ͢ҲȷԽô
ǾͲͨ͢
ŵˣʵԽ飬еİʥ롭鱨мɿţ


391 ĸı
ĸÿδƵʧٰϱ̲
ŵһЩõЩʧԱ֡
֮󣬷ЩʧԱ൱һֶԽйء
鱨֮Ϊ½һܵ˾Զ֮ȡ
Ҳһ͵Ļ
ܵ˾Ǳ½ģְǰмܴĳʮ꣬Ĵڣȴ׷ݵǰĽ֮ʱ
ʡ
üͷд£
ŵδ͸¶飬ͷϱ̲ʧٰаڣ̲֪Ŀ¸࣬ĿŴ˵СкҴİա
˿˵ˣǣϾԽλ⣬ֱ͢Ӳ֣˿࣬ʱֶҪֶֻܶشԽϡ
ŵҲҪԽϲС
ԽʹţѾ˺£ŵ࣬ʵ˵Խһ
ô֪ģ
ԽλüҪģκ䱻ĹƿأԽвı飬ȴǲõ˵ģڴĳ͢ҲǻеĻܡ
˵ŵĸףӴܡ
飬û˾롣
ҲǱ¸ġ
ŵûϸͣҲû׷ʣ˵ͷ˵ȷд£ǷֵʵֵЩˣκֵԽ͢
ŵϵһͼ˵κ֮ģ·˽֪ѾΪǵĿܣԽ͢ҲǷֵģһδб䣬Ŀ»ٶС
˵ͷ˵ĵǶԵģʵϣ͢ԽָΪ˱ֻ֣û뵽Խ£״Ӵĵȵꡣ
ŵֱʵҪôܽӴԽֵ
ྪȵҪȥԽ
ŵ˵ͷ
ȥԽӪЩܺ͹ƭʧ˿⣬һҪĿģҪͻƵҰʥ
Խϣֻʦǿߡ
Ŀɿ鱨Լռ谭ȷЩ鱳еǿ߲룬Ҽпǵҳ֡
ֻҪ֮ܽԷŵǸľ磬ӵƬ½ʵ
˼Ƭ̣˵Խ֮£Ǳڰи𣬹ʡͳ죬ĵӣǵĻҲ
Ƭ̺
ʡ
࿴࣬ʵҪǾĻã
ҪãŵҪá
࿴˿վԵŵδʣתߵһǰİȡһݸŵ
ŵֽӹаƴСһ̵İǣֻߵһ壬ϻһЩֵͼ
ŵ𣬶౧˱ȭ˵л
һȥԹ֮ǰദԡ
Թ֮ûŵ
Ҫֳ̬ȣǬࡣ
˻ŵ˵ֻһã಻һ׼ƻǵãֻǷŵ˽⵱ص
԰
Խ֮У֪Ҫã֮ǰȻٲ˺ͷһ´档
ŵ֣˵ͼ̵飬㲻¶ԴС˰ֵֵ
˿ζʵλ˹ǲǡ
Ļû˵꣬ŵ֪˵ʲôҡͷ뵽ȥˣҸҵٹ꣬Ǿ͸öˣңС棬Ҳܸͦɵģܿͻ֪
鷨õ飬ȵʶ֮󣬷˾֪С˵жˡ
Ҫ̵ķ˵ŵҪ

£зһЩ顣
ʡµļƶȣ͢ļԱɵÿһݣÿһء
һμԱΪ꣬ڼ䣬ڵĹԱ֮̽
µļƶȣڵطԱ˵ˣζǲ֮ǰΪΪһһڼԱƤӵ¡
һԱϳ£йԱǨܵӰ졣
⣬ӼҲʼﱸĹѧĺͯԿѧԺǶʶ֣Ϊÿṩ͡
˼Ҷ˽ӣڹѧмһˡ
ƶ˵ȴһϢʶҲ˵ÿͣԺԱˣһ죬ʡһ˵ʳֱˣôܲռ
飬вۣܿ죬ͱһըϢǹȥ
յĳϣԸʸ
ڴģʸζŴʸ
ʸҲǷ˻λ֮
Ϣں̵ܶʱ֮ڣ𾪳Ұ
֮ǰĻаλӣʱڣֻʣλ
ǳû䣬ʵкܶ˶ǿġ
ʮĴ͹˰꣬ơ
֮ǰֳ˶ԻλĿȻűԼҲݺãսŰܣȴҲŰս
ȥһ࣬ŲÿΪ顣
˶Ϊ֪㣬Ҫѧɳɽٺ͹һϸ¡
ˣȻһûʲôΪҲȻйԱԸӵأҲıʿһֱء
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ˳

ѶһȻŵʲôˣô˵ģ
һԱڽ糯ʱŰٹٵ׿˵
¶ɫ૵ΪñȶԼ̵һֺ̰汻ˣ
һ߽˵£ˡ
һһһһһһһһ
üƬ̺߽һڣ΢Ц˵ôпˣ
ͬЦ˵˵Ѿкöûָˣһжİ࡭
֮ʱ빧ĹϵãֻλеĻӹϵܲ
Ȼտǲαװѡ
׵˵СʱǳԺʱ
ЦЦżɽ˵ʵ߻֣Ҳλˣǲ˭ϴλһ·С
΢΢һ֮ǬЦ˵ﻰλλλ֮⣬ǻֵܡ
ʵķˣ
˵ͷ˵ҲǣշյС
ļ򣬵ͷҲãλˮĺƶˣղסģǻɣλһĵճΪһ
˹֣˵ǾͶлˡ
Ƭ̺󣬿뿪ıӰϵЦ
һӰӵ߽ͷۣȷŵ˵Ļ𣿡
°ϵĶ룬˵̬м٣ѾΪãѾҪˣʶ࣬Ӧ飬Ҳǲ
ʱͣ˴⡣
ĹܼҶһ񣬵£ڲڸС
ɫʵʲôʱ
ܼҡҡͷ˵ūͲ֪ˡ
˼Ƭ̣˵ȥ¡
¡
á
񣬴÷ڵһϣһĲף
һ¹Ա߽˵ˣ
²ףüʲô
Ƭ̺߽÷Դһ񣬵֡
ʵ£
˱ȭ˵߻֣ѷ˳λ֮
ͷ£˵Щʲô
ûйͣߵǰ˹֣˵ˣǰ£е˺
ͬȭ˵¿ˡ
ĿɨܣĿкȻ΢΢һָܣ˵˿ɷ豾ңҿ˻ỹġ
ûлͷ˵¿ȡ
첽ߵǰϵ鼮ӣƷڶ࣬гңңīңҵ伮вݺңҡ
һǹҵģǰδ
н
Ŀ뿪Щп˵һ꣬ı仯Ƕ𣿡
⣬ޣ̲סʵ£Ĳ𣿡
˰֣˵ˣҲã
ӣ˵ߣ㡣
ʱ䣬˺ܶˣ󣬾нʣıʿҲߵһʣ
սеޣ˵ҲߵģܵʲôҶһ׷¡
΢΢һЦûٿڣеҳ
ңֻһЩżпֻƬ
ⱾҵдϸѾõص䣬һҳͳ׳У缢ƿʵĶ
ûãſڻͣ¡
ȴٳû
˰ʱЩ㱵
Ǳ飬ܣȻ֮䣬ޱϤ磬Щİ
ģôһопǼٵġ
ѵп鹹ģֻǱ˱µһɫ


392 Խ
ġ
ݡ
ء
λڴϱԽ˿ڲڶɽضƽԭشƫƧص˲٣̶Ӿۼڴˡ
ֻݵɽУʢӡ
θӣŶصɭУŷḻľԴ
ЩӣǮ˼ϲÿ굽˾ӳļڣд̶ӵذеͼչӣ˳ǽȵأתһǼʮļ۸
һЩľӣȻʳãҽַ֮󣬷֮˲ƮƮ֮У׾˳С
־ӵļ۸ΪΪ˾ȡ߶󣬼ǲɾΣգһĿɥɽУȻ֮͡
صһ¥֮ڣһӸм˵ƴ磬лл׬ǮҳôóԵķˣ׬Ǯˣһᱨģ
һļЦҶֵܣôʲôȵľӼڳɺȲϡ
Ӻ˼ֱмףĨĨ죬δ˵úȰЩǮĴүǲ
ЦЦ˵˵ˣӴ۸ҪϰٱֹЩǮĴүҲȣܲһɹǬ˻ȥҿɾͷˡ
պ
ӸżӰİɽСϣɻʵƴ磬˵񶼿Ҫ뿪ˡǰԽ˰ɣ
˰˰֣˵ô˶ݵɽɾӣôľӿɲɣȥԽܲɵĸ࣬㻹벻լȢˣĻ͸ߡ
ԣҲٶˡ
֮
Խĳһ֮ڡ
ӿλʶãõĴ磬ƴ磬ʲô˼
ӽһѵĲϣЦļдһţͷȥ
־ŭ㣬ǰܣͲ¹ٸ𣡡
ӳ˳ǣٸ˵ٸ
Ƭ̺ӱͷڵϣ˱ˣҼҵ㲻ǲ֪ôӰ
ӽŲϣ˵ûҲУдţ˵дǮ׬ܽйʮˣҿԷȥ
˲ʵҽвôأ
ЦЦ˵ﲻǮҲвˣַҲûãֻðˡ
𣬲
ȻֵǮĵĻӵģĸƢΣѪܾȻˣҲһݹ°ɡ
ˣôңдһģ

ʱӴż߳Σ߹һͨ
ͨ࣬һЩСηÿηУһ򼸵Ӱǻץηդధ󣬻η䣬ʹİ
Ӹո߳Σһӭ̧˵ãȥʮˣдá
ӡ֣ϵı̵̱࣬ͷ֪ˣϾȥ
߻صΣһηѡʮˡ
ʮ˿Ϣ٣ϲвˣƭͷ˵ūҲûҪҲ˷ʳ
ʮ˱棬ˣ˵
ˣȣһ֮ڡ
λŻ棬Ӷһ񣬹ӣ£˴ˡ
УһӣֻƱʢ˵ɫľҺ
һλӱ֣ߵǰָֻƱ˵Ǹѡһǡ
˶һۣȻǵĿǰΪֹ֪ʲôֱǣⱭƺȲá
µƣݲѡ
ţ˵Ÿʲôû˵𣬺Ȱ
ǹӲδˣ̹˵УһǶƣһû˶ƣһڱѡûǱþͿ뿪ˡ
ɫ԰ףһģһľƣ֪ûѡֻĹ۲űеľҺ
۲˼Ϣ֮һѸٵһһʱѾˣֻܲĶʣµһɫȸղŸӲ԰ס
ӿǳɵӣߴٵŸʲôȣ
ȱ˻һĻ·
ҧҧͬʱٱоһ
ߵһλߣЦʵ֣˵˭ȵǶƣ
Ȼ׼ģѾ˴˳ԼҲ֪ıжıû
˷еĲ豭ָٵ˵ĿȶƱˣһ࣬
һ£ǿסеĻš
ӿһۣ˵ȥţһ
ޱȵߵ棬ոԺվ˵ӣȻ˲̱ڵϣ岻סĳ鴤дڴڵѪܿͲˡ
ߵһˣһĻȻ˫ȶȴ˽ٺϲá
ãûǱơ
ĿŻӣʵƹ£ңҿԻؼ𣿡
ӵ˵ͷ˵İɣһԾŶ˵뿪ͻ뿪
˹ڵϣ˼ͷǧллƹ£л£
ЦЦûж˵ʲô
Ȼ뿪ȴû˵ȥ
ȥ
Դ˵òȻܸ߼˵мˣκūͻǿԵģģһӶȥˡ
ǹߵ棬ŵϵʬ壬˰֣˵̧ȥˣȥ˹
˵꣬ٴߵ֮ڣ֣̾żһλʥȻˡ
˱Ŀԣ΢΢ǣ˵ⷬá
ʱֵ֪ܲܰһ
۾ʵʲô
Ц㣬ܻá
ҡҡͷ˵ڵΪ㲻˵ָ֪ң´游㡭
Ӿϲл֡
ڷֽʣոдִ֣

Խ
ԽΪңͬԽ볯͢ԽȫûȫƿȨҹʮ֮أֻһĵԽ͢С
ݣֱԽڵռݡ
ΪǾͺڻֱռݣ֮أ˴֮以ĦʵطΧʱᷢ仯ʼճֳ㶦֮ơ
Խݣĳ䱸ɭϵɽ֮С
һĿںţɽлص߿֮ϣԿɽеƽвٱڲ
ǰǾĴӪ
ǾͺڻΪԽжԽ͢κǾǴڰз֣ڻıгӰӡ
ǽӪկ֮ǰӰȻ
һһ٣կʿֻǰһӦ֮еĳǹָˣߺˣ
ǰǾĴӪʱʱ̶̿жѲߣܿ죬˾ͱһΧס
ʲôˣ
ʲô
ΧһȦıλɫȻӳһ˵̲ŵǾڣ
һӳֽӹӳĶһ֮ɫ̱Ȼţ
£ʹҴܽӪկ
ĳӪڣһеӣһ𣬽ӿڴ˿Ϸ죬һ϶ϵ·Ҳȫϡ
Ƭ̺Ӱ߽ӪӶŵ˹֣˵ˡ
ŵҲ˱ȭ׽
֮˶ڴԷ
λ꽫ϣһֺƣƣŵһκ˴ԹشĵʱݸܹǱҵϢ
ֻ֮˸ѹȸУϴλ컹ǿ
ıΪӦе徳ˡ
ҪսгɳԽҾ֣ʺޱҡ
ŵﲻϣܵ˱ҵϢ
˱֮⣬λϣһ˸оʮеϢ
Ǳ֮ˣȻҵӣȻΪңҲеڶ
ŵʱķųһҵϢһ̣꽫ϵı飬Եı仯ˣ
б֣˵Ѿ˳͢ɣŵ֮󣬰׽ֱ׵ʵ֪˵ˣкָʾ
ŵвٰգƭܵԽεԽΪ˽ǵġ
Ŵ£׽ɫ΢΢Щ˵˳Խ̫˽飬ǣ漫֮㣬Խв룬κҲ漰У԰ǾҪǣܣǳ͢ԸԮ
ŵ֮ǰʡѾ̬ˡ
ԽǶĹңҪԽ͢ϳ
ԮĿܣҲûС
ĵⲿӣκ֮⣬Ҳ߾ƣһ򲻹οܵıˣ޷ġ
Խ飬ŵֻԼ취
׽Щε˵Խ͢ڻǾʵģǾ徳ֻһˣľԼаңڻλ徳ľԼһʮˣԽκڱ֣ӵе徳λҲǵ˵Уκ򡭡
׽ʵŵֵֺĸо
һθܵСʹĲࡣ
ִʱһССִ壬ס˼ʮλʦԽΪһң徳ֻλǵĶսҲͺҲࡣ
ȻⲻҾܵԽ
ʦϵһа٣վʥ˷룬޾ľӣܻþ
ӵб£Щ˶ǵ;ʥҲݱܷâ
ŵӰ׽˽⵽ǾԼ;䣬ڻԽϣӲӲǾζġ
Խ͢ԸϷˣ˱һ
ǲԸϣҲֻдһ·
ƾŵͶˣܽô˴Խȥֻгɨƽ·谭ܴɴеĿġ
ŵȻʵҲƥоӡ
ǰҲ֡
ͬΪԼҰʥȣֻں塣
ͬ׶֣ǵĴͬھ
ڶԷ֮ǰ׼ԼԷ˵а˰٣˰١
ŵߣ𵽵ĸá
µǣҪ򣬵ִ򲻹
͢û취ṩĻŵֻԼҡˡ


393 ŵ
ɽ
деɽӰɽΡ룬ǧ徺㡣
ؼؼշ壬ֱ죬嶥ƣɫʤա
ڣȴΪ֡
ĸǿڴˣھһᡣ
ǰεᣬڳɳٰ͢ģȴһִʢǴʢĹȻЩɣܵغӡ
֮죬ûζ
͢ڴľٰϣΪܣٰ̣Ҳ״Ƶ
һִ֮˸оΪһ˵Ĵڡ
ǳ͢ԱֶֹأܹʿһƬкĸ򣬺ʦǳ
֮ᣬûг֡
ȥִ֮ɶЩһ£Ժᣬվɻھٰ졣
񻪷塣
һСԺ֮ڣŵһŮӹ˹ʦ𡣡
Ůӿ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵츳ԣϣǿϧˡ
ŵЩΣȻҺͷҶѾ徳۷ˣڵڶ
һ;ûʲôݾߵģƾղ
ŵʱ䣬;ˣȥһ꣬ûô
ŮҲδһ߸԰еĻݽˮһ˵Լ·Ҳʺġ
ܹܵŵڵϢȻ츳ֲֹ츳
ڵѾﵽ˵徳徳۷塣
ϵ츳ԣ˵ֵһġ
ò˶ãܳɳԼĵزԼ
һʱյĵӣԼռ˱ˡ
ŵ֣ᰴС԰һʯϣʯҶӣۿɼıĴ࣬ˣ԰ڵĸֻ䣬ɫҲĸ
Ůʵũҵ
ŵЦʦǰ׳ˡ
ŮӵһţʦĴתתɡ
ĸ֮⣬ŵһλʦ㣬ҲѾʮˣŵǵĴ£񾩣飬嶼תת
񾩷嶥һ㳡ϣвӰ
ŵڹ㳡ϣһ۾Ƴ˼λˡ
ǰþò
ǰǰҲڣλǰĽ裬ǰˡ
ţ
ŵڣҰֵģδϵھнᣬɵʦڴˣʡһһŵˡ
ɽɺɵһʦŵ΢΢һ֮Ҳ¶Цݡ
ˣ
þò˰
ǼղŻ߶㡭
Ϸ꽣һָָ̡

˵һʱΧŵߣѼ֮󣬺ܿ˹㳡˵ע⡣
ĸɵţǣ˴̫֮Ϥ˶ʶŵٰ͢ĵһִᣬ˼̵ӡ
Ϊٰʵ̫ʱλˡ
˵ܺͳýϵЩʿӵȨ͵λһ֮ƶġ
д轻һЩˣҲʱͣе飬ŵк
ڵĿģΪ˽кȻȻĵ
ɽɵִ쾪չʾһԼԴһ׽ŵָ㣬һԹĦ
ŵȻΪֻеڶۣȴں˴ĺԹ֣ʤǰֻһ飬ָ쾪׽Ĳ֮ҸϸĸĽ
λʦ۹䶾һ۾Ϳ˸ĽǰĲ죬ܿʹдչʾŵĽĽ顣
ֱպŵͲμʦ̽һ
ǳǳ͢ǰξִٰᣬҲеĻǽҲڡ
ɽŵ֮һ̨ףɽŶŵ˱ȭ˵лСѣСԺʲôõŵĵطܿڣɽ䲻ڣҲԸ΢֮
Ļʵϴξͺŵ˵ˡ
ֻ˼ұ͢ǿʦţʲôõǵĵط
һֱǷţǷĸˡ
ŵʵȵľ仰ЦЦ˵ô˵ҾͲˣ˵м飬ǰæ
ɽˬʵһЦ˵СѲÿ˵޷
ˣһжرŵǰæһֱǷ飬з졣
ŵģһЩİգ˹ƭԽ׼ǾȻ鳯͢ò֣ǰæ
ŵǰæģʲôΥ飬֮£ɽȻûʲôԥģҲûʹӦ
ʱɽɵ쾪Щ̲סˡ
Ҫ˵ʶŵҲʶģ۹ϵӦøΪ׽һЩǣɽͬǷ飬ѣԹ֮
ţ˵Сѣæɽɰˡ
ŵȭлǰԽѺǵĵطʦ򣬻رأһɽɿܲҾͷĶˡ
ɽ쾪֮ɵʦҲֳܱĬˡ
һ˶ݣ˿װûԵò壿
飬ôٵǺɽɣ
˶ӥҲһ
ԽģץҴĵˣøǵɫƣǹһ

֦ͬɽɽվ󣬺ɽɽ̩ɽȻɿš
мɵʦڣ˷ˡ
һʼֻһλʦɣлй˼ɡ
ϾԽˣʦ˵ҲкܴķգҾΧֻ·һ
һȥǵɾˡ
ʦʮλܰѳ֮СȫˣʹǰʥҲûʲôµġ
ЩŵûʲôϵʦˣڵʦҲѱֳĬ
ŵʦĵӣڵˣѴû˳һԿ֣ñЦŵġ

񻪷塣
Ůӿŵʵòҳ֣
ŵæòãͷʦλʦЩǰʲôġ
ԽѾһλңʵòʦ
ȻҪԭǣ漰ʥǰס
Ҫ֪żҲҰʥģһʥǣУżҵİʥͲҳˡ
žִᣬŵûѶٹ򣬾ҡʮλʦ
ǿпҲǿչʮλ徳
ǾԲôУȻڲͬľ֮ڡ
ԽټϳֵĺڻܹҲλʦ
ʮ壬
˭֪κûԽĵŵ˼ȥæģһʲôʧû취˵Ž
ΪԷһŵȥһԹ
ϴ뿪ԹʱŮʱҪٿִᣬ˽
Գ͢İЧʣټϳﱸʱ䣬пܻûн
ҡЩһʧˡ
һҪԭǣŵǺͺˡ

Թ
ִỹսԹɵʦǣѾ׼سˡ
εִᣬԺʹڵʦд裬˶Сջ񣬴ȥúΨһźǣûм輫ߣʦҲҪ̡
мλΪԭʦޣҲΪΪǸ˹Ѿãصлȴ

˶֪һ˵лŮʱ¡
˺ͰһͻƵ徳һֱ飬Ůʵİ£ڳɹĽʦ֮Ҳͨ
֪֣˵ǽãͼˡ
һ֪ҪعüȻ΢΢һĿԶ
һӰڼ˴㵴žϲıУתһȦ
ŵºļˣִ֪ûУ
֪ҡҡͷ˵ûС
ŵ˿˵Ǿͺá
ʱȣûʱ´棬ŵȥһԹִ塣
Թֵһʦŵ׷Χ
ŵûʱƣżɽ˵⡣
ڴĵʦǣԹʦǷ࣬ŵָǸ಻ǿ˺ӡ
˱飬˱Ͳ֪ô飬ŵ֮Щʦ׷Ӧ
ϾԽ˵ʲôΣա
ʮλʦɨԽˡ
ο˵δĻʮλʦһж͸һʧˣܳᣬʹĵʦд轻һ
Լһŵðʱ䣬㺢ǣȥһʱ䣬ǵʱޣٲСһ飬ǿ»Ὣˡ
ȵԽʱŵʹԹǡ
䣬еʱ䶼׸˹ңʱúֲһˡ
Ȼǲܹһ
ΪѾ㹻ŵûðͼ˸ţһ춼벻ǣĸҲһչ˺ӣŵԹһʦһȥں˻ϣȻһͬǰԽ
Խ
ݡ
߽һӪµļλûǸԷһ棬֪дʲô
üһʵʲô
һ̧ͷ˵д鰡ζȻһ̣ܻܲŻ˵ٲдܾˡ
촽˶ȴʲôû˵
սǰд飬ʲôɥΪǾеĴͳ
սѪȶпģһս˭Ҳܱ֤ܻдΪ˽£ҲΪ˸롣
ԼûдıҪˡ
ǹ¶ûмˣʦҽ󣬽飬
ʮǰʦԽλãԴĺҪԲױκ߳ƿأǧһǿʮꡣ
ûʲôҪʦġ
ˣʦҲ֪Ϊ˴Ķ
ʱһ첽߽˵˻ˣ
΢΢ͷ֮ת߳Ӫ
ӪկڵһƬյϣŰӰ
;ӪȻղͬЩӰԵøɢ˵Цŵ죬עĿǣЩ˶ǰ׷ţݵĶܺ
ΧİǾˣ׷¶ɻı顣
ΨΪ徳ҵİûаɻ󣬶ǳ𾪣Լš
Щ˵ͶܴˣɢѹȴðͷƤ顭
ʦ
λϵʦ
ⱲӶûôʦҿ϶ǳ͢ټôʦǿߡ
ŵʵˣǡ
ŵ׽˵ԽЩ˵ĶԮ֡
ŵĻ
ԽһҲλʦӱ
һλʦһܶԸӱ
һλʦϣܽǬǬ
ǶԸԽģ
ţ
ץŵ󣬽һߣصʵˣʵңǲҪκ


394 ݿ
ŰһԾԾԵı飬ŵε׽ȱ𼤶
һλʦȷССһκ
ǽĽʮһλʥκǲá
κ֮Ҳټλʦ
ȵκع㹻ıߵǿߣһλʦãûôˡ
֮䣬һսۣܶԱʮڰıľʮϰλʦǰʥǰҲԵ΢
ŵͺ󣬰ԵЩʧȥκ
ŵ֮ôʦΪ˼ٰǾûھôţŰ׽
ҵ徳ڲֺıϣȻ֮
ţ˵˾ͷİɣϰⱲӾûôԣ̣ðţɾˡ
һλʦһλʦĴ򷨡
һλʦһλʦĴ򷨡
һλʦʲô򷨣һ·ƽƾˣ
ۺʵֲȥκǾҪһˣȥ
߻Ӫд飬𳶹ǻûдõ飬һ˺飬дƨ飬дˣô꣬ʹ죡

Խ
ݡ
ڣԽ͢Ͻݾڳפһͬʱһλ徳ıڹȥʮפ͸ݵİǾĦ˭Ҳռˡ
ǾʵҲҴٽݣΪԱ߻һڻһСģͻᱻ̵
ݳ⣬Ӫ
һƥɿĴԶʻƮӣſڵļڱ̴򿪴ţ۶룬ϵʿǬķ첽ܽһӪϥأǾȻѾռ˵ء
Ӫ֮ڣһеӻվϲûʲôŵı顣
صλ⣬λݱ߾׹ء
ʮǺͰǾһռݣһɰǾռݣѾһĬÿ˽ʱصһͻߣԱ
ԽϵǾ˵ֻһȺҾزܱռţʱˣ͢Ҳ
ͷʵ˶ˣ
Ǵűˡ
ӵ֪ͨһ͵ڶرӪ
һ͵ڶǧˣԸ˴´࣬ǰǾǾҲܼãȵԮֻ߰ȫ˻رӪ
ܿģǧ˵Ķ飬ƺƵĳӪء
Դٶȣʱ㵽ء
뵧ػʱһڿնվһžĶϣӻȡһͲ״ǰسǣƬ̺󣬳˳ǣ˵ǾûˣǴεϴС
ǧﾵѾΪ˸еı䣬˴ͲÿζգԶҲĴ̽顣
ʱؼеʵΣ
ǳ⽫ڵİǾңлкܶϱκѹ£Ǿľ񣬶ĵȥˡ
ս˵ͷ˵󣡡
£ǧʿֱͦ壬һ΢ӿѸٻ۳һǿҳɱ
սϵһϢǧ˵Ϣں֮ĸΪǿ󣬼ԶҲܸܵһּǿѹ֮С
ɢӣ𶯲ѡ
ʱ򣬰ǾѾʳɢˡ
ǧĲسſʱسŴ󿪣ΨһֻεڳſڣһӰ𵶵
⽫ǵӰֱ̧ۣĲȻͣ¡
ϵİĿһ˿ɡ
ǾĽȻҶһܲѰ
ͰôĽ֪ԷԸ񣬴ԸȣӲûа֮£ö֮Īթ
ĹˣóȻж
оɲʱĳУȻһϢ
ⰺüһ
ʦ
ʦ
ѹְԭǰǾֶһλʦ
Ϊƾλ徳֮ܺǧӲӲ
ǧǰʦҲ޷ıʲô
ܻɱ𣬰ǾȺףʱڣҲγսԽһٻ
дͷʱʦϢȻֶһ
ⰺɫ΢΢һеλʦҲı䲻ʲô
һ̣ʦϢ
λʦЩ֣СһЩͬԾ֮
иոͷʦϢһһһĴӳڳ֣ͬʱһӰҲӳ߳
ЩֻԵɢڵϢδʲôѹ
ⰺϣڴ˿̳ЩãȻ
һλϵʦ
Ǿʵȥκˣصؾֵóһλʦ
һ̣Լû˯ѡ
ֻ˯֮ʱһΣⰺεºܣֵʦڣ
ⲻΡ
ҵ徳ôֲܷʵΡ
ⰺ֣ժԼͷȻͷڵϣԼҲ˳ƹ£˫֣˵Ͷ
ʼգûһԻһֱӹ򽵡
ǧʿԭء
ûأôȽˣ
߽һ֧ӵĹǣʧȥ˵徳ı֧ӵʵҪϡ
ǧγɵӴƣ̱ʧһ롣
ʱϵİֻǻһεǰѹȶȥǧγɵıƣͬ쫷ɨ˲ͱ䣬Ҳ۲
һ̣г޺顣
벻֮꣬ȻгһλʦָӣһλԻ͵ʱ̣¶һλʥҲĽɱ
ѵ
ѵ
ѵ
ͶıƱɢǧ˵ĶУʼ˷±ͷ򵹣ܿ죬ײһƬ
ǽ֮ϣӰ·
ǰһĻŵ˵Ȼûʲôġ
һٶλʦСĵ˵ǧӾ
ΪСĴ۴Ŀ꣬λ徳ԽҪš
ŵûжȡʲôʩղŹͶΪһʶʱĴˡ
ֻҪһλʦڣ˵һˣԽоʲôˡ
ǾԵʵѹơ
ŵߵĶʵżλԽ𣿡
˵ͷ˵ԽʼޣȻеҴڣϷѾʲôҲ㲻
˾֮⣬ŵĿ֮һżҵҰʥ
ҰʥöԸİʥˡ
ȻĺöԸֻǶԡ
ͬңҵȣΨһֶξ
ңҵİʥһһĻ
ԼһٶԷһ
ԱΪۣǿͬ׵Ԫ
ΪǵģĴ۸٣ڵ徳ʮֻ࣬һܻȡʦʮǼʮ󲿷ʦֽ
ȻΣҲô
û˻ķһ
ʦ£͸ΪˣҰʥһﾳУﾳ֮£ǵӰСԺԲˡ
ŵΪǵ徳۷塣
ҲֹһΪǵ徳öǰԹҪȡŵһҲøͬ
һҰʥûκвˡ
ڵѾǼǰէָʱеԺ
ֻģλżҵҰʥ㵽飬ǰ뿪ܻͰһˡ
ԣûʦ
һзǵҵİʥҪԸ׾ܸ֪
ǰô˵ŵͷˡ
ŵһۣЩû˵
λʦıʵܸܵģϾǾľԪҲɱôʦżҵİʥ֮㲻Ϊŵ
ǰֻһЩȥѡ
ϣѾγһС
֮ڣеᱻڸǡ
Ѿע飬Ҳᷢ
ˣԼӲѵ
Ψһˣ֮ڡ
ԼԤ֪˵Ҳ𽥱ģ
һˣûΨһŮߣʱ̵ǸŵߣĴΪľгһգŪеԭ

ڶԷ߽£ݵһǾһһ¡
Խֻܹ͢ƿ֮أÿפһд󲿷־񣬶ڹݡ
ݵһԭشŵʮλʦأͬʱѰݳڣȱյݵĴİա
֮ˣǼƽ
˶ǰ֮⣬˶շУٶȼ졣
һʱ󣬹һͶ
ְʱһӹܡ
ʱһڽ죬ھӪ֮ǰʾ
ݣһССԽʱʱԽ͢ƿ֮ݣ֮⣬Ͷ
ݡ
ǶԷ֮飬һ֪
ʹ֮ڣһƬƽ
ԽʵȻѾƹܳ£סڻʹ֮УȨҲɴڡ
һпƱ仯ʵһ
ĳ֮ڣҵʱӰӹ߳һ˻ͷһ۵ڵһƬ鲨ˣ˵ǻҵҰ
ǹЦЦ˵ϲҿΪ׼Щ
˰˰֣˵⵹ء
һ£ʵ֣ϴ˵ǰһ֪ûУ
һ£飬һˣһȥʣռʱ㡣
ӱȭл֡
뿪ʹһĽӡ
ûãͣһլۡǰ
߽լۡصԼķ䣬ӳȡһֽ㣬߳ţȣһԺУʯϵһ߹˹˵游
һżδ˻죬Ϸ򲻹ܣҪиУװ׻ķ츳
̵֪ˡ
˶٣ſڵǰӦԽӣ游һʱ䣬æ
δ˵ֵ꣬߱
̽дֽݸ
߽ӹֽϵһ֣żҵȻһģȴóպлᣬҪӶлǵ
˹ǡ
߿Խӵָ֣΢΢˼£üͷȻ΢΢һ
Ȳʵ游ܻã
߷ֽһָ
΢΢һ㶣һꣿɣ忴ʮֿ
߻һ졣
˵ɴ۾һ죿
û˵ʲô֪ΪΣȻһĸо
ΪңĪ
ٴָһ㣬ûзʲô쳣
ִӻȡһףöͭǮͭǮڹ֮Уһ
ͭǮ̧ͷա
Īǣˣ


395 һʥΪ
żԽ˶֣һʱ֪˵Щʲô
񣬸ղŻһ۳ֵѣȻֻһ
Եߣʵ游ɲΪʲô
ҡҡͷͲżóģ˵ȷԭ
뵽˶ӣȷ࣬ż᲻ʧȥλѣٴοڵûʲô취Ըı
ߵ˸θɣ׼һ£ϻκ
Ȼûʲôĸоȴǻ֮ȥ
ǲˣԽ
Ұʥֱ
żһ£Ҫȥ
ߵһʱʰһӺ̡
һӵʱ䣬ʰżȻûʱȥ֪ͨ˶ˣæصԼķ䣬򵥵ʰ˶˸ǰһ
ʮӰѾˡ
ʮ˵ϣĲûһǵڵľģΪ׵ϣʦϢ
Щ˲Խ͢żҵ˽˻
ҵ䱻ҼɵȴȱԵж㣬ǰʥҲľڷɡ
Щ˵Ļ֮£ܿʻ˳ţŹٵһ·С
żںȻκгɻ󣬿游ʲôû˵Ҳϸʡ
̾һ˵˶˶Ҳ㣬รɡ

ʱ۵Ȼͣ£żһȣ˹ڳƿüʵô¡
䣬ıʹϡ
һӰǰ
һ˲䣬ԺиֵĵһͷǣЩ۵ˣȻҽżҵ
һϣһֻݵƿǰĵӰɫ䡣
ʦôʦ
Ŀǰһλߵϣɫ˲Ӻ³֡

ƵĶŶߣҲĸֳ֮ɫ
ŵλߣ˿
ңȻ򵥣һο¾ˮ
Խ͢κֵģΪǣκ߾ֻвһӵκǾû취׷ˣ֣κ޷
Ŷ򶫷ͳΪӱ𣿡
˿˵˸У캦Ϸ㣬Ҳ㡭
Ŷʵʲô캦Ҫģ֪ǲǵ
һЦܷ֮
Ŷ˿ǰʮλʦƾԼЩǵһ֮УżҹӶλʦɫ԰ޱȣѾ䤱ˡ
Ŷλʦ˵ϷҰʥ˭Ϸ֣ϷȻҲ汳
ʲôҰʥ
һʦĬ˺
ڵ徳˵Ұʥ⼸֣ЩͷƤ顣
˵ҰʥҲɱڳˡ
һԼأ
Ǳ곤ʦиǻţϢ˵
ҵ塣
ŵЩʦĹǣ֮ԸΪôʦʥҲȫԲ壬ʧԼ档
ҰʥĹʵģҲûа취ǰƴҲҪ汳ЩʦٻмõŵͶǰȶȡ
ǧѾܸˣŵա
ŵˣȭ˵λǰ˳ǧ⣬ｻҺͶǰˡ
λʦԣЩ̫˼ŵһλɫЩǣʦܣ㡭
ŵЦЦ˵ʦģǰҲǵңܱҵġ
λʦŶŵ˱ȭ̷뿪
ȻЩ¹ԼܲΪ飬Ҫˡ
ܿ죬ǧ֮ڣֻʣŵͶˡ
ŶŵЦһ˵Сӣ̫߿ˣϷҪס㡣
ŵȻ£ҵĹֶȻһȴӵоԵƣ޿ɷ޿ɵ˲ű˼ɵ
Ŷߣ΢΢һЦ˵ҶҵֶκܸȤǰ¶һ֣ҼʶʶҰʥʵ
Ŷˣ֪ߵغ񣡡
˿Ѿ˿
Щʦȥ˵ǻġ
ҲʦµǺηʦ
֮Уʮλ϶Σӡ
ǰˣĿ
Ǽʮλʦ˵ǧ֮⣬ëͷСӣԼǰʴʡ
ȻˣȰʮ֪ҰʥǰĴۡ
Ҳûɱ
΢ҵϢ֪ͶʲôϵɱĻһŭ˶ԼͬھⲢҪĽ֡
ⲻ֪ߵغɢϢʮԼûʲôʧ
һȻ˼ж
һ̣ŶȻһվȡ
żɴ۾һ֣游
ղһ˲䣬游˲ࡣ
ŶͷԼ֣Ҳֳ֮ɫʧôܣ
ڸղţʧ˽ʮԪ
ԷʮԼʮ
ôܣֻаʥͬĴۣ
ѵǰʥ
Ŀˣϣκŵĺۼ
·Լʧȥʮ꣬ûжκӰ죡
ȫ߸Ŷ֪ʹԺ˲Ŀհס
ŵһ۷䣬ԭһǧٶ۵ʮ󣬻гһǧ꣬ʮѣѲһؾ׬
ŶѾָʶɫ԰ޱȡ
ҲΨһֶΣǰ˵
ֶõ£ֻһͨߣͨҲɱ
ĵӿһ־壬ŶָŵЩɱɱ
λʦڣʮżҵĻûһжĬĺһ
λߣǺһҰʥȥɱߵˣⲻ
ŵǰ߳һŶСӣҶϷϷͺͶͬھ
аŵСû취ѵ˶
ܸܵʣˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôЩʧ˲ԪԼʣԪ㹻ͬھ
ŵһʱѹָǿ߶Ըң͸ͬھ˲öԶ㡣
ʱЦЦڵСӣù˼ϷϷѾˣһҲԵ𶫷ҵڣԺҺúչͺˡ
£ԭֻǻ׵ͷʼѸٵıס
壬ҲʼЩվȣŵţſվס
ŶϵҲѸ࣬ЩվȣһţһָָŶŭӣӣ
ղͬھĻҲֻвѣյĿģҪ뿪
û뵽Ȼһ
һ̣Ȼͷʡ
ŵҲ̧ͷκķ
ֻһʻֻ˲ϢĹ򣬱ӰŶԡ
һˣһλµӡ
һˣһߡ
ŵĿ΢΢һΪߵòȻŶһģһ
ɫأ³֣Ź¡
żλҰʥһӣʱûٺͶ˴򽻵
һǣŹԵӣɢŵģʥϢ
ŵҲע⵽λӡ
Էĸоʦ
һССԽȻλʥ
ԶԹʹֵʦǣɫҲԽԽأǧɣҲܸܵǵϢ˭Ҳû뵽Ϊǳɵ񣬾Ȼͬʱ漰Һʥ
в˵ĽŲ˶ջûиҿ
Ź·Ŷ˶汻ŵŵĶһۣѯʣҲ֪ʲô顣
һ磬Щ㼸ԣȻûʲô쳣ֵģڤڤ֮УԤеԽĵܵܿѡ
ɣһλżңһͬǰ
ûж˵Ŷ֣Լݣ𽥱ĸΪϣŶϣЩƣȴʼʧ
ˣһĳ׳ȥ
һʥżңƾԼ޷ӦԵġ
;ƿݣﲻŵʲôæˡ
ԪŹºŶֵв棬ɻһλʥ
ŹµԣλµӣŶˣĿһ˿ɫ
ϴܳ͢ȥ׷ɱˣ·һλ¡
ͨϵ£Ȩ֮Ѫٵ飬Ȼɳ֣Ҳӵƻ񡭡
û뵽ԽȻּĿꡣ
ԶһۣʮλʦȷЩ⣬ȴʲôвӡ
λκʥŵϣûκξ֮ɫ
˵ܳҲһһӣһͷһͷģʡ£ŵʡһЩġ
ǰѡ֮ʱû취ʡˡ
ŵŶʵһ깻
ĶѾ˥˵ʲôãʲô
£΢΢һ𣬸оʧȥѸٵĻָ
ת˲Ĺ򣬾ͻָղ׼Ŷͬھ֮ǰ
ûн
ԭȫ׵ͷʼѸתڣ̶ȫ˺ɫ
ڴͬʱϵƣҲѸٵʧܿʧһʣ˴ֱֹ꣬ͣ
һĻĶλʥ
ŹŶֵܣš
Ǹղţ˵ϣܵҰʥϢ
Ȼֻк̵ܶʱ䣬ȷʵҰʥ
ı仯𾪡
ԪľĶӣٵ˸Ԫɣ
ˣѵ޾Ԫ
˿̣ŵҵѾʧ
һʧģһʮ
֮ǰĲ²ûдҪһʵҪķһ졣
ټϸǰһ꣬Ĺͽ͵ֻһǧһٶꡭ
һĴֻۣʩչһҰʥֶΡ
ŵûԥٴοһ
ոջֳԪŶۿɼٴ˥ϡ
Ѿ˥Ź£ʼ˥ϡ
ܿ죬ֵܾͱнľţֱˡ
ӿһĻΪʥҲͷƤ飬ɫ䣬ڡ
л˵
жᣡ
ɷͨ
嶯ʲô

ŵλʦ˼뷨
ֻŹŶֵܸʮȴٽʮ꣬ÿһζһΪʹãһ졣
һĹٶ
ߵҳĶֶ࣬ͬϣ»һ
жǰڣʱƲʲôˡ
˵ŵһЩҪ
˲ޱȵżֵܣоͬʱּΪίΪʲô飬Ǳ
ϴǸˣǿ֪ʲôԼΪ¡
аŵˣһֹҰʥֶΣʥԼȴûκӰ졭
絽ôˣ


396 Ұʥ
żλҰʥĿϣѾվֱûˡ
˼ɵģǶ
ͬװʥҲ֡
ǵԪݽߣһ;ߣҲ׵նɱǡ
ҰʥǸǿİʥͬʱҲİʥ
˵ĿλصˣѷĲ
˵ᣬȻӵ˵ֶΣˣĪʥˣ

Ŷܿܡ
ʥˣԼղͼʮʱ򣬾ͻ̱С
ʥˣóôٵֶΣôʲô鶼ûУ
ŵ֪˵뷨˿аûڲѡ
ҰʥΪöĻһġ
ԼֻҳʵһһΰʥΪҪʮֻһγֵĻᡣ
ղŶǰһЩ֣ǿʡʮꣿ
ң뼸ǰ޲һ쵱ãָͷһ˷ʮꡪ
ܽʧȥܹġ
λҰʥѾûʲôвŵȥԽǣٴǡ
һԲĸŵͶߡ
ʵߡ
ʥа꣬ûһѹ׵ֶΡ
ֻҪȼղ־Ѫ˲Զݵǧ֮⣬˺λϻҰʥӦ
ûӡ
ֻѾ˷Ĺȴ˲꣬Ѫޱȳ㣬ⲻʲôٵöˣŪ֮ǰôأ
ⲢĽѣĻԵ
ĺԹʦǣ֪ղŷʲô飬鷢չķȴǰ˼⡣
һģһҰʥϵʱҪײģΪһλҰʥֱʣλǰûбϣ˼ʮꡣ
λκʥǸһλһģôȻ֮䣬վһߣ
ղ׷ʲô飿
Խ
ݣżҵĸۡ
ǰŹǣ
֪ˣ
ֻҪΪ٣żңΪţƾǰǲ

ŹŶֵܹڵϣŵסİ
˶ı仯֮˵Уȼܵϣ֮
ˣȻǱΪߵǰ
Ƹλϣ붫ҵ𣬺Ͷʮȣʲô
ֻҪٻʮ̤꣬Ǹϵľ硣
Ǹʱǻ֪ԭҲ࣡
ÿһλҵı׷ΪˣԸ⸶κδۣ
ŵǣ΢΢ҡͷ˵ҷŹǣ˭ŹЩżҺ޹գ
ݵݣԽݵľӣǿơ
Щ˵ĿУŵѾ֪ȫࡣ
˰թƭ棬٣ǿΪ潣ɱ˵ѪȲҵԽ֧֡
żңԽ̫ϻʣԽңҲҪǵ
ǲк޹գѾɹ˵ԽңԼǱżңÿһ˶ۣϱѪծŵʲôʸŹǣ
ŹǣҲζų׷ҡ
ŵ˿Ϊһ˿̣ҵֱ֪տһ˫˫̱ڵأ׷ġ
ֵܶ˶һۣͬʱֳһ˿ԳЦݡ
һ˵ˣȴԼġ
Ķǣڿżҵѡһ·ʱ򣬾ӦϵĽ֡
˵ı飬ѾָƽŹ³˳ǣʵ졭ʲô죿
һ⣬ö˳Ĭ
ŶЦЦ˵ֵܶ˽ЩǵΪһУǳ֮ʱǰس֮ʱע
ڳʮλʦΪʥӣŶĻ϶ֳЩã
Ź»ڵأϵıЩź˵ϧҶ˵޶ۣȲ棬ԴаȻܿʥ;޷࡭
򶫷˵ʶһ֮ǰϷ顣
ĬƬ̣˵
Ź´ȡһƵ鼮˵żҵԭǽ㣬żȱѪϣܰҴԵ֮ˡ
ͬΪϾеңܹ뷨нӹⱾ鼮ԡ
Ź̧ͷ˵һ¡Ҷ󣬰ΪһĹʥϣǵķǰǣǵ굽׿ʲôˣҶ˾޺ˡ
ҲδԥǸʱϷûбɷӵĻǵġ
л
ֵܼѵ̧̧֣΢΢ȭһ̣˫ֱĴ䡣
ͬʱµģǵԴ
ΪʥԸʣ΢ĩԪҲԼܵС
Ǳ鼮Ҳһֱĸо
ͬżҵλʥ
ֻǴǵϣԼ˸ҵı
ңңߡǿĸ࣬ĸԶܿǲٿ˶ηǡ
һӿУȵģһĽ֣ͬɶ˻
ôһ죬Կ֮࣬󣬵ʲô̱УҲûʲôˡ
ŵĿżλʥʬƿǰõķ䡣
ΪһΪʧʮԪѾ˻
һһΪʧʮһλֻʮꡣ
ڵķҲһЩ仯
ĵ֮ڣʱʱ֣ʵ֮䣬ŵϵϢҲʱʱޡ
뷨Ұʥֻһ֮ң
ŵ򶫷˵ǰҪ̱չأｻˡ
˵ͷ˵İɡ
ʱ䣬һֱŵߣһЩ̣Ѿġ
ŵ߽ŸԺӣԺš
żλʥѾżżҵʮλʱѺŸĿ⣬һֱվĺӡ
Ӵ˴֣Щִٵ˵ʵżҵ˲죬ֻȥżŹһЩ⣬ҪԽñһ·Ҳþܾûж⡭

Խ
ݡ
פڳȻ֮䣬ס˲ݵгţκ˽
ڴͬʱһ־ӣ˲ݳڣֱʹԽʵۡ
Խ壬ȨҲں̵ܶʱ֮ڣȫ¡
ݳڣĻ̻̣ǶڼУŴֵϿһˣֻڸլۡУ
ôˣѱˣ
ǻ˻ʹҪ䰡
ҸղŴŷ쿴ЩӺȨҲץˣҪˣ
κأ˵ǿ߰бôû

ڲݳڰգһͻ״¼ɷ׷ʱ
ŸԺ֮ڣµһӰ۾
˵֮ǰϣ˲زסķâ˿̣ķâգ˿òڣףƺҲûʲôֵע֮
ڵķѾʧ
ʧ
ΧУһָΪȴ޴ڡ
ķ֮
λʥ֮ڽ˷Ұʥ
ŵܣֻȻһƺһˡ
ƿԺţӰſڵ̨ϣ󣬷׷
΢΢һЦ˵ϲ
ǺҲ˱ȭ˵ϲݡ
ŵĿ̽͵»Ԫժ¥¥Ϊɣ
ŵüͷ˶ժ¥
֣İ
ժ¥һۺԵĽ֯ǵҵ֮㣬ѺͻӶɱ֣̽ϢѰϰֻ˽̽ڳʲôģǵҵΧ֮ڡ
Уŵժ¥뼸λ֣ûǿִ᷽㣬Ǹı⡣
Ԫ͵κˣһֱסκżʵ̫죬Ҳɺһ¶ûж⣬ݲҪᡭ
ϴ׷ɱ飬ԪȻһֶû˵
ںܸмλˡ
Լֵܵ³³
飬ڶһӡ
ŵ˵չص⼸ʱԽʵۺͻңѾץˣȺ㴦ãǾһЩ죬ڲݳѲ飬ȱĴİա
ŵһ·ѼڲкİյϣԽңûһ޹ġ
Ϊĵ̲ɣŵʵûȨԽʵ۵ġ
˵̲ˣĻʣҲûȨ
ڷΪ֮󣬱ѭֽϵķɣҪѭģΨԼз
ΪģȻҪͰǾĽˡ
ίʮ꣬һüһ֮ڣƷԽɨڻҲ˳ֵ顣
첽߹˵ˣѾնǰķԸԽİѼ˲Խҵ֤ӦʲôһλµĻʵ𣿡
ǺӵģȻԽҲܽ䲢ģԴСԣڵ·硣
õİ취Խһλܡ
ԽʵۣκĿܡ
ǾƷԽȻҲҪһλǵĿܻʵۡ
ˡ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ﲻҪʵˡ
֮ǰΪıץȥѪٵԽʵѡλ
ֻǽιȨԽϻ壬Ȼ֮ǰȨʵ۱ˣӵߵķɻȨ
һΣŵҪԽΪ½ϵһûлʵ۵Ĺҡ
ָоҰʥ
ŵ룬˵ȫʾԽգʱڹſڹԽ壬ȫǰǰ񡭡


397 ʱ

Խ
ݽͷ
Χǣʹץ˰ʵڵһڻ塣
Խ꣬䶯Ⱥ۸ݣѾܻʵ۵飬ǵһη
ԭΪһ֮Խʵ۵ΪȻûĻʵôǿ󣬵֮£Ҳڵ֣Ӧôױܡ
ϧ֮ǰԽΪԱλʧȥΪֻܳΪ׵ĸ
ݳУǹԱȨ󣬻ͨգڼУŲ
ѱ䣬屻ץ֪ǻ᲻ڳɱӣ˵У˶δĿ־塣
ǵĵ飬ûз
Ѿ֮󣬳ץ˻֮⣬ûΪѰա
úһŸʾ˲ݵĴС
Ǿʾ磬ǻڹſڹлʵۺͻ壬ȫǰǰ
кͻʵǻʵǰġ
ֻлʵбˣлʵۣ
Խգ½İ˵һ¡
һӣ飿
˵ԽңнǸŭԣӺ䣬ΪϷӺɫ°ŮӻعȨһ֣ͬŮӲԾ
ǵ˵˵ꡣ
һʱ䣬˶յĹ˺档
һ֪ǻôлʵۺͻ塣
ڣ˼ҵƿ֮УЩʾǶǣǲȥǲӣŭǣ϶ûԼĺùӳԡ
ľսһҹ֮󣬵ڶջʱȺͿʼʹſھۼ
ǰĹ㳡룬һӰԴԻʹն
ΧİԽԽ࣬Χ˻ʹǰĹ㳡ΧĽʵʵˮйͨ
ǰŵЩˣǻ𣿡
Һ񿴵ˣѵҪɱң
ɱˣϻ廵ˡ
֪ǻ˭һλʵۡ

ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ʱӳǽ֮ϣƵ졣
ȺȻֹΧš
ڸ̨ϵЩˣͷϵĲƿ·İգִһȻ
ʵ۱ڣԽ绽ٶϻ壬ȻĹڰյǰ
Թǰչʵۡ
лʵ۹յģ
㳡֮ϣһһλеľľ˵ʼ
󣬵ȴ̺һĴڳ˵ĿС
ղΡΡǰҪ£ȴһε˵عкԩ飬ʵ˵
Щԣ׷׿ڡ
״껣ĶӣǲСĳײĳݣͱɱ
״˶Ů°裬ǲԾ˾ǣǽ˵ȥɱ˲ȫң
Ҫ״ƽ
״ˡ
ϻԼ׹ݣȨƽΪݽ棬Ϊбµıӻٸ飬Ҳû
ЩյĻ֮ߵһŹŵĻǰʵЩյ״棬ǻʲô˵ģ
Խӣ㲻ɱң
ûȨԽ飡
ƣȵ۸ƣŹңʲôԸ㣡

ԽЩ壬Լ飬Ȼʮ
ֻǣǰǸ߸ϵĻ壬ʲôóеκκ
գΪǣȴΪ˱˵Ľ⣬ʲôҲˡ
ߵǰ𼸸˵ЩȻûʲôñ粵ģдն̣
Ļ£׼õĹֻǰ

Ҫɱң
Ҳ
żеĹͷ̧£㳡ڰࡣ
ղŻ˽۲ݵİգҲĳĬ
Щƽ߸ϵĻ壬ͷڵϷǰĵ棬ҲѪȾ졣
ˣЩȻˣ
˻Ϊ˸ԩԴ
ߵһӵǰƽ˵Խ飬ΪԽʵָۣʹԽܹ죬飬ն֮ǰл˵
ԽʵȻЩ㲣ɵλϣʼհͷ
۾ܿܣҪɱɱɡ
С֮в֮ǰȻҪһ֮ϡ
ŵ߿һֻǰ
ŹڵϵӰϣֳЩ
ǻʵ۰
ӳиҵѡһУҲû뵽гһգеĹͷȻܿ»ʵ۵Դ
ҵڰϿˣҲгϢˣ
ݣ
󵶻ƿһͷ­߸ߵķڿзһξ֮󣬹֮⡣
ǰۼ֤һĻԽգ̲ס˺ü
ŵǿͷ­ǵԺһƬհס
¡ˣ
һ֮ȻѰﷸһĿ֮£˿Դ
ʷǵһΡ
ԽĵһΣҲǴ½ĵһΡ
ۼ֤һĻԽգвһֵֺĸо
ӹ񣬸ֲһЩױ
Ȼûܾ˵⵽һʲôĸо
ӹɵǡ
ʱˡ
þõĳĬ֮ЩԽյУŷǰδеĹâ
Ⱥ֮УʼһһĻһ˸߹һˡ

ġ
ʡ
ҶվǰͬһԽӼߡӡ
ǾѾԽ˳ǧλİգͨ߾ǻͻع
ڴͬʱԽͺڻǾܣȻɢ顣
ζţѾʵƿԽ
ߡ˵ŵԽǣԽʵۺͻ壬Խյ棬ǵԴˣԽѾûлˡ
ߡдÿһϢö𾪡
Ϊŵֻȥ˵ģû뵽ȴֱƷԽȨɱԽ塣
˵ϣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ΪңϿŵΪ
壬ǻʵ۱ˣӦɷ֮ϡ
մ½ȨЩˣȴô롣
ʹ
鷿
Ļڿ֮Ϸһš
Ŀմʳָʶû棬૵ҴģҲһλҰʥ𣿡
վϻ¹Цϲ£Ҵֶһλǿߡ
Ļʻͷһۣϻ¹ٵЦȻֹ
ĻʳĬƬ̣ڵּ⡭

Խ
ݡ
Խ֮ŵû
֮ǰΪĳԭԽѾһʵ˾ܣʡԼ͢ƽ˺ܳһʱ䣬Խ͢ĹԱŵûж
һЩվٱ̰ﳼܵ˴Ա֮ǰʲôλãڻʲôλá
ĵĸֱ䷨ŵһһ˹
Խֻдļô󣬺ܶڴĲе飬Խȴס
ԽеأչУ·䣬ҽֹ
ڴģҴ۾һԳ͢ʵЩ
ԽҲк壬ӹǶϵĽ˴󲿷ֵأûˣ㻨С
Խ̫СˣЩ飬ΪȻûͻƵʥ
УŵԸоΪɶ
編ƣٽСĻʵ϶ͷ̨Ȼ֮Ӧþ㹻ͻˡ
һӰ첽߽ڣһż㣬ŵˣѶ
ŵӹǷż㣬𿪿˿һߡ
ʡģȴԱµĿǡ
ҪԽһλµĻʵۣԽ͢ĹԱȫɴĵˡ
òײԽû˻ʵۣͷʷĵ
Ƭ̺ŵߵԺУڿĶǰ
еż伮˵Ҳǵˣýǰ
ŵȷЩвǰ֣ڶ£ʵ˵Ҷ֣ܴܲĻʵۣ
Ҳû룬ҡҡͷ˵ܡ
˵ֲ꣬һ䣬ԺϷǰﲻʲôæˡ
ŵΪʲô
ϷµģУԪֻתһΣϷͻƵʥ֮ǰʩչ
Щ飬ŵδ伮п
ΨһĹֶΣԼ˵ԪʩչԺֻˡ
ô˵ĻʮʵҲʡ
ŵһۣʵĹĻʵۣ
ŵҾʡ
ҡͷ㻹ǳɣͬʱҺͷҰʥΪҲʵ۵Ķ֣ˣ׼ֶζá
˵ǼλʵۣǲǵĹԸͨİʥҲһжǵĹ֮ϣһһģڹǼڲ֮أܴǵģֻ¡
ŵ֪ʵ۵ǿ󣬵Ҳû뵽ǾȻǿֵز
Թ֮󣬵ǿԺŮʱдд裬һʵǳ
ŵת߻ط䣬Ƿװŷ⣬ڴĻ˲ָ糣
Ƭ̺½˵յŵʱ򣬱ѾԽˡ


398 ǵģǵĺ
ݳ⡣
ŵһʦ˹֣˵лλˡ
ʦǣ׷ױȭ

࣬Щʲô
պвǲܷԸ

ʹԹʦǸ֮ŵĿ뿪
ԽһУʱ䶨
Խڣв˿ڷΪ潣һϵкڲԱܵ˷ɵĳʹУǧͷء
ŵ̾ϢǣЩ˾ڴġ
Ϊ棬ͬƭܺߣǵ֮£ֻƭͬ
ȳһˣܺߣҲǺߡ
㱻ͻشģҲҪܸĵ顣
һԱκͳǾʱ׷鲻ǡ
Խͺڻɢ±ƣǼλ徳ıңҲŵֶշ
һЩǷ£ǳʱûнҩǵ徳Ҳ鵽ζҩŵ˰뿪ˣҲܱ֤Щ˲ٴѱ䡣
Ļʵ۵ŵӡ
Ĵģвڲ顣
ŵԵİ˵׽ͽˡ
ɫȻ˵˷ģʦ˵һзԸǰĳˣԽԲٳµĻʵۣ
ڽӵ͢ǷŵʱҲյʦš
˵Խ飬Բ˳͢ֻŵһ˵ľͺá
ŵʱѾ֪ʦࡣ
ڰ׽Ļûκλɡ
ļ˵ĵΣʱ򣬻ΪȣֻҪ˻ţϣʹڡ
ЦЦ˵İɣĩź˴һôġ
ŵ˵ͷԵĺӣݲ𣿡
λκʥժ¥ĻˣŹ¶ֵ󣬾һֱǡ
ŵûж֡
ʥҰʥżֵûԪʲôҲˡ
ԪʥȻаʥʵ
ǽƵƵһŵԶǰͰǣǵñȥᡣ
ŵɱʵȴ޷ˡ
ʥƻ̫ǿҵĵ֮䣬ֵһ
οʱҲûжԴ˳ֵɡ
ԪЦЦ˵ҪȥԹժ¥ԹҲ⣬ȥԹ
һλʥҪȥŵȻǹܲŵġ
ûˣͰָ붫ڿնת۱ʧʡ
Ԫûԥ̸ȥ

Թ

Сһű׾Ĳӣڲݵȥ
°ͣһССӰɵԳôŵԽԽˡ
һʼʱÿСһû
ԽԽŵҲԽԽ
ǼŵСʱģǸʱͼˣҲڲݵȥһ̣һλضʮǰĸо
ܼңʵү㿴ģ˵ԳǲǺŵСʱԽԽ񣿡
ܼ¶ڨڨ֮ɫūʹˣԲãүСʱʲôˡ
ߣԳãҡͷܣֻɺϰɡ
ȻҲɺδ̫ˣʱϿҲǲܵ顣
໹ǲɺϣüûʲô̻̥ʱ䣬ֻһ²õӤ쳤󣿡
Ƴһַۣ
ʱȴһ
ѽѽ
һֻǺ«ҧһڲŵ˵ⲻʲô£ֻôҪеʥΪ
̻̥ʱ䣬Ӥ㳤޷ǾʱŵĸһЩ
Ͱ˵Ԫһĵ
ʩչĶǳˣӿʱţǿ˥ϡ
ʩչĶ̥Ӥӿʱϵţǿٳ
ֻҪ̻еʱ䣬ӿӤ󣬲漰Ҫҽҵİ֤̥ӤڳɳĹУܹ˳ĳ󣬱ӷ͸ӡ
ԣĿٴԳ
ҰʥԹʦҰʥ
ҽҡԹģҽҡ
ʱһ̧ͷȻʲô֣磡
ɿܵŵߣ˿ɻʵ磬үүأ
ÿүүŴһȴûп
ŵߣ궫ҪһԴĶ㿪˭ʲô
ͷϸֳһߣѾͷүүʶˣ
˫ֲŭðүү
ŵһ˵үү
翴˿ŵֿ˿꣬һãȻ
ε̾˿Ƭ֮ϵٴγ֣ͷҲĻףͨԪʹԼĲϣеļֶΡ
Ϥţɻүүղôˡ
ŵߵǰ棬ĸһʵԽôˣ
ŵѾԲˡ

ʱѾſ˫˹ŵһһ˱ǡ
ԳЩһֱں棬ôҲŵ˫ۣ
ԳһڴӣŵֻýҲֻһĺӣŵܺƽЩ
Ƭ̺ҪԳʱȻȵȡ
ŵĿʵôˣ
࿴˿ŵֿ˿ԳĿǵƶ
˵Ķһޡ
һ֮ǰʮƶģҲ˶ҡ
ûбֳʲôҡͷûʲô
ŵԳ̲ס࿴ۣ⺢ӣԽԽˡ
ĺСͤŵܿĸ˺ͺǣ´Ƭ̣Ȼʵ˺Ͱأ
˿ĻУ˵һڻʹĲ󿴵伮һŲ鰸
Ȼ̧ͷŵʵ⣬ʵҡ
ŵ̹Ȼʰɡ
˿۾ʵԳǲ֪ĺӣ
úõģô־ˣŵε㲻ңҲԼɣߵʱ֪⻹׵Ĺѵӻеӣֻ£
ڳΪŮ֮ǰһֱ֮ŵ˶ܿ
ΪŮ֮ȻЩˣʱ˵ͨġ
˵˵һҵֶΣ̻̥ʱ䣬Ӥ쳤󡭡
ŵ΢΢һ㶡
˵һֶΡ
Ұʥ˵Ƿǳ򵥵顣
ֻҪٸһҽֶΣȫӤһɳ
˼˵㲻ãԳ̫𣿡
ŵһʱ˳Ĭ
ˣ֪ûӵ飬֪𡭡
ŵٴס
ȷʵӵ飬ʵС
һ뿪Թʱŵÿ϶ͬΡ
ѵ

ʹ
鷿
֪ڵͷ£Ȼ̧ͷеߡӣˡ
ŵ߽˵ͷ
֪߳Ȼ뵽ʲôĿٴŵµĴȻʵͻƵʥˣ
ԭܿŵΪġ
˿̣վͨһ
ΪܵˣǾֻͻƵʥˣΪ˰ʥܳڲԼϢͬ׶޷
ŵûзϣ֪ԣҰʥĻʵۣĲ࡭
֪΢΢һЦ˵ð
ŵ˫գ֪ߵĿռ䣬·𱻽
ΧһεŵҲڻ
ܿ죬ŵͲǿҵ谭
СһΧҲ޷
֪ǰһȫɵķ㳹ױ顣
ӰϮ
ΧǴһεϣеķ֮ޣûдɢɴķ֮
Щ֮ѸپۺϣγһǲϺݺ¡
ǵʥһ֮£Ҳˡ
дһεĲһҲΪ֮ɢ
֪վԭزŵ壬ȴ
ǰһһֻƣѾؿڡ
ŵʩչ֮ȴûκá
ֻýʩչԼϣ˲һξ룬һ̣ӰҲȻŵؿڡ
ŵжĻ˿̵ŵҲˡ
֪Ϊһ죬Цʵô
ŵ˿ķڷĻʵۡ
ǰ˵ûдǷҵİʥĻʵǰҲû˿֮
ߣ·һԵ
֮ڣǽ޵еġ
ҪڴΨŵΪķʥ
ŵʵǹ̶ģԹǴģΪᷢı䡣
Ůʱ뿪ԹҲͱͨİʥǿһ㣬Ըһʥû⣬ͷҵİʥսʤͲһˡ
ڲԹĹһڻʹ֮ڣ½ûʥˣû
ͺܶˡ
ŵ֪⣬Ȼˣʢȥ
ŮʱµϣԲһ˿ңҿŵ𴦣㣬㿴ʲôǵġ
ŵЦЦ˵ҲûʲôֻԳǽҵҲҪ⺢ӾһĸףϾںӵĳɳǺҪġ
֪⿴ŵ֪Ѿʲôˡ
Ͼʲôʵ飬˭뵽Ȼĸô񣬱Ƕ񡭡
˿˵ˣոռĸס
֪⿴ŵ۾еľ㵺ţͷ˵ǵģҺĺӡ


399 ̹
ŵɵɵվԭء
Գ֪ĺӣ
Ϊ׵ȴԴһ֪
˼ȥֻһܡ
ѹЩ˵ʵԭǸͲΣ
֪ͷ˵ǻ֮ǴҾɻ飬ҵһ뵽˾㣬ǸʱҲԼ⡭
֪ǲܵģԹĻʵۣܺи֮ס
Ҳܺͱ˳ףΪ˽ܼ̳дͳֻô
֮ʦǰΪˣû뵽û뵽㳤ô񡣡
һжҵĴҿԺǽͣһкҶе

ŵһʱ˵
Գĺӣ̺ٵĵܵܡ
ԭںܾǰ˯Ůʡ
Ů˯
Թɷŵ׷ΣҪ̵ģ
ȻŮʣûʵʸ

Ƭ̺

Ůһá
˿֪⣬ʵ֪⣬㵽Ҫ˵ʲô飬صġ
֪⿴ǣ˵֪һֱ棬Գ˭ĺӣʵǲµûԳʢֵĺӡ
£˰Ŀ⣬׷ŵ
ͻɣԳʢ֮ӡ
ǽ£󣬺ŵҲԽԽ񣬼ٲܣҲò뵽ŵϡ
ŵ촽˶֪˵ʲô
˵Ҳ֪˯бŮʸ˯ˣ˯˺üΣ
ô˵棬ֻ˵ڡ
Ůʱﲻݣͷ˵֣ӦĴûдҺŵĺӡ
һƬû˿ڣǿŵĿ⣬ȴӡ
ԭһֱ
̧֪ͷ˵ǲҪһ֪飬˯֮š
˵꣬˵һţѿڵܣÿ϶Ǻ˯һ
ճڣȻʶԼ˵©죬̵ͷһԲˡ
֪⿴Ǹ˵㻹ǲǵã뿪Թ֮ǰ˯˼ϡ
һ£ʶʲô૵ѹ֣ѹѵʱ㲻ڡ
عգôҵõѣ㾹ȻȻ
üģа̾˰ˣʲôʱܳġ
֪ϸֳ֮ɫ˵ԲһжҵĴǲҪûԲǵ顣
ĬĬĽȴûϵòȻȫļ̳ĸס
ǲƻǷ޼ĸ飬̹ס
ϵı鶼Щӡ
˵У֪ǽڷ˵ĺѣΪٰʢĻ񣬵õѣȴ˯๫һӣ
õ֮һѣӦ
ʵҲûжô
ϾҲǵһα๫ˣл׽㣬žϰˡ
ֻǲޣǲǸĸ֮ý֮ԵޣΪʲôԼŶӶҪŵ
ãзĺ桭
˿֪⣬ͬӡ
ƾĶۣǺܸмŮʱµġ
ΪԼͻʦԳ͢壬ټҵɣһִᣬʼղصĸ伮Ҳġ
๫û˶ôˡ
ƫƫȴǣһͻ顣
ԼʶŮʱ£ЩĽǼʵġ
ĽΪӴ۹ˣӵд½ʵܱ๫ܱӻȫңĺӣ๫֮񡭡
ƲԵŵϢƺ⡣
ΪЩҥԽףԽӽࡣ
Ůʱ£ЩССġ
ͬΪңܹ˽֪Ĵ
ֻҵż˽֪ˡ
úŵڲݵˣļӣ̾˿
֪֮뿪ˣ־棬ԺҲһҡ
ŵĳ﷿ŽգŮڽмͥ顣
ⳡ飬ŵų⡣
֮ڣŮǰ˿ˣ˿ˣ˻࿴˿ջȿʵô죿
˿̣֪ĸǸӵġ
м֪Ϊô࣬Լ͵͵˯û˯๫Щ黳
ϲԸ
Ϊԭδޣμˣзˣˣһ֪Ҳ࣬ܲӰԼӶٴˡ
ղž͸ö֪ģȴ
һĺַˣԼǸô졭
̾˿˵Ѿ췹ˣ˳ȫǣô죿
ΪԼܹ꣬Ϊ˳Űɡ
ϲһʲô֪⣬ܸͬܡ
˵ˣûд飬Ժ֮ٺгҲⲻ˲һЩңΪ֪⣬ҲΪԼ
ˣΪ󸾣ʱ
˿˵ȥ֪ɡ
ʹ

֪ڴߣųĳЩҪĴĿЩ㱡
Ȼ飬ǹʦġ
ûкڹ
ÿ˼ʱ򣬿ԳС·һ
ûʲô֣Ҳ֪ˡ
ſڣһ΢ĽŲ
֪ˣΪŮʵҲֳһ˿֮ɫæվЩ޴룬ҲЩˣҡԲ𡣡
ǣ֣˵֮䣬˵Բ𡣡
֪΢΢һŵ㣬ǻǽ𣿡
ЦЦ˵ǽˣ𣿡
ȻԽƣһΣִӼ˵Ŀ˵ȴһЩǰûеζ
˭ûӵ飬Щ飬ȴѲԶ

ڣŵǵߣɾ顣
ʵûɡ
ǸʱŸոս徳۷ŮҪʲôס
˭뵽Ϊ֪⣬ȡ顣
գǰ˱˵˺ˣ֪ⲻ㣬˭ҵôɫԹŮʶԳ֡
ŵ̾ϢˣͱȡЦˡ
ŵһֱΪ֪֪Ĺϵ
СȻܳɫŵĵĴҪ֪⡣
ֻΪ
ΪǸɽˮʵɽꡣ
ڵĹϵΣҲһֱôȥŵǾõú̹
鷿
ŵ֪ߣ̻صеϣ˼ȴ֪ɵȥˡ
ŵߵǰһ
ҵķе£㣬˰
ŵ˵£֪֪Ƿ
ͼ˵̹Ͻİ࣬ŵô˵Ǭһᣬ˫۲ŵ˵Ƿˣʥ˴˽ץҰ
ŵĿеˣåˡ
̹Ǽ֮ŮʱЩƹˤ˼
ŵϣ˰֣˵ˣҲԿ
֪Ȼת˫ְؿϣ۾ʵҾʲô
ŵ룬˵ǰ֪
ԭֻ֪ıЩʧȻʵǰأ
ŵ
ûʲôĸ֣ʺŮʱµĹϵ
ѣǡ
ˣȻǡ
˵ĺӶһˣپ⣬ƺûʲôˡ
ĸ֣Ůʱµɫ΢΢һ죬ȻʵǴ˵ݣǵõϡ
ʱĵľۿЩʪ󣬽ŵ˵ھ޴ϣί㲻֪жĽǡ
ŵο
˺ˣѾˡ
ʲô̫壿
ʣҲҵĴ
£ǰ죡
鷿

ſڵλŮ鷿Ĵţʵ⡣
ͬһʱ䡣
κ
ʹ鷿ڡ
һŻĳԣʮӰ
κλ֮ϣĬƬ̣ʵλ˭ԸȥԽƽѣ
ԽңκֵĿܣշԽ飬κ͢ѾϤ
κʵĻ£֮ڣɳĬ
ŹºŶˣԪ֪٣ͬףȴ䵽³£˭ȥԽգ
κʳԽڴκҪʱһĹһĹ֣֮պǲڴ¡
ĳһ߿ڵĹκԶһССԽܷʲô˻˴ģջһССԽ׾٣
֮
ҵҪ֪ʱĹ
ȥֻĹ׼ʱ䡭
Щʥ⣬κҲ֪λشʱһ¹ٴ߽ĵݸһҡ
κʴ򿪽ңȡһֽ㣬֮󣬽̧֮ͷˣλʱѵ

ġ
ݡ
Ȼλڴı߾ΪڹһֱǴĵݱ½ݣҪַһЩ̶ӣضҪͣЪӶķ١
һǰ𽥷ٲ١
ĺκԱ֮߾رȻԴУԴԴϵĽݡ
񣬲û̶ӴﾭΪĴսݵգҲ̤֮·
ڻݵģգ޴ȥֻÿ춼ڵжȹ
ҹ
ҹ£ǹⰵֲָ
ӹεݳǽϣһλվڵʿԶȺɽǧﾵյ
ҹǧﾵҲ𲻵ʲôá
Ϊκ֣ÿʮʱҪվڣվһ࣬ʲô鶼ûз
ϰԵſڵϣǽڳˣڼžҹκ춯ʮ
ܿ죬̧ͷһ֮ٴνȥ
ͬӵ洫ƺһЩ졣
վϳǽ̨ǧﾵյǰڵɽС
¡
һ磬Ȼлҹյͬ硣
Ȼֻһ˲ǿˡ
ɽ֮ϣӰݳǻƽ
һ飬¶֮ɫԥ̨ϵĴģͬʱþȫߺϮϮ


400 ս
⡣
ٵ֮ϣһƥ۶һ̳
ۿҪӽţϵʿȴ˿ûмٵ˼ſظڵʿŭһҪƳʿǰһġ֣䲻һ£̷Ըÿÿÿ
ͬʱҲԥתܽڣʱͣڵĳÿ
һƥڳڵϼ۶֮󣬳ɵ˳룬Ҳгײյ֡
ˣµĽͨڳݳٶҲϸƵģղƥٶȣ˹涨һֹ
;İպ棬ʲô·Ȼ˴ʱЩ۲İգѾʲô
ǧӼ
ʱôǧӼ
ĪǱ߾б䣡
ʿͣڹ֮䣬ӻȡһţߺһݼ󣬱һͷԵڵأ²֪
ܿ죬˴ӹ̧߳˽ȥ
ʱ飬䣬ƷϵĹԱ׷ױ빬
֮ϣ˵ɫء
ոսӵݵľ鼱κӣһ෢ҹϮֹݼһ̣ѱκӹơ
ζţκĵսѾʽʼ
ֱʱǲʶĸհԶ
һǰͿʼϱ߾ڻֻǰߵһվ׹أ㶪ʧˣҲ̫Ӱ졣
֮󣬴ѶڻرκٽҲûз֮
ͬΪκĹԶڴ֮ϡ
ܿģһʹӻʹ˳ȥ
¼̰ʹǰԹԮ
κʹѸκԴĹ𣬴κս
壬İʥǰǰء
ӽʼ⻨ϱΪȡ
Ϊߣ֮

Ĳǵһκв׼˸鰸
Թͬ˵Ĺϵκһ⵽֣һԮ
е󲻾ãκʹͱķݡ
սնʹĳ͢δΪǡ
ܿ죬һżҲ͵塣
ҡ
һż߽һص׾ңϥϵλ˵ڣκʽԴģ͢ţλǰ߾ء
λԣ۾
ʵڣҪλӦ͢
һߵ˵ͷ˵Ϸˣᾡǰȥġ
ĵǳ͢ģҲǵġ
ǧѾͽƬһĲڣҲᱻκ棬Ϊʷĳ
һ㣬ʮ
Һͳ͢ٺףҲ޷֮ڶѡ
̲ΪĿĵУΪңûеڶѡ
ʱǿϢҳֱϷȥ
֮󣬺ϵ¤ϵϵ༸֮ء
һεǿϢӸ߿ռӹһ·֮ϣͨգҲӦ׷̧ͷ죬ûɵĸеľ

Թ
С
ŵһϻ
·ѾȲĶ֣̺ԳںŶӣСϳڴ
Գ֣֪ʱûиĹ
ϣŮʱӡ
Թ͢䵽жţͲܿƵˡ
ȥ꣬ŵһֱæڸ飬Ĵڼҳûʱǣ㺢ӵʱ١
ڿԲõʵԪ⣬ܹʱͣúˡ
ԶСͤУˣ˺֪⣬ôճһ
ŵֻü˺ͰһŴԹģû뵽Ǻ֪ദļá
Ȼף֪̫ˣΪ˼˾ִٰᣬΪڳ̵͢ƣΪ׼ͻǺĹϵòŹ֡
˺ͰȲʶ֪⣬ŵԹȻðһôĶӣķչ²ô˳
ŵڲݵϣСһȥǵŵ֮һʱˡ
տǵƯмơ
ĳһ̣֮УȻһڵ㡣
ڵѸٱһֻɫľԺһյϡ
һ໺򿪣һŽݣ
߳׵ļʻգʹҲ
ŵѯʣͼȵ˵κȻݣʽκս͢ʹԹԮ
Ƭ̺Թʹ
鷿ڡ
֪ѾŮʵװ磬Լλʹ˵ǷģĺԹ͵޽Լ£Թ֮
ԹĻԼǰˡ
֮УԹֱ֣һǿΪڴ½㣬˭˵һԼ
Ѿټǰˡ
һ鷿ŵϸֳһ˿ɫʹԶȻǵһģʱ㣬ּ֮ˣӦûû߳ʹ
һ̤࣬鷿󣬾˵£ǰ߼Ȼʢ߾±Ȼͼı
ŵŵ֪鲻Ǳټģǵõ߾Ϣǰġ
Թ֮䣬ֻʢ
ʢĹԽҪûбҪģһλɨƽǡ
ǳԹġ
ܿ죬ټļҪԱ
κִģҹ߾±ⲻɺϣ
ǱȻõģԹԮģȻ룬˼
óȻɱ

ӴǧԮʹһʧ˳
ԹԮָˡ
ĹǿԹԹȫӦԣѱʱȥģȡҲֲԹ
κִģԹ񣬴½ٶĺƽ״ơ

ʿŵʵҪһȥ
ŵ˵ͷûӣҪ뿪ȻҲϧ׻ǴĹԱΣ֮ʱôȻڱ
˺ͰûԥͬҺһȥ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ɡ
徳ΪȻҲսǰʦҲǿһڻҡ
ʱͶһӰϷһ
ŵλκʥκִģΪκİʥһشģ
Щ˾һ鹷Ƥҩŵߣ˦˦
Ԫһ˵ȻϷκˣϷʵǷսԵģκʵϷǿܻЩ
Ƭ̺󣬻سķɻϡ
Ԫ٩٩̸һֱӱϿκ٣ǿߵͲ̫ˣĵ壬ֻλʥκİ˴ңӵаʥʮһλ⣬κīңũңңݺҰʥһλʥǴĵ࡭
λκʥƣܾùֵֹġ
һκˣ˵κĹ˵κʹģ֪ŵλʥͽģ
һҵʵȻȫɰʥǿߵȷܶսֲܴӰ졣
ϵʵļǱذܵġ
ΪɱʥģֻаʥĵİʥˣǺͶԷһһԷʣµĶǿߣҲɨƽһûаʥĹҡ
ŵ㣬ʮλʥƽʮ꣬ټÿζһҰʥҪʮ꣬һ£ÿ۹һλʥҪһ꣬κЩʥܹҪһǧꡣ
ڵۡ
ңҰʥҲܽͬǿߵֱӿ۵㣬ǵС
ЩʥԪ֮󣬻ܻʮ¡
żֵܣΪء
ߵΪԪ޹ء
һʥҲǰʥҺпһ񲻼ƺİʥ
Ǻ
ֻó֮ǰžǿ塣
һóֻõһģİʥ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôǵ顣
ص֮ŵȽԪԼʡ
ԴκֵϢ֮ʡͱޱæµܵϢͳﴦ౨ȥ
÷֮ڣŵٴμࡣ
˸ӵˡ
ŵľЩѣһʱʵԹӦɶٱ
ŵҡҡͷ˵±Թ߾ԹҲڵǲأûԮġ
ϣϵĹѸٰȥڵҲѾʮǲĶϱ߾ǿıѾãĿͬʱ̲ĺԹ
һ棬ŵֻʶ
ڰ֮ǰ˾ѾԤϵһ֡
ĵĴǲ̫ãҲûеɽˮ֮ʱĵǸʱŵҲκʵ۱¼ҹˡ
ʡڣŵϸĿһݷ౨

Ԫ֣Ż԰еĻ䡣
ڷκսʱʵһ
Լ
κˣӦվκһߣԽ֮ºı⡭
κ㹥˴ģҲûʲôʵʵĺô
ͷһŵߣ˵죬һˣҲԼʮ
ȻҪԭǣʹΪС
ŵԼҲܰ
ϣµˣŵǸˡ
֪ǿµģʲôѾ̽ΣȴȻʲôûв
ʱһӰ߽԰
Ԫͷһۣһλŵӡ
һμȴһʶĸо


401 ̥
ŵصʱ򣬿λκİʥں͸塣
ǰԸ˵λժ¥ˣκˣҲ䷴սκԴĵԣҪΪЩʲôҽ˳
˵ͷ˵ǸղѾʶˡ
ŵصֱ֮ӱȥʡûмˣ˲ûá
ŵߺ˼ղŵ֡
Ԫһӣ˼֮˵Ϸһٶ壬ˣǲ
ǫˡ
˱ϾŵĸףԺˣԪ˵һǫ飬ЩӣҪ˶ֽ̲ǡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵²С
ԪϵЦһͣ˵ŵĸףô˵ҲǰʥԷȻ˲ӣ
˵Ҫһκ
Ԫüͷ΢κƾʲôκ
ŵϣԼŸӣΪԼССĴ䣿
κĹǿκĴҲñϹϾġ
ŭҪѹƲסʱٴοڡ
Ҫκʵۣ˻Ѫ֮⣬ҵľѪҲٵЧøãܻɱһλĻʵۣΪһϡ
Ԫеŭһ˲ѩڡ
գȴЩ䡣
ǰŵӣһɺĵӿʶĵ˵ͷãá
ֹʵʲôʱҽҩ
ʵʱ򡭡

ŵص԰ʱ˲ҲûȻ
ģŵǡ
¥ñط꣬һ뽻󣬷Ļ̾СĺܸɣܶôӵϢ鱨ܺܿ
ڴ鹤ϣ鷨ӵеơ
Ǿ÷̫ۣŵŽСߡ
ŵʵκִģûʲôµ鱨
˵˵ͷ˵̽ϢκļƻǣκִĵͬʱӶϷ֣ͬʱԹ߾±ǣƣʹԹ޷Ԯģκж֮󣬳ȴûԼǰ㡭
ŵǵĽˣҲǶôɿ
˷Ҫĺκܾ֮֮ȻκκҪǿ̲ģҲ˽ǡ
κ֣׵̲
֮䣬ȻҲиơ
ÿһͳһ
ĺԹһֵˣʱ˭࣬ȻЦ
ڴ˵ǿһ¡
ͬʱκսһϣûУרĵֿκĵѹͲôˡ


ʹ
԰ڣ۵꣬ںһӶģһλµĹԱ߹ѯʵ£κʹѾڹǰʱˡ
껺һӣŵԸȣǵŰɡ
͹Աԣֻܸȥ
ո߳ʹмӰΧΪ֮æˣô˵
Ǻ¹Աҡҡͷ˵岻ʣǡ
κʹԣƤûס鶯
ΪĻʵֵۣ࣬ôܻ岻ʣ
ѽԼһ֣ͬκж֮󣬳ȴôȻԶţߣ
һκʹȻû˵ʲôѾ˳ʮ˴
˿̣԰ڣԾе塣
һ֮󣬲ʵʦ֣ʦΪκȻı⣬ĽбϵֿκǴӶϷѣȡĹ̽ȡ
ָ֮ĹκҲСκҪǣƱ˽ǣɽۻΪϲߣңʦκ֮⣬лݺͼǱ
üͷһݺң
ָ֮˵ͷ˵ʵڵ֮⣬˸ҳƵֱۣʣǻ֪Ŀʲô
һӣݺңͼ޷Ǵһͳʲô
ǳκĿĶһͳ£֧ǵݺңǵĿһµģֵֻ֧ĹҲͬ
ݺҺѡĹңһپ٣һ
ݺңΨһѡ񣬾ǴĺԹ
Ϊôûݺѡǣλݺѡ˵ûʲô۹⣬Ϊǡ
ָ֮ҡҡͷ˵ˣ²ͬѰɲ

κ
鷿ڣκȻһϣŭһɽۻ
ԼãһĹκȻжȴɽۻκʹȻҪĹ̶Ĵκ
˿һӰʵʦ±ֵΣ
°ϵĳ룬ϲû֮ɫɽۻʦܵĹüһ㶼Ԥϡ
κʵѵκʿǰƴҪժӣ
ҡͷɽۻȻԱʵҲʧʱ̲ĹκȻµʵҲھ½ʱκ˭Ǳһ֮У
һ㣬κȻҲ뵽
Ȼߵһûлͷ·ˡ
Ψһǵǣʵֵۣ׳꣬ԼѾԪ޶ࡣ
ȻͬѪһЩٵӳޣδܵȵĹʱ
뿪֮󣬹ʱһӰͻأĳڴ֮ڡ
κ¶ϲɫԪȥˣԽ׷飬żֵôģ
ԪŹºŶֵܣǵжԼҰԪҺӶݣȻͼˡ
ӻȡһƿݸκʣ˵ȥһ棬ϴЩľѪ˼ٵ
κʱϸֵ֮ȴֱЩٵע
ӹƿЩź˵˵Ȼ棬ӵԪ̫٣һ࡭
Ԫ˵λһҪ֪£ʦ˵ƳµĵȡľѪ
κʵŶ˵
ľѪģȻǴκȡˣԼ֣ͬЩĲ̵ģ壬ֺѵ֣֮Ȼٺò
ԪҵľѪ
κĿһʥľѪɱȻ徫Ѫѻá
Ԫ˿˵˵ʥľѪܹӳԪٵʵ۵ľѪƵٵһӡ
ʦĻκʲɡ
ѾӶԷгͷȻԿ϶ԷٵϣȻ˿ۣҲ֮飬û˻᲻رΪ¡
ֻǣʥʵ۵ľѪѻá
ǡ
սյʥĹʵ۵ϡ


402 ĴԮ
ʥʮ꣬¡
κͻϮģͬʱ±Թ߾ı߾ȻʱսƣѾ½Ͽա
ƽ֮󣬴½ٴӭ
ֻ˵½ûĺƽ
֮Ҿ֣սƬ½ǿļңʼûзһͳµĿġ
ֵǣκ֮ƣ˴֮󣬱û˽һĶ
ʮңңš
κûнһҲûжݵ˼
ݳ⡣
κӪ֮ڡ
Ϊ˴ζ˧֣䱻µĽΧס
Ԫ˧ʲôʱ
ʿǶȲˣ
ֻҪһ£ССĹɾܴ¡
ôҲǸ°ﶼһء

ż͵ˣ֣ܹµǵ顣
սʱڣַսҶʢһʱͬһʱڣֹüλʥˣǵ֮İټ֮ס
ս½ƽ꣬Ѿ˥䵽ˡ
սҲǱٴĻᡣ
ʿǶŽҵҲ
ǳ͢˼
֣ѹѹ˵ǵ飬˧ܹ⣬ĹҪ򣬵ó֮ƣֹǳ͢Ȩ׵ľΣóԹۡ
ʱ½߳˧ʡ
Ԫ˧˵ĵȻǶġ
֮һݣӦƽս֮ʱȴֻԭشеıŽ⡭
УȥҸйй˭ȥ
һһ𣬷Ҳû̿ɴ򣬳ûǲǲ
һ
ǵôӰ

ӪſڣӪʿЩٵĻĿ뿪¶Ľı顣
ʤ̣˼ȥƵأȴҪվڡ
һһ£ʶһ˵ˣǰ첻ͷʹ֢ˣô
˵˵ͷ˵ʵ۵ܲˣݳһҽݣǴΪʩ˼ͺˡ
ʵ˻һ˲Ǯɣ
Ȼݣй涨ǽ֮󣬲ҵذյýĻ˵أκأƬϵİգҲκİա
ҪǮ¥ҲܰΣղƲֻյ鷢ҪԾá
κǼ䰺ģдһʡ
϶ʿҡҡͷ˵ʮģʩʮģܹ˶ʮġ
һ£ȫȻŵôܣǲǴˣɵСģһ٣鷳ˡ
ʿ̽͵˵ģһʹĹ˵ĹǮĹ͢й涨̫ҽҩѣ˵ǳ͢ҪĹͨն𲡣ҩ
꣬ԭغһ
ϴĸκǴֻĸ׵Ĳ飬ҩûпҪӣ
Ӱ
µĹǮ
ټҩѣһβͻʮӡ
ЩĵҽݣҴ忪ģҪͨ˿һβ͵ҵǸĸ׿˻Ҳ
һǶʮһǶʮģһʱԽܡ
ܿʶĹôˣκĹĹأЩҴϷ֣ԺĹǺκһ
ʱ֮˼˵һǴ˵Ĺİգһÿڶʮģ͢˰ڳÿ͹ǮǶӣϢ죬ǳ͢涨ģļҵ̲أᱻط
ֳֳǹԭأöز
ÿ׬ӣϢ죬͢˰ӣƨı
Ϊκʿκ̲ģӦúԺ
˿ֻ̣жԴİյĽ
ģΪʲôûڴģ


Զǧ⣬ʱڣսղİգԾɹźǰһ޶ӡ
Գ͢κս˵һ
һӣòӭ˺Ӷ飬ԼԱů𲡣۸ĺӣ汲йӡ
սܣӵеһУʧȥ
Ϊ֪֮ףǸԸʧȥ
ļſڣĶ飬һ۶ͷ
ſڣһԱһӻ˻֣˵ʲôΪûУսģȥɡ
Ӳ˵ûΪôˣеսòң޳ǽõõɣˣҰɡ
Աһ飬һԱһεһˣʲô֣
ʮ˵Ӳ̣ͷ첹ĻܸɵģΪľһɡ
Ⱥ֮Уͬ뷨İգ
֮ǰκģδػξ
ĸǶԴģĹС
ǺòײӵһУκ˶֮׵
ΪԼҲΪǵĺ
˭ΪĴľһһⳡսľǵһأ
ʡڡ
ŵһݷݵķϵ¡
ͬʱв͢ʷǰǲξĻԺܸߣǱ¼ȡʼ͡
ͨսûʲôõġ
ͱ׼ҲҪ˾ߡ
ͨУ˴ǰһ
һ֧УľЩ˲Ҵ壬ҲضǳԺţգ츳ٸߣҲûԴľǿߡ
Σ֮ʱЩŵҲûӱΣһ֮ǰ֮ʱǾͷ׷׽ӵ˾С
Ѿϵκ
Щͼӵܲξδȫڴ塣
ƾ٣ʵּԾǨ׼Ծ;
Ҳ֮飬˶Ϊ˱˹ϺӣԥԼ
ȻٱԴز⡣
ϾĴҪԵģ֮ǿ
Ҫɽۻ֮κҲɵ֮Ҳֹͣ˽ԭ
һЩʱգ˶
ʹСܹΪݵݵݵһĺͳʧȥ˻壬ֱӽ
̶̼գ͹˴Ķϱ߾֮ء
˵ǹݣʵƽơ
ļеıϷκϱ߾飬ֻһЩԳĴֿ
˾٣ȻΪ˸κ̬ȡ
Ȼڳʼж֮κҲֹͣϷս
ǣƣԹԹ˲Ͼ޷Ԯ
Ϸ򣬻ǿֵܵסκϷԳǽڽڰˡ
Ŀǰ޷ϳܳһ·ƽƵ
ǽҵľ޷ͼŵĿ⣬ͣԽλϡ
Խλκģ֮䣬ܴԽκͳʩѹǱȻҪطһߵѹ١
ڣԽֻʮκԻطԽ
ǣԽмλټŵԼκͳĻʵˣҲܽ
Ҳôһˡ
ÿ춼ôλŮӣɻˣرĶ
Ŀǰĵ֮ǵҼλʥԽ
İʥӦκԵó֪İʥλλɽһλֻǣ֮£ŵδȰǡ
ȥԡ

ɽ
һ֮ڣɽŶŵ˱ȭ˵ݰٱڣϷʧԶӭ
ŵȭ񣬿ĳƽ̼¡
һĺ֮ŵ˵⣬ɽƽ°ϵĳ룬Ƭ̺ŵұһĽ£´ңɽҲԸΪİվһ
˶٣ֵֻǣʦ˼ҽղ޽ڱأѰΪԪͻƣǡ
ŵü޽


403 СС
ɽ
һλĸߴߣɽŵ£߽֮ڣĿ⿴ڵһˣ̾Ӣ۳ꡭ
˷԰ףϵƺͰߺ۾ºۼҲŨŨĺΨһ˫۾ֱӡ
˵һ̣ŵ·𿴵һѳʵ
λɽİʥҲܵѹ
ͬΪʥժ¥ԪûиŵѹʦҲûиѹѹҪѰΪͻƣʵѾǰʥ۷壬Ǹ˵еľ磬ֻһ֮ң
ŵ˱˱ȭ˵ŵݼ̫ˡ
֣˵ϷڣʵϷ֮£̫ףƽƼɡ
̫˵䣬ѽ꣬ʦ𣬿Ҳһǰ˼ҵػҪеġ
ŵڣ̫˱ľѾ֪ϷˣϷޣʥžɽУԴ˲λйʥɽ֮
Ҳֻаʥ۷壬ƽ˵Ļ
ŵɣԸ⣬֮ǰնɱλԪİʥǺܼ򵥵顣
£˥޹ء
ŵΪл죬û뵽ɽڣ͸ʮЩòˡ
ŵ˱ȭ˵ǰڣ岻ѣһСС͸ǰϣǰгһͻʥ
ɽſŵһۣûпϴʲôﰡ
̫ͬûн仰ϣ˽꣬޽ѾһУΪպʷһʣҲɽɵ
ĬȻ䣬ɽźȻɫĿֱĶ𾪣Ƿʲô˵顣
ɽУҲȷǷ˲˵顣
ֻʦϵİߺۣڿٵʧͷ׷УҲ˴Ƭĺڷһ˲˷ϻͯĸо
̫˴˿ҲʶԼı仯ͷ˿Լ˫֣ܵػ۷壬дãȻ⣬ǡ
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵ûʲô͵ģǰһԪССɾ⡭
ʲô
ɽ㶵Ŀŵе㲻Լġ
˼ʮ꣬ǵһ˵Ԫġ
һ;һӡ
Ȼķ˼ʦòı仯ȴòš
Ǳٵ
˵ɽŻһ˿ɣΪʥ̫˶Լָƣһ̣ĸоԼ壬·صһ֮ǰ
һ֮ǰ壬ΪȻڵ۷Ϊ
һӣ㹻ģ̤뵽ʥ磡
˿̣λ۷ʥһּ˼飬Ұž޴ϲŵ촽΢΢һʱ˵
ϣȻ˻ƽͱһԪ

ʱɽɳ
ԭ͵ƺͻȻ˺ѣͨ
̫˵Ľ£һѾ޽ٵĻա
ӳٶȣߵˣȻȵĸߡ
޵ٶߵļޣŵû÷Ұʥܸ
֮εģŵշС
ڸڡ
ɽʦǣѾһڵľӸԽˡ
֮Ƶٶȼ죬µɽӣѸٵĵˣŵĿǰ̫˿ĵطһ
ΪڵԽԽ࣬ŵͷ֮ĳϵҲԽԽ
ѾȷԲǷҿԵĶ
٣ͨзȻ漰ҵֶΡ
ڻ÷˵ĹУŵһ˿΢ĵ
˵Ļڷ֮ϵʱŵָ֪ҵĺۼ
ңڤڤ֮УָӦ
ǰķ䣬ģƺȱʧһ֡
ȱʧʲô޷˵塣
Ϊļһ죬ڷһܣᱻҿ

ɽ
ʻϡ
֪ʥϢ֮飬񾩣񻪷ϣԳһʥϢ
һ̣ŵ̫˵Ķ棬ͳӰ
һŮλ߷԰ףһˣһλŮӡ
̫ˣ
߿̫ˣ϶ֳŨŨĲ졣
λɽͬȻʶ̫˳֮ʱǲſʼУǲǣ̫ڣѽ䣬ԪȴһûԪӡ
ϴμͷ׷һߺۣôôࣿ
ѵͻˣ
ܣѾǰʥ۷壬ǰһʥ˿ϵϢֻаʥĳ̶ȡ
̫ߵˣǳԾ
ףֻжʮͷӣɢϢȴ̫ˡ
ϣʲôʱôһλǿߣ
λɻʱֻİʥԵʦù˹˵μʦ𡣡
ͬʱתͷʦʲôʱһλʥӣ
ʦ֮ŵֶλ߹˹˵λʦ
˿˿ŵֻһۣã
Ƭ̺
鹬
ԭˡ
ϲʦһλͽ
Ǻǣ˵Ҳλʥˡ

ʦһλ츳׿ͽܣжš
ֻû뵽Ȼô̵ʱڣɳز
ȻҺȫͬĵ·˵ܵ飬Ҷԣδزܷ
˾̾λʦֶΪ֮⣬ǵУʵ̫αġ
λʥֻʦһЩԪһӣǶˣڶʮڣҲҪٴ޵ˡ
⣬ǲֱ̫ʳڡ
˿̫ˣʵ֪̫ڣΪ£
̫˵´ңκϳģҵˣģλɽУ֪λΣ
˿һŵвѲ³ڣΪ˴¡
û뵽Ȼ겻ɽ̫Ҳ붯ˡ
ϾԼͽûλڣ䲻£ĸѶȻɽԸ͢һҲԸΪճһ
ΪһڣʵΪڣΪֻһ
̫ݵ˼˵˵ͷ˵ʦüȻˣ̫һԹ֮
˽ŵͬͬˣһҲԸɽС
ŵȭлʦλʦ
Ϊڵĵӣɽǰô󷽣Լ˸ģŵˣ˵һССҪ͸ʦλʦ
ڵλδ룬ʦֶؿμ棬Ҫ˵ҲӦ㡭
Ψɽ̫˵ϣ¶˾֮ɫ
Ǻŵ˵ġССʲô
ѲɣҲҪһӵԪ
ΪҰʥԪᳬꡣ
ŵ㣬໹ӿɻѾԼһӣҪλѵԼˣ

Խ
ݳ⣬֮С
ӪŲӣǽ֮ɫ
ѾõϢκͳͬʱִģĵĹͲκӦһԵó߼лûӮİա
ԽСҲʮ޲̵عûг͢ֻﰴҪˡ
ʱһӰ߽
ͷһۣ΢΢һ֮¶ϲ֮ɫ̵ˣ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ
ϲɫæʵҪĩش𣿡
ŵҡҡͷ
ԣۿɼʧ
ŵ˵εҪҪκ
һ㶣Ȼ̧ͷȷŵ˭


404 κ
ʲô
ͬʱκͳ
ָλʥʮλʦһǧľ
ˣûƭң

ŵжݣ𼤶˵ڴ£ϴһλʦֱϰʥˣڵɽʦ
ĺԹҲиĳ
Թҽ䷱٣κ붼Ȳ˵ġ
ʢһʥƴ½һţ½ڶžɽ
ʥɽʦʵԶͨİʥ֮ϣɽ̫ǰʥ۷壬һжҲ·磬óϻ֮Ž£ҪλʥӦ
ټԼζûⱲӣȻܴôԣ̡
һŵӣŵͷκͳԴ߼лҪԽǣǣϺͶϵѹ
ҰʥĻᣬ٣ϥأȭĩ

κ
ݡ
κݣżһλҰʥ͢żмӣ͸Ǵķأ˰Ȩ
żҵĻԻͣѾΪʷ
λʥȻżŴңǰŰżӵܣŶ
κ߾ĳפֻһˡ
ݽԽǰԽҲκأȻҪرֵСв֮ģκһ֮ڣǸΡ
Խ֮κ͢ȴûжԴʲôӦ
κİն֪͢ڹģϾ˼ȵ´ܱ֮ЩСǴκ֮
ݴӪ֮ڡ
Ϊ½ƽһںƾơ
վ棬ӪǲȾƵģûܹܵҲû˸ҹ
ǰ죬ȾƱо쿴ݺ˶Էһ֮Щƨҷһˡ
͢ĹսЩбģŽǰ̹ͣȴҪʺĵطš
κĹνռƣ·𿴵һݷݾԼԶȥܲƣ

½Ƴ̾˿
ǾˣҲҲ̴
ؾУһ뷨Ľʿ
ʱһӰУżʱˤһӣŵ½ˣϮ
½Ʒ¾̳Уһ˿ã
Ϯ
ǰԽǴκôеϮ
Ǵű͵ǴԽģϾҪٳˣ
½ƾ˴룬ʵ˶ˣ
űȷ沿Ӵһǧˡ
Ϊң½ƺܿͲµ˶ԷĿġ
Ĺκͳ߼лȻҪͨԽҴκ󷽣ʹֳһֻطǰߵѹ
½Ƴ˳ǣǵǴһֺ⣬ϧˡ
½ƣɲӣ
̳͹˿ھƣȥȫ׼ӭУ
ܿ죬ĳŴ򿪣һӶжӵʿӳӿڳĿյϣķӡ
һʿϣɢһɱϢ
ЩϢ۵һγһǰġơѸɢȥʮ֮ɽУ޷׷׾ɢ
½վȺǰϵϢҲѸٵܿʹӱҵ徳ڣ徳۷壬ֻһ֮ң
֮УҵĸʵǿģȴƵġ
ܹϸѵıʿ屶ͬߡ
һʿ½ϵϢͻƵ˼ǿĵزһ̣԰ʥҲһս֮
̲ס쳤ХХг˿⡣
ͶפĻԽЩ۵ļһһķŭɣ
Ҳʱ½ƵؼؾУȻһĿĹâ
ǵâԼɣͬһƬն롣
һ̣½ƾʶǽ⣡
ٶȼ죬˿һ̣Ǻò۳ɵıײһ
֮У·һ졣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ

ǵ۳ıƣ˲ɢѪ
½ƿпһѪϺòϢʼѸ½ں̵ܶʱ֮ڣͽ˵徳ڣϢήҡ
һؾǵ´롣
ʵڵµģֱӻȥ
ľУξǣҲѪ磬Ϣήҵվվȡ
Զǵջرİ׷ߣ˿ĭ
ǰʥ۷
һʹһʧȥƶʲôսʲôıҲʲôűһɨȥˣУǾһ
Էûеİʥûϵıֻһϵľ޷ֵһλ۷İʥ
׻ö֮ĽŴ󿪵ݳʱ

ݡ
֮ϣһλسǽУϢӰϵıǰռ
徳ıңǧбȥֿλʥ
˫֣Ǭϥ£ţ


405 
κ

үǰ̴ôˣ
κĹˣ
ʮˡκ䣡

ԴӴκĹʽսԺ󣬲κİվڱſڣӱ߳ĹԱǰս
ֹĹݣ̲סȸԾ
ǽǵؤˣɣϣ¶ԺЦݡ
֪͢Ĺأ᲻ָһЩеؿ֣ˡ
ǽǣһ·֣һ߰ڴһյ
ʱһԶʻͣڱſڡ
ϵʿǬķҴܽƬ֮󣬱ĳ÷֮ڣ˼ŭ
ʲôˣ
Խݣ
ǳıӵ

ĹԱϢǲŵģԽʲôκʲôκ̲ǣǸˣǾȻҹκ
ֱǵ
ǲΪǰߺĹţڲʰ˰ɣ
ԸԽõǰߵĴֻҪٽݳһЩɡ
ڴ֮ǰҪôġ
͢ȻûݶڻرҲһλҵ徳һפ
һפκ˵㾫񣬿ɶԽЩӱԣǾеľ
ܿ죬÷֮ڣ˵ľٴδ
ʲô
һһ˲ˣ
㿴һɵĽ⣬ֻһ˲ͻһ
ΪԽݵģû뵽Էֻһһ
˵һΪʿˣһͷһʱҲɱģ֮սضаʥ롣
鷳ˡ
Ψаʥɱߴܰʥ飬ý涨ᡣ
ʱ
ʹ֮ڡ
κʿű裬üͷԽʥ
ͻϮκҪһΧκġ
ԽʵԶԶ
ȻԽаʥ֣Ҳɳʥѹ
ԷһλʥǱɳλ
κĲ࣬Ψʥࡣ
Ƭ̺ŵӰ˵ͷλȥһݰɣΧݵפǿջ֮󣬼Խ˳ݹҪ
Խݹ֮ԴڣֻΪκĹֱӽ
ѾʽսСȻҲûдڵıҪ
źһУϣָûεķ֡
ҪΣŪʥʵ۵ľѪЩʥϧ֮ΣȻΪȣĻʵۣҲ뿪

ݡ
ݵİôû뵽гһգκأȻᱻԽĵСơ
ս̫ͻȻһؾ˲ܣûиκ˷Ӧʱ䣬оͽ˳ǣڵǮ˾ʰƱӣҲˡ
ԽӽһգݣһƬš
ǽԱŲǼѾ̼ҲðϽ֡
ڣĳᡣ
ԴԽӽ֮ϺһҾҲûгȥ
ȣ˵үүҶ
ʳͳˣֻ˵ûģӶϱȥ磬СȫżĶ
ǰһ󲡣ϺıΪһ
û˵أÿȻֻģףڲгһ˲ҪĲҶӣү
о˳ǣҳȥѾһûԷˣϺת޲øԼϵιԲݹ᾵ģֻһƤŹͷⶼ
飡
ϺļʱȻ
ȴ
Ϻǿŷһƣ䣬һ˲˰أһץģ
ֻ꣬ԼѾʮ׳ץ
ץҲὫǮѹһա
뵽ֻмʮĵĻϺҲͲˣٲţүҲˣʲôܱȶҪǿ
Ϻ˫ִ򿪴ţΪ׵һλ꿴΢ЦʵʣŸ𣿡
Ϻ˵ͷ˵ǣС϶
ﵱȡŸϣһӶɸֻϧʮ꣬ضûøˣǶԲ֡
꿴˿еһӣŸʮ꣬޶Ụ̊һ꣬ûɣ
Ϻеĵͷǣǡ
ʵǽݿ𣿡
ϺĸҾܾÿλá
λͬݿ˿ӣνͽıڣһкǽǣ־Ŀǡ
꿴һͬ飬ʵԶͱɣ
ͬ˵ͷ˵ҾÿԶ弶
һͬͷû
ӻȡһӣڲ˺һСֽݸϺ
Ϻʶ֣ʶĽӹСֽ֣ãȻүǡ
үֽպˣƾֽȥŵǼ֮ÿ¿ʮף⡭
Ϻ˲ɴ۾ѿڵɶ
˵Щ⣬ÿ»ҷһӣˣүȥŷֵأȥˣɾֻбѡʣµˡ
ϺûдӶʮһӵлعٴһ㶣ʵɶֵأʲôأ
͵ǰѵҵضûˣָݵİգûеأһܷʮĶֳĶǵģø͢˰Ҳ÷ָ˭
ɶ
Уҽ岻ĵطȥƲ弶ͱҪǮץҩҲҪǮ
ɶ
һ£ƽ˭۸㣬֪˭۸ˣԴȥŸǣǸٻǸǮˣֻҪǷһ

Ϻֽԭöûл
ֱԶˣŻع񣬶һ£æ˼ʵүǣʲôˣ
һУϺζ롣
ԼǲǶˣϷеɽ硭
عͷЦЦ˵ԽǸ

Ϻվڽֵϣλүһģһˣʱʱ߹ÿһԺš
Ϻ̲סԴ૵˭
һ·ʿͣ½ŲЦ˵˭ǵأ˭۸ǣ˭ǹӣǾ͸˭
Ϻ㶵վԭأòŻعսеֽƱɵЦãð


406 ѧ
ݡ
ԳơЩ˴ؾ֮󣬽һϵдĸĸ
ĵһ£Ƿֵء
涨ÿ˾ӵеأܳʮĶĿأҪȫ乫
ӵزʮĶİգԴӳ乫в㡣
³ǳ֮ɱӵľӣʷϱȱȽǣطָյľӣǹͷһΡ
ʮգ˸
֮⣬ͳݰյļͥڼҾѵİգȥǵĵ⣬ÿ»ᷢһʳؼǮ
ݳǵؤԼء
֮ǿнӹ˳Щ忪ҽݣǽѣҩѣʹͨҲܿ𲡣ҩ
ڼͥʵߣֱȥǿзá
ͬʱӹţΪݰԩһѹյĶԱͷЩѹ̰֬Ҳûӹʹ
ݾգ⼸նƮƮȻġ
ϣôľӣ
һʼĻֲ̿صĵֶɢ˿ʼ㽻Ժĺӡ
ݽֵϣϺ֣һף⣬ֺǺǵҵķȥ
Ÿˡ
ÿ¸׷⻹ǮĶô࣬Щ˼
̧ͷһۣϺĽŲȻͣ£չüͷҲ
ݵĳǽôôƣһ͢ô죿
вУۿźҪˣɲٻصȥ
Ҵһصң׺⣬ۼһ𣬺ٵͣ飬һȥ޳ǽǧó͢
ϺĻЩƮƮȻİ侲
ǰ
̫ˣȵ͢Ӧɳݣô죬ոյֵػû֣͵ûȥ
һʱ䣬ݰգԷ߳ţԱשʯʼݲƵĳǽ

ݸá
֮ŵûмչһжݵĸ졣
ǵޣ㹥˸ĳǳأҲû㹻ԱȥΨȳ׸ݣźüǰС
ЩԭԽӣĸԣЩѾᳵ·
ͬ飬ԽѾһ顣
ŵûжҵֶΡ
ԽʿݵʿеľиõĻ·ѡ񵱱
Щ֮飬Ϊܸ˸õ
˳֮󣬸ǵļ˷˵أҽƣҲͳΪµĸ
ʹҵֶΣԸ׵һУŵѡ˽Ϊ鷳ķ
ڷ˵İ£ҵ鷻Ѿ˴ġ
ͬģ֪ҲͨԹ͢
ŵΪÿ춼
ãȴҲԽԽء
ڸ˭ǿ⣬вͬĴ𰸣ΪңΪǷңΪݺңҡ
ŸΪľŵԽԽã֪ңܲǿ
ΪҵܣԽľη
һ֧ʣ౾еĸʣ˽̰˽˱˽öӯֻ¡
ֻҪΪ㹻ڼ̵ʱ֮ڣʵĳ֡ᡱ
УǶô׶ﷸҲ˲ط񣬹֮䲻໥ͬ岻໥ӣȫŽһ£κ񰸼ķ
֡áϸ˼֮£ȴ˿־塭
Ϊ˵־ᣬ˸񣬱ҵǿд۸ģϣƺҲһ־ūۡ
Ŀģ֪࣬ҲԸ⡣
ݺұ½ΪǿӰ˵˼롣
ҵֶΣǱݺҸ
ҶԣǱܹƵˣѾ֮ܳΪˣĳֿ޸ĵġߡ
ǿа磬ʲô壿
ʣŵԼҲϣ֮ϣôһλһеԼ֮Իд˿̵뷨Ҳǵkİš
ĳѧŵ˽һ״̬ûвӰĿ
ֱ۾סһϤ²˭
ŵ֣뻳Уϲ˵ˣôˣ
˵¶֮ɫŵЦ˵ġ
ˣ˺ͰԼĸˣҲ˽
ŵſˣǰǵ֣ʵôˣ
˵㡭
ҲʦʦʦʦǶɽˣô˼һ˶ں󷽣
ŵû˵ʲôѵͷͨնҪΪҾһʲôɡ
ǵʵȻܸıʲô֣СΧսУҲҪá
ߵ⣬ŵ˶
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵ϷȻûʲôãһս֣ûʲôġ
ʱ߽˵ˣκʮݶ
ָһ㣬ʮУλʥ


407 ˭˭
ݡ
վݳǽ֮ϣĿԶԿԶĵƽϣһߡ
ǧﾵϸ֣ᷢǸʲôߣһ֧ȫװĴ
Ӱڴǰű߻ƽ
λǰݳǣܹܵһɳϢǴ۳ıƣǹɱƣʮһ롣
ոݣ˳ֹԽǲûзϡ
˵һλʥڣλʥĻʵۣûòµİʥ
ԷǴĻʵۣݵĻҲǲܺͶԷһ
֮УһʼճĬλߣɵģ˿ûдսٵĽȡ
˵ˣԽ֮ݣżݡ
ǿԣҪˡ
ݿԽݸĵĶ࣬͸㣬ʱǩɡ
Ҳԡ
һߣԵĺˣ͵һˣԺժ¥Խչһ
Ԫ΢΢һЦ˵Ǿлλˡ
Ŵӽݣнٶճͣ¡
ݳ⣬ҲѾϡ
ǿıңңţϵķ񣬶һƬ
λκʥܵһǿϢɫ΢䡣
ȻͬΪ˵Ϣǿö࣬Ѿʥ۷ˡ
ѹ˴κʵ֮⣬ǻϸܹ
ߵĺӣԷġ
Էǰʥ۷ΣǿҲûһ
λʥһλʥҲǶ򣬿νռȻ赣ġ
ء
һۻĺʮκǰ档
ȶԷ򣬸ýʲôűҲʲôսսԣƾƣܽǳѹ
ںͬʱӰҲݷȥݾǰǵϢ
ԱԽʥ԰ʥ
ս֮ʱǱסߴܶԷİʥӰ쵽󷽵Ĵ
ǵǰȻһ⡣
ͬʱȭ֮ȭ磬ݺݵײǵ֮ϡ
䣡
ǰһ죬ȭ磬ҲɢӰ١
հʥնŶǵӰҵ˭ԭɽţôɽʲôʱҲΪĳ͢߹ˣ
̫˲δǷϻֻ̧ӽһɽԽռ
֮ռ䶼Ť
հʥǰһ˲ʮ⣬ǵ⣬Ȼӳһȭ
ɢҲһξ룬ܿվȡ
˻˵ߣŶ̫ˣ˳ǣţҳǿһ˲Ķֵ֣ܵùۣ
Ļû˵꣬ȻһѪ˸ֱӷɵ̫ǰԶ
ͬѪģԵһλʥ
˻ͷλˣͬʱŭԪ㣡
ʥڱͻȻ͵Ϯ˺޷˲ˣܵǣԪһǴɵһλ۷ʥǰ
˻ջ˫֣Ŷˣ˵κִģǲսսսʧܣȰ;֪Ҫһٴ
Ԫ
ͽ
²Źģ
λҰʥû뵽ǴУȻԼ
ڵǣ϶̫˵Ķ֡
ټһʵ۷ĻԪΨ˵
˵ϣ廯һӰԶݶȥ
飡
飡
ֻ죬˾ײһεǽ˻
ΪΣ
Ұʥ
׹ڵ֮ȻԴ죬жϳ˸ղŵ
һλʥ۷ߣȻһλҰʥ
ʹǵĳ׳ȥ
Ұʥĳ֣ζǲ򲻹Ҳܲˡ
ʵҲˣ˵Χ֪ʱѾһεȫʢʱڵǣͻΧĿܣ֮£ǿ֮ĩûдƷĿܡ
һпʵֻ̼䷢
ʱκΧݴʮڳ֮С
λʥһλѱ䣬λղŻʿߵĴ˲ή˲٣ղŵơ
ȫҳ壡
λ徳ĽȻҲܾ˿Ѿѡһ⣬ò׾ۼıƣͻɢ
޷γɱƣλʥǰʮҲֻǴ׵ĸѡ
ղŵķ粨˿̣ʮУвзţǵǿıƣһѸٶ߽⡣
һλ׽ϵڲϵıƣȻӳһ
һ⣬ŻԪϮ
⣬Ԫɫء
ʮ۵һǿʥҲСĶԴ
ûд˲
ֻһ˲Ǽ˲߽⣬⴩Ԫ壬󷽶ȥ
Ԫ˲ǵѪ˿Ǳҡ
Ե徳˰ʥҲֻбˡ
ǵ⾭һλʥ֮վ˼֣ûϸײеһǽױ
ΪΣռ䣬ȿҲ
ʮ۵һѾ˽ӽʥڵ
λʥ˵ʮȻǲġ
̫۳ǧӰ⣬κкȥ
ʮγɵıƣҲһ̵ϣЩ⾡¡
۷ʥһҲܣΪĽǧˣ˲˹ȥ
ͬʱʿǵĸҲѾӭ

κ
֮ϡ
κʲȻŭŭĿ·˵ʲô֮⣬ʮݣ
κĹϮҲŲռʮ֮ء
ռ˱ʮݣռʮݣ˭˭
Ĺκл֮£¿һսߣô̵ʱ֮ڣռ˴κʮݣ˭
һڹԱ·ɪɪ
κǲڶʱʧȥôصģǣǰģڲֻطֻܴӸʱ
ݵıԴȻһ㣬λʥ죬ҲԶз˭뵽ǾȻܣ
һܣִˡ
Щԭפˣ˷أ˳ʤ׷ɲһһǡ
ֻܵ£ԥˣ˹ͣΪ֮ƣֻеһִطֹסǵͷ
κʳ
ˣȷѾûѡֻǣһִƱػӰǰߵս
ЩСˣȻҲĹñˣȴƽȻ̵⣬Щû뵽Ǳߣʧ֣ļƻȫҡ
һΪŭǣԪȻѱ䣡
Լʦ֮ΨһŦԪѱ䣬Ҫҵʦȡٵ
ץץԼͷһŭ
ʱл¹һµľ˵£һ¡
κʿһۣüˣ
ǻ¹ٵ˽ſֵص͹ġ
κüһкʱͨױ߼ʮ꣬ѵҲأ
ǻ¹ٴһ飬¶ã֮ɫȻڵأϢŭū֪ôģججͽˡ
κƺʶʲôƤɣⲻ㣬Էݺ
ľУĿȻһ
һ͸ĵƿƿżöѪɫĵҩ
ֵҩҲϤ
ٵ
ƿ֮£ѹһš
κʴǷţȲȥ˿૵
ȻԪˣλʦϵ
Է󣬾Ȼݺң
ⶼҪҪǿľѪԼҪٵȡ裬ΪĻʵۣںʲôˣҲں
ֻŵݡ
ɱĹʵۡ
κĿоâһɱĻʣҲΪԪˡ


408 ʥ֮
κ
ݡ
κʮݣʱֹͣж
ݻʮ֮󣬸һ·ֽ֣κʮݣκڷӦʼǰߵĴط
ı֮Ѿﵽ˶ʮ
⻹Ǿɸѡ֮Ľ
һ·κݰգӻԾ
ǵΪߣֻ徳ξĻԼߡ
ԭ֮»أǿҽƸĸ涨н꣬ϲΥҼ֮¡ǶǼӵ
һʼĸ֮󣬰ձŲδسǽǶӣפͰ򿪳ţеӭ
ĿǰûнһжκʮطҶǰߵľһλҵİʥʹø޷ټƽ
ŵĿģҲѾﵽˡ
κʮλʥǰߵѹͬսֽ׶Ρ
һʥӣȡõĳɾͲûһ֧ô󣬱ϾκעһųɵıûͶ뵽ս֮ϡ
ֻռݣͼʱɳرǿ߻طĿǰ˭ûнһж
Щ죬ֵһЩţɣɽɣԼЩӵʦɣҲЩͳϴµǰ
ںɽǴ䣬ѵͷǵѡҲΪЩһĴͷá
ɶҪӵģ˭뱻˵̰֮
һκսôĳ֣͢ǰδеŽᡣ
ݳУʦۣлɽʥûս£˺ʱд裬ڰ͸æˣÿһأٲҪӹţΪԩææ˵㣬ΪҲڷɿ
СӣŵΪѾ΢΢ԪȴûӰ졣
ǰЩĵԪѾȫ˻кܴĽࡣ
ãһӰ߽ŵ˱ȭ˵ˣѾ͵ˡ
ϴܻλκʥֱκҡ
ǵļκŵȰǲɣǵΪûԪ͵ӳ͢䡣
½ʥѾʥǶսɱǣûʲô̫ĺôܴ͢κȡһЩ׵ĳ롣
ŵ֮ǰԻԪͶĴ滳ɣĿǰƺڷսԡ
ʱ͵Ϯˣλκʥӣŵ̫δס
ŵ֣ĻԪļ˵ˡ
Ԫæ࣬
δ˵꣬һһ̣Ͼӿֳϲ֮ɫϥأлˣĳԸ⸰𣬸ͿأԱ˶顭
ŵ˻֣˵
˲ĻԪ֮洺磬֪ĸһӭر
һ֮ǰ壬۷ʱڵΪԭָо
ƨٵٵЧ
ĻʵΣѾ˼ɱͬ壬ȡѪԼվվĺá
һ£ȡһƿݸŵˣ
ŵֽӹƿеһöѪɫĵҩǡ
Ԫٵ
ŵĸ׸κʵٵȻûȫκʣٵǴԼ͵͵õġ
ڣѾûҪˡ
Ȼλλ˵ĸף϶֮䣬Ҳĳܡ
ڻԪ˵ٵ֮ŵû˵ʲôһӰͷĴ˽
ŵжҩǰϸĴһϸƣһֱĿܣŵҲû˵ʲôֻǰĵȴ
λżҵҰʥ֮ΪȻҲӭ˱ǣ徳ʥԶҲʲôŵ
üͷ
ȷⵤҩУܵԪϢ
ⵤҩеԪԵҡ
ⲻͨѪƶģżҵ֮ƶԼĿԪֻܴҰʥתƸˣ֮⣬ܴñ˵ľѪٵķ
ԪʵⵤҩǴõģ
Ԫŵһۣ˵һصʦ
û˵࣬Ǹӵ飬Ҳ֡
ŵ򶫷ʵʲôˣ
öҩһλҰʥԼԪöҩ֮УֻҪ֪κһλҰʥ
ԪȻ˵û徫ѪƵġ
һӣ˵ֹҲƭƭЩС
ԪΪʲôҪ
ŵҪ½ƣУӦûݺҲ롭
ɣٵĴڣֻһ֡
ٵеСʵλɱͬΪݺңŵᵽŨŨıζòϣԷĶλԶ֮ϡ
ŶԸ֪ԽԽ̣ŵʶݺǱص͹һҡ
Ϊ˺󣬵Ƕ֪֮٣ӡ̵ģĪʹıƣʵǵʵͬڸǰС
Ҳͬǣݺҵʵֻйеĸ
һʵݺңȻݺҡ
ݺľ裬ԼʵĿģڰвٿأصԽãԽУܶ£ǿͨԵʵȥɵ飬Ҳѡüı
Ψݺ
ԹûбݺҲٿصģıûݺŵκı󣬶ݺڲٿء
˵⼸½ʱֵÿһα仯ݺĻٿء
Դ±ʾŨŨĲ⣬ʵôΪʲô
ǲѲ¡
ֻ߸ò¡
Ĵ½ƣеݺңĿĲһͳ£ֻͳһµ˭κ
ΪһУһͳµ̵ѡ
ŵԪʵλʦ˵ʲôˣ
Ԫ룬˵˵ʥľѪ꣬ʵ۵ľѪһӡ
ƨ
ԥ˵һ䣬һ̣ƺʶʲôһ٣૵֪ˣҪĻ壬Ҫ½İʥɱҪʵ۵
ǰĻɲ޵
һͳֻݺҵĿģͨʲôֶδﵽĿģһݺҲͳһ
ٵĻ֮ˣҪĲǸд½ʥǿߣʵ۵
ŵȻʶһ顣
λʦȻκʵϵ᲻ĵıҲ֪£
һ֪ġ
Ͼٵ֮£ǴӴĶ
ҲţʥľѪ٣λκİʥ¡


κλʥ£飬ֻгĸ߲֪
״Ԫŵ£ʧ
ڴǿ֮ʱȻܴԽ룬һΧκģռκʮݣƵκòֳһֱطļСǰߵѹ
ȻλκİʥѾõĴĳ͢˾Υ⡣
ʹ
λκʥȻܣĳ͢δǣûнǹڴΣʱѺڹС
ˣΪλķҰʥðʥǧ֮δԼ䵽˾ء
ΨһֵðοǣĹǻŴ⹬֮ڣǿжϺõĲˮؼƼȣҲԴԴϵ
˲Լ³
κȻڽս֮УһʼͱĳĬ
սμңİʥ˴˶֡
ԽԽϧҴƹЮ֮£Ϊս⣬ԼģûһλʥԸΪκǿ󣬶Լ
ĹȻΪҪЮʹκһʽס
Ȼعⲻ˱Цٲ֮ǡ
ʱһӰ滺˽
̧ͷһۣɫ̱Ȼ
½֮ϣܸѹģΨĻʵˡ
ͬʱ֣μĻʵ۱¡
Ļ΢΢һЦ˵λʥλǧʲôչ˲ܵĵط벻Ҫϡ
ߵҶս²ûʸʲôŴ룬һλķҰʥĲԩ
һû뵽ɽλʥ۷֣û뵽ĻһλҰʥ
Ȼû뵽ǣԪȻᱳǡ
һǶ³
Ļߵԣʵ֪λסôʲôҪ󣬾κʹǵйҲʥ
ЦЦ˵һжܺãлʵ۱¡
Ļʵ˵ͷ˵Ȼˣޱˡ
ûԤλĻʵۣûж˵ʲôȰĻƺֻǹǼ䣬뿪
Ļ뿪֮ͬʱ˿
λĻʵۣȱ¿̫ˡ
Īǣٵȷ£
ʮа˾ģЩǺͱѲ˹ϵ

˸ո˼䣬ȻϮ
ȻΪʥǣϮΪӡ޷ӦԣϮߺˣλʥԴͬһ
ǵĻʻ˫֡
ѪҺ˵ӿ֮С
žѪĻ촽иֳһ˿ȡ
ڴͬʱκ
ҡ
֮ڣһڸߴľƺȻѣ
Ȼ̧ͷǿƵľƣ𾪵Ŵͣòŷϣڣˣ
żҡ
˿һѵľƣͬԽܡ
ľƣǼʥڵƣżҵҰʥģѣζƵ
ѵõڱܵϢû뵽ǣĹȻɱǣ
ú
κʹ
κѵľƣĿһ˿ԥ֮ʧӰ١
Ŀ΢˫ȭľƻ촷۴ָ£Ȼ˹صģǾ͹ֲˡ


409 
ݡ
İʮֱפڻݼٽݣֵκ
ݳ⣬ʮκֿʼ˼ᡣ
ǵѶȣҪسǡĹݳǶأǳأҪ빥ƴ˳ǣҪؾ屶ϵıκıĹ࣬ǿߵҲĹ࣬սƵȴҲн
˭뵽ǰս󷽵ļȴ͵ˡ
ʧʮݣκ͢ҲסֻôǰߵһֱطȻס˺󷽣ȴҲʹǰ߹ǵٶȴ󽵵ͣһݣѾ˰£δ¡
ݳڡ
ܵκı˾ۼļλʥ´ӭսӰա
ڰǰѹҪС̫ࡣ
֮ǰÿսʱǶ˶Ҫסλκʥ
ֵܶСһͬУٶһĬĺϻ֮ԶҲܲ·硣
ǰзһλʥ룬ѹ
£ĵоÿն۱ƣȻϰߣֻҪסλʥǲ֣еؾش´ࡣ
κλʥѾγĳĬ
ÿյһսǶԣд衣
λʥ˰ϣ򲻵ѣûԸͬ
գ˷ɳ⣬λκʥдʱɫȴ΢΢һ䡣
λκʥǰһӰ
λվţ¶֮ɫ
ȵǵӰݣλʥɫ䣬ͬκʣ

ݡ
κĽֻڼӱ˵κǿҲСǿнʮҲҪһ롣
ڵȡ
ǰߵĴֳʤڳִƽ⡣
֮ڣŵӻԪջָҡͷûʲô⡣
Ԫȷŵ棿
ŵ˵ͷ˵٣ҵʲôû̽
Ԫ׷ʵǶأ
ŵҲûС
ŵҽԪǷǳεģ½ϣӦû˱ҽãûס
λȻԴҪЮԼµģ;Բʲô֮
ʱŵʵ㵽׳ʲô
Ԫһݵһֺɫҩ衣
ŵʵʲôζ
Ԫдζпɡ
ҽҵҩ裬һ㶼ǿɬģдζǶ裬ܴζģֻɽˡ
ɽ߳͢ҽݣʳͣµʳ丹ƣ۸ˣܰϲ
Ԫɽʲôҩ
ŵҡͷǶҩ
Ԫ΢΢һ㶣ʵǸʲôģ
ŵƢθ͡
Ԫ
ڻԪһ޴ʱҴ߽ɫЩصĶŵ˵ˣǰսң޼ңλʥˡ
ŵݹһݼϲû̫֮ɫ
λκʥĻ񣬳ڷ֮ϣΪľҲʮʱ֪κһԵı
ֻû뵽ܹλʥ֮ڣʧλ
ӵλʥĵһҵңλʥǾ䡣
һλʥֻ⣬λʥͬʱ䣬ǼѰ飬κϱ߾Ըλʥɱˣˡ
ǡ
Ԫŵʮƶ˵һǱ³ˣ
Ѱİʥ֮䣬ʵ̫ǰʥ۷壬£Ҳδɱһλո뾳İʥԼҲű֮ģͶԷݡ
λʥӵĻᶼûУȻѹʵǿ߽롣
κʵ֮⣬бˡ
û뵽ΪĻʵۣȻ뿪ǰߣԳ֡
һʲôʧκܿͻ
ĻʵۣǲܱɱģһԻʵ۵䣬κĹˣҲᱻ˶ȥǳ͢µĻʵۣҲ̳еκΪ
ΪԭԹһʵ
߾ǵʵһ롣
⵽λʥΧǣҲкܴա
κڶĹˡ
ұĵˡ
ĵİʥκҵİʥ˵ˣǰ˿أŵǽ̫˺ʦʦȥ֧Ԯκͳƽսߣֻᱻƻȥ
ѵĻΪУһģ

ң޼ңλʥ䣬֣ңż¬ҵλʥӻأսȫʧأһϢسʱյˡ
ҵİʥǴĵĶս
λʥ䣬սǰߵĴܵκã
ѲɣҪñ
ģҪ˰
ʡ
ϣڷһĹ顣
˵ǹ飬ʵս顣
һκʵ۶Դıµս顣
սȫʧ֮󣬴ֻܲϺˣκֹʮǳ֮ûټĵݽһݹ顣
κʵۣҪʹıһս
Ȼûж˵ѾǴ֧Ĺ˵ıܣĽֻʣκƽƵķݡ
ս벻ӣʵû塣
ӣҲֻܹκ̲ԽԽĴĹµΪҲϵĵ䣬κٳ֮ʱ½κΪ
½£Ҳı䲻˽֡
ʵ͹ҵĹϢϢأĹκҲȡʤ
κϵɣʮ
κʵ۲ԸĽʿؼٶٴȥֻܿдĵİգԸʹĻʵ۹ƽһսλһսսӮ
ȻԸôһκҲ̶ȵļᱻؼ̵
ǲ˹͢ڴĸݴҪ˶ã˶֪£κΪߣȴվڵµƸߵ㣬Ϊİպõţ£͢˾·
̧ͷա
ձϴһоУȴĵǰ;
ѵģҪ
ʡ
࿴һݷݵľڣĿ¶ãȻ
ϱ߾ȫܣλʥĸǼҲڴľӵУ⵽˾޴Ĵӵٰڻ
ԼҪġ
̾ڴģʳŰյѪҺҵǰ̣ҪƷǣͷ­Ѫյ·ϡ
ڶ޶һ̣
ڲǲƷЩҵģýΪǿ
ʱʧȥһЩأǴӴܰҵƬϵİ˵Ҳδһ¡
޷Ǵ
һɴһͳû˵֮Ҳ䣬еľѶԽʡȥԺȥ·ȥưյܴһô½аնԵñ𲡣գѹ¶ϼ߽Ĵͬᡭ
ôˡ
ǣκռĵĳǳ֮ǿн˳͢ҽݣտѺҩ˼ʮκҴ壬ʼǿռذյأ͢ոհ䲼нҲǷֹ
෴ԽŵռڣһİնܵȲʵʩǲҪĹҡ
һ̣ʶԼˣĺס
ᵹκκҲôԴģֻҪٸŵһʱ䣬пܴӸԴϸıĵģڣһжˡ
κ̲֮Щ׾١
ˣǴĵǧˡ
۾֮󣬻վ뿪ʡ
ڡ
Ѿû˼ʹƽﲢĹ£ĶˣΪĻ壬һ㶼ںԼЩ֡
ץץͷʵĲҪɣ
˼ȥ벻ôָ֣߳ܲڴսлɱκʣȷһƾֵķʽ
ȻûС
˵ʲôһӰ滺˽
˿࣬Ҫ˵ڵĻ˻ȥ
ʱպȻЩѩ¶ˡ
ڵһЦ˵ţһȥҡ
˵꣬תҴ뿪
߳£ʱֻͷһۡ
ʲôҪ˵⻹һ֧ԼʲôԼġ
£÷ţְһӣ档
ڴĶ棬Щζ
˶ûпڡ
Ĭ
þõĳĬ
ջȴݳţڵϷѹ֮
豭촽ʵ˵ģǲ߻ķݳʹ̰ĳˣʹݴӱɱǲʹǰƻĹϵκӶκ֮ս
Ȼ¶ݣ㶼֪
ÿɷ౾Լ֮Ϊŵٷʥһ֮£еĿĶˣʵҲ֪
ҡҡͷ˵²֪
׷ʵ֪ģ
ʮǰıɱŷ֮ӣñնȴౣǰΪʹŵĻЩ飬˾˵Ѳ顣
ڣɱӵݺңȻصһ㣬ϸʦļӣóƺһʦ桭˵Ķ𣿡
໺£Ĭ֮󣬲ſڵ㰡Ȼ֪Щ飬Ϊβ֪£ϷЩ꣬ԣȫԽ˰⵹Ϸ򡭡
΢΢ҡͷ˵Ҳ޷Ҫκ֮һó͢ҿƣѹȡ˵Ķ𣿡
ٴȻĿֱĿŶ֮ˡ
û뵽Щʹ޵ĵˣȻ֮ˣ
һ̣Ҳźˡ
ߵǰ˵Щ꣬ˡ
΢΢һ¡
ΨһĶʱûᡣ
ᷢʱûᡣ
صļλӣԩı洦նʱҲûᡣ
˿̣ǰӣˮֹҲֹס


410 ˫֮ս
ϷܣûȴİգԨ
κңȻڴģǴУҵԸԶʵ֡
Ϸ񼫣ϧǰܻκλʥΪŵķʥ֮·һҲǴˡ
ĵϣյϣЩˣϷһȥ͡
Ĭ˵ţһƬް
һ裬ݸ˵ԨҲδأκؼؼһͳ½֮ģûĵ꣬Ҳ֣յľҪԣҡô֪һأ
Ȼ̧ͷ𾪵ʲô
ûн͸ֻ࣬ǵİɣһɾա


ֹ
ľڵİգ֪һ顣
͢Ĵϱ߾شۣҵİʥ˵ˣĹľӱһ·ƽƣڼ
κʤѾϣΪ˼Ϳ̿Ϊ˴ĵİ룬κʾһᡣ
ĵµݽһս顣
λһսⳡսĽ֡
־ٶƶϷʵκбӮİա
İҲϣս˭ϣԼĹӮʵеĻ룬ھԵʵѹ֮£Ĵߵĩ·

ȨƣͼΣѡ;ܣôܰܵô죿
һУܻĴ
ҵϣ
ܣ

ҽʵۣȻѲϵ
Ҳˣֻ˵ˣ档
ڴİյУһ۲۵Ļ⼸еĻûӹ
ĳ֮ʮ겻üΪ˳ȻͬɱǬǬĸ֣ԶԶ
˶ڵȴľ
Ǽڻʹ֮Уκٳ£ӹоʷĳϡ
ӭսκʣĩʵ۵ϣҲһ˳
ʱκӪ֮С
£˼
򲻿գ
ǳ£͢κָΣ
ĹľͬκֻҪƽṥ볤Ȼʧһ㣬ȴ׵İ취
ǰߣѾˡ
ôܺĹʵԼսأ
˵¾Բ䣬һ򣬾һ
κ֣ѹѹ˵Сȥ
·Ⱥ˵ʵǲҴκĽʿÿһλʿĸ׵Ķӣӵɷ򣬺ӵĸףⳡսǵսҲ޵սͽˣǷģ޲ģ
ʵµı£ǰĽʿ̲꣬סĵļ׷׹ȥ
꣡
꣡
꣡
ˣصڴӪϿգκʾӸµĿһĻеȭͷ̲סա
ҪģҪĻʵ۵ͷ
ȵٳɱĻʵۣûʲôˣǸʱ򣬴ֻһС
ԣռƵ£ôֹͣж
뱣֤Ļ֮ǰԾɻĻʵۣŵΪֻľѪõġ
κʿﵽ֮ʱһӰԶٶκǰ£Ĺ͢Ӧˣ


һⲻսͽ
ƺǵıκ֮κѸռģڶǰߣڿӿ̲Ĳ
ʱ͢ҲӦ˹κս顣
ѾӦս֮λʵۣǰһ֮ս
Ƕ˵һսʷ¼ҲĵĵһΡ
û뵽κʹĵսȻչһأκô뵽ķʽս
ѵʿԸգʿͰյ
ôս
κʵô룬ֻԼ֪ʵǣ֪֮Լңڹעպһս
ġ
ݡ
ʷϳһսĹʱ˹֮ʽ˳ưԴ½ĵ·
κĴѾƽݡ
λսĵص㶨ݣͬʱҲǰ
֪ǲɺϣĹĿˣҲΪǵսᡣ
ʼҲ
һڴĽʿϵıޱȳء
Ҷڳǽ֮ϣԶһͷκ
һء
ɫȻ
ʱ
κ֮УһѰʥǿ˲֪ٵϢݳǽ֮ϣĻʻͷһۣ˵ȥˡ
ͱ£
ͱ£
һڽʿصĿڣ´ȥȥ޻ء
ĻתܵǵǿޱȵϢǹһ˿ײЦݣ˻һ⣬ʧڳǽ֮ϡ
ͬʱκҲһâӭ
κӪغݵм䣬ʱκҲڴģսжļӳֻ֣ʵ
ֻܿɫĹâƲвͣײֿٴײǰʥҲǽֵϸڣֻܿɫĹâ
ۿɼģһâѸٱİ
κӪ֮ϣӰĿգҲգĶǰ
λսǲ岻֣Ҳò֡
ĹĹͱȴκöֱ࣬ӶôأĻʵʵѾʵģսʤ¡
ǵԽԽĹâĻʡ
һλ׷¶Цݣˡ
䣬߿֮ϣһɫĹâ׹䣬ص˵֮ϡ
κʻأɫҲ΢΢Щ԰ףϢղή˴롣
ȻʵҪĻǿ࣬ԷҲĻʵۣҪ¡
ĻʻղŻʮݣٴαĲϣڵĵ֮ѾĴ
κʿ˵Ȼٵϸûʲô֮
ĻоڿҲǺԼһͨɱͬ壬ЩԪ֮ѡ
Ļʲ˲ǵѪϺȻֳһ˿Цݡ
κĿһʵЦʲô
ĻϵЦݸӲãû
κʳʵʲô
Ļ̧ͷ˵ô꣬ûо֮ôޱչôãʲô
ĻѾǿ֮ĩԼֻҪһͷȡ˿̣κʵУȻֳһּ䲻ĸо
ԥϳ֡
ֻҪһ˲ŤĻʵĲӡ
ո̽ͱס
ĻκʵڱѾήҵϢʼ˿ٵĻָ
ڻʼҵڡ
̶̼Ϣ˰ʥľ硣
κɫ䣬ȫʢʱڣֻκڣֻʣɵҲһλʥ
˿̼ȷȫʢֲκ֮һλʥֱܹв
ô벻ĹʵۣȥʼҵΪ֮⣬Ȼһλʥ
Ǵδ飬ʼӵܣٻᵮ츳
֪£ԲܺʹĻʵԼս
˿̣һжˡ
ĻʵУһ֮սӣһͷ­䡭
κʵͷܵѸϢĻ˿һ̣޵ʮꡭ

ʲô
ⲻܣ
ôᣡ
£
κһڰʥȻɫ䣬ۼ֤±ĻʿԴ֮⣬ǵУ𽥱־ռݡ
ˡ
¾Ȼˣ
Իʵ۵ݣ˺һʵ۵Լս֮Уκ˱ᣬѲٵĻʵۡ
κҪ
ռƵ£ֻƽܳɹ̲ġ
˭뵽£Ȼܷı
˭ñºĻԼսģ
˿Ȼ׷֮ʱһκҰʥϣ̵ɱ죬ʵûлָɱɱκϣ
˿̵ĻʣȻˣڻʼҵʵûȫָֻ൱һλͨʥ
ֻҪʵָ۷֮ǰɱκȻ̲Ĺ
κʥȻҲµһ̣ٵĻʶȥ
ʱһϵӰĻߡ
Źһ
һɫļʸƾճ֣κλʥ
ɱĻʵļλʥٿȻܵһΣתΪ
һλҵİʥո֮ǰһϣǽɫļʸѾǰĴǵϣüĴ
˫ǰĿʧȥйʡ
֮
Ұʥ
λʥʬ嵹أд󺧣ôû뵽ĹȻһλҰʥ
£ƽȡ
ǰʥҲƽ֮С
ղŻһǰˣʼ˷ٵĺˣǲҶģҶλҰʥ
˫޵ĻʵۣҰʥĹԱĹôôаţ
ݳǽ֮ϡ
һļž
ĿһĻ촽˶ʲôûз
»ɱκʵۡ
һɱκʥ
ϤˣպȻޱİ
̶̰ڷ飬˵һ㡣
ݵļž֮󣬳ǽ֮ϣڱĺ
Ӯˣ
Ӯˣ
꣡
䣡
ʱڣĽʿģ˴ӹȵ׵ɽ۵Ĵ̼
вˣݺݳԼ⡣
Щӣûǻ
ڿһеһУڱµļƻ֮ڡ
ʲôܵĻܵУһǰδеĻԻͣ
ˣĴףһԾΪ֮ס
ʵκʵ
ڿʼ½ֻĴõĽ½ֻһģ
ݳĳŵþòܻ
ȻôϿλˣڵ֪ҪκʵԼս󣬻ǵһʱ˹
δκʵ۵Ķ֣ס˵Ǻ׵ġ
û뵽ǣԼ
Ļʵ˵ʥʵƽʱԶԶģںʵʱ䣬ʵĳϣȴܳΪѹյһݡ
κʵ۵⡣
һ֡
ٵһֱ㲼ˣκھж֪ݺҵֱ֪ƼٵˣʼյĿģܾκʣֻߣκֻڶĿ֮һ
Ļʵۣ
Ƭ½ǿĹ֮һҲƼ
ʷûλݺЩ
ŵֻǰ֪ǻֱ徳ĻٿһУΪѾﵽһǳֲľء


411 κ
ݣڳ⣬ȫȻͬ硣
ĽʿǻȸԾиߺꡱ֮飬Ա
ܱǰʲôǰնκʵۣκˣеĹᱻԭ¡
ݹΪʵ֮ףڿʵ֮ϡ
һͳ½ΰҵʲôɱ壬ʲôɱͬ壬ʲôü˼ƽϡ
෴κУһļž
ˣǵ棬ĹʵۿԴ
ֻһӣǺĹλã㷢ת䡣
ۿ䣬κʿһ̱״ݻ١
ڼλʥĴ£κʼѸٳˡ
ǽ֮ϣһλȵʵ£ҪҪ׷
Ļ̧֣˵
£ȻһѪ
۵ʵȷκʣղһֱǿţ˿Ѿû׷֮
κʼκѾΪ塣
ƻָ֮ʱǷκ̡֮
˲ǵѪ˵Ҫչؾ޼գһˣ޳غ
Ļ뿪֮࿴˿࣬ʵ㣬ʲôʱ򡭡
ʮĺѣһֱΪ˶Ǵ壬ȴû뵽಻֪ʲôʱѾͻƵ˰ʥ֮
΢΢һЦ˵֮ǰ
ϣҲ¶ظЦݣãð
ʹһֱڹԴ˵ȴ¡
˿̵δע⵽Ұʥ࣬ĿУƺһĪĽ

ʵ֮κʱ򣬶Ǵ½һһĴ¡
֪ڰйע¡
ĲΪģ˷ɢ
ϢκκҺ壬ԱȨͬ
Ҳ޷⣬ռƣôĽ֣
˵У˶δã־塣
κݵİգеıˣû̫ࡣ
ȻɱˣܹĸãҲδزһ¡
ЩԽѶĸؼ˵ǸÿһأҪǿսǵأǵطָա
涨ǵĵ̹Ӷÿ²õڶӣÿ²õڰڣÿϹĸʱҪ֧ıꡭ
ݵİճ˶Щ帻̱ʾ֮ͬ⣬ҲڴʲôʱܴҲкܶҪ
κ
ĳĸ֮ۡڡ
һӰҴܽڵϣһ׷ߵʦ𣬱£ˣ
׷߻۾ϵı鲨ֻ΢΢̾˿վˡ
κʼκҲֻʱ⡣
ΪκݺңˣһͿء
վ˵߰ɡ
ʵȥ
ݺûĸĴƯ޶
κȻҲûдıҪߵȥϷˣҪϷλʦܣʲôֶΡ

ʲôĻʻʥ
Ұʥ
Ļʵڻɱκʣκˣ

ЩϢָ֮Ȼվԭأһš
ʿʵʦ֣Ĺô꣬˸λôҪϢһ㶼֪𣿡
ָ֮ҡҡͷ֪
ȻǾЩʵľӵʵѾʮ飬Ҳ֪ġ
λһֻı£ȻǸ֮ôȻûб¶˿顣
һս׵ĸı˴½֡
κʵֻʱ⡣
ȵ̲κĵʵ֮
ʱ򣬾ͳ֣ҲδǵĶ֡
ָ֮֮Ǹڴ֮ǰ̲κԲĹ׳󡭡


ʹĳ֮ڣͬ𾪡
κˣ
ĻʵڿԴ
ģǸʲôԵģôҪ鱨Ȼһû̽
ȱЩˣκˣҲδǻ£̽Թ߾ı⣬Ǿܴ

ưԴ½ꡣ
ûԤϵǿκȻǵһֵġ
κ󣬳̷˹ģǷκ̶̼գѾǳء
Ҳڵһʱж̲ļС£κ
ⳡսκĹʼĳκ
κκʿȫޣ֮ǳأ˵ֱֿӴ򿪳Ͷ
ⳡսУջĹҡ
ȡκ֮ĻһԾΪ½һˡ
κأռݵࡣ
ؼҲлȡ˾޴ĺôκأռһ룬ƽһ롣
ԹΪκûڴзһ


֮սŵʹżǻص˳
˺ͰϵӣڴΣ֮󣬶˼գָϻԹ
ʦλʦڵӻصɽ̫ҲصɽǴӦɽΪ˱ġ
񣬴Ĵӱ߱ߣû˳ֵɣҲûгֵıҪ
κŵκѾͶλκʥҲԴıʾ˹齵˼
Ͷûбѡ
ĻʵۣȻΪ˴½һǿߣκϣҲ׵Ĩɱǡ
ԽڵݹҲѳΪ˴ĵݵݵЩСΪĻڣ֮䲻Ҫ壬Ҳһһ̲
½ֻʣؼؼؼĸҡ
У۹Ǻʵĵһڼ̵ʱ֮ڣľʹףһԾΪ֮ס
յķòͬ
֮ǰڰͷһɨգڽϣǰͦصģϵҰµ䣬˶۴Ľһͳµ顣
ԵеʧӰ١
͢ӣӵԺʦһգʫʣڲ֮ǰ顭
̶һգµķ˴ܻת䡣
ŵҲʱ֪νıչʵһƭ֡
ƭˣչΪ֮ʵ͵͵
屳ˣǺ츳ġ
Ϊˣƫƫӵмߵ츳ʮ޳ʥУҲǰһš
һǰչ¶ʮǰ԰ʥΪնκʵۡ
Ϊ̣˲ò
תŵһֵĸо
ǰС˵Խ߲Ӧ𣬿ң߷Ľָͨľ飬ӦڴļΣʱ̣һˮ𣬳Ϊĵľ
ʵϣ飬û̫ĲС
ȻͨǣκͳǲòԮǰߵѹҲһЩɼ
ͱʮ꣬һɱκʵۣôķΪǲٵ֣ʹ˸ҳƵۣȨΪݹǣɱʵۣ׸ı½ֵĻ֮ȣֻһ΢СĹ
һǵĻô
ԴԽʲô鲻Ŀ״ԪŮʵǻϷŪǧٵ齨֮ȼ
飬ŵУĲһִܸС
һ̣ŵȻޱȵĺ棬ĻٿһУºκٵģǺˣ
κѾˣ飬ֻб֪𰸡
̤ŵһӰԺڵʯϣ̧ͷա
ŵҲ̧ͷһۣ˼ƣʲôûС
Щӣ׾һշ
ŵδ
⼸²޼İ׷ˡ
ŵһδϣЩ̬
ŵ߹ȥס
ջյĿ⣬ŵʵܼ˵˳ˣ
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵СС֣Щʱͺˡ
֮Ժǰ档
ҪʢĻ񣬾ӶҪǧѡҪײܳɻ飬λֻһá
ŵͷϵİ׷˼󣬻ûתԪ
ãݲͬǰ̫ˣԼʦʦǣǰʥǵò仯̫˻ɣŵҲ֪ǣϸܡ
ǻᾭµģȻᣬض¡
λˣŵΪټʮꡣ
ѾǴ½ǿߣŵҲĶ֣֪ԼԲٵҲܸ٣ŵ˵Ǻ¡
ֻܵȵӦе֮ٸ׸Ԫֲɡ
ŵ뿪󲻾ãһӰƾճߡ
Ļʴȡһ͸ƿƿװҺ壬ЩʵκʵľѪΪһӣ
˵ͷ˵ԳΪ޷һμ֮ѪҪƣҪ̵ʱ䡭
ĻʽװѪƿݸ˵ӽƣ޲ŵĸˡ
ˣǺ顣
Ļ˿˵ҲҪץʱˣִĵʣҲгһݣͬûģڣõծʱ˵ѾƳһЩս


412 ˵ǳ

ŵߵſʱô߳ŵ΢΢һ㶣ѿڵãҪȥ԰أʡһˡ
קŵĸ첲һ֮ڡ
ЩĴ˴֣˵ϴθҵǼѾˣû֤һ̣Ӧúһ֤
ʿ⣬˵塣
ΪĻŮӣ˵õĳȻİť
Ǿ޴Ļ¡¡죬ŵһֻͨ͸򣬷Ļɫâ˴н䣬âϵκ
һ̣ŵڣīҵͬʱʥ֮
ܵΪı仯ʻع󣬱Ķŵ˱ȭ˵л
ŵԼЩ飬ȴеĻԼŵĽ죬˸Ľһ
ǸӣǷ常ӵ̫ˡ
ŵѯʣЩսоôˡ
֮ǰṩһЩ뷨Ϊ˵κֵģûȵЩЩͶʹãκѾˡ
ЩϻǶлãīΪû̫ãǿʱĽ
һͳ£ɹҵʲôͿīҳʥ
īҰʥ˲ٿػ֮⣬Խ˵ɻһٿء
ݺҵһƣҲ˵ȫһҵظģÿֶжصı죬ݺʥٿʥ֮κ˵˼룬ݴīҳʥ֮󣬿ڻأĳʵ
ŵûġ
ýлأܹͬīΪǸĸ;ȹĲ
뿪ʱŵ࿴λС塱ĻŮһۡ
ͻưʥ֮ƺҲĳɱ䣬īһصƷʣһȡڲϣȡߵʵʰʥʵĴĻˣҲȵ徳ʦ
ŵ뿪ʲʶʲôϸǰĻŮӣЦ˵壬еīʥˣͨŮһˡ
塱ʯ۾Уֳ֮ɫɣʥˣҲأ
ʰ˰֣˵ҲûϵʲôӣҶһӺһġ
塱ʹ˵Ѫ棬ʥˣҲʴɺβۣԻΪʱǾԶԶһˡ

ŵص԰һԺﵴǧһŤͷȥٿ
ŵ߹ȥߣһ𵴡
ȻûпҲûк˵ƨȴԱŤŤճ˸λá
ŵļʵأ
šһ£ߵôҲӦǵһ޸ģôһ
Ϊʽ˱˶עʽС
ŵֻܰοõĿ϶Ҫ֪ͷȻǰ棬ûУûʲôʽѵϣ𣿡
̵Ȼϣ
һδ鱻μˣڶαˣΪδޣҪǺ棬ûеĻҲ̫ˡ
ʢĻʽһУһ㶼٣
ŵ˵˺֪Ȿͱ󣬽ǽ㣬ҲԿԺڼǻ㡭
תתһ˿ȡ
˵һǧ˴߽ϴԵĳݡ
ǧߵߣ˵ˣԭˣұͽ˽㡭
΢΢һЦüĳɫȴûɢ
ŵ쳣߽󣬸ʵôˣ
˴ȡһţ˵ˡ

ʹչҵ
꣬ļ鲼½ĳеĳЩԱеһЩ죬ڼ֮ǰļ
ôĿģȻΪ˺棬Ϊгһգսʱܹǡ
νӵ񣬾ȫóȡĵľ»ܣԼڳɧҵȣǵֶκܶ࣬йԱڶȡ·ߣȡͼֽȡ
ŵЩսȻûóʹãѾõϢɼǶԴĵ͸֮
Щ飬Ȼǲġ
ŵҲȥ
¶ǣ˵ڳûʲôҵĵƶûаǷԸȥƶһΣա
֮ǰΪ˿Ʒˣ罫ҹݺ
еУֻʣһˣŵȻҹݺ¡
ŷ˵֣˵İɣȥһҹݺ
һֱΪҹݺǣŵ뽫
ʵŵǶ֣İʥΪǡ
ȻʵϲʵۣҪߣԷҲס
֮Ƽ̷֮£ӵʥ֮µһ˵ٶȣ·һʵ۸׷˭˭˿ɾͲһˡ
촽˶һãһķ˲Ϊ˾һˣһΣա
ŵĵǣ΢Ц˵İɣҪС๫ı£һܰҹݺȫĸˣûĶʲôġ
˿˼˺һ˵ֻҪƶԸ⣬Ҳԣ˵ˡʲôʱϲŮӵˣ
ŵ˵Ķͷûʲôأϣܲҵͷ֮Ķҵ󣬾Ϳ㵽λá
Ƭ̺󣬷˴ӷȡһɰȡһͷŵ
ҹݺ뿪ʱģŵܹϡ
ŵȡ˼ͷպãȻˣЦʵĲԣ
һЦ˵˵ˣҾͲԡ
˱ıĴ߽ʵ˵ʲô


413 

ٳǡ
½Ʊãκ֮λʥһλʵ䣬κЩ飬ӰС
ڣκĵ£зһ󱭸ﵽʷ۷塣
ĽգǱնһЩ
κĹȴ̲κ󲿷ֹ֮ǱǹĴ֮ס
ĹΨһȱݣڰʥ
ǿһ̶ȣʥãҲ΢΢ˡ
οĹİʥ٣Ϊļλʥʵǿ
Ĺ࣬ΨһһλҰʥ
ʷϵҰʥ٣еÿһλ½Ĵڣ֮κηĹ߾ʥ֡
ĹʵۣһֱǸճЦĶȴϵĻɱκʵۣˣΪ½һˣѹĳѾ̲أһһǵ³
ڱƵýѣҲпܱɱǰߣκʵĺ󳾡
ǹڹĻʵʵĹӵʿҪƵʱ򣬻׸³
Ҳû취ֻһľǡ
һ֮ǰƲԤϵ½Ʊ֮죬˭ᵽκԼκʵۣﶼðһʵԶԼĹӲ֮ս֮ս
ԼҲͰˣǵѪ⣬һȻ
ͨգ󶼻Żججӡ
һЩʶ֮ʿѾΪδ
ʹ
ĳյĹ
һӰԺڵʯϣĿſմ
֪˶ãһͷ߽˵ôƯһݣǱҪЦЦ
ҹݺͷһۣ˵㱻꣬㻹ЦЦĳ
Ҳûа취飬λöôҪһܻ˳ǿɳеʧʵʵ
ҹݺ̾˿֪Ҫֿôã֪Ժܲټ棬Ͳ쳳ˡ
˿˵û뵽Ĺʵ۾ȻصôһΣֻҪɴҵĹȫ¶Ҳǡ
ҹݺһۣиֳһĨǳ
¶ˣ֪ô
ʱ򣬿²ݲҲݲ

ҹݺΪ˶ʱʹ֮һֵϣһ˶ĳǽǣһϸ˿ʳָϣöͭǮ
̧ͷĳһΡĻʳ
ŵüͷ΢ɲ
ҹݺλãȻʹ
˻ʹ֮⣬͵ŵܽߣΨʹ˵Ҫ鷳һЩ
ʹʵڵǰƬ½ϣʵǿĵطĻʵǴ½һˣҲʵ۵Ķ֡
ŵǲڲʵ۵£˴͵ġ
Ҳܾôȥ
黹ϣһþûжȻʱҹݺΣˣ£ŵû˽
գŵֻЩջ
ڹſڣһε빬
˸Ļ񣬴Ƿ˵˾Ҳ縺鱨ĸ߲㣬ʦΪŵ˵ȫģҪȱеҹݺȴֻȡӲ
ʹԶŵڽֱߵĲ̯ϣһߺȲ裬һ취
ŵ˼֮ʱͷȻһɧҡ
󣬰ָָʹĶ䡣
ǣƾʲô
Ǳﰡ
УҿˣһﵽʲôõģôΪʲôô˶Ը⵹


ŵɧҵԴͷȥһӽͷʻ
ѰڵϣһмŮüۣޱȣԵļŮӣһһˡ
ŵ˼ֺ档
ЩƯŮӣһĿˣֳװװġ
ŵҲ뵽˾кȻôͶͱһƬġ
ʲôٿڳ
ĽҲûãһӣؼҸȥɣ
㣬СӳĺÿʲôãĺÿҲû˸㡭Ĳɣ

ŵźȲҲ޹ǹƿߣ£Ų豭֣ȴȻһ١
ڸղţȻʮ졣
ʹʮ˵ѾʲôĪٵ飬ǵһ
ղŲûʲô顣
ŵĿ⣬߾òªҲڿŵӵʱ򣬾ǶӮ˵Ĺ°͡
ŵƺ뵽ʲô¶һ˿Цݣ˼
ĺ棬ָʱ
һ·ģֹһˡ
ϣ֮ò˧ӣ
ֻǵ۵ûԼôݣһ죬ֻʮ졣
ǳԽ˧Խˡ
ǳªõģҵֶΡ
Ǵֻ֪ҿԶȥ˵Ԫʵ֮⣬һܹ

˽ֵ;˵İ֮ͣһĸۡǰ
๫ȥҷɣ
ȥȥȥҺ๫˵ˣң
һȥҲֵ˰ɡ
ŮִݣªӰ˰֣˵ˣϢǣ嶼Ҫⲻסˡ
Ůԣһʧɢȥ
ҹĻ٣ۡӳյͬ硣
һһӵĻڸۡڲͣѲߡ
ҹӵļ϶һӰȰԽԺǽͥԺ֮ڣûзκ
ӺĻǣҲûзӰеӰ
ʱۡһԷ֮ڣһ˯еӰȻ۾
˯⾡ȥ¶һȤı飬˼ǽˮƽȻѾ˾ú࣬пΪ
ܿ죬ķſڣһʮ΢
ͬ裬һӰ
ߵ֮ڣмĲ£˵װˣ֪ˣ
ϣһӰȻ𣬾Ǻˣ
ŵȻ㡣
ĺԹŵʱžĳԱ͸߲㶼Ψ֪١
̽̽ţ֪Ȼ
ŵЩ߲Ŀе֪Ҳһ뾳ĵҡ
ŵԭΪԷӦúһǳ뾳ˮƽû뵽֮£ûһ뾳ˣȴǵŰʥ
ڽĪļ٣ԷûֶΣŵͲ³ݡ
е߾磬ܵ͵֮֮Կɵȡ
ѹЩƯŮӶüĿ֣һ϶ǽֲʵֶˡ
֮û˵ŵȴڿټ١
һ££꣬һ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬һꡭ
ڰУڴϣüĿӣĿֱĿˡ
𽥵ģĶͷ£ҲǾ塣
Ѿ͵˶Էһˣͨˣݣȴûзκα仯ƺһֻ꣬Ԫٵһ֡
ǰʥҲô͵
ŵϴϵӣʵ͵𣿡
һ̣ŵղŶʧȫ˻˶´۲ʶ̩ɽ͵Ķȫˣҹˣкָ̡
ŵЩ΢ĸ̾ЩʵЩĵ
ŪģֻԪԪҺһ߶մ͵Լãʱȥ
ĵǣĻʵۣʥ֮޵֣ȴֻʮԪַΪֻ꣬һָĵŰʥȴʵ
ŵ˻֣ϵƱ
λ˵ڽϣԵ޹͵һʣ㣿
㣡
ɫһ䣬û뵽ϰԵĶȻôĻ
ҵΪٸߣҲѣûǰǿʵˣ⼸һֱܽÿֻӲͬ͵ÿʮ꣬ͻỻһطסյһȴǿߵС
̽һµ˻ȥ˵۲ʶ̩ɽ֡
ŵ˵ץŽܵʲô鶼ûз𣿡
λҰʥŵ
˵ҺһƣҲơ
Űʥ͵ͬ׵Ҳֻ͵
ȻһҪԼҲĴۣ֮⣬Ǿûбֶˣǵȡ޵ģޣŵԪĺԶ˵ˡ
˵ҪôݲſϷŹҡ
ȻҲǰʥʥͰʥ֮䣬в࣬ҰʥһսˣҰʥĵһƽҲöزأ֪͵˵֮£û
ŵ룬˵һ飬֮䣬ˡ
˿̵£
ŵҪȥ͵һŮ˵ġ
׷ģݷģֻҪŮ˭근Σסδͽˡ
ŵа׻ۣס֮ڣ근ʮ
ͷ׻ֺۡܺס͸ˣ근근٣


414 ҹݺӪȼƻ
˵Ļ޺¶Ϊ֮ɫ
˵Ѿٶˣ근ʮ˵С
Ϊרһʱ򣬾ϲʮĹʮʱϲʮĹٶ꣬ϲãɺǰһ
근ʮС²ȥ֡
λǿߣʵݡɲԻһ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ȻԣһŮӣ֮Уܰ͵Ͳȥһˡ
޺̾˿˵׻ǰɣʲôӣסڹ
ΪԼĵоԵţǰ֮Ҫ͵ʺĶǶ㣬Ͼܽǰ
һ˴Ӻ͵û¡
뵽޺вٴ̾Ϣ
ʵǰ͵Ҳǿġ
Ǹʱû͵Ķ͵͵͵ò͵س͵Ϊ߻ʲôīݺң˷Һ֮⣬ҵΪ͵
ʱҶ͵һ飬ͬʱӵҰʥΪޣЩɱϷŪһҴܡ
Ȼһ죬͵ĸʧˡ
ˣҲʧȥ˵ȡΪΪ޴
Ժֻ͵һ͵Ůӵķģ͵һ͵˵ϵĹһ׳˶ͨˣܴ
һʥ䵽ĵز
ԣôĻ
ȴûϵһ֮ʧȻΪԼһλǿС
ŵʻһݸλ˵
ŵ֮ûֱõҹݺ͵ǲȡػصķ֪ȻۿκʱɱⲻζţĻʵ۶Ƿ
ڻʹ֮жøĸ֪
ʵҲЧĻʵй˻壬ϡŹֵߡ
޺ۿŻϵ̾Ϣ˿ȴҪȥ͵һ̫ŵģ
ʱŵ޺ۣʵղΪʲô͵Ϊ
ڵ伮пŰʥӦͬ׵Ϊ͵ģҵİʥһ񣬿ֱӱ͵ĵ侳硣
ңƫŵɣȻһǿס
ŵ֮޿֣ΪñҿƣҵΪ͵ġ
⣬ʶٴδλģҡҡͷ˵͵ˡ
ŵ΢΢Щ죬ʵ͵ˡżмصĵ͵ΪǼٵģ
޺۳̾˿˵ҲǼٵģ˵
Ƭ̺ŵЩĿԭżмصģ׷ɱλҰʥ㡭
˿̣һʷǰĸо
ŵֹһεڵ伮пй
Է֮Щ飬ûмصˡ
ԭǰмصЩֻĪʧȥˡ
Ҳǣһ͵Ȼôñһô棬ȲҲҲģֻһʧȥ飬ٴθܵĻĵ
ĵ֮Уƺ̲һ˿
ǿ߲ó٣СӵеģǶԷģȴ֮õģԷȴֿȡ


ʹ
׻ۻ߳ʹüͷ΢΢ǷѾ͵ˣȴʼûвȡʲôĪǼ֮Ҳŷңöںˣ
Уһ㷢
Ǵҹݺͷģϣ˿ͷʱ뵽Զá
ڽϣʱ·ЯֵŮ
׻۵Ŀ⣬ɨһΪЧڶܵδŮ֮飬ҲĳЩ־ᶨŮ֮ܵĶ˺ͼͥȻѹľٶ
Ʒ鷢

Ȼһ׻ûлͷѾʮˣ֣Ȼǽġ
ǰ˼Խ٣нŲܿ׷
㶫ˣ
һİСܵǰ棬һݸ˵ˡ
׻䣬Ȼˣŵģܸղ̫ΪʦȻ˶֪
һˣĲߴ󣬳ҲΣ˵ª׻۶ȴĪĲһЩøС
Ϊһʮ꣬ûôйˡ
ӹǷ·ߣմȾ˻ҳȻҪ
û뵽Ӽˣٴνʵ㲻Ҫ𣿡
׻۵˵ҪʲôУ䣬ҪˣҪĽУ˿Ц
ԣҡͷ˵ҪĻҾˣУ仰ˡҲͬŮӾƣʱԽԽ㣬ֻҪһģҲ
ڻ˵͵ǹҵģ͹һΪ񡭡
׻ûдӦҲûоܾ
ý£Ҫڸʲô

ʹ
ҹݺ򿪷ţŸͷĹŮЩɻʵأ
ÿ죬￴һΣѾûˣ⻹ǴһΡ
ǹŮ֪ҹݺݣҲҶ˵ʲô˽֮ҡͷūҲ֪
ֻǣڻصԼסߵĽʱȴһ˷ܺͰԵı顣
˵û
˵ˣ˵ϲһӣ⼸һ𣡡
ʮ˰
˵ӳĺܳҲʮְСҲ֪ʲôˡ

ӵд½ǿ鱨ϵͳΪ߲㣬һ˻켸գȻȥ
Ůӳ԰ӣⱾǺ顣
δ޵İѾʮ䣬ȴһλʮĳªӣͲòǺˡ
е԰Ҳµȥ֣Ǽʳˡ
ǰƽʾˣ飬˭뵽˽ַܼ۵Ļ⡣
Ҳǲòпǿ󣬾ȻʮҲ˻
ٳǡ

Ϊ¥ʵ֯ܲĹԱȨȻмɵƽﻹǳһ鱨ܱá
˿ڣһ߿Ű׻ֹۣ
׻ۿһۣʵʲôֱ˵Ƶġ
˵˵һߵĺܽ
׻üͷһʵôˣ
æûôЩģˣӦú˼ôཿ檣ҪõʲôˣҲЩӵ飬˲ҪȴҪ͵㣬㲻ãͼ𣿡
׻۵ɫĻѾԽԽѿ
ٴοڣ˵㲻˵ˣͼʲôͼҵӣͼҵĵλҪͼͼɣЩֲǲܸڱӡ
˵գ㾶ֱȥ
̾˿Ե̽ЩģӺͰ֮£ף˶⣬ƫƫΪ߲㣬Ӧüʶ㣬ļǿİУ޷԰Ρ
ңӻ˵ĳª
ǲڰʲôЩˣȻҲԸһһĸ
Ȼֻɣֻ˺̵ܶʱ䡣
ʲôֻ˵è˼Ը𱬣Ƣ꣬ҲҶ˵Ҷʡ
úĳʼ԰ڡ
һۣں֮ϡ
˵Ϊʼ׻ƾȨ
޺۳Ŵͷʵһܶ鷳˰ɣ
׻ڴͷҡͷù˵ʲôķ羰ɣ
޺תͷĹˣЦ˵ؾɫ֮֮һ
ʮ꣬ǵһ˺˵Ļ׻ЩߵĵͷΪҸһû뵽˵ʱȻΪһθ顣
ѵĲ
޺ۻʵۣƽʱЩʲô
׻ۻصҸĹ鱨ƽһЩĹϢżҲΪµܵ취ԵڸҪԱߡ
޺ۺʵЩܵڵԵ׾ˣ᲻ѱ䰡
׻۵˵ͷ˵ȷ鷢һ£ǻһЩǵİѱģҲҸж⣬ѱ䣬ǻᱩ¶ǵݣԼҲûкýѱܵ࡭
޺۵˵Ĺı߾ԽԽˣĹ³ǿս֪ڴİŵܵ಻࡭
׻ЦЦ˵İɣĹ͢ؼУкܶǵˣǵĶܵѾ˴ĳһλȨУȡΡ
޺һ˳ʵĹĵλӦñߣѱô죿
׻۵һ뵣ģãڹУұѣñɣҿųģԲΨһˡ
޺룬˵ЩܵҲΪǴ£͢ǣһζв˼ҺģԳ͢ԹޣҪܵ˺õ㣬ʱʱдűһƽĸԸΪ¡
׻ϸ˼⣬ͷ˵еǶѾˣ⼸£˲ÿóԺúȵģҲû
޺ҡͷ˵ұˣÿ춼кóԺúȵģҲῪġ

ʹ
ҹݺͷһƬգ̾˿֮ԺĵŲӡ
ͲǰסįӣҪȻҲѡǻֵ
ûһѾĵĿˡ
ĳһ̣Ŵ򿪣һӰ˽
ҹݺ˰׻һۣĿиֳЩɫЩŮ˵һª˺ˣν߸С԰֪
û뵽ЦҲһ档
׻߽֮󣬵Ŀҹݺһۣ˵׼һ£ҳȥ
ҹݺһ㶣ʵȥ
׻ôãȥ͸͸
ҹݺ¶ϲɫϲģ
ת䣬ȻѾˣ׻аɵ˼Ȼϸ壬Լǿһ㡭
ʵҹݺȥ˵Ǻܼ򵥵顣
츳ˣֻ۷Ϊӳģ׻ۿ˵ôã϶ҲˣȥϹ䣬ЩѶҵģ֮󣬸дһţ˵ܺãعİﳯ͢¡
ҹݺĿһ۰׻ۣ⻹ʶİ
׻Ƴһۣʲô㲻ȥ
ҹݺջĿ⣬ͷ룬룬Ȼ룡
Ƭ̺߳ţſĽֵȺҹݺ˿ɵĸоð
δãԭ֣ôҸһ飡
׻۸󣬿ıഺӣвпҲйõ껪
ֻǸʱûϧһк͹ϣֱڷź
δϡ
֮̾Ŀǰҹݺ
ҹݺأ
ͬһʱ䣬ٳ֮ĸ߿֮ϣҹݺţղ˳һǺ«ûߵǺ«СԣȻ§ס
ûӦǰһ˲ͳ˳⣬߿֮ϡ
֮˵ݣ¶ϲ֮ɫѿڵŵ
ûûСн򣡡
ŵ£ǽһӰƿն˲Ϣ
һλ׷ҹݺǰߵԭǵĿ׻۽һܵû뵽ջֶܵϣΪ׾ӵֶΣƭ磬Ҳδ̫ˡ
׻֮£˵
³è塣
֮һֱûв֣ڵĻĴ㣬û뵽ĻҪ󣬾ȻһλĹİʥ
촽һ˵ʲôȴȻһ͡
һ̣Ȼ˽һҲܶ
һ̣һƥĵ⣬ǰ
䣡
һ֮嵹ɶأǶ˳ǽ֮С
ǵնڳǽ֮ϣĳǽնһȱڡ
ȻһѪһѾˡ
ǵһ㣬㣬ҲЩ̫ˡ
ŵҹݺ֮¸֣˲ϢԶȥ
ն֮۵ĵһʱ䣬ʹ֮ڣһλۣڻ԰ͻӺȻ̧ͷһ̣˱ԭʧһɫ⣬ֱ׷Ӱȥ
ŵҹݺ֮⣬۳һ֣ܲٶȡ
˵Ӱÿÿٷһξ룬ͻǰ˲һΡ
ͷһۣǵɫĹâǵľ
ŵٶʼղ䡣
׷֮ˣ뿪֮ٶȴ𽥼
ԼĪһӣӹһĺ֮ŵûܣҰϿգûϢһӰ׷󰶣ȴûжɺӣվڶ԰
۵̧ƣӰϿ۳һֻ޴ƣŵҹݺ¡
ڵҰ֮˲Сŵֻ̧
ŵӣ¼׷
ʼվںӵ󰶣ĹԴ˺Ϊ磬ҰĹڴ˺󰶣лɱԷİգҰľͲôˡ
ģ塣
Ŀ˶԰һۣڴ˵ؾٴλһ⣬ʱķȥܿʧ˵֮ڡ


415 ž


ʲôˣ
е檶Ӱ
ǶǸʲôԵģǶһ𣿡
ˣ˯ˣ

һڸ߲µĻ㱨˷ŭ֮⣬š
׷ܵĿұ죬ô˶ţȻһˣ
ĳڰ׻ߵʱǾۣϾܵĴӪ˼мֶΣǼѾ顣
Ȼ㲻Уįһӵİ
׻۴վԭأһţ૵࣬ƭң
վߵɸֵĿûأһʼӽͱĿģҾ벻ˣôֲ꣬߻˶Ƶ¼ôôǳԵļıûͶ㹻ˣϲһŮ𣿡
׻ʧǵվԭأѾȥ˵κһ仰
һϲһˣȻĽ֡
ΪʲôҪƭأҪҹݺԸǿһ취ȫԲӰ
ڳļλ߲㣬ϵı鶼̫ÿ
ĴӪõֶΣҪʾߣڴǵ׷δմŭղڹС˶һѪͷ
˺½ڡ
ҹݺߣ˿Ѿѱˡ
ѱ䣬ĹܵΣա
֪ǵϢЩѾûˡ
ԴУЩܵĹڲȻᷢһңȻô˻ᣬƶǰսߣĹĵ̣վͳû㹻Ӧ߼л
ġ类ôһŪֱܴ裬һҪץʬΣ

׻ԣĿ¶֮ɫ
Ȼƭһ⼸죬Ⱳĵļ죬ϣǵ׷һƽƽ޲֡
˿̡
֮⣬һСϣһڻʻ
֮ڣü۵ӵұƿ˿ǹеץӣǻ꣬ӱ½ʥ׷ɱʱ򣬻ûڵڣ֪ء
뵽۷ʱĻԻֲͣ̾Ϣ
ѵǵ̫ˣʣ˻ľһ㣬檶һ㣬ֱһǴҪһС˵۸


԰
ҹݺŷ˵ؿڣôòôãֱˡ
˰Ȼͦͦؿڣ˵֮Ȼͻˡ
ûʲôӵʹϷ룬ֳ˳˵ˡ
ҹݺ΢Ц˵ݵ㲻𣬶Ůݻݲء
˿ŵ˵лл๫
ŵû˵ʲôǰһСȵٺúлл㡭
԰ٺҹݺ֮󣬷˲ʲôŵôƶȻģ
ǽҹݺȥһϸĿܡ
ʥΪҲ񲻵ôġ
ŵľһ顣
Ӫҹݺȷһ׵飬ãƺÿһʲôʱܻ˳Ϊѣɺϵףⰲһ
Ҳ𣿡
һ𾪣ĹŹ֣԰̫Ϥˣ񲻵ʮ밮ʲôӡ
ҹݺֶαʾ𾪣ȻŮӵĶ͵ʮİݰ޷԰ΣҲ̫ˡ
ŵʼ磬˵ҹݺڻʹҪְֻ취ˡ
Ȼһصʥġʥ֣еģҵ̺Ĺ򣬱˵ʮ꣬ʮ꣬һֻ꣬ҪŮˣӲƿء
ҹݺ˻񣬶ŵصʩһ˵ƶлл򡣡
ŵ˰֣˵һˣÿ
ûռǽá
ŵո뿪һӰ˽˷˻ҹݺˮ䣺ΪҲˡ
ıһСʱһοûˣûˡ
֪˶ãҹݺ뿪Ļ˲ᣬô֪
΢΢һЦ˵Ҹġ
˵֮ҹݺ˵ϲ㰡ԺҲһ˳еЩˡ
ֳָһ˿ǣ˵ӵˣһʹ˰ݣҵģǻᱩ¶ݣʱ򡭡
˵أ¡

Ȼҹݺ֮ŵʱûʲôˡ
ûȥԹͼžۣȻҲӵƬ½ʵǡ
ΪѾͣڵ徳۷ˣûͻƵļ
ŵ̹࣬Ϊ˼룬ʧȥӣӣӵʱΪͻơ
Ҷ켣ƣΪȴһ󾳽ԭ
Ϊʵҵ룬ʧȥһУȷֵ𾴡
಻ͬŵߵģһ·
꣬ڷ˵ľӪ£ҵǮѾĻˣóһҲƣһרڴĸأ조ϣԺͯѾͶƾ֮ǰ
巨˫ޣܴﵽʥľ磬ʵһ̨ס
ʱ򣬾ʵۣ㲻ȡʤҲȫˡ
Щ飬з˰ŵԼڲͣı顣
ҽ䣬ũ䣬ī䣬飬С˵ѧԺαЩƷĸ㣬Ϊ
ңġ
˵еĿģ½һͳ˵Ҳһ£ûսңû˹ĸңרڹҵķչյĽʺе
򣬺ˮ
򣬳Եˮ
򡪡û£ҾʣûʲôҪģ
Դҹݺס԰֮С˵Ļˣŵ֪ǸлԼʵѾлˣֻŵֱӸֻˡ

Щӣÿ춼֡
ǰߵĸϢϵĴ
ףһԾΪĴ֮ףʿǰԵأĵأһһΪİգҲɡ
֪ʲôʱ𣬸ĵϢУʼһЩ̫г
дԵķ˹ܵ
ˣԼ˹ƵĸַΪϢġ
⣬ĳ͢УҲѱ͸ɸӣ೯͢Աн檣ܵһϸ˳
ģôҪһ
ЩԱͽ죬ЩӸλЩ֪лܣЩϢһйܸشʧ
Դˣĵ˾Ѹ˳塣
ЩǼϢΪҴĳ͢µļơ
˾ĳ壬Ҷö
ǵĻҪ
飬ǺܿƽϢˡ
û취ķ˹ؼ̲ɼѲʷŵ˵ӣ˵ܵҥԸҴҲš
ʲôˣ
ǰ֪ΪǴĶӡ
ڣǰ棬Ѿټϡ֮ӡ⼸֡
ķʥͨ죬ڴ⵽κͳ֮ʱǿ߷κǰߵѹڹд󹦣͢ûмν
ο˻аʥΪ˭б²
Ǻ½ܵðΪͼҴĵı
ЩܵĶһĳ͸ˣҲ̽ӣֱ£ʹܴˣȵ졭
Щҥԣֻڳ죬ͳûϢ

԰
ŵֽӽ¯֮Уȼճɻҽ
ҲҹݺȻ֮Ǿ͹Ϸ˰ڴĵܵ˵һǧ˰٣ҪЩܵйԱ;н춼ܵǣʱлûܣľʹڲˡ
ݷ˵󲿷ֵܵСͽݺҲֵϴѵڱѾɼҵ꣬Ҳᱳѡ
˼ĿƣΪ
ܵûΪģͻƲֽһӶ
ͬϴԣҵֶΣҪݺҸĶࡣ
ǱϴԵĶôҲֻһ֣ܵݣԼ֪Լܵ͢ȻҲʲô
򵥣ҲǽµӰ콵͵ķ
ٹųд󲿷سֶȥͳײˣȻա
ŵȡһ飬ĳһҳ
һҰʷ飬ŵ֮ǰǵӿģһЩ֮ʶЩҰʷƺҰʷ
һҳ˵е͵ŵ֮ǰǲŵġ
ۼˡ
ʮҪУһ仰飬ȻһְֳС͵֡
ϻ˵ʳҲֻڰʥ֣ǵ۳ıУﲻնܹƿʥķ
ŵȻûмϴԵҵʳһΣҲǿѨ硣
һΣǽҵˡ
Ҳ˼ƾһ֧ʣдһ˵涨ʲôʱʲô飬ȫǵԸǿпĵ뷨ԸԤؼʱؼΣ߼¼
ԭΪҵҴ꣬һŵ֤ʵ
⣬ļޡ
ŵĿ⣬һҳһС
ʹʥɥΪ򳬷ʥ߸಻Ҳ


416 ֽ
Թ
Թİգףһ¡
ݹĴ飬³˾УһͬĴ£ݹĻ£ԹѰϢϢء
λ񣬳͢䲼һϵеɣ漰漫֮㡣
ȱصĸĸ͢Ը˺ͼӵеޣϸĹ涨֣ȫչУ޵ػٵ֮ˡ
Ӧģ͢˵ߣصĵ⣬ӵеֱأӵеԽ٣еĵԽ٣ӵеԽ࣬еĵҲԽࡣ
֮ǰ͢ҽƸĸķչѾʵԹÿһÿһأϵ˶𲡣Եҩ
ĸĸ͢ҲƳϸ
Ӽ׼ڸݽĹѧжͯܵͬʱչɨä˶мƻвԹյʶʡ
ʶֵˣֻܸһЩʶ֣ѡĻƶ࣬õֵĹǮձҲࡣ
Թ͢һδĶԿƾٽ˸ĸ
ԭУƣֿƣƣʽȡе鷨ؼ滭Ҳȥ¿ƾٱҾһ֣ѧؼɷԼ񷨵ȨأһȨؼߵۡ
һƣҪѧͨ¼Ҫ⣬ȷԲߣϵʵѧ
ܵ˵һĸʹƽӵܣڿƾӱ
ؼֿؼؼ鷨ؼ滭ҪͶǮĿĿѰոӴ
ѧɷ񷨣ϣʿӵܣȰӵܸռơ
Ȼ͢Ҳʿһ·Ǹ׽Ӵգ뾳ңͨƾ٣ֱ볯Ϊ٣ͨߣȻʧλҲᱻᡣ
һЩḣн귨ڷѰ
Թİգ»Զǣһǰǵ˷츲صı仯
Ȼĸ䷨⡣
εĸĸУҺ壬棬ܵ˼𺦣ǶԴˣҲǸŭԡ
ⳡĸǱºƶġ
ͱ£ԹС֪ǾǱºĻʷ
ʢĺӣǱֻǲ²⣬Ǻǲģʼû֤ʵڣ֤ʵˡ
ʢĺӣĺӳĻٽϱ¶ôãɵӶܲµǱº׹⡣
º޶ˣԹеҲǶ֡
½ĶʮֻʣĹΨԹʱսţӵаʥǿңսǰҲһ
ԹǶܳؼ˭ȡʤĿ꣬һԹ
һҪºػʧһЩ棬Ҳֻܵͷ
мղŵ³ˣԹݣǹҸѾǹһǰ˺Լҵˡ֣֡ݹĴ飬ҲףԼµ
һƬ죬ظԹͬͳ˵Ǽ䲻ùһꡣ
棬Ǵ½һ˵Ļͳ˧Ĺһ·ɨ޷ֿһڰʥǿߣֻܹھ֮зأҳӭС
Ļ֮£ǰЩӣ̲κѾȫ˳
ˣԼĹࡣ
̲ԽԽ࣬ҰͼԽԽĻʵʵѾ޵ĽӽʥˣĻʵۣʵҵİʥ¾ʥҲκβĻˡ
ʹ֮ڡ
ңһߣʵʦޣӦô죿
κͼıĹ֮ʱô뵽龹Ȼᷢչ
ʱԵԣԲſκԼں֪֮Ĺǿɽһʱʱ䣬κƽĹ
ڣһжˡ
߿ǰս˾þõĳĬ
о԰յļƻȻɽûʲôñԹģֻ˵ˣݺ֮ˡ
ʲģʦ֣ܷĻʣ
ʦҡҡͷ˵Ѿõʱ֣Ҳֹˡ
ʼȲĵ˵ѵֻԴУ
ʱʦԵһλ߳ڣʵһ취ʦܡ
ʦƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲô̵ԣͷô
ҡҡͷʵµ㻹бİ취𣿡
ʦ˼ã˵ʦӦûлᡭ
߾
ͬĹѹȳҪСһЩ
ĹҵλʥλλǰֻҰʥ࣬λͶϵκʥ
κʥڶǿߣκ֮ǰͶʹʵսƻȥһЩ
ĳǳ֮⣬Դ
ֻҪĹ̲֮ǰռĹ㹻أôµΪҲĻ൱ĲΣʱ򣬾ƽٴηת
սϵƽʹʿǣ˳˼ǳأĹӳ˲
ǽ֮ϣǴıɵͥԶ˻֡
ڴͬʱ֮ǰһȻеǧﾵԶƲ㣬𾪵ʲô
ǧﾵѾԿԶƲ֮Уڵ֡
֮ԶܿôĳǾʲôȻ
Ϯ
󣡡
׼ӭУ
̴˷صĺŽǣ˲Ϣ֮һӴıƱ˲γɣӪ֮УλʥŸ߿֮ѸٽӽǼֻĲ壬סǰ̽˼
һλҰʥڣǲ뿪Ӫ
ңȴӵпֶΣ֮һݡ
ֻĿǼֻͷɹƺʲô׹
䣡
޴Ģʮɵıϣ̷˾ҵĻζ
ۣ
ۣۣۣ
Ȼɴڣв֪ٵ;Ϊı䣬һѪ˲˹ȥ
λʥɴ۾Ŀ¶µľ֡
ղŴӾĶ۷ʥһ
ֶֹһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һĢƣϸʮɵķϣֻ˼ͳױĢȺֻһڵľ޿ӣصĲ֫ϱۡ
ţǳ֮УȻһ֮
Ļ񣬴ӳǵصķɳڸ߿֮У³ĳ״İⰵٶȼ죬ǿÿһŵﾳĹеľϵľǿԷľ֮£һʱ䰧𡭡
īһʦأٿػ˹ǣ
һʥʦǿߣסͽʿĹͬʱĻ˴Ӿ߳״İЧϣ죬Ӱǵж
ûʹս֮ϣߵɱ¾
ʱĳǽ֮ϣһӰɳ
ʿ塭
Ů̧֡
һ˴ڱеһֱתͷȥ
֮Уһīһʦֻŵ
ãҸӦЩˣ
˶ȡǶԻ˵ĿȨ
Сģ

ò˱ƣԷЩȥȴûϵǵĻʿȴڲǷɱ
ոͶļλκʥ˿мȰûڡ
˶СĹ۷ʱڵĴκҲܲסĹ˵Ŀ񱩵ĹԭڵֿκʱǸû棡
ˣͶͶˣ˻֮Ȼ˾ͬʱɳ󣬸ڡ
ҵԸ
ʥ˲Ҫ嶯


Ϊܵʥص磬ǰʣ޴ĳ軹ûϴ壬һذϢʹӱ߾
ʮʧأĹ²
κͶϵİʥѣ֮λʥҲĹͶ
һз̫죬쵽͢Ͱ޷ܣȴҲòܡ
ܿ죬½ϾͲˡ
ʹ֮ڣʿһӰʦҲҪ޶ȥǰʥ۷壬֣δһ
߻ͷһۣ̾ϢݺҪԳֵʱ򣬾Ѿ׵׵ˣˣϷҲˣˣ͵ϣѾԼء
ΣųߵӰԶȥδ
Ϸ˺һ̻Ի͵Ĵֻưܺͻ


ʹ
߿ŶӰʦκʦͬʱ񣬹ʦ֡
۳룬˵ֵܣаδ˰ɡ
ʦһˡ
κʦͷ˵û뵽Ƕʧˡ
ʦߣʵʦ֣ĹλݺңǺˣĪʦյĵӣ
ҡҡͷ˵ǰǷֱҲûҹʦ飬ֻʦ֪ˡ
ˣ֮˵ˣֻȥһʦˡ

֮ء
λڴ½֮ϣ϶ˣһƬǧ֮ء
ﳣ걻ѩǣǣѰ˱¶⣬һᱻУ߾ߣ޷þӡ
ŶӰһѩɽ֮¡
Ϊݺҵİʥ˶ŵ۷Ϊѩ˵㲻ʲô
ǿ˲Ϣɵɽۣǻӭŷѩɽһߵɽһ֮ǰ
λ۷ǿߣڱǰפãȴʼղȥ
գκʦǳ߱˱ȭ˵Ǵʦ֣롣
ϸֳһ˿֮ɫ˼󣬻ǵһ߽˱λ̸
˱Ӷڽ룬ʮס
һԲεʯ̨
ʯ̨֮ϣڷһ߱ס
һȫ˱˪ӣڱ֮У˫ֽС֮ϡ
ڿӵһ̣λߵϣͬʱ¶֮ɫ˹ڱ֮ǰĿͷͬӰݼʦ
ǻ£֮ڵ˪ѩʼѸٵڡ
еӣϵı˪ҲѸٵȥɫۿɼıĺ۾¶һ˫˫ͫӡ
۾һðʥ۷嶼սѵϢڱ֮ڡ
׸ǻƮӵ壬ҲӱƮվ˵ǰãȻĿ⣬𽥻ָѣ³һںʵΪʦ˯˶ã
ߵʦ;ûѾһˡ
Ŷ⣬һ꣬Ҳˣ˭Ӯˣ½Ĺһͳ£κǳ
Ƭ̺
һŵĿˣ૵κ붼ˣĹһͳһ꣬Ǿڸʲô


417 ճɾ
Թ

صԹ֮Աڳӿġ
ϲ飬ÿǣŵڹͷɢ
»󼪣
ףԸλ±˫ɣͷϡ
ӣ

ԹϲķΧ֮УŵƽʣյŴš֣֡Сﶼ˺
ʵ֤˵ĵȴġ
ⳡ񣬿ʷ֮˵˺ͰȲϣʵҲˡ
ڻĳﱸϣ֪νӡ
ɲɣ˾̫ɼ磬̫ʷڣ߱ǼӭҪԶԶӭȢͼǴΡ
ֱӵ£ĴⶼŨࡣ
ŵҲֻһһĺǣĺãҲƣ˺ͰȻռȻǸʱŵһвŸո𲽣ûʵ͵λʶԸΪôŮʡ
ȻһֱλãȴȵõʱҲǴӱķ棬ԭҷ˵Ĳ
ŵֱۣԴŵļͷһ·Űǵ»ףأϵЦݾûʧޱȵ㡣
õӣʢĳ棬ף
ǳ˵㣬һжֵá
ǰҹӻʹ;ƻͨ
ҹûտɳҹڣɫ֣иѾʼæµʳֺŷ֮æڰǰѾΪյϯ׼
ʱչ̫ǧʦ졶ˡϲ֣Ŵ࣬ղݡ
ӼǰЩ˻ԹޣԹҽңͨ죬㽻·ܣıȻ١
ڣȻҲһƬŵƽʣޱȻ졣
߽޵˵⼸̫ˣղҫһϼͷڣ˵Ǳǳʱĺá
ΪԼĻѾʢˣȣԵޱȺᡣ
ڸĽ磬ǻϵĻͯЦίôã԰԰ڰɣǾʱһ
Ľǰոչʮգǰ꣬˼ִȣ˼˿Ϊĳ۲ݡ
Ҫվ˽ߣ
УҪվߣ
ʦҸãҵģ
СѾͷȻ˼꣬ɵĲʡģŵոհǣֵóӭ͡
ţò
񣡡
Ϊо
Ŵˣ룬λѾˡ

ȻѾﱸʢˣŵȻҪ˾øԲ
ԣصؽĸμˣףԼһЩ˹
褺ǰ߾У޷μ֮˼ˣգŵٽͻسʸķɻʣŵīΪҲʥ̵ܶʱܽ͵
λ֮յܳ˫ִָһѿ̵ҿ̷ֵֿ־Ӱ죬̵Ҳ
Թɴ˫ۣһĵֻڴ˵Ź
һ̲סʵµ˾տʦλʳ
˰֣˵ʲôʳҲʳңԼϹĥġ
Ķһ˵±룬̤ʳҴָһ
ҡҡͷ˵ûʲôָģֻҪģ˶ʳҡ

ҡҷϲڣŵ˹ͬмϵͬĽĺŵɫϲۣͷڣɫʯͷϼϵĽߣҫ˸ڹԡ
ʱѵ
Ϊٵվǰ̵ѣǬʣ֤ˣһأ
ŵתհݡ
ŵ沢ï뷼дѵ崺ٰͣݸã
תĸ͸״й֮񣬣˶豭Ķ״ˣȲ衣
΢Цӹ豭һڣܿǰһˣ̾һμŮվˡ
ɪӳɽˣ޶԰ݣ
ٴδŵת˴ˣ΢΢˿յοոͷĶζʱŵѹƲסЦݡ
ҡӰӯңԵϣ붴
˱λŮ뿪չеʽ֮Ҫд͵ġ
ŵոƱͰ˰֣˵ǺǣһֵǧֵܻǿȥɣùȾˡ

֨ѽ
ŵ߽ϵ£ԢŶӶรѵˣ˿̰ڴߣ˫ȽĲһֽϡ
ŵڴ߹ϵ̽Ӹˣͷһǣ̧ͷĿй
һ̣Ѿ˲֪á
˿ͷƮȻأŵ֣˵ӣúȽˡ
˻̧֣ԼַС
¶ʱץǷ飬»֮ҹץס֣мḶ́ʮ꣬жΨԼ֪
꽻ƺǰĿֱĿŵȻ๫
š
๫
ţ
û£Ҿô㡭
һ๫Ѿ飬ڿԹĽгôһܻġ
ϲ۵ӣô
๫
ӡ
๫
ӡ
Ǹһˡ
һʲô

ҪҪժ˰
ȴŰɣźÿ
̨̽ϣоĻ򣬾һͻӦУȼյԽԽ̣ٿһֻȻϨ
žĻ鷿ڣΨзڴµ໥ײöķ֮


418 Ļʵ
峿

λȲ衭
ʵʵĵϥڼ˺Ͱǰ⼸Ȼţʽ֮󣬻ǵʵʵĸȹŵ˾衣
˴нӹ豭һڣϿˡ
Ƶĺţһ⼸յջǷ²豭ַ˵ɣԺһˡ
֪վһԣЩĽĿһĻ
ΪŮʣǻʽ֣ӵеġ
վ⣬Ȼ˿
һʱԣЩŮҸֱգ그µĴڵõȫֲ
ԶԶĿŷڵݺݺ࣬뵽ԼǸľͷŮ˵ĶӣƵ̾˿޵ꡭ

ʢĻվҲҪĻ
գϲķΧѾ
ʱ֣һֻ񡯴ʧããʡ
Թͻس֮ŵ԰ߵĲݵϣкȻӿһֿյĸо
ԴΪԪΪʵһֱڱûķⳡ֮ʼձŵǸңȻɵˡ
ԪѲõǵ顣
ʵȻ˵ûе֣ԴɢҲƣҵӵؼƶյĽҰʥһΪڵֲϡ
֮⣬ΪȲκ󣬴ĹԾûУֻ̲ʱ⡣
ģѾҪʲô
ʱֲͣ⼸ǺͺӵĿǷˡ


Ļһ·ɨݣ޷̶ֵ£ʧѽ룬Ҫ˶ãҲҪκ֮󳾡
ĹӪ֮ڡ
ĻȻ̬񣬲֮ǰᣬȴһǻ顣
ȵδɵҵɡ
ȨʵһУֿɵã
ֻǡ
ŴµĹԽԽ࣬ԪҲĵԽԽ죬뾡һͳʥ֮ʱӵ޾Ԫ
վ׼ٴγ
һֻ̣˻ȥųڵλߣ΢΢۾
ʥ۷塣
λʥ۷ݺҡ
ı鵭Ȼڻɱκ֮ǰλʥ۷壬ȷܶһЩвɽʱͬգﲻǳʵ۷壬ʰˣҲ׾١
һ˶˱ȭ˵Ļʵ۱£ҵˡ
Ļڣһѹ֡
̵ҵûж⣬ˣͱһס
Ļʵ޺Щݺңûʲôý׵ġ
ЦЦ˵ܴ󣬱ºλݺңҪһͳ½һ׵顭
˵꣬ȡһöƿģȻ顣
ƿѣһϢƿɢ
ܵϢһ̣ĻȻվĿ¶֮ɫ
ϢȻֻмһ˿ȴиܵ˾޴в
ʵȻƬ½ĵһˣƾһϢܵвģΨС߾ʥˣ
½֮ϣȻʥ˴ڣ
Ĭ֮Ļʻ£ɫʵҪʲô
ߵѾܵˣµĹԽ࣬ԪıԽĿ죬£ȱ´ԪҪľ˰ɣ
Ļɫ䣬˵Ȼʵ㹻ٵȻܳŵǸʱ
˵ͳǵƿأʱͶһΪʡ´ʱ䡭
ĻĿһǿԲʱ˵ȻǺ¡
ˣ˵ʲôô
ЦݺöʱƣĽȻעΪ¹ȻҲܻúô˫ӮĽ֡
Ļ΢΢۾
ݺ֮ǹ󣬲ΪϲƱ˵˼Ϊǵʱƺ䣬вԣͶǳе顣
лɣʵǼʥˣɱһͳ£Ϊλȵգ
ҡҡͷ˵ν´ƣʥ˵ֻһϷѣ֣ʧȥⳡϷ壬ʦʱκӣû뵽ȴǲ۵Ĺߵһ±λݺңȻЩ¡
ⲻյһ仰ˣĻʿǣʵ˵ģޱݺңʲô˼һıߵգȫԼʲôݺң
λ߶һۣԴӶԷ￴˾ȡ
ʦһʱҡҡͷ˵ʱգڣϷ򲻷˵һ㣬ǱûݺƾԼ߲һġ
Ļʣ˲ûж֮ġ
Ϊݺңݺҵİ
νʵۣŪż
Ļʱ󣬱Ȼݺģֻû뵽ԼȻ֪
Ļʿˣ˾þõĳĬ
ղֻǰװһ£ߵգȷ벻һˡ
ʦ˵֮ǰݺңٵƭ֣ʹС˸ҳƵۣɱɱκʵۣĹΪ½ǿΪȻѾǡ
Ļһ£ʲôٵƭ֣
õٵȨ֮ѪԼʥǿߵѪƵģʲôƭ֣
Ļɫʦɻ½֮ɱĹͬȨѵΪңСΪһͳ׼
Ļʵɫĸ
ʲôôңСΪһͳ׼ɱЩͬȨΪٵҽңʲôݺҡ
Ƭ̺
ʦģһѪɫĵ軺Ư
ⵤУãҡͷ˵Ϸ˵ԵƬ̣Ϸȥȥͻء
£һӣʧС
ĻʳĬãһλߣʵǵʦݺʥˣ
΢΢һЦ˵д𰸣𣿡
ĻʳĬûпڣһϢ˵ѹԷȻʥɡ
ôû뵽ʥ伣֮󣬴½ϾȻʥ˴ڣǿĵڱƿء
ȻԼʵţҲΨڳôһӦʥ˵ĵ
˿̣ޱȵķҡ
ȻðݺʥˡȻݺһ㲻ֱӲִ½ƣǶԷԣǾԲһͳ½ģ˺ûбѡ
ǣƿ˶ʮĳӣڶʲô
۷ʥٶȼ죬ʱ֮󣬳ʦȥ
öҩĻʣĻʼʵΣ
ʦζĿ˵˵ȷԳ֮Ϊٵ˵֮٣ΪеĻ徫ѪеңԼڵҩ֮ϡ
Ļʣ˵ʦ˵ˣֵӵƭôܻţǰҶǿţľѪ٣½ҹҵĻ壬Ǹʱͱˡ
ʦȻô˵ģʦҲĻʣʥˣֻǸ߾ң˭ֵܷٵ٣½ǿߣƭȥ
ĻǿŵҩҧΪʲôҪƭأ
ʦֻԼ֪ˡû̲ôأٸ٣ֵΣ
Ļ¶˼֮ɫúƺʲô˿޵״Ԫ㻹ǵ㣬ô꣬ϣҲܡ
վһ񣬳ҵˣᰡ


԰
ں߲ݵأŵϣǵĵһӣӦȡʲô֡
Σֻ˺һ˳
Ȼ»飬ȻҪ¡
˺Ͱ󷽵ıʾһ£˵ġ
ŵĳҲǼ˶˵һֲ
һ߷飬һ׺أأĽƺҲأ
ŵҪڣĿȻԶߡ
һɫ⣬Ѹٻʣֱڻʹλá
ŹâʧһɼǿϢȥ
ŵҰʥҲɾǵϢ˲С
в졣
²ǰϾҪ³ôȻسˣ

һߣͣ˵͵ɡ
ոһˣԵôߣŵһС
ЩҪ¡
ȻˣԼһ˵Ҳûʲô˼ͬͣǵȥıӰ̾˿
û˵ٵÿ߶˵ġ
ۻʹķĿ𽥱䡣
ʹ
鷿ڡ
ĻʸֶʵҩƵˣ
κʺλʥѪ̺̫Ӵ󣬶ʱڣܻҪµʱ䡭
ĻתͷޱĿã̾˿˵⼸Ԫ̫࣬޿µȲôã¹Խ࣬ԪԽ죬ֻʱսҩ֮˵ȥɡ
΢΢ȭת߳鷿
ĻʵĿ⣬ֱĿıӰϵı飬źʧ


419 ̽Ը붫
ıºȻعڳ˲Сۡ
üıӹ޵֮ǰն۲ãҪѡһλʷӹľ¾նΪǵ¡
ǶһпɱκʵۣκԴĽʿԵأİͼŵ¶ı䡣
񣬴аգÿ춼űܴ̲Ĵ쵽һµĸ߶ȣȴȻعˣ˰˼⡣
˲ģں档
ӹУܹ¡
Ȼ˴λعĵڶ죬ʡһʥּĴԭӪͬʱѾռСˣʱ룬תԹн
ʥּ֮⣬ȴ֮С
ȻԹʹǼѰ֮䣬ʲô꣬Ҫһͳ£ܶԹҪתǡ
ֻǣͳδ£¾ͶԹ˼ǲ̫һЩ
ңһĽܵУ񣬱ľ
ͱλԱ£ͼȰջسȴµ涼ûм󲻾ãµĵڶʥּʹ
ԴԺ˾֮£ֱ㱨
˾ֻԱ¸ģʥּûʲô壬һЩĳѾ͢ƺҪˡ
²ûɵôһʥּ
ʥּһԢǣѾִ˾
һ䣬ǲüңɵġ
ڳ߳ô꣬һе˾µ̻˾ʧζŻʶҲԶȥ
ʧȥҲһͨ˶ѡ
Ȼ˵ͨˣЩǿģϾͨ˿ûһλҰʥĶӡ
ҰʥıǰңټϺǹϵǳڣ
Ȼ֪Ϊʧ裬ʧ裬ζţѾλԽԽԶ
С
ΪĳգĻЩʲô֮ڣҲıʿҪıߵıʿһֲĳգۡ
ЩıʿȻڳˡ
ڴʧ֮ǾûڴıҪˣ͹֮УԣЦǸ
ڣΪļװɳӵıʿѾȲĸϵ˹
ܼҰ˰֣˵ģȥɣҹʲô˶յġ
ǣѳɣܵҪôôõ顣
ıʿŶӾܾЩҲ٣׷׿ڡ
ǲӦƸıʿģһʣвгӣ
ԶԶԣҵȳգҲȲϣܼҿԲˡ
ǵգ⣡
ʱڱ¼õļˣ˿
ڴȻûаϴʲôæȴѧ˲ٳգҪȻǻᱻ֮⡭
ĳϣʳָʶû档
ʧ裬Ȼϵ顣
ӶʮǰǸʵһѵʲ飬ʲɱˣɱʲҪѵʱ򣬾ڡ
û뵽ᷢôͻȻ
УȻĳ֪Եʡ
ѾΪǣ֮ˣʵûʲô
ߵص£ѾܾûϢˣ⼸£ṳ̂ۡһ
˰֣˵˲ˣѾɵˣʲһɵӼ̳лλģڴǣһӣûʲô

˾룬ĵģĪҺˡ
ʧƣıûٺԡ
ȻĶӣ¼ȻѾʼҶ֣Ͳͣ¡
Ȼ֮ʡּŵְλ
ǰŵְ̲ؼؼѲʷؼӼ˾ҵЩְƷΣΪ䣬һΪƷľ֮һ
ڴģеȨԶ˵ȣӳ͢ߵߵ˾µıԵš
Ĵ½ֻʣĸңпϾͱһǸ⽻ĲţڹûˣҲûдڵıҪˡ
ЩҲ޷һó裬һʧƶѡ
ҪģƺҪҸһС
ŵɷĸ׷ֹɵĴɣãĵĹԱؼȨһӵȨ
ｨԺҽݵĿͣ
ŵһƶظĸߣҲ𲽷ֹ
ڳеľԱ˵Ǻ¡
⼸꣬ų͢Ĳϱ䷨ΪԱȨһһʧȥ
ô࣬Ǽʮ꣬ڸõʱ䣬Ϊˣ
ò׵˹٣ȴˣ˵ʲôƽȣемֲġ
Ҷ඼ңҹԱҲֻ˳ӡ
ΣѹңҲǶҵһκݺݴѹ
ʹ
鷿ڡ
ǰһݷݾڣĻɫ
ԭ⼸꣬Ѿչ̶ȡ
ҸӣӲԽӵ¾ȫȻӣΪԼ
Υ߶꣬۾ϣƭɱͬȨ󣬲Ϊ˸٣Ϊʵ׷Ŀģ²Ƿִλ
λݺҹȻΪңѾΪ˻ĸ󻼣
ģҪЩСһ׼ܿջȨ

űٴһֱ꽫ƽС
ܵĳЩ͢ԱǲͬյУһ
ǿʱҪһͳµĴҵΪİյǣȴһеˡ
һ֮ڣͷ⼸곯͢б
ˡ
Ҫˡ
ҪˣȨҪˣѹյ̰ҪˣյĵǡҪˣǽٴﵽյͷϡ
һУԳ˵ͬһΡ
ãһա
еĳӣѾʼѿ
ĻյҹԱôľӪ˽֮ģȴΪʵһˣ˵Ŭ
£ûлʵۣյӣһã
Ժ֮ڣѧĬ
ɷ֣֮ģֻҪܹƾٸУͻ̳Ϊ֮ˡ
һףԶ˵Щ飬ǱȳΪ˸ΪҪġ
ǱǣϣҲûˡ
ѧӱҪе룬ԭΪһͳܿͻʵ֣ڣһ޷ԽĴɽǰ
ţԱǵͬ
ϲʤҪ̨ˣ̨֮⳯ϣҲûη֮ˡ
ڲǰÿ춼Сġ
ҲЩˣ֪ЩϢ֮󣬱óĬԡ
׸á
ܣ÷֮ڣո·ϳЩ飬ͷƵ̾˿૵վʧ𣿡
ⲻҵʧܣҲҵʧܣΪվеӣŬŻĳɹΪһʥּͻΪӰ
ͬǾ׸ãиֶǽһдšΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽֻĬȻ
̲
̲鿴ϵľɡɡɫе˫ȭս
ʷ̨
Ա»ع֮ʥּ֮ʷ̨գͱĸѹ֡
ʱʷƲסڵĺȻ֮߶ˤƿڴݲۻ
ͬһʱ䡣

񲿡
̫¡
»¡
йԱʡ飬ˤŶȥ
йԱԼ÷֮ڣǽϵʥ
йԱٷñڰͷ¹ѥһǳʣЦȻ뿪
ſڡ
̤֮ǰŵͷһۡ
ƺЩһˡ
ڵĺȻ֮ڤڤһЩӦ
⼸գЩ΢ЩȴѾɳ͵ľ硣
ЩϢʮޣҰʥܲ
ŵҲǴ˿̲ŷ֣ԭôڰҵӡ
ҲʱʣȻһ⣬˲䣬һǿȴİϢ㽵ٵ˳
ˣ
ܵϢǰջԺѧӣֻǳҹԱжĬĬһ
ҰʥΪ࣬ٲȻ˵Ĺǡ
ʡ
һҹ֮䣬·ֲ࣬࣬ͷƣˣԲϷܣûȰɱ¡
õ͢ʱֹͣԹ֮ͽȨ˴ʣһʱ˻֪顣
е֪ԭίϣû¶֮ɫ
֣˵ã񣬿ֻȰ˵¡
ҡҡͷ˵ûõģ㻹ûп𣬱ԵģֻңҪЩڴһУȫĨȥ
һ̾һĬȻ
Щ꣬ҵӸ˵ŬòײŻһУΪµһͷȫΪӰ
ʱĿ࣬˵òײߵգ޼֮̽Ը붫
ȻȻԸǻʲô취
䣬³һڵ£δҪһʵۡ
Ŀ΢΢һû̿ڣ˼֮󣬻ͷ˵˵Ķԣ£Ҫʵۡ


ŵ߽ţܼңʵأ
ܼҵү鷿
ŵ鷿һӰŵ߽֮ûлͷǵЩ岮һɡ
ŵǰӹ֧㣬һ򿪵ĹӰ˰ݣȻ·¯֮С
ŵԺйӵļ䣬СʱӾ鷿ˣȴһֱţͯļУûйڹ֮ӡ
֪ˡ
Уһӵơ
ӹĸÿƣʮơ
길״һȺ¿ƽʿп飬ͼ·ʮλ¿ƽʿֻһʮˣıﴦն
лԶؼؼؼֺؼǫؼءЩ֣ŵڸһ¿ƽʿУ
֣˵㲻֪ҺΪʲôȡŵ𣿡
Щƣ˵ΪҶЩˣйһŵ


420 ˭Ǿ˭ǳ
Щϵһ֣˵꣬һȺ֪ߵغˣ˼ʥ飬˽ʿո볯Ϊ٣ΪؼΪЩ顣
Ķ䷨øʹûж֮ա
ƿƾ٣ÿƾٲٳΪרеƶѧӣϣͨƾٸıˡ
ϳƶȣȡȨȨֹλУһƽȣ䷸ͬĴġ
ǡ

һƣ˵ʧˣ䷨ʮУʮ˱ıﴦնΨһˣ͵ʮŵ֮꣬һδɵҵ
תŵ˵ֵ
ŵ˿
Щ飬ʵڴµһθܵһ˿Ȼ֮ʱѾˡ
ֻ⻹Ǹ׵һκ˵
Ŀ⣬˵ǵҪ飬ѾҪʵˡ
û˵ĺ䣬ŵк
Щ꣬ҹԱɱŷɥȨҲɱʮһ䷨谭ûˣЩУȻʮ˳
Щ˵룬ϾҪʵˡ
ľǹǸģֻһ֮ң
Ϊĳ˵ĳ֣һ֮ңȴԿԽǵ
ЩҪ磬пʵֵģǰǣȨļڰؼֻԸվڰһߵЩС
Ǹ磬ҪȨߣ಻лʵۡ
֣˵Щ꣬Ǹ͵ˣһЩ飬Ҫ볹ǵԸģԼ½Ҫһ׵ıղҪʵۣҲҪʵۣ䷨ñ䵽ʵ۵ͷϡ
ŵĿ΢
ԭҲѾ뵽һ㣬ĻʵۣǴ½ϵǿߣ̲κԼ֮󣬵µʵѾ͵˼㣬ڳʥҲ޷κ
ŵ̧ͷ˵ףȺһԹɣЩ岮Ըһɵģұ֤ʱ䲻̫á
¶ѵõЦݡ
ŵļ˵ʹҵʹϣŸҪΣİɣЩ飬ΪӦˡ
ŵ˵ʲôȻתͷ״ϵ֡
ֻϸܵǵϢڵҲһֲƥеĸо
ǣңңңݺҡ
еκһԼǿ
һ̣ȫˡ
ԭʼգС˸ס
ǸڴĻʵ۱ƿһеˣԭ
ݺ㾡һУÿһӦ֮οղһ˲ԼϸܵģԶֹݺҵ
˿ʵһУڸ׵ļƻ֮𣿡
ߵſڣֿգ˵Ҫ磬ǧʷ֮ɣǣԶԶģŻ֣ԺʧˣֻҪлڣһգƬ½ϣȼԭ𡭡
ŵıӰֱ˿̲֪ӰԶĸߴ
ôһ˱Щһ࡭
ʱϢԺС
Ҷࡣ
ܵϴǵϢŵ¶һ˿Цݡ
˿̣Уȴֻһˡ
ߵǰȭʦ
󣬲Ϸ֪Ϸ֪
Ϥף£Щ꣬ˡ


̶֮ڣԺнѧ뾳ңұϲ£ȴûص˼
ǴһΣҺͻȨԿ
ŵĸĸһҹԱļ֮£ŵʵҹԱãǾʵҵѾܽˡ
ȻµļʥּȴǲòٴԲпʵ
ڳеĸᣬǴֻ֡
ĸռϷ磬ĸõ˺ôû̫Ĺϵ
һεķ粨ȴϢϢء
˵·ϳ䷨ʥּȻ·ȥҶ£ûгɹʩС
λ࣬վ˰յһߡ
һգڼ
еϣܹȻУǵҲϧ
꣬ǺòײŹ˹ӣʵڲԸܶԶˡ
ʹ
鷿
Ļʿ֮ϣȻһ౨ˤڵϣŭˣˣ
Ҷ֮£ʥּòʵ
ҶǶһȺ
ǣѾܹܵԪڷٵš
Ѿͣսһ⣬Ծڿٵռ
ÿһλʵ۵룬Ŵĵİͼȴ˲
ʴ̫ˣÿһÿһأΪĴ
˲һͳʥõԪ£ҲûĶ֣λ߾ݺϹ
£ȲͣҲܼ
ͣ٣Ųꡣ
ĸ졣
̲ĴȻԼԪģʵҲͣʱûһҡ
ܣ˲ܣͣҲܡ
ݺң
ĳһ̣ĻüҺȻһɡ
Ӱӵڸֶ
ʦ΢΢һЦ˵ǲ²⣬¿ܲλݺҵĶ֣ʦ֮¡
ĻĿ΢͢ɶ
ʦµԪ࣬ԹͽͳˣȵǹԹ֮Ͷһͳ£̤ʥ֮
Ļ΢΢ͷûʲô飬ȴѾɱ
ȵһͳ£̤߾ʱҪĵһ飬ǽЩݺɱһ
ЩΨ²ңǶԻʼҵвҡ
벻ͨǣǰģȻĻգҲ״ʲôʱ𣬴ĵңһȺҵ
Ƭ̺󣬻ʹĳλݺҾһ
¸ϺκʦĻʶǶɱ
ʦһмһõӹŶѣǱݺߵһ
κʦɶԴ˹ڻûĹһҲǵһģһıߵգȫԼޣҲı
ѾǴ½ǿĻʵۣǿУҲֻܵõӹš͡ۡ
½ʷϣӿֳž޵ĵҪݺҲٿأĻʺȣԶԶ硣
ǵʦǴ½Ψһһλʥˣ½ǷǺϣҲֻһͷ
νĴĻʵۣȻС
ʦ˿˵ϷһλݺңĹһͳˣǻΪʦһĴڡ
ʦ֮ԳʥΪһ֮ǸӴһսʱĴ½ƣҲʦ춨ġ
ݺܹ֮һͳȻҲܳΪʥˡ
ʵϣǻʦʱֹһУ˻Ѿɹˡ
֮Уݺ˵Ϊ衣
˽԰Ĺλصݺ֣֮ûʲôԹޣֻ
ݺң͸Ƭ½ۣ֮վ۷Ĳǡ
ݺ֮⣬ʲôңʲôʵֻۣʲôҷңֲŪ߶ѡ

ʥʮꡣ
һ
һ꣬˹ļΪѹ֡
·ɷҶ֣µʥּֽ죬⼸ƵӼҹԱһεķ籩ѾڳϿ͡
Ĵ󳯻ᣬȻᷢܶ¡
ĸݵҪԱģҲڼǰ˳
ȥһ꣬Ǵ½Ʒٱõһ֮꣬һκ׸ҲΣץס˻һԾΪ½Ĵ󳯻ϣӦкܶҪ˵
֮꣬ϣȴ䰲
ʥʮĴʧ裬ҶڳȻ£Щ飬ڽջ˶ϣִ󳯻飬һɱķΧѹô
֮ǵһվ˳ԪΩʥѣѶĺִԸ򷽡
Գƪ̱¹Ϊ˵һߣ˵ʡʥְ
ÿ󳯻ᣬиҪڱǰְҲǴ󳯻ʱãΪĻڡ
ԪĻ֮ϷĻʰ˰֣˵ְȲǷֹ·ɷ飬ʡôˣ
£
˭֪⼸գҶͱµìܣѾĲɵͣµʡȫȻ˿ָ
ڣǰһ˵ر£·ݼ£ܰպɷ׻񣬱ڸΪӦ˼С
ĻʳĬƬ̣˵Ѿ˼ˣʡּ£飬ʡҪˣ޿Իڣ
ڹԱľսȻƽĲȻѾѹֲסˡ
λã⣬ƹ֮أְƷͬ飬䣬Ȩ֪˶٣ֻЩڱµʥ֮£Ȩ̫أһξָ֮ȻҲǳо뢣ʼգѹ̧ͷ
ξΪУԭˣǰξָ֮ǣ浽ı̫һ˳Ʋȥ˺ڳΪ͵೯ûʲôӡ
˵Ǿ仰ܾãڶûлӦ
ٹԱɻ󣬾Īȱϯ˴󳯻᣿
ܣֳϣ²Ҳվš
ǰԱǵĿ⣬׷һӰ
úõվȴûκηӦû¸ղŽһĪ˯ˣ
СѣϷٴδϵڣ
վԭأһ
һ˿εգʼڴӡ
ĻԼӣЩҲסʱ֮ڣȻһ
Ŵˣ»ء
仰ǰһ˰ڡ
Ļͫ΢һӰ
ڳĿ⣬Ҳǰһˡ
ԱµĻţֱ俪ڣŻӦ¡⣬Ҫ찡
֮ϣĻʻվʵղû޵Ļ𣿡
̧ͷ˵ر£ĶЩʹղû
ĻĿƵĿĬã£˵˳ҪְȻ䲻ʹͻɣأ
λһλǰܣͬ˫֮ҡ棬ӳλΪһλ½ܵľƣҲǴ¼ߡ
ˣ˹ʺˣտҪˡ
Ȼ»֮󣬴֮ڣ˳õĳĬ
͸ղŵΣһޡ
գǴڣˣ½ˣûرµĻˡ
ܺ½ѲλվĻʹ˹֣˵ڡ
ϵĻöû˵
·ȺҪˡ
²ʥּЧãڳϵĹԱҲҪ׿ϣſӦ
¹Ա棬ǿνǽµӣݺݵĲ˵ϡ
˿̣ǵУһԻ֮⳯ϣ˭Ǿ˭ǳ


421 ʱؽͬ
֮ϣһİ
ÿĴ󳯻ᣬӦֵʱ
˿̣һɼ˵ĳţڴӣҴһ
ʮǶ˵Ǽ
νļҲűµĶ裬еĹԱȨ
Ƿ֪ʲôļ鳼
ļ鳼ǣߵôԱ棬һʵ۵棬ݺݵĲڵϣʷѾվ˼鳼۷塣
˵鳼֣¶Ʋ֡
λǽš˫֮ҡġ
Ǹʱ򣬴仹Ȩ죬ӦǸʱ򣬽Լĸ˸λ
Ǵ¼ĹԱ֮֮࣬ϣжˣ
ĻʵɫѾѿԸӣһɻϢ˲ĶǵӰҧҪ췴𣡡
ҿ췴Ǳ°ɣ
һŭĺǳȻ˶ը죬仰ںȻ֮ļӳ£Ĵ˵ڵԱĶУڵаգҲ仰
ʲô
ﲻھд󳯻𣬷ʲôˣ
췴£Ҫ췴ô£
ںͱ·ˣ
಻úմһĽְɣ

Ϊ仰ɧң֮ڣɼžš
䵹
˵Ҫ췴
ˣȫˣ
˿վڵڵĹԱǣֻԼΪʲô
Ļ˫ĿѪ죬࣬ʵƣ˵ʲô
վڴ֮ǰںȻ֮ӿֱĻʣ˵£һ˵£Ҫ·ɷµİմ𲻴Ӧ
ã
˵ĺã
仰̲סڽкá
ⷬ˵˵ӯ
ϣվˣʼյյġ
ãúúã
֮ڣĻʿ࣬Ц˵ˣˣ뿴֮⳯ķЩеӵĻͶվ޺úÿ
䣬ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ֻһϵӰվߡ
ۺ룬˵췴ĻϷһɡ
һ̣ڣһϢɨɢƣȻ˿ࡣ
ʥ
Ҳʥˣ
֮ϣһڹԱҲ̲סĻȻ֮
һλҰʥѾˣҶ࣬ȻҰʥԴûй飡
ҡ
ʦ췴ܲ棿
Ҳһɡ
ԽԽĹԱȺ˳վҶ
Щ˵ĵӣЩʷ̨ҹԱֻ࣬жʮ˵ӡ
󳯻ϣڵĹԱǧ֮ҶĶʮˣԵֻ֮ڡ
Ļ۾˵췴޳ȫǣ
䣬һޱǿϢЩѹȶȥ
Ƶѹ֮£ڳйԱȥ
ҶڵĺȻ֮ӿͼֿƵѹȣ˶ҰʥΪǰԵò㡣
һ̣˺ȻоѹСһЩ
ŵ˿ԵҶ࣬һõЦݡ
ʥ
һλҰʥ
ܵŵϵҰʥϢĻɫΪƾ޿𣿡
죬׷ƮɣͬʱŵҲѹλҰʥĴĻʵȣҲвСĲࡣ
Ҫ𷨼ҺīҵֿǰǵɽѹȻʧ
һǵӰٴվǰ
ʥ
Ұʥ
໹Ҫǿİʥ
һƬȻͬʱĻҲȻɫ𾪵ܣôܣ
ҽңңݺҵİʥ⣬ΨǷҺҵİʥ
Щ꣬ԼɱôҹԱ徳Ĵ壬ҺͷҸ٣ôҰʥ
˿̣𾪣һĻ١
ҰʥҰʥ
ǵ𺳣ڿ̫䣬ˮ
ŵǵĿӰֵĸо
ֳ£Ǹλõġ
һΣȴΪ˸׵ı
ǱϾǸףҲ㶪ˡ
ܿ죬ͲֵĸоƺԷ䡭
Ļ·λãӰĿ⣬ͬϡ
ɴ˫ۣ壬˺вظһ仰
ҰʥҰʥôܣôܡ
Ŀ⸴ӣ̾˿еЩ꣬һ˺ܶ࡭
ڴչֳҰʥΪ֮󣬴⣬ʱĻȻ֮󣬱ٴ˰
˭뵽ʹ˶ʮļ鳼ȻҰʥ
һ̣κν͡
ҰʥΪ¶һ̣һб㶼ýˡ
Щôһɡ
һļž
žУһȵĽŲ
̲飬վ췴Ⱥ֮С
һ


һӰȺվԻ񲿣̫£»££׸ããݡ
һ˿˿Ȼ֮ЩԱϸ֡
еĴֻҳΪҲﵽҵؼľ
Ŀ𾪵ĿһĻҶҲû뵽֮͢УȻôҹԱ
ܿ죬Ӱ;ۼϰٵ
ôȻ֮һγһƣĻɢƣ׵ѹƣ֮ϣαֱȴȻ޷վ
ЩϢӰ£Ⱥ֮УЩûκκȻ֮ĹԱҲҧ߳Уվ췴Ķ֮
һˡ
ˡ
ˡ
ˡ

ԽԽ߳ƺĳЧӦȺ𽥿ʼ糱ˮһ㣬ӿνġ췴顱ԽԽʱϵı飬Ҳӿ־壬˷ܡ
ѵǵܽǿĵӻλ
Ⱥ֮ǰŵͷһۣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ݺҶʥΪҪЩѡ
ʼգûв˿ݺҵ


422 »
֮ڡ
̽ͶŤӰĻָڷ׵߬η֡
ͭ¯ŵǿƽɢ¶ϸĶͷ
λҰʥĺȻ֮ǧ˲ѹ£ǰѹѺۡ
ϵķŭ𽥱˾塣
ĳ͢ĳӣվĶ棬λҰʥԭҲɲҶ֮⣬ҸӣûһλǼ֮
ŵڣʥ
ϢΪǿֻվ͸ѹ
ˣ
ˣ
յľ棬ѾһܹƵˣƫͷĳҪʲôʱ򣡡
ϵӰӴ仺֡
λʦŵǰǵӰĿкͣλҰʥλˣ˵ı̱Ȼࡣ
ҳʥףÿһλʥѹ֮ͬ
ݺ۷ΪҲòԴಫܻǣ˲Ҳˡ
ʱ֮£Ǻܿѡ
˻ӣջǳʦȿڣĻʺ˹֣˵ĹҵȾͲˣǣ
˵գ˵Ӱ㻺黯
Ļɫһ䣬ģݺҹȻס˭ӮǲŰ˭
Ϊʵۣӵ裬ΪʮþȵĴ󳯻ᣬȴΪϴˢȥĳ裡
Ļʱ۾֮ջϵƣһ仰֮ɷһ£޴ˣԺ󲻱ˡ
Ż£ԭֱͦļҲһȥʮǣһ̵Ȼ޴档
һ۾ϣֱ䣬ָű췴¾Ȼȫڸղŵڲᡣ
˵㱻裬»ˡ
һˣֻܳΪʹĻʵۣʧȥԳ͢ƿȨ
Ҷ࿴΢΢ͷڵ˳ɡ
ᣬȴشһûڳҲĻ
ת뿪ҶһڹԱҲ̸档

ǰһ
ĽŲ΢΢һ٣ȴûлͷ߳
ת˲֮䣬֮ڣֻʣ»ʼҸˡ


ͣڿУϣɫȻ
ĻȻһѪվݱղŸӲϣҲȥ
˴һۣΪ㵱ʵۣ㶼˰ɣҪ췴ҪԼʵۣôǸӶŪڹ֮У
Ȼվ˫Ѫ죬ҲţҪԼȥ
˵գ첽ȥ
֮⣬࿴ʵղΪʲôơ
ҡҡͷ˵ûõģߣûסңǽƵǸزջܶˣǸһɣʱ޶ˡ
ԣҲû˵ʲôˡ
һҪ棬Ҳһ档
ʱһӰ׷԰׵Ŀ촽ʵ㣬Ҫ췴𣿡
Ŀδڡ
ҧŭѵô꣬һֱƭҵģ
Ĭ

Ĭú󣬺Ȼ쳤ЦЦᣬȻγ嵶˻Ķ㣬㾹˶ԱգҶ꣬һϣ

ӵ°ڣûٿһۣͷҲصȥ
Ŀǰڣ߰ɡ
ŵͷһۣ̾˿
֮ڣһļžֻдصĴϢ
֪˶ãĻʲſڵҪ췴ҪıҵĻλҲô׵ģȻڻλ̫ʱ䣬ǿԣգ޻Ὣλеһλʵ㹻һҪЩɱԱǽʩǻϵĳ裡
ڻλ̫ãܹϮϵţӿ
Ķǣδܹʴλǣ㹻ʱ䡣
κβҶǣЩҲκβ˴ĻʵۣһͳģҲǴĻʵۡ
ȻԼǧĻʵۣǼ鳼ƣѾˡ
λ֮󣬹壬ʥΪٻʮ꣬׾١
˵ļ˵ȥɡ
ͫ˵ʱ򣬿ľȻǴ
һ̣˼ˡ
㱣ԵЩʧǣһԲ뿪
ӰʧĻʿϣ૵ĻΪѪ飬޵ƣ壬ֱˣ±޻Ǽ鳼Ϊ޵ĺ֣ѡˡ


ѾһƬȻ
˶֪ղڴ󳯻ϣҶ࣬һڳԿ£ֹ¸پɷԱµöա
±͹𾪵ˣ𾪵ǣ˽֪ļ鳼ȻҰʥ
Ҳ˵ôʼûбԼ룡
ԭ֮ǰЩҥģЩ꣬ѹңɱȨ󣬸Ϊ˵Ϊ˰գԼ鳼֮˶ʮ꣬ȴû˿ԹԣĲģкεȼ͵־
֪Ϣ˲ĿԼ֮ǰ䣬ûڵ˼㡣
֮ڣΪ
سԾڴˡ
࿴ʵϵ
մΪ˹Ҵ壬ԸԾġ
ʵЩҹԱ
ûпڣڳҹԱףΪδɱôҹԱȴȻҰʥΪЩ֮ͬǰȻѾ֪һС
ǸԸȻӰ졣
ͬΪҵӣܹЩͬŵΪǣҲκεԥ
ϧǣǵȵ˽գЩΪԸǣȴԶˡ
ҵʤǰյʤ˵ϣЦݣΨбǴӵŵǵӰһ˿زס

ĳ֮ڡ
¯Ͼµڹཹཱུð
ȴѾͲȥˡ
һӰ滺߽
Ŵ˳ǣʲôʱˣأ
¯ĴСûлͷ
ǰ˵ʵ벻ףΪʲôҪһӣһɵ˵ɵӼӦΪ̫ӵģ
Ļ£Ӱ˽
Ļ˵һأ֣ϣ¬ϣϵλʥȻˣԸ߲ʦĻѴ֮
߽֮Ŀռ䣬ơ
˿̣ϣϢϢ΢ں̵ܶʱڣʦĵز
ӸµĿŴ˵ҲǸĶӣļ̳츳벻ףΪʲôҪλ㣿
λҰʥŹĿҲһ˿ɫ
ʼˣϲʵʥʵ䲻նɱκʣκˣͬز©츳𼸴ӵҲѷɫ
ŴоǷŭ
Ѿʧȥʥ죬Լ˳λᣬΪλ֮մӸʵУֻ˴⣬ƾʲô
һá
߹ʼϵʳġ
Ĳʮַÿһʱ䣬Ҫµʳġ
ȫӣŭ㿴㣬ʲôʵ۵ӣʶ˲ʮŪڹ֮䣬ô𣬴ʼգ㣿
Цһ˵һ㣬㵹˸ʡ
ʳĵĶһ٣ָֻܿ糣˵ʯ䣬ƬƬ
˵Ϊ˻λ㶼ʲôʲôûֻˣأܾǰҾͿʼı֣Ϊۡ˴̿ͣǱңɱɵӣϧӹһ٣ΪǴδɱһģǴλҵֱʣһβǱŪ˵ʵ𣿡
ƽɵĽкõʳķС
̲ס˶̾ͦģ㲻ӣȷϧˡ
̧֣˵֣Ҫңλ֮ˡ
ָո̧һ룬ͱȥ
ʲôȥ˵ҵ˺þء
ɫ󺧣תȫȻҲ޷ֱ̧
λҰʥͬ󾪡
ʥ
Ҳز©
ļҵİʥôûм
ϵ𾪣ѾţܿתΪŨŨļʣɿ˵󣬵ʥΣֻһˣѵ𣿡
Ѻ͹һȻûеڶѡ
Ƿ׷ǰһٶȽʱȻһ١
ͷ­ڵϷ˺üȦ
λҰʥĲϣѾտҲǵ׼֪ʲôȥпڴƽޱȣͬʱ̺һǵѪҺڣ˵档
Ἰţ㽫ͷ­˳ȥ
ͷʬ壬Ҳýżɵ֮⡣
֣Ѵ͵Ĺļ˵ҪСƳӡ
ּնɱλʥߣѾױ˫ϥһڵϣ˵֣Ҫɱҡ
˰֣˵Ҳɱģ߰ɡ
֮⣬ĻĿһĻ
ȻûпʼһʴȣȻʴȲʺʵۣȴȱٵģҲҪġ
벻ʮûۿģĶӣȴľϲ
Ļʣܹȥȣߵʾң
ĻʿһۣӣʵģҲʺϼ̳лλġ
ˣŲܽλ
˵޳ıһΪıгһգգΪĽ½ϻʳϧޱǼ鳼ƭƾޣЩˡ
Ļʵַڴļϣ˵Σϡ
ҡҡͷ˵лʣֻԸղԸʲôʵۡ
ĻһϲʵҸӣѵֱ𣿡
˳ĬĻʽ˵֪ĻλԸһλᣬֱ֮󣬿ɽλޣΣ
ԣһ֮󣬱Ļʵȣæ˵ʣ㴫λģֻҪҪʱλ
ĻȻ䣬㱻һߡ
˽ԼҲ˽λıֵܵ飬óʱ򣬿ɱλҲ
ԽǿλģԽܸ
Խλģʵѡ
һ䣬׼õĴλʥּƯ֮С
һ֣Ҳзɳ
ɵʥּϷ¡
ǿҵ۵ĽɫâʥּȻէš
ǽǣһĻȥ
ˣԵλ
ʥּϵĹâԽԽʢĻڣһǿ󵽼𽥿ʼ롣
ӴڣȴһϵϢ
۷ʥϢ֮£Ҳĩսһĸо
ϢĻʱȻǿ󣬵ȴ͸һɸࡣ
ڴϣϢϺͻ
ͬʱ֪һļµ
Ҷͬʱ̧ͷ
ɫȻ˵´λˡ
ڱϣŲ˶ãλĻӣʮڣ¸κβµĻʵۣԽˡ
ڡ
ʧȥǵӴ֮ĻʲŸܵŨŨʥΪԭ׻ӣܹʴԪֻʣʮҡ
ֻҪµĻʵܹһͳ½ٴλӵ޿ƥеʵԼ޾Ԫ
˵ͳѾΪ壬ЩݺȻսթµִ֧ģûбѡֻҪ̲Թһͳ£߾ָտɴ
Ļ¶֮ɫ˵ʱ㽫λʣʲôȥʲôеĲףʶΪѰ

ĻʵĻδ˵꣬Цݾͽϡ
ѵĿŵ㣬˵ʲô

ٴοڣߵĻ¯ԣҿҸӣЮŨ
һԵףϸƲȥиĭһڣЦ
ĻĶŴɫ԰ף˲ĺˣײ˴ʳĵľܡ
еģ˴һ̣ĻʺȻʶһ㶼˽⣬һ㶼˽ʮδƹĶӡ
еʢڱµ֮ڣһ˵ãȥøˡ


423 һ¹֮
ŵɰ߳Ļ˻ӣҼҵѵҪˣ
ͣ½ŲͷĻʣ˵Ҳ˽⸸ʣ˽Ըʵ۵ġ
ĻʾҿԣѪ˿۾Ŵ޶ƭ˶ʮ꣬Ϊ˽𣡡
Ҫ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣУҲڸʵҪá
һ˿ϣҲĻʿݵֱǽϣ۴Ｗ֣޹
߳ţճ
̧ͷտգܽɹůڡ
΢粻á
ʥʮĴ죬ʮǰࡣ

ʥʮ꣬³ġ
󳯻ºܺãЯȺΧԡ
ɽԳ
ѩӹ֦ϣָ߬Ѿ÷ϣȻӰζһֻѩôܳæŹһûѩ֮С
һ֮⣬䣬ĺͫãȻؿϵӷӰתͷܽݴԡ
ݣ
һֻӲ෽ʯѩõ壬ĶڵϣѩĵϣųһѪɫĺ÷
ԶϵͣסڽĿڳ鴤ЦǺǵĿŴ˵ʵܣٶ
еĹԱǣҲ溺ڡ
µУտǲŷ佱
ղΧԣǳձԣ¶Ȼܰεͷ
ɲ𡭡

ȻǴĻӣʹĵλȴر𣬺ĸԺգдӵ
ĸֻһĹŮиûһԱӵ
¾ʹλӣÿζûдķݣɼڱУҲûʲôλõġ
Ƕλ£Ȼûʲô𾴡
ԶһĺŽǣζŴ˴εĴԽ
˶֣˵ʱ磬ûشӪˣϧͷ¹ûԵòʵʹˡ
Ƴ˴һۣϿտҲζŴ˴δԣʲôﶼûд򵽣ᳶ˳ǣתȥ
źӹԱ̾˿ĬĬĸǺ棬Ӫķȥ
ĸʱĴѾ
ԴӪڹԱ۷׷ס
εջС
Ҳջķᡣ
С߾ͨĹԱ٣ȻҲû¡
ջ񣬵Ҳԡ
֪ͷ¹˭ԵˣεʹͿɲС
ÿδԣ¶²ͷǲ񵽲ͷܵõʹͣεĲͷһͷϲ˻ɫ˿¹
λӣȻȱǵʹͣ¹¹Ԣⲻ˭ֵͷ
˶ɻδԵĲͷỨ˭ʱһֻƵĴǰ
Ҳˡ
ʲôﶼûԵɣ
˵ͨգΧԵȷóġ
ĸʱһҲδ̫ˡ

ϵȻǰЩ˵ָָԼҡͷĶҲܲµóɽͷĸ͡
ΪԼãС۳ЦЩѾϰˡ
Ŀ֮£ŸԼ棬˶ɫɵǺ죬̶̵һ·ԣԵޱȵ
飡
ߴһͬʱҲÿ˲жƺŻЩ
ͷ˿ɫȻһ
ϣ֪ʱֻ¹
һֻϵŻɫ˿¹
˿˷Ʈҡ
̧ͷӢŵϣ΢΢ͷ


󳯻ѽڳµۣŸոտʼ
ڳƿسõҹԱڹ½δĺΰͼ
СԹı䷨ֵѧϰҿȫЧ¡
Ӧü̲ǧǧܿİգȥȣ
ǰȻѾ˵ҲŬ̫ƽ½İգܹϸĺӡ
½̫ˣһκѾˣټǿвһ͢ǹܲôطġ
ҪҪ»£طһȨУֻµ⡭

Ȩϲ˲ã
ϾҪߵģǰδеһ·
û֪·ľͷʲôҲû֪·ĹУֻʲôµ⣬˵Ŀ⣬̲סȺ֮ǰһӰ
ΪǴһеˣʼûпڡ
վԣʵڵЩݺ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ´ƣѷܹ赲ЩˣѾʲô˻ˡ
΢΢ͷֳָһ˿ǡ
Ҳ֪½λ˭һĴĻʵۣǵвҪϱ´öࡣ
Ĺ˵ֻҪԼԸԶǴĵĻʵۡ
ģһپ٣һĹϵ
ŴԽԽǿʵҲԽԽǿ󣬵ȵǵϣϣûĶ֡
ǸʱָΣ
ĳһ̣۵һڳȻ밲
̲סӣȻ㲻Ķ˶
ʲôζ㰡
Ǻ˱ǵ
Ⱳӣǵһŵ

ζɢ֮䣬˵ĵĲ汻˳Ժ֮ڣס
һѵӰ⻺߽ЦŶ˻֣˵ˣȥ㣬ϴǻûʤء


424 
ʼ˿
λʮı£ʽλָ֧پɷʡղ㣬ŷо⿣ƺһα»ס
仹ǳãȴûκ
⼸꣬Ѿʶһ顣
ңûлʵۡ
һֻϲ˵ĻʵۣҪԶԶʤһλ

ܽ԰
յůοյĵʯ°߲Ρ
ĸƯ·ˣ㹳ȴտҲ
Щϧٴ׳һˣһŲǰĺˮ΢ӳųӰ
½°ڣͽˣԼվ
Ļŵˣˮ棬ʵֵ𣿡
ûпڣʵΪһЩ㲻ɵˣ룬ʮ꣬ͷֵõʲôֵ𣿡
΢΢һЦ˵ñﰲĵ㣬ѵֵ𣿡
Ҳֻˡ
ĻʵͷĺܲҰӮʲôģʲôãȨ֪ҪĲȨƸ㲻ȱЩŮˣϲŮˣܵͼʲôɡ
лԶؼؼؼֺؼǫؼءմ壬ͼʲôأ
ĻûлشŵͣҡͷңһȺȤ֮
밲
һӰ½԰֮С
գǻҵһ硣
֮ǰĺȨֵؼؼȫ
Ѿò¶һ飬һ߿һ̤ܽ԰š
̤԰ڣԶԶͷ۹ڵĴ̾˿˵˭뵽Ǽ֮УջʤģȻ
뵱꣬죬ӵڶ࣬Լͼıƹ
ˣЩ۵Ĵ
飬˵ˣûʲôġ
Цƨʲôöѣ
ֻ΢΢һЦδ͸ࡣ
һЦڹȴ
λʧܣһЦһЦٴƷץ죬ŭЦʲô
ֵʱȴǰ
˼ΣȻˡ
ˣ·ޣվȴ޷
ȹ쳡棬̱ڵأ㣬ǹ
ŵǣŰ֣ո߽԰ִţȻ̧ͷǰĿһ˿֮ɫ
ʲô
ղţϣһǳص
ŵڣǵ֪ͬ
Ψ֮ƺǵӦȴûκ֮
ֽõȺδš
һ̣ƺƬռ䡣
ò˵ĻʼЩӣһе㶫ϡ
ŵǣŰߵߣʵʲô
֮ǰȻһЩڣЩѳΪ˲Ĺȥ
еŵ΢΢һЦ˵Ҳ֪ļҵҪһƺĻǾͽСҡɣҶ⼸꣬һ
ŵ΢΢ͷǣŰԶ
ͷһۣŵʲôңôû˵
ֹʵŵҲû˵Ҳʲôֵ顣
ңңīЩҲһʼеģܻһʼ֮ˣġҡܾԴһ;
Ӹղһ˲ĸӦƺûʲôвԡ
ֶյЩ棬ǺĿӵʱŵһֱӵĸо
֮治УŵѾ˶һжʱ
ⳡǰ·ļ룬ŵûоܾ
˵ʼҺҵĶԹѾ¡
԰˵ҲõĽ֡
ŵǣŰ֣԰ŷ羰ŲԶǻŮһȥ
վһ£Ŀ˵һһɨ
վԣתͷһۡ
¿ǵĿ⣬տʱһģһ
꣬µı仯̫ˡ
ǽ£µĿУǴһְˡ
ĳһ̣ĿⷢһЩ仯
ĿķȥںߴĴոջһβ㡭
þõǵӰ̲סʵ£ôˣ
ҡͷһЦֻЦ͸һ˿Գ꣬ϣͺǲһ
ĿͶĳȷе˵ڿŵʱֿ͸һе񣬺ֳЩã
ߣ֣ϸϸĴţ̾İһģһ
ǰĻŮӣԶǽ޷ǻˣ񣬶ͨŮһ鶯
ЦһīҼУҵһЩĲϺīôɻزİɡ
ŮӿԼϸֱۣ˵زʲôõģԶ˥ϣǻٻˣҲµĲϴ棬Ӧۡ
û˵꣬ͱס죬Ц˵˵ģǱϡ


ܽ԰ĻڽС
֮ء
ѩɽۣ֮Ӱվѩ֮ǰִݡ
Ǵʦ֣Ƚȥ
ϴξȵģҲֵˡ
ʦܣϡ
˳򣬸ֵʦˡ

գκʦ̾˿߽ѩ
Ƭ֮󣬴ѩ֮Уŭ
ʲôʧˣ
ʦĲǵ⣬ǵ̫ǿˣҪԳȥɡ


425 䡷롶徭
־ͷĺΰڣ紺ϸ֣ǽܽǵͭ壬ӭ緢죬»ʲδеǻ䣬칬ǽϽġͬˮзʹ
գĵţӡʥԪͬ
ͬԪ꣬ǴĹ۷壬Ѿǣǿޱȵֻһأʱ
ΨԹ⣬Ϊĵ˹Ǽ̲ԹԵôı塣
̲Թ¹һԶʵ֡
ڴ£Ѿִա
һΪ֮б֮¡
һΪ¹һ赲Թ͢ԱӴĵĺ

ԺͩҶմų¶ŵ̤ʯĺĻ꣬һԺ䣬һӰڻȾͷ
ŵǰףҡ
תŵĬãڵΪʹѾɣ·ҪԼߣҲøˡ
ָ̧֣ա
ŵǰȻһ顣
Ȿ飬ʵʵ硶䡷һ㣬ǰ
ȷе˵ڸ׵ǰ
˿֮УõĴ顣
һҲϤġ䡷һ͡䡷ƣϵֲͬ׭ġ徭
Ȿ徭ǰʱŵܵһͷͬͬԴϢ
֮ǰĸоûд䡷ģֻ˵䡷͡徭ģǵϢȫߣӦñһġ
ͬʱ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˻Ľӽ
һ̣ŵͫӳϼ⡣
ϼɢȥǰһµ鼮
鼮ķ֮ϣ䡷͡徭ˣȡ֮ģǡ顷֣飬ҳ֮ϣһ
Щŵͫ΢΢Ŵ
ЩޱȵϤܶӵ鼮УǵĻ
ʥʥīʥʥҽʥ桭һЩŵʶĻ񣬵ܺЩҳʥһͬϵģ϶ҲѰ֮
һϵŵЩ֮䡣
ŵһͷڵľϢ˰ʥ۷塣
һͷֳ⼸ʥ
ҪһЩ߾øԪһΣ顷ķϣԪûκα䶯
ȫġ䡷
Щʥ˵ĻΪʲôڡ顷֮ϣ
ʷأҵĳʥͬһʱ伣һ֮գ൱һʱ֮ڣصĶϴֱµʥ˲
ǶʷΪʧʷ
û֪ʥΪʲôʧҲû֪ǶʧʷУʲô
ŵƶ顷֮УӦǶʧࡣ
ŵûκξ֮ɫ
Ӱ⣬֣ȥ㰡
ŵļתȥ
ŵվԭãϸ֪ԼϵãԼĳܣѾܽӽˣȴһţ֮䣬ȱٴŵԿס
öûܲ͸顷֮أŵֻýʱ¡
ѶһЩҪβ顣
׺ʹǴˣЩ飬ŵֻԼȥ


ĹѾٳ¡
˹ٳ֮⣬ѾĹ
ûмƽһǿ߶˻ص˹ǿйǣ»ʧأǵȴ͢ϡ
֮ڵͨգвûʲô£ЩڴڴĹŶڴĵĴϿ칥ٳǻǸͽء
ʱǾ˸Ըֵأÿ¿׬ĹǮӶȻڸá
ڰյڴеȨͺǣǻ̻̲ա
Щ԰պõĹ֣ǣһ㶼档
ԸϵģֻǲƲʧܱס
Ըϣ翹ģȫ˳ǽϡ
ʹ
֮ڣھһᡣ
пĳᡣ
ʵ֮ϣĬȻٹվ·Ҳһݡ
Ҵȥʵûʲô۵ģˣѾʼΪԼı·ˡ
һƬУһŲӵ⴫
һŮ߽ڡ
ʵۻϤޱ˵վˡ
ŵʵۣϴμʱԼֻܴҹݺǱӴܡ
ʱ£ټʱΪѾ䵽˵徳
˺ҹݺվŵߣΧһУ˫˫ֳȻ֮ɫ
ʮǰˣ
ʮٴȻһľ
Ǵ۵ӿǣҡͷ˵Ӯǵĸףȴû뵽ǽá
ŵߵ֮ǰԱ׷ÿ
ŵֱʵۣ˵ԼλɣѾҪʵˡ
ʵеȭͷգܿɿ
۾ˣȡʥּ
ٳǡ
Ŵεڶĸڣͷơ
ʱǰʵһʥּҲԼλʥּ
Ҳûлʵˡ
Ϊ˱֤͢Ĺļල֮£ʱõǳƮƬأҲӭµʱ
ú

ʹ֮ڣټ鷿Уֻһˡ
ĿǰҡҷĹӰ֧Ľɽ
鷿ĴűƿһӰ߽ʱĳ̧ͷǵΪӰڵĹŵ
ŵҡ
ʿϣ۵ޱΪ½֮ϣһǿߣվ̫Դˣӵеʵվֻǿ¥󡭡
۾ŵ˵˵ĸףƷĹȨ£ҵˣҪ޴λ𣿡
ŵҡҡͷдλگ鼴ɣ˱㰲Ȼȹһ
㲻Ҫλ
λҲҪ
ĿƵĿΪ˻λӷĿֵǽǶֻһȻҪߵȨƣ
ŵʵʲôҪ
ŵûлλԼ̳УǺҪ


426 ֮
Թ
Թ̫ϻʵͷԼط¶֮̾ɫ૵벻Ҳвշʱˣлл㡣
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵һˣ̫ϻʿˡ
̫߳ϻʾסĹ֮ŮʱŵֱۣԴ῿ļϣ˵лл㡣
ŵЦҲҿ
֪ƲƲ죬˵ллˡ
ŵץ֣˵Ůʱ·ҪлĻ΢ȴ֮ˡ
֪һ£˵ͳĻʵ۶λˣ룬Ҳõλʱˡ
Ϊ½Ψһ뾳ҵĻʵۣȫܹ⵽ŵʹЩҹԱ⡣
ûһȣԼ
Ȩսա
ŵǣ֣˵ʱͳһسɣԺҾʱúˡ
֪ͷĻλλ˵Ҳһֽѡ
˼Ƭ̣ٴοڣ˵м飬һֱûи㡭
ʦŵ֪֮΢΢ҡͷЩ૵Ҳ֪˼µǾ仰ʲô˼ֳﱸģҲۿʬճɹǻңȴ˵Ժ󻹿ټѵҲܸ𣿡
ŵĬƬ̣΢΢ͷ˵߸ȷǲܡ
顷֮ϣĳŵʶĻһ֮ŵܻҰʥ۷Ȼʥ벽ŵѾܹԼԼ֪һЩ顣
߸ȷҵ
ֻҪһѾΪǻҵʥҲѾҵռˡ
㵽Լ֪ûλ㵽պңλʦΪȻѾﵽҵ߾
Ƭ½ϵʥˣֹλһֱڽƵݺҡ
ȻûиҼµĸȴһ˫۾
˸Թϻʵ֮⣬ŵҲԹʦһӣǶֿѣ䡷͡徭ϲ֮󣬸ѾĶԪ
̲κĹУõ˲ٵҵ伮λҰʥҹԼյо
Թŵ֪ǻص
½һͳ
Դ󳯻֮Ǽλڱ½ƵݺңҲûгֹ
´ѶǶݺңҲ
λʥΪݺңʼûг֡
ŵ˽ݺҵ˼½ĺƽսңҵķϣݺҵϷ
ڼΪ֣Դ½Ϊ̣ӣԼ֮ˣֳΪӡ
Ϊݺҵİ
һ岻Ҫؿһ֣˰ϣݺܽܵġ
Ŀǰλݺʥ³Ҳı䲻ʲôˡ
ŵͤӰ
񲻽һλݺʥˣһλʥĻʵۡ
˿Զ֣ССӰԶԾĻŵŮϸһ£ܼ˵ү

ŵԶվһӰͷɡ
£Ȼ̧ͷԶʡ
ͤڣַȥ˵ˡ
ͷһۣü粻ڱʱţǷ
ˣߵߡ
Ӱǰ
λڴ󳯻ֵݺߣˣһλ꣬һλ꣬ˣ¶֮ɫָ֮û
λӣȻ˫֮УԾľָ֮
ָ֮Զ˹˹֣Ц˵£ˣּˡ
Ŀ⣬ָ֮ӹǿϡ
ǿȴֻǿһۣĿͷϣϸֳһ˿Цݣڵˣһ˼Ķ֡
䱸ӣ΢΢һЦ˵ʵ۱ˣûе⣬ѣӮһˣһ֡
һɢһǿƣǱٸʲô
ǿЦҡͷ´ƣ־ñغϣϾñط֣ʷ֮ɣܹıġ
˵ʱĿ⣬ʼϡ
ıȻȻ֮УŨŨĹ°ƺ˶֮ˣûֵӣλһͳʥʵۣҲݺ֮µĸ
ٴοڣ˵һԶ޷Ԩҿ˽ΥԣվܳãҪĴͬջΪλӰΪῴЩ
վŵߵܼȭ˵һôôһȭ
ŵǲ֣ݺʥˣһֽ½ƣŪڹ֮䣬νʵֻۣǵӣĿһв֡
ڶԷУֻӮĸײкƽȶԻʸ
ˣܺû̫
鵭ĮĿǿ꣬ǻһ˿ŪһȺ֪ĿԴһֻѣʲôʸ񡭡
껺תͷ߶ϡ
ӶԷȻ˿֮ɫ
ȼŭ
ݺʥˣ˽µƬ½ֻ̣ĻʵֻۣӣһֻӶ㲻ϵϣƾʲôҲ
ӰԭʧһγʱѾǰ
һֻƣĲһȴץ˸ա
㿪ˣվûκζ
λݺʥ˵֣Ĳþ֮޷壬վȴʥ˶޷
ϣһγ֮ɫȻ˿һʲô
ԪҲδ˹һĻ
ܿƽ
⼸һʥͷ­ĳӣ͵Ϊĵһ֧ӰʵңǰһĻȻ𺳣ǿֲңҲˡ
Ŀ⿴ѹָ˴ԲѣȻ֮⣬ԴһңǱۣһҲǸͲƽղŵðˡ
£Ӱԭʧٴγǰ˵Ҷ˶һ֣Σ
һߣŵʵҺ£
Ŀգ˵ҸһЩ˿ĶһЩֵЩ⴫룬塭
ŵĿ΢΢һ
ҡҡͷ˵赣ģֻǿıȱ˶һЩ֮⣬ʲôˡֻҪ鼮λΣֻ֣ҶԿ֮ǰġ䡷˵ġ徭Լڵġ顷һ֪Ը⣬ӵڵ
ŵĬƬ̣֣ļϡ
֮ϣĳһ
һ̣ŵڵĵ֮˲һޱǿľ磬ڵǵ𽥽塣
䣡
ŵһ̣⴫ķԺЩը
ס֮Щ𽥱

ʣ°
ÿθ¶ôӺȦˣСӾͲд㣡
дʲôãһѿ
ƾ֮ǰпɣƾ֮дʲô
սͬϷдͱд
һ㣬ʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ɲɣ̲̣飡
ԽдԽ̣ԽдԽ
飬Ǯ
һ趨ôǿʲô棬ϿϴĻ
ĽôɰСдддˣʲô
Ůɫһͳ˱壬ʲôѧѧ˼ôдģ
ϷһͿԺдˣ
ȫּ֪ʲôдү
أôõļأ˼Ϸݰߣ
Ҫӣ
ʱؽͬȥӢ۲ɡ̽Ը붫ûлλҪСдֶǲӰ䳯͢ٱˣ
ĸǩ飬ǩǿṇ̃
߾ߣԶɲ˶
дˣҸϹȥɣ
ֵǣˣˣѾҺˣͷʣԺתľҶչ⡭


427 һ
԰
ŵ̧ͷգþ
֪˶ãڵͷĿ⻷ܡ
˵ûӵ֮󣬵ȷԿһЩ˿Ķ
Ƭ̺ǵ»صڡ
Ŀʵʲôˣ
ŵ΢΢ҡͷ˵㲻֪ġ
̾˿˵֪ˡ
ٴοŵʵΪʲôǲһ
ŵΪǣ
ЦЦ˵֪㲻ǡ
ŵҲ΢΢һЦ˵ȷʵǡ
һ͵õ˳һɻʵʲô֪֪һģʲôǣ˭ǣ
ŵûпڣȴͬʱĿͤ˶ĵһӰ
ŵ˫֣˵˵ûʲôɵˣ
˱ٲţֻȥˣŵ˵䣬˶һΨ㲻һ⣬Ĺ£ԼģԴĲһ
СͤУһ̶ԾѾ
λ꣬鷢һЩ仯
ôǵһμܺ³ƽֵˡ
վ΢Цû䣬ҲûӮĿԴ
˵գ㱳뿪
ŵʱĽŲ΢΢һ٣Ŀ⿴˵ˣЩƣƺ̫һĪҵķ֧ϣҵȷ޵󣬶޵ˣһԣ˵ʲôǵ磬ֻǱдĹ£Ǻǣֱס
Ū˵һ䣬һתϸֳһĪţһĻҲǾԵǡ
ûÿֻ΢΢һЦ˵ľͺá
ŵҲ̴λ۷ǿߵĻΡ
֪߳½ʥΪˣһߣı֣ܲЩҺõȥ
˵ЩͻƵʥ˾֮󣬾ңҲΪࡣ
Щǿ˵ĽȷԽܡ
ղŽŵ˺ܶࡣ
ͨ飬辶һȫµ;֮ΪңҲ˵Ƕߡ
ܹÿ˵ʹʱᳬ֮⣬һԹߵ״̬
Ҳǹλݺʥ޷ԭ
Ϊ۲ߣֻܿһУȴ޷κθġ
Ĺ£ҵ
ⱾС˵ǲŵ
ʮ״Ԫͬű䷨ʧܣһ˱˵룬踺ضʮ꣬Ʒƣʵ룬´ͬ
ѹŵ⼸꣬һֱڸ׵Ӱ֮¡
û飬ҲܶһС
ǹ⻷˭ܵеù
ΪĶӣŵֻǡ
ǵĶ֮⣬ŵǴԽߣ꣬һ紩Խġ
Ȿ飬ǴԽС˵
֮磬ҲŵԽ硣
Ҳ˵磬磬磬ŵߵĿơ
Լʶ顣
𰸣Ȿ顷֮ڡ
Ѿ뿪Ļȴˡ顷֮ϣ͵ҲС
ŵ֮ǰĲ²ûд临Ʒ˵ļܣȡǵǵֶΣ֮ѾҪٷѾ˼Ľ˹ؽΡ
һŻ񣬾ǵʥˡ
ʱƶϣӦ߻δĵңϴλ޺ۣҲûϵҵĺʱ
ŵһͷĻ
ȱ˲͸Կס
֮Կס
ŵЩһζηӵϢʼǰ֡
úŵջߡ
ЩҵĳʥǿҲֻǹеıѡ
ǵãǺ徭ǧ䷨ʧܣΣзε洲ǵ龹ǡ徭ʥУӶ׳һ
ȵȣŵΪ׺һ꿼״Ԫ徭ҵԵʣû뵽Ȼƾʵ
ǰ
ܵ˵£ǳ·ɼλĸеĹߣʵҲһ㣬дõĶ˽ߣһҲԩ
һС˵ֻƿ޵ľЩûбҪдһʴҲȻݻ
λû뵽ǣΪʥľ磬Ѿܹࡣ
ڴ졶徭ʱ򣬻һ֡
ʥ͡徭һġ䡷ͳ磬ŵ֪䡷ôģԵɺ֮£ȴѧɷ˻
Ĵ˵ѾǸߣҲѾתȥľˡ
е磬ȴת
ߣڹ˼趨ʱ򣬼д˲˽˽ǣԼߣͽеǿ趨ΪңĽɫңҲܴ
ʥʶһ㣬Բһ֡
ŵ꣬磬ԲԼվҵĶʱǿȡ߶֮


428 
λݺȥȭͷΪʲôûЩɶݺң½δͰȶˡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵û塣
Ϊʲô
䣬ʣݺ֮϶һ仰û˵ĵԶĹ֣ʷɣδݡ
ʵô죿
ջߣ΢΢һЦ˵һһ˵ʹǵʹѾɣҲ£ôã᲻ãǶǺ˵ˡ
˿̣߳԰Ŀ꣬ûΪʧܶŭϷһ˿Цݡ
ݺûʧһ˵ġ
ºС
·ҲС
һռ½ĵ۹ҪͳһʮɢĹ׵Ķࡣ
ʦʵʦȥ
ϸֳһ˿䣬૵ǵĹ𿰳һˣ֪ڲڣ
Ȼһ٣ĳ˵֮ǰҪȥһλѣû뵽Ȼټʱ򡭡
뿪ָ֮ʦ˵ʦ𣬵Ҳȥݷһλѡ

ȻѾΪ˴»ʣɾסڴУʵҲһ
԰ˮУŻŮӱָ⣬ĵȰο壬㲻ô룬ⲻīҪ硣
Ůҡҡͷͨ͸ͫ׵ӳ˯ȴѰ˼̻˿飺־ǻҵĸԴֻ壬־ܴͬ
ʿ۾˵˶Ϊͳһ˼ĻأĴͬʲô壬ÿ˷ͬĴͬ
Ůüͷ˼
һ̣رˮȻ
һӰͻأĳڶǰ
ǰĿϣʸܵ˼µѹʶĻǰŵʲôˣʲô
ŮӿŵǰӰĿһ˿ͣߵǰ棬ǵʥ˵Ϣѹȣƺûʲôá
꿴Ŀиֳһ˿ɫڵôͻָʥΪīʥ֮īҵһˣǵ𣿡
ŮҡҡͷĿû˿
ͷ˵ˣʹΪڻ֮ϣʧȥȫУԴõʲôء
˻Ůһۣ˵ȻѾīҲˡ
˵꣬ȥ
ڳϿգΰĳǳأУӿ޺顣
ԹҶ׷֮һʧܶգī壬УŻ˲˻زصӣΨݺңŴĳ֮
½Ҳֹ
֮ϵĴڣ
ڣʿ壬壬㡭
֣Ŀ͵˵˭ԶҵɣȫģҲЩˡ

λ̫֮ϻƺ뿪һЩ飬Ľڹеĺ˳
ҲʧȥȨټĺһλѾˡ
ǰĽ֮󣬺Ҳ⣬˴ѻߵĲӡ
ɫ֨ѽ죬ָ֮ͥԺҰʯ׷϶̽Ұա
ǵžãڴɨͥԺӰʱŵĹͻȻǧ
ǰڣɤɳϵĥʯ£ˡ
ϤͷɨӰһ𣬺Ȼͷɨ䣬ֱĶǵӰ֮㻹ţ
ָ֮ͷ̾˿˵£ҶԲ㡣
֣Цȥ鲻ˣ㻹žͺãžͺá

԰
鷿֮ڣŵ̴鰸ǰʡ
֮Ҫ˵Ҫҡ
Ȼ뾳һ뾳бȻӴԴƷԽԽ࣬ԽԽ㣬еٶҲԽԽ졣
񣬴½ѾһͳʮˣǱڵĶߡ
ֻҪǵĽĻˮƽȥʥ¡
֨ѽ
ľűƿٻӰ߽ҹݺŷɫȹ޼䲽ҡΣשͶϸߣҪΪŵĥīȴһֻһīϡ
Ȼ˿˫٣°ݣī˿Ψβǿڴ͸ӯӯ׹
īסҹݺֻ̨˵˹ȥæɣĥī
Ȼīģ˵ɣүѾߣƽʱЩ飬ġ
ŮӣĿִ֣˭Ҳá
ŵдʱ򣬻ǸϰСߣϾʥ壬ܰŵʡܶʱ䣬ǵȻɡ
£Ȼ΢΢һ˿ȡ
ҹݺӣȴԵİȥе̨ݸָ΢΢졣
ڰǰܵҹݺתŵüһ̲ҵЩңҪƶܡ
ѽ
ҹݺ۵ʱչɫȸԾű̴ľܡ
ҹݺ˿ȹɨשϸڹз裬Ȼִīָ΢٣֣īڶнŨҹɫ
鷿ֽŵķΧڳʧ
úŵ߳鷿˿
һˮƽҪעһӵ顣
Ժż˵ȹǴĸһͷñԺ¶ź˵ӡ
ŵ߹ƨɣ˵ȥȥȥСȥ
лǺϵģ̲ٴˣƨɣԼĻСˡ
ŵߵߣոɵһ
ЩңִʵֻմʯϣβʣҪƾ
ڷ˵ָ£˵Ļһʼʱ̫ˡ
Ȼƾٻв㣬һУѾ͡
ŵһ߰ͷһ⼸꣬ˡ
Ϣϣѩɺ죬ЩҵĻͷ˿Сڿء
һü仨ӳųأէŵ̲סһǣԶľϵͻȻ󺰣ߣ
ŵνͿɣҼӣ쾭塭
Ǹߣ˸ϷݣŵԼ
СӰıܹĽһӣһǣСʵŵ磬һ𣿡
ǰμҵʱŵ춼档
æʱü²ܼһΣʱͺˡ
ŵǵС˵ȻԣԺ涼ԡ
Ľ鶯Ĵ۾Ȼһ𣿡
ŵЦƭС
СųЦݣβָ
ŵһֺһǣżˣ˵߰ɡ
΢΢һЦɣȥ̶
ŵûзſ֣Ц


429 
ܽ԰һߴΣлߴΡ
ϸĻ걻ӹȸֵʯ·Ľͬꡣ
겻̫಻̡̫
ش㹻еӤɴ꣬Ѳֵ겶޽Ⱦ˪ഺŮ۽ǶβƣǧŶ˵꣬ǽͭӵļ졣
ڴĽ֮ǰͽ
İգ汲
߰ٴΣƬϣյҲûзʲôԵı仯
꣬ңνȻһ¡
䣬͢䷨˳Уյ췭ظı仯
½һҺ壬׷Ϣģ
ʷʵ˸͢ĸ˰ͣ˵ڸǷҪȡ˰᰸Ѿ̡
ǡ֮Ϊѡܣ˲ףӣգ׳ãؼؼؼؼϼ߽Ĵͬ£Ѿʵ֡

ùٷ˽ǶŰ߳䡣
Ŵˣð
ԺźεϺֺ̧һкȱЦû
ϵ·ϴ÷ףȴԹƹɴѰҲܴϸܽʵĲϡ
ǰ˼ɺã
أͷӻ̫ã͢鷳ˣÿ¶Ҫ͢ţϴһó͢Ʒˡ
˼˵ﻰ͢չҪ͢ʲôʲôѣҡ룬Ҫٵˡ

˺ĺԺгøһ˹Դſ˹þͷˡ
ʦһ£
û緹ǶԹ˾֣Ȼֶ·̯ĸ˵һͲӣлл
ӹ˵ͲеڵİӣһֻڻǮʱǸЦ˼ã´θҲһ
ͳöͭǮڹǰһ̣˸ǰľС
͢ץϣ緹Ǯײ׬Ǯ𡷣ɲųġձϡ
ϣµġձӴˣһġμǡĽζһλũ¶뱾ֵ䡷
Ӽſڵſڣ죬Ҳʣǰڳͱ̭ˡ
˹ո̤ţԺļӰ͹һӼ˵лүֹ
һ飬̽һһǻҪȥֻóһ֮ϣ˫ֲ׼򣡡
һǰ͢Ű䲼µķĹƽȣռ¹
ҪǱʷֻ߱ͱȥ鷳ˡ
С˵аڹ
˵з⽨٣һСģǰ;ͻˡ
ˣ˵Ǽס˰Ժ˵˭׼䲻ܹ򱾹٣ûУ
Ƭ̺÷׼յĹʱӸڵѧãʵĶ
ƥ𡣡
֮ߣ֣֮ߣǡ
ƶƣ䲻
¡
ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ

ѧڣͯڽпǰжҲ÷۱ںڰд¡Ϊĸ֣ʯĭڽ̨߹Ӽ·еġš롶̽ϡ
÷Уһ飬¶Цݡ
ЩͯСȴǴĵδ
⼸꣬͢ڽϴͶ룬е亢ܾͯܽ⣬͢Բʶֵˣѵɨä࣬ʮİУʶֵġ
ڳһߡ
ֵصũͷ˵̯Ҳ֮Ҳ
յĻˮƽ֮ģҵĴˡ
⼸꣬ڵ鷻һðĳЩ鷻ӡľС˵硶μǡؼի־졷ؼɴؼ崫桷ȣǷҴ½
ԼҲ׷μǣֻ첻µزµĺӡ
Ҳ֪Ȿ˭дģƾԼĸٵݣһִȴԷݡ
԰Ŀޡ
֬ɫĻ鷿ҹݺ°ɫȹϣжǽɴĻȣĥīĶ
ŵ̧ͷ˵ƶȥϢɣЩ飬ԼҲ
ҹݺĥīֻʱҲܵߡ
ŵվԼλã˵ĥɣվ˼·˳һЩ
Ųӣǰһ˫
ȻҲѽ˫ٻ˰ٺ٣˼ŮĽΣ˼¡
ŵ˵үǰˡ
ô꣬ϰ߳ƺŵΪү
ŵ첽߳鷿䣬⻹Ƕһλس⼸꣬ԭȵԹֿһԼŮҽʣѪҲŵչˡ
ŵʱԼүү֣Цݣߴߴ˵ͣ
겻ŮЦȴЩǿ
ŵ߹ȥ΢Цǰþò
ŮԴ˵ȥǱɣүүлҪ˵
ӣ˵صģʲôҲ
Ȼ죬ǹԹԵ뿪
ܵһϢŵЦϲǰʥ
̾˿˵֪ˣϷԸԶʥ
ŵʵˣ
鵭Ȼٴ̾ϢȻ֪ˡ
һ׷߾磬Ȼﵽȴô˲
׼
ŵѲεطʱ˵һ仰û뵽һߡ
Ϊ֮Ϊģ̽ıⲻ֪һѾдãǵҲǰͰѡ
ŵֻΪһ𰸡
λ߾ʥˣ˿ԵЩŵĿŵʵǵ磬ǷֻǱ˱дĹ£
ŵ΢΢ͷ
Щ۷ǿ˵п࣬ʤĻԡ
еĲ²õ֤ʵκνҵ˼ɫ԰ޱȣڵϢҲ˾Ҳ
ŵĬƬ̣ڵ鹹ģҲʵģÿ˵ˣԼд
ȫ鹹ģôŵ㲻
ǸдתľߣѾĹ£磬ûֹͣת
ǿߣԲ֣ƭǵι£λ߿ûд
ŵĽܽνĨʱÿһˣԾдԼ
һ죬Ѿܽˡ
ŵͷһ̣֮ϣغȻɫ
Ʋ类ξת˲۳Ļ
һڸĺƣͷ
ɫ۳һͷǧɵ޴̽ƣͷųѹ߾ʥˣҲеĩٰëȻ
һĻҲֻʥܿ
ʥ֮£գ

ڳһӰȻ̧ͷ¶
԰ͻӰҲȻ̧ͷ߿֮ϡ
ĳլۡڣԼԼĵĿ꣬еӺȻ׹أ̧ͷ죬ֵʲô
԰
ŵǷһ˿΢Цڰ˾𡭡
ǰصĳŵ⡣
߾ǸеޣҲǹ趨еʵޡ
ΨһͻһƵģҡ
ˣ鷢
Ϊ˵Լǵڰ˾ҡ
һ֧ʣܸдһ˾ؤʵۣûʵΪؤʥʧȥΪͨһ˲ʥû߸
ǵڰ˾ҵ
ûΪͨˣվڴ½۷ʥˣԵڰ˾˵ûκ
꣬ƾôŬ޷
ΪǵĸҲС
ŵ꣬ģĹأŵЧ
ŵ̧ͷɢ˰ɡ
ǧɵӴȻҲ˲ɢȥٴλָƽ·һжûз


430 

յա
յƷ·δڹΨгڼλʥ˾ı飬֤ǳĶǵٲǻþ
Ӱͬʱ԰
ϻմ۵Ĵȿڣŵʲôˣղƺô£
ʺǻŮǣ֣һԻ
λ꣬ͬȻĶŵ
Ϊվڴ½۷ڸղһ̣ܵŨŨζ
һζֿ˵
ŵԴ΢΢һЦ˵ûˡ
ͻǲ֮磬Уһӡ
еһй򣬶ı¶С
ֻҪһͷЩ򶼿Ըı䡣
԰ڳʥ˵ΪҲͨһ˲ӵκһʥ˵ʵôһ̱ɺȻתʢģʱ˲ɵֻ֮صǰ
Х𣬿ƻɽ콵ʯø˹ӵȻð
Ͼ׵ľ飬ҲǾ顣
ֻҪ߸доͻᷢ
Ƭ½Ϸһ飬ûġ
ʷδδҲʷѾ޸ģԤ֪ѹֶǰıʥ
Щܹʥ˵飬Īڴˡ
ڸղŵƻ£ٴηղŵҲסһңɫ֣صʵ߲ǵʲô
ŵǰļˣǶǿߣʸҲбҪ֪ࡣ
˵ʵȻпᣬʵӿɱ
Ƭ̺󣬴ŵȻ˵ǵǼٵģǱ鹹Ĺ£ˣֻеĽɫ
̲סŵĶͷȻòҴҽԼĴŵû°ɣӣǺܵġ
ǿȻҲ˳ǣãַһ
̫˵ҺңԴѾֲˡ
ŵʵǲ˵Ǹд֮ˣֻһ֧ʣʹʥɥʧΪ򳬷ʥ߸
ŵҡͷ˵ñҲԡ
Ļ£ڣʥݺΪһ˲ʧӰ١
¶˵ʲôȻһ𣬵ͷԼ˫֣𾪵ңңΪأ
Ȼ̧ͷ𾪺Ϳ־ŵ
һ̣Ըţ̤һ޷ľ磬ҲԸܣ˼Ǽٵģݺʥˣٿش½ƼĻ֣ȻֻǱ鹹һɫ
ˣ⼸껹ʲô壿
⼸䣬Щ飬ʲô壿
ܣ
ⲻģһģ
ҡͷһ̣֮ǰǸ˿ĿԼԼۡ
һȺ֪ĿԴһֻѡ
ⲻģⲻģظ˼֮Ȼһҧ˵ģҲǸеǣǲһǿ棡
ŵҡͷź㲻ǣֻһڽֲųֵǣһƪ̵ǣûԼ֣㻹ǵ𣿡
ŭϻ֣ȻǵãУС
ɫһƬɷףֵֽ֡ʲôˣʲôţ
ŵļ˵ûдҲ֪Ҳ̫ѹ϶ò
֮󣬺ȻЦ
ƭ
һǣ
ֻбǣ
ЩСǣķͷ

λݺ½ʥˣʵϾ֮ɫһ߷ҡͷһ߿Ц˳ȥ
һƬž
˶ѵһĭʵҲܶȥҵΪ
ŵ΢΢ͷڻʼʧֺܿתΪҵ߾ҵ߾īҵ߾ջָ糣
ŵ˵ģ߸Ҳģ
ŵٴεͷ
ǵ䱾ʣǼֶѡ
ڣֻгֵˣŻռü֣ȻݻֻھҪʱǲŻӵԼ֡
òʱǽСˡСա
һӰԶŵ


鷿
ʮƣİڹ
˹е֮⣬ϻһݳ
ƺ˵ӦЩˣǿҪʢ޷ǲһ
ŵ̾һʵ֪ˣ
ַŵļϣ˵ǰ˭ӺδԶҵĶӡ
ŵ֣
ʱСС鷿Уһ
֣

ˣ

˳Ҿһ΢Цλòˡ


431 µĶ
Զ
̣
ǫ
أ
㡭
ϣ㣬Ҳû

Ҷ࿴ЩˣӣԼѣ𾪣ܽгǵ֣ʲôҲ˵
ЩˣҰµģȴһվǰ
࿴ʵ⡭
ŵ͵ʥһ顷߸ЧãЩǰΪ˴нգ̫࣬Ӧǿһǰʢ
û͸¶ıʡ
˶֪࣬ô罫᳹ױ
ŵΪ綨µĹ
еʥ֮Ȼ֪һС
һϤף˿ƺжЩеѹȻŵȥһطɡ
֮ء
ı㣬ããء
ֻӴİܣڱ׷𺣱
Ӱ˺գƾճڼ֮ϡ
̧֣źѩĴسһ޴ѷ죬һɺĹϵ档
˵ӰʧٴγʱѾڱ֮ڡ
տյģΨйĵһűϣһӰ
һŮӣԼĪʮҡ
ɫȹ۾񾲵
Ůӵһ̣Цϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
£ŮմȾЩ˪Ľë˲۾


԰
һŮӵ֣㣡
΢Ц㣬þòˡ
ĨĨᣬ˵ܼ㣬̫ˣ

̣
һڶϱվǰЩۻңһȺΧߴߴĺӣҲӦӲϾ
Ȼ벻ǣǸΪǣҵɵӣѾôгϢԽĸס
ƫͷ֮ˣǣ֣оҸ֮ɫ

պ
԰ڡ
Ͽŵ߽ͣŵŵأҵûҵ
֪ǼٵģԼֻ鹹֮󣬴ǰûʲô仯ȫ񶫷һıÿյһ
ǼٵģҲÿյͷȴ¡
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵ȥ˼ˣ˵Щ̫ˣֻú
ʲô
ɫ󾪣еĵͣصڵϡ

ͬ£Ũ
֮⣬һگ˶ܿõĵطǧ۶ӭ츲صı
һ¡
ǳ½ʮգⶼһ¡
λȨȫڸȻͲ֪١
˵⼸еĹҴ¶ڸģһûв룬ϣȻһͳĻʵۡ
ڣĻʵ۳νѾ׳Ϊʷ
Ҳûлʵˡ
ٹټ֤֮£ڴҽҲĳΪ촷ۣζšʵۡʣѳʷһ̡
ڱλһǰڸ֮׵Ҳʽǹ٣֪ȥ
֪Ϣ֮ڸԼвٹԱȻ𾪣ȴҲ˿
Ұ£û˲ˡ
û踺أûн֮ġ
˵ﻰڵĳãʵǲɰ
ǸϣһЩ
ǹ֮ʮ񣬳Ϊλڸ֮һҲǳࡣ
˵ҶҲǹ٣һڸֿճλãѾвĹԱĦȭƣ׼֮λˡ
ڸʮλԱԾλڸΪס
ǾˣԾ½ĹȻڸҲһ죬ÿٺ»һСˣйԱǸλá
յڸոս첽ӵ׷λˣ
Ҷͣ½ŲعͷЦʵˣк£
ͬڸ֮һ쿴Ŷˣʵλ˲ٿǿ𣬳ûҪλ˵ָ
λڸ֮࣬⣬Ҷߡ
ͬʱǹ٣һʱʧȥĹǣԴĵδҲЩã
λˣЩ֧ҲҪ뿪УĿġ
˰֣˵ϼһռѾˣҪѻˣҪȻ˼Ҫġ
ҲЦ˵˵Ķԣǵ˼̫ˣ͢ҪѪҺδǺ˵ˡ
ĿԶȥ̾˿
񻺲ǰ˵λˣǸ߷ڡ
ԱڸλûʱȴߵȨƺʵ塣
Ŀ¶֮ɫ˵ˣˣλҲˡòײߵһҸо仯
¶⣬ʵʲô仯
컺սĹ̰֮£֮ȻʱֻҪѪǳ绹֣֣ҲսʱΪ֮ʼ񣻳꣬͢Աɸ⣬ڳ֮⣬һЩɵķɲס
ԶĿ䣺µĶҪʼˡ


432 

԰ڡ
ŵĽϡ
ĻʯСϣ˿ڰջߣŮЦ쳹ϡ
ɰСҲѾɳΪͤͤŮ
Сʱ¶ˣ˴֮䣬Ǿᳳ֣ŵԴȻϰߡ
Ը׺ĸ뿪󣬴Ҳ֪٣Ǳŵӣͬȥ˼ˣ˵Ǵӡ
Ľһ֮ŵߵߣ֪һ
ǰŵĸ󣬴˿̣ĸĸӦԭȵԹĳ档
ŵ߹ȥ֪ߣʵʦ𣿡
֪Ȼ̧ͷϲʵʦҲԻ𣿡
ŵ֣Цŵ˵ͷ
ͨ˻Ǹʥˣ˵ʵûʲô
ֻЩӣһֱڰֲź˺ҹݺĸĸĸ֪ĸ󡭡ܵһһ
ŵĿǰߵĲݵϣһӰٵΡ
ʦ
λŮӳʱ֪ɿվıס
ĸȥ磬ʦСߣ˵ʦʦĸĹϵ
Ůͷ΢ЦСѾͷҲ˵ˣǻټ𡭡
Ƭ̺ߵŵǰ΢΢˵ͷˡ
ŵЦʦؿ
ͻƵڰ˾һ̣ŵ֪֪˵ĹʦҵʥˣΪڶ֮ϡ
磬ûʲôܵġ
ǹȥ˵飬ֻδûз飬ĸ֪֮ڡ
ʦ͵һݴУڻǷݴ֮󣬲ŵ֪һеġ
ʵؽͣŵ֪ҵ棬ڡ顷»λҳʥˡ
˵ЩʥˣҲʱһˡ
ŵ߽԰һԺ䣬Ժš
һӰʼԺۡ
ÿһλϣɢʥ˵Ϣ
Ϊһλ߶ŵҾһ񣬿ڵлСѡ
ŵҾ
λϤߣŵӿһֵĸܡ
ƾٸ֮֮Уʥû뵽гһգʥվǰ
ŵʥʳеһ⣺ôҹģ
ʥԣһλɫӰ͵ʥԱգһ磬ѰԵ֮ܵ徭ٻԻ
Щʥˣŵġ
Ϊ鹹ĽɫǾȻ뵽ַƱض޷Ƶ֡
лɻ󣬼Ȼһ磬ҪʥԱǷʱΪʲôҪ
ŵʥ˽⣬ʥԱһ磬Ψк˵ըԱ⡣
ܲ˯ʱ򣬰һ˵
߶ôд
⣬ʥҲͲˡ
ߣѾļޣǽ֮飬ͳͳڻԵ
ʥ֮ʥٴοڣСѣҵȻһ֮롭
ȻѾ磬ǵĲ֮룬ǲ˵ڣŵҲ֪
ǣ뿴ʵ硣
Щڴ½ۣ֮ӵž԰ǿߣעԶõ֮УҲҪ磬ʲôҪǴǵģʲôĴڡ
飬Ψŵ
磬Ҳ޷
ֻǣһֱûһ
ŵ˵ͷ˵ҴӦǣ֮ǰһһҪ
ŵ뿪һԺӡ
ո߽ȥ߹ŵĸ첲磬Ⱦүүɣ
ԴͻƵʥ֮󣬶Ƿ
ұо֣ʵڡ
ⱾѾᣬ־ԾΪÿ
ˣû˼Ŀܣ־ڲ
ŵģֻСΧ
֪Щû񶫷ҵ棬ԼʷʥһѾܲˡ
ŵ֣ȭ
һ̣е飬ûΪͨˣǸҵİʥԼʥˣ·ʲôѵ
ͷĻ́ͷãȻܡ
磬·𶼰һ˲
һ˲֮Ǿͻָ糣ղŵ飬ƺղʲôûзֻ˲١
ڶԼҵʥ˵磬Ĳһˡ
ǵУʧˣ
Ҳ˵ȫǿһƬհף
ȻǼϰߣȴ޿ܣ
ڵΪڿٵˣͷ˿૵ϷΪ
ŵ˵磬ԺҲûˡ
Ԥ֪ʵǶ־Ŀӡ
־ʧΪ½ϵδҲڡ
ڿʼˡ
ǵԼ죬ÿ˵δ޿ܡ
ңҲҲûɿ
ŵԼҲС
ȻıһɨգʧȥʥΪͬõĳֽѡ
֪ߵĹʦͬ˿
ͬһʱ䣬ĳͨլԺ
е鼮£¶һ˿΢Ц
磬徻ˡ

СԺ֮С
ʥע֮£ŵ黯
۾ʱѾֵо֮С
ֵź㣬ɵͷͭ嶣죬ֵ̺Ľŷζ·ľϵ
·˴Ծûһ˲ӵĽֵϺȻһˡ
Ψһڽֱ߿Ǻ«ĺͯͻȻԲ۾קסĸ׵ȹµǸ˺ǺȻģ
˼ڼ죬ͷҲصĴ򿪺ӵ֣˵С죬úóǺ«
ŵܣͳĽֵƣһĴ
ﲻ硣
鹹֮ҲҵһЩԭͣеĳ߸ʵġ
ܲ־ңңīңҡڵĸҲʧӰ١
ҲϾЩ趨жУ磬ҪʵĹ
˵еĳҪȽͷһЩ
ҼһѾͨ˵磬пԳȽĽͨߣͣʱŵǻɣǸߣô뵽ЩִƼľģ
ֱ˿̣ŵУкܶδ⡣
ڽֵĿĵţ嶣Զȥׯƹž죬Щ֯ʵⷽƽЩĵĳ
ĽУֽҳϵĳŸޣԼȴľֺγһַ̣
ߴ˵Ľ̸
ľ´ױϻƼûĸߣî˿Ϸ죬Ĳ
ȰʲӱīӪƫҪȶǮſϡ
Ǽһıʸֻľտһ
׼һ׳񡣡
ҼҵΰҲûˡ

ŵˣһӣȻ㲻䣬Ҳͨ˼ңԺԺڷľƼҾߣҲǷľмľ顣
ͺãҵģ
ΰʿֳⷿɵģԼȥĸĸ
һվԺУкſˣſڻվһӰӭɹڵԲ¶ЦݣˣҲƼҾߵ𣿡
ŵӣʮͷӲߣòƽӹҲЩ귢˶֮УҲͨˡ
ŵ΢΢һЦ˵ȿ
Цȿʱк
˵꣬ߵһԣղŻδɵĹ
ոӣȻֿŵɻ̨ҿ죬ǲ
ŵЦɡ
ҡҡͷ˦Ī˼רĵľľͷ
ŵվԣʵ˵ǰдС˵
΢΢һ٣ܿ¶˵Ƕǰ飬ˣˡ
ƺʲôȻŵһֻԴһߵ㲻ҵİɣҽͣдҲ룬֮°Ҷϸû㹻ʱĹ˼ԺܶԵòִ٣ƪز㣬ҲϷݣһ֮Ҳ֪ӦдʲôҲÿ춼дǵ£֪Ƕôдд飬дд̽־дʷڡ̫дģÿһдãÿһûдãֻһߣԺҲдˣңҾҸۣۡ
˵̧֮ͷһǰ֮Ѿʧˡ
ߣˣ
һڷġ
ʱһòͨŲȹĸ˴һ߳һˮߵǰ˵๫ȵˮɡ
Щڿʣˮһ
ݸˣƳԼָ϶ձĥļӣһʱЩĳĬ
˼죬ʵ๫ôˣ
ӳĬã̧ͷ˵ӣңһд顭


433 
԰
ʥεУŵӰʵ
ô
һһǿɣ
ǵģôĴܣ
ΪǲǱʥ˻Ҫǿࣿ

ʥеŵ䣬ǵǰһˮĻֶ
ص֮ŵܵġ
ˮĻ֮һ棬ʥ𽥱ĳĬ
ԭһƽ硣
ǵģҲʲôܡ
ֻһľǧǧľһȻҪΪƶ
Ǽ֮һĻᣬܹһ۲п֮⣬ûκ塣
ŵǣ˵ѾΪÿˣӵеڰ˾Ļᣬеڰ˾һԴǳȥһ߳ǻʧȥеΪԪҲʣ޶࡭
ʥԣ׷̧ͷϲ
棿
ǣĿԳȥ
ֻҪܳȥϷȥϷҲԸ⣡
ٵģӵٸߵΪҲû壬ǺһʵĿֺη
ŵҲȥǸ֮жһЩµ
Ǳ鹹ĽɫΣǲ籾ġ
ⱾߣҲнɫ硣
ŵĪľ֪BUGΪʲôԭ
ĪǣΪԼ磬Ӹ߼
ɴƸ߼Ŀռϣƺ̫ЩʥӦӵеǣиΪǿ롣
Ҳ𰸡
ʥӰһʧȻվ⣬˵ү˺ܴ
Ƭ̺ŵ鷿ڡ
Ȼҹݺֱλڸϲˮ֮ǰûѾˣѾϰ鶼Ϊ
ԵЩѰæԼԼ
ŵɼ䣬쿪˵⡣
ŵ΢΢һЦһص𣿡
˵ͷһԱλ˺λǹ֮󣬳ƺĺǰһˣ˻ȥִ֣Ǻòײߵһ˼Ȩ߻ͷ·
ŵҡͷ˼Ȩ𣬿δء
ʵۣʲôȨ
һı˼Ըʱؽʹݻ־һͷˣļȨ
ܳΪռľߣҲΪµı
ȷֻҪһͷ磬Ĵͬ硣
ˣӵκθʣ˽ؼ̰ؼʧ쵣ĵĻͷ·һҲ֡
Ļ־ײڡ
磬ҲһبŲģµĿϷ
δһ죬һЩɵʥˣΪۣһ顷꣬Ʒһı
鲻ᷢ
ŵ֪ľΪʲôܶµĽɫ͹ȫƿأ飬Ϸ
ԣǿԶսʤļȨ
ŵܾ󣬰ϲˮ˵ҲҪ뿪ˣ֮ǰһһЩ飬һĵˣеĻ֣Ҳᱻٴεȼ
뿪ˡ
߳԰һ̣ϣκεݺң಻ᵮµҡ
ҵѪٸ߹ǵе츳ıƽߡ
ҺͷҵбĸףѾһͳʵһͬʧģеҡΪ磬һЩˡ
δôֻ졭
Ҳ֪
δӦɣҲֻȥ졣
Դǹ֮ĶһңҲ˳û֪ȥ
𽥵ģ״Ԫŵ£
лꡣ
½ĳ羰˵ɽȡ
ŮĿע֮£ŵǣż˵֣˵Ӱ黯ʧ
֮ǰһͷüֱʥ֮
Ȼ˻ûͻƵڰ˾⼸紩ŵķ֣ԿռƿԽԽϤԴ˳ȥ
Ŀǰÿλֻܴһˡ
硣
ϣª
שǽ٣ˮݵӳ߼©µ⡣
ߺһֵļˣŵı飬һ˲Ļ㱡
һ̣ԼҲ֪ǵǲٵ硣
˻ܣĿдһ˿档
̧˫ֿ˿ڣѾûһ˿Ҳܲκ֮Ĵڡ
Ȼһû硣
Ӱ·ʱŲһ٣һۣ߽ӡ
׳£ЦСӣƯǸСʲôãҪ棿
䣡
ž
飡
С֮ڣǴһȭȭ⣬ص
Ĺ׳ͬһڵϡ
ȭͷ˵þûܹˡ
ȻûҲ֮ѧ⻹ڣԸֻЩļһһ˿Դʮ
ǣŵ֣˵๫£Ժұ㡣
˵ʱǣһ˿ײĻȡ
ֿԱ๫ˡ
ϲط
ŵ΢΢ͷһֻ۵ɢ
ûġ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôٶȱ졣
ŵż˵֣˵Ҵȥļҡ
Ȼڵĸҵûˣ黭Щܻڣеܴ⼸꣬ŵͨЩ׬˲Ǯһլӡ
ҪǶӹƾڵĻ»ҪƴһЩʱա
ǣ߳СȺУΧһУ૵ʵ𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ˵Ӧǰɡ
żҲһЩֵͷ
Ȼʱִ磬ҲǸʷеĳһ
ϵ飬ȻûһĽ͡
᲻ᣬģҲĳһ磿
ŵ̧ͷ񷡣
˭֪֮ϣǲҲһߣ
Ŀ⣬ԶĲ񷣬ȻҲ֮ϵǺ
ͻƬǺһ
ųǵҹīɫչĦ¥ɴֱִɭ֡
ĻǽȺĺɫѣLEDƴͬһŽߣ֯ӹ¥ӰʵϵĹŽ˫عۡ
ҹĳͶС
סլ¥Ѿ뾲ĬȺڴͬϨĵĹ
ĳ۵ĳУƵķ䲢ûпƣֻеĻӫӫ⡣
һ۾ڵǰź̨壵ݣ˽֣ԺдЩڵĶȥҸϰɡ
˼䣬ص̨лҳ棬ڼϻ¡ȫꡱ


434 ǰ
ʥʮ꣬
һƮ䣬ʯ̾͵Ӣ˫ѥ̤飬ǰ£ͷܶ糱
ͭ죬ȺȻڡ
Ű˷Űˣ
״Ԫͬһˣ
ĵӣͲµ״Ԫû뵽һ˶ռ״Ԫ
ܿĳɼ𣿡
Կƾйš
ǰ;뾡һа취£˵δ䣬㽫С㶼г

ճ˿
θ԰ڣٻޡ
ܿߵֿѣҡͷ״Ԫа˵ķͷȫһˡ
ƾٷŰԭӦȺ財
ʵϣƾ٣ҲȺ財
ԼʱС֮ͯƣνڳָ֮ڿƾ֮ǰͱ̫ӵ¿УڶΪλãոմԺѧӴã̰Ʒһʱȵ𡭡
ǵÿһλƾ֮ϣжȡ״Ԫʵ
գ˶Ϊ״Ԫǡ
ļ˵ϴҺ˵飬㿼ǵôˣԺҵĺͬΪкǽΪֵܣŮãһһŮǽΪޡ
ԣ¶ɫ⡭
üô״ԪͿμˣ
ҡͷǣֻ
ЦѾֹˣûôˣȥݻ飬ǽͰ鶨

ʥʮ꣬ġ
˺ȵ󣬰ŽҶʹŽƵıأשǽͶӰ
ڲŲӣļ١
ڴӤޣȻ̧ͷ
ЦĴӲܹ߳˹֣صϲδˣϲδˣλǧ𣡡
˽ϲ֮Ǹ˻ϲصˡ
ܵü䣬ֳһ˿ǳ
ŮֿѽԼҲЩǣ׮粨
֪룬Ϊ˱
ҺȨҲܹİ

ʥʮ꣬
ѪθϵĳȾɳһԺ֮ڣѵ
ȡԼôˣܱ壬Ϊʲô㲻У
ѵԸԺ޸һɵӣ
㿴㣬ʲôѣ
ǸҶ˵
֪ˣҾӦʦĻ

ԺڴθѾǣҲҳ
һүķ˾ܣֵθð
СԺ֮ڣཫһײˤķ飬ܣ˫ֲߡ
ӵķŭֻҡͷЦ
Ƭ̺߳СԺ³һ
ôû뵽һ꣬龹ȻᷢչһԶؼؼǫؼءǶˣ޵״ԪҲҳӡ
鷿˯һҹڶ죬Ҫ̸̸ʱȴտҲ
һѾ߻ҵܽ˵үˣ˴Сˡ

ʥʮһ꣬
Хѩ졣
ѧܽǵͭű裬߽ã˶ϵѩĿɨһſŵľ鰸鰸һŤŤĿһΡ֡
ˣʵμأ
˻Ӧ
ҲûжʣμλСˣҲֻĿϴ˯
ԴһѧûӿΣϡ¡
벻ˣĸףǵĿƾٵôôһϲŮ
ҡҡͷ飬ϿΡ
ѧɽһ԰֮ڡ
ѩУһλݵСĴһȭ
ȭƿѩĻŮԾڿ֦㣬δƬѩȻȭΪƣһεľ͸ѩǰ÷ϵĻѩ䣬¶˪ѩڸǵĺ÷
ķѩССֳꡣ
˵ԼԺҪ޸һɵӣ
ͬһʱ䡣
ǧ⡣
ڡ
ʥŮ塣
࿴ǰСҪúúĻҪسǸɵӳףԸɵӳ𣿡
Сҧҧ촽
챻޸һɵӣҲǲܽܡ


ܼҶѺһѩˣЦ˵үѩ㡭
һĺͯ£ܼҵĻ޶ԡ
̧ͷѩĻûκα飬ƺڵȴʲô
ܼҼˣƵ̾˿
үʲôʱܺð
Ժ⴫æĽŲһбѵӰ߽ܼҵ⣬ڲڣ
ܼҵص£үոȥˡ
ոԺӵĽ˻ȥֵǱȥ
ߵſڣҪʱŲһ١
ֶ£ѩľ鷷ӿһ߹Ŀⶢ̯ϵľ飬ʵˣıˣСϾҪ̯ԸһЩ
̯һ顣
ƾɷƵķϣ֣ȫ



435 
ⳤ
ɫĽֵϣӰڽͷ˲Ŀͷ
һŮӿŮӸѵһˣΪѵõǣλ˵òһģһȻһá
һһҵӵ֣ϵʮܡ
ˣһȴӵұʼɡ
ŵģʲô
ŵֲһ˵ģΪʲôܸ
ƨ棬ߣ
ô˵
ĽСֹ˼䣬ȻԼͬŤͷȥ˭Ҳ˭ˡ
ŵԴȻϰߣ첻ˣЩʲô
Ľŵ֣ʵŵ磬ʲôʱشĿ
ŵҡҡͷ˵ѾϤĴˣȹʱ䣬Ҵȥ翴
ʱٲһһ꣬лᾭʮ꣬Ӧùȥʮˣѷ˷츲صı仯ʵΣҲκϤӰӡ
ŵѾܾûлȥˡ
е磬Ҫ
ûʵġ
ǸˣȫǵС
ʲôδԼѡ

ͬʮꡣ
ʮʷв̶һ˲ȴͨһ
ҽƸ֮ʮ꣬ҽѸͷչǵҲΪӳ⣬ѰգҲܻϡ֮ꡣ
ʮ½ûսңհҵ˿Ҳ֮ࡣ

ǵͰʽڼʮǰѱĸ¥档
Ϊ½ؼؼĻģһͳ֮˿ھӭ˾ʽıǾ˼ʹóԭȣҲʵľסҪ
Ϊ˽ס⣬ʮǰһ׵ĸĽ¥ԽԽߣǵҲ˷츲صĸı䡣
ܴеأ˵ػǮ˵˽ͥԺΧûпԸֵأʳ߲˵ȣҪ
ũЩҲѸٸ£ʮǰʮ꣬½Χڣٷ˵顣
ͨգȻ֪ζҲѳԵ߲ˣ֪ˮǺζ
Ѳʺϸ֣ũȻдֶΣ߲˺ˮӼǧܱ֮ʣǸողժһ˿ڣƷʳģֻڳǮܵĵ
µĳУٲߵĦ¥۵Ľֵϳ֯
ΰĻص綯ոһϢ
µȣӵ綯ȡһƿˮ˹һ
¡¡
һܳǰܳϣĹӵỵ̂һֻڸŮ
ΰǬѵ촽ܳīҶʦľƷһӶ

ܳɳ۶ʱƷ·ߵһѿҶոսҶɨһѵĻˣֻεҡҡͷɨ㣬ɨһ
ΰ̧ͷǰĹ㳡ʩ޴ĵڱ
м俪ʼЩ
ѧʱ򣬻ѧЩĹ£ʮǰЩˣ½ϵĻʵǸ̨ûлʵۣûȨĴ³
ЩʷڶѾƳ˿α
񣬾ЩҲҪˡ
˵ĸоΰҡҡͷЩ飬һٲ͵ֵñܷˡ
һӰԶ󸹱˫ֲڴɨҶˣûôôãҸ㣬͵;̸ǻȥ㲻е˸ɣʲôȱǲȱˡ
ԶĬĬĿһĻ
һ߬ȭͷ磬Ӧġ